Rohde&Schwarz FSV3-K10x User Manual

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R&S®FSV3-K10x (LTE Downlink) LTE Downlink Measurement Application User Manual

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1178921002 Version 07

This manual applies to the following R&S®FSV3000 and R&S®FSVA3000 models with firmware version

1.90 and higher:

●

R&S®FSV3004 (1330.5000K04) / R&S®FSVA3004 (1330.5000K05)

●

R&S®FSV3007 (1330.5000K07) / R&S®FSVA3007 (1330.5000K08)

●

R&S®FSV3013 (1330.5000K13) / R&S®FSVA3013 (1330.5000K14)

●

R&S®FSV3030 (1330.5000K30) / R&S®FSVA3030 (1330.5000K31)

●

R&S®FSV3044 (1330.5000K43) / R&S®FSVA3044 (1330.5000K44)

●

R&S®FSV3050 (1330.5000K50) / R&S®FSVA3050 (1330.5000K51)

The following firmware options are described:

●

R&S®FSV3-K100 (EUTRA/LTE FDD downlink measurement application) (order no. 1330.5145.02)

●

R&S®FSV3-K102 (EUTRA/LTE Advanced and MIMO Downlink Measurement Application) (order no.

1330.5168.02)

●

R&S®FSV3-K104 (EUTRA/LTE TDD downlink measurement application) (order no. 1330.5174.02)

© 2022 Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG Muehldorfstr. 15, 81671 Muenchen, Germany Phone: +49 89 41 29 - 0 Email: info@rohde-schwarz.com Internet: www.rohde-schwarz.com Subject to change – data without tolerance limits is not binding. R&S® is a registered trademark of Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG. Trade names are trademarks of the owners.

1178.9210.02 | Version 07 | R&S®FSV3-K10x (LTE Downlink)

Throughout this manual, products from Rohde & Schwarz are indicated without the ® symbol , e.g. R&S®FSW is indicated as R&S FSW.

R&S®FSV3-K10x (LTE Downlink)

1 Documentation overview.......................................................................7

1.1 Getting started manual................................................................................................. 7

1.2 User manuals and help.................................................................................................7

1.3 Service manual..............................................................................................................8

1.4 Instrument security procedures.................................................................................. 8

1.5 Printed safety instructions...........................................................................................8

1.6 Data sheets and brochures.......................................................................................... 8

1.7 Release notes and open-source acknowledgment (OSA).........................................8

1.8 Application notes, application cards, white papers, etc........................................... 9

2 Welcome to the LTE measurement application.................................10

Contents

2.1 Overview of the LTE applications..............................................................................10

2.2 Installation................................................................................................................... 12

2.3 Starting the LTE measurement application.............................................................. 12

2.4 Understanding the display information.................................................................... 12

3 Measurements and result displays.................................................... 15

3.1 Selecting measurements............................................................................................15

3.2 Selecting result displays............................................................................................ 16

3.3 Performing measurements.........................................................................................17

3.4 I/Q measurements....................................................................................................... 17

3.5 Time alignment error measurements........................................................................ 38

3.6 Transmit on / off power measurement...................................................................... 39

3.7 Frequency sweep measurements..............................................................................43

3.8 3GPP test scenarios................................................................................................... 52

4 Measurement Basics........................................................................... 54

4.1 Symbols and variables............................................................................................... 54

4.2 Overview...................................................................................................................... 55

4.3 The LTE downlink analysis measurement application............................................ 55

4.3.1 Synchronization.............................................................................................................55

4.3.2 Channel estimation and equalization............................................................................ 57

4.3.3 Analysis.........................................................................................................................57

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4.4 Performing time alignment measurements.............................................................. 58

4.5 Performing transmit on/off power measurements...................................................60

5 Configuration........................................................................................62

5.1 Configuration overview.............................................................................................. 62

5.2 I/Q Measurements....................................................................................................... 64

5.2.1 Signal characteristics.................................................................................................... 65

5.2.2 Test scenarios............................................................................................................... 72

5.2.3 Configuring MIMO setups............................................................................................. 73

5.2.4 PDSCH demodulation................................................................................................... 74

5.2.5 PDSCH subframe configuration.................................................................................... 76

5.2.6 Synchronization signal configuration.............................................................................82

5.2.7 Reference signal configuration......................................................................................84

Contents

5.2.8 Positioning reference signal configuration.................................................................... 85

5.2.9 Channel state information reference signal configuration............................................. 86

5.2.10 PDSCH resource block symbol offset........................................................................... 89

5.2.11 PBCH configuration.......................................................................................................90

5.2.12 PCFICH configuration................................................................................................... 90

5.2.13 PHICH configuration..................................................................................................... 91

5.2.14 PDCCH configuration....................................................................................................94

5.2.15 EPDCCH configuration................................................................................................. 95

5.2.16 Shared channel configuration....................................................................................... 97

5.2.17 MBSFN characteristics..................................................................................................97

5.2.18 Input source configuration...........................................................................................100

5.2.19 Frequency configuration..............................................................................................102

5.2.20 Amplitude configuration...............................................................................................103

5.2.21 Data capture................................................................................................................107

5.2.22 Trigger configuration................................................................................................... 109

5.2.23 Parameter estimation and tracking..............................................................................110

5.2.24 Measurement error compensation...............................................................................112

5.2.25 Demodulation.............................................................................................................. 112

5.2.26 Automatic configuration...............................................................................................115

5.3 Time Alignment Error Measurements......................................................................116

5.4 On / Off Power Measurements................................................................................. 116

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5.5 Frequency Sweep Measurements............................................................................117

5.5.1 ACLR Signal Description.............................................................................................117

5.5.2 SEM and Multi-Carrier SEM Signal Description.......................................................... 118

5.5.3 Cumulative ACLR........................................................................................................119

5.5.4 MC ACLR.................................................................................................................... 120

6 Analysis.............................................................................................. 122

6.1 General analysis tools.............................................................................................. 122

6.1.1 Data export..................................................................................................................122

6.1.2 Microservice export..................................................................................................... 123

6.1.3 Diagram scale............................................................................................................. 123

6.1.4 Zoom........................................................................................................................... 124

6.1.5 Markers....................................................................................................................... 124

Contents

6.2 Analysis tools for I/Q measurements......................................................................125

6.2.1 Layout of numerical results......................................................................................... 125

6.2.2 Evaluation range......................................................................................................... 126

6.2.3 Result settings.............................................................................................................129

6.3 Analysis tools for frequency sweep measurements............................................. 130

7 Remote control...................................................................................131

7.1 Common suffixes...................................................................................................... 131

7.2 Introduction............................................................................................................... 132

7.2.1 Conventions used in descriptions............................................................................... 133

7.2.2 Long and short form.................................................................................................... 133

7.2.3 Numeric suffixes..........................................................................................................134

7.2.4 Optional keywords.......................................................................................................134

7.2.5 Alternative keywords................................................................................................... 134

7.2.6 SCPI parameters.........................................................................................................135

7.3 LTE application selection......................................................................................... 137

7.4 Screen layout.............................................................................................................140

7.4.1 General layout.............................................................................................................140

7.4.2 Layout of a single channel.......................................................................................... 142

7.5 Measurement control................................................................................................150

7.5.1 Measurements............................................................................................................ 150

7.5.2 Measurement sequences............................................................................................153

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7.6 Trace data readout.................................................................................................... 155

7.6.1 The TRACe[:DATA] command.................................................................................... 155

7.6.2 Result readout.............................................................................................................172

7.7 Numeric result readout.............................................................................................174

7.7.1 Frame results.............................................................................................................. 174

7.7.2 Result for selection......................................................................................................176

7.7.3 Time alignment error................................................................................................... 182

7.7.4 Marker table................................................................................................................ 183

7.7.5 CCDF table................................................................................................................. 186

7.8 Limit check result readout....................................................................................... 188

7.8.1 Limits for graphical result displays.............................................................................. 188

7.8.2 Limits for numerical result display............................................................................... 190

7.9 Configuration.............................................................................................................198

Contents

7.9.1 General configuration..................................................................................................198

7.9.2 I/Q measurements.......................................................................................................200

7.9.3 Time alignment error measurements.......................................................................... 254

7.9.4 Transmit on/off power measurements.........................................................................255

7.9.5 Frequency sweep measurements............................................................................... 257

7.10 Analysis..................................................................................................................... 261

7.10.1 Trace export................................................................................................................ 261

7.10.2 Microservice export..................................................................................................... 262

7.10.3 Evaluation range......................................................................................................... 263

7.10.4 Y-axis scale................................................................................................................. 267

7.10.5 Result settings.............................................................................................................268

List of Commands (LTE DL).............................................................. 271

Index....................................................................................................278

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1 Documentation overview

This section provides an overview of the R&S FSV/A user documentation. Unless specified otherwise, you find the documents at:

www.rohde-schwarz.com/manual/FSVA3000

www.rohde-schwarz.com/manual/FSV3000

Further documents are available at:

www.rohde-schwarz.com/product/FSVA3000

www.rohde-schwarz.com/product/FSV3000

1.1 Getting started manual

Introduces the R&S FSV/A and describes how to set up and start working with the product. Includes basic operations, typical measurement examples, and general information, e.g. safety instructions, etc.

Documentation overview

User manuals and help

A printed version is delivered with the instrument. A PDF version is available for download on the Internet.

1.2 User manuals and help

Separate user manuals are provided for the base unit and the firmware applications:

●

Base unit manual Contains the description of all instrument modes and functions. It also provides an introduction to remote control, a complete description of the remote control commands with programming examples, and information on maintenance, instrument interfaces and error messages. Includes the contents of the getting started manual.

●

Firmware application manual Contains the description of the specific functions of a firmware application, including remote control commands. Basic information on operating the R&S FSV/A is not included.

The contents of the user manuals are available as help in the R&S FSV/A. The help offers quick, context-sensitive access to the complete information for the base unit and the firmware applications.

All user manuals are also available for download or for immediate display on the Internet.

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1.3 Service manual

Describes the performance test for checking the rated specifications, module replacement and repair, firmware update, troubleshooting and fault elimination, and contains mechanical drawings and spare part lists.

The service manual is available for registered users on the global Rohde & Schwarz information system (GLORIS):

R&S®FSVA3000/FSV3000 Service manual

1.4 Instrument security procedures

Deals with security issues when working with the R&S FSV/A in secure areas. It is available for download on the Internet.

Documentation overview

Release notes and open-source acknowledgment (OSA)

1.5 Printed safety instructions

Provides safety information in many languages. The printed document is delivered with the product.

1.6 Data sheets and brochures

The data sheet contains the technical specifications of the R&S FSV/A. It also lists the firmware applications and their order numbers, and optional accessories.

The brochure provides an overview of the instrument and deals with the specific characteristics.

See www.rohde-schwarz.com/brochure-datasheet/FSV3000 /

www.rohde-schwarz.com/brochure-datasheet/FSVA3000

1.7 Release notes and open-source acknowledgment (OSA)

The release notes list new features, improvements and known issues of the current firmware version, and describe the firmware installation.

The software makes use of several valuable open source software packages. An opensource acknowledgment document provides verbatim license texts of the used open source software.

See www.rohde-schwarz.com/firmware/FSV3000 /

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www.rohde-schwarz.com/firmware/FSVA3000

1.8 Application notes, application cards, white papers, etc.

These documents deal with special applications or background information on particular topics.

See www.rohde-schwarz.com/application/FSV3000 /

www.rohde-schwarz.com/application/FSVA3000

Documentation overview

Application notes, application cards, white papers, etc.

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2 Welcome to the LTE measurement applica-

tion

The R&S FSV/A-K100, -K102 and -K104 are firmware applications that add functionality to perform measurements on LTE signals according to the 3GPP standard to the R&S FSV/A.

This user manual contains a description of the functionality that the application provides, including remote control operation. Functions that are not discussed in this manual are the same as in the Spectrum application and are described in the R&S FSV/A User Manual. The latest versions of the manuals are available for download at the product homepage.

https://www.rohde-schwarz.com/manual/fsv3000.

● Overview of the LTE applications............................................................................10

● Installation...............................................................................................................12

● Starting the LTE measurement application............................................................. 12

● Understanding the display information....................................................................12

Welcome to the LTE measurement application

Overview of the LTE applications

2.1 Overview of the LTE applications

You can equip the R&S FSV/A with one or more LTE applications. Each of the applications provides functionality for specific measurement tasks.

R&S FSV/A-K100

The R&S FSV/A-K100 is designed to measure LTE FDD signals on the downlink.

The application has the following features:

●

Basic signal characteristics (like frequency, channel bandwidth or cyclic prefix).

●

Demodulation and configuration of the PDSCH transmitted over a single antenna and without precoding functionality.

●

Characteristics of the Synchronization and Reference signals.

●

Consideration of various control channels in the measurement (for example the PBCH or the PPDCH).

●

Analysis of individual antennas in a MIMO setup.

●

Tools to refine and filter the measurement results.

●

Various result displays that show the measured signal characteristics in a diagram or a numeric result table.

●

Available measurements: EVM, ACLR and SEM.

R&S FSV/A-K101

The R&S FSV/A-K101 is designed to measure LTE FDD signals on the uplink.

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The application has the following features:

●

Basic signal characteristics (like frequency, channel bandwidth or cyclic prefix).

●

Demodulation and configuration of the subframes transmitted over a single antenna.

●

Characteristics of the demodulation and sounding reference signals.

●

Consideration of the PUSCH, PUCCH and PRACH channels.

●

Analysis of individual antennas in a MIMO setup.

●

Tools to refine and filter the measurement results.

●

Various result displays that show the measured signal characteristics in a diagram or a numeric result table.

●

Available measurements: EVM, ACLR and SEM.

R&S FSV/A-K102

The R&S FSV/A-K102 is designed to measure LTE Advanced systems and MIMO systems on the downlink.

Note that this application only works in combination with either R&S FSV/A-K100 or K104.

Welcome to the LTE measurement application

Overview of the LTE applications

The application has the following features:

●

Support of 1024QAM modulation.

●

Consideration of the precoding schemes defined in the 3GPP standard.

●

Support of carrier aggregation.

●

Measurements on multimedia broadcast single frequency networks (MBSFNs).

●

Additional measurements: time alignment error, multi-carrier ACLR, cumulative ACLR and multi-SEM.

R&S FSV/A-K103

The R&S FSV/A-K103 is designed to measure LTE Advanced systems on the uplink.

Note that this application only works in combination with either R&S FSV/A-K101 or K105.

The application has the following features:

●

Support of 256QAM modulation.

●

Consideration of the enhanced PUSCH and PUCCH characteristics.

●

Support of carrier aggregation.

●

Additional measurements: time alignment error, multi-carrier ACLR and multi SEM.

R&S FSV/A-K104

The R&S FSV/A-K104 is designed to measure LTE TDD signals on the downlink.

The features are basically the same as in the R&S FSV/A-K100 with additional features that allow you to configure TDD subframes. It also provides tools to measure the On/Off Power.

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R&S FSV/A-K105

The R&S FSV/A-K105 is designed to measure LTE TDD signals on the uplink.

The features are basically the same as in the R&S FSV/A-K101 with additional features that allow you to configure TDD subframes.

2.2 Installation

Find detailed installing instructions in the Getting Started or the release notes of the R&S FSV/A.

2.3 Starting the LTE measurement application

The LTE measurement application adds a new application to the R&S FSV/A.

Welcome to the LTE measurement application

Understanding the display information

To activate the application

1. Press the [MODE] key on the front panel of the R&S FSV/A.

A dialog box opens that contains all operating modes and applications currently available on your R&S FSV/A.

2. Select the "LTE" item.

The R&S FSV/A opens a new measurement channel for the LTE measurement application.

The measurement is started immediately with the default settings. It can be configured in the "Overview" dialog box, which is displayed when you select the "Overview" softkey from any menu.

For more information see Chapter 5, "Configuration", on page 62.

2.4 Understanding the display information

The following figure shows a measurement diagram during analyzer operation. All different information areas are labeled. They are explained in more detail in the following sections.

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Welcome to the LTE measurement application

Understanding the display information

1 2 3 7 8

1 = Toolbar 2 = Channel bar 3 = Diagram header 4 = Result display 5 = Tabs to select displayed information for multiple data streams 6 = Subwindows (if more than one data stream is displayed at the same time) 7 = Status bar 8 = Softkeys

4 5 6

Channel bar information

In the LTE measurement application, the R&S FSV/A shows the following settings:

Table 2-1: Information displayed in the channel bar in the LTE measurement application

Ref Level Reference level

Att Mechanical and electronic RF attenuation

Freq Frequency

Mode LTE standard

MIMO Number of Tx and Rx antennas in the measurement setup

Capture Time Signal length that has been captured

Frame Count Number of frames that have been captured

Selected Subframe Subframe considered in the signal analysis

In addition, the channel bar also displays information on instrument settings that affect the measurement results even though this is not immediately apparent from the display of the measured values (e.g. transducer or trigger settings). This information is dis-

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played only when applicable for the current measurement. For details see the R&S FSV/A Getting Started manual.

Window title bar information

The information in the window title bar depends on the result display.

The "Constellation Diagram", for example, shows the number of points that have been measured.

Status bar information

Global instrument settings, the instrument status and any irregularities are indicated in the status bar beneath the diagram. Furthermore, the progress of the current operation is displayed in the status bar.

Regarding the synchronization state, the application shows the following labels.

●

Sync OK The synchronization was successful. The status bar is green.

●

Sync Failed The synchronization was not successful. The status bar is red. There can be three different synchronization errors.

– Sync Failed (Cyclic Prefix): The cyclic prefix correlation failed. – Sync Failed (P-SYNC): The P-SYNC correlation failed. – Sync Failed (S-SYNC): The S-SYNC correlation failed.

Welcome to the LTE measurement application

Understanding the display information

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3 Measurements and result displays

The LTE measurement application measures and analyzes various aspects of an LTE signal.

It features several measurements and result displays. Measurements represent different ways of processing the captured data during the digital signal processing. Result displays are different representations of the measurement results. They may be diagrams that show the results as a graph or tables that show the results as numbers.

Remote command:

Measurement selection: CONFigure[:LTE]:MEASurement on page 198

Result display selection: LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 142

● Selecting measurements.........................................................................................15

● Selecting result displays..........................................................................................16

● Performing measurements......................................................................................17

● I/Q measurements...................................................................................................17

● Time alignment error measurements...................................................................... 38

● Transmit on / off power measurement.....................................................................39

● Frequency sweep measurements...........................................................................43

● 3GPP test scenarios............................................................................................... 52

Measurements and result displays

Selecting measurements

3.1 Selecting measurements

Access: "Overview" > "Select Measurement"

The "Select Measurement" dialog box contains several buttons. Each button represents a measurement. A measurement in turn is a set of result displays that thematically belong together and that have a particular display configuration. If these predefined display configurations do not suit your requirements, you can add or remove result displays as you like. For more information about selecting result displays, see

Chapter 3.2, "Selecting result displays", on page 16.

