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R&S®ETL-K470
CDR Signal Analysis Software
Manual
(=^çJ2)
1346892602
Manual
Version 01
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This manual applies to the following instrument, version 3.51 and later:
●
R&S®ETL (2112.0004.13)
The following software options are described:
●
R&S®ETL-K470 CDR Signal Analysis Software (1346.8884.02)
The following hardware options are recommended:
●
R&S®ETL-B203 RF Preselector (2112.0327.03)
© 2019 Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG
Mühldorfstr. 15, 81671 München, Germany
Phone: +49 89 41 29 - 0
Fax: +49 89 41 29 12 164
Email: info@rohde-schwarz.com
Internet: www.rohde-schwarz.com
Subject to change – Data without tolerance limits is not binding.
R&S® is a registered trademark of Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG.
Trade names are trademarks of the owners.
1346.8926.02 | Version 01 | R&S®ETL-K470
The following abbreviations are used throughout this manual: R&S®ETL-CDR Signal Analysis Software is abbreviated as R&S ETLCDR software. R&S®VSE is abbreviated as R&S VSE.
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R&S®ETL-K470
1 Preface.................................................................................................... 5
1.1 About this Manual......................................................................................................... 5
1.2 Typographical Conventions......................................................................................... 6
2 Welcome to the R&S ETL CDR software..............................................7
2.1 Introduction to Vector Signal Analysis....................................................................... 7
2.2 Installing the R&S ETL CDR software......................................................................... 8
2.3 Starting the R&S ETL CDR software......................................................................... 10
2.4 Understanding the Display Information....................................................................12
3 CDR Measurement and Results..........................................................14
3.1 CDR Parameters..........................................................................................................14
Contents
Contents
3.2 Evaluation Methods for CDR Measurements........................................................... 15
4 Configuring CDR Measurements........................................................33
4.1 Configuration Overview..............................................................................................33
4.2 CDR Configuration......................................................................................................35
4.3 Input and Frontend Settings...................................................................................... 38
4.4 Trigger Settings...........................................................................................................45
4.5 Data Acquisition..........................................................................................................48
4.6 Result Ranges............................................................................................................. 52
4.7 Synchronization, Demodulation and Tracking.........................................................52
5 Analyzing CDR Vector Signals............................................................57
5.1 Result Configuration...................................................................................................57
5.2 Table Configuration.....................................................................................................59
5.3 Units............................................................................................................................. 59
5.4 Y-Scaling......................................................................................................................60
5.5 Markers........................................................................................................................ 62
5.6 Trace Settings..............................................................................................................68
5.7 Trace / Data Export Configuration.............................................................................70
6 How to Perform Measurements in the R&S ETL CDR software.......72
7 Remote Commands for CDR Measurements.....................................73
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7.1 Introduction................................................................................................................. 73
7.2 Common Suffixes........................................................................................................78
7.3 Activating CDR Measurements..................................................................................79
7.4 Configuring CDR Measurements...............................................................................79
7.5 Analysis..................................................................................................................... 106
7.6 Configuring the Result Display................................................................................128
7.7 Retrieving Results.....................................................................................................138
7.8 Status Reporting System......................................................................................... 160
7.9 Programming Examples: OFDM Vector Signal Analysis.......................................163
A Menu Reference................................................................................. 167
A.1 Common R&S ETL CDR software Menus............................................................... 167
Contents
Annex.................................................................................................. 166
A.2 CDR Signal Analysis Menus.................................................................................... 169
B Reference of Toolbar Functions....................................................... 172
C Formulae.............................................................................................176
C.1 I/Q Impairments......................................................................................................... 176
List of Remote Commands (ETL CDR).............................................177
Index....................................................................................................181
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1 Preface
1.1 About this Manual
Preface
About this Manual
This R&S ETL CDR software manual provides all the information specific to the
application. All general software functions and settings common to all applications are
described in the R&S VSE base software user manual.
The main focus in this manual is on the measurement results and the tasks required to
obtain them. The following topics are included:
●
Welcome to the R&S ETL CDR software
Introduction to and getting familiar with the application, installation information
●
Measurements and result displays
Details on supported measurements and their result types
●
Measurement basics
Background information on basic terms and principles in the context of the measurement
●
Configuration and analysis
A concise description of all functions and settings available to configure measurements and analyze results with their corresponding remote control command
●
How to perform measurements in the R&S ETL CDR software
The basic procedure to perform each measurement and step-by-step instructions
for more complex tasks or alternative methods
●
Measurement examples
Detailed measurement examples to guide you through typical measurement scenarios and allow you to try out the application immediately
●
Optimizing and troubleshooting the measurement
Hints and tips on how to handle errors and optimize the measurement configuration
●
Remote commands for CDR measurements
Remote commands required to configure and perform CDR measurements in a
remote environment, sorted by tasks
(Commands required to set up the environment or to perform common tasks in the
software are provided in the R&S VSE base software user manual.)
Programming examples demonstrate the use of many commands and can usually
be executed directly for test purposes
●
Annex
Reference material
●
List of remote commands
Alphabetical list of all remote commands described in the manual
●
Index
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1.2 Typographical Conventions
Preface
Typographical Conventions
The following text markers are used throughout this documentation:
Convention Description
"Graphical user interface elements"
[Keys] Key and knob names are enclosed by square brackets.
File names, commands,
program code
Input Input to be entered by the user is displayed in italics.
Links Links that you can click are displayed in blue font.
"References" References to other parts of the documentation are enclosed by quota-
All names of graphical user interface elements on the screen, such as
dialog boxes, menus, options, buttons, and softkeys are enclosed by
quotation marks.
File names, commands, coding samples and screen output are distinguished by their font.
tion marks.
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2 Welcome to the R&S ETL CDR software
Welcome to the R&S ETL CDR software
Introduction to Vector Signal Analysis
The R&S ETL CDR software performs vector and scalar measurements on convergent
digital radio (CDR) signals. To perform the measurements, it converts RF signals into
the complex baseband.
The R&S ETL CDR software features:
●
Analysis of convergent digital radio (CDR) signals as defined by People's Republic
of China, Radio, Film and Television Industry Standard GY/T 268.1-2013
●
I/Q-based measurement results such as MER, constellation diagrams, power spectrum
This user manual contains a description of the functionality that the application provides, including remote control operation.
The R&S ETL CDR software is based on the R&S VSE Vector Signal Explorer Base
Software. Functions that are not discussed in this manual are the same as in the I/Q
Analyzer application and are described in the R&S VSE base software user manual.
The latest version is available for download at the product homepage http://
www.rohde-schwarz.com/product/VSE.html.
Note, however, that the R&S ETL CDR software does not support the full functionality
of the R&S VSE software.
In particular, the following restrictions apply:
●
No instruments other than R&S ETL are supported.
●
Only a single R&S ETL can be connected.
●
Only a single instance of the R&S VSE can be connected to the same R&S ETL at
the same time.
●
Only the R&S ETL CDR software (OFDM VSA) and the I/Q Analyzer are supported
as measurement modes. (Regardless of any other option licenses that may be
available on an FS-PC dongle, for example.)
● Introduction to Vector Signal Analysis.......................................................................7
● Installing the R&S ETL CDR software.......................................................................8
● Starting the R&S ETL CDR software...................................................................... 10
● Understanding the Display Information...................................................................12
2.1 Introduction to Vector Signal Analysis
The goal of vector signal analysis is to determine the quality of the signal that is transmitted by the device under test (DUT) by comparing it against an ideal signal. The DUT
is usually connected with the analyzer via a cable. The key task of the analyzer is to
determine the ideal signal. Hence, the analyzer aims to reconstruct the ideal signal
from the measured signal that is transmitted by the DUT. This ideal signal is commonly
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Welcome to the R&S ETL CDR software
Installing the R&S ETL CDR software
referred to as the reference signal, while the signal from the DUT is called the mea-
surement signal.
After extracting the reference signal, the R&S ETL CDR software compares the measurement signal and the reference signal, and the results of this comparison are displayed.
Example:
The most common vector signal analysis measurement is the MER (Modulation Error
Ratio) measurement. Here, the complex baseband reference signal is subtracted from
the complex baseband measurement signal. The magnitude of this error vector represents the MER value. The MER has the advantage that it "summarizes" all potential
errors and distortions in one single value. If the MER value is high, the signal quality of
the DUT is high.
Figure 2-1: Simplified schema of vector signal analysis
2.2
Installing the R&S ETL CDR software
2.2.1 Installing Required Components
The following software components must be installed to run the R&S ETL CDR software successfully:
●
Microsoft .NET Framework 4.0
●
R&S License Server
●
VISA (Virtual Instrument Software Architecture)
The R&S License Server and Microsoft .NET Framework 4.0 are installed automatically during installation of the R&S ETL CDR software.
VISA can be installed directly during installation of the R&S ETL CDR software, or
manually, independently of the R&S ETL CDR software installation.
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Welcome to the R&S ETL CDR software
Installing the R&S ETL CDR software
Installing the Microsoft .NET Framework
When you install the R&S ETL CDR software via the provided installation file (see
Chapter 2.2.2, "Installing the R&S ETL CDR software", on page 9), the installer
automatically checks whether the required Microsoft .NET Framework version is available on the PC. If not, an internet connection to the Microsoft website is established to
download the Framework version 4.0 (due to the large file size). Thus, before attempting to install the R&S ETL CDR software, ensure that a strong internet connection is
available from the PC, as downloading can take some time. Alternatively, download the
Framework 4.0 version from the internet manually before you start the R&S ETL CDR
software installation.
Installing VISA
It is also necessary to install VISA (Virtual Instrument Software Architecture) on the PC
to access instruments connected via IEEE or LAN bus.
It is recommended that you use the R&S VISA driver. The R&S VISA driver is supplied
with the R&S ETL CDR software installation, and can be installed together with the
R&S ETL CDR software (see Chapter 2.2.2, "Installing the R&S ETL CDR software",
on page 9).
