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FSV3-K144
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Rohde&Schwarz FSV3-K144 User Manual

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R&S®FSV3-K144 3GPP 5G NR Downlink Measurement Application User Manual
(;Üêa2)
1178924902 Version 09
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This manual applies to the following R&S®FSV3000 and R&S®FSVA3000 models with firmware version
1.90 and higher:
●
R&S®FSV3004 (1330.5000K04) / R&S®FSVA3004 (1330.5000K05)
●
R&S®FSV3007 (1330.5000K07) / R&S®FSVA3007 (1330.5000K08)
●
R&S®FSV3013 (1330.5000K13) / R&S®FSVA3013 (1330.5000K14)
●
R&S®FSV3030 (1330.5000K30) / R&S®FSVA3030 (1330.5000K31)
●
R&S®FSV3044 (1330.5000K43) / R&S®FSVA3044 (1330.5000K44)
●
R&S®FSV3050 (1330.5000K50) / R&S®FSVA3050 (1330.5000K51)
The following firmware options are described:
●
R&S®FSV3-K144 (5G NR R15 Downlink Measurements) (1330.7219.02)
●
R&S®FSV3-K147 (5G NR Combined EVM / ACLR / SEM Measurements) (1346.4250.02)
●
R&S®FSV3-K148 (5G NR R16 Downlink / Uplink Measurements) (1346.4914.02)
●
R&S®FSV3-K171 (5G NR R17 Downlink / Uplink Measurements) (1346.5362.02)
© 2022 Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG Muehldorfstr. 15, 81671 Muenchen, Germany Phone: +49 89 41 29 - 0 Email: info@rohde-schwarz.com Internet: www.rohde-schwarz.com Subject to change – data without tolerance limits is not binding. R&S® is a registered trademark of Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG. Trade names are trademarks of the owners.
1178.9249.02 | Version 09 | R&S®FSV3-K144
Throughout this manual, products from Rohde & Schwarz are indicated without the ® symbol , e.g. R&S®FSV3000 is indicated as R&S FSV3000.
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R&S®FSV3-K144
1 Documentation overview.......................................................................9
1.1 Getting started manual................................................................................................. 9
1.2 User manuals and help.................................................................................................9
1.3 Service manual............................................................................................................10
1.4 Instrument security procedures................................................................................ 10
1.5 Printed safety instructions.........................................................................................10
1.6 Data sheets and brochures........................................................................................ 10
1.7 Release notes and open-source acknowledgment (OSA).......................................10
1.8 Application notes, application cards, white papers, etc......................................... 11
2 Welcome to the 5G NR measurement application............................ 12

Contents

Contents
2.1 Overview of the 5G NR applications......................................................................... 12
2.2 Installation................................................................................................................... 14
2.3 5G NR measurement application selection.............................................................. 14
2.4 Display information.....................................................................................................14
3 Measurements and result displays.................................................... 17
3.1 Selecting measurements............................................................................................17
3.2 Selecting result displays............................................................................................ 19
3.3 Performing measurements.........................................................................................19
3.4 Result summary.......................................................................................................... 20
3.5 I/Q measurements....................................................................................................... 27
3.6 Time alignment error...................................................................................................43
3.7 Transmit on / off power measurement...................................................................... 46
3.8 Frequency sweep measurements..............................................................................51
3.9 Combined measurements.......................................................................................... 59
3.10 Reference: custom limits........................................................................................... 62
3.11 Reference: 3GPP test scenarios................................................................................63
4 Configuration........................................................................................66
4.1 I/Q Measurement......................................................................................................... 66
4.1.1 Configuration overview..................................................................................................67
4.1.2 Automatic measurement configuration..........................................................................69
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4.1.3 Physical signal description............................................................................................ 72
4.1.4 Test scenarios............................................................................................................... 75
4.1.5 Component carrier configuration...................................................................................76
4.1.6 Radio frame configuration............................................................................................. 81
4.1.7 Synchronization signal configuration.............................................................................85
4.1.8 Bandwidth part configuration.........................................................................................90
4.1.9 Slot configuration.......................................................................................................... 95
4.1.10 PDSCH and PDCCH configuration............................................................................. 107
4.1.11 Antenna port configuration.......................................................................................... 127
4.1.12 Advanced settings.......................................................................................................129
4.1.13 Generator control........................................................................................................ 135
4.1.14 Input source configuration...........................................................................................139
4.1.15 Frequency configuration..............................................................................................141
Contents
4.1.16 Amplitude configuration...............................................................................................142
4.1.17 Trigger configuration................................................................................................... 145
4.1.18 Data capture................................................................................................................147
4.1.19 Tracking.......................................................................................................................150
4.1.20 Demodulation.............................................................................................................. 153
4.2 Time Alignment Error Configuration.......................................................................156
4.3 Transmit On / Off Power Configuration...................................................................156
4.4 Frequency Sweep Measurement Configuration.....................................................157
4.5 Combined measurement configuration.................................................................. 160
4.5.1 Signal description........................................................................................................161
4.5.2 Signal capture............................................................................................................. 162
4.5.3 Trigger configuration................................................................................................... 164
4.6 Combined measurement guide................................................................................167
4.6.1 General configuration..................................................................................................167
4.6.2 Trigger configuration................................................................................................... 169
4.7 Time trigger measurement guide.............................................................................177
4.8 Microservice export.................................................................................................. 178
4.9 Reference: structure of .allocation files..................................................................179
4.10 Basics on input from I/Q data files.......................................................................... 187
5 Analysis.............................................................................................. 189
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5.1 General analysis tools.............................................................................................. 189
5.1.1 Data export..................................................................................................................189
5.1.2 Diagram scale............................................................................................................. 190
5.1.3 Zoom........................................................................................................................... 191
5.1.4 Markers....................................................................................................................... 192
5.2 Analysis tools for I/Q measurements......................................................................192
5.2.1 Layout of numerical results......................................................................................... 193
5.2.2 Result settings.............................................................................................................193
5.2.3 Table configuration......................................................................................................196
5.2.4 Result views................................................................................................................ 197
5.2.5 Evaluation range......................................................................................................... 198
5.2.6 Beamforming selection................................................................................................201
5.3 Analysis tools for combined measurements..........................................................202
Contents
5.3.1 Event filter................................................................................................................... 202
5.3.2 General analysis tools.................................................................................................203
5.4 Analysis tools for frequency sweep measurements............................................. 204
6 Remote control...................................................................................205
6.1 Common suffixes...................................................................................................... 205
6.2 Introduction............................................................................................................... 206
6.2.1 Conventions used in descriptions............................................................................... 207
6.2.2 Long and short form.................................................................................................... 207
6.2.3 Numeric suffixes..........................................................................................................208
6.2.4 Optional keywords.......................................................................................................208
6.2.5 Alternative keywords................................................................................................... 208
6.2.6 SCPI parameters.........................................................................................................209
6.3 5G NR application selection.....................................................................................211
6.4 Screen layout.............................................................................................................214
6.4.1 General layout.............................................................................................................214
6.4.2 Layout of a single channel.......................................................................................... 216
6.5 Measurement control................................................................................................224
6.5.1 Measurements............................................................................................................ 224
6.5.2 Measurement sequences............................................................................................226
6.6 Remote commands to retrieve numeric results.....................................................228
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6.6.1 Result summary.......................................................................................................... 228
6.6.2 Time alignment error................................................................................................... 248
6.6.3 Marker table................................................................................................................ 248
6.6.4 CCDF table................................................................................................................. 252
6.7 Limit check results....................................................................................................253
6.7.1 EVM limits................................................................................................................... 253
6.7.2 Transmit power on / off limits...................................................................................... 257
6.7.3 Frequency sweep limits...............................................................................................258
6.8 Retrieve trace data.................................................................................................... 266
6.8.1 Using the TRACe[:DATA] command........................................................................... 266
6.8.2 Read measurement results......................................................................................... 285
6.9 Configuration.............................................................................................................289
6.9.1 General configuration..................................................................................................290
Contents
6.9.2 Automatic configuration...............................................................................................293
6.9.3 Physical settings......................................................................................................... 297
6.9.4 Component carrier configuration.................................................................................302
6.9.5 General radio frame configuration...............................................................................306
6.9.6 Synchronization signal configuration...........................................................................308
6.9.7 Bandwidth part configuration.......................................................................................315
6.9.8 Slot configuration........................................................................................................ 318
6.9.9 CSI reference signal configuration.............................................................................. 325
6.9.10 Positioning reference signal........................................................................................ 334
6.9.11 CORESET allocation configuration............................................................................. 338
6.9.12 PDSCH allocation configuration..................................................................................345
6.9.13 Enhanced CORESET allocation configuration............................................................352
6.9.14 Enhanced PDSCH settings: DMRS............................................................................ 369
6.9.15 Enhanced PDSCH settings: PTRS............................................................................. 378
6.9.16 Enhanced PDSCH settings: scrambling / coding........................................................ 381
6.9.17 Antenna port configuration.......................................................................................... 385
6.9.18 Advanced settings: global........................................................................................... 387
6.9.19 Advanced settings: reference point A......................................................................... 390
6.9.20 Advanced settings: LTE-CRS coexistence..................................................................394
6.9.21 Generator control........................................................................................................ 396
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6.9.22 Input configuration.......................................................................................................402
6.9.23 Frequency configuration..............................................................................................405
6.9.24 Amplitude configuration...............................................................................................407
6.9.25 Data capture................................................................................................................412
6.9.26 Trigger.........................................................................................................................415
6.9.27 Tracking.......................................................................................................................420
6.9.28 Demodulation.............................................................................................................. 422
6.9.29 Time alignment measurement.....................................................................................425
6.9.30 Transmit on/off power measurements.........................................................................426
6.9.31 Frequency sweep measurements............................................................................... 429
6.9.32 Combined measurements........................................................................................... 432
6.10 Analysis..................................................................................................................... 438
6.10.1 General analysis tools.................................................................................................438
Contents
6.10.2 Analysis tools for I/Q measurements.......................................................................... 451
6.10.3 Analysis tools for combined measurements................................................................460
List of Commands (5G NR Downlink).............................................. 464
Index....................................................................................................476
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Contents
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1 Documentation overview

1.1 Getting started manual

Documentation overview
User manuals and help
This section provides an overview of the R&S FSV/A user documentation. Unless specified otherwise, you find the documents at:
www.rohde-schwarz.com/manual/FSVA3000
www.rohde-schwarz.com/manual/FSV3000
Further documents are available at:
www.rohde-schwarz.com/product/FSVA3000
www.rohde-schwarz.com/product/FSV3000
Introduces the R&S FSV/A and describes how to set up and start working with the product. Includes basic operations, typical measurement examples, and general infor­mation, e.g. safety instructions, etc.
A printed version is delivered with the instrument. A PDF version is available for down­load on the Internet.

1.2 User manuals and help

Separate user manuals are provided for the base unit and the firmware applications:
●
Base unit manual Contains the description of all instrument modes and functions. It also provides an introduction to remote control, a complete description of the remote control com­mands with programming examples, and information on maintenance, instrument interfaces and error messages. Includes the contents of the getting started manual.
●
Firmware application manual Contains the description of the specific functions of a firmware application, includ­ing remote control commands. Basic information on operating the R&S FSV/A is not included.
The contents of the user manuals are available as help in the R&S FSV/A. The help offers quick, context-sensitive access to the complete information for the base unit and the firmware applications.
All user manuals are also available for download or for immediate display on the Inter­net.
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1.3 Service manual

1.4 Instrument security procedures

Documentation overview
Release notes and open-source acknowledgment (OSA)
Describes the performance test for checking the rated specifications, module replace­ment and repair, firmware update, troubleshooting and fault elimination, and contains mechanical drawings and spare part lists.
The service manual is available for registered users on the global Rohde & Schwarz information system (GLORIS):
R&S®FSVA3000/FSV3000 Service manual
Deals with security issues when working with the R&S FSV/A in secure areas. It is available for download on the Internet.

1.5 Printed safety instructions

Provides safety information in many languages. The printed document is delivered with the product.

1.6 Data sheets and brochures

The data sheet contains the technical specifications of the R&S FSV/A. It also lists the firmware applications and their order numbers, and optional accessories.
The brochure provides an overview of the instrument and deals with the specific char­acteristics.
See www.rohde-schwarz.com/brochure-datasheet/FSV3000 /
www.rohde-schwarz.com/brochure-datasheet/FSVA3000

1.7 Release notes and open-source acknowledgment (OSA)

The release notes list new features, improvements and known issues of the current firmware version, and describe the firmware installation.
The software makes use of several valuable open source software packages. An open­source acknowledgment document provides verbatim license texts of the used open source software.
See www.rohde-schwarz.com/firmware/FSV3000 /
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1.8 Application notes, application cards, white papers,
Documentation overview

Application notes, application cards, white papers, etc.

www.rohde-schwarz.com/firmware/FSVA3000
etc.
These documents deal with special applications or background information on particu­lar topics.
See www.rohde-schwarz.com/application/FSV3000 /
www.rohde-schwarz.com/application/FSVA3000
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2 Welcome to the 5G NR measurement appli-

Welcome to the 5G NR measurement application

Overview of the 5G NR applications
cation
The 5G NR application is a firmware application that adds functionality to measure sig­nals according to the 3GPP 5G NR (new radio) standard on the downlink to the R&S FSV/A.
Bandwidth of 5G NR signals
5G NR signals have a bandwidth between 5 MHz and 400 MHz. Measuring signals greater than 10 MHz requires an R&S FSV/A with one of the
optional bandwidth extensions (28 MHz or more).
This user manual contains a description of the functionality that the application pro­vides, including remote control operation. Functions that are not discussed in this man­ual are the same as in the spectrum application and are described in the R&S FSV/A user manual. The latest versions of the manuals are available for download at the product homepage.
https://www.rohde-schwarz.com/manual/fsv3000
● Overview of the 5G NR applications....................................................................... 12
● Installation...............................................................................................................14
● 5G NR measurement application selection.............................................................14
● Display information..................................................................................................14

2.1 Overview of the 5G NR applications

You can equip the R&S FSV/A with one or more NR 5G applications. Each of the appli­cations provides functionality for specific measurement tasks.
R&S FSV3-K144
The R&S FSV3-K144 is designed to measure NR 5G signals on the downlink.
The application supports features up to 3GPP release 15.
●
Basic signal characteristics (like multiple component carriers, frequency ranges and channel bandwidths).
●
(Automatic) demodulation and configuration of the PDSCH and synchronization signal (SS/PBCH).
●
Configuration and analysis of multiple frames and bandwidth parts (multi-numerol­ogy).
●
Configuration and analysis of special downlink channels and reference signals (like the PDCCH, the CSI-RS or the PT-RS).
●
Configuration and analysis of various demodulation reference signals.
●
Mapping of channels to different antenna ports.
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Welcome to the 5G NR measurement application
Overview of the 5G NR applications
●
LTE coexistance analysis.
●
Synchronization of the configuration with a connected Rohde & Schwarz signal generator.
●
Tools to refine and filter the measurement results.
●
Various result displays that show the measured signal characteristics in a diagram or a numeric result table.
●
Available measurements: EVM, ACLR, SEM, time alignment and on / off power.
R&S FSV3-K145
The R&S FSV3-K145 is designed to measure NR 5G signals on the uplink.
The application supports features up to 3GPP release 15.
●
Basic signal characteristics (like multiple component carriers, frequency ranges and channel bandwidths).
●
(Automatic) demodulation and configuration of the PUSCH.
●
Configuration and analysis of multiple frames and bandwidth parts (multi-numerol­ogy).
●
Configuration and analysis of special uplink channels and reference signals (like the PUCCH, the PRACH, the SRS or the PT-RS).
●
Configuration and analysis of various demodulation reference signals.
●
Mapping of channels to different antenna ports.
●
Synchronization of the configuration with a connected Rohde & Schwarz signal generator.
●
Tools to refine and filter the measurement results.
●
Various result displays that show the measured signal characteristics in a diagram or a numeric result table.
●
Available measurements: EVM, ACLR and SEM.
R&S FSV3-K147
The R&S FSV3-K147 is designed to combine different 5G NR measurements in a sin­gle measurement sequence, either on the downlink or on the uplink.
Note that this application requires the R&S FSV3-K144 or -K145.
The application supports the following features.
●
Combined analysis of EVM, ACLR and SEM in a single application.
●
Automatic measurement of multiple, subsequent events with a single analyzer.
●
Increased measurement speed due to optimized measurement methods.
●
Advanced trigger configuration.
●
Extended functionality of the result displays that reflect the measurement sequence.
R&S FSV3-K148
The R&S FSV3-K148 extends the functionality of the base application with features introduced with 3GPP release 16.
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2.2 Installation

Welcome to the 5G NR measurement application
Display information
Note that this application requires the R&S FSV3-K144 or -K145.
Release 16 features include:
●
Configuration of DCI parameters.
●
Configuration and analysis of the PRS.
●
New operating bands, slot formats (for IAB) and test models introduced with release 16.
●
New channel bandwidth introduced with release 16 (70 MHz).
●
Increased PDSCH DMRS length.
●
Increaed number of SS/PBCH blocks to support shared spectrum access.
Find detailed installation instructions in the getting started or the release notes of the R&S FSV/A.

2.3 5G NR measurement application selection

The 5G NR measurement application adds a new application to the R&S FSV/A.
Starting the application
1. Press the [MODE] key on the front panel of the R&S FSV/A.
A dialog box opens that contains all operating modes and applications currently available on your R&S FSV/A.
2. Select the "5G NR" item.
The R&S FSV/A opens a new measurement channel for the 5G NR measurement application.
The measurement is started immediately with the default settings. It can be configured in the "Overview" dialog box, which is displayed when you select the "Overview" soft­key from any menu.

2.4 Display information

The following figure shows a measurement diagram during analyzer operation. All dif­ferent information areas are labeled. They are explained in more detail in the following sections.
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Welcome to the 5G NR measurement application
Display information
1 2 3 7 8
1 = Toolbar 2 = Channel bar 3 = Diagram header 4 = Result display 5 = Subwindows (Views) 6 = Subwindow header 7 = Status bar 8 = Softkeys
4
5 6
Channel bar information
In the 5G NR measurement application, the R&S FSV/A shows the following settings:
Table 2-1: Information displayed in the channel bar in the 5G NR measurement application
Ref Level Reference level.
Att Mechanical and electronic RF attenuation.
Inp: File Freq Frequency for I/Q file input.
Freq Frequency for other input sources (RF etc.).
Mode* 5G NR mode (link direction and channel bandwidth).
Frame Count* The first number represents the number of frames that have already been
captured. The second number represents the total number of frames that will be
captured. The third number in brackets represents the number of frames currently in
the capture buffer.
Capture Time Signal length that has been captured.
Frame Selected frame number.
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Welcome to the 5G NR measurement application
Display information
BWP/SS* Shows the signal part for which results are displayed (evaluation range).
SS = synchronization signal BWP = bandwidth part
View<x> Information about the contents of View 1 and View 2.
Select the button for access to the dialog box for view configuration.
SGL Indicates that single sweep measurement is active.
Auto Demod Once Select the button to start automatic signal demodulation.
Consecutive CC Meas Number of component carriers that are measured; the numbers in paren-
theses indicate the number of component carriers that are analyzed in a single capture.
Example: 8 (3 / 3 / 2) means that 8 component carriers are analyzed in three consecutive data captures. The first two data captures analyze the first 6 component carriers (3 CCs each), while the last data capture ana­lyzes the last 2 component carriers.
*If you capture more than one data stream (for example several component carriers), the R&S FSV/A shows two values separated by a slash. The first number corresponds to the first analyzed data stream, the second number to the second analyzed data stream.
The channel bar also displays information on instrument settings that affect the mea­surement results even though this is not immediately apparent from the display of the measured values (for example transducer or trigger settings). This information is dis­played only when applicable for the current measurement. For details, see the R&S FSV/A getting started manual.
Diagram header
The information in the diagram header depends on the result display.
●
All diagrams show the window number and type of result display.
●
Most diagrams contain trace information.
●
Some diagrams contain controls to customize the diagram contents. The diagram header of the "Allocation Summary", for example, contains a control to select which columns are displayed.
●
If you analyze multiple component carriers or frames, the diagram header shows which CC or frame is analyzed.
Status bar information
Global instrument settings, the instrument status and any irregularities are indicated in the status bar beneath the diagram. Furthermore, the progress of the current operation is displayed in the status bar.
Regarding the synchronization state, the application shows the following labels.
●
"Sync OK" The synchronization was successful. The status bar is green.
●
"Sync Failed" The synchronization was not successful. The status bar is red. If you are measuring several component carriers, the message also indicates which component carrier could not be synchronized.
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3 Measurements and result displays

Measurements and result displays
Selecting measurements
The 5G NR measurement application measures and analyzes various aspects of a 5G NR signal.
The application provides several measurements and result displays.
●
Measurements capture and analyze the signal in a different way.
●
Result displays are different representations of the measurement results. They are either diagrams that show the results as a graph or tables that show the results as numbers.
Remote command:
Measurement selection: CONFigure[:NR5G]:MEASurement on page 290
Result display selection: LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 216
● Selecting measurements.........................................................................................17
● Selecting result displays..........................................................................................19
● Performing measurements......................................................................................19
● Result summary...................................................................................................... 20
● I/Q measurements...................................................................................................27
● Time alignment error...............................................................................................43
● Transmit on / off power measurement.....................................................................46
● Frequency sweep measurements...........................................................................51
● Combined measurements.......................................................................................59
● Reference: custom limits.........................................................................................62
● Reference: 3GPP test scenarios.............................................................................63

3.1 Selecting measurements

Access: "Overview" > "Select Measurement"
The "Select Measurement" dialog box contains several buttons. Each button repre­sents a measurement. A measurement in turn is a set of result displays that themati­cally belong together and that have a particular display configuration. If these prede­fined display configurations do not suit your requirements, you can add or remove result displays as you like. For more information about selecting result displays, see
Chapter 3.2, "Selecting result displays", on page 19.
Depending on the measurement, the R&S FSV/A changes the way it captures and pro­cesses the raw signal data.
EVM
EVM measurements record, process and demodulate the signal's I/Q data. The result displays available for EVM measurements show various aspects of the 5G NR signal quality.
For EVM measurements, you can combine the result displays in any way.
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Measurements and result displays
Selecting measurements
For more information on the result displays, see Chapter 3.5, "I/Q measurements", on page 27.
Remote command:
CONFigure[:NR5G]:MEASurement on page 290
Time alignment error
Time alignment error (TAE) measurements record, process and demodulate the sig­nal's I/Q data. The result displays available for TAE measurements indicate how well the antennas in a multi-antenna system are aligned.
For TAE measurements, you can combine the result displays in any way. For more information on the result displays, see Chapter 3.6, "Time alignment error",
on page 43. Remote command:
CONFigure[:NR5G]:MEASurement on page 290
Transmit on / off power
Transmit on / off power measurements record and process the signal's I/Q data without demodulating the data. The result displays available for transmit on / off power mea­surements show various aspects of the transition from on to off power.
For transmit on / off power measurements, you can combine the result displays in any way.
For more information on the result displays, see Chapter 3.7, "Transmit on / off power
measurement", on page 46.
Remote command:
CONFigure[:NR5G]:MEASurement on page 290
Combined EVM / ACLR / SEM
Combined measurements are a sequence of individual measurements that evaluate the EVM, ACLR and / or SEM of a DUT.
For more information on the result displays, see Chapter 3.9, "Combined measure-
ments", on page 59.
Channel power ACLR
(inludes multi carrier ACLR and cumulative ACLR measurements) ACLR measurements sweep the frequency spectrum instead of processing I/Q data. The ACLR measurements evaluates the leakage ratio of neighboring channels and
evaluates if the signal is within the defined limits. The measurement provides several result displays. You can combine the result displays in any way.
For more information on the result displays, see Chapter 3.8, "Frequency sweep mea-
surements", on page 51.
Remote command:
CONFigure[:NR5G]:MEASurement on page 290
SEM
(inlcudes multi carrier SEM measurements) SEM measurements sweep the frequency spectrum instead of processing I/Q data.
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3.2 Selecting result displays

Measurements and result displays
Performing measurements
The SEM measurements tests the signal against a spectrum emission mask and eval­uates if the signal is within the defined limits. The measurement provides several result displays. You can combine the result displays in any way.
For more information on the result displays, see Chapter 3.8, "Frequency sweep mea-
surements", on page 51.
Remote command:
CONFigure[:NR5G]:MEASurement on page 290
Access:
The R&S FSV/A opens a menu (the SmartGrid) to select result displays. For more information on the SmartGrid functionality, see the R&S FSV/A Getting Started.
In the default state of the application, it shows several conventional result displays.
●
Capture Buffer
●
EVM vs Carrier
●
Power Spectrum
●
Result Summary
●
Alloc ID vs Symbol x Carrier
●
Constellation Diagram
From that predefined state, add and remove result displays as you like from the Smart­Grid menu.
Remote command: LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 216

3.3 Performing measurements

By default, the application measures the signal continuously. In "Continuous Sweep" mode, the R&S FSV/A captures and analyzes the data again and again.
●
For I/Q measurements, the amount of captured data depends on the capture time.
●
For frequency sweep measurement, the amount of captured data depends on the sweep time.
In "Single Sweep" mode, the R&S FSV/A stops measuring after it has captured the data once. The amount of data again depends on the capture time.
Refreshing captured data
You can also repeat a measurement based on the data that has already been captured with the "Refresh" function. Repeating a measurement with the same data can be use­ful, for example, if you want to apply different modulation settings to the same I/Q data.
For more information, see the documentation of the R&S FSV/A.
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3.4 Result summary

Measurements and result displays
Result summary
In addition to various graphical results, the R&S FSV/A provides a numerical result summary for I/Q measurements. The result summary shows a multitude of results that indicate the signal quality, combined in one table.
The result summary is split into several parts.
●
Frame statistics, which evaluate the metrics of the resource elements in a complete frame. Results are averaged over frames.
●
Slot and subframe statistics, which evaluate metrics of the resource elements in a single slot or subframe. Results are averaged over slots / subframes.
If you are using different numerologies, the R&S FSV/A first averages all slots with the same numerology, before calculating the overall mean value.
Each row in the table corresponds to a certain metric or result parameter. You can add
or remove results you want to display as necessary.
By default, the R&S FSV/A evaluates the results over all captured frames, bandwidth parts, subframes and slots. For most results, the result summary therefore contains a mean (average), maximum and minimum value.
Limit check
The R&S FSV/A also tests several results against limits, if 3GPP has defined limits for a result. Limits are only evaluated if the signal complies to the 3GPP specification regarding the number of analyzed frames and the results are averaged over all frames.
Depending on the limit test, the results are highlighted.
●
If one of the results passes the limit, the value is highlighted green.
●
If one of the results violates the limit, the value is highlighted red.
●
Results that are not evaluated are not highlighted in a color.
For some results you can define custom limits. For more information, see Chap-
ter 3.10, "Reference: custom limits", on page 62.
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You can check if a result supports limit evaluation in the result descriptions below. The result descriptions also indicate special behavior of the limit check.
Evaluation range and multiple frame analysis
The evaluation range selects the way the results are evaluated and which values are displayed.
For the frame statistics, the evaluation range is irrelevant. However, you can select a specific frame that you want to analyze.
●
Select "Frame Averaged" in the result summary header to display the average result over all analyzed frames. The average results relate to all frames, not just those in the capture buffer. The table also shows the minimum and maximum values over the analyzed frames.
●
Select "Selected Frame" in the result summary header to display the results for a
single frame.
If you analyze a single frame, the mean, minimum and maximum values are the same.
For the slot statistics and subframe statistics, the effects of the evaluation range are as follows.
●
Select "Frame Averaged" in the result summary header to display the average results over all analyzed slots in all analyzed frames. The average results relate to all frames, not just those in the capture buffer. The table also shows the minimum and maximum values found in the analyzed frames. When you select a specific BWP, subframe or slot while in "Frame Averaged" mode, the R&S FSV/A automatically selects "Selected Frame" mode.
●
Select "Selected Frame" in the result summary header to display the results over all analyzed slots in a single frame. The analyzed frame depends on the frame you have selected. In this case, you can filter the evaluation range as you like.
Examples: – If you select a specific BWP: the R&S FSV/A takes the average over all slots in
the selected BWP.
– If you select a specific subframe: the R&S FSV/A takes the average over all
slots in the selected subframe.
– If you select a specific slot: the R&S FSV/A shows the result for that slot.
Note that selecting a specific slot for the subframe results (frequency and sam­pling error) will not make a difference, because those results are always calcu­lated over a complete subframe.
The current evaluation range is indicated in the header row of the slot statistics.
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Result summary
Multiple carrier analysis
For measurements on multiple carriers, the contents of the result summary depend on your configuration, especially the CC result setting.
●
Select "CC Result" = "All" to display information about all component carriers, regardless of the number of component carriers.
– The "All" tab shows the average results for all component carriers. Each col-
umn in the table corresponds to one component carrier.
– The "View <x>" tabs show the detailed results for the component carriers
assigned to the two views.
●
Select "CC Result" = "Viewed" to display information about the component carriers assigned to the two views.
– The "All" tab shows the average results for the two selected component carri-
ers. Depending on your selection in the result summary header, the results are either averaged over all frames, or relate to a single frame.
– The "View <x>" tabs show the detailed results for the component carriers
assigned to the two views. Depending on your selection in the result summary header, the results are either averaged over all frames, or relate to a single, selected frame. If you analyze only one frame, the results are the same in both cases.
Note that analyzing all component carriers is slower compared analyzing the viewed component carriers, because of the post-processing that occurs during the analysis. Thus, if time is an issue, you can select two component carriers to analyze, and, if you are later interested in the characteristics of another component carrier, analyze that component carrier later (the data of the other carriers is available, just not analyzed).
Units
Most of the units of the results are fixed.
The unit of the EVM results depends on the selected EVM unit.
Remote queries.............................................................................................................23
EVM PDSCH.................................................................................................................23
BLER (%)...................................................................................................................... 23
TPUT (%)...................................................................................................................... 24
Frame Start Offset.........................................................................................................24
EVM All......................................................................................................................... 24
EVM Peak..................................................................................................................... 24
EVM Phys Channel.......................................................................................................24
EVM Phys Signal.......................................................................................................... 25
Frequency Error............................................................................................................ 25
Sampling Error.............................................................................................................. 25
Power............................................................................................................................25
I/Q Offset.......................................................................................................................25
I/Q Gain Imbalance....................................................................................................... 25
I/Q Quadrature Error..................................................................................................... 26
Crest Factor.................................................................................................................. 26
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OSTP............................................................................................................................ 26
RSTP.............................................................................................................................26
RSRP............................................................................................................................ 26
Remote queries
The remote commands to query individual results and limit check results are indicated in the description of the respective result.
Alternatively, you can query all results or limit check results at the same time using a single command.
Remote command: Results: FETCh[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:ALL? on page 230 Limit check: CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:
FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:ALL:RESult? on page 254
EVM PDSCH
Shows the EVM for all PDSCH resource elements with a certain modulation in the ana­lyzed frame (QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM, 256QAM).
Limit evaluation supported.
Remote command: QPSK: FETCh[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:EVM:DSQP[:
AVERage]? on page 233
16QAM: FETCh[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:EVM:DSST[:
AVERage]? on page 235
64QAM: FETCh[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:EVM:DSSF[:
AVERage]? on page 234
256QAM: FETCh[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:EVM:
DSTS[:AVERage]? on page 235
Limit check QPSK: CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:
FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:EVM:DSQP[:AVERage]:RESult? on page 254
Limit check 16QAM: CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:
FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:EVM:DSST[:AVERage]:RESult? on page 255
Limit check 64QAM: CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:
FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:EVM:DSSF[:AVERage]:RESult? on page 255
Limit check 256QAM: CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:
FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:EVM:DSTS[:AVERage]:RESult? on page 256
BLER (%)
Shows the block error rate (BLER) for all code blocks used by the PDSCH as a per­centage. The BLER is the ratio of the number of erroneously transmitted code blocks to all code blocks in the analyzed frame.
Note that the result is only calculated if the number of bits per code block is identical for all allocations.
To see the BLER results, you have turn on the throughput measurement. Remote command:
FETCh[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:BLER[:AVERage]?
on page 232
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Result summary
TPUT (%)
Shows the throughput for all code blocks used by the PDSCH. The BLER is the ratio of the number of successfully transmitted code blocks to all code blocks in the analyzed frame.
Note that the result is only calculated if the number of bits per code block is identical for all allocations.
To see the throughput results, you have turn on the throughput measurement. Remote command:
FETCh[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:TPUT[:AVERage]?
on page 246
Frame Start Offset
Shows the start of the frame relative to the start of the capture buffer. Unavailable for "Frame Averaged" results, otherwise refers to the selected frame. Remote command:
FETCh[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>]:SUMMary:TFRame? on page 248
EVM All
Shows the EVM for all resource elements in the selected evaluation range. The result is a weighted average over all resource elements (PDSCH, DMRS etc.).
The number of occupied resource blocks and the number of used symbols of each allocation is taken into account in the calculation of the mean EVM. Therefore, a fully loaded PDSCH across multiple symbols gets a much higher weight than a single sym­bol DMRS.
Remote command:
FETCh[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:EVM[:ALL][: AVERage]? on page 233
EVM Peak
Shows the EVM of the resource element with the highest EVM value in the selected evaluation range.
Unavailable for combined measurements. Remote command:
FETCh[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:EVM:PEAK[: AVERage]? on page 237
EVM Phys Channel
Shows the EVM for all physical channel resource elements in the selected evaluation range.
A physical channel corresponds to a set of resource elements carrying information from higher layers. PDSCH, PUSCH, PBCH or PDCCH, for example, are physical channels.
Remote command:
FETCh[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:EVM:PCHannel[: AVERage]? on page 236
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EVM Phys Signal
Shows the EVM for all physical signal resource elements in the selected evaluation range.
The reference signal is a physical signal, for example.
Frequency Error
Shows the difference in the measured center frequency and the reference center fre­quency.
The frequency error is calculated over a subframe.
Limits are evaluated if you turn on the limit check.
The R&S FSV/A checks the measured frequency error against the limits defined by 3GPP. The values are highlighted green (pass) or red (fail) respectively. The color of the mean value indicates the overall limit check passes or fails. Note that if you evalu­ate a single subframe only, the minimum, maximum and mean values are the same.
The limit values depend on the base station category. Remote command:
Result: FETCh[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:FERRor[:
AVERage]? on page 238
Limit check: CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:
FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:EVM:FERRor[:AVERage]:RESult? on page 257
Sampling Error
Shows the difference in measured symbol clock and reference symbol clock relative to the system sampling rate.
The sampling error is calculated over a subframe. Remote command:
FETCh[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:SERRor[:AVERage]?
on page 244
Power
Shows the average time domain power for all resource elements in the selected evalu­ation range.
Remote command:
FETCh[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:POWer[:AVERage]?
on page 241
I/Q Offset
Shows the power at spectral line 0 normalized to the total transmitted power. Not available for multiple BWPs. Remote command:
FETCh[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:IQOFfset[: AVERage]? on page 239
I/Q Gain Imbalance
Shows the logarithm of the gain ratio between the Q-channel and the I-channel. Not available for multiple BWPs and only calculated if you turn on the calculation.
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Remote command:
FETCh[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:GIMBalance[: AVERage]? on page 239
I/Q Quadrature Error
Shows the measure of the phase angle between Q-channel and I-channel deviating from the ideal 90 degrees.
Not available for multiple BWPs and only calculated if you turn on the calculation.
Crest Factor
Shows the peak-to-average power ratio of the captured signal. Remote command:
FETCh[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>]:SUMMary:CRESt[:AVERage]? on page 230
OSTP
Shows the OFDM symbol transmit power. The result is the average power of all OFDM symbols that carry PDSCH and not con-
taining PDCCH, RS or SSB within a slot. Not available for multiple BWPs. Remote command:
FETCh[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:OSTP[:AVERage]?
on page 240
RSTP
Shows the reference signal transmit power. The result is an average over all PDSCH DMRS within a frame. For the calculation, the
R&S FSV/A first averages all DMRS in each slot, and then averages this value over all slots in a frame.
Remote command:
FETCh[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:RSTP[:AVERage]?
on page 243
RSRP
Shows the reference signal receive power for the CSI reference signal (CSI-RSRP) and the second synchonization reference signal (SS-RSRP) as defined in 3GPP
38.215. It is an average power over all resource elements that carry the CSI or SS reference
signal. Remote command:
CSI-RSRP: FETCh[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:RSRP:
CSI[:AVERage]? on page 242
SS-RSRP: FETCh[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:RSRP:
SS[:AVERage]? on page 243
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3.5 I/Q measurements