Depending on the measurement, the R&S FSV/A changes the way it captures and processes the raw signal data.

EVM

EVM measurements record, process and demodulate the signal's I/Q data. The result displays available for EVM measurements show various aspects of the LTE signal quality.

For EVM measurements, you can combine the result displays in any way. For more information on the result displays, see Chapter 3.4, "I/Q measurements",

on page 17. Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:MEASurement on page 198

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Time alignment error

Time alignment error (TAE) measurements record, process and demodulate the signal's I/Q data. The result displays available for TAE measurements indicate how well the antennas in a multi-antenna system are aligned.

For TAE measurements, you can combine the result displays in any way. For more information on the result displays, see Chapter 3.5, "Time alignment error

measurements", on page 38.

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:MEASurement on page 198

Channel power ACLR

(inludes multi carrier ACLR and cumulative ACLR measurements) ACLR measurements sweep the frequency spectrum instead of processing I/Q data. The ACLR measurements evaluates the leakage ratio of neighboring channels and

evaluates if the signal is within the defined limits. The measurement provides several result displays. You can combine the result displays in any way.

For more information on the result displays, see Chapter 3.7, "Frequency sweep mea-

surements", on page 43.

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:MEASurement on page 198

Measurements and result displays

Selecting result displays

SEM

(inlcudes multi carrier SEM measurements) SEM measurements sweep the frequency spectrum instead of processing I/Q data. The SEM measurements tests the signal against a spectrum emission mask and eval-

uates if the signal is within the defined limits. The measurement provides several result displays. You can combine the result displays in any way.

For more information on the result displays, see Chapter 3.7, "Frequency sweep mea-

surements", on page 43.

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:MEASurement on page 198

3.2 Selecting result displays

Access:

The R&S FSV/A opens a menu (the SmartGrid) to select result displays. For more information on the SmartGrid functionality, see the R&S FSV/A Getting Started.

In the default state of the application, it shows several conventional result displays.

●

Capture Buffer

●

EVM vs Carrier

●

Power Spectrum

●

Result Summary

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●

Constellation Diagram

From that predefined state, add and remove result displays as you like from the SmartGrid menu.

Remote command: LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 142

Measuring several data streams

When you capture more than one data stream (for example component carriers), each result display is made up out of several tabs.

The first tab shows the results for all data streams. The other tabs show the results for each individual data stream. By default, the tabs are coupled to one another - if you select a certain data stream in one display, the application also selects this data stream in the other result displays (see Subwindow Coupling).

The number of tabs depends on the number of data streams.

3.3 Performing measurements

Measurements and result displays

I/Q measurements

By default, the application measures the signal continuously. In "Continuous Sweep" mode, the R&S FSV/A captures and analyzes the data again and again.

●

For I/Q measurements, the amount of captured data depends on the capture time.

●

For frequency sweep measurement, the amount of captured data depends on the sweep time.

In "Single Sweep" mode, the R&S FSV/A stops measuring after it has captured the data once. The amount of data again depends on the capture time.

Refreshing captured data

You can also repeat a measurement based on the data that has already been captured with the "Refresh" function. Repeating a measurement with the same data can be useful, for example, if you want to apply different modulation settings to the same I/Q data.

For more information, see the documentation of the R&S FSV/A.

3.4 I/Q measurements

Access: [MEAS] > "EVM/Frequency Err/Power"

You can select the result displays from the evaluation bar and arrange them as you like with the SmartGrid functionality.

Remote command:

Measurement selection: CONFigure[:LTE]:MEASurement on page 198

Result display selection: LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 142

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Capture Buffer...............................................................................................................18

EVM vs Carrier..............................................................................................................19

EVM vs Symbol.............................................................................................................20

EVM vs RB....................................................................................................................20

EVM vs Subframe......................................................................................................... 21

Frequency Error vs Symbol...........................................................................................22

Power Spectrum............................................................................................................22

Power vs Resource Block PDSCH................................................................................23

Power vs Resource Block RS....................................................................................... 23

Channel Flatness.......................................................................................................... 24

Group Delay..................................................................................................................24

Channel Flatness Difference.........................................................................................24

Constellation Diagram...................................................................................................25

CCDF............................................................................................................................ 26

Allocation Summary...................................................................................................... 26

Bitstream.......................................................................................................................27

Channel Decoder Results............................................................................................. 28

EVM vs Symbol x Carrier..............................................................................................30

Power vs Symbol x Carrier............................................................................................30

Allocation ID vs Symbol x Carrier..................................................................................30

UE RS Magnitude......................................................................................................... 31

UE RS Phase................................................................................................................31

Cell RS Magnitude........................................................................................................ 32

Cell RS Phase...............................................................................................................32

CSI RS Magnitude........................................................................................................ 33

CSI RS Phase...............................................................................................................33

Beamform Allocation Summary.....................................................................................34

Result Summary............................................................................................................35

Marker Table................................................................................................................. 37

Measurements and result displays

I/Q measurements

Capture Buffer

The "Capture Buffer" shows the complete range of captured data for the last data capture.

The x-axis represents time. The maximum value of the x-axis is equal to the Capture

Time.

The y-axis represents the amplitude of the captured I/Q data in dBm (for RF input). The capture buffer uses the auto peak detector to evaluate the measurement data. The

auto peak detector determines the maximum and the minimum value of the measured levels for each measurement point and combines both values in one sample point.

Figure 3-1: Capture buffer without zoom

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A colored bar at the bottom of the diagram represents the frame that is currently analyzed. Different colors indicate the OFDM symbol type.

●

Indicates the data stream.

●

Indicates the reference signal and data.

●

Indicates the P-Sync and data.

●

Indicates the S-Sync and data.

A green vertical line at the beginning of the green bar in the capture buffer represents the subframe start. The diagram also contains the "Start Offset" value. This value is the time difference between the subframe start and capture buffer start.

When you zoom into the diagram, you will see that the bar is interrupted at certain positions. Each small bar indicates the useful parts of the OFDM symbol.

Measurements and result displays

I/Q measurements

Figure 3-2: Capture buffer after a zoom has been applied

Remote command: Selection: LAY:ADD ? '1',LEFT,CBUF Query (y-axis): TRACe:DATA? Query (x-axis): TRACe<n>[:DATA]:X? on page 172 Subframe start offset: FETCh[:CC<cc>]:SUMMary:TFRame? on page 182

EVM vs Carrier

The "EVM vs Carrier" result display shows the error vector magnitude (EVM) of the subcarriers. With the help of a marker, you can use it as a debugging technique to identify any subcarriers whose EVM is too high.

The results are based on an average EVM that is calculated over the resource elements for each subcarrier. This average subcarrier EVM is determined for each analyzed subframe in the capture buffer.

If you analyze all subframes, the result display contains three traces.

●

Average EVM This trace shows the subcarrier EVM, averaged over all subframes.

●

Minimum EVM This trace shows the lowest (average) subcarrier EVM that has been found over the analyzed subframes.

●

Maximum EVM This trace shows the highest (average) subcarrier EVM that has been found over the analyzed subframes.

If you select and analyze one subframe only, the result display contains one trace that shows the subcarrier EVM for that subframe only. Average, minimum and maximum values in that case are the same. For more information, see "Subframe Selection" on page 127.

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The x-axis represents the center frequencies of the subcarriers. The y-axis shows the EVM in % or in dB, depending on the EVM Unit.

Remote command: Selection LAY:ADD ? '1',LEFT,EVCA Query (y-axis): TRACe:DATA? Query (x-axis): TRACe<n>[:DATA]:X? on page 172

EVM vs Symbol

The "EVM vs Symbol" result display shows the error vector magnitude (EVM) of the OFDM symbols. You can use it as a debugging technique to identify any symbols whose EVM is too high.

The results are based on an average EVM that is calculated over all subcarriers that are part of a certain OFDM symbol. This average OFDM symbol EVM is determined for all OFDM symbols in each analyzed subframe.

The x-axis represents the OFDM symbols, with each symbol represented by a dot on the line. Any missing connections from one dot to another mean that the R&S FSV/A could not determine the EVM for that symbol.

The number of displayed symbols depends on the subframe selection and the length of the cyclic prefix.

For TDD signals, the result display does not show OFDM symbols that are not part of the measured link direction.

On the y-axis, the EVM is plotted either in % or in dB, depending on the EVM Unit.

Measurements and result displays

I/Q measurements

Remote command: Selection: LAY:ADD ? '1',LEFT,EVSY Query (y-axis): TRACe:DATA? Query (x-axis): TRACe<n>[:DATA]:X? on page 172

EVM vs RB

The "EVM vs RB" result display shows the Error Vector Magnitude (EVM) for all resource blocks that can be occupied by the PDSCH.

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The results are based on an average EVM that is calculated over all resource elements in the resource block. This average resource block EVM is determined for each analyzed subframe. If you analyze all subframes, the result display contains three traces.

●

Average EVM This trace shows the resource block EVM, averaged over all subframes.

●

Minimum EVM This trace shows the lowest (average) resource block EVM that has been found over the analyzed subframes.

●

Maximum EVM This trace shows the highest (average) resource block EVM that has been found over the analyzed subframes.

If you select and analyze one subframe only, the result display contains one trace that shows the resource block EVM for that subframe only. Average, minimum and maximum values in that case are the same. For more information, see "Subframe Selec-

tion" on page 127.

The x-axis represents the PDSCH resource blocks. On the y-axis, the EVM is plotted either in % or in dB, depending on the EVM Unit.

Measurements and result displays

I/Q measurements

Remote command: Selection: LAY:ADD ? '1',LEFT,EVRP Query (y-axis): TRACe:DATA? Query (x-axis): TRACe<n>[:DATA]:X? on page 172

EVM vs Subframe

The "EVM vs Subframe" result display shows the Error Vector Magnitude (EVM) for each subframe. You can use it as a debugging technique to identify a subframe whose EVM is too high.

The result is an average over all subcarriers and symbols of a specific subframe. The x-axis represents the subframes, with the number of displayed subframes being

10. On the y-axis, the EVM is plotted either in % or in dB, depending on the EVM Unit.

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Remote command: Selection: LAY:ADD ? '1',LEFT,EVSU Query (y-axis): TRACe:DATA? Query (x-axis): TRACe<n>[:DATA]:X? on page 172

Frequency Error vs Symbol

Th e "Frequency Error vs Symbol" result display shows the frequency error of each symbol. You can use it as a debugging technique to identify any frequency errors within symbols.

The result is an average over all subcarriers in the symbol. The x-axis represents the OFDM symbols, with each symbol represented by a dot on

the line. The number of displayed symbols depends on the subframe selection and the length of the cyclic prefix. Any missing connections from one dot to another mean that the R&S FSV/A could not determine the frequency error for that symbol.

On the y-axis, the frequency error is plotted in Hz. Note that the variance of the measurement results in this result display can be much

higher compared to the frequency error display in the numerical result summary, depending on the PDSCH and control channel configuration. The potential difference is caused by the number of available resource elements for the measurement on symbol level.

Measurements and result displays

I/Q measurements

Remote command: Selection: LAY:ADD ? '1',LEFT,FEVS Query (y-axis): TRACe:DATA? Query (x-axis): TRACe<n>[:DATA]:X? on page 172

Power Spectrum

The "Power Spectrum" shows the power density of the complete capture buffer in dBm/Hz.

The displayed bandwidth depends on the selected channel bandwidth. The x-axis represents the frequency. On the y-axis, the power level is plotted.

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Remote command: Selection: LAY:ADD ? '1',LEFT,PSPE Query (y-axis): TRACe:DATA? Query (x-axis): TRACe<n>[:DATA]:X? on page 172

Power vs Resource Block PDSCH

The "Power vs Resource Block PDSCH" result display shows the power of the physical downlink shared channel per resource element averaged over one resource block.

By default, three traces are shown. One trace shows the average power. The second and the third traces show the minimum and maximum powers respectively. You can select to display the power for a specific subframe in the Subframe Selection dialog box. In that case, the application shows the powers of that subframe only.

The x-axis represents the resource blocks. The displayed number of resource blocks depends on the channel bandwidth or number of resource blocks you have set. On the y-axis, the power is plotted in dBm.

Measurements and result displays

I/Q measurements

Remote command: Selection: LAY:ADD ? '1',LEFT,PCRP Query (y-axis): TRACe:DATA? Query (x-axis): TRACe<n>[:DATA]:X? on page 172

Power vs Resource Block RS

The "Power vs Resource Block RS" result display shows the power of the reference signal per resource element averaged over one resource block.

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Remote command: Selection: LAY:ADD ? '1',LEFT,PVRR Query (y-axis): TRACe:DATA? Query (x-axis): TRACe<n>[:DATA]:X? on page 172

Channel Flatness

The "Channel Flatness" shows the relative power offset caused by the transmit channel.

The currently selected subframe depends on your selection. The x-axis represents the frequency. On the y-axis, the channel flatness is plotted in

dB.

Measurements and result displays

I/Q measurements

Remote command: Selection: LAY:ADD ? '1',LEFT,FLAT Query (y-axis): TRACe:DATA? Query (x-axis): TRACe<n>[:DATA]:X? on page 172

Group Delay

This "Group Delay" shows the group delay of each subcarrier. The measurement is evaluated over the currently selected slot in the currently selected

subframe. The currently selected subframe depends on your selection. The x-axis represents the frequency. On the y-axis, the group delay is plotted in ns.

Remote command: Selection: LAY:ADD ? '1',LEFT,GDEL Query (y-axis): TRACe:DATA? Query (x-axis): TRACe<n>[:DATA]:X? on page 172

Channel Flatness Difference

The "Channel Flatness Difference" shows the level difference in the spectrum flatness result between two adjacent physical subcarriers.

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The currently selected subframe depends on your selection. The x-axis represents the frequency. On the y-axis, the power is plotted in dB.

Remote command: Selection: LAY:ADD ? '1',LEFT,FDIF Query (y-axis): TRACe:DATA? Query (x-axis): TRACe<n>[:DATA]:X? on page 172

Constellation Diagram

The "Constellation Diagram" shows the in-phase and quadrature phase results and is an indicator of the quality of the modulation of the signal.

In the default state, the result display evaluates the full range of the measured input data.

Each color represents a modulation type.

●

You can filter the results by changing the evaluation range.

: BPSK : RBPSK : MIXTURE : QPSK : 16QAM : 64QAM : 256QAM : 1024QAM : PSK (CAZAC)

Measurements and result displays

I/Q measurements

The constellation diagram also contains information about the current evaluation

range, including the number of points that are displayed in the diagram.

Remote command: Selection: LAY:ADD ? '1',LEFT,CONS Query: TRACe:DATA?

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CCDF

The "Complementary Cumulative Distribution Function (CCDF)" shows the probability of an amplitude exceeding the mean power. For the measurement, the complete capture buffer is used.

The x-axis represents the power relative to the measured mean power. On the y-axis, the probability is plotted in %.

In addition to the diagram, the results for the CCDF measurement are summarized in the CCDF table.

Mean Mean power

Measurements and result displays

I/Q measurements

Peak Peak power

Crest Crest factor (peak power – mean power)

10 % 10 % probability that the level exceeds mean power + [x] dB

1 % 1 % probability that the level exceeds mean power + [x] dB

0.1 % 0.1 % probability that the level exceeds mean power + [x] dB

0.01 % 0.01 % probability that the level exceeds mean power + [x] dB

Remote command: Selection: LAY:ADD ? '1',LEFT,CCDF Query (y-axis): TRACe:DATA? Numerical results: CALCulate<n>:STATistics:CCDF:X<t>? on page 186 Numerical results: CALCulate<n>:STATistics:RESult<res>? on page 187

Allocation Summary

The "Allocation Summary" shows various parameters of the measured allocations in a table.

Each row in the allocation table corresponds to an allocation. A set of several allocations make up a subframe. A horizontal line indicates the beginning of a new subframe.

Special allocations summarize the characteristics of all allocations in a subframe ("ALL") and the complete frame (allocation "ALL" at the end of the table).

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The columns of the table show the following properties for each allocation.

●

The location of the allocation (subframe number).

●

The ID of the allocation (channel type).

●

Number of resource blocks used by the allocation.

●

The relative power of the allocation in dB. The R&S FSV/A does not calculate the PHICH power if you turn on boosting esti-

mation.

●

The modulation of the allocation.

●

The power of each resource element in the allocation in dBm.

●

The EVM of the allocation. The unit depends on the EVM unit

●

The EVM over all codewords in a layer. The layer EVM is calculated for all data allocations, and not for the DMRS or other physical signals. The unit depends on the EVM unit

For PDSCH allocations that use beamforming, the table contains two values. One for the PDSCH, and one for the UE-specific reference signal (UE RS).

Click once on the header row to open a dialog box that allows you to add and remove columns.

Remote command: Selection: LAY:ADD ? '1',LEFT,ASUM Query: TRACe:DATA?

Measurements and result displays

I/Q measurements

Bitstream

The "Bitstream" shows the demodulated data stream for the data allocations. Depending on the bitstream format, the numbers represent either bits (bit order) or

symbols (symbol order).

●

For the bit format, each number represents one raw bit.

●

For the symbol format, the bits that belong to one symbol are shown as hexadecimal numbers with two digits. (1024QAM: hexadecimal number with three digits)

Resource elements that do not contain data or are not part of the transmission are represented by a "-".

If a symbol could not be decoded because the number of layers exceeds the number of receive antennas, the application shows a "#" sign.

The table contains the following information:

●

Subframe

Number of the subframe the bits belong to.

●

Allocation ID

Channel the bits belong to.

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●

Codeword

Code word of the allocation.

●

Modulation

Modulation type of the channels.

●

Symbol Index or Bit Index Indicates the position of the table row's first bit or symbol within the complete stream.

●

Bit Stream

The actual bit stream.

Remote command: Selection: LAY:ADD ? '1',LEFT,BSTR Query: TRACe:DATA?

Channel Decoder Results

The "Channel Decoder" result display is a numerical result display that shows the characteristics of various channels for a specific subframe.

●

Protocol information of the PBCH, PCFICH and PHICH.

●

Information about the DCIs in the PDCCH.

●

Decoded bitstream for each PDCCH.

●

Decoded bitstream for each PDSCH. The size of the table thus depends on the number of subframes in the signal. Note that a complete set of results for the control channels is available only under cer-

tain circumstances.

●

The corresponding control channel (PBCH, PCFICH or PHICH) has to be present

and enabled.

●

Each channel must have a certain configuration (see list below).

Measurements and result displays

I/Q measurements

For each channel, the table shows a different set of values.

●

PBCH

For the PBCH, the Channel Decoder provides the following results.

– The MIMO configuration of the DUT (1, 2 or 4 TX antennas)

– The Transmission bandwidth

– The Duration of the PHICH (normal or extended)

– The PHICH resource which is the same as PHICH Ng (1/6, 1/2, 1 or 2)

– System frame number

If the CRC is not valid, a corresponding message is shown instead of the results.

Results for the PBCH can only be determined if the PHICH Duration or the PHICH

N_g are automatically determined ("Auto") or if automatic decoding of all control

channels is turned on.

●

PCFICH

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For the PCFICH, the Channel Decoder provides the number of OFDM symbols that

are used for PDCCH at the beginning of a subframe.

●

PHICH

The PHICH carries the hybrid-ARQ ACK/NACK. Multiple PHICHs mapped to the

same set of resource elements are a PHICH group. The PHICHs within one group

are separated by different orthogonal sequences.

For the PHICH, the Channel Decoder provides the ACK/NACK pattern for the

PHICH group and the relative power for each PHICH in the PHICH group. Each

line in the result table represents one PHICH group. The columns on the left show

the ACK/NACK pattern of the PHICH group. The columns on the right show the rel-

ative powers for each PHICH.

If a PHICH is not transmitted, the table contains a "-" sign. Otherwise, the ACK/

NACK pattern is either a "1" (acknowledgement) or a "0" (not acknowledged). The

relative power is a numeric value in dB.

●

PDCCH

For each PDCCH that has been detected, the Channel Decoder shows several

results. Each line in the table represents one PDCCH.

– RNTI

– DCI Format

Shows the Downlink Control Information (DCI) format. The DCI contains information about the resource assignment for the UEs. The following DCI formats are supported: 0, 1, 1A, 1B, 1C, 2, 2A, 2C, 2D, 3, 3A. The DCI format is determined by the length of the DCI. Because they have the same length, the Channel Decoder is not able to distinguish formats 0, 3 and

3A. Note that a DCI that consist of only zero bits cannot be decoded. – PDCCH format used to transmit the DCI – CCE Offset

The CCE Offset represents the position of the current DCI in the PDCCH bit

stream. – Rel. Power

Relative power of the corresponding PDCCH. Results for the PDCCH can only be determined if the PDSCH subframe configura-

tion is detected by the "PDCCH Protocol" or if automatic decoding of all control channels is turned on.

●

PDSCH For each decoded PDSCH allocation, there is a PDCCH DCI. The DCI contains parameters that are required for the decoding process. If the channel could be decoded successfully, the result display shows the bit stream for each codeword. If the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) fails, the result display shows an error message instead. Results for the PDSCH can only be determined if the PDSCH subframe configura-

tion is detected by the "PDCCH Protocol" or if automatic decoding of all control channels is turned on.

Remote command: Selection: LAY:ADD ? '1',LEFT,CDEC Query: TRACe:DATA?

Measurements and result displays

I/Q measurements

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EVM vs Symbol x Carrier

The "EVM vs Symbol x Carrier" result display shows the EVM for each carrier in each symbol.

The x-axis represents the symbols. The y-axis represents the subcarriers. Different colors in the diagram area represent the EVM. A color map in the diagram header indicates the corresponding power levels.

Remote command: Selection: LAY:ADD ? '1',LEFT,EVSC Query: TRACe:DATA?

Power vs Symbol x Carrier

The "Power vs Symbol x Carrier" result display shows the power for each carrier in each symbol.

The x-axis represents the symbols. The y-axis represents the subcarriers. Different colors in the diagram area represent the power. A color map in the diagram header indicates the corresponding power levels.

Measurements and result displays

I/Q measurements

Remote command: Selection: LAY:ADD ? '1',LEFT,PVSC Query: TRACe:DATA?

Allocation ID vs Symbol x Carrier

The "Allocation ID vs Symbol x Carrier" result display is a graphical representation of the structure of the analyzed frame. It shows the allocation type of each subcarrier in each symbol of the received signal.

The x-axis represents the OFDM symbols. The y-axis represents the subcarriers. Each type of allocation is represented by a different color. The legend above the dia-

gram indicates the colors used for each allocation. You can also use a marker to get more information about the type of allocation.

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Remote command: Selection: LAY:ADD ? '1',LEFT,AISC Query: TRACe:DATA?

UE RS Magnitude

The "UE RS Weights Magnitude" result display shows the magnitude of the measured weights of the UE-specific reference signal carriers. You can use it to calculate the magnitude difference between different antenna ports.

The x-axis represents the frequency, with the unit depending on your selection. The yaxis shows the amplitude of each reference signal in dB.

Because the beamforming configuration can change between the subframes of one frame, the contents of this result display for Subframe Selection = 'All' might be invalid. Thus, it is recommended to select the precise subframe to be evaluated in order to get valid results.

You can select the antenna port you want to show the information for from the corresponding beamforming selection dropdown menu.

Measurements and result displays

I/Q measurements

Remote command: Selection: LAY:ADD ? '1',LEFT,URWM Querying results: TRACe:DATA?

UE RS Phase

The "UE RS Weights Phase" result display shows the phase of the measured weights of the UE specific reference signal carriers. You can use it to calculate the phase difference between different antenna ports.

The x-axis represents the frequency, with the unit depending on your selection. The yaxis shows the phase of each reference signal in degree.

You can select the antenna port you want to show the information for from the corresponding beamforming selection dropdown menu.

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Remote command: Selection: LAY:ADD ? '1',LEFT,URWP Query: TRACe:DATA?

Cell RS Magnitude

The "Cell RS Weights Magnitude" result display shows the magnitude of the measured weights of the reference signal (RS) carriers specific to the cell. This measurement enables magnitude measurements on antenna port 0 using, for example, the enhanced test models like E-TM 1.1.

You can use the result display to calculate the magnitude difference between different antenna ports.

The x-axis represents the frequency, with the unit depending on your selection. The yaxis shows the amplitude of each reference signal in dB.

You can select the antenna port you want to show the information for from the corresponding beamforming selection dropdown menu.

Measurements and result displays

I/Q measurements

Remote command: Selection: LAY:ADD ? '1',LEFT,CRWM Query: TRACe:DATA?

Cell RS Phase

The "Cell RS Weights Phase" result display shows the phase of the measured weights of the reference signal (RS) carriers specific to the cell. This measurement enables phase measurements on antenna port 0 using, for example, the enhanced test models like E-TM 1.1.

You can use the result display to calculate the phase difference between different antenna ports.

The x-axis represents the frequency, with the unit depending on your selection. The yaxis shows the phase of each reference signal in degree.

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You can select the antenna port you want to show the information for from the corresponding beamforming selection dropdown menu.

Remote command: Selection: LAY:ADD ? '1',LEFT,CRWP Query: TRACe:DATA?

CSI RS Magnitude

The "CSI RS Weights Magnitude" result display shows the magnitude of the measured weights of the CSI-specific reference signal carriers. You can use it to calculate the magnitude difference between different antenna ports.

The x-axis represents the frequency, with the unit depending on your selection. The yaxis shows the amplitude of each reference signal in dB.

You can select the antenna port you want to show the information for from the corresponding beamforming selection dropdown menu.

Measurements and result displays

I/Q measurements

Remote command: Selection: LAY:ADD ? '1',LEFT,IRWM Query: TRACe:DATA?

CSI RS Phase

The "CSI RS Weights Phase" result display shows the phase of the measured weights of the CSI-specific reference signal carriers. You can use it to calculate the phase difference between different antenna ports.

The x-axis represents the frequency, with the unit depending on your selection. The yaxis shows the phase of each reference signal in degree.

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You can select the antenna port you want to show the information for from the corresponding beamforming selection dropdown menu.

Remote command: Selection: LAY:ADD ? '1',LEFT,IRWP Query: TRACe:DATA?

Beamform Allocation Summary

The "Beamform Allocation Summary" shows the phase characteristics for each PDSCH and (if available) EPDCCH allocation used by the UE-specific reference signals in numerical form.

Measurements and result displays

I/Q measurements

The rows in the table represent the allocations. A set of allocations form a subframe. The subframes are separated by a dashed line. The columns of the table contain the following information:

●

Subframe

Shows the subframe number.

●

Allocation ID

Shows the type / ID of the allocation.

●

Antenna Port

Shows the antenna port used by the allocation.

●

Phase

Shows the phase of the allocation.

●

Phase Diff(erence)

Shows the phase difference of the allocation relative to the first antenna.

Remote command: Selection: LAY:ADD ? '1',LEFT,URWA Query: TRACe:DATA?

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Result Summary

The Result Summary shows all relevant measurement results in numerical form, combined in one table.

Remote command:

LAY:ADD ? '1',LEFT,RSUM

Contents of the result summary

Measurements and result displays

I/Q measurements

The table is split in two parts. The first part shows results that refer to the complete frame. For each result, the minimum, mean and maximum values are displayed. It also indicates limit check results where available. The font of 'Pass' results is green and that of 'Fail' results is red.

In addition to the red font, the application also puts a red star ( ) in front of failed results.

EVM PDSCH QPSK Shows the EVM for all QPSK-modulated resource elements of the PDSCH

channel in the analyzed frame.

FETCh[:CC<cc>]:SUMMary:EVM:DSQP[:AVERage]? on page 174

EVM PDSCH 16QAM Shows the EVM for all 16QAM-modulated resource elements of the PDSCH

channel in the analyzed frame.

FETCh[:CC<cc>]:SUMMary:EVM:DSST[:AVERage]? on page 175

EVM PDSCH 64QAM Shows the EVM for all 64QAM-modulated resource elements of the PDSCH

channel in the analyzed frame.

FETCh[:CC<cc>]:SUMMary:EVM:DSSF[:AVERage]? on page 175

EVM PDSCH 256QAM Shows the EVM for all 256QAM-modulated resource elements of the PDSCH

channel in the analyzed frame.

FETCh[:CC<cc>]:SUMMary:EVM:DSTS[:AVERage]? on page 175

EVM PDSCH 1024QAM Shows the EVM for all 1024QAM-modulated resource elements of the

PDSCH channel in the analyzed frame.

FETCh[:CC<cc>]:SUMMary:EVM:DS1K[:AVERage]? on page 176

By default, all EVM results are in %. To view the EVM results in dB, change the EVM

Unit.

The second part of the table shows results that refer to a specific selection of the frame.

The statistic is always evaluated over the subframes.

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The header row of the table contains information about the selection you have made (like the subframe).

EVM All Shows the EVM for all resource elements in the analyzed frame.

EVM Phys Channel Shows the EVM for all physical channel resource elements in the analyzed

EVM Phys Signal Shows the EVM for all physical signal resource elements in the analyzed

Frequency Error Shows the difference in the measured center frequency and the reference

Measurements and result displays

I/Q measurements

FETCh[:CC<cc>]:SUMMary:EVM[:ALL][:AVERage]? on page 177

frame. A physical channel corresponds to a set of resource elements carrying infor-

mation from higher layers. PDSCH, PBCH or PDCCH, for example, are physical channels. For more information, see 3GPP 36.211.

FETCh[:CC<cc>]:SUMMary:EVM:PCHannel[:AVERage]? on page 177

frame. The reference signal, for example, is a physical signal. For more information,

see 3GPP 36.211.

FETCh[:CC<cc>]:SUMMary:EVM:PSIGnal[:AVERage]? on page 178

center frequency.

FETCh[:CC<cc>]:SUMMary:FERRor[:AVERage]? on page 178

Sampling Error Shows the difference in measured symbol clock and reference symbol clock

relative to the system sampling rate.

FETCh[:CC<cc>]:SUMMary:SERRor[:AVERage]? on page 181

I/Q Offset Shows the power at spectral line 0 normalized to the total transmitted power.

FETCh[:CC<cc>]:SUMMary:IQOFfset[:AVERage]? on page 179

I/Q Gain Imbalance Shows the logarithm of the gain ratio of the Q-channel to the I-channel.

FETCh[:CC<cc>]:SUMMary:GIMBalance[:AVERage]? on page 179

I/Q Quadrature Error Shows the measure of the phase angle between Q-channel and I-channel

deviating from the ideal 90 degrees.

FETCh[:CC<cc>]:SUMMary:QUADerror[:AVERage]? on page 180

RSTP Shows the reference signal transmit power as defined in 3GPP TS 36.141. It

is required for the "DL RS Power" test. It is an average power and accumulates the powers of the reference symbols

within a subframe divided by the number of reference symbols within a subframe.

FETCh[:CC<cc>]:SUMMary:RSTP[:AVERage]? on page 181

OSTP Shows the OFDM symbol transmit power as defined in 3GPP TS 36.141.

It accumulates all subcarrier powers of the 4th OFDM symbol. The 4th (out of 14 OFDM symbols within a subframe (for frame type 1, normal CP length)) contains exclusively PDSCH.

FETCh[:CC<cc>]:SUMMary:OSTP[:AVERage]? on page 179

RSSI Shows the Received Signal Strength Indicator. The RSSI is the complete sig-

nal power of the channel that has been measured, regardless of the origin of the signal.

FETCh[:CC<cc>]:SUMMary:RSSI[:AVERage]? on page 181

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Power Shows the average time domain power of the analyzed signal.

Crest Factor Shows the peak-to-average power ratio of captured signal.

Marker Table

Displays a table with the current marker values for the active markers. This table is displayed automatically if configured accordingly.

Wnd Shows the window the marker is in.

Type Shows the marker type and number ("M" for a nor-

Trc Shows the trace that the marker is positioned on.

Ref Shows the reference marker that a delta marker

X- / Y-Value Shows the marker coordinates (usually frequency

Measurements and result displays

I/Q measurements

FETCh[:CC<cc>]:SUMMary:POWer[:AVERage]? on page 180

FETCh[:CC<cc>]:SUMMary:CRESt[:AVERage]? on page 177

mal marker, "D" for a delta marker).

refers to.

and level).

Z-EVM

Z-Power

Z-Alloc ID

Shows the "EVM", power and allocation type at the marker position.

Only in 3D result displays (for example "EVM vs Symbol x Carrier").

Tip: To navigate within long marker tables, simply scroll through the entries with your finger on the touchscreen.

Remote command: LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, MTAB, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 142 Results:

CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:X on page 184 CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:Y on page 185 CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:Z? on page 185 CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:Z:ALL? on page 186

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3.5 Time alignment error measurements

Access: [MEAS] > "Time Alignment Error"

The Time Alignment Error measurement captures and analyzes new I/Q data when you select it.

Note that the time alignment error measurement only work in a MIMO setup (2 or 4 antennas) or in a system with component carriers. Therefore, you have to mix the signal of the antennas into one cable that you can connect to the R&S FSV/A. For more information on configuring and performing a time alignment error measurement see

Chapter 4.4, "Performing time alignment measurements", on page 58.

In addition to the result displays mentioned in this section, the time alignment error measurement also supports the following result displays described elsewhere.

●

"Capture Buffer" on page 18

●

"Power Spectrum" on page 22

●

"Marker Table" on page 37

Measurements and result displays

Time alignment error measurements

You can select the result displays from the evaluation bar and arrange them as you like with the SmartGrid functionality.

Remote command:

Measurement selection: CONFigure[:LTE]:MEASurement on page 198

Result display selection: LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 142

Time Alignment Error.................................................................................................... 38

Time Alignment Error

The time alignment is an indicator of how well the transmission antennas in a MIMO system and component carriers are synchronized. The time alignment error is either the time delay between a reference antenna (for example antenna 1) and another antenna or the time delay between a reference component carrier and other component carriers.

The application shows the results in a table. Each row in the table represents one antenna. The reference antenna is not shown. For each antenna, the maximum, minimum and average time delay that has been

measured is shown. The minimum and maximum results are calculated only if the measurement covers more than one frame.

If you perform the measurement on a system with carrier aggregation, each row represents one antenna. The number of lines increases because of multiple carriers. The reference antenna of the main component carrier (CC1) is not shown.

In any case, results are only displayed if the transmission power of both antennas is within 15 dB of each other. Likewise, if only one antenna transmits a signal, results will not be displayed (for example if the cabling on one antenna is faulty).

For more information on configuring this measurement, see Chapter 5.3, "Time Align-

ment Error Measurements", on page 116.

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The "Limit" value shown in the result display is the maximum time delay that may occur for each antenna (only displayed for systems without carrier aggregation).

You can select the reference antenna from the dropdown menu in the result display. You can also select the reference antenna in the MIMO Setup - if you change them in one place, they are also changed in the other.

In the default layout, the application also shows the "Capture Buffer" and "Power Spectrum" result displays for each component carrier.

Remote command: Selection: LAY:ADD ? '1',LEFT,TAL Query: FETCh:TAERror[:CC<cc>]:ANTenna<ant>[:AVERage]? on page 183 Reference antenna: CONFigure[:LTE]:DL[:CC<cc>]:MIMO:ASELection on page 207

Measurements and result displays

Transmit on / off power measurement

3.6 Transmit on / off power measurement

Access: [MEAS] > "Transmit On/Off Power"

The transmit on / off power measurement captures and analyzes new I/Q data when you select it.

The transmit on / off power measurement consists of several result displays that you can select from the evaluation bar. You can arrange them as you like with the SmartGrid functionality.

Remote command:

Measurement selection: CONFigure[:LTE]:MEASurement on page 198

Result display selection: LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 142

Transmit On / Off Power................................................................................................39

└ Numerical results............................................................................................ 40

└ Transmit power on / off diagram..................................................................... 41

└ Transition diagram.......................................................................................... 42

└ Adjust Timing.................................................................................................. 42

└ Noise Cancellation..........................................................................................42

Transmit On / Off Power

The transmit on / off power measurement analyzes the transition from transmission ("on" periods) to reception ("off" periods) of an LTE TDD signal over time. Because this transition must happen very fast to use resources efficiently, it can be an issue in TDD systems.

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During the transmit power on / off measurement, the R&S FSV/A verifies if the "off" periods (= no signal transmission) comply to the limits defined by 3GPP. Note that you have to apply a signal to the RF input for this measurement, because the R&S FSV/A has to capture new I/Q data instead of using the data other I/Q measurements are based on.

For more information on setting up the measurement, see Chapter 4.5, "Performing

transmit on/off power measurements", on page 60.

The results for the transmit on / off power measurement are available in the following displays.

●

"Numerical results" on page 40

●

"Transmit power on / off diagram" on page 41

●

"Transition diagram" on page 42

Remote command: Selection: CONF:MEAS TPOO Query: TRACe:DATA? Unit: UNIT:OPOWer on page 256

Numerical results ← Transmit On / Off Power

The result summary shows the measurement results in a table. Each line in the table corresponds to one "off" period.