Once the R&S ETL CDR software is installed, a status icon in the status bar indicates
whether the VISA installation is available.
2.2.2 Installing the R&S ETL CDR software
The R&S ETL CDR software is based on the R&S VSE base software. To install the
R&S ETL CDR software, the R&S VSE software installation package is used. It consists of one file, whose name contains the main version number, e.g.
VSESetup_V1.60.exe. It is referred to as VSESetup.exe throughout this description. Download the file from the Rohde & Schwarz web page at http://www.rohde-
schwarz.com/software/VSE.
The R&S ETL CDR software can only be installed on PCs using the 64-bit version of
Windows 7 or Windows 10. Installation on an R&S ETL instrument is not supported. It
is recommended that you copy the R&S VSE installation file to the hard disk of the PC
before you execute it.
To install the R&S ETL CDR software
1. Execute the VSESetup_XXX.exe file on the PC.
2. Select the required options to install:
● Unless you have ensured the required R&S VISA is installed manually before
starting the R&S VSE installation on a PC, be sure to keep the "R&S VISA"
option selected.
● "R&S VSE Vector Signal Explorer software"
● "R&S VSE K96 OFDM signal analysis"
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Welcome to the R&S ETL CDR software
Starting the R&S ETL CDR software
● "Activate R&S ETL-CDR K470"
3. Select "Install".
The installer performs the following actions:
●
Checks for the required Microsoft .NET Framework versions on the PC, and if necessary, downloads the required version from the Internet, before installing both versions
●
If enabled, installs the R&S VISA software on the PC
●
Installs the R&S ETL CDR software including an uninstall tool
●
Creates a shortcut on the desktop
●
If necessary (the software specifically asks you), sets the required environment
variables
This step can require administrator rights on the PC.
When the installation is complete, the dialog box turns green and all selected options
are indicated as "OK".
2.2.3 Deinstalling the R&S ETL CDR software
Access: "Start" > "All Programs" > "Rohde-Schwarz" > "VSE" > [version_number] >
"Uninstall VSE"
or: (Windows 7) "Start" > "Control Panel" > "Add or Remove Software"
or: (Windows 10) "Start" > "Settings" > "System" > "Apps & features" > "R&S VSE Sig-
nal Analyzer" > "Uninstall".
You can uninstall the R&S VSE itself via the uninstall tool available in the R&S VSE
folder, or via the standard Windows "Add or Remove Software" function.
2.3 Starting the R&S ETL CDR software
The R&S ETL CDR software is an application in the R&S VSE software.
Prerequisites for starting the R&S ETL CDR software
Before you start the R&S ETL CDR software, the following prerequisites must be met:
●
An Ethernet connection from the PC to an R&S ETL must be established.
●
The R&S ETL must have a valid R&S ETL-K470 CDR license and a firmware version 3.51 or later.
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Welcome to the R&S ETL CDR software
Starting the R&S ETL CDR software
The R&S ETL-K470 CDR license is a single license. That means only a single instance
of the R&S VSE can be connected to the same R&S ETL at the same time. If a second
R&S VSE instance (running on a different PC) attempts to connect to the same
R&S ETL, the second R&S VSE instance displays the following message: "ETL connection broken or removed. Shutting down application." The second instance then
shuts down automatically after 30 seconds.
To start the R&S ETL CDR software
1. Start the R&S VSE via the Windows "Start Menu" entry or the shortcut on the desktop.
2. Enter the IP address of the connected R&S ETL. If no valid R&S ETL-K470 CDR
license is found, the software does not start.
The R&S VSE software runs in an exclusive CDR mode. CDR mode is designed to
analyze CDR signals within the R&S VSE software. The correct channel "OFDM
VSA" is started automatically when the software is launched. Additionally, you can
start it by creating a measurement channel in CDR mode.
To activate the R&S ETL CDR software
1.
Select the "Add Channel" function in the Sequence tool window.
A dialog box opens that contains all operating modes and applications currently
available in your R&S VSE.
2. Select the "OFDM VSA" item.
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2.4 Understanding the Display Information
Welcome to the R&S ETL CDR software
Understanding the Display Information
The R&S VSE opens a new measurement channel for the R&S ETL CDR software.
The following figure shows a measurement diagram during analyzer operation. All different information areas are labeled. They are explained in more detail in the following
sections.
1
= Color coding for windows of same channel
2 = Channel bar with measurement settings
3 = Window title bar with diagram-specific (trace) information
4 = Diagram area
5 = Diagram footer with diagram-specific information, depending on result display
Channel bar information
In the R&S ETL CDR software, the following settings are shown:
Table 2-1: Information displayed in the channel bar in the R&S ETL CDR software
Ref Level Reference level
Att Mechanical and electronic RF attenuation
Freq Center frequency for the RF signal
Offset Reference level offset
SRate Sample Rate (fixed to 816 kHz)
Config Currently loaded configuration file
Capture Time How long data was captured in current sweep
FFT FFT size
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Understanding the Display Information
CP Length Cyclic prefix length of the beacon (CP1) and the data body (CP2)
Trigger to Frame Offset between the trigger event and the start of the CDR subframe
In addition, the channel bar also displays information on instrument settings that affect
the measurement results even though this is not immediately apparent from the display
of the measured values (e.g. transducer or trigger settings). This information is displayed only when applicable for the current measurement. For details, see the
R&S VSE base software user manual.
Window title bar information
For each diagram, the header provides the following information:
0
21 64 75
Figure 2-2: Window title bar information in R&S ETL CDR software
0 = Color coding for windows of same channel
1 = Edit result display function
2 = Channel name
3 = Window number
4 = Window type
5 = Trace color, trace number, trace mode
6 = Dock/undock window function
7 = Close window function
3
Diagram area
The diagram area displays the results according to the selected result displays (see
Chapter 3.2, "Evaluation Methods for CDR Measurements", on page 15).
Diagram footer information
The diagram footer (beneath the diagram) contains the start and stop symbols or time
of the evaluation range.
Status bar information
The software status, errors and warnings and any irregularities in the software are indicated in the status bar at the bottom of the R&S VSE window.
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3 CDR Measurement and Results
CDR Measurement and Results
CDR Parameters
For each measurement, a separate measurement channel is activated. Each measurement channel can provide multiple result displays, which are displayed in individual
windows. The measurement windows can be rearranged and configured in the
R&S ETL CDR software to meet your requirements. All windows that belong to the
same measurement (including the channel bar) are indicated by a colored line at the
top of the window title bar.
To add further result displays for the CDR channel
►
Select the
"Add Window" icon from the toolbar, or select the "Window > New
Window" menu item.
For details on working with channels and windows, see the "Operating Basics" chapter
in the R&S VSE base software user manual.
● CDR Parameters.....................................................................................................14
● Evaluation Methods for CDR Measurements..........................................................15
3.1 CDR Parameters
Several signal parameters are determined during vector signal analysis and displayed
in the Result Summary.
For details concerning the calculation of individual parameters, see Chapter C, "Formu-
lae", on page 176.
Table 3-1: CDR parameters
Parameter Description SCPI Parameter
MER [dB] Average Modulation Error Ratio (MER) for all data and all
pilot cells of the analyzed frames. The MER is the ratio of the
RMS power of the ideal reference signal to the RMS power
of the error vector.
MER[:ALL]
MER Data Symbols
[dB]
MER Pilot Symbols
[dB]
I/Q offset [dB] Transmitter center frequency leakage relative to the total Tx
Gain imbalance [dB] Amplification of the quadrature phase component of the sig-
Quadrature error [°] Phase angle between Q-channel and I-channel deviating
*) Required to retrieve the parameter result,
See FETCh:SUMM:<parameter>[:AVERage] on page 141
Average Modulation Error Ratio of the payload symbols over
all data carriers
Average Modulation Error Ratio of the payload symbols over
all pilot carriers
channel power
nal relative to the amplification of the in-phase component
from the ideal 90 degrees; measure for crosstalk from the Qbranch into the I-branch
MER:DATA
MER:PILot
IQOFset
GIMBalance
QUADerror
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Parameter Description SCPI Parameter
Frequency Error [Hz] Frequency error between the signal and the currently defined
center frequency
The R&S ETL CDR software is designed to compensate car-
rier offsets of up to ±2 kHz. For higher frequency offsets, you
must configure the Maximum Carrier Offset and the filters
accordingly (see Chapter 4.7, "Synchronization, Demodula-
tion and Tracking", on page 52 and "Filter Settings"
on page 50).
The absolute frequency error includes the frequency error of
the connected R&S ETL and that of the DUT. If possible, the
transmitter connected R&S ETL and the DUT should be
synchronized (using an external reference).
See R&S VSE base software user manual > "Configuring
Instruments"
Sample Clock Error Clock error between the signal and the sample clock of the
R&S ETL CDR software in parts per million (ppm), i.e. the
symbol timing error
If possible, the transmitter connected R&S ETL and the DUT
should be synchronized (using an external reference).
See R&S VSE base software user manual > "Configuring
Instruments"
Frame Power Average time domain power of the analyzed subframe
Crest factor [dB] The ratio of the peak power to the mean power of the ana-
lyzed subframe
FERRor
SERRor
POWer
CRESt
Trigger to Frame [s] (Displayed in channel bar only, not included in Result Sum-
mary.)
The time offset between the trigger event and the start of the
first CDR subframe
*) Required to retrieve the parameter result,
See FETCh:SUMM:<parameter>[:AVERage] on page 141
3.2 Evaluation Methods for CDR Measurements
The data that was measured by the R&S ETL CDR software can be evaluated using
various different methods without having to start a new measurement. Which results
are displayed depends on the selected evaluation.