Measurements and result displays
I/Q measurements
Access: [MEAS] > "EVM/Frequency Err/Power"
For I/Q measurements, the R&S FSV/A captures and then analyzes the demodulated I/Q data. I/Q measurements provide various result displays that show different aspects and characteristics of the captured signal.
You can select the result displays from the evaluation bar and arrange them as you like with the SmartGrid functionality.
Remote command:
Measurement selection: CONFigure[:NR5G]:MEASurement on page 290
Result display selection: LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 216
Capture Buffer...............................................................................................................27
EVM vs Carrier..............................................................................................................28
EVM vs Symbol.............................................................................................................29
EVM vs RB....................................................................................................................30
Frequency Error vs Symbol...........................................................................................30
Frequency Error vs Subframe.......................................................................................31
Power Spectrum............................................................................................................32
Flatness.........................................................................................................................32
CCDF............................................................................................................................ 33
Constellation Diagram...................................................................................................34
Allocation Summary...................................................................................................... 34
Channel Decoder Results............................................................................................. 35
Bitstream.......................................................................................................................36
EVM vs Symbol x Carrier..............................................................................................38
Power vs Symbol x Carrier............................................................................................38
Allocation ID vs Symbol x Carrier..................................................................................38
RS Magnitude............................................................................................................... 39
RS Phase......................................................................................................................40
RS Phase Difference.....................................................................................................40
Beamforming Summary................................................................................................ 41
Marker Table................................................................................................................. 42
Capture Buffer
The "Capture Buffer" shows the complete range of captured data for the last data cap­ture.
The x-axis represents time. The maximum value of the x-axis is equal to the Capture
Time.
The y-axis represents the amplitude of the captured I/Q data in dBm (for RF input). The capture buffer uses the auto peak detector to evaluate the measurement data. The
auto peak detector determines the maximum and the minimum value of the measured levels for each measurement point and combines both values in one sample point.
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Figure 3-1: Capture buffer without zoom
A green bar at the bottom of the diagram represents the frame that is currently ana­lyzed.
A green vertical line at the beginning of the green bar in the capture buffer represents the frame start. The diagram also contains the "Start Offset" value. This value is the time difference between the frame start and capture buffer start.
The header of the "Capture Buffer" result display contains an "I/Q Export" button that allows you to export I/Q data easily.
Remote command: Selection: LAY:ADD ? '1',LEFT,CBUF Query (y-axis): TRACe:DATA? Query (x-axis): TRACe<n>[:DATA]:X? on page 289 Frame start offset: FETCh[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>]:SUMMary:TFRame? on page 248
EVM vs Carrier
The "EVM vs Carrier" result display shows the error vector magnitude (EVM) of the subcarriers. With the help of a marker, you can use it as a debugging technique to identify any subcarriers whose EVM is too high.
The results are based on an average EVM that is calculated over the resource ele­ments for each subcarrier. This average subcarrier EVM is determined for each ana­lyzed slot in the capture buffer.
The contents of the result display depend on the evaluation range.
●
If you analyze all synchronization signals (SS) and bandwidth parts (BWP), the result display contains one trace for the synchronization signal and a variable num­ber of traces that represent the bandwidth parts. The traces show the average EVM of the corresponding signal part. The diagram header contains a legend that shows the information that each trace carries.
●
If you analyze only the synchronization signal, one specific bandwidth part, or a single subframe, the diagram contains three traces. The traces show the following information. – The average subcarrier EVM over all slots in the selected signal part. – The lowest subcarrier EVM over all slots in the selected signal part. – The highest subcarrier EVM over all slots in the selected signal part.
●
If you analyze only a single slot, the diagram contains one trace. That trace shows the subcarrier EVM for that slot only. Average, minimum and maximum values in that case are the same.
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The x-axis represents the center frequencies of the subcarriers. The y-axis shows the EVM in % or in dB, depending on the EVM Unit.
Remote command: Selection LAY:ADD ? '1',LEFT,EVCA Query (y-axis): TRACe:DATA? Query (x-axis): TRACe<n>[:DATA]:X? on page 289
EVM vs Symbol
The "EVM vs Symbol" result display shows the error vector magnitude (EVM) of the OFDM symbols. You can use it as a debugging technique to identify any symbols whose EVM is too high.
The results are based on an average EVM that is calculated over the resource ele­ments for each subcarrier. This average subcarrier EVM is determined for each ana­lyzed slot in the capture buffer.
The contents of the result display depend on the evaluation range.
●
If you analyze all synchronization signals (SS) and bandwidth parts (BWP), the result display contains one trace for the synchronization signal and a variable num­ber of traces that represent the bandwidth parts. The diagram header contains a legend that shows the information that each trace carries.
●
If you analyze only the synchronization signal, one specific bandwidth part, a single subframe or a single slot, the diagram contains one trace. That trace shows the average EVM of the symbols in the selected signal part.
The x-axis represents the OFDM symbols, with each symbol represented by a dot on the line. Any missing connections from one dot to another mean that the R&S FSV/A could not determine the EVM for that symbol.
On the y-axis, the EVM is plotted either in % or in dB, depending on the EVM Unit.
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Remote command: Selection: LAY:ADD ? '1',LEFT,EVSY Query (y-axis): TRACe:DATA? Query (x-axis): TRACe<n>[:DATA]:X? on page 289
EVM vs RB
The "EVM vs RB" result display shows the Error Vector Magnitude (EVM) for all resource blocks that can be occupied by the PDSCH.
The contents of the result display depend on the evaluation range.
●
If you analyze all synchronization signals (SS) and bandwidth parts (BWP), the result display contains one trace for the synchronization signal and a variable num­ber of traces that represent the bandwidth parts. The traces show the average EVM of the corresponding signal part. The diagram header contains a legend that shows the information that each trace carries.
●
If you analyze only the synchronization signal, one specific bandwidth part, or a single subframe, the diagram contains three traces. The traces show the following information. – The average subcarrier EVM over all slots in the selected signal part. – The lowest subcarrier EVM over all slots in the selected signal part. – The highest subcarrier EVM over all slots in the selected signal part.
●
If you analyze only a single slot, the diagram contains one trace. That trace shows the subcarrier EVM for that slot only. Average, minimum and maximum values in that case are the same.
If you select and analyze one subframe only, the result display contains one trace that shows the resource block EVM for that subframe only. Average, minimum and maxi­mum values in that case are the same. For more information, see "Subframe Selec-
tion" on page 199.
The x-axis represents the PDSCH resource blocks. On the y-axis, the EVM is plotted either in % or in dB, depending on the EVM Unit.
Remote command: Selection: LAY:ADD ? '1',LEFT,EVRB Query (y-axis): TRACe:DATA? Query (x-axis): TRACe<n>[:DATA]:X? on page 289
Frequency Error vs Symbol
Th e "Frequency Error vs Symbol" result display shows the frequency error of each symbol. You can use it as a debugging technique to identify any frequency errors within symbols.
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The result is an average over all subcarriers in the symbol. The contents of the result display depend on the evaluation range.
●
If you analyze all synchronization signals (SS) and bandwidth parts (BWP), the result display contains one trace for the synchronization signal and a variable num­ber of traces that represent the bandwidth parts. The diagram header contains a legend that shows the information that each trace carries.
●
If you analyze only the synchronization signal, one specific bandwidth part, a single subframe or a single slot, the diagram contains one trace. That trace shows the average frequency error of the symbols in the selected signal part.
The x-axis represents the OFDM symbols, with each symbol represented by a dot on the line. The number of displayed symbols depends on the subframe selection. Any missing connections from one dot to another mean that the R&S FSV/A could not determine the frequency error for that symbol.
On the y-axis, the frequency error is plotted in Hz. Note that the variance of the measurement results in this result display can be much
higher compared to the frequency error display in the numerical result summary, depending on the PDSCH and control channel configuration. The potential difference is caused by the number of available resource elements for the measurement on symbol level.
Remote command: Selection: LAY:ADD ? '1',LEFT,FEVS Query (y-axis): TRACe:DATA? Query (x-axis): TRACe<n>[:DATA]:X? on page 289
Frequency Error vs Subframe
The "Frequency Error vs Subframe" result display shows the frequency error of each subframe. You can use it as a debugging technique to identify any frequency errors among subframes.
The result is an average over all subcarriers and symbols of each subframe. The contents of the result display depend on the evaluation range.
●
If you analyze all synchronization signals (SS) and bandwidth parts (BWP), the result display contains one trace for the synchronization signal and a variable num­ber of traces that represent the bandwidth parts. The diagram header contains a legend that shows the information that each trace carries.
●
If you analyze only the synchronization signal or one specific bandwidth part, the diagram contains one trace. That trace shows the average frequency error of the
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subframes in the selected signal part. Selecting a specific subframe or slot from the evaluation range has no effects on the contents of the diagram.
The x-axis represents the subframes, with each of the nine subframes represented by a dot on the line.
On the y-axis, the frequency error is plotted in Hz.
Remote command: Selection: LAY:ADD ? '1',LEFT,FEVS Query (y-axis): TRACe:DATA? Query (x-axis): TRACe<n>[:DATA]:X? on page 289
Power Spectrum
The "Power Spectrum" shows the power density of the complete capture buffer in dBm/Hz.
The displayed bandwidth depends on the channel bandwidth. The x-axis represents the frequency. On the y-axis, the power level is plotted.
Remote command: Selection: LAY:ADD ? '1',LEFT,PSPE Query (y-axis): TRACe:DATA? Query (x-axis): TRACe<n>[:DATA]:X? on page 289
Flatness
The "Channel Flatness" result shows the relative power offset caused by the transmit channel for each subcarrier.
The contents of the result display depend on the evaluation range.
●
If you analyze all synchronization signals (SS) and bandwidth parts (BWP), the result display contains one trace for the synchronization signal and a variable num­ber of traces that represent the bandwidth parts. The traces show the average flat-
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ness of the corresponding signal part. The diagram header contains a legend that shows the information that each trace carries.
●
If you analyze only the synchronization signal, one specific bandwidth part, a spe­cific frame or a single subframe, the diagram contains three traces. The traces show the following information. – The average subcarrier flatness over all slots in the selected signal part. – The lowest subcarrier flatness over all slots in the selected signal part. – The highest subcarrier flatness over all slots in the selected signal part.
●
If you analyze only a single slot, the diagram contains one trace. That trace shows the subcarrier flatness for that slot only. Average, minimum and maximum values in that case are the same.
The x-axis represents the frequency. On the y-axis, the channel flatness is plotted in dB.
Remote command: Selecting the result display: LAY:ADD ? '1',LEFT,FLAT Querying results:
TRACe:DATA?
TRACe<n>[:DATA]:X? on page 289
CCDF
The "Complementary Cumulative Distribution Function (CCDF)" shows the probability of an amplitude exceeding the mean power. For the measurement, the complete cap­ture buffer is used.
The x-axis represents the power relative to the measured mean power. On the y-axis, the probability is plotted in %.
In addition to the diagram, the results for the CCDF measurement are summarized in the CCDF table.
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Mean Mean power
Peak Peak power
Crest Crest factor (peak power – mean power)
10 % 10 % probability that the level exceeds mean power + [x] dB
1 % 1 % probability that the level exceeds mean power + [x] dB
0.1 % 0.1 % probability that the level exceeds mean power + [x] dB
0.01 % 0.01 % probability that the level exceeds mean power + [x] dB
Remote command: Selection: LAY:ADD ? '1',LEFT,CCDF Query (y-axis): TRACe:DATA? Numerical results: CALCulate<n>:STATistics:CCDF:X<t>? on page 252 Numerical results: CALCulate<n>:STATistics:RESult<res>? on page 252
Constellation Diagram
The "Constellation Diagram" shows the in-phase and quadrature phase results and is an indicator of the quality of the modulation of the signal.
In the default state, the result display evaluates the full range of the measured input data.
Each color represents a modulation type.
●
●
●
●
●
: RBPSK : QPSK : 16QAM : 64QAM : 256QAM
You can filter the results by changing the evaluation range.
The constellation diagram shows the number of points that are displayed in the dia­gram.
Remote command: Selection: LAY:ADD ? '1',LEFT,CONS Query: TRACe:DATA?
Allocation Summary
The "Allocation Summary" shows various parameters of the measured allocations in a table.
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Measurements and result displays
I/Q measurements
Each row in the allocation table corresponds to an allocation. A set of several alloca­tions make up a slot. A horizontal line indicates the beginning of a new slot. Special allocations summarize the characteristics of all allocations in a bandwidth part ("BWP ALL") and the radio frame ("TOTAL ALL").
The "BWP ALL" and "TOTAL ALL" values are an average of all EVM values in the table. For example: (EVM PDSCH 1 + EVM PDSCH 2 + EVM PDSCH 3 + EVM DMRS) / 4. Each value has the same weight. Therefore, a fully loaded PDSCH across multiple symbols has the same weight a single symbol DMRS.
The columns of the table show the following properties for each allocation.
●
The location of the allocation (slot, subframe, bandwidth part number).
●
The ID of the allocation (channel type).
●
Number of resource blocks used by the allocation.
●
The relative power of the allocation in dB.
●
The modulation of the allocation.
●
The power of each resource element in the allocation in dBm.
●
The EVM of the allocation.
The unit depends on the EVM unit Select "TableConfig" to open a dialog box that allows you to add and remove columns. Remote command:
Selection: LAY:ADD ? '1',LEFT,ASUM Query: TRACe:DATA?
Channel Decoder Results
The "Channel Decoder" result display shows the characteristics of various channels in a specific subframe.
The size of the table thus depends on the number of subframes and the number of channels that were decoded.
The R&S FSV/A can decode the following channels, if they are present.
●
Protocol information of the PBCH.
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I/Q measurements
For each channel type, the table contains a different set of values.
●
PBCH
Information as defined in 3GPP 38.331, for example:
– The half frame index
– The system frame number
– The subcarrier spacing
– The subcarrier offset
– The DMRS Type A position
If the CRC is not valid, the R&S FSV/A shows a corresponding message instead of
the results.
●
PDCCH
Information about the DCI fields in the signal as defined by 3GPP. This includes the
field name and transmitted field values.
To decode the PDCCH, you have to demodulate the decoded payload data. Remote command:
Selecting the result display: LAY:ADD ? '1',LEFT,CDEC Querying results: TRACe:DATA?
Bitstream
The "Bitstream" shows the demodulated data stream for the data allocations. Each row in the table corresponds to an allocation (PDSCH or CORESET). A set of
several allocations make up a slot. At the end of the table is a summary of all total number of bits, total number of coded
bits, total number of bit errors and bit error rate in %. The totals are calculated over all PDSCH allocations that contribute to the bitstream. If the crc fails for one of the alloca­tions, the R&S FSV/A returns NAN for the total numbers.
The bit errors and bit error rate are displayed when the reference data is "All 0" or "PN23".
Depending on the bitstream format, the numbers represent either bits (bit order) or symbols (symbol order).
●
For the bit format, each number represents one raw bit.
●
For the symbol format, the bits that belong to one symbol are shown as hexadeci-
mal numbers with two digits.
(1024QAM: hexadecimal number with three digits) Resource elements that do not contain data or are not part of the transmission are rep-
resented by a "-".
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I/Q measurements
The table contains the following information:
●
BWP / Sf / Slot
Number of the bandwidth part, subframe and slot the bits belong to.
●
Allocation ID
Channel the bits belong to.
This is either a PDSCH, PDCCH or PBCH allocation.
If you bundle PDSCH allocations, a row combines the information for all allocations
with the same user ID.
●
Codeword
Code word of the allocation.
●
Modulation
Modulation type of the channels.
●
# Symbols / # Bits
Number of symbols in the allocation.
●
Bit Stream
The actual bit stream.
The table only shows the first few bits for each slot. If you want to see the complete
bitstream, you have to select a certain bandwidth part, subframe and slot from the
evaluation range. When you have done that, you can select "Extended" bitstream
from the header row.
Figure 3-2: Compact vs extended bitstream (symbol format for coded data)
In the extended display, the "# Symbols" / "# Bits" column turns into the "Bit Index"
or "Symbol Index" column, which indicates the position of the table row's first bit or
symbol within the complete stream.
If you decode the payload data, the R&S FSV/A shows the number of coded bits (#
symbols * Number of bits per symbol) and the number of bit errors at the end of the
bitstream. The number of info bits transmitted by the PDCCH is displayed in a dedi-
cated column ("# Bits"). Remote command:
Selection: LAY:ADD ? '1',LEFT,BSTR Query: TRACe:DATA?
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I/Q measurements
EVM vs Symbol x Carrier
The "EVM vs Symbol x Carrier" result display shows the EVM for each carrier in each symbol.
The x-axis represents the symbols. The y-axis represents the subcarriers. Different col­ors in the diagram area represent the EVM. A color map in the diagram header indi­cates the corresponding power levels.
Remote command: Selection: LAY:ADD ? '1',LEFT,EVSC Query: TRACe:DATA?
Power vs Symbol x Carrier
The "Power vs Symbol x Carrier" result display shows the power for each carrier in each symbol.
The x-axis represents the symbols. The y-axis represents the subcarriers. Different col­ors in the diagram area represent the power. A color map in the diagram header indi­cates the corresponding power levels.
Remote command: Selection: LAY:ADD ? '1',LEFT,PVSC Query: TRACe:DATA?
Allocation ID vs Symbol x Carrier
The "Allocation ID vs Symbol x Carrier" result display is a graphical representation of the structure of the analyzed frame. It shows the allocation type of each subcarrier in each symbol of the received signal.
The x-axis represents the OFDM symbols. The y-axis represents the subcarriers. Each type of allocation is represented by a different color. The legend above the dia-
gram indicates the colors used for each allocation. You can also use a marker to get more information about the type of allocation.
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I/Q measurements
Remote command: Selection: LAY:ADD ? '1',LEFT,AISC Query: TRACe:DATA?
RS Magnitude
The "RS Magnitude" result display shows the magnitude of the carriers occupied by various reference signals (PDSCH, PDCCH etc.) on different antenna ports (AP).
The contents of the result display depend on the evaluation range.
●
If you analyze all antenna ports, the result display contains one trace for each
antenna port. The traces show the average magnitude of the corresponding
antenna port. The diagram header contains a legend that shows the information
that each trace carries.
●
If you analyze a specific antenna port, the diagram contains three traces.
– The average magnitude over all slots on the selected antenna port.
– The lowest magnitude over all slots on the selected antenna port.
– The highest magnitude over all slots on the selected antenna port.
●
If you analyze only a single slot, the diagram contains one trace. That trace shows
the magnitude for that slot only. Average, minimum and maximum values in that
case are the same. The x-axis represents the frequency, with the unit depending on your selection. The y-
axis shows the magnitude of each antenna port in dB. Because the beamforming configuration can change between the slots of one frame,
the contents of this result display for Slot Selection = 'All' might be invalid. Thus, it is recommended to select the precise slot to be evaluated in order to get valid results.
Remote command: Selection: LAY:ADD ? '1',LEFT,RSMA Query: TRACe:DATA?
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I/Q measurements
RS Phase
The "RS Phase" result display shows the phase of the carriers occupied by various ref­erence signals (PDSCH, PDCCH etc.) on different antenna ports (AP).
The contents of the result display depend on the evaluation range.
●
If you analyze all antenna ports, the result display contains one trace for each
antenna port. The traces show the average phase of the corresponding antenna
port. The diagram header contains a legend that shows the information that each
trace carries.
●
If you analyze a specific antenna port, the diagram contains three traces.
– The average phase over all slots on the selected antenna port.
– The lowest phase over all slots on the selected antenna port.
– The highest phase over all slots on the selected antenna port.
●
If you analyze only a single slot, the diagram contains one trace. That trace shows
the phase for that slot only. Average, minimum and maximum values in that case
are the same. The x-axis represents the frequency, with the unit depending on your selection. The y-
axis shows the phase of each antenna port in degrees. Because the beamforming configuration can change between the slots of one frame,
the contents of this result display for Slot Selection = 'All' might be invalid. Thus, it is recommended to select the precise slot to be evaluated in order to get valid results.
Remote command: Selection: LAY:ADD ? '1',LEFT,RSWP Query: TRACe:DATA?
RS Phase Difference
The "RS Phase Difference" result display shows the phase difference of different antenna ports (AP) relative to a reference antenna port.
The contents of the result display depend on the evaluation range.
●
If you analyze all antenna ports, the result display contains one trace for each
antenna port (but not the reference antenna port). The traces show the average
phase deviation of the corresponding antenna port to the reference antenna port.
The diagram header contains a legend that shows the information that each trace
carries.
●
If you analyze a specific antenna port, the diagram contains three traces.
– The average phase deviation over all slots on the selected antenna port.
– The lowest phase deviation over all slots on the selected antenna port.
– The highest phase deviation over all slots on the selected antenna port.
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I/Q measurements
●
If you analyze only a single slot, the diagram contains one trace. That trace shows
the phase deviation for that slot only. Average, minimum and maximum values in
that case are the same. The x-axis represents the frequency, with the unit depending on your selection. The y-
axis shows the phase deviation of each evaluated antenna port in degrees. Because the beamforming configuration can change between the slots of one frame,
the contents of this result display for Slot Selection = 'All' might be invalid. Thus, it is recommended to select the precise slot to be evaluated in order to get valid results.
Remote command: Selection: LAY:ADD ? '1',LEFT,RSWP Query: TRACe:DATA?
Beamforming Summary
The "Beamforming Summary" shows the phase characteristics for each allocation used by the UE-specific reference signals (PDSCH, CORESET, CSI-RS etc.) in numerical form.
The rows in the table represent the allocation types. A set of allocations forms a slot. The slots are separated by a line. The columns of the table contain the following infor­mation:
●
BWP / SF / Slot
Shows the location of the allocation (bandwidth part - subframe - slot).
●
Allocation Type
Shows the type of the allocation.
●
Antenna Port
Shows the antenna port used by the allocation.
●
Phase
Shows the phase of the allocation in degrees.
●
Phase Diff(erence)
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I/Q measurements
Shows the phase difference of the allocation relative to the reference antenna port.
●
Average RS Weights
Shows the average magnitude of the weighted reference signal carriers in dB.
●
Rel Power
Shows the power of each antenna port relative to the reference AP defined for the
corresponding slot.
The relative power in combination with the phase difference allows you to calculate
the beamforming. Remote command:
Selection: LAY:ADD ? '1',LEFT,BSUM Query: TRACe:DATA?
Marker Table
Displays a table with the current marker values for the active markers. This table is displayed automatically if configured accordingly.
Wnd Shows the window the marker is in.
Type Shows the marker type and number ("M" for a nor-
mal marker, "D" for a delta marker).
Trc Shows the trace that the marker is positioned on.
Ref Shows the reference marker that a delta marker
refers to.
X- / Y-Value Shows the marker coordinates (usually frequency
and level).
Z-EVM
Z-Power
Z-Alloc ID
Shows the "EVM", power and allocation type at the marker position.
Only in 3D result displays (for example "EVM vs Symbol x Carrier").
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Time alignment error
Tip: To navigate within long marker tables, simply scroll through the entries with your finger on the touchscreen.
Remote command: LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, MTAB, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 216 Results:
CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:X on page 250 CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:Y on page 250 CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:Z? on page 251 CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:Z:ALL? on page 251

3.6 Time alignment error

Access: [MEAS] > "Time Alignment Error"
The time alignment error measurement captures the signal from different antenna ports and calculates the time offset between a reference antenna port and another antenna port(s).
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Time alignment error
Antenna port 1
(reference)
Time
Antenna port 2
Time alignment error Δ2,1
Time
Antenna port 3
Frame start indicator
Time alignment error Δ3,1
Time
Antenna port 4
Time alignment error Δ4,1
Time
Figure 3-3: Time alignment error measurement (4 antenna ports)
Note that the measurement only works if you are analyzing multiple layers (antenna ports). Therefore, you have to mix the signals into one cable that you can connect to the R&S FSV/A.
Test setup
Tx Ant 1
+
Tx Ant 2
DUT
Tx Ant 3
FSx
+
+
Tx Ant 4
Figure 3-4: Hardware setup
The dashed lines are optional connections, and only necessary if you measure more than two antenna ports. For most accurate measurement results, we recommend to use cables of the same length and identical combiners as adders.
In addition to the result displays mentioned in this section, the time alignment error measurement also supports the following result displays described elsewhere.
●
"Capture Buffer" on page 27
●
"Power Spectrum" on page 32
●
"Marker Table" on page 42
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Time alignment error
In the default layout, the application shows the "Time Aligment Error", "Capture Buffer" and "Power Spectrum" result displays.
The remote commands required to configure the time alignment error measurement are described in Chapter 6.9.29, "Time alignment measurement", on page 425.
Remote command:
Measurement selection: CONFigure[:NR5G]:MEASurement on page 290
Result display selection: LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 216
Time Alignment Error.................................................................................................... 45
Time Alignment Error
The time alignment is an indicator of how well the transmission antennas or antenna ports in a MIMO system and between component carriers are synchronized. The time alignment error is the time delay between a reference antenna port and another antenna port. The reference is antenna port 1000. For measurements on multiple carri­ers, the reference is antenna port 1000 of the first component carrier.
As AP1000 is the reference antenna port, it must be sent. Otherwise result are invalid. The application shows the results in a table.
●
For single carrier MIMO measurements, each row in the table represents one
antenna port.
●
For multi carrier measurements, each row in the table represents one antenna port
for each carrier. The number of rows therefore depends on the number of carriers and the PDSCH
antenna port configuration.
The reference antenna port is not shown in the table (all results would be "0"). For each antenna, the maximum, minimum and average time delay that has been
measured is shown. The minimum and maximum results are calculated only if the measurement covers more than one frame.
In any case, results are only displayed if the transmission power of both antennas ports is within 15 dB of each other. Likewise, if only one antenna transmits a signal, results will not be displayed (for example if the cabling on one antenna is faulty).
The "Limit" value shown in the result display is the maximum time delay that may occur for each antenna (only displayed for systems without carrier aggregation).
You can define a custom limit for the time alignment error. For more information, see
Chapter 3.10, "Reference: custom limits", on page 62.
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3.7 Transmit on / off power measurement

Measurements and result displays
Transmit on / off power measurement
Remote command: Measurement selection: LAY:ADD ? '1',LEFT,TAL Result query: FETCh:TAERror[:CC<cc>]:AP<ap>[:AVERage]? on page 248
The technical specification in 3GPP 38.141-1 / -2 describes the measurement of the transmitter "off" power and the transmitter transient period of a base transceiver station (BTS) transmitting a TDD signal and operating at its rated output power.
This measurement requires a special hardware setup. During the "off" periods (the interesting parts of the signal for this measurement), the signal power is very low ­measuring such low powers requires a low attenuation at the RF input. On the other hand, the signal power is very high during the transmitter "on" periods - in fact the sig­nal power is usually higher than the maximum allowed RF input level. Measuring high signal levels requires an appropriate test setup as described below.
Risk of instrument damage
The signal power during the "on" periods in this test scenario is usually higher than the maximum power allowed at the RF input of a spectrum analyzer.
Make sure to set up the measurement appropriately. Not doing so can cause severe damage to the spectrum analyzer.
Test setup
Ext. reference signal
Analyzer with option B25
(electronic attenuator)
Frame Trigger
Ext Trigger
RF Input
BTS
Tx signal
10 dB
Attenuator
Figure 3-5: Test setup for transmit on / off power measurement
●
Connect an RF limiter to the RF input to protect the RF input from damage.
RF Limiter
Table 3-1 shows the specifications that the limiter has to fulfill.
●
Insert an additional 10 dB attenuator in front of the RF limiter to absorb possible
reflected waves (because of the high VSWR of the limiter). The maximum allowed
CW input power of the attenuator must be higher than the maximum output power
of the BTS.
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Transmit on / off power measurement
Table 3-1: Specifications of the RF limiter in the test setup
Min. acceptable CW input power BTS output power minus 10 dB
Min. acceptable peak input power BTS peak output power minus 10 dB
Max. output leakage 20 dBm
Max. response time 1 µs
Max. recovery time 1 µs
Measuring the on / off power
If you are using an external trigger, you have to adjust the timing before you can start the actual measurement.
The status message in the diagram header shows if timing adjustment is required or not. After timing was successfully adjusted, you can start the measurement. Note that relevant changes of settings might require another timing adjustment.
If timing adjustment fails for any reason, the application shows a corresponding mes­sage in the diagram header. To find out what causes the synchronization failure, we reccomend to perform a regular EVM measurement. Then you can use all the mea­surement results like "EVM vs Carrier" to get more detailed information about the fail­ure. The timing adjustment will succeed if the synchronization state in the header is OK.
Select "Run Single" to start the measurement. The number of measurements that trace averaging is based on depends on the number of frames you have defined. When all measurements are done, the R&S FSV/A indicates if the measurement has failed or passed.
The remote commands required to measure the transmit on / off power are described in Chapter 6.9.30, "Transmit on/off power measurements", on page 426.
Remote command:
Measurement selection: CONFigure[:NR5G]:MEASurement on page 290
Result display selection: LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 216
Transmit On / Off Power................................................................................................47
└ Numerical results............................................................................................ 48
└ Transmit power on / off diagram..................................................................... 49
└ Transition diagram.......................................................................................... 50
└ Adjust Timing.................................................................................................. 50
└ Noise Cancellation..........................................................................................50
Transmit On / Off Power
The transmit on / off power measurement analyzes the transition from transmission ("on" periods) to reception ("off" periods) of an 5G NR TDD signal over time. Because this transition must happen very fast to use resources efficiently, it can be an issue in TDD systems.
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Transmit on / off power measurement
During the transmit power on / off measurement, the R&S FSV/A verifies if the "off" periods (= no signal transmission) comply to the limits defined by 3GPP. Note that you have to apply a signal to the RF input for this measurement, because the R&S FSV/A has to capture new I/Q data instead of using the data other I/Q measurements are based on.
The results for the transmit on / off power measurement are available in the following displays.
●
"Numerical results" on page 48
●
"Transmit power on / off diagram" on page 49
●
"Transition diagram" on page 50
Remote command: Selection: CONFigure[:NR5G]:MEASurement on page 290 Selection (transition period): DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TPOO:PERiod:SELect on page 428 Query: TRACe:DATA? Unit: UNIT:OPOWer on page 428
Numerical results ← Transmit On / Off Power
The result summary shows the measurement results in a table. Each line in the table corresponds to one "off" period.
The result summary shows the following information for each "off" period.
●
"Start Off Period Limit"
Shows the beginning of the "off" period relative to the frame start (0 seconds).
●
"Stop Off Period Limit"
Shows the end of the "off" period relative to the frame start (0 seconds).
The time from the start to the stop of the "off" period is the period over which the
limits are checked. It corresponds to the yellow trace in the diagram.
●
"Time at Δ to Limit"
Shows the trace point at which the lowest distance between trace and limit line has
been detected. The result is a time relative to the frame start.
●
"OFF Power"
Shows the absolute power of the signal at the trace point with the lowest distance
to the limit line.
You can display the "OFF Power" either as an absolute value in dBm or a relative
value in dBm/MHz. To select the unit, use the "Power Unit (dBm/MHz)" softkey
available in the "Meas Config" menu.
●
"OFF Power Δ to Limit"
Shows the distance between the trace and the limit line of the trace point with the
lowest distance to the limit line in dB.
●
"Falling Transition Period"
Shows the length of the falling transient.
●
"Rising Transition Period"
Shows the length of the rising transient. Results that comply with the limits are displayed in green. Any results that violate the
limits defined by 3GPP are displayed in red.
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Transmit on / off power measurement
Note that the beginning and end of a transition period is determined based on the "Off Power Density Limit". This limit is defined in 3GPP 38.141-1 / -2 as the maximum allowed mean power spectral density. The length of the transient from "on" to "off" period is, for example, the distance from the detected end of the subframe to the last time that the signal power is above the measured mean power spectral density.
You can define a custom limit for the off power density. For more information, see
Chapter 3.10, "Reference: custom limits", on page 62.
Figure 3-6: Power profile of a TD-LTE On-to-Off transition. The transition lasts from the end of the ON
1 = subframe ("on" power period) 2 = transient (transition length) 3 = "off" power density limit 4 = "off" power period
period until the signal is completely below the off power density limit.
Transmit power on / off diagram ← Transmit On / Off Power
The diagram shows all TDD frames that were captured and analyzed and contains several elements.
●
Yellow trace
The yellow trace represents the signal power during the "off" periods. The calcula-
tion of the trace also accounts for filtering as defined in 3GPP 38.141-1 / -2.
●
Blue trace
The blue trace represents the transition periods (falling and rising).
Note that the blue trace might not be visible in the diagram because of its steep
flank and small horizontal dimensions. You can see the falling and rising transitions
in separate diagrams.
●
Blue rectangles
The blue rectangles represent the "on" periods. Because of the overload during the
"on" periods, the actual signal power is only hinted at, not shown.
●
Red lines
Limits as defined by 3GPP.
●
Other information
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Transmit on / off power measurement
In addition to these elements, the diagram also shows the overall limit check, the
average count and the limit for the mean power spectral density ("Off Power Den-
sity Limit").
The overall limit check only passes if all "off" periods (including the transients) com-
ply with the limits.
Transition diagram ← Transmit On / Off Power
The transition diagrams show the rising and falling periods for each TDD frame in more detail.
The maximum number of transitions you can display depends on the slot configuration. When you add a "Falling Period" or "Rising Period" to the diagram area, you can select the period you want to analyze from a dropdown menu in the header of the result dis­play. By default, the R&S FSV/A shows two periods.
Alternatively, you can configure these diagrams via the "Evaluation Range" dialog box. The diagrams contain the following elements.
●
Blue trace
The blue trace represents the transition periods (falling and rising).
●
Red lines
Limits as defined by 3GPP.
Adjust Timing ← Transmit On / Off Power Access: [Sweep] > "Adjust Timing"
If you are using an external trigger for the on / off power measurement, you have to determine the offset of the trigger time to the time the 5G NR frame starts. You can do this with the "Adjust Timing" function. When the application has determined the offset, it corrects the results of the on / off power measurement accordingly.
Adjust timing also captures data with a reference level optimized for the "on" period to increase the probability for successful synchronization.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]NR5G:OOPower:ATIMing on page 428
Noise Cancellation ← Transmit On / Off Power Access: [Meas Config] > "Noise Cancellation"
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3.8 Frequency sweep measurements

Measurements and result displays
Frequency sweep measurements
Noise cancellation corrects the results by removing the inherent noise of the analyzer, which increases the dynamic range. To do this, the R&S FSV/A measures its inherent noise and subtracts the measured noise power from the power in the channel that is being analyzed.
Noise cancellation is valid for the current measurement configuration. If you change the measurement configuration in any way, you have to repeat noise cancellation.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]NR5G:OOPower:NCORrection on page 428
Access (ACLR): [MEAS] > "Channel Power ACLR"
Access (MC ACLR): [MEAS] > "Multi Carrier ACLR"
Access (Cumulative ACLR): [MEAS] > "Cumulative ACLR"
Access (SEM): [MEAS] > "Spectrum Emission Mask"
Access (Multi Carrier SEM): [MEAS] > "Multi Carrier SEM"
The 5G NR aplication supports the following frequency sweep measurements.
●
Adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR)
●
Spectrum emission mask (SEM)
Instead of using I/Q data, the frequency sweep measurements sweep the spectrum every time you run a new measurement. Therefore, it is mandatory to feed a signal into the RF input for these measurements. Using previously acquired I/Q data for the fre­quency sweep measurements is not possible (and vice-versa).
Because each of the frequency sweep measurements uses different settings to obtain signal data it is also not possible to run a frequency sweep measurement and view the results in another frequency sweep measurement.
Make sure to have sufficient bandwidth to be able to capture the whole signal, includ­ing neighboring channels.
Features of the frequency sweep measurements:
●
SEM measurements use the FFT sweep type by default. For more information, see
the R&S FSV/A user manual.
In addition to the specific diagrams and table (see description below), frequency sweep measurements support the following result displays.
●
"Marker Table" on page 42
●
Marker peak list
Both result displays have the same contents as the spectrum application.
Remote command:
Measurement selection: CONFigure[:NR5G]:MEASurement on page 290
Result display selection: LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 216
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Frequency sweep measurements
Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio (ACLR).....................................................................52
└ Result diagram................................................................................................52
└ Result summary..............................................................................................53
Multi Carrier ACLR (MC ACLR).................................................................................... 53
└ Result diagram................................................................................................54
└ Result summary..............................................................................................54
Cumulative ACLR..........................................................................................................55
└ Result diagram................................................................................................56
└ Result summary..............................................................................................56
Spectrum Emission Mask (SEM).................................................................................. 57
└ Result diagram................................................................................................58
└ Result summary..............................................................................................58
Marker Peak List........................................................................................................... 58
Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio (ACLR)
The adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR) measurement is designed to analyze sig­nals that contain multiple signals for different radio standards. Using the ACLR mea­surement, you can determine the power of the transmit (Tx) channel and the power of the neighboring (adjacent) channels to the left and right of the Tx channel. Thus, the ACLR measurement provides information about the power in the adjacent channels as well as the leakage into these adjacent channels.
When you measure the ACLR in the 5G NR application, the R&S FSV/A automatically selects appropriate ACLR settings based on the selected channel bandwidth.
For a comprehensive description of the ACLR measurement, refer to the user manual of the R&S FSV/A.
Remote command: Selection: CONFigure[:NR5G]:MEASurement on page 290
Result diagram ← Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio (ACLR)
The result diagram is a graphic representation of the signals with a trace that shows the measured signal. Individual channels (Tx and adjacent channels) are indicated by vertical lines and corresponding labels.
In addition, the R&S FSV/A highlights the channels (blue: Tx channel, green: adjacent channels).
The x-axis represents the frequency with a frequency span that relates to the specified 5G NR channel and adjacent channel bandwidths. On the y-axis, the power is plotted in dBm.
The power for the Tx channel is an absolute value in dBm. The power of the adjacent channels is relative to the power of the Tx channel.
In addition, the R&S FSV/A tests the ACLR measurement results against the limits defined by 3GPP.
Remote command: Result query: TRACe:DATA?
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Frequency sweep measurements
Result summary ← Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio (ACLR)
The result summary shows the signal characteristics in numerical form. Each row in the table corresponds to a certain channel type (Tx, adjacent channel). The columns contain the channel characteristics.
●
Channel
Shows the channel type (Tx, adjacent or alternate channel).
●
Bandwidth
Shows the channel bandwidth.
●
Offset
Shows the channel spacing.
●
Power
Shows the power of the Tx channel.
●
Lower / Upper
Shows the relative power of the lower and upper adjacent and alternate channels.
The values turn red if the power violates the limits.
Depending on the evaluation logic, the R&S FSV/A shows either the absolute
power in dBm, the relative power in dBc or both power values. The overall limit
check passes or fails depending on your selected evaluation logic. The end result
of the limit check is displayed in the table header. Remote command:
Result query: CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:FUNCtion:POWer<sb>:RESult[:
CURRent]?
Result query details: CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:FUNCtion:POWer<sb>:
RESult:DETails on page 286
Limit check: CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>:FAIL? on page 265 Limit check absolute: CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>:ACPower:ACHannel:RESult:
ABSolute on page 259
Limit check relative: CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>:ACPower:ACHannel:RESult:
RELative on page 260
Multi Carrier ACLR (MC ACLR)
The MC ACLR measurement is basically the same as the Adjacent Channel Leakage
Ratio (ACLR) measurement: it measures the power of the transmission channels and
neighboring channels and their effect on each other. Instead of measuring a single car­rier, the MC ACLR measures several component carriers and the gaps in between. The component carriers do not necessarily have to be next to each other.
In its default state, the MC ACLR measurement measures two neighboring channels above and below the carrier.
Note that you can configure a different neighboring channel setup with the tools provi­ded by the measurement. These tools are the same as those in the spectrum applica­tion. For more information, refer to the documentation of the R&S FSV/A.
The configuration in its default state complies with the test specifications defined in
38.141-1 / -2. Remote command:
Selection: CONF:MEAS MCAC
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Frequency sweep measurements
Result diagram ← Multi Carrier ACLR (MC ACLR)
The result diagram is a graphic representation of the signals with a trace that shows the measured signal. Individual channels (Tx and adjacent channels) are indicated by vertical lines and corresponding labels.
In addition, the R&S FSV/A highlights the channels (blue: Tx channel, green: adjacent channels).
The x-axis represents the frequency with a frequency span that relates to the 5G NR channel characteristics and adjacent channel bandwidths. Note that the application automatically determines the center frequency of the measurement according to the frequencies of the carriers.
On the y-axis, the power is plotted in dBm. The power for the TX channels is an abso­lute value in dBm. The powers of the adjacent channels are values relative to the power of the TX channel. The power of the channels is automatically tested against the limits defined by 3GPP.
The result display contains several additional elements.
●
Blue and green lines:
Represent the bandwidths of the carriers (blue lines) and those of the neighboring
channels (green lines). Note that the channels can overlap each other.
●
Blue and green bars:
Represent the integrated power of the transmission channels (blue bars) and
neighboring channels (green bars).
Remote command:
TRACe:DATA?
Result summary ← Multi Carrier ACLR (MC ACLR)
The result summary shows the signal characteristics in numerical form. Each row in the table corresponds to a certain channel type (Tx, adjacent channel). The columns contain the channel characteristics.
A table above the result display contains information about the measurement in numer­ical form:
●
Channel
Shows the type of channel.
The first rows represent the characteristics of the component carriers. The label
also indicates their respective bandwidths (for example: NR5G_FR1_100M1
means the first NR channel ("_100M1) with a 100 MHz bandwidth ("_100M1")).
The information also includes the total power of all component carriers.
The other rows represent the neighboring channels (Adj Lower / Upper and Alt1
Lower / Upper).
●
Bandwidth
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Frequency sweep measurements
Shows the bandwidth of the channel.
The bandwidth of the carrier is the sum of the two component carriers.
●
Frequency
Shows the center frequency of the component carriers.
●
Offset
Frequency offset relative to the center frequency of the aggregated carrier.
●
Power / Lower / Upper / Gap
Shows the power of the carrier and the power of the lower and upper neighboring
channels relative to the power of the aggregated carrier.
Depending on the evaluation logic, the R&S FSV/A shows either the absolute
power in dBm, the relative power in dBc or both power values. The overall limit
check passes or fails depending on your selected evaluation logic. The end result
of the limit check is displayed in the table header.
Note that the font of the results turns red if the signal violates the limits defined by 3GPP.
Remote command: Result query: CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:FUNCtion:POWer<sb>:RESult[:
CURRent]? on page 285
Limit check adjacent: CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>:ACPower:ACHannel:RESult? on page 259 Limit check adjacent absolute: CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>:ACPower:ACHannel:
RESult:ABSolute on page 259
Limit check adjacent relative: CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>:ACPower:ACHannel:
RESult:RELative on page 260
Limit check alternate: CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>:ACPower:ALTernate<alt>:
RESult? on page 260
Limit check alternate absolute: CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>:ACPower:
ALTernate<ch>:RESult:ABSolute on page 261
Limit check alternate relative: CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>:ACPower:
ALTernate<ch>:RESult:RELative on page 262
Cumulative ACLR
The cumulative ACLR measurement is designed to measure the cumulative ACLR test requirement for non-contiguous spectrum in 38.141-1 / -2. It calculates the cumulative ACLR of the gaps as defined in 3GPP 38.141-1 / -2. Note that this measurement is only useful for two non-contiguous carriers.
The gap channels are labeled "Gap<x>U" or "Gap<x>L", with <x> representing the number of the gap channels and "U" and "L" standing for "Upper" and "Lower". The number of analyzed gap channels depends on the channel spacing between the carri­ers as defined in the test specification.
Remote command: Selection: CONF:MEAS MCAC
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Frequency sweep measurements
Result diagram ← Cumulative ACLR
The result diagram is a graphic representation of the signals with a trace that shows the measured signal. Individual channels (Tx and adjacent channels) are indicated by vertical lines and corresponding labels.
In addition, the R&S FSV/A highlights the channels (blue: Tx channel, green: adjacent channels).
The x-axis represents the frequency. Note that the application automatically deter­mines the center frequency and span of the measurement according to the frequencies of the carriers.
On the y-axis, the power is plotted in dBm. The power for the Tx channels is an abso­lute value in dBm. The power of the gap channels is an absolute value relative to the cumulative power of the Tx channels. The power of the channels is automatically tes­ted against the limits defined by 3GPP.
The result display contains several additional elements.
●
Blue and green lines:
Represent the bandwidths of the carriers (blue lines) and those of the gap chan-
nels (green lines). Note that the channels can overlap each other.
●
Blue and green bars:
Represent the integrated power of the transmission channels (blue bars) and gap
channels (green bars).
Remote command:
TRACe:DATA?
Result summary ← Cumulative ACLR
The result summary shows the signal characteristics in numerical form. Each row in the table corresponds to a certain channel type (Tx, adjacent channel). The columns contain the channel characteristics.
A table in the result display contains information about the measurement in numerical form:
●
Channel
Shows the type of channel.
Channel "A" and "B" represent the component carriers. For each of the channels,
the application also shows the "Total", which should be the same as that for the
The other rows ("AB:Gap") represent the gap channels.
●
Bandwidth
Shows the bandwidth of the channel.
The bandwidth of the carrier is the sum of the two component carriers.
●
Frequency
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Frequency sweep measurements
Shows the frequency of the carrier.
Available for the aggregated carriers.
●
Offset
Frequency offset relative to the center frequency of the aggregated carrier.
Available for the gap channels.
●
Power / Lower / Upper
Shows the power of the carrier and the power of the lower and upper gap channels
relative to the power of the aggregated carrier.
Depending on the evaluation logic, the R&S FSV/A shows either the absolute
power in dBm, the relative power in dBc or both power values. The overall limit
check passes or fails depending on your selected evaluation logic. The end result
of the limit check is displayed in the table header.
Remote command: Result query: CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:FUNCtion:POWer<sb>:RESult[:
CURRent]? on page 285
Limit check adjacent: CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>:ACPower:ACHannel:RESult? on page 259 Limit check adjacent absolute: CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>:ACPower:ACHannel:
RESult:ABSolute on page 259
Limit check adjacent relative: CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>:ACPower:ACHannel:
RESult:RELative on page 260
Limit check alternate: CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>:ACPower:ALTernate<alt>:
RESult? on page 260
Limit check alternate absolute: CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>:ACPower:
ALTernate<ch>:RESult:ABSolute on page 261
Limit check alternate relative: CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>:ACPower:
ALTernate<ch>:RESult:RELative on page 262
Spectrum Emission Mask (SEM) Note: The application also provides multi-SEM measurements as a separate measure-
ment. This measurement is basically the same as the SEM measurement, with the dif­ference that it analyzes several sub blocks. The limits between the carriers are a sum of the individual limits according to 3GPP.38.141-1 / -2 The multi-SEM measurement also supports carrier aggregation.
The "Spectrum Emission Mask" (SEM) measurement shows the quality of the mea­sured signal by comparing the power values in the frequency range near the carrier against a spectral mask that is defined by the 3GPP specifications. In this way, you can test the performance of the DUT and identify the emissions and their distance to the limit.
For a comprehensive description of the SEM measurement, refer to the user manual of the R&S FSV/A.
Remote command: Selection: CONFigure[:NR5G]:MEASurement on page 290
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Frequency sweep measurements
Result diagram ← Spectrum Emission Mask (SEM)
The result diagram is a graphic representation of the signal with a trace that shows the measured signal. The SEM is represented by a red line.
If any measured power levels are above that limit line, the test fails. If all power levels are inside the specified limits, the test passes. The application labels the limit line to indicate whether the limit check has passed or failed.
The x-axis represents the frequency with a frequency span that relates to the specified 5G NR channel bandwidths. The y-axis shows the signal power in dBm.
Remote command: Result query: TRACe:DATA?
Result summary ← Spectrum Emission Mask (SEM)
The result summary shows the signal characteristics in numerical form. Each row in the table corresponds to a certain SEM range. The columns contain the range charac­teristics. If a limit fails, the range characteristics turn red.
●
Start / Stop Freq Rel
Shows the start and stop frequency of each section of the spectrum emission mask
relative to the center frequency.
●
RBW
Shows the resolution bandwidth of each section of the spectrum emission mask.
●
Freq at Δ to Limit
Shows the absolute frequency whose power measurement being closest to the
limit line for the corresponding frequency segment.
●
Power Abs
Shows the absolute measured power of the frequency whose power is closest to
the limit. The application evaluates this value for each frequency segment.
●
Power Rel
Shows the distance from the measured power to the limit line at the frequency
whose power is closest to the limit. The application evaluates this value for each
frequency segment.
●
Δ to Limit
Shows the minimal distance of the tolerance limit to the SEM trace for the corre-
sponding frequency segment. Negative distances indicate that the trace is below
the tolerance limit, positive distances indicate that the trace is above the tolerance
limit.
Marker Peak List
The marker peak list determines the frequencies and levels of peaks in the spectrum or time domain. How many peaks are displayed can be defined, as well as the sort order. In addition, the detected peaks can be indicated in the diagram. The peak list can also be exported to a file for analysis in an external application.
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Tip: To navigate within long marker peak lists, simply scroll through the entries with your finger on the touchscreen.
Remote command: LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, PEAK, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 216 Results:
CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:X on page 250 CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:Y on page 250

3.9 Combined measurements

Access (ACLR): [MEAS] > "Channel Power ACLR"
For an introduction on combined measurements and their application, see Chapter 4.6,
"Combined measurement guide", on page 167.
The measurements (EVM, ACLR and SEM) themselves are the same as in their respective mode. The combined mode supports all result displays that are available for the corresponding measurements (diagrams, tables etc.).
For a comprehensive description of the measurements and their result displays, refer to:
●
EVM measurements
●
ACLR measurements
●
SEM measurements
Using the combined EVM / ACLR / SEM results table
Combined measurements show the results of the measurement sequence in a big numerical result summary. This result summary contains a list of all single measure­ments (events) in the measurement sequence.
Each line in the result summary corresponds to an event (aka "Meas ID"). Each col­umn shows a certain aspect about the events. By default, the table contains the results of all measurements.
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You have several options to work with the table.
1. Filter the results by certain aspects.
2. Add columns (= other results) to the tables.
3. Select a line to view the results for the captured I/Q data of the corresponding
event.
When you select a single event, you can view the usual result displays (tables and
diagrams) available for the EVM, ACLR and SEM measurements. By default, the
R&S FSV/A only shows the result summaries, but you can add other result displays
as well.
4. Select another line to compare the results of different events.
5. Apply different settings to the captured data.
You can apply different settings to all events or the selected event only.
All events: "Sweep" > "Refresh"
Selected event: "Sweep" > "Refresh Current"
The result summary displays a yellow star for all events whose settings deviate
from the current setting - if you select a measurement, change the signal configura-
tion, all other measurements get a yellow star.
Yellow stars disappear if you also apply the current signal configuration to other
events. To do so, select an event and apply the current configuration.
You can restore the initial settings with "Restore Settings" available in the "Meas
Config" softkey menu.
In addition to the results available for EVM, ACLR and SEM measurements, the com­bined measurements result summary contains the following events aspects.
Meas ID
Shows an index number that identifies each measurement in the measurement sequence.
Remote command:
TRACe:DATA?
Time Stamp
Shows the beginning time of the I/Q data capture for the corresponding measurement (= time when the event has occurred).
The time stamp is a value relative to the first event. The first event has a time stamp = 0 seconds.
Remote command:
FETCh[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:TSTamp? on page 247
TRACe:DATA?
Time Stamp Delta
Shows the time that has passed between events. The delta is therefore the difference between the time stamp of two consecutive mea-
surements.
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Remote command:
FETCh[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:TSDelta?
on page 247
Sync State
Shows the synchronization state for the corresponding measurement. Remote command:
FETCh[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:SSTate? on page 246
TRACe:DATA?
ACLR Pass / Fail
Shows the limit check results for the ACLR of the corresponding measurement. You can check the ACLR against the absolute or relative limits defined by 3GPP. The
result summary shows the limit check results that you have selected. "ACLR Pass /
Fail" "ACLR Abs
Pass / Fail" "ACLR Rel
Pass / Fail" Remote command:
Absolute or relative: FETCh[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:
APFail? on page 231
Absolute: FETCh[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:AAPFail? on page 231 Relative: FETCh[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:ARPFail? on page 232
TRACe:DATA?
Shows the overall limit check result.
Shows the absolute limit check result.
Shows the relative limit check result.
SEM Pass / Fail
Shows the overall limit check result for the SEM of the corresponding measurement. Remote command:
FETCh[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:SPFail? on page 245
TRACe:DATA?
OVLD
Shows a mesage if an overload status was detected (RF overload, RF input overload, IF overload).
For details about the overload states and what to do about them, see the R&S FSV/A user manual.
Remote command:
FETCh[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:OVLD? on page 244
TRACe:DATA?
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3.10 Reference: custom limits

Measurements and result displays
Reference: custom limits
The R&S FSV/A checks various results against the limits defined by 3GPP. For some of those limits, you can define custom limits.
I/Q measurement result summary
●
EVM PDSCH QPSK / 16QAM / 64QAM / 256QAM
●
EVM PUSCH PI/2 BPSK / QPSK / 16QAM / 64QAM
●
EVM PUSCH DMRS PI/2 BPSK / QPSK / 16QAM / 64QAM
●
EVM PUCCH
Time alignment error measurements
●
Time alignment error
Transmit on / off power
●
Off power spectral density
Limit values are stored in an xml file that combines the limits for downlink and uplink. The file name must be Default.nr5G_limits and is located in the following direc­tory:
C:\R_S\instr\user\NR5G\
The R&S FSV/A automatically applies the custom limits after you have copied the file and restarted the R&S FSV/A
The structure of the file is as follows. You can omit any xml elements you do not want to define, either by making no entry or by deleting the corresponding element.
<Limits>
<DL>
<EVM>
<PDSCHQPSK Mean="0.185"></PDSCHQPSK>
<!--Unit: linear (1 = 0 dB, 0.1 = -20 dB)-->
<PDSCH16QAM Mean="0.135"></PDSCH16QAM>
<!--Unit: linear (1 = 0 dB, 0.1 = -20 dB)-->
<PDSCH64QAM Mean="0.09"></PDSCH64QAM>
<!--Unit: linear (1 = 0 dB, 0.1 = -20 dB)-->
<PDSCH256QAM Mean="0.045"></PDSCH256QAM>
<!--Unit: linear (1 = 0 dB, 0.1 = -20 dB)-->
</EVM>
<TimeAlignmentError Limit="90"></TimeAlignmentError>
<!--Unit [ns]-->
<OffPowSpectralDensity Limit="-82.5"></OffPowSpectralDensity>
<!--Unit: [dBm/MHz]-->
</DL>
<UL>
<EVM>
<PUSCHPI_2BPSK Max="0.3"></PUSCHPI_2BPSK>
<!--Unit: linear (1 = 0 dB, 0.1 = -20 dB)-->
<PUSCHQPSK Max="0.175"></PUSCHQPSK>
<!--Unit: linear (1 = 0 dB, 0.1 = -20 dB)-->
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<PUSCH16QAM Max="0.125"></PUSCH16QAM>
<!--Unit: linear (1 = 0 dB, 0.1 = -20 dB)-->
<PUSCH64QAM Max="0.08"></PUSCH64QAM>
<!--Unit: linear (1 = 0 dB, 0.1 = -20 dB)-->
<DMRSPUSCHPI_2BPSK Mean="0.3"></DMRSPUSCHPI_2BPSK>
<!--Unit: linear (1 = 0 dB, 0.1 = -20 dB)-->
<DMRSPUSCHQPSK Mean="0.175"></DMRSPUSCHQPSK>
<!--Unit: linear (1 = 0 dB, 0.1 = -20 dB)-->
<DMRSPUSCH16QAM Mean="0.125"></DMRSPUSCH16QAM>
<!--Unit: linear (1 = 0 dB, 0.1 = -20 dB)-->
<DMRSPUSCH64QAM Mean="0.08"></DMRSPUSCH64QAM>
<!--Unit: linear (1 = 0 dB, 0.1 = -20 dB)-->
<PUCCH Max="0.175"></PUCCH>
<!--Unit: linear (1 = 0 dB, 0.1 = -20 dB)-->
</EVM>
</UL>
</Limits>

3.11 Reference: 3GPP test scenarios

3GPP defines several test scenarios for measuring base stations. These test scenarios are described in detail in 3GPP TS 38.141-1 (conducted measurements) and 38.141-2 (radiated measurements).
For radiated measurements, 3GPP only supports test models 1.1, 2, and 3.1. Release 16 also supports test models 2a and 3.1a.
The following table provides an overview which measurements available in the 5G NR application are suited to use for the test scenarios in the 3GPP documents.
Table 3-2: Test scenarios for NR-FR<x>-TMs as defined by 3GPP (38.141-1 / -2)
Test Model
NR-FR­TM1.1
Test scenario FR1 test describedinFR2 test describedinMeasurement
Radiated transmit power
Base station output power
Transmit on / off power
TAE chapter 6.5.4 chapter 6.6.4 Time alignment error
Transmitter intermo­dulation
Occupied bandwidth chapter 6.6.1 chapter 6.7.2
n/a chapter 6.2 Transmit on / off
chapter 6.2 chapter 6.3 Power (➙ "Result
chapter 6.4 chapter 6.5 Transmit on / off
chapter 6.7 chapter 6.8 ACLR
power
Summary")
power
Occupied bandwidth
1
ACLR chapter 6.6.2 chapter 6.7.3 ACLR
Operating band unwanted emissions
chapter 6.6.3 chapter 6.7.4 Spectrum emission
mask
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Test Model
NR-FR­TM1.2
NR-FR­TM2
NR-FR­TM2a
NR-FR­TM2b
Test scenario FR1 test describedinFR2 test describedinMeasurement
Transmitter spurious emissions
ACLR chapter 6.6.2 n/a ACLR
Operating band unwanted emissions
Total power dynamic range
Frequency error chapter 6.5.1 chapter 6.6.2 Frequency Error (➙
Error vector magni­tude
Total power dynamic range
Error vector magni­tude
Frequency error chapter 6.5.1 n/a Frequency error (➙
Total power dynamic range
chapter 6.6.4 chapter 6.7.5
chapter 6.6.2 n/a Spectrum emission
chapter 6.3.2 chapter 6.4.3 OSTP (➙ "Result
chapter 6.5.2 chapter 6.6.3 EVM results
chapter 6.3.2 n/a OSTP (➙ "Result
chapter 6.5.2 n/a EVM results
chapter 6.3.2 n/a OSTP (➙ "Result
Spurious emissions
mask
Summary")
"Result Summary")
Summary")
"Result Summary")
Summary")
1
NR-FR­TM3.1
NR-FR­TM3.1a
NR-FR­TM3.1b
Error vector magni­tude
Frequency error chapter 6.5.1 n/a Frequency error (➙
Total power dynamic range
Frequency error chapter 6.5.1 chapter 6.6.2 Frequency error (➙
Error vector magni­tude
Total power dynamic range
Error vector magni­tude
Frequency error chapter 6.5.1 n/a Frequency error (➙
Total power dynamic range
Error vector magni­tude
Frequency error chapter 6.5.1 n/a Frequency error (➙
chapter 6.5.2 n/a EVM results
"Result Summary")
chapter 6.3.2 chapter 6.4.3 OSTP (➙ "Result
Summary")
"Result Summary")
chapter 6.5.2 chapter 6.6.3 EVM results
chapter 6.3.2 n/a OSTP (➙ "Result
Summary")
chapter 6.5.2 n/a EVM results
"Result Summary")
chapter 6.3.2 n/a OSTP (➙ "Result
Summary")
chapter 6.5.2 n/a EVM results
"Result Summary")
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Reference: 3GPP test scenarios
Test Model
NR-FR­TM3.2
NR-FR­TM3.3
1
These measurements are available in the spectrum application of the Rohde & Schwarz signal and spec-
trum analyzers (for example the R&S FSW)
Test scenario FR1 test describedinFR2 test describedinMeasurement
Frequency error chapter 6.5.1 n/a Frequency error (➙
"Result Summary")
Error vector magni­tude
Frequency error chapter 6.5.1 n/a Frequency error (➙
Error vector magni­tude
chapter 6.5.2 n/a EVM results
"Result Summary")
chapter 6.5.2 n/a EVM results
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4 Configuration

Configuration
I/Q Measurement
3GPP 5G NR measurements require a special application on the R&S FSV/A, which you activate using the [MODE] key on the front panel.
When you start the 5G NR application, the R&S FSV/A starts to measure the input sig­nal with the default configuration or the configuration of the last measurement (when you have not performed a preset since then). After you have started an instance of the 5G NR application, the application displays the "Meas Config" menu which contains functions to define the characteristics of the signal you are measuring.
Unavailable hardkeys
Note that the [SPAN], [BW], [TRACE], [LINES] and [MKR FUNC] keys have no con­tents and no function in the 5G NR application.
● I/Q Measurement.................................................................................................... 66
● Time Alignment Error Configuration......................................................................156
● Transmit On / Off Power Configuration.................................................................156
● Frequency Sweep Measurement Configuration....................................................157
● Combined measurement configuration................................................................. 160
● Combined measurement guide.............................................................................167
● Time trigger measurement guide.......................................................................... 177
● Microservice export...............................................................................................178
● Reference: structure of .allocation files.................................................................179
● Basics on input from I/Q data files........................................................................ 187

4.1 I/Q Measurement

● Configuration overview............................................................................................67
● Automatic measurement configuration....................................................................69
● Physical signal description......................................................................................72
● Test scenarios......................................................................................................... 75
● Component carrier configuration.............................................................................76
● Radio frame configuration.......................................................................................81
● Synchronization signal configuration.......................................................................85
● Bandwidth part configuration...................................................................................90
● Slot configuration.................................................................................................... 95
● PDSCH and PDCCH configuration....................................................................... 107
● Antenna port configuration....................................................................................127
● Advanced settings.................................................................................................129
● Generator control.................................................................................................. 135
● Input source configuration.....................................................................................139
● Frequency configuration........................................................................................141
● Amplitude configuration.........................................................................................142
● Trigger configuration............................................................................................. 145
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4.1.1 Configuration overview

Configuration
I/Q Measurement
● Data capture..........................................................................................................147
● Tracking................................................................................................................ 150
● Demodulation........................................................................................................153
Throughout the measurement channel configuration, an overview of the most important currently defined settings is provided in the "Overview". The "Overview" is displayed when you select the "Overview" menu item from the "Meas Setup" menu.
In addition to the main measurement settings, the "Overview" provides quick access to the main settings dialog boxes. The individual configuration steps are displayed in the order of the data flow. Thus, you can easily configure an entire measurement channel from input over processing to output and analysis by stepping through the dialog boxes as indicated in the "Overview".
In particular, the "Overview" provides quick access to the following configuration dialog boxes (listed in the recommended order of processing):
1. Signal Description
See Chapter 4.1.3, "Physical signal description", on page 72.
2. Input / Frontend
See Chapter 4.1.14, "Input source configuration", on page 139.
3. Trigger / Signal Capture
See Chapter 4.1.17, "Trigger configuration", on page 145.
See Chapter 4.1.18, "Data capture", on page 147.
4. Tracking
See Chapter 4.1.19, "Tracking", on page 150.
5. Demodulation
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See Chapter 4.1.20, "Demodulation", on page 153.
6. Analysis
See Chapter 5, "Analysis", on page 189.
7. Display Configuration
See Chapter 3, "Measurements and result displays", on page 17
In addition, the dialog box provides the "Select Measurement" button that serves as a shortcut to select the measurement type.
Configuring the measurement
► Select any button in the "Overview" to open the corresponding dialog box.
Select a setting in the channel bar (at the top of the measurement channel tab) to
change a specific setting.
Preset Channel............................................................................................................. 68
Select Measurement..................................................................................................... 68
Specific Settings for...................................................................................................... 68
Preset Channel
Select the "Preset Channel" button in the lower left-hand corner of the "Overview" to restore all measurement settings in the current channel to their default values.
Note: Do not confuse the "Preset Channel" button with the [Preset] key, which restores the entire instrument to its default values and thus closes all channels on the R&S FSV/A (except for the default channel)!
Remote command:
SYSTem:PRESet:CHANnel[:EXEC] on page 293
Select Measurement
Opens a dialog box to select the type of measurement. For more information about selecting measurements, see Chapter 3.1, "Selecting mea-
surements", on page 17.
Remote command:
CONFigure[:NR5G]:MEASurement on page 290
Specific Settings for
The channel can contain several windows for different results. Thus, the settings indi­cated in the "Overview" and configured in the dialog boxes vary depending on the selected window.
Select an active window from the "Specific Settings for" selection list that is displayed in the "Overview" and in all window-specific configuration dialog boxes.
The "Overview" and dialog boxes are updated to indicate the settings for the selected window.
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4.1.2 Automatic measurement configuration

Configuration
I/Q Measurement
The R&S FSV/A provides various functions to automatically configure measurements based on the signal you are measuring and thus makes these measurements as easy as possible.
Automatic configuration functions are available in different dialog boxes and softkey menus.
Access (auto configuration): [AUTO SET]
Access (auto demodulation): "Overview" > "Signal Description" > "Signal Description"
Automatic measurement configuration
The automatic measurement configuration functions adjust various general measure­ment settings to achieve the optimal display of the measurement results.
Automatic signal demodulation
The automatic signal demodulation functions determine the characteristics of the signal you are measuring. Based on the signal characteristics, the R&S FSV/A is then able to demodulate and analyze the signal.
Signal demodulation is available on several levels.
●
Detection of all signal characteristics.
●
Detection of the bandwidth part configuration, incl. antenna port configuration.
●
Detection of the synchronization signal configuration.
For an automatic signal demodulation, all frames must have the same configuration.
Auto Level..................................................................................................................... 69
Auto EVM......................................................................................................................69
Auto Scale.....................................................................................................................70
Complete Signal Demodulation.....................................................................................70
Bandwidth Parts Demodulation.....................................................................................71
Synchronization Signal Demodulation.......................................................................... 71
Auto Level
You can use the auto leveling routine for a quick determination of preliminary amplitude settings for the current 5G NR input signal.
For additional information, see "Auto Level" on page 143. Remote command:
[SENSe:]ADJust:LEVel on page 295
Auto EVM
Adjusts the amplitude settings to achieve the optimal EVM using the maximum dynamic range.
This routine measures the signal several times at various levels to achieve the best results.
If you measure several component carriers, this routine can take several minutes to fin­ish (depending on the number of component carriers).
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I/Q Measurement
You can speed up the auto EVM routine by performing it across a certain number of slots only ("Auto EVM # Of Slots To Analyze").
Select "Auto Set" > "Auto Level Config" > "Meas Time Mode" = "Manual" to access this method.
If you are using this method, make sure to:
●
Define an appropriate measurement time that corresponds to the number of
selected slots. The minimum measurement time is 1 ms.
●
Perform a triggered measurement to reliably capture at least one complete slot. Remote command:
Run measurement: [SENSe:]ADJust:EVM on page 294 Slots used: [SENSe:]ADJust:EVM:SLOTs on page 295
Auto Scale
Scales the y-axis for best viewing results based on the results. For more information about y-axis scaling, see "Automatic scaling of the y-axis"
on page 191. Remote command:
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>][:SUBWindow<w>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe]:AUTO
on page 440
Complete Signal Demodulation
Automatic signal demodulation determines the complete signal configuration. Complete signal demodulation includes:
●
Detection of the synchronization signal configuration, including the SS/PBCH block
state.
You can still define the relative powers of the PSS, SSS, PBCH and PBCH DMRS.
●
Detection of the cell ID.
●
Detection of the bandwidth part configuration.
●
Detection of the slot configuration.
●
Detection of the PDSCH and CORESET configuration, including the enhanced set-
tings.
●
Detection of the antenna port configuration. It is not possible to edit any properties that are automatically detected. When you turn on complete signal detection, you only have to define the basic signal
characteristics like the deployment frequency range, the channel bandwidth or the number of component carriers.
To turn on complete and continuous signal demodulation, select "All On". "All On" auto­matically turns on automatic demodulation of the synchronization signal, the cell ID and the bandwidth parts.
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I/Q Measurement
Instead of continuous automatic demodulation, you can demodulate the signal once for a single capture. This method is useful if you want to change individual parameters like the bandwidth part configuration later on without subsequent automatic demodulation. In addition, it increases the measurement speed, because automatic demodulation occurs only once.
To demodulate the signal once, select the corresponding button in the channel bar. For a one-off demodulation, all properties remain available to edit. Similarliy, you can turn off automatic signal demodulation with a single step with "All
Off". All automatic signal demodulation routines are turned off in that case. Note that if the signal contains no synchronization signal, you have to define the cell ID
manually ("Auto Detection Cell ID" = Off). Remote command:
State: CONFigure[:NR5G]:DL[:CC<cc>]:DEMod:AUTO on page 296 Demodulate once: [SENSe:]ADJust:DEMod on page 294
Bandwidth Parts Demodulation
Determines the configuration of the bandwidth parts. Bandwidth part demodulation includes:
●
Detection of the bandwidth part configuration.
●
Detection of the slot configuration.
●
Detection of the PDSCH and CORESET configuration, including the enhanced set-
tings.
●
Detection of the cell ID in the range of 0 to 10.
If you are using a different cell ID, you have to enter the cell ID manually. It is not possible to edit any properties that are automatically detected. When you turn on bandwidth part detection, you only have to define the basic signal
characteristics like the deployment, the channel bandwidth or the number of compo­nent carriers and the synchronization signal.
Remote command:
CONFigure[:NR5G]:DL[:CC<cc>]:FRAMe<fr>:BWPart<bwp>:DETection
on page 296
Synchronization Signal Demodulation
Determines the configuration of the synchronization signal.
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4.1.3 Physical signal description

Configuration
I/Q Measurement
Synchronization signal demodulation includes:
●
Detection of the synchronization signal configuration, including the SS/PBCH block
state.
You can still define the relative powers of the PSS, SSS, PBCH and PBCH DMRS.
●
Detection of the cell ID. It is not possible to edit any properties that are automatically detected. When you turn on synchronization signal detection, you can still define the basic signal
characteristics like the deployment or the channel bandwidth and the complete band­width part configuration, including the PDSCH and CORESET allocations.
Note that if the signal contains no synchronization signal, you have to define the cell ID manually ("Auto Detection Cell ID" = Off).
Remote command:
CONFigure[:NR5G]:DL[:CC<cc>]:SSBLock<ssb>:DETection on page 297
Access: "Overview" > "Signal Description" > "Signal Description"
The "Signal Description" dialog box contains general signal characteristics.
Configuring component carriers
When you are doing measurements on aggregated carriers, you can configure each carrier separately.
When available, each carrier in the dialog boxes is represented by an additional tab labeled "CC<x>", with <x> indicating the number of the component carrier.
Note that the additional tabs are only added to the user interface after you have selected more than "1" component carrier.
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I/Q Measurement
The remote commands required to configure the physical signal characteristics are described in Chapter 6.9.3, "Physical settings", on page 297.
The remote commands required to query measurement results are decribed in:
●
Chapter 6.8, "Retrieve trace data", on page 266
●
Chapter 6.6, "Remote commands to retrieve numeric results", on page 228
Selecting the 5G NR mode........................................................................................... 73
Deployment Frequency Range..................................................................................... 73
Operating Band.............................................................................................................73
Physical settings of the signal.......................................................................................74
Selecting the 5G NR mode
The "Mode" selects the 5G NR link direction you are testing. The choices you have depend on the set of options you have installed.
●
Option R&S FSV/A-K144 enables testing of 3GPP 5G NR signals on the downlink.
●
OptionR&S FSV/A-K145 enables testing of 3GPP 5G NR signals on the uplink. Downlink (DL) and Uplink (UL) describe the transmission path.
●
Downlink is the transmission path from the base station to the user equipment.
The physical layer mode for the downlink is always OFDMA.
●
Uplink is the transmission path from the user equipment to the base station. The application shows the currently selected 5G NR mode (including the bandwidth) in
the channel bar. Remote command:
Link direction: CONFigure[:NR5G]:LDIRection on page 299 not supported
Deployment Frequency Range
A 5G NR signal can be transmitted in several different frequency ranges ("FR"). 3GPP release 17 extends the deployment frequency range (FR2-2).
●
"FR1 <= 3 GHz": Deployment in frequency range 1 ≤ 3 GHz.
●
"FR1 > 3 GHz": Deployment in frequency range 1 above 3 GHz.
●
"FR2-1": Deployment in frequency range 2 (high frequencies up to 52.60 GHz).
●
"FR2-2": Deployment in frequency range 2 (extra high frequencies up to 71 GHz). The frequencies that FR1 and FR2 cover are defined by 3GPP. The selected frequency range has an effect on the following settings.
●
Different channel bandwidths are available in each frequency range.
●
Different subcarrier spacings are available in each frequency range.
●
Different synchronization signal patterns are available in each frequency range. Remote command:
CONFigure[:NR5G]:DL[:CC<cc>]:DFRange on page 298
Operating Band
Selects the operating band that the carriers are in. The operating bands are defined in 3GPP 38.104: 5.2 "Operating Bands".
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I/Q Measurement
Depending on the operating band you select for the transmission, the R&S FSV/A automatically adjusts the minimum requirements for channel spacing between compo­nent carriers, especially the frequency offset to CC1.
If the center frequency of the carriers is not within the selected operating band, the R&S FSV/A shows a corresponding message in the carrier configuration dialog box.
For a selected set of operating bands, you can select the channel raster within the component carrier.
3GPP release 16 unlocks additional operating bands. 3GPP release 17 unlocks additional operating bands. Remote command:
CONFigure[:NR5G]:OBANd on page 298
Physical settings of the signal
Physical settings describe the basic structure of the signal you are measuring. The "Channel Bandwidth" is variable with fixed values in the range from 5 MHz to
400 MHz. The numbers next to the dropdown box show the sample rate of the signal. The sample rate depends on the selected channel bandwidth.
3GPP release 17 extends the channel bandwidths up to 2000 MHz in FR2 and adds additional bandwidths in FR1 (35 MHz and 45 MHz).
The available channel bandwidths depend on the frequency range you have selected. Selecting one of the "Configure" buttons opens the radio frame configuration tab where
you can customize the radio frame structure according to your needs.
●
"Synchronization": Configuration of synchronization signal (SS).
The numbers next to the button indicate the subcarrier spacing of the SS and the
frequency offset relative to the center of the channel bandwidth.
●
"Bandwidth Parts": Configuration of bandwidth parts (BWP).
The numbers next to the button indicate the number of configured BWPs and their
subcarrier spacings.
●
"Slot Config": Configuration of individual slots.
The numbers next to the button indicate the slot format used in the BWPs and if a
CSI reference signal is present or not.
The slot format determines the usage of the OFDM symbols (UL, DL or flexible).
The slot formats are defined in 3GPP 38.211, table 4.3.2-3.
●
"PDSCH / PDCCH Config": Configuration of the data channel (PDSCH) and the
control channel (PDCCH)
The numbers next to the button indicate the modulation types used for the alloca-
tions in all slots and if a SMUX or phase-tracking reference signal (PT-RS) is pres-
ent or not. The physical layer cell ID is responsible for synchronization between network and user
equipment. It identifies a specific radio cell in the 5G NR network. The cell ID is a value between 0 and 503.
For automatic detection of the cell ID, turn on the "Auto" function. However, auto detec­tion only works if at least one SS/PBCH block is included in the signal.
Remote command: Channel bandwidth: CONFigure[:NR5G]:DL[:CC<cc>]:BW on page 298 Cell ID: CONFigure[:NR5G]:DL[:CC<cc>]:PLC:CID on page 299
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4.1.4 Test scenarios

Configuration
I/Q Measurement
Access: "Overview" > "Signal Description" > "Test Models"
Test scenarios are descriptions of specific 5G NR signals for standardized testing of DUTs. These test scenarios are stored in .allocation files. You can select, manage and create test scenarios in the "Test Models" dialog box.
3GPP test models
Test models are certain signal descriptions defined by 3GPP for various test scenarios. 3GPP calls them NR-TM. These NR-TM are defined in 3GPP 38.141-1 / -2.
There are three main test model groups NR-TM1, NR-TM2 and NR-TM3). Each of these main groups in turn contain signal descriptions for specific signal configurations (different transmission type, different bandwidth etc.).
Because the complete list of test scenarios is long, you can filter the list by the follow­ing criteria.
●
"Test Model": Filters by test model group (NR-TM1, NR-TM2 etc.).
●
"Transmission": Filters by transmission technology (radiated or conducted).
●
"Duplexing": Filters by duplexing mode (FDD or TDD).
●
"Bandwidth": Filters by channel bandwidth.
●
"Subcarrier Spacing": Filters by subcarrier spacing. For an overview of the test scenarios, see Chapter 3.11, "Reference: 3GPP test sce-
narios", on page 63.
3GPP release 17 adds additional test models. Remote command:
MMEMory:LOAD:TMODel[:CC<cc>] on page 300
User defined test scenarios
User defined test scenarios are custom signal descriptions for standardized measure­ments that you can save and restore as you like. To create a custom test scenario, describe a signal as required and then save it with the corresponding button. The R&S FSV/A stores custom scenarios in .allocation files.
If you do not need test scenarios any longer, you can also delete them. For a description of the .allocation files, see Chapter 4.9, "Reference: structure
of .allocation files", on page 179.
Remote command: Save: MMEMory:STORe<n>:DEModsetting[:CC<cc>] on page 301 Restore: MMEMory:LOAD:DEModsetting[:CC<cc>] on page 300
Test scenarios for carrier aggregation
When you measure component carriers, you can describe each component carrier separately and save or restore the scenario for each carrier in the corresponding tab ("CC<x>"). Single carrier scenarios are stored in .allocation files.
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4.1.5 Component carrier configuration

Configuration
I/Q Measurement
For easier handling of multiple carriers, however, you can also store the descriptions of all carriers in a single file. To do so, configure all component carriers as required and save the test scenario in "All CCs" tab. Multiple carrier test scenarios are stored in .ccallocation files. The advantage of this method is, that you do not have to restore a scenario for each component carrier, but can do so in a single step.
The .ccallocation files contain the frequency information of the signal. Remote command:
Save: MMEMory:STORe<n>:DEModsetting:ALL on page 301 Restore: MMEMory:LOAD:DEModsetting:ALL on page 300
Access: "Overview" > "Signal Description"
Carrier aggregation has been introduced in the 5G NR standard to increase the band­width. In those systems, you can use several carriers to transmit a signal.
The 5G NR measurement application supports up to 16 component carriers for mea­surements on contiguous and non-contiguous intra-band carrier aggregation (the carri­ers are in the same frequency band).
Each carrier has one of the channel bandwidths defined by 3GPP. You can deploy the component carriers in different frequency ranges.
The radio frame can be different for each component carrier. For more information about configuring 5G NR radio frames, see Chapter 4.1.6, "Radio frame configuration", on page 81.
Several measurements support contiguous and non-contiguous intra-band carrier aggregation (the carriers are in the same frequency band).
●
I/Q Based Measurements (EVM, Frequency Error, etc.)
●
Frequency sweep measurements (multi-carrier ACLR, cumulative ACLR and multi
SEM)
The remote commands required to configure component carriers are described in
Chapter 6.9.4, "Component carrier configuration", on page 302.
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I/Q Measurement
Number of component carriers......................................................................................77
Component carrier data capture................................................................................... 77
Views.............................................................................................................................77
Basic component carrier configuration..........................................................................78
└ Frequency configuration................................................................................. 78
└ Bandwidth configuration..................................................................................79
└ Channel Raster...............................................................................................79
Nominal Channel Spacing.............................................................................................80
Additional tools for frequency configuration.................................................................. 80
└ Center frequency configuration.......................................................................80
└ Frequency offset configuration........................................................................80
Number of component carriers
The supported "Number Of Component Carriers" you can measure is in the range from 1 to 16. When you select more than one component carrier, the R&S FSV/A expands the "Signal Description" dialog box by several tabs.
One tab for each component carrier you can configure and one tab to define general
properties of the component carrier configuration.
Remote command:
CONFigure[:NR5G]:NOCC on page 304
Component carrier data capture
Capturing signals with several component carriers can generate big amounts of data. The 5G NR application thus provides different "CC Signal Capture" modes that allow
you to capture even several component carriers with a large bandwidth.
●
"Single": Each configured component carrier is captured consecutively by an indi­vidual data capture buffer.
●
"Auto": The R&S FSV/A determines how many component carriers it can capture in a single measurement.
If you select "Auto" mode, the R&S FSV/A captures as many component carriers as it can in a single measurement and captures the rest in subsequent measurements. The maximum number of component carriers the R&S FSV/A can analyze in a single cap­ture depends on the available bandwidth.
With the optional 400 MHz bandwidth, for example, it can analyze up to 4 100 MHz carriers in a single capture.
When all required measurements are done, the R&S FSV/A shows the results for all component carriers.
Remote command:
CONFigure[:NR5G]:CSCapture on page 303
Views
Results of component carrier measurements are shown for each component carrier separately. When you measure more than one carrier, each result display shows the information of up to two component carriers. For more than two component carriers, you can select which component carriers are displayed in the two views.
Remote command:
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>][:SUBWindow<w>]:CCNumber on page 451
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I/Q Measurement
Basic component carrier configuration Access: "Overview" > "Signal Description" > "Carrier Configuration"
The number of component carriers (CCs) you can select depends on the measure­ment.
●
I/Q based measurements (EVM etc.): up to 16 CCs
●
Frequency sweep measurements (ACLR etc.): up to 8 CCs
You can define the characteristics of the CCs in the carrier configuration table. Depending on the "Number of Component Carriers", the application adjusts the size of the table. Each line corresponds to a component carrier.
The R&S FSV/A shows a preview of the current carrier configuration in a diagram at the bottom of the dialog.
Frequency configuration ← Basic component carrier configuration
The location of each component carrier in the spectrum is defined by a center fre­quency. The frequencies of the carriers must be in an ascending order.
The R&S FSV/A indicates if the location of the carriers is compatible to the selected
operating band.
●
"Carrier within selected NR band"
●
"Carrier outside of selected NR band"
The actual measurement frequency differs from the carrier frequencies: the application calculates that frequency based on the carrier frequencies. It is somewhere in between the carrier frequencies.
Note that the measurement frequency can change during a capture. If the signal band­width is larger than the available analysis bandwidth, the captured data consists of sev­eral captures with a smaller bandwidth, each with a different measurement frequency.
The R&S FSV/A indicates the actual measurement frequency in the channel bar.
In addition to the carrier's center frequency, you have to define a frequency offset. By default, the frequency offset is an offset relative to the first component carrier and an arbitrary value.
●
When you change the offset of a carrier in the table, the R&S FSV/A adjusts its center frequency.
●
When you change the frequency of one of the carriers in the table, the R&S FSV/A adjusts the offset.
You can use additional tools to define the frequency characteristics of the component carriers.
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I/Q Measurement
Remote command: Frequency: [SENSe:]FREQuency:CENTer[:CC<cc>] on page 405 Offset (ref. point = CC1): [SENSe:]FREQuency:CENTer[:CC<cc>]:OFFSet on page 406 Offset (ref. point = global MC freq.): [SENSe:]FREQuency:CENTer[:CC<cc>]:
MCOFfset on page 306
Bandwidth configuration ← Basic component carrier configuration
For each carrier, select the "Bandwidth" from the corresponding dropdown menu. The combination of bandwidths is arbitrary. If the total bandwidth of all component car-
riers is too large, the R&S FSV/A displays a corresponding message. The R&S FSV/A also shows the "Occupied Bandwidth" of the aggregated carriers and
the "Sample Rate" in a read-only field next to the carrier configuration. Remote command:
CONFigure[:NR5G]:DL[:CC<cc>]:BW on page 298
Channel Raster ← Basic component carrier configuration Access: "Overview" > "Signal Description" > "Carrier Configuration" > "Global"
Shows the distance between the RF reference frequencies in the selected operating
band. The distance between frequencies depends on the channel raster the operating
band belongs to (channel raster are defined by 3GPP).
Frequency spectrum
Operating band
n1 n2
Channel raster for n3
RF reference frequencies F
Channel raster defines distance between F
For most operating bands, the channel raster is a fix value of 15 kHz, 60 kHz or 100 kHz.
n3
n5
...
REF
n96
REF
A few selected operating bands support multiple channel raster. The channel raster is the basis for the calculation of the channel spacing (distance
between component carriers) for intra-band contiguous carrier aggregation.
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I/Q Measurement
For details about the channel raster and its effects, see 3GPP 38.104, chapter 5.4.2. Remote command:
CONFigure[:NR5G]:CRASter on page 303
Nominal Channel Spacing
Resets the channel spacing between component carriers to its default value according to the channel spacings defined by 3GPP.
This setting has an effect if you change the distance (frequency offset) between the component carriers, for example by changing the frequency of one of the carriers.
Remote command:
CONFigure[:NR5G]:NCSPacing on page 304
Additional tools for frequency configuration Access: "Overview" > "Signal Description" > "Carrier Configuration" > "MC Setup"
You can either define the frequency characteristics of each component carrier sepa­rately in the component carrier table, or use the following tools. These tools allow you to change the frequency characteristics of all component carriers at the same time according to a certain logic.
Note that regardless of the changes you make with these tools, the carrier bandwidth of each carrier remains the same.
Center frequency configuration ← Additional tools for frequency configuration
The global multicarrier frequency is a tool you can use to change the center frequency of all carriers at the same time.
Center frequencies of the component carriers remain the same, as long as you do not change the global MC frequency. When you change the global MC frequency, the cen­ter frequencies change and the frequency offset for each carrier remains the same.
You can also synchronize the global MC frequency to the center frequency of all carri­ers.
Remote command: Define global MC frequency: CONFigure[:NR5G]:GMCFreq on page 304 Synchronize to center frequency: CONFigure[:NR5G]:CENTer on page 302
Frequency offset configuration ← Additional tools for frequency configuration
The frequency offset configuration tools allow you to change the freqeuncy offset between carriers.
By default, the frequency offset of each component carrier is a frequency relative to the first component carrier (CC1). In that case, the offset of the first carrier is always 0 Hz.
Alternatively, you can set a frequency offset that is relative to the global multicarrier fre-
quency. In that case, the offset can take on negative values if a carrier is on a fre-
quency below the global MC frequency. For both methods, the offsets are arbitrary values - the spacing between carriers is not
equidistant.
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4.1.6 Radio frame configuration

Configuration
I/Q Measurement
If you have a setup in which the distance between carriers is the same, you can use the equidistant frequency offset mode. In this mode, you can define a carrier spacing that is applied to all component carriers. Changing the component carrier's offset sepa­rately is no longer possible. Center frequencies of the component carriers are automat­ically adjusted depending on the carrier spacing you enter.
You can change this logic by turning on a fixed CC offset. When you do, the offset becomes a fixed value (but not necessarily equidistant). Changing the frequency of one carrier adjusts the frequencies of the other carriers. The offset remains the same.
Remote command: Reference point: CONFigure[:NR5G]:OREL on page 306 Offset mode: CONFigure[:NR5G]:OMODe on page 305 Carrier spacing: CONFigure[:NR5G]:CSPacing on page 303 Fixed offset: CONFigure[:NR5G]:FCOFfset on page 304
Access: "Overview" > "Signal Description" > "Radio Frame Config"
Basic frame structure
A radio frame in the 5G NR standard has a length of 10 ms (same as in LTE). It con­sists of 10 subframes, each with a length of 1 ms.
A subframe contains a variable number of slots, depending on the subcarrier spacing. A subframe can have different subcarrier spacings in different bandwidth parts.
Subframe
= 1 ms
Bandwidth part 2 (= x MHz)
Bandwidth part 2 (= x MHz)
Bandwidth part 1 (= x MHz)
Bandwidth part 1 (= x MHz)
Bandwidth part 0 (= x MHz)
Channel bandwidth (x subcarrier)
x slots
Figure 4-1: Basic frame structure of a 5G NR frame
Bandwidth part 0 (= x MHz)
Frame
= 10 ms
Slot structure
A slot contains 14 OFDM symbols and has a bandwidth the size of the bandwidth part it is in. A slot can have one of many slot formats, with each slot format representing a different symbol usage. Most of the symbols are usually used by the PDSCH for trans­mission of user data (payload).
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Resource blocks
One symbol with a bandwidth of 12 subcarriers makes up a resource block (the size of the subcarrier is variable). One symbol over one subcarrier makes up a resource ele­ment, which is the basic quantity in a 5G NR radio frame.
The 5G NR standard differentiates between virtual resource blocks (VRB) and physical resource blocks (PRB). VRBs are all resource blocks that are allocated to the resource grid. PRBs have the same size and number as VRBs, but can be mapped to different subcarriers to according to certain rules defined by 3GPP. Mapping to different subcar­riers can be useful to use the resource grid more efficiently.
1 Subframe (1 ms) = x slots, x depends on subcarrier spacing
Slot 1 = 14 OFDM symbols
...
...
12 Subcarrier
Resource Block
...
...
Carrier Bandwidth (variable)
12 Subcarrier
Resource Block
Figure 4-2: Basic slot structure of a 5G NR slot
The radio frame in a 5G NR signal is highly flexible. The location of the synchronization signal is just as variable as the size and number of bandwidth parts and the configura­tion of each slot in the radio frame.
For more information about configuring the radio frame structure, refer to the following topics.
●
Synchronization Signal
●
Bandwidth parts
●
Slots
●
PDSCH
...
...
Resource Block
Resource Block
Slot x = 14 OFDM symbols
...
...
Measuring multiple radio frames
You can capture and analyze multiple radio frames. Each radio frame can have a dif­ferent configuration.
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Configuring component carriers
When you are doing measurements on aggregated carriers, you can configure each carrier separately.
When available, each carrier in the dialog boxes is represented by an additional tab labeled "CC<x>", with <x> indicating the number of the component carrier.
Note that the additional tabs are only added to the user interface after you have selected more than "1" component carrier.
Frame Configuration..................................................................................................... 83
Effects of capturing multiple frames on results..............................................................84
Frame Configuration Management............................................................................... 84
Frame Configuration
The "# Frames To Configure" input field defines the number of radio frames with a dif­ferent configuration. If you select more than one frame to configure, you can assign a different slot configuration and PDSCH configuration for the frames. The synchroniza­tion signal and bandwidth part configuration is the same for all frames.
To configure a specific frame, enter the corresponding number in the "Selected Frame" field. If you configure only one frame ("# Frames To Configure" = 1), all frames have the same configuration.
After you have configured several frames, you can also select how many frames the R&S FSV/A actually captures and analyzes with the "Number of Frames to Analyze" property. If you capture more than the number of configurable frames, the frame con­figuration is repeated for the surplus frames.
Example:
The number of configurable frames is 2. The number of frames you have captured is 5. In that case, the BWP configuration of frame 0 and 1 is repeated for frames 2 to 4.
If you capture less than the number of configurable frames, only the first frame configu­rations are applied.
Example:
The number of configurable frames is 3. The number of frames you have captured is 1. In that case, the BWP configuration of frame 0 is used for analysis.
In addition, if the R&S FSV/A needs more than one capture to analyze all frames, for example if the capture time is too small, the capture always starts with the configura­tion of the first frame.
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Example:
The number of configurable frames is 3. The capture time is 20.1 ms. The number of frames you have captured is 3.
The first capture contains 2 full frames with configuration of frame 0 and 1. The second capture contains 1 frame, again with configuration of frame 0. (If you want to capture a frame with the third configuration, you would have to define a
capture time of at least 30.1 ms.)
Remote command: Configurable frames: CONFigure[:NR5G]:DL[:CC<cc>]:FTConfig on page 308 Frame selection: via suffix at FRAMe<fr>
Effects of capturing multiple frames on results
Analyzing multiple frames has the following effects on results.
●
Results in the result summary are either averaged over all frames or refer to a sin­gle frame, depending on your selection.
●
All graphical results refer to a single frame. If there is more than one frame in the capture buffer, you can select the frame you want to display.
●
The R&S FSV/A can only display graphical results of the last data capture. If the capture time is too small to capture all frames to analyze, the R&S FSV/A captures the signal in multiple capture buffers. Note that this only applies to graphical results like EVM vs Carrier or the constella­tion diagram. The result summary still averages over all analyzed frames.
Example:
The capture time is 20.1 ms. The number of frames to analyze is 3. Two data captures are required to analyze all frames.
In that case, the first data capture analyzes the first two frames. The second data cap­ture analyzes the third frame. However, you can only display the results for the third frame in the graphical result displays.
If you analyze multiple component carriers, you can also display the results for a spe­cific frame by assigning a frame to a view.
Remote command: Select a frame: [SENSe:]NR5G[:CC<cc>]:FRAMe:SELect on page 458 Assign frame to a view: DISPlay[:WINDow<n>][:SUBWindow<w>]:FNUMber on page 451
Frame Configuration Management
The R&S FSV/A provides some tools to make frame configuration easier.
●
"Copy Frame": Copies the bandwidth part configuration of the selected frame. Note that this includes the slot configuration and PDSCH/PDCCH configuration of that frame.
●
"Paste Frame": Applies the bandwidth part configuration in the cache to the selected frame.
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4.1.7 Synchronization signal configuration

Configuration
I/Q Measurement
●
"Paste To All": Applies the bandwidth part configuration in the cache to all configu­rable frames.
Remote command: Copy: CONFigure[:NR5G]:DL[:CC<cc>]:FRAMe<fr>:COPY on page 307 Paste: CONFigure[:NR5G]:DL[:CC<cc>]:FRAMe<fr>:PASTe[:FRAMe] on page 307 Paste to all: CONFigure[:NR5G]:DL[:CC<cc>]:FRAMe<fr>:PASTe:ALL on page 307
Access: "Overview" > "Signal Description" > "Radio Frame Config" > "Synchroniza­tion"
The 3GPP 5G NR standard defines two synchronization signals (SS), the primary syn­chronization signal (PSS) and the secondary synchronization signal (SSS). They are bundled in a synchronization signal block (SS/PBCH block). Both synchronization sig­nals are used for radio frame synchronization. The UE also uses the synchronization signals to detect the physical layer cell ID.
In addition to the two synchronization signals, the SS/PBCH block also includes the physical broadcast channel (PBCH). The PBCH carries general system information.
An SS/PBCH block is transmitted on a fix schedule. Each half frame contains either 4, 8 or 64 SS/PBCH blocks, depending on the subcarrier spacing and the deploy fre­quency range.
The synchronization signals are assigned to fix symbols as defined by 3GPP, but you can adjust the subcarriers on which they are transmitted.
Slot 1 Slot 2 Slot 3
Subcarrier
PSS
SSS
PBCH
OFDM symbols
Figure 4-3: Location of synchronization signals in a succession of several slots
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Detection of synchronization signal
The R&S FSV/A supports automatic detection of the synchronization signal character­istics. When you select "Auto" detection mode, the R&S FSV/A detects various syn­chronization signal properties like the the subcarrier spacing, block pattern and the fre­quency offset (in terms of resource blocks and subcarriers).
When you select "Manual" mode, you can describe the synchronization signals man­ually with various characteristics.
If you measure a signal with a bad signal-to-noise ratio, for example due to a low signal level, manual configuration of the synchronization signals can increase the synchroni­zation probability.
When you turn on automatic signal detection, the settings in this dialog box are unavailable.
Synchronization signal in multiple frame analysis
If you measure multiple frames, the configuration of the synchronization signal is the same for all frames. Therefore, the synchronization signal configuration is only availa­ble for the first frame.
Configuring component carriers
When you are doing measurements on aggregated carriers, you can configure each carrier separately.
When available, each carrier in the dialog boxes is represented by an additional tab labeled "CC<x>", with <x> indicating the number of the component carrier.
Note that the additional tabs are only added to the user interface after you have selected more than "1" component carrier.
The remote commands required to configure the synchronization signals are described in Chapter 6.9.6, "Synchronization signal configuration", on page 308.
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Subcarrier Spacing (synchronization signal).................................................................87
SS/PBCH Block Pattern................................................................................................87
Synchronization Signal Offset.......................................................................................87
Burst Set Periodicity......................................................................................................89
SS/PBCH Block State................................................................................................... 89
Half Frame Offset..........................................................................................................90
Relative Power..............................................................................................................90
Subcarrier Spacing (synchronization signal)
The "Subcarrier Spacing" selects the subcarrier spacing for the synchronization sig­nals.
The available subcarrier spacings depend on the frequency range you have selected.
●
FR1: 15 kHz, 30 kHz (30 kHz unavailable for a 5 MHz channel bandwidth.)
●
FR2-1: 120 kHz, 240 kHz (240 kHz unavailable for a 50 MHz channel bandwidth.)
●
FR2-2: 120 kHz, 480 kHz, 960 kHz Note that a 60 kHz subcarrier spacing is only supported for the user data transmission. Subcarrier spacings for FR2-2 have been introduced in 3GPP release 17. Remote command:
CONFigure[:NR5G]:DL[:CC<cc>]:SSBLock<ssb>:SSPacing on page 313
SS/PBCH Block Pattern
The "SS Block Pattern" defines which symbols in a slot carry the synchronization sig­nals.
●
"Case A": Used for subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz and a carrier frequency in FR1.
●
"Case B": Used for subcarrier spacing of 30 kHz and a carrier frequency in FR1.
●
"Case C": Used for subcarrier spacing of 30 kHz and a carrier frequency in FR1.
The start symbol index for the SS/PBCH blocks is different than "Case B".
●
"Case D": Used for subcarrier spacing of 120 kHz and a carrier frequency in FR2.
●
"Case E": Used for subcarrier spacing of 240 kHz and a carrier frequency in FR2.
●
"Case F": Used for subcarrier spacing of 480 kHz and carrier frequency in FR2-2.
●
"Case G": Used for subcarrier spacing of 960 kHz and carrier frequency in FR2-2. For cases A, B and C, the symbols occupied by the SS further depend on if the carrier
frequency is below or above 3 GHz. For a comprehensive description of the block patterns, refer to 3GPP 38.213, chapter
4.1. The R&S FSV/A automatically selects the valid case, depending on the selected fre-
quency range and subcarrier spacing - you only have to select the case for a subcar-
rier spacing of 30 kHz. Remote command:
CONFigure[:NR5G]:DL[:CC<cc>]:SSBLock<ssb>:PATTern on page 311
Synchronization Signal Offset
The "RB Offset" and "Additional Subcarrier Offset" parameters define the location of the synchronization signals in the frequency domain in terms of resource blocks (RB) and subcarrier.
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Both values are either relative to the first subcarrier of the channel or the reference
point A, depending on the "Offset Rel To" property.
●
If you select "TxBW", the offset refers to a resource grid with the subcarrier spacing
of the bandwidth part.
●
If you select "Reference Point A", the offset refers to a resource grid with a 15 kHz
subcarrier spacing (deployment in FR1) or a 60 kHz subcarrier spacing (deploy-
ment in FR2). Note that an offset relative to the "TxBW" is only supported if one of the bandwidth
parts has the same subcarrier spacing as the synchronization signal. Therefore, for a
SS/PBCH subcarrier spacing = 240 kHz, the reference is always the reference point A. The read-only field next to the input fields indicates the frequency offset of the SS/
PBCH block in Hz, relative to the center of the channel bandwidth.
Example:
For "Offset Rel To" = "TXBW": An RB offset = 0 would position the first subcarrier of the SS/PBCH block on the first
subcarrier of the channel. An RB offset = 12 would position the first subcarrier of the SS/PBCH block on the
144th subcarrier of the channel.
First subcarrier of channel
a. RB offset = 0
b. RB offset > 0, < max.
c. RB offset = max.
Figure 4-4: Synchronization signal block offset relative to the first subcarrier
For "Offset Rel To" = "Ref Point A": The RB offset must consider the distance between reference point A and the first sub-
carrier of the channel (min. offset). The min. offset would position the first subcarrier of the SS/PBCH block on the first
subcarrier of the channel. An RB offset greater than the minimum RB offset would place the SS/PBCH block on
the nth subcarrier of the channel.
RB offset: at least min. offset
Channel
min. offset
First subcarrier of channel
First subcarrier of channel
First subcarrier of channel
First subcarrier of channel
First subcarrier of channel
Reference point A
Reference point A
Figure 4-5: Synchronization signal block offset relative to the reference point A
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You can fine-tune the location by defining an "Additional Subcarrier Offset".
Example:
An SS block offset = 12 and an additional subcarrier offset = 6 would position the first subcarrier of the SS/PBCH block on the 150th subcarrier of the channel or above the reference point A (provided that the minimum offset is lower than 150 subcarriers).
Remote command: Resource blocks: CONFigure[:NR5G]:DL[:CC<cc>]:SSBLock<ssb>:OFFSet on page 310 Subcarrier: CONFigure[:NR5G]:DL[:CC<cc>]:SSBLock<ssb>:ASOFfset on page 308 Offset reference: CONFigure[:NR5G]:DL[:CC<cc>]:SSBLock<ssb>:RTO on page 313
Burst Set Periodicity
The "Burst Set Periodicity" determines how often a block of synchronization signals is transmitted.
Currently, the R&S FSV/A supports a burst set periodicity of 10 ms which corresponds to a transmission in every frame.
The following periodicities are supported.
●
5 ms: transmission in every half frame.
●
10 ms: transmission in every frame.
●
20 ms: transmission in every second frame.
●
40 ms: transmission in every fourth frame. Burst set periodicities greater than 10 ms are useful for the analysis of multiple frames. Remote command:
CONFigure[:NR5G]:DL[:CC<cc>]:SSBLock<ssb>:BSPeriod on page 309
SS/PBCH Block State
A half frame can contain up to 4, 8 or 64 SS/PBCH blocks, depending on the selected subcarrier spacing and the deploy frequency range. However, you can exclude individ­ual SS/PBCH blocks from the signal description if you measure a signal that contains less than the supported number of SS/PBCH blocks.
When you select the "Configure" button, the R&S FSV/A opens a dialog box to turn individual SS/PBCH blocks on and off.
The number of SS/PBCH blocks that you can turn on and off (4, 8 or 64) depends on the deployment.
●
4 SS/PBCH blocks for a deployment in FR1 ≤ 3 GHz.*
●
8 SS/PBCH blocks for a deployment in FR1 above 3 GHz.
●
64 SS/PBCH blocks for a deployment in FR2. *A special scenario also allows you to use 8 SS/PBCH blocks for a deployment
< 3 GHz:
●
Select a 30 kHz subcarrier spacing.
●
Select a "Case C" block pattern.
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●
The "L Selection" parameter becomes available. Select the number of resource
blocks to use (4 or 8). Remote command:
SS/PBCH block state: CONFigure[:NR5G]:DL[:CC<cc>]:SSBLock<ssb>[:
STATe<ss>] on page 314
L selection: CONFigure[:NR5G]:DL[:CC<cc>]:SSBLock<ssb>:L on page 310
Half Frame Offset
Selects the half frame in which the synchronization signal is in. Select "0" if your SSB is in the first half frame, and "1" if it is in the second. This selection only has an effect for synchronization signals with a periodicity greater
than 5 ms. Remote command:
CONFigure[:NR5G]:DL[:CC<cc>]:SSBLock<ssb>:HFOFfset on page 309
Relative Power
You can define an additional boosting for each synchronization signal. The "PSS Rel Power" defines the relative power of the PSS. The "SSS Rel Power" defines the relative power of the SSS. The "PBCH Rel Power" defines the relative power of the PBCH. The "PBCH DMRS Power" defines the power of the PBCH demodulation reference sig-
nal (DMRS) relative to the PBCH power. Remote command:
PSS: CONFigure[:NR5G]:DL[:CC<cc>]:SSBLock<ssb>:PSS:POWer on page 312 SSS: CONFigure[:NR5G]:DL[:CC<cc>]:SSBLock<ssb>:SSS:POWer on page 314 PBCH: CONFigure[:NR5G]:DL[:CC<cc>]:SSBLock<ssb>:PBCH:POWer on page 311 PBCH DMRS: CONFigure[:NR5G]:DL[:CC<cc>]:SSBLock<ssb>:PDMRs:POWer on page 312

4.1.8 Bandwidth part configuration

Access: "Overview" > "Signal Description" > "Radio Frame Config" > "BWP Config"
One of the defining features of the 5G NR standard is bandwidth parts (BWP). Using bandwidth parts, you can split the complete channel bandwidth into several smaller sli­ces. A bandwidth part is defined as a contiguous set of physical resource blocks that have the same subcarrier spacing (or numerology as the 3GPP standard calls it).
The numerology has several effects on the signal, like the symbol length and the num­ber of slots in a subframe.
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Table 4-1: Numerology in 5G NR
Numerology 0 1 2 3 4
Subcarrier spacing 15 kHz 30 kHz 60 kHz 120 kHz 240 kHz
Slot length 1 ms 0.5 ms 0.25 ms 0.125 ms 0.0625 ms
Number of slots in subframe 1 2 4 8 16
Table 4-2: Additional numerology introduced with 3GPP release 17
Numerology 5 6
Subcarrier spacing 480 kHz 960 kHz
Slot length 0.03125 ms 0.015625 ms
Number of slots in subframe 32 64
The number of bandwidth parts you can configure with the R&S FSV/A is limited to 12. During transmission, each bandwidth part can be assigned to a specific user equip­ment (UE). Bandwidth parts can overlap, in which case UEs share the resource ele­ments of a bandwidth part.
For measurements on signals with multiple bandwidth parts, it is sufficient to configure only the active bandwidth part.
You can configure bandwidth parts in the bandwidth part configuration table. This table contains the characteristics of all bandwidth parts in the currently selected frame. You can add or remove bandwidth parts and configure them as you like.
Each row in the table corresponds to a bandwidth part.
Detection of bandwidth part configuration
The R&S FSV/A supports automatic detection of the bandwidth part configuration. When you select "Auto" detection mode, the R&S FSV/A detects the bandwidth part configuration, slot configuration and PDSCH and CORESET allocations.
When you select "Manual" mode, you can describe the bandwidth part manually with various characteristics.
If you measure a signal with a bad signal-to-noise ratio, for example due to a low signal level, manual configuration of the bandwidth parts can increase the synchronization probability.
When you turn on automatic signal detection, the settings in this dialog box are unavailable.
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Configuring component carriers
When you are doing measurements on aggregated carriers, you can configure each carrier separately.
When available, each carrier in the dialog boxes is represented by an additional tab labeled "CC<x>", with <x> indicating the number of the component carrier.
Note that the additional tabs are only added to the user interface after you have selected more than "1" component carrier.
The remote commands required to configure the bandwidth parts are described in
Chapter 6.9.7, "Bandwidth part configuration", on page 315.
● BWP configuration table management....................................................................92
● BWP configuration table..........................................................................................93
4.1.8.1 BWP configuration table management
The R&S FSV/A provides several tools to manage the configuration table and make the configuration of bandwidth parts easier.
Bandwidth Part Selection..............................................................................................92
BWP Configuration Tools.............................................................................................. 93
Bandwidth Part Selection
You can select the bandwidth part you want to configure by entering its number in the "Selected BWP" input field. In the configuration table, the selected bandwidth part is highlighted blue.
You can also select bandwidth parts with the "Prev BWP" and "Next BWP" buttons. Note that when you select a bandwidth part, the R&S FSV/A also selects that band-
width part in the Slot Config and PDSCH / PDCCH Config tabs and vice versa.
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Remote command: via suffix at BWPart<bwp>
BWP Configuration Tools
The BWP configuration table provides several management tools.
●
"Add": Adds a bandwidth part to the table.
●
"Remove": Deletes the selected (highlighted) bandwidth part.
●
"Clear": Removes all entries from the table.
●
"Duplicate": Copies the configuration of the selected bandwidth part to a new band-
width part.
Note that this includes the Slot Config and PDSCH / PDCCH. Remote command:
Add BWP: CONFigure[:NR5G]:DL[:CC<cc>]:FRAMe<fr>:BWPart<bwp>:ADD on page 315 Remove BWP: CONFigure[:NR5G]:DL[:CC<cc>]:FRAMe<fr>:BWPart<bwp>:
REMove on page 317
Clear table: CONFigure[:NR5G]:DL[:CC<cc>]:FRAMe<fr>:BWPart<bwp>:
CLEar on page 315
Duplicate BWP: CONFigure[:NR5G]:DL[:CC<cc>]:FRAMe<fr>:BWPart<bwp>:
DUPLicate on page 316
4.1.8.2 BWP configuration table
The bandwidth part configuration table consists of several rows, each of which corre­sponds to a bandwidth part. The size of the table therefore depends on the number of bandwidth parts you have added to the table.
Preview diagram
The preview diagram shows the distribution and location of the bandwidth parts. The x­axis represents the bandwidth part, the y-axis represent the frequency, with the point of origin of the diagram being the first subcarrier. The color depends on the subcarrier spacing selected for the corresponding bandwidth part.
The width of the bandwidth parts depends on the number of resource blocks it occu­pies. The location of the bandwidth part on the y-axis depends on the resource block offset.
If two or more bandwidth parts overlap (share the same resource blocks), the corre­sponding parts of the bandwidth part are highlighted by black lines.
Unused parts of the spectrum remain gray.
Numerology
Next to the bandwidth part configuration table, the R&S FSV/A displays various infor­mation about the numerology in the currently selected bandwidth part.
●
"Numerology": Shows the numerology of the bandwidth part as defined by 3GPP.
●
"Slots per SF": Shows the number of slots in a subframe in the selected BWP. The
number of slots depends on the selected subcarrier spacing.
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●
"Symbols Per Slot": Shows the number of symbols in a slot in the selected BWP.
●
"Bandwidth": Shows the width of the selected BWP in Hz.
●
"Delta To CF": Shows the frequency offset of the BWP relative to the center fre-
quency of the complete signal.
●
"Total # Slots": Shows the complete number of slots in the BWP over all subframes.
The number of slots depends on the selected subcarrier spacing.
●
"Max # RBs": Shows the maximum number of resource blocks that the bandwidth
part can have.
●
"FFT Size": Shows the FFT size in the selected BWP. The FFT size depends on
the selected subcarrier spacing.
BWP Number................................................................................................................ 94
Subcarrier Spacing (user data)..................................................................................... 94
# RBs............................................................................................................................ 95
RB Offset.......................................................................................................................95
Slot Config.....................................................................................................................95
BWP Number
The "BWP Number " shows the index number of the corresponding BWP. The bandwidth part number is a consecutive index number that allows you to identify
each bandwidth part. The first bandwidth part has the index number 0. Remote command:
not supported
Subcarrier Spacing (user data)
The "Subcarrier Spacing" selects the subcarrier spacing for the corresponding BWP. The available subcarrier spacings depend on the frequency range you have selected.
●
FR1: 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz
Note that 15 kHz is only available for channel bandwidths < 60 MHz.
●
FR2-1: 60 kHz, 120 kHz
●
FR2-2: 120 kHz, 480 kHz, 960 kHz
The following restrictions apply:
– Channel bandwidtj = 100 MHz: 120 kHz
– Channel bandwidth = 400 MHz: 120 kHz, 480 kHz and 960 kHz
– Channel bandwidth = 800 MHz and 1600 MHz: 480 kHz and 960 kHz
– Channel bandwidth = 2000 MHz: 960 kHz Note that a 240 kHz subcarrier spacing is only supported for the synchronization sig-
nal.
Subcarrier spacings are indicated by different colors in the preview diagram.
●
●
●
●
●
●
: 15 kHz
: 30 kHz
: 60 kHz
: 120 kHz : 480 kHz : 960 kHz
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For bandwidth parts with a 60 kHz subcarrier spacing, you can select if it has a normal cyclic prefix (NCP) or an extended cyclic prefix (ECP). Note that the diagrams only show results if you select the BWP with the extended cyclic prefix from the evaluation
range.
Remote command:
CONFigure[:NR5G]:DL[:CC<cc>]:FRAMe<fr>:BWPart<bwp>:SSPacing
on page 317
# RBs
The "# RBs" defines the number of physical resource blocks (PRB) the bandwidth part occupies. The number of physical resource blocks also defines the frequency width of the bandwidth part.
The maximum number of physical resource blocks for a bandwidth part depends on the selected subcarrier spacing and the overall channel bandwidth, which in turn depend on the selected frequency range. For a detailed overview, see 3GPP 38.104, tables 5.3.2-1 and 5.3.2-2.
Bandwidth parts can share resource blocks. Remote command:
CONFigure[:NR5G]:DL[:CC<cc>]:FRAMe<fr>:BWPart<bwp>:RBCount
on page 316
RB Offset
The "RB Offset" defines an offset of the first resource block that the bandwidth part uses relative to the first resource block of the channel.
The resource block offset therefore defines the location (frequency) of the bandwidth part in the NR channel.
Remote command:
CONFigure[:NR5G]:DL[:CC<cc>]:FRAMe<fr>:BWPart<bwp>:RBOFfset
on page 317
Slot Config
The "Configure" button opens the dialog box to configure the slots in the corresponding bandwidth part.
For details, see Slot Config. Remote command:
not supported

4.1.9 Slot configuration

Access: "Overview" > "Signal Description" > "Radio Frame Config" > "Slot Config"
Slots
Slots are flexible entities in the 5G NR radio frame, whose characteristics depend on a number of factors.
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In the time domain, the length of a slot and the number of slots in a subframe depends on the numerology.
Each slot contains 14 OFDM symbols. Each symbol can have a different scheduling type to make scheduling during transmission as flexible as possible.
Slot configuration table
The slot configuration table represents the frame structure in the time domain. Each row corresponds to one slot, and each slot can have a different configuration.
When you turn on automatic signal detection, the settings in this dialog box are unavailable.
Selecting the bandwidth part to configure
► Enter the number of the bandwidth part you want to configure in the "Bandwidth
Part Number" field.
The R&S FSV/A selects the corresponding bandwidth part.
Note that when you select bandwidth part here, the R&S FSV/A also selects that
bandwidth part in the BWP Config tab and vice versa.
Configuring component carriers
When you are doing measurements on aggregated carriers, you can configure each carrier separately.
When available, each carrier in the dialog boxes is represented by an additional tab labeled "CC<x>", with <x> indicating the number of the component carrier.
Note that the additional tabs are only added to the user interface after you have selected more than "1" component carrier.
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4.1.9.1 General slot configuration
Configuration
I/Q Measurement
The remote commands required to configure the slots are described in Chapter 6.9.8,
"Slot configuration", on page 318.
● General slot configuration....................................................................................... 97
● Slot configuration table............................................................................................98
● CSI reference signal..............................................................................................100
● Positioning reference signal..................................................................................104
The slot configuration table contains a variable number of rows, depending on the bandwidth parts configuration.
Selected Slot.................................................................................................................97
Number of Configurable Slots.......................................................................................97
Slot Configuration Tools................................................................................................ 98
Selected Slot
You can select the slot you want to configure by entering its number in the "Selected Slot" input field. In the configuration table, the selected slot is highlighted blue.
You can also select slots with the "Prev Slot" and "Next Slot" buttons. Note that when you select a slot, the R&S FSV/A also selects that slot in the PDSCH /
PDCCH Config tab and vice versa.
Remote command: via suffix at SLOT<sl>
Number of Configurable Slots
You can configure each slot in the radio frame individually, but when more slots have the same configuration (for example each subframe has the same slot configurations), you can configure just a certain number of slots and repeat this configuration on other slots.
The slots you can edit ("# User Configurable Slots") are always the first slots in the table. For example, if the number of configurable slots is "4", you can edit the first four rows in the table. The cells of slots you can edit are white.
The slot configuration is repeated for all other slots. For example, if you can edit the first four slots, the subsequent four slots have the same configuration and so on. The configuration that a specific slot uses is indicated in the last column of the slot configu­ration table.
The "Periodicity" shown next to the slot configuration table indicates the length of all customized slots. For example, a periodicity of 1 ms in a BWP with a 30 kHz subcarrier spacing indicates that the first two slots have a custom configuration which is repeated every 1 ms.
Remote command:
CONFigure[:NR5G]:DL[:CC<cc>]:FRAMe<fr>:BWPart<bwp>:CSLot
on page 319
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Slot Configuration Tools
The R&S FSV/A provides some tools to make slot configuration easier.
●
"Copy Slot": Copies the slot configuration of the selected slot.
Note that this includes the PDSCH/PDCCH configuration of that slot.
●
"Paste Slot": Applies the slot configuration in the cache to the selected slot.
●
"Paste To": Applies the slot configuration to a set of configurable slots.
– Paste to "Slots": Paste to specific slots or range of slots (e.g. 1,2,5-8)
– Paste to "Data": Paste to all data slots.
– Paste to "Unused": Paste to all unused slots (they will turn into data slots).
– Paste to "Custom": Paste to selected slots according to a certain logic (period /
duration).
●
"Paste To All": Applies the slot configuration in the cache to all configurable slots.
●
"Reset Slot Config": Restores the default slot configuration (including the PDSCH/
PDCCH configuration). Remote command:
Copy: CONFigure[:NR5G]:DL[:CC<cc>]:FRAMe<fr>:BWPart<bwp>:
SLOT<sl>:COPY on page 320
Paste: CONFigure[:NR5G]:DL[:CC<cc>]:FRAMe<fr>:BWPart<bwp>:
SLOT<sl>:PASTe[:SLOT] on page 324
Paste to all: CONFigure[:NR5G]:DL[:CC<cc>]:FRAMe<fr>:BWPart<bwp>:
SLOT<sl>:PASTe:ALL on page 321
Paste to selected: CONFigure[:NR5G]:DL[:CC<cc>]:FRAMe<fr>:
BWPart<bwp>:SLOT<sl>:PASTe:TO on page 323
Reset: CONFigure[:NR5G]:DL[:CC<cc>]:FRAMe<fr>:BWPart<bwp>:
SLOT<sl>:PRESet on page 325
4.1.9.2 Slot configuration table
The slot configuration table contains the configuration of all slots in the currently selected bandwidth part. The number of rows (slots) depends on the subcarrier spac-
ing in the selected bandwidth part.
The complete number of slots in the selected bandwidth part is indicated next to the table ("n Slots in BWP x").
Slot preview
The slot preview shows the scheduling of the OFDM symbols in the selected slot.
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Figure 4-6: Preview of symbol usage for slot format 38 as defined in 3GPP 38.211, table 4.3.2-3
The scheduling depends on the selected slot format.
Subframe Number.........................................................................................................99
Slot Number.................................................................................................................. 99
Slot Allocation............................................................................................................... 99
Slot Format....................................................................................................................99
PDSCH Allocations..................................................................................................... 100
Repeated Slot No........................................................................................................100
Ref Signals..................................................................................................................100
Subframe Number
The "Subframe Number" shows the index number (0 to 9) of the subframe that the slot belongs to.
The number of subframes is always 10, the number of slots in a subframe varies, depending on the subcarrier spacing / numerology. The first subframe always has the index 0.
Remote command: not supported
Slot Number
The "Slot Number" shows the index number (0 to n) of the corresponding slot. The selected slot is highlighted blue. The number of slots in the frame varies, depending on the subcarrier spacing / numer-
ology. The first slot always has the index 0.
Remote command: not supported
Slot Allocation
The "Slot Allocation" selects the usage of the corresponding slot.
●
"Data": Slot is used for user data transmission.
●
"Unused": Slot is not used. Remote command:
CONFigure[:NR5G]:DL[:CC<cc>]:FRAMe<fr>:BWPart<bwp>:SLOT<sl>: ATYPe on page 319
Slot Format
The "Slot Format" selects one of the slot formats defined by 3GPP for the correspond­ing slot.
The slot format defines the usage of the OFDM symbols in a slot. Possible symbol usa­ges are:
●
Uplink: Symbol carries uplink information.
●
Downlink: Symbol carries downlink information.
●
Flexible: Symbol usage is undefined and can carry uplink or downlink information.
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The symbol usage of the selected slot format is indicated in the slot preview. For a comprehensive list of all supported slot formats, see 3GPP 38.211, table 4.3.2-3:
"Slot formats". 3GPP release 16 unlocks additional slot formats. Remote command:
CONFigure[:NR5G]:DL[:CC<cc>]:FRAMe<fr>:BWPart<bwp>:SLOT<sl>: FORMat on page 320
PDSCH Allocations
The "Configure" button opens the dialog box to configure the PDSCH or CORESET allocations in the corresponding slot.
For details, see Chapter 4.1.10, "PDSCH and PDCCH configuration", on page 107. Remote command:
not supported
Repeated Slot No
The "Repeated Slot No" shows the slot number on which the configuration of a slot is based on.
If the table cell says "User", the slot is configured manually. If the table cell contains a number, the slot configuration is the same as the slot indica-
ted by that number. For example, if the cell contains the number "1", the slot configura­tion is the same as the slot with the index number 1.
Remote command: not supported
Ref Signals
Opens a dialog box to configure reference signals transmitted in the corresponding slot.
For details, see Chapter 4.1.9.3, "CSI reference signal", on page 100. Remote command:
not supported
4.1.9.3 CSI reference signal
The channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) is used to estimate the prop­erties of the signal propagation channel from the base station to the user equipment. This information is quantized and fed back to the base station. The base station makes use of this information for example to calculate the channel quality or to adjust the beamforming parameters.
You can define various parameters to describe the physical attributes and structure of the CSI-RS, for example where it is located in the resource grid or how often it occurs in the signal.
The CSI-RS configuration is specific to a bandwidth part.
Within a bandwidth part, the CSI-RS configuration depends on the number of resour­ces you define. Each resource of the CSI-RS can have a different configuration. You
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