The result summary shows the following information for each "off" period.

●

"Start Off Period Limit" Shows the beginning of the "off" period relative to the frame start (0 seconds).

●

"Stop Off Period Limit" Shows the end of the "off" period relative to the frame start (0 seconds). The time from the start to the stop of the "off" period is the period over which the limits are checked. It corresponds to the yellow trace in the diagram.

●

"Time at Δ to Limit" Shows the trace point at which the lowest distance between trace and limit line has been detected. The result is a time relative to the frame start.

●

"OFF Power" Shows the absolute power of the signal at the trace point with the lowest distance to the limit line. You can display the "OFF Power" either as an absolute value in dBm or a relative value in dBm/MHz. To select the unit, use the "Power Unit (dBm/MHz)" softkey available in the "Meas Config" menu.

●

"OFF Power Δ to Limit" Shows the distance between the trace and the limit line of the trace point with the lowest distance to the limit line in dB.

●

"Falling Transition Period" Shows the length of the falling transient.

●

"Rising Transition Period" Shows the length of the rising transient.

Results that comply with the limits are displayed in green. Any results that violate the limits defined by 3GPP are displayed in red.

Measurements and result displays

Transmit on / off power measurement

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Note that the beginning and end of a transition period is determined based on the "Off Power Density Limit". This limit is defined in 3GPP 36.141 as the maximum allowed mean power spectral density. The length of the transient from "on" to "off" period is, for example, the distance from the detected end of the subframe to the last time that the signal power is above the measured mean power spectral density.

Measurements and result displays

Transmit on / off power measurement

Figure 3-3: Power profile of a TD-LTE On-to-Off transition. The transition lasts from the end of the ON

1 = subframe ("on" power period) 2 = transient (transition length) 3 = "off" power density limit 4 = "off" power period

period until the signal is completely below the off power density limit.

Transmit power on / off diagram ← Transmit On / Off Power

The diagram shows all TDD frames that were captured and analyzed and contains several elements.

●

Yellow trace The yellow trace represents the signal power during the "off" periods. The calculation of the trace also accounts for filtering as defined in 3GPP 36.141.

●

Blue trace The blue trace represents the transition periods (falling and rising). Note that the blue trace might not be visible in the diagram because of its steep flank and small horizontal dimensions. You can see the falling and rising transitions in separate diagrams.

●

Blue rectangles The blue rectangles represent the "on" periods. Because of the overload during the "on" periods, the actual signal power is only hinted at, not shown.

●

Red lines Limits as defined by 3GPP.

●

Other information

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In addition to these elements, the diagram also shows the overall limit check, the average count and the limit for the mean power spectral density ("Off Power Density Limit"). The overall limit check only passes if all "off" periods (including the transients) comply with the limits.

Transition diagram ← Transmit On / Off Power

The transition diagrams show the rising and falling periods for each TDD frame in more detail.

You can display the transitions for up to two TDD frames. The diagrams contain the following elements.

●

Blue trace The blue trace represents the transition periods (falling and rising).

●

Red lines Limits as defined by 3GPP.

Measurements and result displays

Transmit on / off power measurement

Adjust Timing ← Transmit On / Off Power Access: [Sweep] > "Adjust Timing"

If you are using an external trigger for the on / off power measurement, you have to determine the offset of the trigger time to the time the LTE frame starts. You can do this with the "Adjust Timing" function. When the application has determined the offset, it corrects the results of the on / off power measurement accordingly.

Adjust timing also captures data with a reference level optimized for the "on" period to increase the probability for successful synchronization.

Remote command:

[SENSe:][LTE:]OOPower:ATIMing on page 152

Noise Cancellation ← Transmit On / Off Power Access: [Meas Config] > "Noise Cancellation"

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Noise cancellation corrects the results by removing the inherent noise of the analyzer, which increases the dynamic range. To do this, the R&S FSV/A measures its inherent noise and subtracts the measured noise power from the power in the channel that is being analyzed.

Noise cancellation is valid for the current measurement configuration. If you change the measurement configuration in any way, you have to repeat noise cancellation.

Remote command:

[SENSe:][LTE:]OOPower:NCORrection on page 256

3.7 Frequency sweep measurements

Access (ACLR): [MEAS] > "Channel Power ACLR"

Access (MC ACLR): [MEAS] > "Multi Carrier ACLR"

Access (Cumulative ACLR): [MEAS] > "Cumulative ACLR"

Access (SEM): [MEAS] > "Spectrum Emission Mask"

Measurements and result displays

Frequency sweep measurements

Access (Multi Carrier SEM): [MEAS] > "Multi Carrier SEM"

The LTE aplication supports the following frequency sweep measurements.

●

Adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR)

●

Spectrum emission mask (SEM)

Instead of using I/Q data, the frequency sweep measurements sweep the spectrum every time you run a new measurement. Therefore, it is mandatory to feed a signal into the RF input for these measurements. Using previously acquired I/Q data for the frequency sweep measurements is not possible (and vice-versa).

Because each of the frequency sweep measurements uses different settings to obtain signal data it is also not possible to run a frequency sweep measurement and view the results in another frequency sweep measurement.

Make sure to have sufficient bandwidth to be able to capture the whole signal, including neighboring channels.

In addition to the specific diagrams and table (see description below), frequency sweep measurements support the following result displays.

●

"Marker Table" on page 37

●

Marker peak list Both result displays have the same contents as the spectrum application.

Remote command:

Measurement selection: CONFigure[:LTE]:MEASurement on page 198

Result display selection: LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 142

Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio (ACLR).....................................................................44

└ Result diagram................................................................................................44

└ Result summary..............................................................................................45

Cumulative ACLR..........................................................................................................46

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└ Result diagram................................................................................................46

└ Result summary..............................................................................................47

Multi Carrier ACLR (MC ACLR).................................................................................... 47

└ Result diagram................................................................................................48

└ Result summary..............................................................................................49

Spectrum Emission Mask (SEM).................................................................................. 49

└ Result diagram................................................................................................50

└ Result summary..............................................................................................50

Marker Peak List........................................................................................................... 51

Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio (ACLR)

The adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR) measurement is designed to analyze signals that contain multiple signals for different radio standards. Using the ACLR measurement, you can determine the power of the transmit (Tx) channel and the power of the neighboring (adjacent) channels to the left and right of the Tx channel. Thus, the ACLR measurement provides information about the power in the adjacent channels as well as the leakage into these adjacent channels.

When you measure the ACLR in the LTE application, the R&S FSV/A automatically selects appropriate ACLR settings based on the selected channel bandwidth.

For a comprehensive description of the ACLR measurement, refer to the user manual of the R&S FSV/A.

Measurements and result displays

Frequency sweep measurements

Remote command: Selection: CONF:MEAS ACLR

Result diagram ← Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio (ACLR)

The result diagram is a graphic representation of the signals with a trace that shows the measured signal. Individual channels (Tx and adjacent channels) are indicated by vertical lines and corresponding labels.

In addition, the R&S FSV/A highlights the channels (blue: Tx channel, green: adjacent channels).

The x-axis represents the frequency with a frequency span that relates to the specified LTE channel and adjacent channel bandwidths. On the y-axis, the power is plotted in dBm.

The power for the Tx channel is an absolute value in dBm. The power of the adjacent channels is relative to the power of the Tx channel.

In addition, the R&S FSV/A tests the ACLR measurement results against the limits defined by 3GPP.

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Remote command: Result query: TRACe:DATA?

Measurements and result displays

Frequency sweep measurements

Result summary ← Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio (ACLR)

The result summary shows the signal characteristics in numerical form. Each row in the table corresponds to a certain channel type (Tx, adjacent channel). The columns contain the channel characteristics.

●

Channel

Shows the channel type (Tx, adjacent or alternate channel).

●

Bandwidth

Shows the channel bandwidth.

●

Offset

Shows the channel spacing.

●

Power

Shows the power of the Tx channel.

●

Lower / Upper

Shows the relative power of the lower and upper adjacent and alternate channels. The values turn red if the power violates the limits.

●

Limit

Shows the limit of that channel, if one is defined.

Remote command: Result query: CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:FUNCtion:POWer<sb>:RESult[:

CURRent]?

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Cumulative ACLR

The cumulative ACLR measurement is designed to measure the cumulative ACLR test requirement for non-contiguous spectrum in 36.141. It calculates the cumulative ACLR of the gaps as defined in 3GPP 36.141. Note that this measurement is only useful for two non-contiguous carriers.

The gap channels are labeled "Gap<x>U" or "Gap<x>L", with <x> representing the number of the gap channels and "U" and "L" standing for "Upper" and "Lower". The number of analyzed gap channels depends on the channel spacing between the carriers as defined in the test specification.

Remote command: Selection: CONF:MEAS CCAC

Result diagram ← Cumulative ACLR

In addition, the R&S FSV/A highlights the channels (blue: Tx channel, green: adjacent channels).

The x-axis represents the frequency. Note that the application automatically determines the center frequency and span of the measurement according to the frequencies of the carriers.

On the y-axis, the power is plotted in dBm. The power for the Tx channels is an absolute value in dBm. The power of the gap channels is an absolute value relative to the cumulative power of the Tx channels. The power of the channels is automatically tested against the limits defined by 3GPP.

The result display contains several additional elements.

●

Blue and green lines: Represent the bandwidths of the carriers (blue lines) and those of the gap channels (green lines). Note that the channels can overlap each other.

●

Blue and green bars: Represent the integrated power of the transmission channels (blue bars) and gap channels (green bars).

Measurements and result displays

Frequency sweep measurements

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Remote command:

TRACe:DATA?

Result summary ← Cumulative ACLR

A table in the result display contains information about the measurement in numerical form:

●

Channel

Shows the type of channel. Channel "A" and "B" represent the component carriers. For each of the channels, the application also shows the "Total", which should be the same as that for the channel. The other rows ("AB:Gap") represent the gap channels.

●

Bandwidth

Shows the bandwidth of the channel. The bandwidth of the carrier is the sum of the two component carriers.

●

Frequency

Shows the frequency of the carrier. Available for the aggregated carriers.

●

Offset

Frequency offset relative to the center frequency of the aggregated carrier. Available for the gap channels.

●

Power / Lower / Upper

Shows the power of the carrier and the power of the lower and upper gap channels relative to the power of the aggregated carrier.

Measurements and result displays

Frequency sweep measurements

Remote command: Result query: CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:FUNCtion:POWer<sb>:RESult[:

CURRent]? on page 172

Limit check adjacent: CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>:ACPower:ACHannel:RESult? on page 188 Limit check alternate: CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>:ACPower:ALTernate<alt>:

RESult? on page 189

Multi Carrier ACLR (MC ACLR)

The MC ACLR measurement is basically the same as the Adjacent Channel Leakage

Ratio (ACLR) measurement: it measures the power of the transmission channels and

neighboring channels and their effect on each other. Instead of measuring a single carrier, the MC ACLR measures several component carriers and the gaps in between. The component carriers do not necessarily have to be next to each other.

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In its default state, the MC ACLR measurement measures one neighboring channel above and below the carrier. You can select the type and bandwidth of the neighboring channel (it is either an UTRA or E-UTRA channel) in the Carrier Aggregation panel.

Note that you can configure a different neighboring channel setup with the tools provided by the measurement. These tools are the same as those in the spectrum application. For more information, refer to the documentation of the R&S FSV/A.

The configuration in its default state complies with the test specifications defined in

36.141. Remote command:

Selection: CONF:MEAS MCAC

Result diagram ← Multi Carrier ACLR (MC ACLR)

In addition, the R&S FSV/A highlights the channels (blue: Tx channel, green: adjacent channels).

The x-axis represents the frequency with a frequency span that relates to the LTE channel characteristics and adjacent channel bandwidths. Note that the application automatically determines the center frequency of the measurement according to the frequencies of the carriers.

On the y-axis, the power is plotted in dBm. The power for the TX channels is an absolute value in dBm. The powers of the adjacent channels are values relative to the power of the TX channel. The power of the channels is automatically tested against the limits defined by 3GPP.

The result display contains several additional elements.

●

Blue and green lines: Represent the bandwidths of the carriers (blue lines) and those of the neighboring channels (green lines). Note that the channels can overlap each other.

●

Blue and green bars: Represent the integrated power of the transmission channels (blue bars) and neighboring channels (green bars).

Measurements and result displays

Frequency sweep measurements

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Remote command:

TRACe:DATA?

Result summary ← Multi Carrier ACLR (MC ACLR)

A table above the result display contains information about the measurement in numerical form:

●

Channel

Shows the type of channel. The first rows represent the characteristics of the component carriers. The label also indicates their respective bandwidths (for example: LTE_10M1 means the first LTE channel ("_10M1) with a 10 MHz bandwidth ("_10M1")). The information also includes the total power of all component carriers. The other rows represent the neighboring channels (Adj Lower / Upper and Alt1 Lower / Upper).

●

Bandwidth

Shows the bandwidth of the channel. The bandwidth of the carrier is the sum of the two component carriers.

●

Frequency

Shows the center frequency of the component carriers.

●

Offset

Frequency offset relative to the center frequency of the aggregated carrier.

●

Power / Lower / Upper / Gap

Shows the power of the carrier and the power of the lower and upper neighboring channels relative to the power of the aggregated carrier.

Measurements and result displays

Frequency sweep measurements

Note that the font of the results turns red if the signal violates the limits defined by 3GPP.

Remote command: Result query: CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:FUNCtion:POWer<sb>:RESult[:

CURRent]? on page 172

Limit check adjacent: CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>:ACPower:ACHannel:RESult? on page 188 Limit check alternate: CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>:ACPower:ALTernate<alt>:

RESult? on page 189

Spectrum Emission Mask (SEM) Note: The application also provides multi-SEM measurements as a separate measure-

ment. This measurement is basically the same as the SEM measurement, with the dif-

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ference that it analyzes several sub blocks, each with its own power class definition. The multi-SEM measurement also supports Carrier Aggregation.

The "Spectrum Emission Mask" (SEM) measurement shows the quality of the measured signal by comparing the power values in the frequency range near the carrier against a spectral mask that is defined by the 3GPP specifications. In this way, you can test the performance of the DUT and identify the emissions and their distance to the limit.

For a comprehensive description of the SEM measurement, refer to the user manual of the R&S FSV/A.

Remote command: Selection (SEM): CONF:MEAS ESP Selection (Multi-SEM): CONF:MEAS MCES

Result diagram ← Spectrum Emission Mask (SEM)

The result diagram is a graphic representation of the signal with a trace that shows the measured signal. The SEM is represented by a red line.

If any measured power levels are above that limit line, the test fails. If all power levels are inside the specified limits, the test passes. The application labels the limit line to indicate whether the limit check has passed or failed.

The x-axis represents the frequency with a frequency span that relates to the specified LTE channel bandwidths. The y-axis shows the signal power in dBm.

Measurements and result displays

Frequency sweep measurements

Remote command: Result query: TRACe:DATA?

Result summary ← Spectrum Emission Mask (SEM)

The result summary shows the signal characteristics in numerical form. Each row in the table corresponds to a certain SEM range. The columns contain the range characteristics. If a limit fails, the range characteristics turn red.

●

Start / Stop Freq Rel

Shows the start and stop frequency of each section of the spectrum emission mask relative to the center frequency.

●

RBW

Shows the resolution bandwidth of each section of the spectrum emission mask.

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●

Freq at Δ to Limit

Shows the absolute frequency whose power measurement being closest to the limit line for the corresponding frequency segment.

●

Power Abs

Shows the absolute measured power of the frequency whose power is closest to the limit. The application evaluates this value for each frequency segment.

●

Power Rel

Shows the distance from the measured power to the limit line at the frequency whose power is closest to the limit. The application evaluates this value for each frequency segment.

●

Δ to Limit

Shows the minimal distance of the tolerance limit to the SEM trace for the corresponding frequency segment. Negative distances indicate that the trace is below the tolerance limit, positive distances indicate that the trace is above the tolerance limit.

Note that when you perform a multi-SEM measurement, the table is expanded to show information about the subblocks.

Measurements and result displays

Frequency sweep measurements

Marker Peak List

The marker peak list determines the frequencies and levels of peaks in the spectrum or time domain. How many peaks are displayed can be defined, as well as the sort order. In addition, the detected peaks can be indicated in the diagram. The peak list can also be exported to a file for analysis in an external application.

Tip: To navigate within long marker peak lists, simply scroll through the entries with your finger on the touchscreen.

Remote command: LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, PEAK, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 142 Results:

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CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:X on page 184 CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:Y on page 185

3.8 3GPP test scenarios

3GPP defines several test scenarios for measuring base stations. These test scenarios are described in detail in 3GPP TS 36.141.

The following table provides an overview which measurements available in the LTE application are suited to use for the test scenarios in the 3GPP documents.

Table 3-1: Test scenarios for E-TMs as defined by 3GPP (3GPP TS 36.141)

Test Model Test scenario Test described in Measurement

E-TM1.1 Base station output power chapter 6.2 Power (➙ "Result Sum-

Measurements and result displays

3GPP test scenarios

mary")

E-TM1.2 ACLR chapter 6.6.2 ACLR

E-TM2 RE power control dynamic

Transmit on/off power chapter 6.4 On/Off Power

DL RS power chapter 6.5.4 RSTP (➙ "Result Summary")

Time alignment chapter 6.5.3 Time alignment error

Transmitter intermodulation chapter 6.7 ACLR

Occupied bandwidth chapter 6.6.1

ACLR chapter 6.6.2 ACLR

Operating band unwanted emissions

Transmitter spurious emissions

Operating band unwanted emissions

range

Frequency error chapter 6.5.1 Frequency Error (➙ "Result

Total power dynamic range chapter 6.3.2 OSTP (➙ "Result Summary")

chapter 6.6.3 Spectrum emission mask

chapter 6.6.4

chapter 6.6.2 Spectrum emission mask

chapter 6.3.1 Power results

Occupied bandwidth

Spurious emissions

Summary")

E-TM2a Total power dynamic range chapter 6.3.2 OSTP (➙ "Result Summary")

E-TM2b Total power dynamic range chapter 6.3.2 OSTP (➙ "Result Summary")

Error vector magnitude chapter 6.5.2 EVM results

Frequency error chapter 6.5.1 Frequency error (➙ "Result

Summary")

Error vector magnitude chapter 6.5.2 EVM results

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Test Model Test scenario Test described in Measurement

Measurements and result displays

3GPP test scenarios

E-TM3.1 RE power control dynamic

E-TM3.1a Total power dynamic range chapter 6.3.2 OSTP (➙ "Result Summary")

E-TM3.1b Total power dynamic range chapter 6.3.2 OSTP (➙ "Result Summary")

E-TM3.2 RE power control dynamic

Frequency error chapter 6.5.1 OSTP (➙ "Result Summary")

chapter 6.3.1 Power results

range

Total power dynamic range chapter 6.3.2 OSTP (➙ "Result Summary")

Frequency error chapter 6.5.1 Frequency error (➙ "Result

Summary")

Error vector magnitude chapter 6.5.2 EVM results

Frequency error chapter 6.5.1 Frequency error (➙ "Result

Summary")

Error vector magnitude chapter 6.5.2 EVM results

Frequency error chapter 6.5.1 OSTP (➙ "Result Summary")

chapter 6.3.1 Power results

range

Frequency error chapter 6.5.1 Frequency error (➙ "Result

Summary")

E-TM3.3 RE power control dynamic

these measurements are available in the spectrum application of the Rohde & Schwarz signal and spec-

trum analyzers (for example the R&S FSW)

Error vector magnitude chapter 6.5.2 EVM results

chapter 6.3.1 Power results

range

Frequency error chapter 6.5.1 Frequency error (➙ "Result

Summary")

Error vector magnitude chapter 6.5.2 EVM results

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4 Measurement Basics

● Symbols and variables............................................................................................54

● Overview................................................................................................................. 55

● The LTE downlink analysis measurement application............................................ 55

● Performing time alignment measurements............................................................. 58

● Performing transmit on/off power measurements................................................... 60

4.1 Symbols and variables

The following chapters use various symbols and variables in the equations that the measurements are based on. The table below explains these symbols for a better understanding of the measurement principles.

Measurement Basics

Symbols and variables

l,kâl,k

l,k

Δf, Δ

coarse

Δf

res

l,k, l,k

i time index

, î

coarse

fine

k subcarrier index

l OFDM symbol index

FFT

n subchannel index, subframe index

data symbol (actual, decided)

boosting factor

carrier frequency offset between transmitter and receiver (actual, coarse estimate)

residual carrier frequency offset

relative sampling frequency offset

channel transfer function (actual, estimate)

timing estimate (coarse, fine)

length of FFT

number of samples in cyclic prefix (guard interval)

number of Nyquist samples

number of resource elements

l,k

r(i) received sample in the time domain

, r'

, r''

l,k

T useful symbol time

noise sample

common phase error

received sample (uncompensated, partially compensated, equalized) in the frequency domain

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Measurement Basics

The LTE downlink analysis measurement application

guard time

symbol time

4.2 Overview

The digital signal processing (DSP) involves several stages until the software can present results like the EVM.

The contents of this chapter are structured like the DSP.

4.3 The LTE downlink analysis measurement application

The block diagram in Figure 4-1 shows the EUTRA/LTE downlink measurement application from the capture buffer containing the I/Q data to the actual analysis block. The outcome of the fully compensated reference path (orange) is the estimate â

transmitted data symbols a received samples r''

of the measurement path (blue) still contain the transmitted sig-

l,k

. Depending on the user-defined compensation, the

l,k

nal impairments of interest. The analysis block reveals these impairments by comparing the reference and the measurement path. Prior to the analysis, diverse synchronization and channel estimation tasks have to be accomplished.

of the

l,k

4.3.1 Synchronization

The first of the synchronization tasks is to estimate the OFDM symbol timing, which coarsely estimates both timing and carrier frequency offset. The frame synchronization block determines the position of the P-/S-Sync symbols in time and frequency by using the coarse fractional frequency offset compensated capture buffer and the timing estimate î

the reference signal is used for synchronization. The fine timing block prior to the FFT allows a timing improvement and makes sure that the EVM window is centered on the measured cyclic prefix of the considered OFDM symbol. For the 3GPP EVM calculation according to 3GPP TS 36.211 (v8.9.0), the block “window” produces three signals taken at the timing offsets , and . For the reference path, only the signal taken at the timing offset is used.

to position the window of the FFT. If no P-/S-Sync is available in the signal,

coarse

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lTfNNjlkNNjj

klklkl

NeeeHAR

CFOres

resFFTS

SFO

FFTS

CPE

,,,



 



 



 





Measurement Basics

The LTE downlink analysis measurement application

Figure 4-1: Block diagram for the LTE DL measurement application

After the time to frequency transformation by an FFT of length N

, the phase syn-

FFT

chronization block is used to estimate the following:

●

The relative sampling frequency offset ζ (SFO)

●

The residual carrier frequency offset Δf

●

The common phase error Φl (CPE)

(CFO)

res

According to 3GPP TS 25.913 and 3GPP TR 25.892, the uncompensated samples can be expressed as

Equation 4-1:

where

●

The data symbol is a

●

The channel transfer function is H

●

The number of Nyquist samples is Ns within the symbol time T

●

The useful symbol time T=Ts-T

●

The independent and Gaussian distributed noise sample is n

, on subcarrier k at OFDM symbol l

l,k

Within one OFDM symbol, both the CPE and the residual CFO cause the same phase rotation for each subcarrier, while the rotation due to the SFO depends linearly on the subcarrier index. A linear phase increase in symbol direction can be observed for the residual CFO as well as for the SFO.

The results of the tracking estimation block are used to compensate the samples r

l,k

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



 







 







klkl

EVM

'' ,





Whereas a full compensation is performed in the reference path, the signal impairments that are of interest to the user are left uncompensated in the measurement path.

After having decided the data symbols in the reference path, an additional phase tracking can be utilized to refine the CPE estimation.

4.3.2 Channel estimation and equalization

As shown in Figure 4-1, there is one coarse and one fine channel estimation block. The reference signal-based coarse estimation is tapped behind the CFO compensation block (SFO compensation can optionally be enabled) of the reference path. The coarse estimation block uses the reference signal symbols to determine estimates of the channel transfer function by interpolation in both time and frequency direction. A special channel estimation ( coarse estimation results are used to equalize the samples of the reference path prior to symbol decision. Based on the decided data symbols, a fine channel estimation is optimally performed and then used to equalize the partially compensated samples of the measurement path.

Measurement Basics

The LTE downlink analysis measurement application

) as defined in 3GPP TS 36.211 is additionally generated. The

4.3.3 Analysis

The analysis block of the EUTRA/LTE downlink measurement application allows to compute a variety of measurement variables.

EVM

The error vector magnitude (EVM) measurement results 'EVM PDSCH QPSK/16QAM/64-QAM' are calculated according to the specification in 3GPP TS 36.211.

All other EVM measurement results are calculated according to

Equation 4-2:

on subcarrier k at OFDM symbol l, where b power of all possible constellations is 1 when no boosting is applied, the equation can

be rewritten as

is the boosting factor. Since the average

l,k

Equation 4-3:

The average EVM of all data subcarriers is then

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



l k

REdata

data

EVM

       

tsjQtsItr 

|1|balancegain modulator Q

}1arg{mismatch quadrature Q

Equation 4-4:

Measurement Basics

Performing time alignment measurements

The number of resource elements taken into account is denoted by N

RE data

I/Q imbalance

The I/Q imbalance can be written as

Equation 4-5:

where s(t) is the transmit signal, r(t) is the received signal, and I and Q are the weighting factors. We define that I:=1 and Q:=1+ΔQ.

The I/Q imbalance estimation makes it possible to evaluate the

Equation 4-6:

and the

Equation 4-7:

based on the complex-valued estimate .

Other measurement variables

Without going into detail, the EUTRA/LTE downlink measurement application additionally provides the following results.

●

Total power

●

Constellation diagram

●

Group delay

●

I/Q offset

●

Crest factor

●

Spectral flatness

4.4 Performing time alignment measurements

The measurement application allows you to perform time alignment measurements between different antennas.

The measurement supports setups of up to four Tx antennas.

The result of the measurement is the time alignment error. The time alignment error is the time offset between a reference antenna (for example antenna 1) and another antenna.

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The time alignment error results are summarized in the corresponding result display.

A schematic description of the results is provided in Figure 4-2.

Measurement Basics

Performing time alignment measurements

Tx Antenna 1 (Reference)

Time

Tx Antenna 2

Time Alignment Error

LTE Frame Start Indicator

Time Alignment Error

Figure 4-2: Time Alignment Error (4 Tx antennas)

Δ2,1

Time

Tx Antenna 3

Δ3,1

Time

Tx Antenna 4

Δ4,1

Time

Test setup

Successful Time Alignment measurements require a correct test setup.

A typical hardware test setup is shown in Figure 4-3. Note that the dashed connections are only required for MIMO measurements on 4 Tx antennas.

Tx Ant 1

Tx Ant 2

DUT

Tx Ant 3

FSx

Tx Ant 4

Figure 4-3: Hardware setup

For best measurement result accuracy, it is recommended to use cables of the same length and identical combiners as adders.

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In the application, make sure to correctly apply the following settings.

●

Select a reference antenna in the MIMO Configuration dialog box (not "All")

●

Set the Subframe Selection to "All"

●

Turn on Compensate Crosstalk in the "Demodulation Settings"

●

Note that the Time Alignment measurement only evaluates the reference signal and therefore ignores any PDSCH settings - for example, it does not have an influence on this measurement if the PDSCH MIMO scheme is set to transmit diversity or spatial multiplexing.

4.5 Performing transmit on/off power measurements

The technical specification in 3GPP TS 36.141 describes the measurement of the transmitter "Off" power and the transmitter transient period of an EUTRA/LTE TDD base transceiver station (BTS) operating at its specified maximum output power.

A special hardware setup is required for this measurement. During the transmitter "Off" periods (the interesting parts of the signal for this measurement), the signal power is very low - measuring such low powers requires a low attenuation at the RF input. On the other hand, the signal power is very high during the transmitter "On" periods - in fact the signal power is usually higher than the maximum allowed RF input level. Measuring high signal levels requires an appropriate test setup as described below.

Measurement Basics

Performing transmit on/off power measurements

Risk of instrument damage

The signal power during the "On" transmitter periods in this test scenario is usually higher than the maximum power allowed at the RF input of a spectrum analyzer.

Make sure to set up the measurement appropriately. Not doing so can cause severe damage to the spectrum analyzer.

Test setup

Ext. reference signal

Analyzer with option B25

(electronic attenuator)

Frame Trigger

Ext Trigger

RF Input

BTS

Tx signal

10 dB

Attenuator

Figure 4-4: Test setup for transmit on / off power measurement

RF Limiter

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●

Connect an RF limiter to the RF input to protect the RF input from damage (see

Figure 4-4). Table 4-1 shows the specifications that the limiter has to fulfill.

●

Insert an additional 10 dB attenuator in front of the RF limiter to absorb possible reflected waves (because of the high VSWR of the limiter). The maximum allowed CW input power of the attenuator must be lower than the maximum output power of the BTS.

Table 4-1: Specifications of the RF limiter in the test setup

Min. acceptable CW input power BTS output power minus 10 dB

Min. acceptable peak input power BTS peak output power minus 10 dB

Max. output leakage 20 dBm

Max. response time 1 µs

Max. recovery time 1 µs

Measuring the on / off power

Measurement Basics

Performing transmit on/off power measurements

●

Use test model E-TM1.1 for transmit on / off power measurements according to

36.141, 6.4. For more information about loading test model settings, see Chapter 5.2.2, "Test

scenarios", on page 72.

●

If you are using an external trigger, you have to adjust the timing before you can start the actual measurement. The status message in the diagram header shows if timing adjustment is required or not. After timing was successfully adjusted, you can start the measurement. Note that relevant changes of settings might require another timing adjustment. If timing adjustment fails for any reason, the application shows a corresponding message in the diagram header. To find out what causes the synchronization failure, you should perform a regular EVM measurement (i.e. leave the ON/OFF Power measurement). Then you can use all the measurement results like "EVM vs Carrier" to get more detailed information about the failure. The timing adjustment will succeed if the synchronization state in the header is OK.

●

If you are using an R&S FSQ or R&S FSG for the measurement, it is recommended to use the external trigger mode, because for high power signals a successful synchronization is not guaranteed under certain circumstances.

When you start the measurement ("Run Single"), the R&S FSV/A starts the measurement. The number of measurements that trace averaging is based on depends on the

number of frames you have defined. When all measurements are done, the

R&S FSV/A indicates in the numerical result table if the measurement has failed or passed.

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5 Configuration

LTE measurements require a special application on the R&S FSV/A, which you activate using the [MODE] key on the front panel.

When you start the LTE application, the R&S FSV/A starts to measure the input signal with the default configuration or the configuration of the last measurement (when you haven't performed a preset since then). After you have started an instance of the LTE application, the application displays the "Meas Config" menu which contains functions to define the characteristics of the signal you are measuring.

Automatic refresh of preview and visualization in dialog boxes after configuration changes

The R&S FSV/A supports you in finding the correct measurement settings quickly and easily - after each change in settings in dialog boxes, the preview and visualization areas are updated immediately and automatically to reflect the changes. Thus, you can see if the setting is appropriate or not before accepting the changes.

Configuration

Configuration overview

Unavailable hardkeys

Note that the [SPAN], [BW], [TRACE], [LINES] and [MKR FUNC] keys have no contents and no function in the LTE application.

● Configuration overview............................................................................................62

● I/Q Measurements...................................................................................................64

● Time Alignment Error Measurements....................................................................116

● On / Off Power Measurements..............................................................................116

● Frequency Sweep Measurements.........................................................................117

5.1 Configuration overview

Throughout the measurement channel configuration, an overview of the most important currently defined settings is provided in the "Overview". The "Overview" is displayed when you select the "Overview" icon, which is available at the bottom of all softkey menus.

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In addition to the main measurement settings, the "Overview" provides quick access to the main settings dialog boxes. The individual configuration steps are displayed in the order of the data flow. Thus, you can easily configure an entire measurement channel from input over processing to output and analysis by stepping through the dialog boxes as indicated in the "Overview".

Configuration

Configuration overview

In particular, the "Overview" provides quick access to the following configuration dialog boxes (listed in the recommended order of processing):

1. Signal Description See Chapter 5.2.1, "Signal characteristics", on page 65.

2. Input / Frontend See Chapter 5.2.18, "Input source configuration", on page 100.

3. Trigger / Signal Capture See Chapter 5.2.22, "Trigger configuration", on page 109. See Chapter 5.2.21, "Data capture", on page 107

4. Estimation / Tracking See Chapter 5.2.24, "Measurement error compensation", on page 112.

5. Demodulation See Chapter 5.2.25, "Demodulation", on page 112.

6. Evaluation Range See Chapter 6.2.2, "Evaluation range", on page 126.

7. Analysis See Chapter 6, "Analysis", on page 122.

8. Display Configuration See Chapter 3, "Measurements and result displays", on page 15.

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In addition, the dialog box provides the "Select Measurement" button that serves as a shortcut to select the measurement type.

Note that the "Overview" dialog box for frequency sweep measurement is similar to that of the Spectrum mode.

For more information refer to the documentation of the R&S FSV/A.

To configure settings

► Select any button in the "Overview" to open the corresponding dialog box.

Select a setting in the channel bar (at the top of the measurement channel tab) to change a specific setting.

Preset Channel

Select the "Preset Channel" button in the lower left-hand corner of the "Overview" to restore all measurement settings in the current channel to their default values.

Note: Do not confuse the "Preset Channel" button with the [Preset] key, which restores the entire instrument to its default values and thus closes all channels on the R&S FSV/A (except for the default channel)!

Configuration

I/Q Measurements

Remote command:

SYSTem:PRESet:CHANnel[:EXEC] on page 199

Select Measurement

Opens a dialog box to select the type of measurement. For more information about selecting measurements, see Chapter 3.1, "Selecting mea-

surements", on page 15.

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:MEASurement on page 198

Specific Settings for

The channel can contain several windows for different results. Thus, the settings indicated in the "Overview" and configured in the dialog boxes vary depending on the selected window.

Select an active window from the "Specific Settings for" selection list that is displayed in the "Overview" and in all window-specific configuration dialog boxes.

The "Overview" and dialog boxes are updated to indicate the settings for the selected window.

5.2 I/Q Measurements

● Signal characteristics.............................................................................................. 65

● Test scenarios.........................................................................................................72

● Configuring MIMO setups....................................................................................... 73

● PDSCH demodulation.............................................................................................74

● PDSCH subframe configuration..............................................................................76

● Synchronization signal configuration.......................................................................82

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● Reference signal configuration................................................................................84

● Positioning reference signal configuration.............................................................. 85

● Channel state information reference signal configuration.......................................86

● PDSCH resource block symbol offset.....................................................................89

● PBCH configuration.................................................................................................90

● PCFICH configuration............................................................................................. 90

● PHICH configuration............................................................................................... 91

● PDCCH configuration..............................................................................................94

● EPDCCH configuration........................................................................................... 95

● Shared channel configuration................................................................................. 97

● MBSFN characteristics............................................................................................97

● Input source configuration.....................................................................................100

● Frequency configuration........................................................................................102

● Amplitude configuration.........................................................................................103

● Data capture..........................................................................................................107

● Trigger configuration............................................................................................. 109

● Parameter estimation and tracking........................................................................110

● Measurement error compensation........................................................................ 112

● Demodulation........................................................................................................ 112

● Automatic configuration.........................................................................................115

Configuration

I/Q Measurements

5.2.1 Signal characteristics

Access: "Overview" > "Signal Description" > "Signal Description"

The general signal characteristics contain settings to describe the general physical attributes of the signal.

Selecting the LTE mode................................................................................................ 66

Carrier Aggregation.......................................................................................................66

└ Basic component carrier configuration............................................................67

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└ Features of the I/Q measurements................................................................. 68

└ Features of the time alignment error measurement........................................68

└ Features of the cumulative and MC ACLR measurement.............................. 68

└ Remote commands to configure carrier aggregation......................................69

Channel Bandwidth / Number of Resource Blocks....................................................... 69

Cyclic Prefix.................................................................................................................. 70

Configuring TDD Frames.............................................................................................. 70

└ TDD UL/DL Allocations...................................................................................70

└ Conf. of Special Subframe..............................................................................71

Configuring the Physical Layer Cell Identity..................................................................71

Exclude Inband NB-IoT.................................................................................................72

Selecting the LTE mode

The "Mode" selects the LTE standard you are testing. The choices you have depend on the set of options you have installed.

●

Option xxx-K100 enables testing of 3GPP LTE FDD signals on the downlink

●

Option xxx-K101 enables testing of 3GPP LTE FDD signals on the uplink

●

Option xxx-K102 enables testing of 3GPP LTE MIMO signals on the downlink

●

Option xxx-K103 enables testing of 3GPP MIMO signals on the uplink

●

Option xxx-K104 enables testing of 3GPP LTE TDD signals on the downlink

●

Option xxx-K105 enables testing of 3GPP LTE TDD signals on the uplink

●

Option xxx-K106 enables testing of 3GPP LTE NB-IoT TDD signals on the downlink

FDD and TDD are duplexing methods.

●

FDD mode uses different frequencies for the uplink and the downlink.

●

TDD mode uses the same frequency for the uplink and the downlink.

Downlink (DL) and Uplink (UL) describe the transmission path.

●

Downlink is the transmission path from the base station to the user equipment. The physical layer mode for the downlink is always OFDMA.

●

Uplink is the transmission path from the user equipment to the base station. The physical layer mode for the uplink is always SC-FDMA.

The application shows the currently selected LTE mode (including the bandwidth) in the channel bar.

Configuration

I/Q Measurements

Remote command: Link direction: CONFigure[:LTE]:LDIRection on page 205 Duplexing mode: CONFigure[:LTE]:DUPLexing on page 201

Carrier Aggregation

Carrier aggregation has been introduced in the LTE standard to increase the bandwidth. In those systems, several carriers can be used to transmit a signal.

Each carrier usually has one of the channel bandwidths defined by 3GPP. The R&S FSV/A features several measurements that support contiguous and non-con-

tiguous intra-band carrier aggregation (the carriers are in the same frequency band).

●

I/Q based measurements (EVM, frequency error, etc.) (downlink)

●

I/Q based measurements (EVM, frequency error, etc.) (uplink)

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●

Time alignment error (downlink)

●

Time alignment error (uplink)

●

Cumulative ACLR (downlink, non-contiguous intra-band carrier aggregation)

●

Multi carrier ACLR (downlink, non-contiguous intra-band carrier aggregation)

●

Multi carrier ACLR (uplink, contiguous intra-band carrier aggregation)

●

SEM (downlink, non-contiguous intra-band carrier aggregation)

●

SEM (uplink, contiguous intra-band carrier aggregation)

The way to configure these measurements is similar (but not identical, the differences are indicated below).

●

"Basic component carrier configuration" on page 67

●

"Features of the I/Q measurements" on page 68

●

"Features of the time alignment error measurement" on page 68

●

"Features of the cumulative and MC ACLR measurement" on page 68

●

"Remote commands to configure carrier aggregation" on page 69

Basic component carrier configuration ← Carrier Aggregation

The number of component carriers (CCs) you can select depends on the measurement.

●

I/Q based measurements (EVM etc.): up to 5 CCs

●

Time alignment error: up to 2 CCs

●

Multi-carrier ACLR: up to 5 CCs

●

Cumulative ACLR: up to 5 CCs

●

Multi-carrier SEM: up to 5 CCs

You can define the characteristics of the CCs in the table in the "Carrier Configuration" panel (in the "Signal Characteristics" dialog box). Depending on the "Number of Component Carriers", the application adjusts the size of the table. Each line corresponds to a component carrier.

●

The "Center Frequency" defines the carrier frequency of the carriers.

●

For each carrier, you can select the "Bandwidth" from the corresponding dropdown menu.

●

For all component carriers, the R&S FSV/A also shows the "Frequency Offset" relative to the center frequency of the first carrier. If you define a different frequency offset, the application adjusts the center frequency accordingly.

Note that the actual measurement frequency differs from the carrier frequencies: the application calculates that frequency based on the carrier frequencies. It is somewhere in between the carrier frequencies.

The measurement frequency is displayed in the channel bar. For each component carrier, you can select one of the channel bandwidths defined

by 3GPP from the "Bandwidth" dropdown menus. The combination of bandwidths is arbitrary.

When the defined carrier configuration is not supported by the application, a corresponding error message is displayed. This can be the case, for example, if the carriers occupy a bandwidth that is too large.

Configuration

I/Q Measurements

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Features of the I/Q measurements ← Carrier Aggregation

For measurements on component carriers, results are shown for each component carrier separately. The layout of the diagrams is adjusted like this:

●

The first tab ("All") shows the results for all component carriers.

●

The other tabs ("CC <x>") show the results for each component carrier individually.

The application also shows the "Occupied Bandwidth" of the aggregated carriers and the "Sample Rate" in a read-only field below the carrier configuration.

Configuration

I/Q Measurements

Features of the time alignment error measurement ← Carrier Aggregation

When you perform a TAE measurement, you can capture the data of the component carriers either on one R&S FSV/A ("wideband capture") or on two R&S FSV/A. When you capture the data with only one R&S FSV/A, make sure that it has a bandwidth wide enough to capture all component carriers in a single measurement.

You can define the number of devices to measure in the corresponding input field. You can configure additional signal characteristics of the first and second carrier in the

"CC1" and "CC2" tabs. In case you are testing a MIMO DUT, you can also select the number of antennas the

DUT supports. When you select "1 Tx Antenna", the application measures the timing difference between two SISO carriers, when you select more than one antenna, it measures the timing difference between the antennas. In that case, you can select the reference antenna from the dropdown menu in the time alignment error result display.

Note that the application shows measurement results for the second component carrier even if only one antenna of the second component carrier is attached (i.e. no combiner is used).

Features of the cumulative and MC ACLR measurement ← Carrier Aggregation

The diagram at the bottom of the dialog box represents the current configuration. When you change the bandwidth of a carrier (represented by blue bars), the application adjusts the bandwidth of the carriers in the diagram accordingly.

In the MC ACLR measurement, you can also define the bandwidth characteristics of the upper and lower neighboring channels (not represented in the diagram).

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Remote commands to configure carrier aggregation ← Carrier Aggregation

Remote command: Number of carriers: CONFigure[:LTE]:NOCC on page 255 Carrier frequency: [SENSe:]FREQuency:CENTer[:CC<cc>] on page 235 Measurement frequency: SENSe:FREQuency:CENTer? Offset: [SENSe:]FREQuency:CENTer[:CC<cc>]:OFFSet on page 236 Channel bandwidth: CONFigure[:LTE]:DL[:CC<cc>]:BW on page 201 Number of devices: CONFigure[:LTE]:NDEVices on page 257 Lower adjacent channel BW: [SENSe:]POWer:ACHannel:AACHannel on page 257 Upper adjacent channel BW: [SENSe:]POWer:ACHannel:UAAChannel on page 258

Configuration

I/Q Measurements

Channel Bandwidth / Number of Resource Blocks

Specifies the channel bandwidth and number of resource blocks (RB). The channel bandwidth and number of resource blocks (RB) are interdependent. Cur-

rently, the LTE standard recommends six bandwidths (see table below). Tip: The "Auto LTE Config" feature (available in the "Auto Set" menu) automatically

detects the channel bandwidth. The application also calculates the FFT size, sampling rate, occupied bandwidth and

occupied carriers from the channel bandwidth. Those are read only.

Channel Bandwidth [MHz] 1.4 20151053

Number of Resource Blocks 6 10075502515

Sample Rate [MHz] 1.92 30.7230.7215.367.683.84

FFT Size 128 204820481024512256

For more information about configuring aggregated carriers, see "Carrier Aggregation" on page 66.

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The application shows the currently selected LTE mode (including the bandwidth) in the channel bar.

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:DL[:CC<cc>]:BW on page 201

Cyclic Prefix

The cyclic prefix serves as a guard interval between OFDM symbols to avoid interferences. The standard specifies two cyclic prefix modes with a different length each.

The cyclic prefix mode defines the number of OFDM symbols in a slot.

●

Normal A slot contains 7 OFDM symbols.

●

Extended A slot contains 6 OFDM symbols. The extended cyclic prefix is able to cover larger cell sizes with higher delay spread of the radio channel.

●

Auto The application automatically detects the cyclic prefix mode in use.

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:DL[:CC<cc>]:CYCPrefix on page 201

Configuration

I/Q Measurements

Configuring TDD Frames

TDD frames contain both uplink and downlink information separated in time with every subframe being responsible for either uplink or downlink transmission. The standard specifies several subframe configurations or resource allocations for TDD systems.

TDD UL/DL Allocations ← Configuring TDD Frames

Selects the configuration of the subframes in a radio frame in TDD systems. The UL/DL configuration (or allocation) defines the way each subframe is used: for

uplink, downlink or if it is a special subframe. The standard specifies seven different configurations.

Configuration

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

= uplink

U D = downlink S = special subframe

0 987654321 D D D D D D D

S S S S S S S

Subframe Number and Usage

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)2()1(

IDID

cell ID

NNN 

Remote command: Subframe: CONFigure[:LTE]:DL[:CC<cc>]:TDD:UDConf on page 204

Conf. of Special Subframe ← Configuring TDD Frames

In combination with the cyclic prefix, the special subframes serve as guard periods for switches from uplink to downlink. They contain three parts or fields.

●

DwPTS The DwPTS is the downlink part of the special subframe. It is used to transmit downlink data.

●

GP The guard period makes sure that there are no overlaps of up- and downlink signals during a switch.

●

UpPTS The UpPTS is the uplink part of the special subframe. It is used to transmit uplink data.

The length of the three fields is variable. This results in several possible configurations of the special subframe. The LTE standard defines 10 different configurations for the special subframe. However, configurations 8 and 9 only work for a normal cyclic prefix.

If you select configurations 8 or 9 using an extended cyclic prefix or automatic detection of the cyclic prefix, the application will show an error message.

Remote command: Special subframe: CONFigure[:LTE]:DL[:CC<cc>]:TDD:SPSC on page 204

Configuration

I/Q Measurements

Configuring the Physical Layer Cell Identity

The "Cell ID", "Cell Identity Group" and physical layer "Identity" are interdependent parameters. In combination, they are responsible for synchronization between network and user equipment.

The physical layer cell ID identifies a particular radio cell in the LTE network. The cell identities are divided into 168 unique cell identity groups. Each group consists of 3 physical layer identities. According to:

(1)

= cell identity group, {0...167}

(2)

= physical layer identity, {0...2}

there is a total of 504 different cell IDs. If you change one of these three parameters, the application automatically updates the

other two. For automatic detection of the cell ID, turn on the "Auto" function. Before it can establish a connection, the user equipment must synchronize to the radio

cell it is in. For this purpose, two synchronization signals are transmitted on the downlink. These two signals are reference signals whose content is defined by the "Physical Layer Identity" and the "Cell Identity Group".

The first signal is one of 3 possible Zadoff-Chu sequences. The sequence that is used is defined by the physical layer identity. It is part of the P-Sync.

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The second signal is one of 168 unique sequences. The sequence is defined by the cell identity group. This sequence is part of the S-Sync.

In addition to the synchronization information, the cell ID also determines:

●

The cyclic shifts for PCFICH, PHICH and PDCCH mapping,

●

The frequency shifts of the reference signal.

Remote command: Cell ID: CONFigure[:LTE]:DL[:CC<cc>]:PLC:CID on page 203 Cell Identity Group (setting): CONFigure[:LTE]:DL[:CC<cc>]:PLC:CIDGroup on page 203 Cell Identity Group (query): FETCh[:CC<cc>]:PLC:CIDGroup? on page 205 Identity (setting): CONFigure[:LTE]:DL[:CC<cc>]:PLC:PLID on page 203 Identity (query): FETCh[:CC<cc>]:PLC:PLID? on page 206

Exclude Inband NB-IoT

The 3GPP standard specifies several operating modes, or deployments, for NB-IoT transmission. The deployment specifies where the NB-IoT signal is located in the frequency spectrum.

One of these deployments is the inband deployment. In that case, the The NB-IoT signal uses resource blocks within an LTE carrier.

You can exclude the resource blocks used by the NB-IoT signal from the measurement results when you turn on "Exclude Inband NBIoT". When you turn on this feature, you can also define the location of the NB-IoT signal within the LTE carrier as an resource block offset. The resource block offset is a value relative to resource block 0.

Remote command: State: CONFigure[:LTE]:DL[:CC<cc>]:EINBiot[:STATe] on page 202 Offset: CONFigure[:LTE]:DL[:CC<cc>]:NRBoffset on page 202

Configuration

I/Q Measurements

5.2.2 Test scenarios

Access: "Overview" > "Signal Description" > "Test Models"

Test scenarios are descriptions of specific LTE signals for standardized testing of DUTs. These test scenarios are stored in .allocation files. You can select, manage and create test scenarios in the "Test Models" dialog box.

3GPP test models

Test models are certain signal descriptions defined by 3GPP for various test scenarios. 3GPP calls them E-TM. These E-TM are defined in 3GPP 36.141.

There are three main test model groups E-TM1, E-TM2 and E-TM3). Each of these main groups in turn contain signal descriptions for specific signal configurations (different transmission type, different bandwidth etc.).

Test models are defined by the following characteristics.

●

Single antenna port, single code word, single layer and no precoding

●

Duration of one frame

●

Normal cyclic prefix

●

Localized virtual resource blocks, no intra-subframe hopping for PDSCH

●

UE-specific reference signal not used

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The data content of the physical channels and signals is defined by 3GPP. Each E-TM is defined for all bandwidths defined in the standard (1.4 MHz / 3 MHz / 5 MHz / 10 MHz / 15 MHz / 20 MHz).

For an overview of the test scenarios, see Chapter 3.8, "3GPP test scenarios", on page 52.

Remote command:

MMEMory:LOAD[:CC<cc>]:TMOD:DL on page 206

User defined test scenarios

User defined test scenarios are custom signal descriptions for standardized measurements that you can save and restore as you like. To create a custom test scenario, describe a signal as required and then save it with the corresponding button. The R&S FSV/A stores custom scenarios in .allocation files.

If you do not need test scenarios any longer, you can also delete them. Remote command:

Save: MMEMory:STORe<n>[:CC<cc>]:DEModsetting on page 207 Restore: MMEMory:LOAD[:CC<cc>]:DEModsetting on page 206

Configuration

I/Q Measurements

5.2.3 Configuring MIMO setups

Access: "Overview" > "Signal Description" > "MIMO / CA Setup"

MIMO measurements need a special setup that you can configure with the settings available in the MIMO configuration dialog box.

The "Auto LTE Config" feature (available in the "Auto Set" menu) automatically detects the MIMO configuration.

Configuring component carriers

When you are doing measurements on aggregated carriers, you can configure each carrier separately.

When available, each carrier in the dialog boxes is represented by an additional tab labeled "CC<x>", with <x> indicating the number of the component carrier.

Note that the additional tabs are only added to the user interface after you have selected more than "1" component carrier.

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Functions in the "MIMO Setup" dialog box described elsewhere:

●

"Number Of Component Carrier", see "Carrier Aggregation" on page 66.

DUT MIMO Configuration..............................................................................................74

Tx Antenna Selection....................................................................................................74

DUT MIMO Configuration

The "DUT MIMO Configuration" selects the number of antennas in the system you are analyzing.

The number of antennas corresponds to the number of cell-specific reference signals. The R&S FSV/A supports measurements on one, two or four antennas. Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:DL[:CC<cc>]:MIMO:CONFig on page 207

Tx Antenna Selection

The "Tx Antenna Selection" selects the antenna(s) you want to analyze. The number of menu items depends on the number of antennas in the system.

Each antenna corresponds to a cell-specific reference signal. For automatic detection, the R&S FSV/A analyzes the reference signal to select the

antenna. It also determines the order in which the antennas are tested.

Configuration

I/Q Measurements

Antenna 1 Tests antenna 1 only.

Antenna 2 Tests antenna 2 only.

Antenna 3 Tests antenna 3 only.

Antenna 4 Tests antenna 4 only.

Auto Analyzes the reference signal to select the correct antenna.

The antenna you have selected is also the reference antenna for time alignment measurements.

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:DL[:CC<cc>]:MIMO:ASELection on page 207

5.2.4 PDSCH demodulation

Access: "Overview" > "Signal Description" > "PDSCH Settings"

The Physical Layer Shared Channel (PDSCH) carries user data, broadcast system information and paging messages. It is always present in a downlink transmission.

The application allows you to automatically demodulate the PDSCH and detect the subframe configuration of the signal you are testing.

For more information on manual PDSCH configuration, see Chapter 5.2.5, "PDSCH

subframe configuration", on page 76.

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PDSCH Subframe Configuration Detection.................................................................. 75

Auto PDSCH Demodulation..........................................................................................75

Configuration

I/Q Measurements

PDSCH Subframe Configuration Detection

Selects the method of identifying the PDSCH resource allocation.

●

Off Uses the user configuration to demodulate the PDSCH subframe. If the user configuration does not match the frame that was measured, a bad EVM will result.

●

PDCCH protocol Sets the PDSCH configuration according to the data in the protocol of the PDCCH DCIs. When you use this method, the application measures the boosting for each PDCCH it has detected. The result is displayed in the Channel Decoder Results.

●

Physical detection The physical detection is based on power and modulation detection. Physical detection makes measurements on TDD E-TMs without a 20 ms trigger signal possible.

More information.

Remote command:

[SENSe:][LTE:]DL:FORMat:PSCD on page 208

Auto PDSCH Demodulation

Turns automatic demodulation of the PDSCH on and off. When you turn on this feature, the application automatically detects the PDSCH

resource allocation. This is possible by analyzing the protocol information in the PDCCH or by analyzing the physical signal. The application then writes the results into the PDSCH Configuration Table.

You can set the way the application identifies the PDSCH resource allocation with

PDSCH Subframe Configuration Detection.

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When you turn off automatic demodulation of the PDSCH, you have to configure the PDSCH manually. In that case, the application compares the demodulated LTE frame to the customized configuration. If the "PDSCH Subframe Configuration Detection" is not turned off, the application analyzes the frame only if both configurations are the same.

Remote command:

[SENSe:][LTE:]DL:DEMod:AUTO on page 209

5.2.5 PDSCH subframe configuration

Access: "Overview" > "Signal Description" > "PDSCH Settings"

The application allows you to configure individual subframes that are used to carry the information of the PDSCH. The PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel) primarily carries all general user data. It therefore takes up most of the space in a radio frame.

When you turn on "Auto Demodulation", the application automatically determines the subframe configuration for the PDSCH. In the default state, automatic configuration is on (➙ More information).

Configuration

I/Q Measurements

Configuring component carriers

When you are doing measurements on aggregated carriers, you can configure each carrier separately.

When available, each carrier in the dialog boxes is represented by an additional tab labeled "CC<x>", with <x> indicating the number of the component carrier.

Note that the additional tabs are only added to the user interface after you have selected more than "1" component carrier.

Every LTE frame (FDD and TDD) contains 10 subframes. (In TDD systems, some subframes are used by the uplink, however.) Each downlink subframe consists of one or more (resource) allocations. The application shows the contents for each subframe in the configuration table. In the configuration table, each row corresponds to one allocation.

If there are any errors or conflicts between allocations in one or more subframes, the application shows the corrupt subframe in the "Error in Subframes" field, which appears below the table and is highlighted red if an error occurs. In addition, it shows the conflicting rows of the configuration table. It does not show the kind of error.

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Before you start to work on the contents of each subframe, you should define the number of subframes you want to customize with the "Configurable Subframes" parameter. The application supports the configuration of up to 40 subframes.

Then you can select a particular subframe that you want to customize in the "Selected Subframe" field. Enter the number of the subframe (starting with 0). The application updates the contents of the configuration table to the selected subframe.

Remote command:

Number of subframes: CONFigure[:LTE]:DL[:CC<cc>]:CSUBframes on page 209

Number of allocations: CONFigure[:LTE]:DL[:CC<cc>]:SUBFrame<sf>:

ALCount on page 209

Configuration

I/Q Measurements

● PDSCH allocations..................................................................................................77

● Enhanced settings...................................................................................................80

5.2.5.1 PDSCH allocations

In the default state, each subframe contains one allocation. Add allocations with the "Used Allocations" parameter. The application expands the configuration table accordingly with one row representing one allocation. You can define a different number of allocations for each subframe you want to configure and configure up to 110 allocations in every subframe.

The configuration table contains the settings to configure the allocations.

ID/N_RNTI.....................................................................................................................77

Code Word....................................................................................................................78

Modulation.....................................................................................................................78

Enhanced Settings........................................................................................................78

VRB Gap.......................................................................................................................78

Number of RB............................................................................................................... 79

Offset RB.......................................................................................................................79

Power............................................................................................................................79

Conflict.......................................................................................................................... 79

ID/N_RNTI

Selects the allocation's ID. The ID corresponds to the N_RNTI. By default, the application assigns consecutive numbers starting with 0. The ID, or N_RNTI, is the user equipment identifier for the corresponding allocation

and is a number in the range from 0 to 65535. The order of the numbers is irrelevant. You can combine allocations by assigning the same number more than once. Combining allocations assigns those allocations to the same user.

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Allocations with the same N_RNTI have the same modulation scheme and power settings.

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:DL[:CC<cc>]:SUBFrame<sf>:ALLoc<al>:UEID

on page 214

Code Word

Shows the code word of the allocation. The code word is made up out of two numbers. The first number is the number of the

code word in the allocation. The second number is the total number of code words that the allocation contains. Thus, a table entry of "1/2" would mean that the row corresponds to code word 1 out of 2 code words in the allocation.

Usually one allocation corresponds to one code word. In case of measurements on a MIMO system (2 or 4 antennas) in combination with the "Spatial Multiplexing" precoding value, however, you can change the number of layers. Selecting 2 or more layers assigns two code words to the allocation. This results in an expansion of the configuration table. The allocation with the spatial multiplexing then comprises two rows instead of only one. Except for the modulation of the code word, which can be different, the contents of the second code word (row) are the same as the contents of the first code word.

Configuration

I/Q Measurements

Modulation

Selects the modulation scheme for the corresponding allocation. The modulation scheme for the PDSCH is either QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM, 256QAM or

1024QAM. Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:DL[:CC<cc>]:SUBFrame<sf>:ALLoc<al>[:CW<cw>]: MODulation on page 214

Enhanced Settings

Opens a dialog box to configure MIMO functionality. For more information see Chapter 5.2.5.2, "Enhanced settings", on page 80.

VRB Gap

Turns the use of virtual resource blocks (VRB) on and off. The standard defines two types of VRBs. Localized VRBs and distributed VRBs. While

localized VRBs have a direct mapping to the PRBs, distributed VRBs result in a better frequency diversity.

Three values of VRB gap are allowed.

●

0 = Localized VRBs are used.

●

1 = Distributed VRBs are used and the first gap is applied.

●

2 = Distributed VRBs are used and the second gap is applied (for channel bandwidths > 50 resource blocks). The second gap has a smaller size compared to the first gap. If on, the VRB Gap determines the distribution and mapping of the VRB pairs to the physical resource blocks (PRB) pairs.

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The distribution of the VRBs is performed in a way that consecutive VRBs are spread over the frequencies and are not mapped to PRBs whose frequencies are next to each other. Each VRB pair is split into two parts which results in a frequency gap between the two VRB parts. This method corresponds to frequency hopping on a slot basis. The information whether localized or distributed VRBs are applied is carried in the PDCCH. The DCI formats 1A, 1B and 1D provide a special 1-bit flag for this purpose ("Localized / Distributed VRB Assignment"). Another bit in the DCI formats controls whether the first or second bit is applied.

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:DL[:CC<cc>]:SUBFrame<sf>:ALLoc<al>:GAP on page 210

Number of RB

Defines the number of resource blocks the allocation covers. The number of resource blocks defines the size or bandwidth of the allocation.

If you allocate too many resource blocks compared to the bandwidth you have set, the application shows an error message in the "Conflicts" column and the "Error in Subframes" field.

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:DL[:CC<cc>]:SUBFrame<sf>:ALLoc<al>:RBCount

on page 213

Configuration

I/Q Measurements

Offset RB

Sets the resource block at which the allocation begins. A wrong offset for any allocation would lead to an overlap of allocations. In that case,

the application shows an error message. Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:DL[:CC<cc>]:SUBFrame<sf>:ALLoc<al>:RBOFfset

on page 214

Power

Sets the boosting of the allocation. Boosting is the allocation's power relative to the reference signal power. Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:DL[:CC<cc>]:SUBFrame<sf>:ALLoc<al>:POWer

on page 210

Conflict

In case of a conflict, the application shows the type of conflict and the ID of the allocations that are affected. Possible conflicts are:

●

bandwidth error (">BW") A bandwidth error occurs when the number of resource blocks in the subframe exceeds the bandwidth you have set.

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Configuration

I/Q Measurements

Number of

Allocations = 6

ID 2

Subframe Bandwidth = 3 MHz or 15 Resource Blocks

●

RB overlap errors An RB overlap error occurs if one or more allocations overlap. In that case, check if the length and offset values of the allocations are correct.

Number of

Allocations = 6

Subframe Bandwidth = 3 MHz or 15 Resource Blocks

5.2.5.2 Enhanced settings

ID=5

ID 4

ID 3

ID 1

ID 0

ID 4

ID 3

ID 2

ID 1

ID 0

The "Enhanced Settings" contain mostly functionality to configure the precoding scheme of a physical channel. The application supports several precoding schemes that you can select from a dropdown menu.

In addition, you can configure PDSCH allocations that use carrier aggregation.

None..............................................................................................................................80

Transmit Diversity..........................................................................................................81

Spatial Multiplexing....................................................................................................... 81

Beamforming (UE Spec RS)......................................................................................... 81

Carrier Aggregation.......................................................................................................82

None

Turns off precoding.

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Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:DL[:CC<cc>]:SUBFrame<sf>:ALLoc<al>:PRECoding[: SCHeme] on page 212

Transmit Diversity

Turns on precoding for transmit diversity according to 3GPP TS 36.211. Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:DL[:CC<cc>]:SUBFrame<sf>:ALLoc<al>:PRECoding[: SCHeme] on page 212

Spatial Multiplexing

Turns on precoding for spatial multiplexing according to 3GPP TS 36.211. If you are using spatial multiplexing, you can also define the number of layers for any

allocation and the codebook index. The number of layers of an allocation in combination with the number of code words

determines the layer mapping. The available number of layers depends on the number of transmission antennas. Thus, the maximum number of layers you can select is eight.

The codebook index determines the precoding matrix. The available number of indices depends on the number of transmission antennas in use. The range is from 0 to 15. The application automatically selects the codebook index if you turn on the "Cyclic Delay Diversity" (CDD).

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:DL[:CC<cc>]:SUBFrame<sf>:ALLoc<al>:PRECoding[: SCHeme] on page 212 CONFigure[:LTE]:DL[:CC<cc>]:SUBFrame<sf>:ALLoc<al>:PRECoding: CLMapping on page 212 CONFigure[:LTE]:DL[:CC<cc>]:SUBFrame<sf>:ALLoc<al>:PRECoding: CBINdex on page 211 CONFigure[:LTE]:DL[:CC<cc>]:SUBFrame<sf>:ALLoc<al>:PRECoding:CDD

on page 211

Configuration

I/Q Measurements

Beamforming (UE Spec RS)

Turns on the precoding for beamforming. If you are using beamforming, you can also define the number of layers and code-

words (see Spatial Multiplexing), the scrambling identity and the single layer antenna port.

The mapping of antenna port to the physical antenna is fixed:

●

Port 5 and 7: Antenna 1

●

Port 8: Antenna 2

●

Port 9: Antenna 3

●

Port 10: Antenna 4

The scrambling identity (n

) is available for antenna ports 7 and 8. It is used to initi-

SCID

alize the sequence that generates UE specific reference signals according to 36.211 (section 6.10.3.1).

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The single layer antenna port selects the preconfigured antenna port in single layer beamforming scenarios. Available if the codeword to layer mapping is "1/1".

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:DL[:CC<cc>]:SUBFrame<sf>:ALLoc<al>:PRECoding[: SCHeme] on page 212 CONFigure[:LTE]:DL[:CC<cc>]:SUBFrame<sf>:ALLoc<al>:PRECoding: CLMapping on page 212 CONFigure[:LTE]:DL[:CC<cc>]:SUBFrame<sf>:ALLoc<al>:PRECoding: SCID on page 212 CONFigure[:LTE]:DL[:CC<cc>]:SUBFrame<sf>:ALLoc<al>:PRECoding:AP

on page 210

Carrier Aggregation

Defines the PDSCH start offset for the selected PDSCH allocation in a system that uses carrier aggregation.

For cross-scheduled UEs, the PDSCH start offset for the secondary carrier is usually not defined for each subframe individually but is constant over several subframes. In case the control channel region of the secondary component carrier is longer than the PDSCH start offset you have defined for the primary carrier, PDSCH resource elements might be overwritten by the resource elements of the control channel. Note that the bit stream result displays labels these resource elements with a "#" sign.

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:DL[:CC<cc>]:SUBFrame<sf>:ALLoc<al>:PSOFfset

on page 213

Configuration

I/Q Measurements

5.2.6 Synchronization signal configuration

Access: "Overview" > "Signal Description" > "Advanced Settings" > "Synchronization

Signal"

The synchronization signal settings contain settings to describe the physical attributes and structure of the synchronization signal.

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Configuring component carriers

When you are doing measurements on aggregated carriers, you can configure each carrier separately.

When available, each carrier in the dialog boxes is represented by an additional tab labeled "CC<x>", with <x> indicating the number of the component carrier.

Note that the additional tabs are only added to the user interface after you have selected more than "1" component carrier.

P-/S-SYNC Tx Antenna.................................................................................................83

P-Sync Relative Power................................................................................................. 83

S-Sync Relative Power................................................................................................. 83

Custom Sync Weight.....................................................................................................83

P-/S-SYNC Tx Antenna

Selects the antenna that transmits the synchronization signal (P-SYNC or S-SYNC). When selecting the antenna, you implicitly select the synchronization method. If the

selected antenna transmits no synchronization signal, the application uses the reference signal to synchronize. Note that automatic cell ID detection is not available if synchronization is based on the reference signal.

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:DL[:CC<cc>]:SYNC:ANTenna on page 215

Configuration

I/Q Measurements

P-Sync Relative Power

Defines the power of the primary synchronization signal (P-Sync) relative to the reference signal.

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:DL[:CC<cc>]:SYNC:PPOWer on page 218

S-Sync Relative Power

Defines the power of the secondary synchronization signal (S-Sync) relative to the reference signal.

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:DL[:CC<cc>]:SYNC:SPOWer on page 218

Custom Sync Weight

Turns custom weighting of the (primary and secondary) synchronization signals on and off (for example for beamforming scenarios).

If you turn on custom weights, you can define the weights applied to the first and second half frames. The signal weights are a complex number and are therefore defined by the real and imaginary parts of the signal.

Remote command: State: CONFigure[:LTE]:DL[:CC<cc>]:SYNC:CSWeight[:STATe] on page 217 1st 1/2 frame real: CONFigure[:LTE]:DL[:CC<cc>]:SYNC:CSWeight:FHFRame:

REAL on page 216

1st 1/2 frame imaginary: CONFigure[:LTE]:DL[:CC<cc>]:SYNC:CSWeight:

FHFRame:IMAGinary on page 216

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2nd 1/2 frame real: CONFigure[:LTE]:DL[:CC<cc>]:SYNC:CSWeight:

SHFRame:REAL on page 217

2nd 1/2 frame imaginary: CONFigure[:LTE]:DL[:CC<cc>]:SYNC:CSWeight:

SHFRame:IMAGinary on page 216

5.2.7 Reference signal configuration

Access: "Overview" > "Signal Description" > "Advanced Settings" > "Reference Sig-

nal"

The reference signal settings contain settings to describe the physical attributes and structure of the reference signal.

Configuration

I/Q Measurements

Configuring component carriers

When you are doing measurements on aggregated carriers, you can configure each carrier separately.

When available, each carrier in the dialog boxes is represented by an additional tab labeled "CC<x>", with <x> indicating the number of the component carrier.

Note that the additional tabs are only added to the user interface after you have selected more than "1" component carrier.

Rel Power (Reference Signal).......................................................................................84

Rel Power (Reference Signal)

Defines the relative power of the reference signal compared to all the other physical signals and physical channels.

Note that this setting gives you an offset to all other relative power settings. Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:DL[:CC<cc>]:REFSig:POWer on page 218

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5.2.8 Positioning reference signal configuration

Access: "Overview" > "Signal Description" > "Advanced Settings" > "Reference Sig-

nal"

The positioning reference signal settings contain settings to describe the physical attributes and structure of the positioning reference signal.

Configuration

I/Q Measurements

Configuring component carriers

When you are doing measurements on aggregated carriers, you can configure each carrier separately.

When available, each carrier in the dialog boxes is represented by an additional tab labeled "CC<x>", with <x> indicating the number of the component carrier.

Note that the additional tabs are only added to the user interface after you have selected more than "1" component carrier.

Present..........................................................................................................................85

Bandwidth..................................................................................................................... 85

Configuration Index.......................................................................................................86

Num. Subframes (N_PRS)............................................................................................86

Relative Power (Positioning Reference Signal)............................................................ 86

Frame Number Offset....................................................................................................86

Present

Turns the positioning reference signal on and off. Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:DL[:CC<cc>]:PRSS:STATe on page 220

Bandwidth

Defines the bandwidth and thus the number of resource blocks the positioning reference signal occupies.

Note that the PRS bandwidth has to be smaller than the channel bandwidth.

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Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:DL[:CC<cc>]:PRSS:BW on page 219

Configuration Index

Defines the PRS Configuration Index I

6.10.4.3-1. Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:DL[:CC<cc>]:PRSS:CI on page 219

Num. Subframes (N_PRS)

Defines the number of consecutive DL subframes in that PRS are transmitted. Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:DL[:CC<cc>]:PRSS:NPRS on page 219

Relative Power (Positioning Reference Signal)

Defines the power of a PRS resource element in relation to the power of a common reference signal resource element.

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:DL[:CC<cc>]:PRSS:POWer on page 220

I/Q Measurements

as defined in 3GPP TS 36.211, table

PRS

Configuration

Frame Number Offset

Defines the system frame number of the current frame that you want to analyze. Because the positioning reference signal and the CSI reference signal usually have a

periodicity of several frames, for some reference signal configurations it is necessary to change the expected system frame number of the frame to be analyzed.

Note that if you define the frame number offset for either reference signal, it is automatically defined for both reference signals.

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:DL[:CC<cc>]:SFNO on page 220

5.2.9 Channel state information reference signal configuration

Access: "Overview" > "Signal Description" > "Advanced Settings" > "Reference Sig-

nal"

The channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) settings contain settings to describe the physical attributes and structure of the Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS).

CSI-RS are used to estimate the channel properties of the signal propagation channel from the base station to the user equipment. This information is quantized and fed back to the base station. The base station makes use of this information for example to adjust the beamforming parameters.

The mapping of up to four antenna ports to the physical antenna is as follows:

●

Port 15: antenna 1

●

Port 16: antenna 2

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●

Port 17: antenna 3

●

Port 18: antenna 4

Resource elements used by CSI-RS are shown in yellow color in the Allocation ID versus Symbol X Carrier measurement.

Configuration

I/Q Measurements

Configuring component carriers

When you are doing measurements on aggregated carriers, you can configure each carrier separately.

When available, each carrier in the dialog boxes is represented by an additional tab labeled "CC<x>", with <x> indicating the number of the component carrier.

Note that the additional tabs are only added to the user interface after you have selected more than "1" component carrier.

Present..........................................................................................................................87

Antenna Ports............................................................................................................... 87

Configuration Index.......................................................................................................88

Overwrite PDSCH......................................................................................................... 88

Relative Power (CSI Reference Signal)........................................................................88

Subframe Configuration................................................................................................ 88

Frame Number Offset....................................................................................................88

Present

Turns the CSI reference signal on and off. Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:DL[:CC<cc>]:CSIRs:STATe on page 222

Antenna Ports

Defines the number of antenna ports that transmit the CSI reference signal. The CSI reference signals are transmitted on one, two, four or eight antenna ports

using

●

p = 15

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●

p = 15 to 16

●

p = 15 to 18

●

p = 15 to 22

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:DL[:CC<cc>]:CSIRs:NAP on page 221

Configuration Index

Defines the CSI reference signal configuration as defined in 3GPP TS 36.211, table

6.10.5.2-1/2 Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:DL[:CC<cc>]:CSIRs:CI on page 221

Overwrite PDSCH

Turns overwriting of PDSCH resource elements for UEs that do not consider the CSI reference signal on and off.

If on, the application assumes that the UE is not configured to consider CSI reference signals. Thus, resource elements of the CSI reference signal overwrite the PDSCH resource elements. Note that the bit stream result displays labels these resource elements with a "#" sign.

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:DL[:CC<cc>]:CSIRs:OPDSch on page 221

Configuration

I/Q Measurements

Relative Power (CSI Reference Signal)

Defines the power of a CSI reference signal resource element in relation to the power of a common reference signal resource element.

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:DL[:CC<cc>]:CSIRs:POWer on page 222

Subframe Configuration

Defines the CSI reference signal subframe configuration index (I_CSI-RS) as defined in 3GPP TS 36.211, table 6.10.5.3-1.

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:DL[:CC<cc>]:CSIRs:SCI on page 222

Frame Number Offset

Defines the system frame number of the current frame that you want to analyze. Because the positioning reference signal and the CSI reference signal usually have a

periodicity of several frames, for some reference signal configurations it is necessary to change the expected system frame number of the frame to be analyzed.

Note that if you define the frame number offset for either reference signal, it is automatically defined for both reference signals.

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:DL[:CC<cc>]:SFNO on page 220

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5.2.10 PDSCH resource block symbol offset

Access: "Overview" > "Signal Description" > "Advanced Settings" > "Control Channel"

Configuration

I/Q Measurements

Configuring component carriers

When you are doing measurements on aggregated carriers, you can configure each carrier separately.

When available, each carrier in the dialog boxes is represented by an additional tab labeled "CC<x>", with <x> indicating the number of the component carrier.

Note that the additional tabs are only added to the user interface after you have selected more than "1" component carrier.

PRB Symbol Offset....................................................................................................... 89

PRB Symbol Offset

PRB Symbol Offset specifies the symbol offset of the PDSCH allocations relative to the subframe start. This setting applies to all subframes in a frame.

With this setting, the number of OFDM symbols used for control channels is defined, too. For example, if this parameter is set to "2" and the PDCCH is enabled, the number of OFDM symbols actually used by the PDCCH is "2".

Special control channels like the PCFICH or PHICH require a minimum number of control channel OFDM symbols at the beginning of each subframe. If PRB Symbol Offset is lower than the required value, the control channel data overwrites some resource elements of the PDSCH.

If Auto is selected, the Control Region for PDCCH (PRB Symbol Offset) value is detected from the PCFICH. For correct demodulation of a PCFICH signal conforming to 3GPP, the Scrambling of Coded Bits has to be enabled.

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:DL[:CC<cc>]:PSOFfset on page 229

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5.2.11 PBCH configuration

Access: "Overview" > "Signal Description" > "Advanced Settings" > "Control Channel"

The physical broadcast channel (PBCH) carries system information for the user equipment. You can include or exclude the PBCH in the test setup and define the relative power of this channel.

Configuration

I/Q Measurements

Configuring component carriers

When you are doing measurements on aggregated carriers, you can configure each carrier separately.

When available, each carrier in the dialog boxes is represented by an additional tab labeled "CC<x>", with <x> indicating the number of the component carrier.

Note that the additional tabs are only added to the user interface after you have selected more than "1" component carrier.

PBCH Present...............................................................................................................90

PBCH Relative Power...................................................................................................90

PBCH Present

Includes or excludes the PBCH from the test setup. Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:DL[:CC<cc>]:PBCH:STAT on page 225

PBCH Relative Power

Defines the power of the PBCH relative to the reference signal. Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:DL[:CC<cc>]:PBCH:POWer on page 225

5.2.12 PCFICH configuration

Access: "Overview" > "Signal Description" > "Advanced Settings" > "Control Channel"

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The physical control format indicator channel (PCFICH) carries information about the format of the PDCCH. You can include or exclude the PCFICH in the test setup and define the relative power of this channel.

Configuration

I/Q Measurements

Configuring component carriers

When you are doing measurements on aggregated carriers, you can configure each carrier separately.

When available, each carrier in the dialog boxes is represented by an additional tab labeled "CC<x>", with <x> indicating the number of the component carrier.

Note that the additional tabs are only added to the user interface after you have selected more than "1" component carrier.

PCFICH Present........................................................................................................... 91

PCFICH Relative Power................................................................................................91

PCFICH Present

Includes or excludes the PCFICH from the test setup. Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:DL[:CC<cc>]:PCFich:STAT on page 226

PCFICH Relative Power

Defines the power of the PCFICH relative to the reference signal. Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:DL[:CC<cc>]:PCFich:POWer on page 225

5.2.13 PHICH configuration

Access: "Overview" > "Signal Description" > "Advanced Settings" > "Control Channel"

The physical hybrid ARQ indicator channel (PHICH) contains the hybrid ARQ indicator. The hybrid ARQ indicator contains the acknowledgement / negative acknowledgments for uplink blocks.

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You can set several specific parameters for the PHICH.

Turning off the PHICH

If you set the value of the PHICH Ng to "Custom" and at the same time define "0"

PHICH groups, the PHICH is excluded from the signal.

Configuration

I/Q Measurements

Configuring component carriers

When you are doing measurements on aggregated carriers, you can configure each carrier separately.

When available, each carrier in the dialog boxes is represented by an additional tab labeled "CC<x>", with <x> indicating the number of the component carrier.

Note that the additional tabs are only added to the user interface after you have selected more than "1" component carrier.

PHICH Duration............................................................................................................ 92

PHICH TDD m_i=1 (E-TM)............................................................................................93

PHICH N_g................................................................................................................... 93

PHICH Number of Groups............................................................................................ 93

PHICH Rel Power......................................................................................................... 93

PHICH Duration

Selects the duration of the PHICH. Normal and extended durations are supported. With a normal duration, all resource element groups of the PHICH are allocated on the

first OFDM symbol. With an extended duration, the resource element groups of the PHICH are distributed

over three OFDM symbols for a normal subframe or over two symbols within a special subframe.

If you select Auto, the duration of PHICH is automatically determined and based on the PBCH decoding results.

Note that you have to turn on the PBCH for an automatic determination of the PHICH duration.

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Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:DL[:CC<cc>]:PHICh:DURation on page 227

PHICH TDD m_i=1 (E-TM)

Turns the special setting of the PHICH for the enhanced test models on and off. The special setting is defined in 36.141 V9.0.0, 6.1.2.6: "For frame structure type 2 the

factor m_i shall not be set as per TS36.211, Table 6.9-1, but instead shall be set to m_i=1 for all transmitted subframes".

The parameter is available if you have selected TDD. Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:DL[:CC<cc>]:PHICh:MITM on page 227

PHICH N_g

Defines the variable Ng. Ng in combination with the number of resource blocks defines the number of PHICH

groups in a downlink subframe. The standard specifies several values for Ng that you can select from the dropdown menu.

If you need a customized configuration, you can set the number of PHICH groups in a subframe by selecting the "Custom" menu item and define the number of PHICH groups directly with PHICH Number of Groups.

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:DL[:CC<cc>]:PHICh:NGParameter on page 227

Configuration

I/Q Measurements

PHICH Number of Groups

Defines the number of PHICH groups in a subframe. To select the number of groups, you have to set the PHICH N_g to "Custom". Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:DL[:CC<cc>]:PHICh:NOGRoups on page 228

PHICH Rel Power

Defines the power of all PHICHs in a PHICH group relative to the reference signal. The application measures a separate relative power for each PHICH if Boosting Esti-

mation is on. In that case, the "Rel. Power / dB" result in the Allocation Summary stays

empty, because it refers to the common relative power for all PHICHs. The relative powers for each PHICH in the group are displayed in the Channel Decoder Results.

Note that the PHICH power results are quantized to 1 dB steps based on the PHICH relative power, because only a few PHICH symbols are available for boosting estimation.

Example:

The "PHICH Rel Power" is -3.01 dB. In that case, possible PHICH boostings are -4.01 dB, -3.01 dB, -2.01 dB, etc.

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:DL[:CC<cc>]:PHICh:POWer on page 228

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5.2.14 PDCCH configuration

Access: "Overview" > "Signal Description" > "Advanced Settings" > "Control Channel"

The physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) carries the downlink control information (for example the information about the PDSCH resource allocation).

You can define several specific parameters for the PDCCH.

Configuration

I/Q Measurements

Configuring component carriers

When you are doing measurements on aggregated carriers, you can configure each carrier separately.

When available, each carrier in the dialog boxes is represented by an additional tab labeled "CC<x>", with <x> indicating the number of the component carrier.

Note that the additional tabs are only added to the user interface after you have selected more than "1" component carrier.

PDCCH Format.............................................................................................................94

Number of PDCCHs......................................................................................................94

PDCCH Rel Power........................................................................................................95

PDCCH Format

Defines the format of the PDCCH (physical downlink control channel). Note that PDCCH format "-1" is not defined in the standard. This format corresponds to

the transmission of one PDCCH on all available resource element groups. As a special case for this PDCCH format, the center of the constellation diagram is treated as a valid constellation point.

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:DL[:CC<cc>]:PDCCh:FORMat on page 226

Number of PDCCHs

Sets the number of physical downlink control channels. This parameter is available if the PDCCH format is -1.

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Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:DL[:CC<cc>]:PDCCh:NOPD on page 226

PDCCH Rel Power

Defines the power of the PDCCH relative to the reference signal. Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:DL[:CC<cc>]:PDCCh:POWer on page 226

5.2.15 EPDCCH configuration

Access: "Overview" > "Signal Description" > "Advanced Settings" > "Enhanced Control

Channel"

The enhanced physical downlink control channel (EPDCCH) carries the downlink control information. Compared to the PDCCH, the EPDCCH uses resource blocks normally reserved for the PDSCH.

Shared resource blocks of PDSCH and EPDCCH

PDSCH allocations overwrite the EPDCCH if they occupy the same resource blocks.

Configuration

I/Q Measurements

The EPDCCH is always transmitted in an EPDCCH-PRB set. For each cell and user, you can define one or two EPDCCH-PRB sets. An EPDCCH-PRB set is made up out of two or more resource blocks that are combined logically.

Note that you have to measure one EPDCCH-PRB set at a time. If you have to measure a signal with more than one EPDCCH-PRB set, you have to configure each set separately and refresh the I/Q data for each set.

You can define several parameters for the EPDCCH.

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Configuring component carriers

When you are doing measurements on aggregated carriers, you can configure each carrier separately.

When available, each carrier in the dialog boxes is represented by an additional tab labeled "CC<x>", with <x> indicating the number of the component carrier.

Note that the additional tabs are only added to the user interface after you have selected more than "1" component carrier.

EPDCCH PRB Pairs..................................................................................................... 96

EPDCCH Set ID............................................................................................................96

EPDCCH Rel Power..................................................................................................... 96

EPDCCH RB Assignment............................................................................................. 96

EPDCCH Localized.......................................................................................................96

EPDCCH PRB Pairs

Selects the number of resource blocks used in an EPDCCH-PRB set. If you select the "Disabled" item, the EPDCCH is turned off. For more information, see 3GPP TS 36.213 (numberPRBPairs-r11).

Configuration

I/Q Measurements

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:DL[:CC<cc>]:EPDCch:NPRB on page 223

EPDCCH Set ID

Defines the EPDCCH set ID. The set ID controls the generation of reference symbols for the EPDCCH. For more

information see TS36.211, 6.10.3A.1. Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:DL[:CC<cc>]:EPDCch:SID on page 224

EPDCCH Rel Power

Defines the power of the EPDCCH relative to the reference signal. Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:DL[:CC<cc>]:EPDCch:POWer on page 224

EPDCCH RB Assignment

Defines the location of the resource blocks that the EPDCCH is transmitted in. For more information, see 3GPP TS 36.213 (resourceBlockAssignment-r11). Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:DL[:CC<cc>]:EPDCch:RBASsign on page 224

EPDCCH Localized

Turns localized transmission of the EPDCCH on and off. Localized transmission is useful for known channel conditions. In that case, the sched-

uling and MIMO precoding can be optimized.

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If the channel conditions are unknown, distributed transmission is used. Distributed transmission utilizes the frequency diversity in that the information is distributed over the selected frequency range.

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:DL[:CC<cc>]:EPDCch:LOCalized on page 223

5.2.16 Shared channel configuration

Access: "Overview" > "Signal Description" > "Advanced Settings" > "Shared Channel"

PDSCH Power Ratio.....................................................................................................97

PDSCH Power Ratio

Selects the PDSCH P_B parameter that defines the cell-specific ratio of rho_B to rho_A according to 3GPP TS 36.213, table 5.2-1.

The table below shows the resulting values as a function of the number of antennas.

Configuration

I/Q Measurements

PDSCH P_B

0 0.000 dB 0.969 dB 1 -0.969 dB 0.000 dB 2 -2.218 dB -1.249 dB 3 -3.979 dB -3.010 dB

1 Tx antenna

If you select "p_B/p_A=1", the ratio is always 1, regardless of the number of antennas. Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:DL[:CC<cc>]:PDSCh:PB on page 229

5.2.17 MBSFN characteristics

Access: "Overview" > "Signal Description" > "MBSFN Settings"

The MBSFN settings contain settings to configure Multimedia Broadcast Single Frequency Networks (MBSFNs).

● MBSFN configuration..............................................................................................97

● MBSFN subframes..................................................................................................99

5.2.17.1 MBSFN configuration

2 and 4 Tx

antennas

The general MBSFN settings contain settings that apply to all subframes that contain MBSFN information.

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Configuring component carriers

When you are doing measurements on aggregated carriers, you can configure each carrier separately.

When available, each carrier in the dialog boxes is represented by an additional tab labeled "CC<x>", with <x> indicating the number of the component carrier.

Note that the additional tabs are only added to the user interface after you have selected more than "1" component carrier.

Present..........................................................................................................................98

MBSFN Relative Power................................................................................................ 98

Area ID..........................................................................................................................98

Non-MBSFN Region Length......................................................................................... 98

Configuration

I/Q Measurements

Present

Includes or excludes an MBSFN from the test setup. Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:DL[:CC<cc>]:MBSFn:STATe on page 231

MBSFN Relative Power

Defines the power of the MBSFN transmission relative to the reference signal. Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:DL[:CC<cc>]:MBSFn:POWer on page 230

Area ID

Defines the ID for an MBFSN area. Radio cells that transmit the same content to multiple users will form a so called

MBSFN area. Multiple cells can belong to such an area, and every cell can be part of up to eight MBSFN areas. There could be up to 256 different MBSFN areas defined, each one with an own identity.

The area ID (N

MBFSN

) is defined in 3GPP 36.211.

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:DL[:CC<cc>]:MBSFn:AI:ID on page 230

Non-MBSFN Region Length

Selects the length of the MBSFN control data region at the start of the MBSFN subframe.

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If you select a region length of '1', the first symbol in an MBFSN subframe carries data of the control channel. All other symbols of an MBSFN region may be used by the PMCH.

If you select a region length of '2', the first two symbols in an MBFSN subframe carry data of the control channel.

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:DL[:CC<cc>]:MBSFn:AI:NMRL on page 230

5.2.17.2 MBSFN subframes

If you are testing systems that support MBSFN, 3GPP allows you to reserve one or more subframes for multimedia broadcasting.

Configuration

I/Q Measurements

MBSFN Subframe.........................................................................................................99

Active............................................................................................................................ 99

PMCH Present.............................................................................................................. 99

Modulation...................................................................................................................100

MBSFN Subframe

Shows the subframe number that may contain MBSFN data. Note that 3GPP only allows to turn selected subframes into MBSFN subframes.

Depending on the configuration (for example the TDD configuration), different subframe numbers are available for MBSFN transmissions.

Active

Turns a subframe into an MBSFN subframe. If active, the corresponding subframe contains MBSFN data. Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:DL[:CC<cc>]:MBSFn:SUBFrame<sf>:STATe on page 232

PMCH Present

Turns the Physical Multicast Channel (PMCH) on and off. If you turn on the PMCH, the resource elements of the MBSFN subframe are used by

the PMCH. If you turn off the PMCH, the resource elements of the MBSFN subframe may be used

by the PDSCH. Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:DL[:CC<cc>]:MBSFn:SUBFrame<sf>:PMCH:STATe

on page 231

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Modulation

Selects the modulation scheme for the MBSFN subframe. Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:DL[:CC<cc>]:MBSFn:SUBFrame<sf>:PMCH:MODulation

on page 231

5.2.18 Input source configuration

The R&S FSV/A supports several input sources and outputs.

For a comprehensive description of the supported inputs and outputs, refer to the R&S FSV/A user manual.

● RF input.................................................................................................................100

● External frontends.................................................................................................100

● I/Q file....................................................................................................................101

5.2.18.1 RF input

Configuration

I/Q Measurements

Access: "Overview" > "Input / Frontend" > "Input Source" > "Radio Frequency"

Functions to configure the RF input described elsewhere:

●

"Input Coupling" on page 106

●

"Impedance" on page 106

YIG-Preselector...........................................................................................................100

YIG-Preselector

Enables or disables the YIG-preselector. This setting requires an additional option on the R&S FSV/A. An internal YIG-preselector at the input of the R&S FSV/A ensures that image frequen-

cies are rejected. However, image rejection is only possible for a restricted bandwidth. To use the maximum bandwidth for signal analysis you can disable the YIG-preselector at the input of the R&S FSV/A, which can lead to image-frequency display.

Note: Note that the YIG-preselector is active only on frequencies greater than

7.5 GHz. Therefore, switching the YIG-preselector on or off has no effect if the frequency is below that value.

To use the optional 54 GHz frequency extension (R&S FSV3-B54G), the YIG-preselector must be disabled.

Remote command:

INPut<ip>:FILTer:YIG[:STATe] on page 233

5.2.18.2 External frontends

Access: "Overview" > "Input / Frontend" > "Input Source" > "Ext. Frontend"

Controlling external frontends is available with the optional external generator control. The functionality is the same as in the I/Q analyzer application.

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Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Contents

1 Documentation overview

1.1 Getting started manual

1.2 User manuals and help

1.3 Service manual

1.4 Instrument security procedures

1.5 Printed safety instructions

1.6 Data sheets and brochures

1.7 Release notes and open-source acknowledgment (OSA)

1.8 Application notes, application cards, white papers, etc.

Welcome to the LTE measurement application

2.1 Overview of the LTE applications

2.2 Installation

2.3 Starting the LTE measurement application

2.4 Understanding the display information

3 Measurements and result displays

3.1 Selecting measurements

3.2 Selecting result displays

3.3 Performing measurements

3.4 I/Q measurements

3.5 Time alignment error measurements

3.6 Transmit on / off power measurement

3.7 Frequency sweep measurements

3.8 3GPP test scenarios

4 Measurement Basics

4.1 Symbols and variables

4.2 Overview

4.3 The LTE downlink analysis measurement application

4.3.1 Synchronization

4.3.2 Channel estimation and equalization

4.3.3 Analysis

4.4 Performing time alignment measurements

4.5 Performing transmit on/off power measurements

5 Configuration

5.1 Configuration overview

5.2 I/Q Measurements

5.2.1 Signal characteristics

5.2.2 Test scenarios

5.2.3 Configuring MIMO setups

5.2.4 PDSCH demodulation

5.2.5 PDSCH subframe configuration

5.2.5.1 PDSCH allocations

5.2.5.2 Enhanced settings

5.2.6 Synchronization signal configuration

5.2.7 Reference signal configuration

5.2.8 Positioning reference signal configuration

5.2.9 Channel state information reference signal configuration

5.2.10 PDSCH resource block symbol offset

5.2.11 PBCH configuration

5.2.12 PCFICH configuration

5.2.13 PHICH configuration

5.2.14 PDCCH configuration

5.2.15 EPDCCH configuration

5.2.16 Shared channel configuration

5.2.17 MBSFN characteristics

5.2.17.1 MBSFN configuration

5.2.17.2 MBSFN subframes

5.2.18 Input source configuration

5.2.18.1 RF input

5.2.18.2 External frontends