The CDR measurement provides the following evaluation methods:
Allocation Matrix............................................................................................................16
CCDF............................................................................................................................ 17
Channel Flatness.......................................................................................................... 17
Constellation Diagram...................................................................................................18
Constellation vs Carrier.................................................................................................20
Constellation vs Symbol................................................................................................21
MER vs Carrier..............................................................................................................22
MER vs Symbol.............................................................................................................23
MER vs Symbol vs Carrier............................................................................................24
FETCh:TTFRame?
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Group Delay..................................................................................................................25
Impulse Response........................................................................................................ 25
Magnitude Capture........................................................................................................26
Marker Table ................................................................................................................ 27
Power vs Carrier........................................................................................................... 27
Power vs Symbol.......................................................................................................... 28
Power vs Symbol vs Carrier..........................................................................................29
Power Spectrum............................................................................................................30
Result Summary............................................................................................................30
Signal Flow....................................................................................................................31
Allocation Matrix
The Allocation Matrix display is a graphical representation of the OFDM cell structure
defined by the current CDR configuration.
Use markers to get more detailed information on the individual cells.
Figure 3-1: Allocation Matrix
The legend for the color coding is displayed at the top of the matrix.
Markers in the Allocation Matrix
Using markers you can detect individual allocation points for a specific symbol or carrier. When you activate a marker in the Allocation Matrix, its position is defined by the
symbol and carrier number the point belongs to. The marker result indicates the I and
Q values of the point.
See also "Markers in the Constellation diagram and Allocation Matrix" on page 63.
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH,AMATrix, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 132
TRACe<n>[:DATA]? on page 150, see Chapter 7.7.4.1, "Allocation Matrix",
on page 155
TRACe<n>[:DATA]:X? on page 151
TRACe<n>[:DATA]:Y? on page 151
Symbol unit: UNIT:SAXes on page 113
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CCDF
The CCDF results display shows the probability of an amplitude exceeding the mean
power. The x-axis displays power relative to the measured mean power.
Figure 3-2: CCDF display
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH,CCDF, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 132
TRACe:DATA?, see Chapter 7.7.4.2, "CCDF", on page 155
TRACe<n>[:DATA]:X? on page 151
Channel Flatness
The Channel Flatness display shows the amplitude of the channel transfer function vs.
carrier.
The channel flatness can only be calculated at valid carrier locations. This means that
a gap appears between the upper and lower half subband for spectrum mode index 9,
10, 22, and 23.
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Figure 3-3: Channel Flatness Display
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH,CHFL, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 132
TRACe:DATA?, see Chapter 7.7.4.3, "Channel Flatness", on page 155
TRACe<n>[:DATA]:X? on page 151
Carrier unit: UNIT:CAXes on page 111
Constellation Diagram
The Constellation Diagram shows the inphase and quadrature results for the analyzed
input data. The ideal points for the selected cell types are displayed for reference purposes.
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Figure 3-4: Constellation diagram
The legend for the color coding is displayed at the top of the matrix. If you click on one
of the codes, only the selected constellation points are displayed. Click again, and all
constellation points are displayed again (according to the constellation filter, see Chap-
ter 5.1, "Result Configuration", on page 57).
Markers in the Constellation diagram
Using markers you can detect individual constellation points for a specific symbol or
carrier. When you activate a marker in the Constellation diagram, its position is defined
by the symbol and carrier number the point belongs to. The marker result indicates the
I and Q values of the point.
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Figure 3-5: Marker in a Constellation diagram
See also "Markers in the Constellation diagram and Allocation Matrix" on page 63.
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH,CONS, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 132
TRACe:DATA?, see Chapter 7.7.4.4, "Constellation Diagram", on page 155
Marker I/Q values:
CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:Z? on page 147
Constellation vs Carrier
The Constellation vs. Carrier display shows the inphase and quadrature magnitude
results of all analyzed symbols over the corresponding carriers. The inphase values
are displayed as yellow dots; the quadrature-values are displayed as blue dots.
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Figure 3-6: Constellation vs. Carrier display
Note: This result display is only available if synchronization is successful.
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH,CCAR, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 132
TRACe:DATA?, see Chapter 7.7.4, "Using the TRACe[:DATA] Command",
on page 154
Carrier unit: UNIT:CAXes on page 111
Constellation vs Symbol
The Constellation vs. Symbol display shows the inphase and quadrature magnitude
results of all analyzed carriers over the corresponding symbols. The inphase values
are displayed as yellow dots; the quadrature-values are displayed as blue dots.
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Figure 3-7: Constellation vs. Symbol display
Note: This result display is only available if synchronization is successful.
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH,CSYM, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 132
TRACe:DATA?, see Chapter 7.7.4, "Using the TRACe[:DATA] Command",
on page 154
Symbol unit: UNIT:SAXes on page 113
MER vs Carrier
The MER vs Carrier display shows the MER of each carrier of the analyzed subframe
in the frequency domain. The results are provided in dB. Multiple traces display statistical evaluations over carriers.
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Figure 3-8: MER vs Carrier display
Note: This result display is only available if synchronization is successful.
Guard carriers to the left and right of the spectrum are not included in the MER calculation. However, zero cells and the DC carrier are included.
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH,MVC, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 132
TRACe:DATA?, see Chapter 7.7.4.7, "MER vs Carrier", on page 157
TRACe<n>[:DATA]:X? on page 151
Carrier unit: UNIT:CAXes on page 111
MER vs Symbol
The MER vs. Symbol display shows the MER of each symbol of the analyzed subframe in the time domain. The results are provided in dB. Multiple traces display statistical evaluations over symbols.
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Figure 3-9: MER vs Symbol display
Note: This result display is only available if synchronization is successful.
Guard carriers to the left and right of the spectrum are not included in the MER calculation. However, zero cells and the DC carrier are included.
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH,MVSY, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 132
TRACe:DATA?, see Chapter 7.7.4.8, "MER vs Symbol", on page 157
TRACe<n>[:DATA]:X? on page 151
Symbol unit: UNIT:SAXes on page 113
MER vs Symbol vs Carrier
The MER vs Symbol vs Carrier display shows the MER of each carrier (frequency
domain) and in each symbol (time domain) of the analyzed subframe.
Figure 3-10: MER vs Symbol vs Carrier display
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The MER values are represented by colors. The corresponding color map is displayed
at the top of the result display.
Note: This result display is only available if synchronization is successful.
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH,MVSC, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 132
TRACe:DATA?, see Chapter 7.7.4.9, "MER vs Symbol vs Carrier", on page 157
TRACe<n>[:DATA]:X? on page 151
TRACe<n>[:DATA]:Y? on page 151
Carrier unit: UNIT:CAXes on page 111
Symbol unit: UNIT:SAXes on page 113
Group Delay
The Group Delay display shows the relative group delay of the transmission channel
per carrier.
The group delay can only be calculated at valid carrier locations. This means that a
gap appears between the upper and lower half subband for spectrum mode index 9,
10, 22, and 23.
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH,GDEL, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 132
TRACe:DATA?, see Chapter 7.7.4.11, "Group Delay", on page 158
TRACe<n>[:DATA]:X? on page 151
Carrier unit: UNIT:CAXes on page 111
Impulse Response
The Channel Impulse Response display shows the impulse response of the channel
and its position within the guard interval. The start and the end of the cyclic prefix are
marked with blue lines.
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CP1 describes the cyclic prefix of the beacon. CP2 describes the cyclic prefix of the
data body. The impulse response calculation is based on the data body, hence the
valid echo detection range is indicated by CP2. Multiple traces display statistical evaluations over the upper and lower subband.
Figure 3-11: Channel Impulse Response Display
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH,IRES, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 132
TRACe:DATA?, see Chapter 7.7.4.12, "Impulse Response", on page 158
TRACe<n>[:DATA]:X? on page 151
Linear/ logarithmic scaling: UNIT:IRESponse on page 112
Magnitude Capture
The capture buffer contains the complete range of captured data for the last sweep.
The Magnitude Capture display shows the power of the captured I/Q data in dBm versus time. The analyzed frames are identified with a green bar at the bottom of the Magnitude Capture display.
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Figure 3-12: Magnitude Capture display
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH,MCAP, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 132
TRACe:DATA?, see Chapter 7.7.4.13, "Magnitude Capture", on page 159
TRACe<n>[:DATA]:X? on page 151
Time unit: UNIT:TAXes on page 113
Marker Table
Displays a table with the current marker values for the active markers.
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, MTAB, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 132
Results:
CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:X on page 117
CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:Y? on page 147
Power vs Carrier
The Power vs. Carrier display shows the power of all OFDM symbols in the analyzed
subframes for each carrier. The power is measured with a resolution bandwidth equal
to the carrier spacing.
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Figure 3-13: Power vs Carrier display
Note: This result display is only available if synchronization is successful.
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH,PCAR, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 132
TRACe:DATA?, see Chapter 7.7.4.14, "Power vs Carrier", on page 159
TRACe<n>[:DATA]:X? on page 151
Carrier unit: UNIT:CAXes on page 111
Power vs Symbol
The Power vs Symbol display shows the power of all OFDM carriers in the analyzed
subframes for each symbol. The power is measured with a resolution bandwidth equal
to the carrier spacing. Carriers which contain 'Zero'-cells over the complete symbol
range (e.g. guard carriers or DC carrier) are excluded.
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Figure 3-14: Power vs Symbol display
Note: This result display is only available if synchronization is successful.
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH,PSYM, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 132
TRACe:DATA?, see Chapter 7.7.4.15, "Power vs Symbol", on page 159
TRACe<n>[:DATA]:X? on page 151
Symbol unit: UNIT:SAXes on page 113
Power vs Symbol vs Carrier
The Power vs Carrier vs Symbol display shows the power of each carrier (= frequency
domain) in each symbol (= time domain) of the analyzed subframes in dBm. The power
is measured with a resolution bandwidth that equals the carrier spacing.
Figure 3-15: Power vs Symbol vs Carrier display
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The power levels are represented by colors. The corresponding color map is displayed
at the top of the result display.
Note: This result display is only available if synchronization is successful.
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH,PSC, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 132
TRACe:DATA?, see Chapter 7.7.4.16, "Power vs Symbol vs Carrier", on page 160
TRACe<n>[:DATA]:X? on page 151
TRACe<n>[:DATA]:Y? on page 151
Carrier unit: UNIT:CAXes on page 111
Symbol unit: UNIT:SAXes on page 113
Power Spectrum
The Power Spectrum display shows the power in dBm vs frequency results of the complete capture buffer. This display is always available.
Figure 3-16: Power Spectrum display
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH,PSP, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 132
TRACe:DATA?, see Chapter 7.7.4.17, "Power Spectrum", on page 160
Frequency unit: UNIT:FAXes on page 112
Result Summary
The Result Summary table provides numerical measurement results.
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Figure 3-17: Result Summary display
For details on the individual results, see Table 3-1.
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH,RSUM, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 132
Results:
FETCh:SUMMary[:ALL]? on page 140
Signal Flow
The Signal Flow display shows a detailed description of the current measurement status. If demodulation is not successful, it provides useful hints on possible reasons.
Unused blocks are shown in gray.
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Figure 3-18: Signal Flow display
For the synchronization blocks, a colored bar provides information about the reliability
of the synchronization result. If the level in the bar falls below the thresholds indicated
by the horizontal line, the color of the bar changes from green to yellow and finally to
red. If the synchronization of the block fails, all succeeding arrows change their color,
too.
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH,SFL, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 132
Retrieving results:
Chapter 7.7.2, "Retrieving Signal Flow Results", on page 141
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4 Configuring CDR Measurements
Configuring CDR Measurements
Configuration Overview
CDR measurements require the R&S ETL-K470 CDR Signal Analysis Software license
for the R&S ETL CDR software.
General R&S VSE functions
The application-independent functions for general tasks in the R&S VSE software are
also available for CDR measurements and are described in the R&S VSE base software user manual. In particular, this comprises the following functionality:
●
Controlling instruments and capturing I/Q data
●
Data management
●
General software preferences and information
● Configuration Overview...........................................................................................33
● CDR Configuration..................................................................................................35
● Input and Frontend Settings....................................................................................38
● Trigger Settings.......................................................................................................45
● Data Acquisition...................................................................................................... 48
● Result Ranges.........................................................................................................52
● Synchronization, Demodulation and Tracking.........................................................52
4.1 Configuration Overview
Throughout the measurement configuration, an overview of the most important currently defined settings is provided in the "Overview".
The "Overview" is displayed when you select the
or the "Meas Setup > Overview" menu item.
"Overview" icon in the main toolbar,
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Configuration Overview
Figure 4-1: Configuration "Overview" for CDR measurements
In addition to the main measurement settings, the "Overview" provides quick access to
the main settings dialog boxes. Thus, you can easily configure an entire measurement
channel from input over processing to evaluation by stepping through the dialog boxes
as indicated in the "Overview".
In particular, the "Overview" provides quick access to the following configuration dialog
boxes (listed in the recommended order of processing):
1. CDR Configuration
See Chapter 4.2, "CDR Configuration", on page 35
2. Input/Frontend
See Chapter 4.3, "Input and Frontend Settings", on page 38
3. Trigger
See Chapter 4.4, "Trigger Settings", on page 45
4. Data Acquisition
See Chapter 4.5, "Data Acquisition", on page 48
5. Result Range
See Chapter 4.6, "Result Ranges", on page 52
6. Synchronization and Demodulation Settings
See Chapter 4.7, "Synchronization, Demodulation and Tracking", on page 52
7. Tracking
See Chapter 4.7, "Synchronization, Demodulation and Tracking", on page 52
8. Result Configuration
See Chapter 5.1, "Result Configuration", on page 57
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Configuring CDR Measurements
CDR Configuration
To configure settings
► Select any button in the "Overview" to open the corresponding dialog box.
Select a setting in the channel bar (at the top of the measurement channel tab) to
change a specific setting.
Preset Channel............................................................................................................. 35
Specific Settings for ..................................................................................................... 35
Preset Channel
Select the "Preset Channel" button in the lower left-hand corner of the "Overview" to
restore all measurement settings in the current channel to their default values.
Remote command:
SYSTem:PRESet:CHANnel[:EXEC] on page 79
Specific Settings for
The channel may contain several windows for different results. Thus, the settings indicated in the "Overview" and configured in the dialog boxes vary depending on the
selected window.
Select an active window from the "Specific Settings for" selection list that is displayed
in the "Overview" and in all window-specific configuration dialog boxes.
The "Overview" and dialog boxes are updated to indicate the settings for the selected
window.
4.2 CDR Configuration
You must describe the expected CDR input signal so that the R&S ETL CDR software
can compare the measured signal to the expected reference signal. Depending on the
CDR configuration, a predefined configuration file is loaded to the R&S ETL CDR software which contains all other parameters required for the CDR measurement.
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CDR Configuration
Based on the CDR configuration, all relevant measurement parameters are set automatically in the R&S ETL CDR software:
●
Configuration file
●
Sample rate
●
FFT
●
CP length
●
Filter settings
●
Result length
Except for the filter settings, these parameters cannot be configured manually.
Filtering CDR signals
The R&S ETL CDR software uses an automatic filtering, especially designed for CDR
signals. This filtering consists of two parts.
●
The first filter is a channel filter to suppress the adjacent channels.
●
The second filter is a high-pass filter to suppress the FM signal between the upper
subband and the lower subband for spectrum mode index 9, 10, 22, or 23.
Depending on the spectrum mode index, the filter is automatically configured to
remove the highest FM-deviation frequencies, without suppressing the CDR OFDM
carriers. For the predefined filter configuration, a maximum carrier frequency offset of
±2 kHz is allowed. For higher frequency offsets, you must configure the Maximum Car-
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CDR Configuration
rier Offset and the filters accordingly (see Chapter 4.7, "Synchronization, Demodulation
and Tracking", on page 52 and "Filter Settings" on page 50).
Spectrum Mode Index...................................................................................................37
Transmission Mode.......................................................................................................37
Service Description Information Modulation..................................................................37
Service Data Modulation...............................................................................................37
Enable Service Data Hierarchical Coding.....................................................................37
Service Data Hierarchical Coding................................................................................. 38
Configuration File Details..............................................................................................38
└ Number of Subcarriers....................................................................................38
└ Number of Symbols........................................................................................ 38
└ Cyclic Prefix Length........................................................................................ 38
└ System description..........................................................................................38
Spectrum Mode Index
Defines the used spectrum mode according to the CDR standard. The spectrum mode
index defines the distance between the lower and the upper half subband. The filter
settings are adapted automatically according to the spectrum mode index.
See also "Filtering CDR signals" on page 36.
Remote command:
CONFigure:CDR:SMODe on page 81
Transmission Mode
Defines the used transmission mode according to the CDR standard. The transmission
mode defines the CDR demodulation and measurement parameters. The following settings are adapted automatically according to the transmission mode:
●
FFT
●
CP length
●
Result length
Remote command:
CONFigure:CDR:TMODe on page 81
Service Description Information Modulation
Defines the modulation type used for the service description information.
Remote command:
CONFigure:CDR:IMODulation on page 81
Service Data Modulation
Defines the modulation type used for the service data.
Remote command:
CONFigure:CDR:DMODulation on page 80
Enable Service Data Hierarchical Coding
If enabled, hierarchical coding for the service data is allowed (not for QPSK service
data modulation). You can define the alpha parameter for coding in Service Data Hier-
archical Coding.
If disabled, the coding parameter α = 1 is used.
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Input and Frontend Settings
Remote command:
CONFigure:CDR:HCODing:STATe on page 80
Service Data Hierarchical Coding
If hierarchical coding is enabled for service data (see Enable Service Data Hierarchical
Coding), the alpha parameter for coding is defined here. Otherwise the coding parame-
ter α = 1 is used.
Remote command:
CONFigure:CDR:HCODing on page 80
Configuration File Details
Indicates the most important measurement settings from the predefined configuration
file for reference.
Number of Subcarriers ← Configuration File Details
Indicates the number of subcarriers used by the signal.
Number of Symbols ← Configuration File Details
Indicates the number of OFDM symbols.
Cyclic Prefix Length ← Configuration File Details
Indicates the length of the cyclic prefix (CP) area of an OFDM symbol in the time
domain as a number of samples.
Since CDR signals use a beacon, two cyclic prefix lengths are indicated here.
●
CP1 describes the cyclic prefix of the beacon.
●
CP2 describes the cyclic prefix of the data body.
System description ← Configuration File Details
Provides a description of the signal configured in the file.
4.3 Input and Frontend Settings
Access: "Overview" > "Input/Frontend"
Or: "Input & Output"
The R&S ETL CDR software can evaluate signals from different input sources.
The frequency and amplitude settings represent the "frontend" of the measurement
setup.
● Input Source Settings..............................................................................................38
● Frequency Settings................................................................................................. 42
● Amplitude Settings.................................................................................................. 43
4.3.1 Input Source Settings
Access: "Overview" > "Input/Frontend" > "Input Source"
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4.3.1.1 Radio Frequency Input
Configuring CDR Measurements
Input and Frontend Settings
Or: "Input & Output" > "Input Source"
The R&S ETL CDR software can control the input sources of the connected instrument.
● Radio Frequency Input............................................................................................39
● I/Q File Input............................................................................................................40
Access: "Overview" > "Input/Frontend" > "Input Source" > "Radio Frequency"
Or: "Input & Output" > "Input Source" > "Radio Frequency"
The default input source for the R&S ETL CDR software is "Radio Frequency".
Figure 4-2: RF input source settings for an R&S ETL
Input Type (Instrument / File)........................................................................................39
Instrument..................................................................................................................... 40
Impedance ................................................................................................................... 40
Preselector State...........................................................................................................40
Input Type (Instrument / File)
Selects an instrument or a file as the type of input provided to the channel.
Remote command:
INSTrument:BLOCk:CHANnel[:SETTings]:SOURce<si> on page 85
INPut<ip>:SELect on page 84
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Input and Frontend Settings
Instrument
Specifies a configured instrument to be used for input.
For the R&S ETL CDR software, only an R&S ETL can be specified.
Impedance
By default, the R&S ETL has an input impedance of 50 Ω. If the optional preselector
R&S ETL-B203 is installed, the reference impedance for the measured levels of the
connected R&S ETL can be set to 50 Ω or 75 Ω.
This value also affects the unit conversion.
Remote command:
INPut<ip>:IMPedance on page 83
Preselector State
Turns the optional preselector R&S ETL-B203 on or off, if installed. No further settings
are available for the preselector.
Remote command:
INPut<ip>:PRESelection[:STATe] on page 84
4.3.1.2 I/Q File Input
Access: "Overview" > "Input" > "Input Source" > "I/Q File"
Access: "Overview" > "Input/Frontend" > "Input Source" > "I/Q File"
Or: "Input & Output" > "Input Source" > "I/Q File"
Alternatively to "live" data input from a connected instrument, measurement data to be
analyzed by the R&S ETL CDR software can also be provided "offline" by a stored data
file. This allows you to perform a measurement on any R&S ETL, store the results to a
file, and analyze the stored data partially or as a whole at any time using the R&S ETL
CDR software. Note that analysis with the R&S ETL CDR software requires an
R&S ETL with the R&S ETL-K470 CDR Signal Analysis Software license installed to
be connected.
Loading a file via drag&drop
You can load a file simply by selecting it in a file explorer and dragging it to the R&S
ETL CDR software. Drop it into the "Measurement Group Setup" window or the channel bar for any channel. The channel is automatically configured for file input, if necessary. If the file contains all essential information, the file input is immediately displayed
in the channel. Otherwise, the "Recall I/Q Recording" dialog box is opened for the
selected file so you can enter the missing information.
For details see the R&S VSE base software user manual.
The "Input Source" settings defined in the "Input" dialog box are identical to those configured for a specific channel in the "Measurement Group Setup" window.
(See "Controlling Instruments and Capturing Data" in the R&S VSE base software user
manual).
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Input and Frontend Settings
Encrypted .wv files can also be imported. Note, however, that traces resulting from
encrypted file input cannot be exported or stored in a saveset.
See the Data Management chapter in the R&S VSE base software user manual.
Input Type (Instrument / File)........................................................................................41
Input File....................................................................................................................... 41
Zero Padding.................................................................................................................41
Input Type (Instrument / File)
Selects an instrument or a file as the type of input provided to the channel.
Remote command:
INSTrument:BLOCk:CHANnel[:SETTings]:SOURce<si> on page 85
INPut<ip>:SELect on page 84
Input File
Specifies the I/Q data file to be used for input.
Select "Select File" to open the "Load I/Q File" dialog box.
(See "Data Management - Loading the I/Q Data File" in the R&S VSE base software
user manual).
Zero Padding
Enables or disables zero padding for input from an I/Q data file that requires resampling. For resampling, a number of samples are required due to filter settling. These
samples can either be taken from the provided I/Q data, or the software can add the
required number of samples (zeros) at the beginning and end of the file.
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4.3.2 Frequency Settings
Configuring CDR Measurements
Input and Frontend Settings
If enabled, the required number of samples are inserted as zeros at the beginning and
end of the file. The entire input data is analyzed. However, the additional zeros can
effect the determined spectrum of the I/Q data. If zero padding is enabled, a status
message is displayed.
If disabled (default), no zeros are added. The required samples for filter settling are
taken from the provided I/Q data in the file. The start time in the R&S VSE Player is
adapted to the actual start (after filter settling).
Note: You can activate zero padding directly when you load the file, or afterwards in
the "Input Source" settings.
Remote command:
INPut<ip>:FILE:ZPADing on page 83
Access: "Input & Output" > "Frequency"
Center Frequency ........................................................................................................ 42
Center Frequency Stepsize...........................................................................................43
Frequency Offset ..........................................................................................................43
Center Frequency
Defines the center frequency of the signal in Hertz.
0 Hz ≤ f
f
and span
max
center
≤ f
max
depend on the instrument and are specified in the data sheet.
min
Note: For file input, you can shift the center frequency of the current measurement
compared to the stored measurement data. The maximum shift depends on the sample rate of the file data.
If the file does not provide the center frequency, it is assumed to be 0 Hz.
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Input and Frontend Settings
In order to ensure that the input data remains within the valid analysis bandwidth,
define the center frequency and the analysis bandwidth for the measurement such that
the following applies:
Remote command:
[SENSe:]FREQuency:CENTer on page 86
Center Frequency Stepsize
Defines the step size when scrolling through center frequency values. The step size
can be set to a predefined value, or it can be manually set to a user-defined value.
"Auto"
"Manual"
Remote command:
[SENSe:]FREQuency:CENTer:STEP:AUTO on page 87
[SENSe:]FREQuency:CENTer:STEP on page 87
The step size is set to the default value of 1 MHz.
Defines a user-defined step size for the center frequency. Enter the
step size in the "Value" field.
Frequency Offset
Shifts the displayed frequency range along the x-axis by the defined offset.
This parameter has no effect on the instrument's hardware, or on the captured data or
on data processing. It is simply a manipulation of the final results in which absolute frequency values are displayed. Thus, the x-axis of a spectrum display is shifted by a
constant offset if it shows absolute frequencies. However, if it shows frequencies relative to the signal's center frequency, it is not shifted.
A frequency offset can be used to correct the display of a signal that is slightly distorted
by the measurement setup, for example.
The allowed values range from -100 GHz to 100 GHz. The default setting is 0 Hz.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]FREQuency:OFFSet on page 87
4.3.3 Amplitude Settings
Access: "Overview" > "Input/Frontend" > "Amplitude"
Or: "Input & Output" > "Amplitude"
Amplitude settings determine how the connected R&S ETL must process or display the
expected input power levels.
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Input and Frontend Settings
Reference Level ...........................................................................................................44
└ Shifting the Display ( Offset ).......................................................................... 44
RF Attenuation ............................................................................................................. 45
└ Attenuation Mode / Value ...............................................................................45
Input Settings ............................................................................................................... 45
└ Preamplifier ....................................................................................................45
└ Impedance ..................................................................................................... 45
Reference Level
Defines the expected maximum reference level. Signal levels above this value may not
be measured correctly. This is indicated by an "IF Overload" status display.
The reference level can also be used to scale power diagrams; the reference level is
then used as the maximum on the y-axis.
Since the hardware of the connected R&S ETL is adapted according to this value, it is
recommended that you set the reference level close above the expected maximum signal level. Thus you ensure an optimum measurement (no compression, good signal-tonoise ratio).
Remote command:
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe]:RLEVel on page 88
Shifting the Display ( Offset ) ← Reference Level
Defines an arithmetic level offset. This offset is added to the measured level. In some
result displays, the scaling of the y-axis is changed accordingly.
Define an offset if the signal is attenuated or amplified before it is fed into the R&S ETL
CDR software so the application shows correct power results. All displayed power level
results are shifted by this value.
The setting range is ±200 dB in 0.01 dB steps.
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Trigger Settings
Note, however, that the internal reference level (used to adjust the hardware settings to
the expected signal) ignores any "Reference Level Offset" . Thus, it is important to
keep in mind the actual power level the R&S ETL CDR software must handle. Do not
rely on the displayed reference level (internal reference level = displayed reference
level - offset).
Remote command:
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe]:RLEVel:OFFSet on page 88
RF Attenuation
Defines the attenuation applied to the RF input of the R&S ETL.
Attenuation Mode / Value ← RF Attenuation
The RF attenuation can be set automatically as a function of the selected reference
level (Auto mode). This ensures that no overload occurs at the RF Input connector for
the current reference level. It is the default setting.
In "Manual" mode, you can set the RF attenuation in 1 dB steps (down to 0 dB). Other
entries are rounded to the next integer value. The range is specified in the data sheet.
If the defined reference level cannot be set for the defined RF attenuation, the reference level is adjusted accordingly and the warning "limit reached" is displayed.
NOTICE! Risk of hardware damage due to high power levels. When decreasing the
attenuation manually, ensure that the power level does not exceed the maximum level
allowed at the RF input, as an overload may lead to hardware damage.
Remote command:
INPut<ip>:ATTenuation on page 88
INPut<ip>:ATTenuation:AUTO on page 89
Input Settings
Some input settings affect the measured amplitude of the signal, as well.
Preamplifier ← Input Settings
You can use a preamplifier to analyze RF input from DUTs with low output power.
Remote command:
INPut<ip>:GAIN:STATe on page 91
Impedance ← Input Settings
By default, the R&S ETL has an input impedance of 50 Ω. If the optional preselector
R&S ETL-B203 is installed, the reference impedance for the measured levels of the
connected R&S ETL can be set to 50 Ω or 75 Ω.
This value also affects the unit conversion.
Remote command:
INPut<ip>:IMPedance on page 83
4.4 Trigger Settings
Access: "Input & Output" > "Trigger"
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Configuring CDR Measurements
Trigger Settings
Trigger settings determine when the input signal is measured.
Trigger Source ..............................................................................................................46
└ Free Run ........................................................................................................46
└ External Trigger 1 .......................................................................................... 46
└ IF Power .........................................................................................................46
└ Magnitude (Offline) ........................................................................................ 47
Trigger Level ................................................................................................................ 47
Trigger Offset ............................................................................................................... 47
Hysteresis .................................................................................................................... 47
Trigger Holdoff ..............................................................................................................48
Slope ............................................................................................................................48
Trigger Source
Selects the trigger source. If a trigger source other than "Free Run" is set, "TRG" is displayed in the channel bar and the trigger source is indicated.
Remote command:
TRIGger[:SEQuence]:SOURce on page 94
Free Run ← Trigger Source
No trigger source is considered. Data acquisition is started manually or automatically
and continues until stopped explicitly.
Remote command:
TRIG:SOUR IMM, see TRIGger[:SEQuence]:SOURce on page 94
External Trigger 1 ← Trigger Source
Data acquisition starts when the TTL signal fed into the trigger input connector of the
R&S ETL CDR software meets or exceeds the specified trigger level.
(See " Trigger Level " on page 47).
Remote command:
TRIG:SOUR EXT
See TRIGger[:SEQuence]:SOURce on page 94
IF Power ← Trigger Source
The R&S ETL CDR software starts capturing data as soon as the trigger level is exceeded around the third intermediate frequency.
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Configuring CDR Measurements
Trigger Settings
For frequency sweeps, the third IF represents the start frequency. The trigger bandwidth at the third IF depends on the RBW and sweep type.
For measurements on a fixed frequency (e.g. zero span or I/Q measurements), the
third IF represents the center frequency.
(The third IF represents the center frequency.)
This trigger source is only available for RF input.
The available trigger levels depend on the RF attenuation and preamplification. A refer-
ence level offset, if defined, is also considered.
For details on available trigger levels and trigger bandwidths, see the data sheet.
Remote command:
TRIG:SOUR IFP, see TRIGger[:SEQuence]:SOURce on page 94
Magnitude (Offline) ← Trigger Source
For (offline) input from a file, rather than an instrument. Triggers on a specified signal
level.
Remote command:
TRIG:SOUR MAGN, see TRIGger[:SEQuence]:SOURce on page 94
Trigger Level
Defines the trigger level for the specified trigger source.
For details on supported trigger levels, see the data sheet.
Remote command:
TRIGger[:SEQuence]:LEVel[:EXTernal<port>] on page 93
Trigger Offset
Defines the time offset between the trigger event and the start of the measurement.
Offset > 0: Start of the measurement is delayed
Offset < 0: Measurement starts earlier (pretrigger)
(If supported by the connected R&S ETL.)
Remote command:
TRIGger[:SEQuence]:HOLDoff[:TIME] on page 92
Hysteresis
Defines the distance in dB to the trigger level that the trigger source must exceed
before a trigger event occurs. Setting a hysteresis avoids unwanted trigger events
caused by noise oscillation around the trigger level.
This setting is only available for "IF Power" or "Magnitude (Offline)" trigger sources.
The range of the value is between 3 dB and 50 dB with a step width of 1 dB.
Remote command:
TRIGger[:SEQuence]:IFPower:HYSTeresis on page 92
TRIGger[:SEQuence]:MAPower:HYSTeresis on page 94
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4.5 Data Acquisition
Configuring CDR Measurements
Data Acquisition
Trigger Holdoff
Defines the minimum time (in seconds) that must pass between two trigger events.
Trigger events that occur during the holdoff time are ignored.
Remote command:
TRIGger[:SEQuence]:IFPower:HOLDoff on page 92
TRIGger[:SEQuence]:MAPower:HOLDoff on page 93
Slope
For all trigger sources except time, you can define whether triggering occurs when the
signal rises to the trigger level or falls down to it.
Remote command:
TRIGger[:SEQuence]:SLOPe on page 94
Configure how data is to be acquired in the "Data Acquisition" dialog box.
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Configuring CDR Measurements
Data Acquisition
Capture Time.................................................................................................................49
Capture Length............................................................................................................. 49
Swap I/Q ...................................................................................................................... 49
Sample Rate................................................................................................................. 49
Maximum Bandwidth.....................................................................................................50
Filter Settings................................................................................................................ 50
Filter State.....................................................................................................................50
6-dB Bandwidth.............................................................................................................50
50-dB Bandwidth...........................................................................................................51
Highpass Filter State.....................................................................................................51
6-dB Bandwidth.............................................................................................................51
50-dB Bandwidth...........................................................................................................51
Refresh..........................................................................................................................52
Capture Time
Specifies the duration (and therefore the amount of data) to be captured in the capture
buffer. If the capture time is too short, demodulation will fail. In particular, if the result
length does not fit in the capture buffer, demodulation will fail.
For CDR, this means:
A CDR subframe has a duration of 160 ms. This is the minimal capture time for a suc-
cessful demodulation for a triggered capture. The default capture time is 320.9 ms, so
that untriggered captures will also contain one complete CDR subframe. For deactivated filters (see "Filter Settings" on page 50), the maximum capture time is 641.8 ms.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]SWEep:TIME on page 99
Capture Length
Defines the number of samples to be captured during each measurement. The
required Capture Time is adapted accordingly.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]SWEep:LENGth on page 99
Swap I/Q
Activates or deactivates the inverted I/Q modulation. If the I and Q parts of the signal
from the DUT are interchanged, the R&S ETL CDR software can do the same to compensate for it.
On I and Q signals are interchanged
Inverted sideband, Q+j*I
Off I and Q signals are not interchanged
Normal sideband, I+j*Q
Remote command:
[SENSe:]SWAPiq on page 98
Sample Rate
Defines the I/Q data sample rate of the R&S ETL CDR software.
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Configuring CDR Measurements
Data Acquisition
For the R&S ETL CDR software, the sample rate is fixed to 816 kHz.
Remote command:
TRACe:IQ:SRATe on page 99
Maximum Bandwidth
Depending on the connected R&S ETL, the maximum bandwidth to be used by the
R&S ETL CDR software for I/Q data acquisition can be restricted. This setting is only
available if a bandwidth extension option is installed on the connected R&S ETL. Otherwise the maximum bandwidth is determined automatically.
The available values depend on the instrument and the installed bandwidth extension
options. For details see the instrument's documentation.
For the R&S ETL CDR software, the maximum bandwidth is always determined automatically.
Remote command:
TRACe:IQ:WBANd[:STATe] on page 100
TRACe:IQ:WBANd:MBWidth on page 100
Filter Settings
Defines whether the filters are configured automatically according to the loaded configuration file.
Remote command:
INPut<ip>:FILTer:CHANnel[:LPASs]:AUTO on page 96
Filter State
Defines whether a channel filter - and a highpass filter, if active - is applied to the I/Q
data before OFDM demodulation.
Remote command:
INPut<ip>:FILTer:CHANnel[:LPASs][:STATe] on page 98
6-dB Bandwidth
Configures the bandwidth of the channel filter at which an attenuation of 6 dB is
reached (see Figure 4-3). The filter bandwidth cannot be higher than the current Sam-
ple Rate. If necessary, the filter bandwidth is adapted to the current sample rate.
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Configuring CDR Measurements
Data Acquisition
Figure 4-3: Definition of filter bandwidths
Remote command:
INPut<ip>:FILTer:CHANnel[:LPASs]:SDBBw on page 97
50-dB Bandwidth
Configures the 50-dB bandwidth of the channel filter. The 50-dB bandwidth is the bandwidth at which the filter reaches an attenuation of 50 dB (see Figure 4-3). This bandwidth must always be larger than the "6-dB Bandwidth" on page 50. If necessary, the
50-dB bandwidth is adapted to the current 6-dB bandwidth.
Remote command:
INPut<ip>:FILTer:CHANnel[:LPASs]:FDBBw on page 97
Highpass Filter State
Activates or deactivates an additional internal highpass filter.
Remote command:
INPut<ip>:FILTer:CHANnel:HPASs[:STATe] on page 97
6-dB Bandwidth
Configures the bandwidth of the high pass filter at which an attenuation of 6 dB is
reached (see Figure 4-3). The filter bandwidth cannot be higher than the current 6-dB
Bandwidth of the channel filter. If necessary, the filter bandwidth is adapted to the
same value.
Remote command:
INPut<ip>:FILTer:CHANnel:HPASs:SDBBw on page 96
50-dB Bandwidth
Indicates the 50-dB bandwidth of the high pass filter. The 50-dB bandwidth is the bandwidth at which the filter reaches an attenuation of 50 dB (see Figure 4-3). This bandwidth must always be smaller than the 6-dB Bandwidth of the high pass filter.
The 50-dB bandwidth cannot be defined manually. It is automatically determined
according to the relation between the 6-dB bandwidth and the 50-dB bandwidth of the
channel filter (see 6-dB Bandwidth and 50-dB Bandwidth).
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4.6 Result Ranges
Configuring CDR Measurements
Synchronization, Demodulation and Tracking
Remote command:
INPut<ip>:FILTer:CHANnel:HPASs:FDBBw? on page 96
Refresh
Access: "Auto Set" toolbar:
Repeats the evaluation of the data currently in the capture buffer without capturing new
data. This is useful after changing settings, for example filters or evaluation ranges.
Remote command:
INITiate:REFResh on page 96
The result range is an extract from the capture buffer and defines the data basis used
for further analysis.
Max No of Frames to Analyze.......................................................................................52
Result Length................................................................................................................52
Max No of Frames to Analyze
Defines the maximum number of OFDM frames from the current capture buffer to be
included in analysis.
For the R&S ETL CDR software, a single subframe is analyzed.
Result Length
Configures the number of OFDM symbols per subframe to be analyzed. This value is
determined automatically based on the Transmission Mode (see Chapter 4.2, "CDR
Configuration", on page 35). Note that this default value is the maximum value, lower
values can be entered manually.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]DEMod:FORMat:NOFSymbols on page 100
4.7 Synchronization, Demodulation and Tracking
Access: "Overview" > "Sync / Demod"/"Tracking"
Or: "Meas Setup" > "Sync / Demod"/"Tracking"
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Configuring CDR Measurements
Synchronization, Demodulation and Tracking
The following settings determine how the input signal is synchronized, demodulated,
and tracked.
Time Synchronization....................................................................................................53
Parameter Estimation....................................................................................................54
Modulation Detection.................................................................................................... 54
Synchronization Thresholds..........................................................................................54
└ Minimum Time Sync Metric.............................................................................54
└ Minimum Frame Sync Metric.......................................................................... 54
Phase Tracking............................................................................................................. 55
Timing Tracking.............................................................................................................55
Level Tracking...............................................................................................................55
Channel Compensation.................................................................................................55
FFT Shift relative to Cyclic Prefix Length......................................................................55
Maximum Carrier Offset................................................................................................56
Cyclic Delay.................................................................................................................. 56
Time Synchronization
Specifies the synchronization method in the time domain.
For the R&S ETL CDR software, time synchronization always uses the cyclic prefix
method, which performs a correlation of the cyclic prefix with the end of the FFT interval.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]DEMod:TSYNc on page 103
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Configuring CDR Measurements
Synchronization, Demodulation and Tracking
Parameter Estimation
Defines which parts of the OFDM signal are used for the parameter estimation.
For the R&S ETL CDR software, parameter estimation always considers only the pre-
defined pilot cells.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]DEMod:FSYNc on page 102
Modulation Detection
Specifies how the modulation of the data cells is detected.
The R&S ETL CDR software can use the modulation configured in the configuration file
for each cell.
For the R&S ETL CDR software, modulation detection always uses the modulation for-
mat configured for the cell.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]DEMod:MDETect on page 103
Synchronization Thresholds
If you require a particular reliability in synchronization results, define thresholds for the
success of synchronization required to calculate results. The current reliability is indicated in the Signal Flow.
High thresholds are useful if several similar, but not identical frames, must be distinguished. In this case, it is important that the application synchronizes only to the correct frame in order to obtain correct results.
On the other hand, if the signal quality is poor, only a low level of reliability in synchronization can be achieved. In this case, high thresholds may prevent the application
from evaluating any frames at all.
Minimum Time Sync Metric ← Synchronization Thresholds
Defines the minimum reliability required for time synchronization.
Values between 0 and 1 are allowed, where:
●
0: low threshold, a very poor reliability is sufficient to synchronize successfully
(always fulfilled)
●
1: high threshold, time synchronization must be absolutely reliable to be successful
(only possible for ideal signal).
The default value is 0.5, that means: for a reliability of 50 %, time synchronization is
successful.
Minimum Frame Sync Metric ← Synchronization Thresholds
Defines the minimum correlation rate of the CP or preample for frame synchronization
to be successful.
Values between 0 and 1 are allowed, where:
●
0: low threshold, a very poor correlation is sufficient to synchronize successfully
(always fulfilled)
●
1: high threshold, correlation must be very precise for frame synchronization to be
successful (only possible for ideal signal).
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Configuring CDR Measurements
Synchronization, Demodulation and Tracking
The default value is 0.5, that means: for a correlation of 50 %, frame synchronization is
successful.
Phase Tracking
Defines whether phase tracking is used to improve the signal quality. The compensation is done on a per-symbol basis.
Remote command:
SENSe:TRACking:PHASe on page 104
Timing Tracking
Defines whether timing tracking is used to improve the signal quality (for sample clock
deviations). The compensation is done on a per-symbol basis.
Remote command:
SENSe:TRACking:TIME on page 104
Level Tracking
Defines whether level tracking is used to improve the signal quality (for power level
deviations). The compensation is done on a per-symbol basis.
Remote command:
SENSe:TRACking:LEVel on page 103
Channel Compensation
Defines whether channel tracking is used to improve the signal quality (for the channel
transfer function). The compensation is done on a per-carrier basis.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]COMPensate:CHANnel on page 101
FFT Shift relative to Cyclic Prefix Length
Defines the starting point of the FFT relative to the cyclic prefix length. Thus, you can
shift the FFT start sample within the guard interval. This is useful if relevant parts of the
channel impulse response fall outside the cyclic prefix interval.
A value of 0 is the first sample; a value of 1.0 is the last sample of the cyclic prefix.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]DEMod:FFTShift on page 102
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Configuring CDR Measurements
Synchronization, Demodulation and Tracking
Maximum Carrier Offset
The R&S ETL CDR software can compensate for possible carrier offsets. However,
searching for offsets slows down the measurement. This setting defines the range of
carriers in which the R&S ETL CDR software searches for an offset.
To eliminate the search for carrier offset altogether, set the number of carriers to 0. In
this case, the center frequency offset must be less than half the carrier distance to
obtain useful results.
The default value of 5 carriers allows for a frequency offset compensation of up to
±2 kHz.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]DEMod:COFFset on page 102
Cyclic Delay
Defines a cyclic shift of the FFT values for each OFDM symbol on the transmitter end
before adding the cyclic prefix. This known shift should be compensated in the receiver
to get a correct channel phase response.
For the R&S ETL CDR software, the cyclic delay is always assumed to be 0.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]DEMod:CDD on page 101
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5 Analyzing CDR Vector Signals
5.1 Result Configuration
Analyzing CDR Vector Signals
Result Configuration
Access: "Overview" > "Result Configuration"
General result analysis settings concerning the trace, markers, windows etc. can be
configured. They are identical to the analysis functions in the base unit except for the
special window functions.
● Result Configuration................................................................................................57
● Table Configuration.................................................................................................59
● Units........................................................................................................................59
● Y-Scaling.................................................................................................................60
● Markers................................................................................................................... 62
● Trace Settings.........................................................................................................68
● Trace / Data Export Configuration...........................................................................70
Some result displays provide further settings.
Normalize MER to.........................................................................................................58
Frame Averaging...........................................................................................................58
Constellation Display - Modulation Type.......................................................................58
Constellation Display - Modulation................................................................................58
Constellation Display - Symbol..................................................................................... 58
Constellation Display - Carrier...................................................................................... 58
Constellation Display - Point Size................................................................................. 58
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Analyzing CDR Vector Signals
Result Configuration
Normalize MER to
Specifies the OFDM cells which are averaged to get the reference magnitude for MER
normalization.
"RMS Pilots &
Data"
"RMS Data"
"RMS Pilots"
"Peak Pilots &
Data"
"Peak Data"
"Peak Pilots"
"None"
Remote command:
[SENSe:]DEMod:EVMCalc:NORMalize on page 107
Frame Averaging
Not available for the R&S ETL CDR software.
RMS value of the pilot and data cells
RMS value of the data cells
RMS value of the pilot cells
Peak value of the pilot and data cells
Peak value of the data cells
Peak value of the pilot cells
Normalization is turned off.
Constellation Display - Modulation Type
The constellation diagram includes only symbols for the selected modulation types.
The selected modulation types are indicated in the constellation diagram for reference.
Remote command:
CONFigure:FILTer<n>:MODulation:TYPE on page 108
Constellation Display - Modulation
The constellation diagram includes only symbols with the selected modulation.
Remote command:
CONFigure:FILTer<n>:MODulation on page 107
Constellation Display - Symbol
The constellation diagram includes all or only the specified symbol number. The first
symbol number is 0.
Remote command:
CONFigure:FILTer<n>:SYMBol on page 108
Constellation Display - Carrier
The constellation diagram includes symbols for all or only for the specified carrier number.
Remote command:
CONFigure:FILTer<n>:CARRier on page 107
Constellation Display - Point Size
Defines the size of the individual points in a constellation diagram.
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5.2 Table Configuration
Analyzing CDR Vector Signals
Units
Access: "Overview" > "Result Configuration" > "Table Config"
Or: "Meas Setup" > "Result Configuration" > "Table Config" tab
During each measurement, a large number of characteristic signal parameters are
determined. Select the parameters to be included in the table. For a description of the
individual parameters, see Chapter 3.1, "CDR Parameters", on page 14.
5.3 Units
Access: "Overview" > "Result Configuration" > "Units"
Or: "Meas Setup" > "Result Configuration" > "Units" tab
For some result configurations, the unit of the displayed values can be configured.
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Analyzing CDR Vector Signals
Y-Scaling
Remote command:
UNIT:IRESponse on page 112
UNIT:SAXes on page 113
UNIT:CAXes on page 111
UNIT:TAXes on page 113
UNIT:FAXes on page 112
5.4 Y-Scaling
Access: "Overview" > "Result Configuration" > "Y Scaling"
Or: "Meas Setup" > "Result Configuration" > "Y Scaling" tab
The scaling for the vertical axis is highly configurable, using either absolute or relative
values. Note that scaling settings are window-specific and not available for all result
displays.
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Analyzing CDR Vector Signals
Y-Scaling
Automatic Grid Scaling..................................................................................................61
Auto Scale Once........................................................................................................... 61
Absolute Scaling (Min/Max Values)...............................................................................61
Relative Scaling (Reference/ per Division)....................................................................62
└ Per Division.....................................................................................................62
└ Ref Position.....................................................................................................62
└ Ref Value........................................................................................................ 62
Automatic Grid Scaling
The y-axis is scaled automatically according to the current measurement settings and
results (continuously).
Note: Tip: To update the scaling automatically once when this setting for continuous
scaling is off, use the Auto Scale Once function.
Remote command:
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe]:AUTO on page 109
Auto Scale Once
If enabled, both the x-axis and y-axis are automatically adapted to the current measurement results (only once, not dynamically) in the selected window.
Remote command:
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe]:AUTO on page 109
Absolute Scaling (Min/Max Values)
Define the scaling using absolute minimum and maximum values.
Remote command:
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe]:MAXimum on page 109
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe]:MINimum on page 110
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Analyzing CDR Vector Signals
Markers
Relative Scaling (Reference/ per Division)
Define the scaling relative to a reference value, with a specified value range per division.
Per Division ← Relative Scaling (Reference/ per Division)
Defines the value range to be displayed per division of the diagram (1/10 of total
range).
Note: The value defined per division refers to the default display of 10 divisions on the
y-axis. If fewer divisions are displayed (e.g. because the window is reduced in height),
the range per division is increased to display the same result range in the smaller window. In this case, the per division value does not correspond to the actual display.
Remote command:
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe]:PDIVision on page 110
Ref Position ← Relative Scaling (Reference/ per Division)
Defines the position of the reference value in percent of the total y-axis range.
Remote command:
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe]:RPOSition on page 111
Ref Value ← Relative Scaling (Reference/ per Division)
Defines the reference value to be displayed at the specified reference position.
Remote command:
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe]:RVALue on page 111
5.5 Markers
Access: "Overview" > "Result Config" > "Markers"
Or: "Marker"
Markers help you analyze your measurement results by determining particular values
in the diagram. Thus you can extract numeric values from a graphical display.
Markers in 3-dimensional diagrams
Some diagrams have a third dimension - in addition to the x-axis and y-axis they show
a third dimension (z-dimension) of results using different colors. For such diagrams,
you must define the position of the marker both in the x-dimension and in the y-dimension to obtain the results in the z-dimension.
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5.5.1 Individual Marker Settings
Analyzing CDR Vector Signals
Markers
Markers in the Constellation diagram and Allocation Matrix
Using markers in a Constellation diagram you can detect individual constellation points
for a specific symbol or carrier. When you activate a marker in the Constellation diagram, its position is defined by the symbol and carrier number the point belongs to,
while the marker result indicates the I and Q values of the point.
Similarly, you can define markers in an Allocation Matrix by selecting the symbol and
carrier number.
Using markers in the Constellation diagram and Allocation Matrix you can scroll
through the points for a specific carrier, for example. Activate a marker, then use the
rotary knob or mouse wheel to move the marker from one symbol to the next.
● Individual Marker Settings.......................................................................................63
● General Marker Settings......................................................................................... 66
● Marker Positioning Functions..................................................................................67
Access: "Overview" > "Result Config" > "Markers"
Or: "Marker" > "Marker"
In CDR evaluations, up to 16 markers can be activated in each diagram at any time.
Place New Marker ....................................................................................................64
Marker 1 / Delta Marker 1 / Delta Marker 2 / Delta Marker 16 .............................. 64
Selected Marker ...........................................................................................................64
Marker State .................................................................................................................64
X-value..........................................................................................................................64
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Markers
Y-value.......................................................................................................................... 65
Marker Type .................................................................................................................65
Reference Marker ........................................................................................................ 65
Linking to Another Marker ............................................................................................65
Assigning the Marker to a Trace .................................................................................. 66
All Marker Off ............................................................................................................... 66
Place New Marker
Activates the next currently unused marker and sets it to the peak value of the current
trace in the current window.
Marker 1 / Delta Marker 1 / Delta Marker 2 / Delta Marker 16
To activate a marker, select the arrow on the marker selection list in the toolbar, or
select a marker from the "Marker" > "Select Marker" menu. Enter the marker position
( "X-value" ) in the edit dialog box.
To deactivate a marker, select the marker name in the marker selection list in the toolbar (not the arrow) to display the "Select Marker" dialog box. Change the "State" to
"Off" .
Marker 1 is always the default reference marker for relative measurements. If activated, markers 2 to 16 are delta markers that refer to marker 1. These markers can be
converted into markers with absolute value display using the "Marker Type" function.
Remote command:
CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>[:STATe] on page 116
CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:X on page 117
CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:Y? on page 147
CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>[:STATe] on page 119
CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>:X on page 119
CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:Y? on page 147
CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>:Y? on page 145
Selected Marker
Marker name. The marker which is currently selected for editing is highlighted orange.
Remote command:
Marker selected via suffix <m> in remote commands.
Marker State
Activates or deactivates the marker in the diagram.
Remote command:
CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>[:STATe] on page 116
CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>[:STATe] on page 119
X-value
Defines the position of the marker on the x-axis.
For Constellation diagrams, the position is defined by a symbol number.
Remote command:
CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>:X on page 119
CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:X on page 117
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Analyzing CDR Vector Signals
Markers
Y-value
Defines the position of the marker on the y-axis for 3-dimensional diagrams.
For Constellation diagrams, the position is defined by a carrier number.
Remote command:
CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>:Y? on page 145
CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:Y? on page 147
Marker Type
Toggles the marker type.
The type for marker 1 is always "Normal" , the type for delta marker 1 is always
"Delta" . These types cannot be changed.
Note: If normal marker 1 is the active marker, switching the "Mkr Type" activates an
additional delta marker 1. For any other marker, switching the marker type does not
activate an additional marker, it only switches the type of the selected marker.
"Normal"
"Delta"
Remote command:
CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>[:STATe] on page 116
CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>[:STATe] on page 119
A normal marker indicates the absolute value at the defined position
in the diagram.
A delta marker defines the value of the marker relative to the specified reference marker (marker 1 by default).
Reference Marker
Defines a marker as the reference marker which is used to determine relative analysis
results (delta marker values).
If the reference marker is deactivated, the delta marker referring to it is also deactivated.
Remote command:
CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>:MREF on page 118
Linking to Another Marker
Links the current marker to the marker selected from the list of active markers. If the xaxis value of the initial marker is changed, the linked marker follows to the same position on the x-axis. Linking is off by default.
Using this function you can set two markers on different traces to measure the difference (e.g. between a max hold trace and a min hold trace or between a measurement
and a reference trace).
Remote command:
CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:LINK:TO:MARKer<m> on page 116
CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>:LINK:TO:MARKer<m> on page 118
CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>:LINK on page 118
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Markers
Assigning the Marker to a Trace
The "Trace" setting assigns the selected marker to an active trace. The trace determines which value the marker shows at the marker position. If the marker was previously assigned to a different trace, the marker remains on the previous frequency or
time, but indicates the value of the new trace.
If a trace is turned off, the assigned markers and marker functions are also deactivated.
Remote command:
CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:TRACe on page 117
All Marker Off
Deactivates all markers in one step.
Remote command:
CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:AOFF on page 115
5.5.2 General Marker Settings
Access: "Overview" > "Result Configuration" > "Marker Settings"
Or: "Marker" > "Marker" > "Marker Settings" tab
Marker Table Display
Defines how the marker information is displayed.
"On"
"Off"
Remote command:
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:MTABle on page 120
Displays the marker information in a table in a separate area beneath
the diagram.
No separate marker table is displayed.
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5.5.3 Marker Positioning Functions
Analyzing CDR Vector Signals
Markers
Marker Info
Turns the marker information displayed in the diagram on and off.
Remote command:
DISPlay:MINFo[:STATe] on page 120
The following functions set the currently selected marker to the result of a peak search.
Access: "Marker" toolbar
Peak Search .................................................................................................................67
Search Next Peak ........................................................................................................ 67
Search Minimum .......................................................................................................... 67
Search Next Minimum ..................................................................................................68
Peak Search
Sets the selected marker/delta marker to the maximum of the trace. If no marker is
active, marker 1 is activated.
Remote command:
CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:MAXimum[:PEAK] on page 125
CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>:MAXimum[:PEAK] on page 122
Search Next Peak
Sets the selected marker/delta marker to the next (lower) maximum of the assigned
trace. If no marker is active, marker 1 is activated.
,
Remote command:
CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:MAXimum:NEXT on page 124
CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:MAXimum:RIGHt on page 124
CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:MAXimum:LEFT on page 124
CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>:MAXimum:NEXT on page 122
CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>:MAXimum:RIGHt on page 122
CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>:MAXimum:LEFT on page 121
Search Minimum
Sets the selected marker/delta marker to the minimum of the trace. If no marker is
active, marker 1 is activated.
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Trace Settings
Remote command:
CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:MINimum[:PEAK] on page 126
CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>:MINimum[:PEAK] on page 123
Search Next Minimum
Sets the selected marker/delta marker to the next (higher) minimum of the selected
trace. If no marker is active, marker 1 is activated.
,
Remote command:
CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:MINimum:NEXT on page 125
CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:MINimum:LEFT on page 125
CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:MINimum:RIGHt on page 125
CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>:MINimum:NEXT on page 123
CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>:MINimum:LEFT on page 122
CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>:MINimum:RIGHt on page 123
5.6 Trace Settings
Access: "Trace" > "Trace"
The trace settings determine how the measured data is analyzed and displayed in the
window.
Depending on the result display, between 1 and 3 traces are available.
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Trace Settings
Trace data can also be exported to an ASCII file for further analysis. For details, see
Chapter 5.7, "Trace / Data Export Configuration", on page 70.
Trace 1/Trace 2/Trace 3................................................................................................69
Trace Mode ..................................................................................................................69
Predefined Trace Settings - Quick Config ....................................................................69
Trace 1/Trace 2/Trace 3
Selects the corresponding trace for configuration. The currently selected trace is highlighted orange.
Remote command:
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>[:STATe] on page 115
Selected via numeric suffix of TRACe<t> commands
Trace Mode
Defines the update mode for subsequent traces.
"Clear/ Write"
Overwrite mode (default): the trace is overwritten by each measurement.
"Max Hold"
The maximum value is determined over several measurements and
displayed. The R&S ETL CDR software saves each trace point in the
trace memory only if the new value is greater than the previous one.
"Min Hold"
The minimum value is determined from several measurements and
displayed. The R&S ETL CDR software saves each trace point in the
trace memory only if the new value is lower than the previous one.
"Average"
"View"
"Blank"
The average is formed over several measurements.
The current contents of the trace memory are frozen and displayed.
Removes the selected trace from the display.
Remote command:
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:MODE on page 114
Predefined Trace Settings - Quick Config
Commonly required trace settings have been predefined and can be applied very
quickly by selecting the appropriate button.
Function Trace Settings
Preset All Traces Trace 1: Clear Write
Set Trace Mode
Max | Avg | Min
Set Trace Mode
Max | ClrWrite | