Rohde&Schwarz FSV3-K10x User Manual

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R&S®FSV3-K10x (LTE Uplink) LTE Uplink Measurement Application User Manual

(;ÜêJ2)

1178922602 Version 06

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This manual applies to the following R&S®FSV3000 and R&S®FSVA3000 models with firmware version

1.90 and higher:

●

R&S®FSV3004 (1330.5000K04) / R&S®FSVA3004 (1330.5000K05)

●

R&S®FSV3007 (1330.5000K07) / R&S®FSVA3007 (1330.5000K08)

●

R&S®FSV3013 (1330.5000K13) / R&S®FSVA3013 (1330.5000K14)

●

R&S®FSV3030 (1330.5000K30) / R&S®FSVA3030 (1330.5000K31)

●

R&S®FSV3044 (1330.5000K43) / R&S®FSVA3044 (1330.5000K44)

●

R&S®FSV3050 (1330.5000K50) / R&S®FSVA3050 (1330.5000K51)

The following firmware options are described:

●

R&S®FSV3-K101 (EUTRA/LTE FDD uplink measurement application) (order no. 1330.5151.02)

●

R&S®FSV3-K103 (EUTRA/LTE advanced UL measurements) (order no. 1330.7231.02)

●

R&S®FSV3-K105 (EUTRA/LTE TDD uplink measurement application) (order no. 1330.5180.02)

© 2022 Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG Muehldorfstr. 15, 81671 Muenchen, Germany Phone: +49 89 41 29 - 0 Email: info@rohde-schwarz.com Internet: www.rohde-schwarz.com Subject to change – data without tolerance limits is not binding. R&S® is a registered trademark of Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG. Trade names are trademarks of the owners.

1178.9226.02 | Version 06 | R&S®FSV3-K10x (LTE Uplink)

Throughout this manual, products from Rohde & Schwarz are indicated without the ® symbol , e.g. R&S®FSW is indicated as R&S FSW.

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1 Documentation overview.......................................................................5

1.1 Getting started manual................................................................................................. 5

1.2 User manuals and help.................................................................................................5

1.3 Service manual..............................................................................................................6

1.4 Instrument security procedures.................................................................................. 6

1.5 Printed safety instructions...........................................................................................6

1.6 Data sheets and brochures.......................................................................................... 6

1.7 Release notes and open-source acknowledgment (OSA).........................................6

1.8 Application notes, application cards, white papers, etc........................................... 7

2 Welcome to the LTE measurement application...................................8

Contents

2.1 Overview of the LTE applications................................................................................8

2.2 Installation................................................................................................................... 10

2.3 Starting the LTE measurement application.............................................................. 10

2.4 Understanding the display information.................................................................... 10

3 Measurements and result displays.................................................... 13

3.1 Selecting measurements............................................................................................13

3.2 Selecting result displays............................................................................................ 14

3.3 Performing measurements.........................................................................................15

3.4 I/Q measurements....................................................................................................... 15

3.5 Time alignment error measurements........................................................................ 29

3.6 Frequency sweep measurements..............................................................................31

3.7 3GPP test scenarios................................................................................................... 37

4 Measurement basics............................................................................39

4.1 Symbols and variables............................................................................................... 39

4.2 Overview...................................................................................................................... 40

4.3 The LTE uplink analysis measurement application................................................. 40

4.4 Performing time alignment measurements.............................................................. 44

4.5 SRS EVM calculation.................................................................................................. 45

5 Configuration........................................................................................47

5.1 Configuration overview.............................................................................................. 47

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5.2 I/Q measurements....................................................................................................... 49

5.3 Time alignment error measurements........................................................................ 92

5.4 Frequency sweep measurements..............................................................................92

6 Analysis................................................................................................ 95

6.1 General analysis tools................................................................................................ 95

6.2 Analysis tools for I/Q measurements........................................................................98

6.3 Analysis tools for frequency sweep measurements............................................. 104

7 Remote control...................................................................................105

7.1 Common suffixes...................................................................................................... 105

7.2 Introduction............................................................................................................... 106

7.3 LTE application selection..........................................................................................111

7.4 Screen layout.............................................................................................................114

Contents

7.5 Measurement control................................................................................................124

7.6 Trace data readout.................................................................................................... 128

7.7 Numeric result readout.............................................................................................141

7.8 Limit check result readout....................................................................................... 156

7.9 Configuration.............................................................................................................168

7.10 Analysis..................................................................................................................... 223

List of remote commands (LTE uplink)............................................232

Index....................................................................................................238

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1 Documentation overview

This section provides an overview of the R&S FSV/A user documentation. Unless specified otherwise, you find the documents at:

www.rohde-schwarz.com/manual/FSVA3000

www.rohde-schwarz.com/manual/FSV3000

Further documents are available at:

www.rohde-schwarz.com/product/FSVA3000

www.rohde-schwarz.com/product/FSV3000

1.1 Getting started manual

Introduces the R&S FSV/A and describes how to set up and start working with the product. Includes basic operations, typical measurement examples, and general information, e.g. safety instructions, etc.

Documentation overview

User manuals and help

A printed version is delivered with the instrument. A PDF version is available for download on the Internet.

1.2 User manuals and help

Separate user manuals are provided for the base unit and the firmware applications:

●

Base unit manual Contains the description of all instrument modes and functions. It also provides an introduction to remote control, a complete description of the remote control commands with programming examples, and information on maintenance, instrument interfaces and error messages. Includes the contents of the getting started manual.

●

Firmware application manual Contains the description of the specific functions of a firmware application, including remote control commands. Basic information on operating the R&S FSV/A is not included.

The contents of the user manuals are available as help in the R&S FSV/A. The help offers quick, context-sensitive access to the complete information for the base unit and the firmware applications.

All user manuals are also available for download or for immediate display on the Internet.

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1.3 Service manual

Describes the performance test for checking the rated specifications, module replacement and repair, firmware update, troubleshooting and fault elimination, and contains mechanical drawings and spare part lists.

The service manual is available for registered users on the global Rohde & Schwarz information system (GLORIS):

R&S®FSVA3000/FSV3000 Service manual

1.4 Instrument security procedures

Deals with security issues when working with the R&S FSV/A in secure areas. It is available for download on the Internet.

Documentation overview

Release notes and open-source acknowledgment (OSA)

1.5 Printed safety instructions

Provides safety information in many languages. The printed document is delivered with the product.

1.6 Data sheets and brochures

The data sheet contains the technical specifications of the R&S FSV/A. It also lists the firmware applications and their order numbers, and optional accessories.

The brochure provides an overview of the instrument and deals with the specific characteristics.

See www.rohde-schwarz.com/brochure-datasheet/FSV3000 /

www.rohde-schwarz.com/brochure-datasheet/FSVA3000

1.7 Release notes and open-source acknowledgment (OSA)

The release notes list new features, improvements and known issues of the current firmware version, and describe the firmware installation.

The software makes use of several valuable open source software packages. An opensource acknowledgment document provides verbatim license texts of the used open source software.

See www.rohde-schwarz.com/firmware/FSV3000 /

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www.rohde-schwarz.com/firmware/FSVA3000

1.8 Application notes, application cards, white papers, etc.

These documents deal with special applications or background information on particular topics.

See www.rohde-schwarz.com/application/FSV3000 /

www.rohde-schwarz.com/application/FSVA3000

Documentation overview

Application notes, application cards, white papers, etc.

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2 Welcome to the LTE measurement applica-

tion

The R&S FSV/A-K101, -K103 and -K105 are firmware applications that add functionality to perform measurements on LTE signals according to the 3GPP standard to the R&S FSV/A.

This user manual contains a description of the functionality that the application provides, including remote control operation. Functions that are not discussed in this manual are the same as in the Spectrum application and are described in the R&S FSV/A User Manual. The latest versions of the manuals are available for download at the product homepage.

https://www.rohde-schwarz.com/manual/fsv3000.

● Overview of the LTE applications..............................................................................8

● Installation...............................................................................................................10

● Starting the LTE measurement application............................................................. 10

● Understanding the display information....................................................................10

Welcome to the LTE measurement application

Overview of the LTE applications

2.1 Overview of the LTE applications

You can equip the R&S FSV/A with one or more LTE applications. Each of the applications provides functionality for specific measurement tasks.

R&S FSV/A-K100

The R&S FSV/A-K100 is designed to measure LTE FDD signals on the downlink.

The application has the following features:

●

Basic signal characteristics (like frequency, channel bandwidth or cyclic prefix).

●

Demodulation and configuration of the PDSCH transmitted over a single antenna and without precoding functionality.

●

Characteristics of the Synchronization and Reference signals.

●

Consideration of various control channels in the measurement (for example the PBCH or the PPDCH).

●

Analysis of individual antennas in a MIMO setup.

●

Tools to refine and filter the measurement results.

●

Various result displays that show the measured signal characteristics in a diagram or a numeric result table.

●

Available measurements: EVM, ACLR and SEM.

R&S FSV/A-K101

The R&S FSV/A-K101 is designed to measure LTE FDD signals on the uplink.

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The application has the following features:

●

Basic signal characteristics (like frequency, channel bandwidth or cyclic prefix).

●

Demodulation and configuration of the subframes transmitted over a single antenna.

●

Characteristics of the demodulation and sounding reference signals.

●

Consideration of the PUSCH, PUCCH and PRACH channels.

●

Analysis of individual antennas in a MIMO setup.

●

Tools to refine and filter the measurement results.

●

Various result displays that show the measured signal characteristics in a diagram or a numeric result table.

●

Available measurements: EVM, ACLR and SEM.

R&S FSV/A-K102

The R&S FSV/A-K102 is designed to measure LTE Advanced systems and MIMO systems on the downlink.

Note that this application only works in combination with either R&S FSV/A-K100 or K104.

Welcome to the LTE measurement application

Overview of the LTE applications

The application has the following features:

●

Support of 1024QAM modulation.

●

Consideration of the precoding schemes defined in the 3GPP standard.

●

Support of carrier aggregation.

●

Measurements on multimedia broadcast single frequency networks (MBSFNs).

●

Additional measurements: time alignment error, multi-carrier ACLR, cumulative ACLR and multi-SEM.

R&S FSV/A-K103

The R&S FSV/A-K103 is designed to measure LTE Advanced systems on the uplink.

Note that this application only works in combination with either R&S FSV/A-K101 or K105.

The application has the following features:

●

Support of 256QAM modulation.

●

Consideration of the enhanced PUSCH and PUCCH characteristics.

●

Support of carrier aggregation.

●

Additional measurements: time alignment error, multi-carrier ACLR and multi SEM.

R&S FSV/A-K104

The R&S FSV/A-K104 is designed to measure LTE TDD signals on the downlink.

The features are basically the same as in the R&S FSV/A-K100 with additional features that allow you to configure TDD subframes. It also provides tools to measure the On/Off Power.

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R&S FSV/A-K105

The R&S FSV/A-K105 is designed to measure LTE TDD signals on the uplink.

The features are basically the same as in the R&S FSV/A-K101 with additional features that allow you to configure TDD subframes.

2.2 Installation

Find detailed installing instructions in the Getting Started or the release notes of the R&S FSV/A.

2.3 Starting the LTE measurement application

The LTE measurement application adds a new application to the R&S FSV/A.

Welcome to the LTE measurement application

Understanding the display information

To activate the application

1. Press the [MODE] key on the front panel of the R&S FSV/A.

A dialog box opens that contains all operating modes and applications currently available on your R&S FSV/A.

2. Select the "LTE" item.

The R&S FSV/A opens a new measurement channel for the LTE measurement application.

The measurement is started immediately with the default settings. It can be configured in the "Overview" dialog box, which is displayed when you select the "Overview" softkey from any menu.

For more information see Chapter 5, "Configuration", on page 47.

2.4 Understanding the display information

The following figure shows a measurement diagram during analyzer operation. All different information areas are labeled. They are explained in more detail in the following sections.

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Welcome to the LTE measurement application

Understanding the display information

1 2 3 7 8

1 = Toolbar 2 = Channel bar 3 = Diagram header 4 = Result display 5 = Tabs to select displayed information for multiple data streams 6 = Subwindows (if more than one data stream is displayed at the same time) 7 = Status bar 8 = Softkeys

4 5 6

Channel bar information

In the LTE measurement application, the R&S FSV/A shows the following settings:

Table 2-1: Information displayed in the channel bar in the LTE measurement application

Ref Level Reference level

Att Mechanical and electronic RF attenuation

Freq Frequency

Mode LTE standard

MIMO Number of Tx and Rx antennas in the measurement setup

Capture Time Signal length that has been captured

Frame Count Number of frames that have been captured

Selected Slot Slot considered in the signal analysis

Selected Subframe Subframe considered in the signal analysis

In addition, the channel bar also displays information on instrument settings that affect the measurement results even though this is not immediately apparent from the display

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of the measured values (e.g. transducer or trigger settings). This information is displayed only when applicable for the current measurement. For details see the R&S FSV/A Getting Started manual.

Window title bar information

The information in the window title bar depends on the result display.

The "Constellation Diagram", for example, shows the number of points that have been measured.

Status bar information

Global instrument settings, the instrument status and any irregularities are indicated in the status bar beneath the diagram. Furthermore, the progress of the current operation is displayed in the status bar.

Regarding the synchronization state, the application shows the following labels.

●

Sync OK The synchronization was successful. The status bar is green.

●

Sync Failed The synchronization was not successful. The status bar is red. There can be three different synchronization errors.

– Sync Failed (Cyclic Prefix): The cyclic prefix correlation failed. – Sync Failed (P-SYNC): The P-SYNC correlation failed. – Sync Failed (S-SYNC): The S-SYNC correlation failed.

Welcome to the LTE measurement application

Understanding the display information

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3 Measurements and result displays

The LTE measurement application measures and analyzes various aspects of an LTE signal.

It features several measurements and result displays. Measurements represent different ways of processing the captured data during the digital signal processing. Result displays are different representations of the measurement results. They may be diagrams that show the results as a graph or tables that show the results as numbers.

Remote command:

Measurement selection: CONFigure[:LTE]:MEASurement on page 168

Result display selection: LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 116

● Selecting measurements.........................................................................................13

● Selecting result displays..........................................................................................14

● Performing measurements......................................................................................15

● I/Q measurements...................................................................................................15

● Time alignment error measurements...................................................................... 29

● Frequency sweep measurements...........................................................................31

● 3GPP test scenarios............................................................................................... 37

Measurements and result displays

Selecting measurements

3.1 Selecting measurements

Access: "Overview" > "Select Measurement"

The "Select Measurement" dialog box contains several buttons. Each button represents a measurement. A measurement in turn is a set of result displays that thematically belong together and that have a particular display configuration. If these predefined display configurations do not suit your requirements, you can add or remove result displays as you like. For more information about selecting result displays, see

Chapter 3.2, "Selecting result displays", on page 14.

Depending on the measurement, the R&S FSV/A changes the way it captures and processes the raw signal data.

EVM

EVM measurements record, process and demodulate the signal's I/Q data. The result displays available for EVM measurements show various aspects of the LTE signal quality.

For EVM measurements, you can combine the result displays in any way. For more information on the result displays, see Chapter 3.5, "Time alignment error

measurements", on page 29.

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:MEASurement on page 168

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Time alignment error

Time alignment error (TAE) measurements record, process and demodulate the signal's I/Q data. The result displays available for TAE measurements indicate how well the antennas in a multi-antenna system are aligned.

For TAE measurements, you can combine the result displays in any way. For more information on the result displays, see Chapter 3.5, "Time alignment error

measurements", on page 29.

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:MEASurement on page 168

Channel power ACLR

(inludes multi carrier ACLR and cumulative ACLR measurements) ACLR measurements sweep the frequency spectrum instead of processing I/Q data. The ACLR measurements evaluates the leakage ratio of neighboring channels and

evaluates if the signal is within the defined limits. The measurement provides several result displays. You can combine the result displays in any way.

For more information on the result displays, see Chapter 3.6, "Frequency sweep mea-

surements", on page 31.

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:MEASurement on page 168

Measurements and result displays

Selecting result displays

SEM

(inlcudes multi carrier SEM measurements) SEM measurements sweep the frequency spectrum instead of processing I/Q data. The SEM measurements tests the signal against a spectrum emission mask and eval-

uates if the signal is within the defined limits. The measurement provides several result displays. You can combine the result displays in any way.

For more information on the result displays, see Chapter 3.6, "Frequency sweep mea-

surements", on page 31.

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:MEASurement on page 168

3.2 Selecting result displays

Access:

The R&S FSV/A opens a menu (the SmartGrid) to select result displays. For more information on the SmartGrid functionality, see the R&S FSV/A Getting Started.

In the default state of the application, it shows several conventional result displays.

●

Capture Buffer

●

EVM vs Carrier

●

Power Spectrum

●

Result Summary

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●

Constellation Diagram

From that predefined state, add and remove result displays as you like from the SmartGrid menu.

Remote command: LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 116

Measuring several data streams

When you capture more than one data stream (for example component carriers), each result display is made up out of several tabs.

The first tab shows the results for all data streams. The other tabs show the results for each individual data stream. By default, the tabs are coupled to one another - if you select a certain data stream in one display, the application also selects this data stream in the other result displays (see Subwindow Coupling).

The number of tabs depends on the number of data streams.

3.3 Performing measurements

Measurements and result displays

I/Q measurements

By default, the application measures the signal continuously. In "Continuous Sweep" mode, the R&S FSV/A captures and analyzes the data again and again.

●

For I/Q measurements, the amount of captured data depends on the capture time.

●

For frequency sweep measurement, the amount of captured data depends on the sweep time.

In "Single Sweep" mode, the R&S FSV/A stops measuring after it has captured the data once. The amount of data again depends on the capture time.

Refreshing captured data

You can also repeat a measurement based on the data that has already been captured with the "Refresh" function. Repeating a measurement with the same data can be useful, for example, if you want to apply different modulation settings to the same I/Q data.

For more information, see the documentation of the R&S FSV/A.

3.4 I/Q measurements

Access: [MEAS] > "EVM/Frequency Err/Power"

You can select the result displays from the evaluation bar and arrange them as you like with the SmartGrid functionality.

Remote command:

Measurement selection: CONFigure[:LTE]:MEASurement on page 168

Result display selection: LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 116

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Capture Buffer...............................................................................................................16

EVM vs Carrier..............................................................................................................17

EVM vs Symbol.............................................................................................................18

EVM vs Subframe......................................................................................................... 18

Power Spectrum............................................................................................................19

Inband Emission............................................................................................................19

Spectrum Flatness........................................................................................................ 20

Spectrum Flatness SRS................................................................................................20

Group Delay..................................................................................................................21

Spectrum Flatness Difference.......................................................................................21

Constellation Diagram...................................................................................................22

CCDF............................................................................................................................ 22

Allocation Summary...................................................................................................... 23

Bitstream.......................................................................................................................23

EVM vs Symbol x Carrier..............................................................................................24

Power vs Symbol x Carrier............................................................................................25

Result Summary............................................................................................................25

Marker Table................................................................................................................. 28

Measurements and result displays

I/Q measurements

Capture Buffer

The "Capture Buffer" shows the complete range of captured data for the last data capture.

The x-axis represents time. The maximum value of the x-axis is equal to the Capture

Time.

The y-axis represents the amplitude of the captured I/Q data in dBm (for RF input). The capture buffer uses the auto peak detector to evaluate the measurement data. The

auto peak detector determines the maximum and the minimum value of the measured levels for each measurement point and combines both values in one sample point.

Figure 3-1: Capture buffer without zoom

A green vertical line at the beginning of the green bar in the capture buffer represents the subframe start. The diagram also contains the "Start Offset" value. This value is the time difference between the subframe start and capture buffer start.

When you zoom into the diagram, you will see that the bar is interrupted at certain positions. Each small bar indicates the useful parts of the OFDM symbol.

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Figure 3-2: Capture buffer after a zoom has been applied

Remote command: Selection: LAY:ADD ? '1',LEFT,CBUF Query (y-axis): TRACe:DATA? Query (x-axis): TRACe<n>[:DATA]:X? on page 139 Subframe start offset: FETCh[:CC<cc>]:SUMMary:TFRame? on page 149

EVM vs Carrier

The "EVM vs Carrier" result display shows the error vector magnitude (EVM) of the subcarriers. With the help of a marker, you can use it as a debugging technique to identify any subcarriers whose EVM is too high.

The results are based on an average EVM that is calculated over the resource elements for each subcarrier. This average subcarrier EVM is determined for each analyzed slot in the capture buffer.

If you analyze all slots, the result display contains three traces.

●

Average EVM This trace shows the subcarrier EVM, averaged over all slots.

●

Minimum EVM This trace shows the lowest (average) subcarrier EVM that has been found over the analyzed slots.

●

Maximum EVM This trace shows the highest (average) subcarrier EVM that has been found over the analyzed slots.

If you select and analyze one slot only, the result display contains one trace that shows the subcarrier EVM for that slot only. Average, minimum and maximum values in that case are the same. For more information, see "Slot Selection" on page 101.

The x-axis represents the center frequencies of the subcarriers. The y-axis shows the EVM in % or in dB, depending on the EVM Unit.

Measurements and result displays

I/Q measurements

Remote command: Selection LAY:ADD ? '1',LEFT,EVCA Query (y-axis): TRACe:DATA? Query (x-axis): TRACe<n>[:DATA]:X? on page 139

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EVM vs Symbol

The "EVM vs Symbol" result display shows the error vector magnitude (EVM) of the OFDM symbols. You can use it as a debugging technique to identify any symbols whose EVM is too high.

The results are based on an average EVM that is calculated over all subcarriers that are part of a certain OFDM symbol. This average OFDM symbol EVM is determined for all OFDM symbols in each analyzed slot.

The x-axis represents the OFDM symbols, with each symbol represented by a dot on the line. Any missing connections from one dot to another mean that the R&S FSV/A could not determine the EVM for that symbol.

The number of displayed symbols depends on the subframe selection and the length of the cyclic prefix.

For TDD signals, the result display does not show OFDM symbols that are not part of the measured link direction.

On the y-axis, the EVM is plotted either in % or in dB, depending on the EVM Unit.

Measurements and result displays

I/Q measurements

Remote command: Selection: LAY:ADD ? '1',LEFT,EVSY Query (y-axis): TRACe:DATA? Query (x-axis): TRACe<n>[:DATA]:X? on page 139

EVM vs Subframe

The "EVM vs Subframe" result display shows the Error Vector Magnitude (EVM) for each subframe. You can use it as a debugging technique to identify a subframe whose EVM is too high.

The result is an average over all subcarriers and symbols of a specific subframe. The x-axis represents the subframes, with the number of displayed subframes being

10. On the y-axis, the EVM is plotted either in % or in dB, depending on the EVM Unit.

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Remote command: Selection: LAY:ADD ? '1',LEFT,EVSU Query (y-axis): TRACe:DATA? Query (x-axis): TRACe<n>[:DATA]:X? on page 139

Power Spectrum

The "Power Spectrum" shows the power density of the complete capture buffer in dBm/Hz.

The displayed bandwidth depends on the selected channel bandwidth. The x-axis represents the frequency. On the y-axis, the power level is plotted.

Measurements and result displays

I/Q measurements

Remote command: Selection: LAY:ADD ? '1',LEFT,PSPE Query (y-axis): TRACe:DATA? Query (x-axis): TRACe<n>[:DATA]:X? on page 139

Inband Emission

The "Inband Emission" result display shows the power of the unused resource blocks relative to the allocated resource blocks (yellow trace). The diagram also shows the inband emission limit lines (red trace). The allocated resource blocks are not evaluated.

The x-axis represents the resource blocks. The numbering of the resource blocks is based on 3GPP 38.521 as a function of the resource block offset from the edge of the allocated uplink transmission bandwidth.

The y-axis shows the measured power for each resource block. Because the measurement is evaluated over a single slot in the currently selected sub-

frame, you have to select a specific slot and subframe to get valid measurement results.

Limits for the inband emission are specified in 3GPP 36.101.

You can also display the inband emissions for the allocated resource block in addition to the unused resource blocks when you select the "Inband Emissions All" result display.

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Remote command: Selection: LAY:ADD ? '1',LEFT,IE Selection: LAY:ADD ? '1',LEFT,IEA Query (y-axis): TRACe:DATA? Query (x-axis): TRACe<n>[:DATA]:X? on page 139

Spectrum Flatness

The "Spectrum Flatness" result display shows the relative power offset caused by the transmit channel.

The measurement is evaluated over the currently selected slot in the currently selected subframe.

The currently selected subframe depends on your selection. The x-axis represents the frequency. On the y-axis, the channel flatness is plotted in

dB.

Measurements and result displays

I/Q measurements

Note that the limit lines are only displayed if you match the Operating Band to the center frequency. Limits are defined for each operating band in the standard.

The shape of the limit line is different when "Extreme Conditions" on page 57 are on. Remote command:

Selecting the result display: LAY:ADD ? '1',LEFT,SFL Querying results:

TRACe:DATA?

TRACe<n>[:DATA]:X? on page 139

Spectrum Flatness SRS

The "Spectrum Flatness SRS" display shows the amplitude of the channel transfer function based on the sounding reference signal.

The measurement is evaluated over the currently selected slot in the currently selected subframe. The slot and subframe selection may be changed in the general settings.

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Remote command: Selection: LAY:ADD ? '1',LEFT,SFSR Query (y-axis): TRACe:DATA? Query (x-axis): TRACe<n>[:DATA]:X? on page 139

Group Delay

This "Group Delay" shows the group delay of each subcarrier. The measurement is evaluated over the currently selected slot in the currently selected

subframe. The currently selected subframe depends on your selection. The x-axis represents the frequency. On the y-axis, the group delay is plotted in ns.

Measurements and result displays

I/Q measurements

Remote command: Selection: LAY:ADD ? '1',LEFT,GDEL Query (y-axis): TRACe:DATA? Query (x-axis): TRACe<n>[:DATA]:X? on page 139

Spectrum Flatness Difference

The "Spectrum Flatness Difference" result display shows the level difference in the spectrum flatness result between two adjacent physical subcarriers.

The measurement is evaluated over the currently selected slot in the currently selected subframe.

The currently selected subframe depends on your selection. The x-axis represents the frequency. On the y-axis, the power is plotted in dB.

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Remote command: Selection: LAY:ADD ? '1',LEFT,SFD Query (y-axis): TRACe:DATA? Query (x-axis): TRACe<n>[:DATA]:X? on page 139

Constellation Diagram

The "Constellation Diagram" shows the in-phase and quadrature phase results and is an indicator of the quality of the modulation of the signal.

In the default state, the result display evaluates the full range of the measured input data.

Each color represents a modulation type.

●

You can filter the results by changing the evaluation range.

: RBPSK : MIXTURE : QPSK : 16QAM : 64QAM : 256QAM : PSK (CAZAC)

Measurements and result displays

I/Q measurements

The constellation diagram also contains information about the current evaluation

range, including the number of points that are displayed in the diagram.

Remote command: Selection: LAY:ADD ? '1',LEFT,CONS Query: TRACe:DATA?

CCDF

The "Complementary Cumulative Distribution Function (CCDF)" shows the probability of an amplitude exceeding the mean power. For the measurement, the complete capture buffer is used.

The x-axis represents the power relative to the measured mean power. On the y-axis, the probability is plotted in %.

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In addition to the diagram, the results for the CCDF measurement are summarized in the CCDF table.

Mean Mean power

Peak Peak power

Crest Crest factor (peak power – mean power)

10 % 10 % probability that the level exceeds mean power + [x] dB

1 % 1 % probability that the level exceeds mean power + [x] dB

0.1 % 0.1 % probability that the level exceeds mean power + [x] dB

0.01 % 0.01 % probability that the level exceeds mean power + [x] dB

Remote command: Selection: LAY:ADD ? '1',LEFT,CCDF Query (y-axis): TRACe:DATA? Numerical results: CALCulate<n>:STATistics:CCDF:X<t>? on page 155 Numerical results: CALCulate<n>:STATistics:RESult<res>? on page 155

Measurements and result displays

I/Q measurements

Allocation Summary

The "Allocation Summary" shows various parameters of the measured allocations in a table.

Each row in the allocation table corresponds to an allocation. A set of several allocations make up a subframe. A horizontal line indicates the beginning of a new subframe.

The columns of the table show the following properties for each allocation.

●

The location of the allocation (subframe number).

●

The ID of the allocation (channel type).

●

Number of resource blocks used by the allocation.

●

The resource block offset of the allocation.

●

The modulation of the allocation.

●

The power of the allocation in dBm.

●

The EVM of the allocation. The unit depends on the EVM unit

Click once on the header row to open a dialog box that allows you to add and remove columns.

Remote command: Selection: LAY:ADD ? '1',LEFT,ASUM Query: TRACe:DATA?

Bitstream

The "Bitstream" shows the demodulated data stream for the data allocations.

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Depending on the bitstream format, the numbers represent either bits (bit order) or symbols (symbol order).

●

For the bit format, each number represents one raw bit.

●

For the symbol format, the bits that belong to one symbol are shown as hexadecimal numbers with two digits.

Resource elements that do not contain data or are not part of the transmission are represented by a "-".

If a symbol could not be decoded because the number of layers exceeds the number of receive antennas, the application shows a "#" sign.

The table contains the following information:

●

Subframe

Number of the subframe the bits belong to.

●

Allocation ID

Channel the bits belong to.

●

Codeword

Code word of the allocation.

●

Modulation

Modulation type of the channels.

●

Symbol Index or Bit Index Indicates the position of the table row's first bit or symbol within the complete stream.

●

Bit Stream

The actual bit stream.

Remote command: Selection: LAY:ADD ? '1',LEFT,BSTR Query: TRACe:DATA?

Measurements and result displays

I/Q measurements

EVM vs Symbol x Carrier

The "EVM vs Symbol x Carrier" result display shows the EVM for each carrier in each symbol.

The x-axis represents the symbols. The y-axis represents the subcarriers. Different colors in the diagram area represent the EVM. A color map in the diagram header indicates the corresponding power levels.

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Remote command: Selection: LAY:ADD ? '1',LEFT,EVSC Query: TRACe:DATA?

Power vs Symbol x Carrier

The "Power vs Symbol x Carrier" result display shows the power for each carrier in each symbol.

The x-axis represents the symbols. The y-axis represents the subcarriers. Different colors in the diagram area represent the power. A color map in the diagram header indicates the corresponding power levels.

Remote command: Selection: LAY:ADD ? '1',LEFT,PVSC Query: TRACe:DATA?

Measurements and result displays

I/Q measurements

Result Summary

The Result Summary shows all relevant measurement results in numerical form, combined in one table.

Remote command:

LAY:ADD ? '1',LEFT,RSUM

Contents of the result summary

The contents of the result summary depend on the analysis mode you have selected. The first screenshot shows the results for "PUSCH/PUCCH" analysis mode, the second one those for "PRACH" analysis mode.

Figure 3-3: Result summary in PUSCH/PUCCH analysis mode

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Figure 3-4: Result summary in PRACH analysis mode

The table is split in two parts. The first part shows results that refer to the complete frame. It also indicates limit check results where available. The font of 'Pass' results is green and that of 'Fail' results is red.

In addition to the red font, the application also puts a red star ( ) in front of failed results.

The second part of the table shows results that refer to a specific selection of the frame. The statistic is always evaluated over the slots. The header row of the table contains information about the selection you have made (like the subframe).

Measurements and result displays

I/Q measurements

Note: The EVM results on a frame level (first part of the table) are calculated as defined by 3GPP at the edges of the cyclic prefix. The other EVM results (lower part of the table) are calculated at the optimal timing position in the middle of the cyclic prefix.

Because of inter-symbol interference, the EVM calculated at the edges of the cyclic prefix is higher than the EVM calculated in the middle of the cyclic prefix.

By default, all EVM results are in %. To view the EVM results in dB, change the EVM

Unit.

Table 3-1: Result summary: part containing results as defined by 3GPP (PUSCH/PUCCH analysis)

EVM PUSCH QPSK Shows the EVM for all QPSK-modulated resource elements of the PUSCH

channel in the analyzed frame.

FETCh[:CC<cc>]:SUMMary:EVM:USQP[:AVERage]? on page 144

EVM PUSCH 16QAM Shows the EVM for all 16QAM-modulated resource elements of the PUSCH

channel in the analyzed frame.

FETCh[:CC<cc>]:SUMMary:EVM:USST[:AVERage]? on page 144

EVM PUSCH 64QAM Shows the EVM for all 64QAM-modulated resource elements of the PUSCH

channel in the analyzed frame.

FETCh[:CC<cc>]:SUMMary:EVM:USSF[:AVERage]? on page 144

EVM PUSCH 256QAM Shows the EVM for all 256QAM-modulated resource elements of the PUSCH

channel in the analyzed frame.

FETCh[:CC<cc>]:SUMMary:EVM:USTS[:AVERage]? on page 145

EVM DMRS PUSCH QPSK Shows the EVM of all DMRS resource elements with QPSK modulation of the

PUSCH in the analyzed frame.

FETCh[:CC<cc>]:SUMMary:EVM:SDQP[:AVERage]? on page 142

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EVM DMRS PUSCH 16QAM Shows the EVM of all DMRS resource elements with 16QAM modulation of

EVM DMRS PUSCH 64QAM Shows the EVM of all DMRS resource elements with 64QAM modulation of

Measurements and result displays

I/Q measurements

the PUSCH in the analyzed frame.

FETCh[:CC<cc>]:SUMMary:EVM:SDST[:AVERage]? on page 142

the PUSCH in the analyzed frame.

FETCh[:CC<cc>]:SUMMary:EVM:SDSF[:AVERage]? on page 142

EVM DMRS PUSCH 256QAM

EVM PUCCH Shows the EVM of all resource elements of the PUCCH channel in the ana-

EVM DMRS PUCCH Shows the EVM of all DMRS resource elements of the PUCCH channel in the

Table 3-2: Result summary: part containing results as defined by 3GPP (PRACH analysis)

EVM PRACH Shows the EVM of all resource elements of the PRACH channel in the ana-

Table 3-3: Result summary: part containing results for a specific selection

EVM All Shows the EVM for all resource elements in the analyzed frame.

EVM Phys Channel Shows the EVM for all physical channel resource elements in the analyzed

Shows the EVM of all DMRS resource elements with 256QAM modulation of the PUSCH in the analyzed frame.

FETCh[:CC<cc>]:SUMMary:EVM:SDTS[:AVERage]? on page 143

lyzed frame.

FETCh[:CC<cc>]:SUMMary:EVM:UCCH[:AVERage]? on page 143

analyzed frame.

FETCh[:CC<cc>]:SUMMary:EVM:UCCD[:AVERage]? on page 143

lyzed frame.

FETCh[:CC<cc>]:SUMMary:EVM:UPRA[:AVERage]? on page 143

FETCh[:CC<cc>]:SUMMary:EVM[:ALL][:AVERage]? on page 146

frame. A physical channel corresponds to a set of resource elements carrying infor-

mation from higher layers. PUSCH, PUCCH and PRACH are physical channels. For more information, see 3GPP 36.211.

FETCh[:CC<cc>]:SUMMary:EVM:PCHannel[:AVERage]? on page 146

("PUSCH/PUCCH" analysis mode only.)

EVM Phys Signal Shows the EVM for all physical signal resource elements in the analyzed

frame. The reference signal is a physical signal. For more information, see 3GPP

36.211.

FETCh[:CC<cc>]:SUMMary:EVM:PSIGnal[:AVERage]? on page 147

("PUSCH/PUCCH" analysis mode only.)

Frequency Error Shows the difference in the measured center frequency and the reference

center frequency.

FETCh[:CC<cc>]:SUMMary:FERRor[:AVERage]? on page 147

Sampling Error Shows the difference in measured symbol clock and reference symbol clock

relative to the system sampling rate.

FETCh[:CC<cc>]:SUMMary:SERRor[:AVERage]? on page 149

I/Q Offset Shows the power at spectral line 0 normalized to the total transmitted power.

FETCh[:CC<cc>]:SUMMary:IQOFfset[:AVERage]? on page 148

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I/Q Gain Imbalance Shows the logarithm of the gain ratio of the Q-channel to the I-channel.

I/Q Quadrature Error Shows the measure of the phase angle between Q-channel and I-channel

Power Shows the average time domain power of the allocated resource blocks of the

Crest Factor Shows the peak-to-average power ratio of captured signal.

Marker Table

Displays a table with the current marker values for the active markers. This table is displayed automatically if configured accordingly.

Wnd Shows the window the marker is in.

Type Shows the marker type and number ("M" for a nor-

Measurements and result displays

I/Q measurements

FETCh[:CC<cc>]:SUMMary:GIMBalance[:AVERage]? on page 147

deviating from the ideal 90 degrees.

FETCh[:CC<cc>]:SUMMary:QUADerror[:AVERage]? on page 149

analyzed signal.

FETCh[:CC<cc>]:SUMMary:POWer[:AVERage]? on page 148

FETCh[:CC<cc>]:SUMMary:CRESt[:AVERage]? on page 146

mal marker, "D" for a delta marker).

Trc Shows the trace that the marker is positioned on.

Ref Shows the reference marker that a delta marker

refers to.

X- / Y-Value Shows the marker coordinates (usually frequency

and level).

Z-EVM

Z-Power

Z-Alloc ID

Shows the "EVM", power and allocation type at the marker position.

Only in 3D result displays (for example "EVM vs Symbol x Carrier").

Tip: To navigate within long marker tables, simply scroll through the entries with your finger on the touchscreen.

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Remote command: LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, MTAB, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 116 Results:

CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:X on page 152 CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:Y on page 153 CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:Z? on page 154 CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:Z:ALL? on page 154

3.5 Time alignment error measurements

Access: [MEAS] > "Time Alignment Error"

The time alignment error measurement captures and analyzes new I/Q data when you select it.

Note that the time alignment error measurement only work in a MIMO setup (2 or 4 antennas) or a system with component carriers. Therefore, you have to mix the signal of the antennas into one cable that you can connect to the R&S FSV/A. For more information on configuring and performing a time alignment error measurement see Chap-

ter 4.4, "Performing time alignment measurements", on page 44.

Measurements and result displays

Time alignment error measurements

In addition to the result displays mentioned in this section, the time alignment error measurement also supports the following result displays described elsewhere.

●

"Capture Buffer" on page 16

●

"Power Spectrum" on page 19

●

"Marker Table" on page 28

You can select the result displays from the evaluation bar and arrange them as you like with the SmartGrid functionality.

Remote command:

Measurement selection: CONFigure[:LTE]:MEASurement on page 168

Result display selection: LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 116

Time Alignment Error.................................................................................................... 29

Carrier Frequency Error................................................................................................ 30

Time Alignment Error

The time alignment is an indicator of how well the transmission antennas in a MIMO system and component carriers are synchronized. The time alignment error is either the time delay between a reference antenna (for example antenna 1) and another antenna or the time delay between a reference component carrier and other component carriers.

The application shows the results in a table. Each row in the table represents one antenna. The reference antenna is not shown. For each antenna, the maximum, minimum and average time delay that has been

measured is shown. The minimum and maximum results are calculated only if the measurement covers more than one subframe.

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If you perform the measurement on a system with carrier aggregation, each row represents one antenna. The number of lines increases because of multiple carriers. The reference antenna of the main component carrier (CC1) is not shown.

In case of carrier aggregation, the time alignment error measurement also evaluates the "Carrier Frequency Error" on page 30 of the component carrier (CC2) relative to the main component carrier (CC1).

In any case, results are only displayed if the transmission power of both antennas is within 15 dB of each other. Likewise, if only one antenna transmits a signal, results will not be displayed (for example if the cabling on one antenna is faulty).

For more information on configuring this measurement see Chapter 5.3, "Time align-

ment error measurements", on page 92.

The "Limit" value shown in the result display is the maximum time delay that may occur for each antenna (only displayed for systems without carrier aggregation).

Measurements and result displays

Time alignment error measurements

You can select the reference antenna from the dropdown menu in the result display. You can also select the reference antenna in the MIMO Setup - if you change them in one place, they are also changed in the other.

In the default layout, the application also shows the "Capture Buffer" and "Power Spectrum" result displays for each component carrier.

Remote command: Selection: LAY:ADD ? '1',LEFT,TAL Query: FETCh:TAERror[:CC<cc>]:ANTenna<ant>[:AVERage]? on page 151

Carrier Frequency Error

The "Carrier Frequency Error" shows the frequency deviation between a reference carrier (usually component carrier 1) and another component carrier. It is an indicator of how well the component carriers in a system with carrier aggregation are synchronized.

The application shows the results in a table. For each component carrier, the application adds two rows to the table.

●

The first row shows the lowest, average and highest frequency error that has been measured in Hz. In addition, the limit defined by 3GPP for that scenario is displayed. Note that the application always tests against the highest measured value; if the limit has been violated, the font color of the maximum value turns red. If you measure a single slot only, the lowest, average and highest valued are the same.

●

The second row shows the lowest, average and highest frequency error that has been measured in ppm. In addition, the limit defined by 3GPP for that scenario is displayed. If you measure a single slot only, the lowest, average and highest valued are the same.

The reference component carrier is not represented in the table.

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Remote command: In Hz: FETCh:FERRor[:CC<cc>][:AVERage]? on page 150 In ppm: FETCh:FEPPm[:CC<cc>][:AVERage]? on page 150

3.6 Frequency sweep measurements

Access (ACLR): [MEAS] > "Channel Power ACLR"

Access (MC ACLR): [MEAS] > "Multi Carrier ACLR"

Access (SEM): [MEAS] > "Spectrum Emission Mask"

The LTE aplication supports the following frequency sweep measurements.

●

Adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR)

●

Spectrum emission mask (SEM)

Instead of using I/Q data, the frequency sweep measurements sweep the spectrum every time you run a new measurement. Therefore, it is mandatory to feed a signal into the RF input for these measurements. Using previously acquired I/Q data for the frequency sweep measurements is not possible (and vice-versa).

Measurements and result displays

Frequency sweep measurements

Because each of the frequency sweep measurements uses different settings to obtain signal data it is also not possible to run a frequency sweep measurement and view the results in another frequency sweep measurement.

Make sure to have sufficient bandwidth to be able to capture the whole signal, including neighboring channels.

In addition to the specific diagrams and table (see description below), frequency sweep measurements support the following result displays.

●

"Marker Table" on page 28

●

Marker peak list Both result displays have the same contents as the spectrum application.

Remote command:

Measurement selection: CONFigure[:LTE]:MEASurement on page 168

Result display selection: LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 116

Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio (ACLR).....................................................................32

└ Result diagram................................................................................................32

└ Result summary..............................................................................................33

Spectrum Emission Mask (SEM).................................................................................. 33

└ Result diagram................................................................................................33

└ Result summary..............................................................................................34

Multi Carrier ACLR (MC ACLR).................................................................................... 35

└ Result diagram................................................................................................35

└ Result summary..............................................................................................36

Marker Peak List........................................................................................................... 37

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Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio (ACLR)

The adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR) measurement is designed to analyze signals that contain multiple signals for different radio standards. Using the ACLR measurement, you can determine the power of the transmit (Tx) channel and the power of the neighboring (adjacent) channels to the left and right of the Tx channel. Thus, the ACLR measurement provides information about the power in the adjacent channels as well as the leakage into these adjacent channels.

When you measure the ACLR in the LTE application, the R&S FSV/A automatically selects appropriate ACLR settings based on the selected channel bandwidth.

For a comprehensive description of the ACLR measurement, refer to the user manual of the R&S FSV/A.

Remote command: Selection: CONF:MEAS ACLR

Result diagram ← Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio (ACLR)

The result diagram is a graphic representation of the signals with a trace that shows the measured signal. Individual channels (Tx and adjacent channels) are indicated by vertical lines and corresponding labels.

In addition, the R&S FSV/A highlights the channels (blue: Tx channel, green: adjacent channels).

The x-axis represents the frequency with a frequency span that relates to the specified LTE channel and adjacent channel bandwidths. On the y-axis, the power is plotted in dBm.

The power for the Tx channel is an absolute value in dBm. The power of the adjacent channels is relative to the power of the Tx channel.

In addition, the R&S FSV/A tests the ACLR measurement results against the limits defined by 3GPP.

Measurements and result displays

Frequency sweep measurements

Remote command: Result query: TRACe:DATA?

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Result summary ← Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio (ACLR)

The result summary shows the signal characteristics in numerical form. Each row in the table corresponds to a certain channel type (Tx, adjacent channel). The columns contain the channel characteristics.

●

Channel

Shows the channel type (Tx, adjacent or alternate channel).

●

Bandwidth

Shows the channel bandwidth.

●

Offset

Shows the channel spacing.

●

Power

Shows the power of the Tx channel.

●

Lower / Upper

Shows the relative power of the lower and upper adjacent and alternate channels. The values turn red if the power violates the limits.

●

Limit

Shows the limit of that channel, if one is defined.

Measurements and result displays

Frequency sweep measurements

Remote command: Result query: CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:FUNCtion:POWer<sb>:RESult[:

CURRent]?

Spectrum Emission Mask (SEM) Note: The SEM measurement also supports carrier aggregation up to two contiguous

component carriers. You can configure the component carriers in the Carrier Aggrega-

tion panel.

The "Spectrum Emission Mask" (SEM) measurement shows the quality of the measured signal by comparing the power values in the frequency range near the carrier against a spectral mask that is defined by the 3GPP specifications. In this way, you can test the performance of the DUT and identify the emissions and their distance to the limit.

For a comprehensive description of the SEM measurement, refer to the user manual of the R&S FSV/A.

Remote command: Selection (SEM): CONF:MEAS ESP Selection (Multi-SEM): CONF:MEAS MCES

Result diagram ← Spectrum Emission Mask (SEM)

The result diagram is a graphic representation of the signal with a trace that shows the measured signal. The SEM is represented by a red line.

If any measured power levels are above that limit line, the test fails. If all power levels are inside the specified limits, the test passes. The application labels the limit line to indicate whether the limit check has passed or failed.

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The x-axis represents the frequency with a frequency span that relates to the specified LTE channel bandwidths. The y-axis shows the signal power in dBm.

Remote command: Result query: TRACe:DATA?

Measurements and result displays

Frequency sweep measurements

Result summary ← Spectrum Emission Mask (SEM)

The result summary shows the signal characteristics in numerical form. Each row in the table corresponds to a certain SEM range. The columns contain the range characteristics. If a limit fails, the range characteristics turn red.

●

Start / Stop Freq Rel

Shows the start and stop frequency of each section of the spectrum emission mask relative to the center frequency.

●

RBW

Shows the resolution bandwidth of each section of the spectrum emission mask.

●

Freq at Δ to Limit

Shows the absolute frequency whose power measurement being closest to the limit line for the corresponding frequency segment.

●

Power Abs

Shows the absolute measured power of the frequency whose power is closest to the limit. The application evaluates this value for each frequency segment.

●

Power Rel

Shows the distance from the measured power to the limit line at the frequency whose power is closest to the limit. The application evaluates this value for each frequency segment.

●

Δ to Limit

Shows the minimal distance of the tolerance limit to the SEM trace for the corresponding frequency segment. Negative distances indicate that the trace is below the tolerance limit, positive distances indicate that the trace is above the tolerance limit.

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Multi Carrier ACLR (MC ACLR)

The MC ACLR measurement is basically the same as the Adjacent Channel Leakage

Ratio (ACLR) measurement: it measures the power of the transmission channels and

neighboring channels and their effect on each other. Instead of measuring a single carrier, the MC ACLR measures two contiguous component carriers. You can configure the component carriers in the Carrier Aggregation panel. Note that the component carriers have to be next to each other.

In its default state, the MC ACLR measurement measures three neighboring channels above and below the carrier. One of the neighboring channels is assumed to be an EUTRA channel (for example LTE) and the other two are assumed to be UTRA channels (for example WCDMA). Note that you can configure a different neighboring channel setup with the tools provided by the measurement. These tools are the same as those provided in the spectrum application. For more information, please refer to the documentation of the R&S FSV/A.

Measurements and result displays

Frequency sweep measurements

The configuration in its default state complies with the test specifications defined in 3GPP 36.521.

Remote command: Selection: CONF:MEAS MCAC

Result diagram ← Multi Carrier ACLR (MC ACLR)

In addition, the R&S FSV/A highlights the channels (blue: Tx channel, green: adjacent channels).

The x-axis represents the frequency with a frequency span that relates to the LTE channel characteristics and adjacent channel bandwidths. Note that the application automatically determines the center frequency of the measurement according to the frequencies of the carriers.

On the y-axis, the power is plotted in dBm. The power for the TX channels is an absolute value in dBm. The powers of the adjacent channels are values relative to the power of the TX channel. The power of the channels is automatically tested against the limits defined by 3GPP.

The result display contains several additional elements.

●

Blue and green lines: Represent the bandwidths of the carriers (blue lines) and those of the neighboring channels (green lines). Note that the channels can overlap each other.

●

Blue and green bars:

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Represent the integrated power of the transmission channels (blue bars) and neighboring channels (green bars).

Remote command:

TRACe:DATA?

Measurements and result displays

Frequency sweep measurements

Result summary ← Multi Carrier ACLR (MC ACLR)

A table above the result display contains information about the measurement in numerical form:

●

Channel

Shows the type of channel. The first rows represent the aggregated carrier ("CA EUTRA Ref" and "Total": they show the characteristics of the aggregated channel and thus are basically the same). Regarding its characteristics, the two carriers are regarded as a single channel. The other rows represent the neighboring channels (one E-UTRA and two UTRA channels). The other rows represent the neighboring channels (Adj Lower / Upper and Alt1 Lower / Upper).

●

Bandwidth

Shows the bandwidth of the channel. The bandwidth of the carrier is the sum of the two component carriers.

●

Offset

Frequency offset relative to the center frequency of the aggregated carrier.

●

Power / Lower / Upper / Gap

Shows the power of the carrier and the power of the lower and upper neighboring channels relative to the power of the aggregated carrier.

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Note that the font of the results turns red if the signal violates the limits defined by 3GPP.

Remote command: Result query: CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:FUNCtion:POWer<sb>:RESult[:

CURRent]? on page 140

Limit check adjacent: CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>:ACPower:ACHannel:RESult? on page 156 Limit check alternate: CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>:ACPower:ALTernate<alt>:

RESult? on page 157

Marker Peak List

The marker peak list determines the frequencies and levels of peaks in the spectrum or time domain. How many peaks are displayed can be defined, as well as the sort order. In addition, the detected peaks can be indicated in the diagram. The peak list can also be exported to a file for analysis in an external application.

Measurements and result displays

3GPP test scenarios

Tip: To navigate within long marker peak lists, simply scroll through the entries with your finger on the touchscreen.

Remote command: LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, PEAK, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 116 Results:

CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:X on page 152 CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:Y on page 153

3.7 3GPP test scenarios

3GPP defines several test scenarios for measuring user equipment. These test scenarios are described in detail in 3GPP TS 36.521-1.

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The following table provides an overview which measurements available in the LTE application are suited to use for the test scenarios in the 3GPP documents.

Table 3-4: Test scenarios for E-TMs as defined by 3GPP (3GPP TS 36.521-1)

Test scenario Test described in Measurement

UE maximum output power chapter 6.2.2 Power (➙ "Result Summary")

Maximum power reduction chapter 6.2.3 Power (➙ "Result Summary")

Measurements and result displays

3GPP test scenarios

Additional maximum power reduc-

chapter 6.2.4 Power (➙ "Result Summary")

tion

Configured UE-transmitted output

chapter 6.2.5 Power (➙ "Result Summary")

power

Minimum output power chapter 6.3.2 Power (➙ "Result Summary")

Transmit off power chapter 6.3.3 n/a

On/off time mask chapter 6.3.4 n/a

Power control chapter 6.3.5 n/a

Frequency error chapter 6.5.1 Frequency error (➙ "Result Sum-

mary")

Transmit modulation chapter 6.5.2.1 EVM results

Occupied bandwidth chapter 6.6.1

chapter 6.5.2.2 I/Q offset (➙ "Result Summary")

chapter 6.5.2.3 Inband emission

chapter 6.5.2.4 Spectrum flatness

Occupied bandwidth

Out of band emission chapter 6.6.2.1 Spectrum emission mask

Spurious emissions chapter 6.6.3.1

chapter 6.6.2.2 Spectrum emission mask

chapter 6.6.2.3 ACLR

chapter 6.6.3.2

chapter 6.6.3.3

Spurious emissions

Transmit intermodulation chapter 6.7 ACLR

Time alignment chapter 6.8 Time alignment

these measurements are available in the spectrum application of the Rohde & Schwarz signal and spec-

trum analyzers (for example the R&S FSW)

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4 Measurement basics

● Symbols and variables............................................................................................39

● Overview................................................................................................................. 40

● The LTE uplink analysis measurement application.................................................40

● Performing time alignment measurements............................................................. 44

● SRS EVM calculation..............................................................................................45

4.1 Symbols and variables

The following chapters use various symbols and variables in the equations that the measurements are based on. The table below explains these symbols for a better understanding of the measurement principles.

Measurement basics

Symbols and variables

l,kâl,k

l,k

Δf, Δ

coarse

Δf

res

l,k, l,k

i time index

, î

coarse

fine

k subcarrier index

l SC-FDMA symbol index

FFT

data symbol (actual, decided)

data symbol after DFT-precoding

carrier frequency offset between transmitter and receiver (actual, coarse estimate)

residual carrier frequency offset

relative sampling frequency offset

channel transfer function (actual, estimate)

timing estimate (coarse, fine)

number of SC-FDMA data symbols

length of FFT

number of samples in cyclic prefix (guard interval)

number of Nyquist samples

number of allocated subcarriers

k,l

n index of modulated QAM symbol before DFT pre-

k,l

noise sample

coding

common phase error

received sample in the time domain

uncompensated received sample in the frequency domain

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Measurement basics

The LTE uplink analysis measurement application

n,l

T duration of the useful part of an SC-FDMA symbol

4.2 Overview

The digital signal processing (DSP) involves several stages until the software can present results like the EVM.

The contents of this chapter are structured like the DSP.

equalized received symbols of measurement path after IDFT

duration of the guard interval

total duration of SC-FDMA symbol

4.3 The LTE uplink analysis measurement application

The block diagram in Figure 4-1 shows the general structure of the LTE uplink measurement application from the capture buffer containing the I/Q data up to the actual analysis block.

After synchronization a fully compensated signal is produced in the reference path (purple) which is subsequently passed to the equalizer. An IDFT of the equalized symbols yields observations for the QAM transmit symbols a

mates â

are obtained via hard decision. Likewise a user defined compensation as

n,l

well as equalization is carried out in the measurement path (cyan) and after an IDFT the observations of the QAM transmit symbols are provided. Accordingly, the measurement path might still contain impairments which are compensated in the reference path. The symbols of both signal processing paths form the basis for the analysis.

from which the data esti-

n.l

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Measurement basics

The LTE uplink analysis measurement application

Figure 4-1: Block diagram for the LTE UL measurement application

4.3.1 Synchronization

In a first step the areas of sufficient power are identified within the captured I/Q data stream which consists of the receive samples ri. For each area of sufficient power, the

analyzer synchronizes on subframes of the uplink generic frame structure [3]. After this coarse timing estimation, the fractional part as well as the integer part of the carrier frequency offset (CFO) are estimated and compensated. In order to obtain an OFDM demodulation via FFT of length N

lished which refines the coarse timing estimate.

A phase tracking based on the reference SC-FDMA symbols is performed in the frequency domain. The corresponding tracking estimation block provides estimates for

●

the relative sampling frequency offset ζ

●

the residual carrier frequency offset Δf

●

the common phase error Φ

According to references [7] and [8], the uncompensated samples R' ded domain can be stated as

that is not corrupted by ISI, a fine timing is estab-

FFT

res

in the DFT-preco-

k,l

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lTfNNjlkNNjj

lklklk

NeeeHAR

CFOres

resFFTS

SFO

FFTS

CPE



 



 



 





















lnln

EVM

lnlnln

arEVM

,,,



Equation 4-1:

with

●

the DFT precoded data symbol A

●

the channel transfer function H

●

the number of Nyquist samples NS within the total duration TS,

●

the duration of the useful part of the SC-FDMA symbol T=TS-T

●

the independent and Gaussian distributed noise sample N

Within one SC-FDMA symbol, both the CPE and the residual CFO cause the same phase rotation for each subcarrier, while the rotation due to the SFO depends linearly on the subcarrier index. A linear phase increase in symbol direction can be observed for the residual CFO as well as for the SFO.

Measurement basics

The LTE uplink analysis measurement application

on subcarrier k at SC-FDMA symbol l,

k,l

The results of the tracking estimation block are used to compensate the samples R' completely in the reference path and according to the user settings in the measure-

ment path. Thus the signal impairments that are of interest to the user are left uncompensated in the measurement path.

After having decoded the data symbols in the reference path, an additional data-aided phase tracking can be utilized to refine the common phase error estimation.

4.3.2 Analysis

The analysis block of the EUTRA/LTE uplink measurement application allows to compute a variety of measurement variables.

EVM

The most important variable is the error vector magnitude which is defined as

Equation 4-2:

for QAM symbol n before precoding and SC-FDMA symbol l. Since the normalized average power of all possible constellations is 1, the equation can be simplified to

k,l

Equation 4-3:

The average EVM of all data subcarriers is then

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 





101

LB TX

NlN

TXDS

data

EVM

      

tsjQtsItr 

|1|balancegain modulator Q

}1arg{mismatch quadrature Q

 

 











RBS

RBabsolute

RBrelative

ftY

Emissions

112

Equation 4-4:

for NDS SC-FDMA data symbols and the NTX allocated subcarriers.

I/Q imbalance

The I/Q imbalance contained in the continuous received signal r(t) can be written as

Equation 4-5:

where s(t) is the transmit signal and I and Q are the weighting factors describing the I/Q imbalance. We define that I:=1 and Q:=1+ΔQ.

The I/Q imbalance estimation makes it possible to evaluate the

Measurement basics

The LTE uplink analysis measurement application

Equation 4-6:

and the

Equation 4-7:

based on the complex-valued estimate .

Basic in-band emissions measurement

The in-band emissions are a measure of the interference falling into the non-allocated resources blocks.

The relative in-band emissions are given by

Equation 4-8:

where TS is a set |TS| of SC-FDMA symbols with the considered modulation scheme being active within the measurement period, ΔRB is the starting frequency offset between the allocated RB and the measured non-allocated RB (e.g. ΔRB=1 or ΔRB=-1 for the first adjacent RB), c is the lower edge of the allocated BW, and Y(t,f) is the fre-

quency domain signal evaluated for in-band emissions. NRB is the number of allocated RBs .

The basic in-band emissions measurement interval is defined over one slot in the time domain.

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Other measurement variables

Without going into detail, the EUTRA/LTE uplink measurement application additionally provides the following results:

●

Total power

●

Constellation diagram

●

Group delay

●

I/Q offset

●

Crest factor

●

Spectral flatness

4.4 Performing time alignment measurements

The measurement application allows you to perform time alignment measurements between different antennas.

Measurement basics

Performing time alignment measurements

The measurement supports setups of up to two Tx antennas.

The result of the measurement is the time alignment error. The time alignment error is the time offset between a reference antenna (for example antenna 1) and another antenna.

The time alignment error results are summarized in the corresponding result display.

A schematic description of the results is provided in Figure 4-2.

Tx Antenna 1 (Reference)

Time

Tx Antenna 2

LTE Frame Start Indicator

Figure 4-2: Time Alignment Error (2 Tx antennas)

Time Alignment Error

Δ2,1

Time

Test setup

Successful Time Alignment measurements require a correct test setup.

A typical test setup is shown in Figure 4-3.

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Tx Ant 1

DUT

Tx Ant 2

Figure 4-3: Hardware setup

For best measurement result accuracy, it is recommended to use cables of the same length and identical combiners as adders.

In the application, make sure to correctly apply the following settings.

●

Select a reference antenna in the MIMO Configuration dialog box (not "All")

●

Select more than one antenna in the MIMO Configuration dialog box

●

Select Codeword-to-Layer mapping "2/1" or "2/2"

●

Select an Auto Demodulation different to "Subframe Configuration & DMRS"

●

The transmit signals of all available Tx antennas have to be added together

Measurement basics

SRS EVM calculation

FSx

4.5 SRS EVM calculation

In order to calculate an accurate EVM, a channel estimation needs to be done prior to the EVM calculation. However, the channel estimation requires a minimum of two resource elements containing reference symbols on a subcarrier. Depending on the current Channel Estimation Range setting, this means that either at least two reference symbols ("Pilot Only") or one reference symbol and at least one data symbol ("Pilot and Payload") need to be available on the subcarrier the EVM is to be measured.

For PUSCH, PUCCH and PRACH regions, these conditions are normally fulfilled because the DMRS (= Demodulation Reference Signal) is already included. However, the SRS may also be located on subcarriers which do not occupy any other reference symbols (see Figure 4-4).

Figure 4-4: No EVM can be measured for the SRS

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In this case it is not reasonable to calculate an EVM and no SRS EVM value will be displayed for the corresponding subframe.

If the SRS subcarriers contain two DMRS symbols (or one DMRS and one PUSCH for "Pilot and Payload" channel estimation range) the SRS EVM can be measured (see

Figure 4-5).

Measurement basics

SRS EVM calculation

Figure 4-5: The EVM of the complete SRS can be measured

The SRS allocation might cover subcarriers which partly fulfill the conditions mentioned above and partly do not. In this case the EVM value given in the Allocation Summary will be calculated based only on the subcarriers which fulfill the above requirements (see Figure 4-6).

Figure 4-6: The EVM for parts of the SRS can be measured

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5 Configuration

LTE measurements require a special application on the R&S FSV/A, which you activate using the [MODE] key on the front panel.

When you start the LTE application, the R&S FSV/A starts to measure the input signal with the default configuration or the configuration of the last measurement (when you haven't performed a preset since then). After you have started an instance of the LTE application, the application displays the "Meas Config" menu which contains functions to define the characteristics of the signal you are measuring.

Automatic refresh of preview and visualization in dialog boxes after configuration changes

The R&S FSV/A supports you in finding the correct measurement settings quickly and easily - after each change in settings in dialog boxes, the preview and visualization areas are updated immediately and automatically to reflect the changes. Thus, you can see if the setting is appropriate or not before accepting the changes.

Configuration

Configuration overview

Unavailable hardkeys

Note that the [SPAN], [BW], [TRACE], [LINES] and [MKR FUNC] keys have no contents and no function in the LTE application.

● Configuration overview............................................................................................47

● I/Q measurements...................................................................................................49

● Time alignment error measurements...................................................................... 92

● Frequency sweep measurements...........................................................................92

5.1 Configuration overview

Throughout the measurement channel configuration, an overview of the most important currently defined settings is provided in the "Overview". The "Overview" is displayed when you select the "Overview" icon, which is available at the bottom of all softkey menus.

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In addition to the main measurement settings, the "Overview" provides quick access to the main settings dialog boxes. The individual configuration steps are displayed in the order of the data flow. Thus, you can easily configure an entire measurement channel from input over processing to output and analysis by stepping through the dialog boxes as indicated in the "Overview".

Configuration

Configuration overview

In particular, the "Overview" provides quick access to the following configuration dialog boxes (listed in the recommended order of processing):

1. Signal Description

See Chapter 5.2.1, "Signal characteristics", on page 50.

2. Input / Frontend

See Chapter 5.2.11, "Input source configuration", on page 78.

3. Trigger / Signal Capture

See Chapter 5.2.15, "Trigger configuration", on page 86. See Chapter 5.2.14, "Data capture", on page 84

4. Tracking

See Chapter 5.2.16, "Tracking configuration", on page 88.

5. Demodulation

see Chapter 5.2.17, "Signal demodulation", on page 89.

6. Evaluation Range

See Chapter 6.2.2, "Evaluation range", on page 99.

7. Analysis

See Chapter 6, "Analysis", on page 95.

8. Display Configuration

See Chapter 3, "Measurements and result displays", on page 13.

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In addition, the dialog box provides the "Select Measurement" button that serves as a shortcut to select the measurement type.

Note that the "Overview" dialog box for frequency sweep measurement is similar to that of the Spectrum mode.

For more information refer to the documentation of the R&S FSV/A.

To configure settings

► Select any button in the "Overview" to open the corresponding dialog box.

Select a setting in the channel bar (at the top of the measurement channel tab) to change a specific setting.

Preset Channel

Select the "Preset Channel" button in the lower left-hand corner of the "Overview" to restore all measurement settings in the current channel to their default values.

Note: Do not confuse the "Preset Channel" button with the [Preset] key, which restores the entire instrument to its default values and thus closes all channels on the R&S FSV/A (except for the default channel)!

Configuration

I/Q measurements

Remote command:

SYSTem:PRESet:CHANnel[:EXEC] on page 169

Select Measurement

Opens a dialog box to select the type of measurement. For more information about selecting measurements, see Chapter 3.1, "Selecting mea-

surements", on page 13.

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:MEASurement on page 168

Specific Settings for

The channel can contain several windows for different results. Thus, the settings indicated in the "Overview" and configured in the dialog boxes vary depending on the selected window.

Select an active window from the "Specific Settings for" selection list that is displayed in the "Overview" and in all window-specific configuration dialog boxes.

The "Overview" and dialog boxes are updated to indicate the settings for the selected window.

5.2 I/Q measurements

● Signal characteristics.............................................................................................. 50

● Test scenarios.........................................................................................................57

● MIMO configuration.................................................................................................58

● Subframe configuration...........................................................................................59

● Global signal characteristics................................................................................... 64

● Demodulation reference signal configuration..........................................................65

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● Sounding reference signal configuration.................................................................68

● PUSCH structure.....................................................................................................71

● PUCCH structure.................................................................................................... 73

● PRACH structure.....................................................................................................76

● Input source configuration.......................................................................................78

● Frequency configuration..........................................................................................80

● Amplitude configuration...........................................................................................81

● Data capture............................................................................................................84

● Trigger configuration............................................................................................... 86

● Tracking configuration.............................................................................................88

● Signal demodulation................................................................................................89

● Automatic configuration...........................................................................................91

5.2.1 Signal characteristics

Access: "Overview" > "Signal Description" > "Signal Description"

The general signal characteristics contain settings to describe the general physical attributes of the signal.

Configuration

I/Q measurements

Selecting the LTE mode................................................................................................ 51

Carrier Aggregation.......................................................................................................51

└ Basic component carrier configuration............................................................52

└ Features of the I/Q measurements................................................................. 52

└ Features of the time alignment error measurement........................................53

└ Features of the MC ACLR measurement........................................................54

└ Remote commands to configure carrier aggregation......................................54

Channel Bandwidth / Number of Resource Blocks....................................................... 54

Cyclic Prefix.................................................................................................................. 55

Configuring TDD Frames.............................................................................................. 55

└ TDD UL/DL Allocations...................................................................................55

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└ Conf. of Special Subframe..............................................................................56

Configuring the Physical Layer Cell Identity..................................................................56

Operating Band Index................................................................................................... 57

Extreme Conditions.......................................................................................................57

Selecting the LTE mode

The "Mode" selects the LTE standard you are testing. The choices you have depend on the set of options you have installed.

●

Option xxx-K100 enables testing of 3GPP LTE FDD signals on the downlink

●

Option xxx-K101 enables testing of 3GPP LTE FDD signals on the uplink

●

Option xxx-K102 enables testing of 3GPP LTE MIMO signals on the downlink

●

Option xxx-K103 enables testing of 3GPP MIMO signals on the uplink

●

Option xxx-K104 enables testing of 3GPP LTE TDD signals on the downlink

●

Option xxx-K105 enables testing of 3GPP LTE TDD signals on the uplink

●

Option xxx-K106 enables testing of 3GPP LTE NB-IoT TDD signals on the downlink

FDD and TDD are duplexing methods.

●

FDD mode uses different frequencies for the uplink and the downlink.

●

TDD mode uses the same frequency for the uplink and the downlink.

Downlink (DL) and Uplink (UL) describe the transmission path.

●

Downlink is the transmission path from the base station to the user equipment. The physical layer mode for the downlink is always OFDMA.

●

Uplink is the transmission path from the user equipment to the base station. The physical layer mode for the uplink is always SC-FDMA.

The application shows the currently selected LTE mode (including the bandwidth) in the channel bar.

Configuration

I/Q measurements

Remote command: Link direction: CONFigure[:LTE]:LDIRection on page 171 Duplexing mode: CONFigure[:LTE]:DUPLexing on page 171

Carrier Aggregation

Carrier aggregation has been introduced in the LTE standard to increase the bandwidth. In those systems, several carriers can be used to transmit a signal.

Each carrier usually has one of the channel bandwidths defined by 3GPP. The R&S FSV/A features several measurements that support contiguous and non-con-

tiguous intra-band carrier aggregation (the carriers are in the same frequency band).

●

I/Q based measurements (EVM, frequency error, etc.) (downlink)

●

I/Q based measurements (EVM, frequency error, etc.) (uplink)

●

Time alignment error (downlink)

●

Time alignment error (uplink)

●

Cumulative ACLR (downlink, non-contiguous intra-band carrier aggregation)

●

Multi carrier ACLR (downlink, non-contiguous intra-band carrier aggregation)

●

Multi carrier ACLR (uplink, contiguous intra-band carrier aggregation)

●

SEM (downlink, non-contiguous intra-band carrier aggregation)

●

SEM (uplink, contiguous intra-band carrier aggregation)

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The way to configure these measurements is similar (but not identical, the differences are indicated below).

●

"Basic component carrier configuration" on page 52

●

"Features of the I/Q measurements" on page 52

●

"Features of the time alignment error measurement" on page 53

●

"Features of the MC ACLR measurement" on page 54

●

"Remote commands to configure carrier aggregation" on page 54

Basic component carrier configuration ← Carrier Aggregation

The number of component carriers (CCs) you can select depends on the measurement.

●

I/Q based measurements (EVM etc.): up to 5 CCs

●

Time alignment error: up to 2 CCs

●

Multi-carrier ACLR: 2 CCs (fix value)

●

SEM: up to 2 CCs

●

The "Center Frequency" defines the carrier frequency of the carriers.

●

For each carrier, you can select the "Bandwidth" from the corresponding dropdown menu.

●

For all component carriers, the R&S FSV/A also shows the "Frequency Offset" relative to the center frequency of the first carrier.

Note that the application automatically calculates the frequency and offset of the second (or subsequent) carrier according to the specification.

Note that the actual measurement frequency differs from the carrier frequencies: the application calculates that frequency based on the carrier frequencies. It is somewhere in between the carrier frequencies.

The measurement frequency is displayed in the channel bar. Selecting the channel bandwidths of each carrier is possible in two ways.

●

Predefined bandwidth combinations Select a typical combination of channel bandwidths from the dropdown menu. This way, you just have to define the center frequency of the first carrier. The application calculates the rest of the frequency characteristics.

●

User Defined Select "User Defined" from the dropdown menu to test a system with channel bandwidths not in the list of predefined combinations. When you select a user-defined combination, you can select the channel bandwidth for each carrier from the "Bandwidth" dropdown menus.

When the defined carrier configuration is not supported by the application, a corresponding error message is displayed. This can be the case, for example, if the carriers occupy a bandwidth that is too large.

Configuration

I/Q measurements

Features of the I/Q measurements ← Carrier Aggregation

For measurements on component carriers, results are shown for each component carrier separately. The layout of the diagrams is adjusted like this:

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●

The first tab ("All") shows the results for all component carriers.

●

The other tabs ("CC <x>") show the results for each component carrier individually.

The application also shows the "Occupied Bandwidth" of the aggregated carriers and the "Sample Rate" in a read-only field below the carrier configuration.

Configuration

I/Q measurements

The application also allows you to select the location of the local oscillator (LO) in your system. You can thus define if your system uses one LO (for both carriers) or two LOs (one for each carrier). This can be useful if you want to reliably exclude the DC component from the measurement results in both scenarios.

The application supports the following "LO locations".

●

Center of each component carrier

One LO for each carrier that is located at the center frequency of the component carrier. See Basic component carrier configuration for information about how center frequencies are defined.

●

Center of aggregated channel bandwidth

One LO for both carriers that is located at the center of the aggregated carriers.

●

User defined

One LO for both carriers that is not necessarily located at the center of the aggregated carriers. When you select this option, the application opens an input field to define the real "LO Frequency", which you arbitrarily define.

Features of the time alignment error measurement ← Carrier Aggregation

Note that the TAE measurements are possible on one R&S FSV/A only. Therefore the number of devices to measure is always "1".

You can configure additional signal characteristics of the first and second carrier in the "CC1" and "CC2" tabs.

In case you are testing a MIMO DUT, you can also select the number of antennas the DUT supports. When you select "1 Tx Antenna", the application measures the timing difference between two SISO carriers, when you select more than one antenna, it measures the timing difference between the antennas. In that case, you can select the reference antenna from the dropdown menu in the time alignment error result display.

Note that the application shows measurement results for the second component carrier even if only one antenna of the second component carrier is attached (i.e. no combiner is used).

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Features of the MC ACLR measurement ← Carrier Aggregation

The diagram at the bottom of the dialog box represents the current configuration. When you change the bandwidth of a carrier (represented by blue bars), the application adjusts the bandwidth of the carriers in the diagram accordingly.

The characteristics of the neighboring channels in the MC ACLR measurement are defined in 3GPP 36.251 (represented by green bars).

Configuration

I/Q measurements

Remote commands to configure carrier aggregation ← Carrier Aggregation

Remote command: Number of carriers: CONFigure[:LTE]:NOCC on page 220 Carrier frequency: [SENSe:]FREQuency:CENTer[:CC<cc>] on page 201 Measurement frequency: SENSe:FREQuency:CENTer? Offset: [SENSe:]FREQuency:CENTer[:CC<cc>]:OFFSet on page 202 Channel bandwidth: CONFigure[:LTE]:UL:CABW on page 221 Channel bandwidth: CONFigure[:LTE]:UL[:CC<cc>]:BW on page 171 Number of devices: CONFigure[:LTE]:NDEVices on page 221 LO location: [SENSe:][LTE:]UL:DEMod:LOLocation on page 177 LO frequency: [SENSe:][LTE:]UL:DEMod:LOFRequency on page 176

Channel Bandwidth / Number of Resource Blocks

Specifies the channel bandwidth and number of resource blocks (RB). The channel bandwidth and number of resource blocks (RB) are interdependent. Cur-

rently, the LTE standard recommends six bandwidths (see table below). The application also calculates the FFT size, sampling rate, occupied bandwidth and

occupied carriers from the channel bandwidth. Those are read only.

Channel Bandwidth [MHz] 1.4 20151053

Number of Resource Blocks 6 10075502515

Sample Rate [MHz] 1.92 30.7230.7215.367.683.84

FFT Size 128 204820481024512256

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For more information about configuring aggregated carriers, see "Carrier Aggregation" on page 51.

The application shows the currently selected LTE mode (including the bandwidth) in the channel bar.

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL[:CC<cc>]:BW on page 171

Cyclic Prefix

The cyclic prefix serves as a guard interval between OFDM symbols to avoid interferences. The standard specifies two cyclic prefix modes with a different length each.

The cyclic prefix mode defines the number of OFDM symbols in a slot.

●

Normal A slot contains 7 OFDM symbols.

●

Extended A slot contains 6 OFDM symbols. The extended cyclic prefix is able to cover larger cell sizes with higher delay spread of the radio channel.

●

Auto The application automatically detects the cyclic prefix mode in use.

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL[:CC<cc>]:CYCPrefix on page 172

Configuration

I/Q measurements

Configuring TDD Frames

TDD frames contain both uplink and downlink information separated in time with every subframe being responsible for either uplink or downlink transmission. The standard specifies several subframe configurations or resource allocations for TDD systems.

TDD UL/DL Allocations ← Configuring TDD Frames

Selects the configuration of the subframes in a radio frame in TDD systems. The UL/DL configuration (or allocation) defines the way each subframe is used: for

uplink, downlink or if it is a special subframe. The standard specifies seven different configurations.

Configuration

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

0 987654321 D D D D D D D

S S S S S S S

Subframe Number and Usage

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)2()1(

IDID

cell ID

NNN 

U = uplink D = downlink S = special subframe

Remote command: Subframe: CONFigure[:LTE]:UL[:CC<cc>]:TDD:UDConf on page 173

Conf. of Special Subframe ← Configuring TDD Frames

In combination with the cyclic prefix, the special subframes serve as guard periods for switches from uplink to downlink. They contain three parts or fields.

●

DwPTS The DwPTS is the downlink part of the special subframe. It is used to transmit downlink data.

●

GP The guard period makes sure that there are no overlaps of up- and downlink signals during a switch.

●

UpPTS The UpPTS is the uplink part of the special subframe. It is used to transmit uplink data.

The length of the three fields is variable. This results in several possible configurations of the special subframe. The LTE standard defines 10 different configurations for the special subframe. However, configurations 8 and 9 only work for a normal cyclic prefix.

If you select configurations 8 or 9 using an extended cyclic prefix or automatic detection of the cyclic prefix, the application will show an error message.

Remote command: Special subframe: CONFigure[:LTE]:UL[:CC<cc>]:TDD:SPSC on page 173

Configuration

I/Q measurements

Configuring the Physical Layer Cell Identity

The "Cell ID", "Cell Identity Group" and physical layer "Identity" are interdependent parameters. In combination, they are responsible for synchronization between network and user equipment.

The physical layer cell ID identifies a particular radio cell in the LTE network. The cell identities are divided into 168 unique cell identity groups. Each group consists of 3 physical layer identities. According to:

(1)

= cell identity group, {0...167}

(2)

= physical layer identity, {0...2}

there is a total of 504 different cell IDs. If you change one of these three parameters, the application automatically updates the

other two. The cell ID determines:

●

The reference signal grouping hopping pattern

●

The reference signal sequence hopping

●

The PUSCH demodulation reference signal pseudo-random sequence

●

The cyclic shifts for PUCCH formats 1/1a/1b and sequences for PUCCH formats 2/2a/2b

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●

The pseudo-random sequence used for scrambling

●

The pseudo-random sequence used for type 2 PUSCH frequency hopping

It is possible to select a separate "Identity" for Demodulation Reference Signal, PUSCH and PUCCH allocations from the "Identity" property in the "Advanced Signal Characteristics". When you select "From Cell ID", the "Identity" for the DMRS, PUSCH and PUCCH is the same as the Cell ID.

Remote command: Cell ID: CONFigure[:LTE]:UL[:CC<cc>]:PLC:CID on page 172 Cell Identity Group: CONFigure[:LTE]:UL[:CC<cc>]:PLC:CIDGroup on page 173 Identity: CONFigure[:LTE]:UL[:CC<cc>]:PLC:PLID on page 173 Identity (DRS): CONFigure[:LTE]:UL[:CC<cc>]:DRS:PLID on page 185 Identity (PUCCH): CONFigure[:LTE]:UL[:CC<cc>]:PUCCh:PLID on page 195 Identity (PUSCH): CONFigure[:LTE]:UL[:CC<cc>]:PUSCh:PLID on page 192

Operating Band Index

Selects one of the 40 operating bands for spectrum flatness measurements as defined in TS 36.101.

The operating band defines the frequency band and the dedicated duplex mode. Remote command:

[SENSe:][LTE:][CC<cc>:]SFLatness:OBANd on page 176

Configuration

I/Q measurements

Extreme Conditions

Turns extreme conditions on and off. If you turn the extreme conditions on, the R&S FSV/A adjusts the limits for the limit

check of the spectrum flatness evaluation. Remote command:

[SENSe:][LTE:][CC<cc>:]SFLatness:ECONditions on page 176

5.2.2 Test scenarios

Access: "Overview" > "Signal Description" > "Test Models"

Test scenarios are descriptions of specific LTE signals for standardized testing of DUTs. These test scenarios are stored in .allocation files. You can select, manage and create test scenarios in the "Test Models" dialog box.

User defined test scenarios

User defined test scenarios are custom signal descriptions for standardized measurements that you can save and restore as you like. To create a custom test scenario, describe a signal as required and then save it with the corresponding button. The R&S FSV/A stores custom scenarios in .allocation files.

If you do not need test scenarios any longer, you can also delete them. Remote command:

Save: MMEMory:STORe<n>[:CC<cc>]:DEModsetting on page 175 Restore: MMEMory:LOAD[:CC<cc>]:DEModsetting on page 175

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5.2.3 MIMO configuration

Access: "Overview" > "Signal Description" > "MIMO / CA Setup"

The MIMO Configuration contains settings to configure MIMO test setups.

Configuration

I/Q measurements

Configuring component carriers

When you are doing measurements on aggregated carriers, you can configure each carrier separately.

When available, each carrier in the dialog boxes is represented by an additional tab labeled "CC<x>", with <x> indicating the number of the component carrier.

Note that the additional tabs are only added to the user interface after you have selected more than "1" component carrier.

MIMO Configuration......................................................................................................58

Input Source Configuration Table..................................................................................59

MIMO Configuration

Selects the antenna configuration and test conditions for a MIMO system. The MIMO configuration selects the number of transmit antennas for selected chan-

nels in the system. In setups with multiple antennas, the antenna selection defines the antenna you'd like

to test. Note that as soon as you have selected a transmission on more than one antenna for one of the channels, the corresponding number of antennas becomes available for testing.

Antenna 1 Tests antenna 1 only.

Antenna 2 Tests antenna 2 only.

Antenna 3 Tests antenna 3 only.

Antenna 4 Tests antenna 4 only.

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Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL[:CC<cc>]:MIMO:ASELection on page 177

Input Source Configuration Table

not supported

5.2.4 Subframe configuration

Access: "Overview" > "Signal Description" > "Subframe Configuration"

An LTE frame consists of 10 subframes. Each individual subframe can have a different resource block configuration. This configuration is shown in the "Subframe Configuration Table".

The application supports two ways to determine the characteristics of each subframe.

●

Automatic demodulation of the channel configuration and detection of the subframe characteristics. For automatic demodulation, the contents of the table are determined according to the signal currently evaluated. For more information, see "Auto Demodulation" on page 60.

●

Custom configuration of the configuration of each subframe. For manual configuration, you can customize the table according to the signal that you expect. The signal is demodulated even if the signal does not fit the description in the table or, for Physical Detection, only if the frame fits the description in the table. Remote command: Conf. subframes: CONFigure[:LTE]:UL[:CC<cc>]:CSUBframes on page 178

Configuration

I/Q measurements

Frame number offset

A frame number offset is also supported. The frame number offset assigns a number to the demodulated frame in order to identify it in a series of transmitted (and captured) frames. You can define this frame in the Global Settings.

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Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL[:CC<cc>]:SFNO on page 183

● General subframe configuration..............................................................................60

● Individual subframe configuration........................................................................... 61

● Enhanced settings...................................................................................................62

5.2.4.1 General subframe configuration

Auto Demodulation........................................................................................................60

Subframe Configuration Detection................................................................................60

Auto Demodulation

Turns automatic demodulation on and off. When you select "Predefined" mode, you can configure the subframe manually. When you select "Auto" mode, the R&S FSV/A automatically detects the characteris-

tics of each subframe in the signal (resource allocation of the signal). Two methods of detection are supported:

●

Auto Demodulation, DMRS Auto Detection (Off) This method automatically determines the characteristics for each subframe as shown in the Subframe Configuration Table. The table is populated accordingly.

●

Subframe Configuration & DMRS Auto Demodulation, DMRS Auto Detection (On) This method automatically detects the PUSCH and SRS (i.e. no PUCCH can be detected). To determine these characteristics, the software detects the CAZAC base parameters. Thus, the DMRS configuration parameters are not required for the synchronization and therefore are not available using this method. Note however that it is not possible to derive the DMRS configuration parameters from the CAZAC base parameters so that the disabled DMRS configuration parameters do not reflect the current parameters used for the synchronization. Also note that it can happen that the software successfully synchronizes on non-3GPP signals without a warning.

Automatic demodulation is not available if you suppress interferers for synchronization is active.

Remote command:

[SENSe:][LTE:]UL:DEMod:ACON on page 182

Configuration

I/Q measurements

Subframe Configuration Detection

Turns the detection of the subframe configuration on and off. When you select "Physical Detection", the R&S FSV/A compares the currently

demodulated LTE frame to the subframe configuration you have defined in the table. The application only analyzes the LTE frame if the signal is consistent with the configuration.

When you turn the feature "Off", the software analyzes the signal even if it is not consistent with the current subframe configuration.

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Subframe configuration detection is available if you are using a Predefined subframe configuration.

Remote command:

[SENSe:][LTE:]UL:FORMat:SCD on page 183

5.2.4.2 Individual subframe configuration

The "Subframe Configuration Table" contains the characteristics for each subframe. The software supports a maximum uplink LTE frame size of 10 subframes. The subframe number in the table depends on the number of "Configurable Subframes" that you have defined or that have been detected for automatic demodulation.

Configuration

I/Q measurements

Each row of the table represents one subframe. If the fields in a row are unavailable for editing, the corresponding subframe is occupied by a downlink subframe or the special subframe (in TDD systems).

Configuring component carriers

When you are doing measurements on aggregated carriers, you can configure each carrier separately.

When available, each carrier in the dialog boxes is represented by an additional tab labeled "CC<x>", with <x> indicating the number of the component carrier.

Note that the additional tabs are only added to the user interface after you have selected more than "1" component carrier.

Subframe Number.........................................................................................................61

Enable PUCCH............................................................................................................. 61

Enable PUSCH............................................................................................................. 62

Modulation.....................................................................................................................62

Enhanced Settings........................................................................................................62

Number of RB............................................................................................................... 62

Offset RB.......................................................................................................................62

Subframe Number

Shows the number of a subframe. Note that, depending on the TDD configuration, some subframes may not be available

for editing. The R&S FSV/A labels those subframes "(not used)".

Enable PUCCH

Turns the PUCCH in the corresponding subframe on and off.

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Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL[:CC<cc>]:SUBFrame<sf>:ALLoc:CONT on page 178

Enable PUSCH

Turns the PUSCH in the corresponding subframe on and off. If you turn on a PUSCH, "Modulation", "Number of RBs" and "Offset RB" become avail-

able. Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL[:CC<cc>]:SUBFrame<sf>:ALLoc:CONT on page 178

Modulation

Selects the modulation scheme for the corresponding PUSCH allocation. The modulation scheme is either QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM or 256QAM. Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL[:CC<cc>]:SUBFrame<sf>:ALLoc:MODulation

on page 179

Configuration

I/Q measurements

Enhanced Settings

Opens a dialog box to configure enhanced functionality for selected channels in each subframe.

For more information see Enhanced settings.

Number of RB

Sets the number of resource blocks the PUSCH allocation covers. The number of resource blocks defines the size or bandwidth of the PUSCH allocation.

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL[:CC<cc>]:SUBFrame<sf>:ALLoc[:CLUSter<cl>]: RBCount on page 182

Offset RB

Sets the resource block at which the PUSCH allocation begins. Make sure not to allocate PUSCH allocations into regions reserved for PUCCH alloca-

tions. Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL[:CC<cc>]:SUBFrame<sf>:ALLoc[:CLUSter<cl>]: RBOFfset on page 182

5.2.4.3 Enhanced settings

The "Enhanced Settings" contain functionality to define enhanced characteristics for selected channels.

Enhanced PUSCH Configuration..................................................................................63

Enhanced Demodulation Reference Signal Configuration............................................63

Enhanced PUCCH Configuration..................................................................................64

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Enhanced PUSCH Configuration

Configures the PUSCH in individual subframes.

Resource Allocation Type 1

Turns a clustered PUSCH allocation on and off. If on, a second row is added to the corresponding allocation. This second row represents the second cluster.

You can define the number of resource block, the offset resource block and modulation for each cluster. All other parameters are the same for both clusters.

Precoding Settings

If you measure several antennas, you can define the number of layers and the codebook index for any allocation.

The number of layers of an allocation in combination with the number of code words determines the layer mapping. The available number of layers depends on the number of transmission antennas. Thus, the maximum number of layers you can select is four.

The codebook index determines the precoding matrix. The available number of indices depends on the number of transmission antennas in use. The range is from 0 to 23.

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL[:CC<cc>]:SUBFrame<sf>:ALLoc:RATO on page 181 CONFigure[:LTE]:UL[:CC<cc>]:SUBFrame<sf>:ALLoc:PRECoding: CLMapping on page 179 CONFigure[:LTE]:UL[:CC<cc>]:SUBFrame<sf>:ALLoc:PRECoding:CBINdex

on page 179

Configuration

I/Q measurements

Enhanced Demodulation Reference Signal Configuration

Configures the Demodulation Reference Signal in individual subframes.

n(2)_DMRS

Defines the part of the demodulation reference signal index that is part of the uplink scheduling assignment. Thus, this part of the index is valid for corresponding UE and subframe only.

The index applies when multiple shifts within a cell are used. It is used for the calculation of the DMRS sequence.

Cyclic Shift Field

If Activate-DMRS-With OCC is on, the "Cyclic Shift Field" becomes available to define the cyclic shift field.

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The Cyclic Shift Field is signaled by the PDCCH downlink channel in DCI format 0 and

4. It selects n(2)_DMRS and the orthogonal sequence (OCC) for signals according to LTE release 10.

If the "Cyclic Shift Field" is off, the demodulation reference signal is configured by the n(2)_DMRS parameter.

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL[:CC<cc>]:SUBFrame<sf>:ALLoc:PUSCh:NDMRs

on page 181

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL[:CC<cc>]:SUBFrame<sf>:ALLoc:PUSCh:CSField

on page 180

Enhanced PUCCH Configuration

Configures the PUCCH in individual subframes.

n_PUCCH

Defines the n_PUCCH parameter for the selected subframe. Available only if you have selected "Per Subframe" for the N_PUCCH.

PUCCH Format

Selects the PUCCH format for the selected subframe. Available only if you have selected "Per Subframe" for the Format. Remote command:

n_PUCCH: CONFigure[:LTE]:UL[:CC<cc>]:SUBFrame<sf>:ALLoc:PUCCh:

NPAR on page 180

Format: CONFigure[:LTE]:UL[:CC<cc>]:SUBFrame<sf>:ALLoc:PUCCh:

FORMat on page 180

Configuration

I/Q measurements

5.2.5 Global signal characteristics

Access: "Overview" > "Signal Description" > "Advanced Settings" > "Global Settings"

The global settings contain settings that apply to the complete signal.

The global signal settings are part of the "Advanced Settings" tab of the "Signal Description" dialog box.

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Configuring component carriers

When you are doing measurements on aggregated carriers, you can configure each carrier separately.

When available, each carrier in the dialog boxes is represented by an additional tab labeled "CC<x>", with <x> indicating the number of the component carrier.

Note that the additional tabs are only added to the user interface after you have selected more than "1" component carrier.

Configuration

I/Q measurements

Frame Number Offset....................................................................................................65

UE ID/n_RNTI............................................................................................................... 65

Frame Number Offset

Defines a frame number offset for the analyzed frame. The frame number offset assigns a number to the demodulated frame in order to iden-

tify it in a series of transmitted (and captured) frames. Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL[:CC<cc>]:SFNO on page 183

UE ID/n_RNTI

Sets the radio network temporary identifier (RNTI) of the UE. Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL[:CC<cc>]:UEID on page 183

5.2.6 Demodulation reference signal configuration

Access: "Overview" > "Signal Description" > "Advanced Settings" > "Demodulation

Reference Signal"

The demodulation reference signal (DRS) settings contain settings that define the physical attributes and structure of the demodulation reference signal. This reference signal helps to demodulate the PUSCH.

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Functions to configure the DRS described elsewhere:

●

Identity

Configuration

I/Q measurements

Configuring component carriers

When you are doing measurements on aggregated carriers, you can configure each carrier separately.

When available, each carrier in the dialog boxes is represented by an additional tab labeled "CC<x>", with <x> indicating the number of the component carrier.

Note that the additional tabs are only added to the user interface after you have selected more than "1" component carrier.

Relative Power PUSCH................................................................................................ 66

Group Hopping..............................................................................................................67

Sequence Hopping........................................................................................................67

Relative Power PUCCH................................................................................................ 67

n(1)_DMRS................................................................................................................... 67

Delta Sequence Shift.................................................................................................... 67

Activate-DMRS-With OCC............................................................................................ 68

Relative Power PUSCH

Defines the power of the DMRS relative to the power level of the PUSCH allocation in the corresponding subframe (P

DMRS_Offset

The effective power level of the DMRS depends on the allocation of the subframe and is calculated as follows.

DMRS

= PUE + P

PUSCH

+ P

DMRS_Offset

The relative power of the DMRS is applied to all subframes. The power of the PUSCH (P

) may be different in each subframe.

PUSCH

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL[:CC<cc>]:DRS[:PUSCh]:POWer on page 186

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Group Hopping

Turns group hopping for the demodulation reference signal on and off. The group hopping pattern is based on 17 hopping patterns and 30 sequence shift pat-

terns. It is generated by a pseudo-random sequence generator. If on, PUSCH and PUCCH use the same group hopping pattern. Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL[:CC<cc>]:DRS:GRPHopping on page 185

Sequence Hopping

Turns sequence hopping for the uplink demodulation reference signal on and off. Sequence hopping is generated by a pseudo-random sequence generator. Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL[:CC<cc>]:DRS:SEQHopping on page 186

Relative Power PUCCH

Defines the power of the DMRS relative to the power level of the PUCCH allocation in the corresponding subframe (P

The effective power level of the DMRS depends on the allocation of the subframe and is calculated as follows.

= PUE + P

DMRS

The relative power of the DMRS is applied to all subframes. The power of the PUCCH (P

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL[:CC<cc>]:DRS:PUCCh:POWer on page 186

PUCCH

+ P

DMRS_Offset

PUCCH

Configuration

I/Q measurements

) may be different in each subframe.

n(1)_DMRS

Defines the part of the demodulation reference signal index that is broadcast. It is valid for the whole cell.

The index applies when multiple shifts within a cell are used. It is used for the calculation of the DMRS sequence.

The n_DMRS parameter can be found in 3GPP TS36.211 V8.5.0, 5.5.2.1.1 Reference signal sequence.

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL[:CC<cc>]:DRS:NDMRs on page 185

Delta Sequence Shift

Defines the delta sequence shift ΔSS. The standard defines a sequence shift pattern fss for the PUCCH. The corresponding

sequence shift pattern for the PUSCH is a function of f

PUCCH

and the delta sequence

shift. For more information refer to 3GPP TS 36.211, chapter 5.5.1.3 "Group Hopping". Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL[:CC<cc>]:DRS:DSSHift on page 184

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Activate-DMRS-With OCC

Turns the configuration of the demodulation reference signal on a subframe basis via the "Cyclic Shift Field" on and off.

If on, the "Cyclic Shift Field" becomes available. Otherwise, the demodulation reference signal is configured by the n(2)_DMRS parameter.

Note that this parameter is automatically turned on if at least one of the physical channels uses more than one antenna.

For more information see Enhanced settings and MIMO Configuration. Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL[:CC<cc>]:DRS:AOCC on page 184

5.2.7 Sounding reference signal configuration

Access: "Overview" > "Signal Description" > "Advanced Settings" > "Sounding Refer-

ence Signal"

The sounding reference signal (SRS) settings contain settings that define the physical attributes and structure of the sounding reference signal.

Configuration

I/Q measurements

Configuring component carriers

When you are doing measurements on aggregated carriers, you can configure each carrier separately.

When available, each carrier in the dialog boxes is represented by an additional tab labeled "CC<x>", with <x> indicating the number of the component carrier.

Note that the additional tabs are only added to the user interface after you have selected more than "1" component carrier.

Present..........................................................................................................................69

SRS Subframe Configuration........................................................................................69

SRS MaxUpPts............................................................................................................. 69

SRS Bandwidth B_SRS................................................................................................ 69

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Hopping BW b_hop.......................................................................................................70

SRS Cyclic Shift N_CS................................................................................................. 70

SRS Rel Power............................................................................................................. 70

SRS BW Conf. C_SRS................................................................................................. 70

Conf. Index I_SRS........................................................................................................ 70

Transm. Comb. k_TC....................................................................................................71

Freq. Domain Pos. n_RRC........................................................................................... 71

A/N + SRS Simultaneous TX........................................................................................ 71

Present

Includes or excludes the sounding reference signal (SRS) from the test setup. Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL[:CC<cc>]:SRS:STAT on page 190

SRS Subframe Configuration

Defines the subframe configuration of the SRS. The subframe configuration of the SRS is specific to a cell. The UE sends a shortened

PUCCH/PUSCH in these subframes, regardless of whether the UE is configured to send an SRS in the corresponding subframe or not.

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL[:CC<cc>]:SRS:SUConfig on page 190

Configuration

I/Q measurements

SRS MaxUpPts

Turns the parameter srs_MaxUpPts on and off. srs_MaxUpPts controls the SRS transmission in the UpPTS field in TDD systems. If

on, the SRS is transmitted in a frequency range of the UpPTS field that does not overlap with resources reserved for PRACH preamble 4 transmissions.

To avoid an overlap, the number of SRS resource blocks otherwise determined by C_SRS and B_SRS is reconfigured.

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL[:CC<cc>]:SRS:MUPT on page 189

SRS Bandwidth B_SRS

Defines the parameter B B

is a UE specific parameter that defines the bandwidth of the SRS. The SRS either

SRS

spans the entire frequency bandwidth or uses frequency hopping when several narrowband SRS cover the same total bandwidth.

The standard defines up to four bandwidths for the SRS. The most narrow SRS bandwidth (B

The other three values of B

= 3) spans four resource blocks and is available for all channel bandwidths.

SRS

define more wideband SRS bandwidths. Their availabil-

SRS

ity depends on the channel bandwidth. The availability of SRS bandwidths additionally depends on the bandwidth configura-

tion of the SRS (C

SRS

For more information refer to 3GPP TS 36.211, chapter 5.5.3.2 "Mapping to Physical Resources" for the Sounding Reference Signal.

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Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL[:CC<cc>]:SRS:BSRS on page 188

Hopping BW b_hop

Defines the parameter b b

is a UE specific parameter that defines the frequency hopping bandwidth. SRS fre-

hop

quency hopping is active if b For more information refer to 3GPP TS 36.211, chapter 5.5.3.2 "Mapping to Physical

Resources" for the Sounding Reference Signal. Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL[:CC<cc>]:SRS:BHOP on page 187

SRS Cyclic Shift N_CS

Defines the cyclic shift (nCS) used for the generation of the SRS CAZAC sequence. Because the different shifts of the same Zadoff-Chu sequence are orthogonal to each

other, applying different SRS cyclic shifts can be used to schedule different UE to simultaneously transmit their SRS.

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL[:CC<cc>]:SRS:CYCS on page 188

hop

Configuration

I/Q measurements

hop

< B

SRS

SRS Rel Power

Defines the power of the SRS relative to the power of the corresponding UE (P

set

SRS_Off-

The effective power level of the SRS is calculated as follows. P

= PUE + P

SRS

SRS_Offset

The relative power of the SRS is applied to all subframes. Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL[:CC<cc>]:SRS:POWer on page 189

SRS BW Conf. C_SRS

Defines the bandwidth configuration of the SRS. The bandwidth configuration is a cell-specific parameter that, in combination with the

SRS bandwidth and the channel bandwidth, defines the length of the sounding reference signal sequence. For more information on the calculation, refer to 3GPP TS

36.211 chapter 5.5.3 "Sounding Reference Signal". Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL[:CC<cc>]:SRS:CSRS on page 188

Conf. Index I_SRS

Defines the configuration index of the SRS. The configuration index I

dicity (T on T

) and the SRS subframe offset (T

SRS

and T

depends on the duplexing mode.

offset

is a cell specific parameter that determines the SRS perio-

SRS

). The effects of the configuration index

offset

For more information refer to 3GPP TS 36.213, Table 8.2-1 (FDD) and 8.2-2 (TDD).

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Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL[:CC<cc>]:SRS:ISRS on page 188

Transm. Comb. k_TC

Defines the transmission comb kTC. The transmission comb. is a UE specific parameter. For more information refer to

3GPP TS 36.211, chapter 5.5.3.2 "Mapping to Physical Resources" for the Sounding Reference Signal.

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL[:CC<cc>]:SRS:TRComb on page 190

Freq. Domain Pos. n_RRC

Defines the parameter n n

is a UE specific parameter and determines the starting physical resource block of

RRC

the SRS transmission. For more information refer to 3GPP TS 36.211, chapter 5.5.3.2 "Mapping to Physical

Resources" for the Sounding Reference Signal. Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL[:CC<cc>]:SRS:NRRC on page 189

RRC

Configuration

I/Q measurements

A/N + SRS Simultaneous TX

Turns simultaneous transmission of the Sounding Reference Signal (SRS) and ACK/ NACK messages (via PUCCH) on and off.

By turning the parameter on, you allow for simultaneous transmission of PUCCH and SRS in the same subframe.

If off, the SRS not transmitted in the subframe for which you have configured simultaneous transmission of PUCCH and SRS.

Note that simultaneous transmission of SRS and PUCCH is available only if the PUCCH format is either 1, 1a, 1b or 3. The other PUCCH formats contain CQI reports which are not transmitted with the SRS.

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL[:CC<cc>]:SRS:ANST on page 187

5.2.8 PUSCH structure

Access: "Overview" > "Signal Description" > "Advanced Settings" > "PUSCH Struc-

ture"

The PUSCH structure settings contain settings that describe the physical attributes and structure of the PUSCH.

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Functions to configure the PUSCH described elsewhere:

●

Identity

Configuration

I/Q measurements

Configuring component carriers

When you are doing measurements on aggregated carriers, you can configure each carrier separately.

When available, each carrier in the dialog boxes is represented by an additional tab labeled "CC<x>", with <x> indicating the number of the component carrier.

Note that the additional tabs are only added to the user interface after you have selected more than "1" component carrier.

Frequency Hopping Mode.............................................................................................72

Number of Subbands.................................................................................................... 72

PUSCH Hopping Offset.................................................................................................73

Info. in Hopping Bits......................................................................................................73

Frequency Hopping Mode

Selects the frequency hopping mode of the PUSCH. Several hopping modes are supported.

●

None No frequency hopping.

●

Inter Subframe Hopping PUSCH changes the frequency from one subframe to another.

●

Intra Subframe Hopping PUSCH also changes the frequency within a subframe.

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL[:CC<cc>]:PUSCh:FHMode on page 191

Number of Subbands

Defines the number of subbands reserved for PUSCH. For more information refer to 3GPP TS 36.211, chapter 5.5.3.2 "Mapping to Physical

Resources" for the Sounding Reference Signal.

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Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL[:CC<cc>]:PUSCh:NOSM on page 192

PUSCH Hopping Offset

Defines the PUSCH Hopping Offset N The PUSCH Hopping Offset determines the first physical resource block and the maxi-

mum number of physical resource blocks available for PUSCH transmission if PUSCH frequency hopping is active.

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL[:CC<cc>]:PUSCh:FHOFfset on page 191

Info. in Hopping Bits

Defines the information available in the hopping bits according to the PDCCH DCI format 0 hopping bit definition.

The information in the hopping bits determines whether type 1 or type 2 hopping is used in the subframe and, in case of type 1, additionally determines the exact hopping function to use.

For more information on PUSCH frequency hopping refer to 3GPP TS36.213. Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL[:CC<cc>]:PUSCh:FHOP:IIHB on page 192

Configuration

I/Q measurements

5.2.9 PUCCH structure

Access: "Overview" > "Signal Description" > "Advanced Settings" > "PUCCH Struc-

ture"

The PUCCH structure settings contain settings that describe the physical attributes and structure of the PUCCH.

Functions to configure the PUCCH described elsewhere:

●

Identity

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Configuring component carriers

When you are doing measurements on aggregated carriers, you can configure each carrier separately.

When available, each carrier in the dialog boxes is represented by an additional tab labeled "CC<x>", with <x> indicating the number of the component carrier.

Note that the additional tabs are only added to the user interface after you have selected more than "1" component carrier.

No. of RBs for PUCCH..................................................................................................74

N(1)_cs..........................................................................................................................74

Delta Shift......................................................................................................................74

Format...........................................................................................................................75

N(2)_RB........................................................................................................................ 75

N_PUCCH.....................................................................................................................75

No. of RBs for PUCCH

Defines the number of resource blocks reserved for PUCCH. The resource blocks for PUCCH are always allocated at the edges of the LTE spec-

trum. In case of an even number of PUCCH resource blocks, half of the available PUCCH

resource blocks is allocated on the lower, the other half on the upper edge of the LTE spectrum (outermost resource blocks).

In case of an odd number of PUCCH resource blocks, the number of resource blocks on the lower edge is one resource block larger than the number of resource blocks on the upper edge of the LTE spectrum.

If you select the "Auto" menu item, the application automatically detects the number of RBs.

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL[:CC<cc>]:PUCCh:NORB on page 194

Configuration

I/Q measurements

N(1)_cs

Defines the number of cyclic shifts used for PUCCH format 1/1a/1b in a resource block used for a combination of the formats 1/1a/1b and 2/2a/2b.

Only one resource block per slot can support a combination of the PUCCH formats 1/1a/1b and 2/2a/2b.

The number of cyclic shifts available for PUCCH format 2/2a/2b N(2)_cs in a block with combination of PUCCH formats is calculated as follows.

N(2)_cs = 12 - N(1)_cs - 2 For more information refer to 3GPP TS36.211, chapter 5.4 "Physical Uplink Control

Channel". Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL[:CC<cc>]:PUCCh:N1CS on page 194

Delta Shift

Defines the delta shift parameter.

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The delta shift is the difference between two adjacent PUCCH resource indices with the same orthogonal cover sequence (OC).

It determines the number of available sequences in a resource block that can be used for PUCCH formats 1/1a/1b.

For more information refer to 3GPP TS36.211, chapter 5.4 "Physical Uplink Control Channel".

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL[:CC<cc>]:PUCCh:DESHift on page 193

Format

Selects the format of the PUCCH. You can define the PUCCH format for all subframes or define the PUCCH format for

each subframe individually.

●

F1, F1a, F1b, F2, F2a, F2b, F3 Selects the PUCCH format globally for every subframe.

●

Per Subframe You can select the PUCCH format for each subframe separately in the Enhanced

settings of the "Subframe Configuration".

Note that formats F2a and F2b are only supported for normal cyclic prefix length. For more information refer to 3GPP TS36.211, table 5.4-1 "Supported PUCCH For-

mats". Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL[:CC<cc>]:PUCCh:FORMat on page 193

Configuration

I/Q measurements

N(2)_RB

Defines bandwidth in terms of resource blocks that are reserved for PUCCH formats 2/2a/2b transmission in each subframe.

Since there can be only one resource block per slot that supports a combination of the PUCCH formats 1/1a/1b and 2/2a/2b, the number of resource block(s) per slot available for PUCCH format 1/1a/1b is determined by N(2)_RB.

For more information refer to 3GPP TS36.211, chapter 5.4 "Physical Uplink Control Channel".

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL[:CC<cc>]:PUCCh:N2RB on page 194

N_PUCCH

Defines the resource index for PUCCH format 1/1a/1b respectively 2/2a/2b. You can select the PUCCH format manually or allow the application to determine the

PUCCH format automatically based on the measurement. It is also possible to define N

on a subframe level by selecting the "Per Subframe"

PUCCH

menu item. For more information see Chapter 5.2.4, "Subframe configuration", on page 59.

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL[:CC<cc>]:PUCCh:NPAR on page 195

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5.2.10 PRACH structure

Access: "Overview" > "Signal Description" > "Advanced Settings" > "PRACH Struc-

ture"

The PRACH structure settings contain settings that describe the physical attributes and structure of the PRACH.

Configuration

I/Q measurements

Configuring component carriers

When you are doing measurements on aggregated carriers, you can configure each carrier separately.

When available, each carrier in the dialog boxes is represented by an additional tab labeled "CC<x>", with <x> indicating the number of the component carrier.

Note that the additional tabs are only added to the user interface after you have selected more than "1" component carrier.

PRACH Configuration................................................................................................... 76

Restricted Set................................................................................................................76

Frequency Offset...........................................................................................................77

PRACH Preamble Mapping.......................................................................................... 77

Ncs Conf....................................................................................................................... 77

Logical Root Sequ. Idx..................................................................................................77

Sequence Index (v).......................................................................................................77

PRACH Configuration

Sets the PRACH configuration index as defined in the 3GPP TS 36.211, i.e. defines the subframes in which random access preamble transmission is allowed.

The preamble format is automatically derived from the PRACH Configuration. Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL[:CC<cc>]:PRACh:CONF on page 196

Restricted Set

This command turns the restricted preamble set on and off.

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A restricted preamble set corresponds to high speed mode. An unrestricted preamble set to normal mode.

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL[:CC<cc>]:PRACh:RSET on page 198

Frequency Offset

The "Frequency Offset" defines the PRACH frequency offset for preamble formats 0 to 3 as defined in the 3GPP TS 36.211. The frequency offset determines the first physical resource block available for PRACH expressed as a physical resource block number.

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL[:CC<cc>]:PRACh:FOFFset on page 196

PRACH Preamble Mapping

The frequency resource index fRA and the half frame indicator t1RA are necessary for clear specification of the physical resource mapping of the PRACH, in case a PRACH

configuration index has more than one mapping alternative. If you turn on the "Auto Preamble Mapping", the R&S FSV/A automatically detects f

and t1RA.

Configuration

I/Q measurements

The values for both parameters are defined in table '5.7.1-4: Frame structure type 2 random access preamble mapping in time and frequency' (3GPP TS 36.211 v10.2.0).

The frequency resource index and half frame indicator are available in TDD mode. Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL[:CC<cc>]:PRACh:APM on page 196 CONFigure[:LTE]:UL[:CC<cc>]:PRACh:FRINdex on page 196 CONFigure[:LTE]:UL[:CC<cc>]:PRACh:HFINdicator on page 197

Ncs Conf

Selects the Ncs configuration, i.e. determines the Ncs value set according to TS

36.211, table 5.7.2.-2 and 5.7.2-3. Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL[:CC<cc>]:PRACh:NCSC on page 197

Logical Root Sequ. Idx

Selects the logical root sequence index. The logical root sequence index is used to generate PRACH preamble sequences. It is

provided by higher layers. Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL[:CC<cc>]:PRACh:RSEQ on page 197

Sequence Index (v)

Defines the sequence index (v). The sequence index controls which of the 64 preambles available in a cell is used. If you select the "Auto" menu item, the software automatically selects the required

sequence index.

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Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL[:CC<cc>]:PRACh:SINDex on page 198

5.2.11 Input source configuration

The R&S FSV/A supports several input sources and outputs.

For a comprehensive description of the supported inputs and outputs, refer to the R&S FSV/A user manual.

● RF input...................................................................................................................78

● External frontends...................................................................................................78

● I/Q file......................................................................................................................79

5.2.11.1 RF input

Access: "Overview" > "Input / Frontend" > "Input Source" > "Radio Frequency"

Functions to configure the RF input described elsewhere:

●

"Input Coupling" on page 84

●

"Impedance" on page 84

Configuration

I/Q measurements

YIG-Preselector.............................................................................................................78

YIG-Preselector

Enables or disables the YIG-preselector. This setting requires an additional option on the R&S FSV/A. An internal YIG-preselector at the input of the R&S FSV/A ensures that image frequen-

cies are rejected. However, image rejection is only possible for a restricted bandwidth. To use the maximum bandwidth for signal analysis you can disable the YIG-preselector at the input of the R&S FSV/A, which can lead to image-frequency display.

Note: Note that the YIG-preselector is active only on frequencies greater than

7.5 GHz. Therefore, switching the YIG-preselector on or off has no effect if the frequency is below that value.

To use the optional 54 GHz frequency extension (R&S FSV3-B54G), the YIG-preselector must be disabled.

Remote command:

INPut<ip>:FILTer:YIG[:STATe] on page 199

5.2.11.2 External frontends

Access: "Overview" > "Input / Frontend" > "Input Source" > "Ext. Frontend"

Controlling external frontends is available with the optional external generator control. The functionality is the same as in the I/Q analyzer application.

For more information about using external frontends, refer to the R&S FSV/A I/Q analyzer user manual.

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5.2.11.3 I/Q file

Access: "Overview" > "Input / Frontend" > "Input Source" > "I/Q File"

As an alternative to capturing the measurement (I/Q) data live, you can also load previously recorded I/Q data stored in an iq.tar file. The file is then used as the input source for the application.

Available for I/Q based measurements.

For details, see the user manual of the I/Q analyzer.

I/Q Input File State........................................................................................................ 79

Select I/Q data file.........................................................................................................79

File Repetitions............................................................................................................. 79

Selected Channel..........................................................................................................79

I/Q Input File State

Enables input from the selected I/Q input file. If enabled, the application performs measurements on the data from this file. Thus,

most measurement settings related to data acquisition (attenuation, center frequency, measurement bandwidth, sample rate) cannot be changed. The measurement time can only be decreased to perform measurements on an extract of the available data only.

Note: Even when the file input is disabled, the input file remains selected and can be enabled again quickly by changing the state.

Remote command:

INPut<ip>:SELect on page 200

Configuration

I/Q measurements

Select I/Q data file

Opens a file selection dialog box to select an input file that contains I/Q data. The I/Q data must have a specific format (.iq.tar) as described in R&S FSV/A I/Q

Analyzer and I/Q Input user manual. The default storage location for I/Q data files is C:\R_S\INSTR\USER. Remote command:

INPut<ip>:FILE:PATH on page 198

File Repetitions

Determines how often the data stream is repeatedly copied in the I/Q data memory to create a longer record. If the available memory is not sufficient for the specified number of repetitions, the largest possible number of complete data streams is used.

Remote command:

TRACe:IQ:FILE:REPetition:COUNt on page 201

Selected Channel

Only available for files that contain more than one data stream from multiple channels: selects the data stream to be used as input for the currently selected channel.

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In "Auto" mode (default), the first data stream in the file is used as input for the channel. Applications that support multiple data streams use the first data stream in the file for the first input stream, the second for the second stream etc.

Remote command:

MMEMory:LOAD:IQ:STReam on page 200 MMEMory:LOAD:IQ:STReam:AUTO on page 200 MMEMory:LOAD:IQ:STReam:LIST? on page 201

5.2.12 Frequency configuration

Access: "Overview" > "Input / Frontend" > "Frequency"

Frequency settings define the frequency characteristics of the signal at the RF input. They are part of the "Frequency" tab of the "Signal Characteristics" dialog box.

Configuration

I/Q measurements

The remote commands required to configure the frequency are described in Chap-

ter 7.9.2.3, "Frequency configuration", on page 201.

Signal Frequency.......................................................................................................... 80

└ Center Frequency........................................................................................... 80

└ Frequency Stepsize........................................................................................ 80

Signal Frequency

For measurements with an RF input source, you have to match the center frequency of the analyzer to the frequency of the signal.

Center Frequency ← Signal Frequency

Defines the center frequency of the signal and thus the frequency the R&S FSV/A tunes to.

The frequency range depends on the hardware configuration of the analyzer you are using.

Remote command: Center frequency: [SENSe:]FREQuency:CENTer[:CC<cc>] on page 201 Frequency offset: [SENSe:]FREQuency:CENTer[:CC<cc>]:OFFSet on page 202

Frequency Stepsize ← Signal Frequency

In addition to the frequency itself, you can also define a frequency stepsize. The frequency stepsize defines the extent of a frequency change if you change it, for example with the rotary knob.

You can define the stepsize in two ways.

●

= Center

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One frequency step corresponds to the current center frequency.

●

Manual

Define any stepsize you need. Remote command:

Frequency stepsize: [SENSe:]FREQuency:CENTer:STEP on page 203

5.2.13 Amplitude configuration

Access: "Overview" > "Input / Frontend" > "Amplitude"

Amplitude settings define the expected level characteristics of the signal at the RF input.

Configuration

I/Q measurements

The remote commands required to configure the amplitude are described in Chap-

ter 7.9.2.4, "Amplitude configuration", on page 203.

Reference Level............................................................................................................81

└ Auto Level.......................................................................................................82

└ Reference Level Offset................................................................................... 82

Attenuating the Signal...................................................................................................82

└ RF Attenuation................................................................................................82

└ Electronic Attenuation.....................................................................................83

Preamplifier...................................................................................................................83

Input Coupling...............................................................................................................84

Impedance.................................................................................................................... 84

Reference Level

The reference level is the power level the analyzer expects at the RF input. Keep in mind that the power level at the RF input is the peak envelope power for signals with a high crest factor like LTE.

To get the best dynamic range, you have to set the reference level as low as possible. At the same time, make sure that the maximum signal level does not exceed the reference level. If it does, it will overload the A/D converter, regardless of the signal power. Measurement results can deteriorate (e.g. EVM), especially for measurements with more than one active channel near the one you are trying to measure (± 6 MHz).

Note that the signal level at the A/D converter can be stronger than the level the application displays, depending on the current resolution bandwidth. This is because the resolution bandwidths are implemented digitally after the A/D converter.

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The reference level is a value in dBm. Remote command:

Reference level: DISPlay[:WINDow<n>][:SUBWindow<w>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:

SCALe]:RLEVel on page 203

Auto Level ← Reference Level

Automatically determines the ideal reference level. The automatic leveling process measures the signal and defines the ideal reference signal for the measured signal.

Automatic level detection also optimizes RF attenuation. Auto leveling slightly increases the measurement time, because of the extra leveling

measurement prior to each sweep. By default, the R&S FSV/A automatically defines the time for auto leveling, but you can also define it manually ([Auto Set] > "Auto Level Config" > "Meas Time").

The application shows the current reference level (including RF and external attenuation) in the channel bar.

Configuration

I/Q measurements

Remote command: Automatic: [SENSe:]ADJust:LEVel<ant> on page 219 Auto level mode: [SENSe:]ADJust:CONFigure:LEVel:DURation:MODE on page 218 Auto level time: [SENSe:]ADJust:CONFigure:LEVel:DURation on page 218

Reference Level Offset ← Reference Level

The reference level offset is an arithmetic level offset. A level offset is useful if the signal is attenuated or amplified before it is fed into the analyzer. All displayed power level results are shifted by this value. Note however, that the reference value ignores the level offset. Thus, it is still mandatory to define the actual power level that the analyzer has to handle as the reference level.

Remote command:

DISPlay[:WINDow<n>][:SUBWindow<w>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe]:RLEVel: OFFSet on page 204

Attenuating the Signal

Attenuation of the signal becomes necessary if you have to reduce the power of the signal that you have applied. Power reduction is necessary, for example, to prevent an overload of the input mixer.

For a comprehensive information about signal attenuation, refer to the user manual of the R&S FSV/A.

The LTE measurement application provides several attenuation modes.

RF Attenuation ← Attenuating the Signal

Controls the RF (or mechanical) attenuator at the RF input. If you select automatic signal attenuation, the attenuation level is coupled to the refer-

ence level.

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If you select manual signal attenuation, you can define an arbitrary attenuation (within the supported value range).

Positive values correspond to signal attenuation and negative values correspond to signal gain.

The application shows the attenuation level (mechanical and electronic) in the channel bar.

Remote command: State: INPut<ip>:ATTenuation<ant>:AUTO on page 205 Level: INPut<ip>:ATTenuation<ant> on page 204

Electronic Attenuation ← Attenuating the Signal

Controls the optional electronic attenuator. If you select automatic signal attenuation, the attenuation level is coupled to the refer-

ence level. If you select manual signal attenuation, you can define an arbitrary attenuation (within

the supported value range). Positive values correspond to signal attenuation and negative values correspond to

signal gain. Note that the frequency range must not exceed the specification of the electronic

attenuator for it to work. The application shows the attenuation level (mechanical and electronic) in the channel

bar.

Configuration

I/Q measurements

Remote command: Electronic attenuation: INPut<ip>:EATT<ant>:STATe on page 207 Electronic attenuation: INPut<ip>:EATT<ant>:AUTO on page 207 Electronic attenuation: INPut<ip>:EATT<ant> on page 207

Preamplifier

If the (optional) internal preamplifier hardware is installed, a preamplifier can be activated for the RF input signal.

You can use a preamplifier to analyze signals from DUTs with low output power. For an active external frontend, a preamplifier is not available. For R&S FSV/A3004, 3007, 3013, and 3030 models, the following settings are availa-

ble: "Off" "15 dB"

Deactivates the preamplifier. The RF input signal is amplified by about 15 dB.

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Configuration

I/Q measurements

"30 dB"

The RF input signal is amplified by about 30 dB.

For R&S FSV/A44 or higher models, the input signal is amplified by 30 dB if the preamplifier is activated. In this case, the preamplifier is only available under the following conditions:

●

In zero span, the maximum center frequency is 43.5 GHz

●

For frequency spans, the maximum stop frequency is 43.5 GHz

●

For I/Q measurements, the maximum center frequency depends on the analysis bandwidth:

≤

43.5 GHz - (<Analysis_bw> / 2)

center

If any of the conditions no longer apply after you change a setting, the preamplifier is automatically deactivated.

Remote command:

INPut<ip>:GAIN:STATe on page 205 INPut<ip>:GAIN[:VALue] on page 206

Input Coupling

The RF input of the R&S FSV/A can be coupled by alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC).

For an active external frontend, input coupling is always DC. AC coupling blocks any DC voltage from the input signal. AC coupling is activated by

default to prevent damage to the instrument. Very low frequencies in the input signal can be distorted.

However, some specifications require DC coupling. In this case, you must protect the instrument from damaging DC input voltages manually. For details, refer to the data sheet.

Remote command:

INPut<ip>:COUPling on page 205

Impedance

For some measurements, the reference impedance for the measured levels of the R&S FSV/A can be set to 50 Ω or 75 Ω.

Select 75 Ω if the 50 Ω input impedance is transformed to a higher impedance using a 75 Ω adapter of the RAZ type. (That corresponds to 25Ω in series to the input impedance of the instrument.) The correction value in this case is 1.76 dB = 10 log (75Ω/ 50Ω).

This value also affects the unit conversion. This function is not available for input from the optional "Digital Baseband" interface or

from the optional "Analog Baseband" interface. For analog baseband input, an impedance of 50 Ω is always used.

Remote command:

INPut<ip>:IMPedance on page 206

5.2.14 Data capture

Access: "Overview" > "Trig / Sig Capture" > "Signal Capture"

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The data capture settings contain settings that control the data capture.

The data capture settings are part of the "Signal Capture" tab of the "Trigger/Signal Capture" dialog box.

Capture Time.................................................................................................................85

Swap I/Q....................................................................................................................... 85

Overall Frame Count.....................................................................................................85

Auto According to Standard.......................................................................................... 86

Number of Frames to Analyze...................................................................................... 86

Single Subframe Mode..................................................................................................86

Configuration

I/Q measurements

Capture Time

The "Capture Time" corresponds to the time of one measurement. Therefore, it defines the amount of data the application captures during a single measurement (or sweep).

By default, the application captures 20.1 ms of data to make sure that at least one complete LTE frame is captured in the measurement.

The application shows the current capture time in the channel bar.

Remote command:

[SENSe:]SWEep:TIME on page 210

Swap I/Q

Swaps the real (I branch) and the imaginary (Q branch) parts of the signal. Remote command:

[SENSe:]SWAPiq on page 209

Overall Frame Count

The "Overall Frame Count" turns the manual selection of the number of frames to capture (and analyze) on and off.

When you turn on the overall frame count, you can define the number of frames to cap-

ture and analyze. The measurement runs until all frames have been analyzed, even if it

takes more than one capture.

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The results are an average of the captured frames. When you turn off the overall frame count, the application analyzes all LTE frames

found in one capture buffer. The application shows the current frame count in the channel bar.

Remote command:

[SENSe:][LTE:]FRAMe:COUNt:STATe on page 209

Auto According to Standard

Turns automatic selection of the number of frames to capture and analyze on and off. When you turn on this feature, the R&S FSV/A captures and evaluates a number of

frames the 3GPP standard specifies for EVM tests. If you want to analyze an arbitrary number of frames, turn off the feature. This parameter is not available when the overall frame count is inactive. Remote command:

[SENSe:][LTE:]FRAMe:COUNt:AUTO on page 208

Configuration

I/Q measurements

Number of Frames to Analyze

Defines the number of frames you want to capture and analyze. If the number of frames you have set last longer than a single measurement, the appli-

cation continues the measurement until all frames have been captured. The parameter is read only in the following cases:

●

If you turn off the overall frame count.

●

If you capture the data according to the standard.

Remote command:

[SENSe:][LTE:]FRAMe:COUNt on page 208

Single Subframe Mode

Turns the evaluation of a single subframe only on and off. Evaluating a single subframe only improves the measurement speed. For successful

synchronization, the subframe must be located within the captured data (= 1.2 ms). You can make sure that this is the case by using, for example, an external frame trigger signal.

For maximum measurement speed, the application turns off Auto According to Stan-

dard and sets the Number of Frames to Analyze to 1. These settings prevent the appli-

cation from capturing data more than once for a single run measurement. Remote command:

[SENSe:][LTE:]FRAMe:SSUBframe on page 209

5.2.15 Trigger configuration

Access: "Overview" > "Trig / Sig Capture" > "Trigger"

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A trigger allows you to capture those parts of the signal that you are really interested in.

While the application runs freely and analyzes all signal data in its default state, no matter if the signal contains information or not, a trigger initiates a measurement only under certain circumstances (the trigger event).

Except for the available trigger sources, the functionality is the same as that of the R&S FSV/A base system.

For a comprehensive description of the available trigger settings not described here, refer to the documentation of the R&S FSV/A.

Gated measurements

In addition to the general trigger functions, the frequency sweep measurements (for example ACLR) also support gated measurements.

The functionality is basically the same as in the spectrum application. However, the LTE application automatically selects the correct gate settings (delay and length) according to the TDD configuration.

Configuration

I/Q measurements

Trigger Source...............................................................................................................87

Trigger Source

The application supports several trigger modes or sources.

●

Free Run

Starts the measurement immediately and measures continuously.

●

External <x>

The trigger event is the level of an external trigger signal. The measurement starts when this signal meets or exceeds a specified trigger level at the trigger input. Some measurement devices have several trigger ports. When you use one of these, several external trigger sources are available.

●

I/Q Power

The trigger event is the magnitude of the sampled I/Q data. The measurement starts when the magnitude of the I/Q data meets or exceeds the trigger level.

●

IF Power

The trigger event is the level of the intermediate frequency (IF). The measurement starts when the level of the IF meets or exceeds the trigger level.

●

RF Power

The trigger event is the level measured at the RF input. The measurement starts when the level of the signal meets or exceeds the trigger level.

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For all trigger sources, except "Free Run", you can define several trigger characteristics.

●

The trigger "Level" defines the signal level that initiates the measurement.

●

The trigger "Offset" is the time that must pass between the trigger event and the start of the measurement. This can be a negative value (a pretrigger).

●

The trigger "Drop-out Time" defines the time the input signal must stay below the trigger level before triggering again.

●

The trigger "Slope" defines whether triggering occurs when the signal rises to the trigger level or falls down to it.

●

The trigger "Holdoff" defines a time period that must at least pass between one trigger event and the next.

●

The trigger "Hysteresis" is available for the IF power trigger. It defines a distance to the trigger level that the input signal must stay below to fulfill the trigger condition.

For a detailed description of the trigger parameters, see the user manual of the I/Q analyzer.

Remote command: Source: TRIGger[:SEQuence]:SOURce<ant> on page 214 Level (external): TRIGger[:SEQuence]:LEVel<ant>[:EXTernal<tp>] on page 212 Level (I/Q power): TRIGger[:SEQuence]:LEVel<ant>:IQPower on page 212 Level (IF power): TRIGger[:SEQuence]:LEVel<ant>:IFPower on page 212 Level (RF power): TRIGger[:SEQuence]:LEVel<ant>:RFPower on page 213 Offset: TRIGger[:SEQuence]:HOLDoff<ant>[:TIME] on page 211 Hysteresis: TRIGger[:SEQuence]:IFPower:HYSTeresis on page 211 Drop-out time: TRIGger[:SEQuence]:DTIMe on page 210 Slope: TRIGger[:SEQuence]:SLOPe on page 214 Holdoff: TRIGger[:SEQuence]:IFPower:HOLDoff on page 211

Configuration

I/Q measurements

5.2.16 Tracking configuration

Access: "Overview" > "Signal Description" > "Tracking"

The tracking settings contain settings that compensate for various common measurement errors that may occur.

Phase............................................................................................................................88

Time Tracking................................................................................................................89

Phase

Turns phase tracking on and off. When you turn on phase tracking, the application compensates the measurement

results for the phase error on a symbol level. "Off"

Phase tracking is not applied.

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Configuration

I/Q measurements

"Pilot Only"

"Pilot and Payload"

Remote command:

[SENSe:][LTE:]UL:TRACking:PHASe on page 217

Time Tracking

Turns time tracking on and off. Clock deviations (slower or faster sampling time) lead to a drift of the ideal sampling

instant over time, causing a rotating constellation diagram. When you turn on time tracking, the application compensates the measurement results

for timing errors on a symbol level. Remote command:

[SENSe:][LTE:]UL:TRACking:TIME on page 218

Only the reference signal is used for the estimation of the phase error.

Both reference signal and payload resource elements are used for the estimation of the phase error.

5.2.17 Signal demodulation

Access: "Overview" > "Demodulation"

Analysis Mode...............................................................................................................89

Channel Estimation Range........................................................................................... 90

EVM with Exclusion Period........................................................................................... 90

Analyze TDD Transient Slots........................................................................................90

Compensate DC Offset.................................................................................................90

Scrambling of Coded Bits..............................................................................................90

Suppressed Interference Synchronization.................................................................... 91

Multicarrier Filter........................................................................................................... 91

Analysis Mode

Selects the channel analysis mode. You can select from "PUSCH/PUCCH" mode and "PRACH" mode. "PUSCH/PUCCH" mode analyzes the PUSCH and PUCCH (default mode).

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"PRACH" mode analyzes the PRACH only. In PRACH analysis mode, no subframe or slot selection is available. Instead you can select a particular preamble that the results are shown for. Note that PRACH analysis mode does not support all result displays.

Remote command:

[SENSe:][LTE:]UL:DEMod:MODE on page 215

Channel Estimation Range

Selects the method for channel estimation. You can select if only the pilot symbols are used to perform channel estimation or if

both pilot and payload carriers are used. Remote command:

[SENSe:][LTE:]UL:DEMod:CESTimation on page 216

EVM with Exclusion Period

Turns exclusion periods for EVM measurements as defined in 3GPP TS 36.521 on and off.

The exclusion period affects the PUSCH data EVM of the first and last symbol. The software automatically determines the length of the exclusion period according to

3GPP TS 36.521-1. The exclusion period has no effect on the EVM vs Carrier and EVM vs Symbol x Car-

rier result displays. Remote command:

[SENSe:][LTE:]UL:DEMod:EEPeriod on page 216

Configuration

I/Q measurements

Analyze TDD Transient Slots

Includes or excludes the transient slots present after a switch from downlink to uplink in the analysis.

If on, the transient slots are not included in the measurement. Remote command:

[SENSe:][LTE:]UL:DEMod:ATTSlots on page 215

Compensate DC Offset

Turns DC offset compensation when calculating measurement results on and off. According to 3GPP TS 36.101 (Annex F.4), the R&S FSV/A removes the carrier leak-

age (I/Q origin offset) from the evaluated signal before it calculates the EVM and inband emissions.

Remote command:

[SENSe:][LTE:]UL:DEMod:CDCoffset on page 216

Scrambling of Coded Bits

Turns the scrambling of coded bits for the PUSCH on and off. The scrambling of coded bits affects the bitstream results.

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Source of bitstream results when

=ON

(unscrambled bits)

codewords

Configuration

I/Q measurements

'Scrambling of coded bits' is

=OFF

(scrambled bits)

layers

Scrambling

Figure 5-1: Source for bitstream results if scrambling for coded bits is on and off

Modulation

mapper

Layer mapper

Modulation

mapper

[...]

Remote command:

[SENSe:][LTE:]UL:DEMod:CBSCrambling on page 216

Suppressed Interference Synchronization

Turns suppressed interference synchronization on and off. If active, the synchronization on signals containing more than one user equipment (UE)

is more robust. Additionally, the EVM is lower in case the UEs have different frequency offsets. Note that Auto Demodulation is not supported in this synchronization mode and the EVM may be higher in case only one UE is present in the signal.

Remote command:

[SENSe:][LTE:]UL:DEMod:SISYnc on page 217

Multicarrier Filter

Turns the suppression of interference of neighboring carriers on and off. Remote command:

[SENSe:][LTE:]UL:DEMod:MCFilter on page 217

5.2.18 Automatic configuration

Access: [AUTO SET]

The R&S FSV/A features several automatic configuration routines. When you use one of those, the R&S FSV/A configures different parameters based on the signal that you are measuring.

Auto leveling

You can use the auto leveling routine for a quick determination of preliminary amplitude settings for the current LTE input signal.

Remote command:

[SENSe:]ADJust:LEVel<ant> on page 219

Auto Scaling

Scales the y-axis for best viewing results. Also see "Automatic scaling of the y-axis" on page 97.

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Remote command:

DISPlay[:WINDow<n>][:SUBWindow<w>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe]:AUTO

on page 228

5.3 Time alignment error measurements

Several settings supported by time alignment error measurements are the same as those for I/Q measurements. For a comprehensive description of those, refer to the following chapters.

●

Chapter 5.2.1, "Signal characteristics", on page 50

●

Chapter 5.2.6, "Demodulation reference signal configuration", on page 65

●

Chapter 5.2.8, "PUSCH structure", on page 71

●

Chapter 7.9.2.2, "Input configuration", on page 198

●

Chapter 5.2.12, "Frequency configuration", on page 80

●

Chapter 5.2.13, "Amplitude configuration", on page 81

●

Chapter 5.2.14, "Data capture", on page 84

●

Chapter 5.2.15, "Trigger configuration", on page 86

●

Chapter 5.2.17, "Signal demodulation", on page 89

Configuration

Frequency sweep measurements

For more information about configuring carrier aggregation see "Carrier Aggregation" on page 51.

5.4 Frequency sweep measurements

After starting one of the frequency sweep measurements, the application automatically loads the configuration required by measurements according to the 3GPP standard: the spectral mask as defined in the 3GPP standard for SEM measurements and the channel configuration defined in the standard for the ACLR measurement.

If you need a different measurement configuration, you can change all parameters as required. Except for the dialog box decribed below, the measurement configuration menus for the frequency sweep measurements are the same as in the Spectrum application.

Please refer to the User Manual of the R&S FSV/A for a detailed description on how to configure ACLR and SEM measurements.

● ACLR signal description..........................................................................................92

● SEM signal description............................................................................................93

● MC ACLR signal description................................................................................... 94

5.4.1 ACLR signal description

Access: [MEAS CONFIG] > "Signal Description"

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The signal description for ACLR measurements contains settings to describe general physical characteristics of the signal you are measuring.

Functions in the "Signal Description" dialog box described elsewhere:

●

LTE mode

●

Test Model

●

Channel bandwidth

All other settings available for the ACLR measurement are the same as in the spectrum application. For more information, refer to the user manual of the R&S FSV/A.

Assumed Adjacent Channel Carrier..............................................................................93

Assumed Adjacent Channel Carrier

Selects the assumed adjacent channel carrier for the ACLR measurement. The supported types are EUTRA of same bandwidth, 1.28 Mcps UTRA, 3.84 Mcps

UTRA and 7.68 Mcps UTRA. Note that not all combinations of LTE channel bandwidth settings and assumed adja-

cent channel carrier settings are defined in the 3GPP standard. Remote command:

[SENSe:]POWer:ACHannel:AACHannel on page 222

Configuration

Frequency sweep measurements

5.4.2 SEM signal description

The signal description for SEM measurements contains settings to describe general physical characteristics of the signal you are measuring.

Access: "Overview" > "Signal Description"

Functions in the "Signal Description" dialog box described elsewhere:

●

LTE mode

●

Test Model

●

Channel bandwidth

●

Cyclic prefix

●

TDD configuration

All other settings available for the SEM measurement are the same as in the spectrum application. For more information, refer to the user manual of the R&S FSV/A.

SEM Requirement.........................................................................................................93

SEM Requirement

Selects the type of spectrum emission mask used for the Out of Band emission measurement.

The software supports general and specific (additional) spectrum emission masks. The specific spectrum emission masks contain additional SEM requirements. The additional requirement masks to use for the measurement depend on the network signaled value "NS_03", "NS_04", "NS_06" or "NS_07".

If "NS_06" or "NS_07" is indicated in the cell, use SEM requirement "NS_06_07".

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Remote command:

[SENSe:]POWer:SEM:UL:REQuirement on page 222

5.4.3 MC ACLR signal description

Access: "Overview" > "Signal Description" > "Physical Settings CC<x>" / "Carrier Con-

figuration"

You can configure the characteristics of the carriers in the "Carrier Configuration" tab.

Note: the "Carrier Configuration" button in the "Physical Settings" tab also opens the "Carrier Configuration" tab.

The signal description for MC ACLR measurements contain settings to describe general physical characteristics of the signal you are measuring.

Configuration

Frequency sweep measurements

Functions in the "Signal Description" dialog box described elsewhere:

●

LTE mode

●

Test Model

●

Channel bandwidth

●

Cyclic prefix

●

TDD configuration

●

Component carriers

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6 Analysis

The R&S FSV/A provides various tools to analyze the measurement results.

● General analysis tools.............................................................................................95

● Analysis tools for I/Q measurements...................................................................... 98

● Analysis tools for frequency sweep measurements..............................................104

6.1 General analysis tools

The general analysis tools are tools available for all measurements.

● Data export..............................................................................................................95

● Microservice export.................................................................................................96

● Diagram scale......................................................................................................... 96

● Zoom.......................................................................................................................97

● Markers................................................................................................................... 97

Analysis

General analysis tools

6.1.1 Data export

Access: [TRACE] > "Trace Export Config"

You can export the measurement results to an ASCII file, for example to backup the results or analyze the results with external applications (for example in a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet).

You can also export the I/Q data itself, for example if you want to keep it for later reevaluation.

The data export is available for:

●

I/Q measurements

●

Time alignment error measurements

Exporting trace data

1. Select the "Trace Export Config" dialog box via the [TRACE] key.

2. Select the data you would like to export.

3. Select the results you would like to export from the "Specifics For" dropdown menu.

4. Export the data with the "Export Trace to ASCII File" feature.

5. Select the location where you would like to save the data (as a .dat file).

Note that the measurement data stored in the file depend on the selected result display ("Specifics For" selection).

Exporting I/Q data

1. Select the disk icon in the toolbar.

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2. Select "Export" > "I/Q Export".

3. Define a file name and location for the I/Q data.

The file type is iq.tar.

4. Select the folder icon from the toolbar to import I/Q data again later ("Import" > "I/Q

Import").

Data import and export

The basic principle for both trace export and I/Q data export and import is the same as in the spectrum application. For a comprehensive description, refer to the R&S FSV/A user manual.

Remote command: Trace export: TRACe<n>[:DATA]? on page 138 I/Q export: MMEMory:STORe<n>:IQ:STATe on page 169 I/Q import: MMEMory:LOAD:IQ:STATe on page 169

6.1.2 Microservice export

Analysis

General analysis tools

Access:

In addition to exporting the signal configuration locally, you can export the signal configuration in a file format compatible to the cloud-based microservice (.m5g file extension).

For a comprehensive description of the microservice, refer to the microservice user manual.

Remote command:

MMEMory:STORe<n>:MSERvice on page 224

/ > "Export" > "Microservice Export"

6.1.3 Diagram scale

Access: "Overview" > "Analysis" > "Scale"

You can change the scale of the y-axis in various diagrams. The y-axis scale determines the vertical resolution of the measurement results.

The scale of the x-axis in the diagrams is fix. If you want to get a better resolution of the x-axis, you have to zoom into the diagram.

The remote commands required to configure the y-axis scale are described in Chap-

ter 7.10.4, "Y-axis scale", on page 228.

Manual scaling of the y-axis..........................................................................................96

Automatic scaling of the y-axis......................................................................................97

Manual scaling of the y-axis

The "Y Minimum" and "Y Maximum" properties define a custom scale of the y-axis.

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The "Y Minimum" corresponds to the value at the origin. The "Y Maximum" corresponds to the last value on the y-axis. The scale you select applies to the currently active window.

You can restore the original scale anytime with the "Restore Scale" button. Remote command:

DISPlay[:WINDow<n>][:SUBWindow<w>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe]:MAXimum

on page 228

DISPlay[:WINDow<n>][:SUBWindow<w>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe]:MINimum

on page 229

Automatic scaling of the y-axis

Usually, the best way to view the results is if they fit ideally in the diagram area and display the complete trace. The "Auto Scale Once" automatically determines the scale of the y-axis that fits this criteria in the currently active window.

Tip: You can also scale the windows in the "Auto Set" menu. In addition to scaling the selected window ("Auto Scale Window"), you can change the scale of all windows at the same time ("Auto Scale All").

You can restore the original scale anytime with the "Restore Scale" button. Remote command:

DISPlay[:WINDow<n>][:SUBWindow<w>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe]:AUTO

on page 228

Analysis

General analysis tools

6.1.4 Zoom

The zoom feature allows you to zoom into any graphical result display. This can be a useful tool if you want to analyze certain parts of a diagram in more detail.

The zoom functionality is the same as in the spectrum application.

The following zoom functions are supported.

●

: Magnifies the selected diagram area.

●

: Magnifies the selected diagram area, but keeps the original diagram in a sepa-

rate window.

●

: Restores the original diagram.

Note that the zoom is a graphical feature that magnifies the data in the capture buffer. Zooming into the diagram does not reevaluate the I/Q data.

For a comprehensive description of the zoom, refer to the R&S FSV/A user manual.

6.1.5 Markers

Access: "Overview" > "Analysis" > "Marker"

Markers are a tool that help you to identify measurement results at specific trace points. When you turn on a marker, it gives you the coordinates of its position, for example the frequency and its level value or the symbol and its EVM value.

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In general, the marker functionality of setting and positioning markers is similar to the spectrum application.

For I/Q measurement, the R&S FSV/A supports up to four markers, for frequency sweep measurements there are more. Markers give either absolute values (normal markers) or values relative to the first marker (deltamarkers). If a result display has more than one trace, for example the "EVM vs Symbol" result display, you can position the marker on either trace. By default, all markers are positioned on trace 1.

Note that if you analyze more than one bandwidth part, each bandwidth part is represented by a different trace.

The R&S FSV/A also supports several automatic positioning mechanisms that allow you to move the marker to the maximum trace value (peak), the minimum trace value or move it from peak to subsequent peak.

The marker table summarizes the marker characteristics.

For a comprehensive description, refer to the R&S FSV/A user manual.

Markers in result displays with a third quantity

Analysis

Analysis tools for I/Q measurements

In result displays that show a third quantity, for example the "EVM vs Symbol x Carrier" result, the R&S FSV/A provides an extended marker functionality.

You can position the marker on a specific resource element, whose position is defined by the following coordinates:

●

The "Symbol" input field selects the symbol.

●

The "Carrier" input field selects the carrier.

Alternatively, you can define the marker position in the "Marker Configuration" dialog box, which is expanded accordingly.

The marker information shows the EVM, the power and the allocation ID of the resource element you have selected as the marker position.

6.2 Analysis tools for I/Q measurements

● Layout of numerical results..................................................................................... 98

● Evaluation range..................................................................................................... 99

● Result settings.......................................................................................................102

6.2.1 Layout of numerical results

You can customize the displayed information of some numerical result displays or tables, for example the allocation summary.

► Select some point in the header row of the table.

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The application opens a dialog box to add or remove columns.

Add and remove columns as required.

6.2.2 Evaluation range

Access: "Overview" > "Evaluation Range"

Analysis

Analysis tools for I/Q measurements

The evaluation range defines the signal parts that are considered during signal analysis.

Configuring component carriers

When you are doing measurements on aggregated carriers, you can configure each carrier separately.

When available, each carrier in the dialog boxes is represented by an additional tab labeled "CC<x>", with <x> indicating the number of the component carrier.

Note that the additional tabs are only added to the user interface after you have selected more than "1" component carrier.

Subframe Selection.....................................................................................................100

Slot Selection.............................................................................................................. 101

Preamble Selection.....................................................................................................101

Evaluation range for the constellation diagram...........................................................102

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Subframe Selection

The "Subframe" selection filters the results by a specific subframe number. If you apply the filter, only the results for the subframe you have selected are dis-

played. Otherwise, the R&S FSV/A shows the results for all subframes that have been analyzed.

The R&S FSV/A shows three traces if you display the results for all subframes.

●

One trace ("Min") shows the minimum values measured over all analyzed subframes.

●

One trace ("Max") shows the maximum values measured over all analyzed subframes.

●

One trace ("Avg") shows the average values measured over all subframes.

Analysis

Analysis tools for I/Q measurements

If you filter by a single subframe, the R&S FSV/A still shows three traces, but with different information.

●

One trace ("Min") shows the minimum values measured over all slots in the selected subframe.

●

One trace ("Max") shows the maximum values measured over all slots in the selected subframe.

●

One trace ("Avg") shows the average values measured over all slots in the selected subframe. The number of traces is only reduced to one trace if you filter by a single slot.

In PRACH analysis mode, you cannot filter by a single subframe. You can apply the filter to the following result displays.

●

Result Summary

●

EVM vs Carrier / EVM vs Symbol / EVM vs Symbol X Carrier

●

Spectrum Flatness / Spectrum Flatness SRS / Spectrum Flatness Difference

●

Inband Emission

●

Group Delay

●

Power vs Symbol X Carrier

●

Constellation Diagram

●

DFT Precoded Constellation

●

Allocation Summary

●

Bit Stream

●

Time Alignment Error

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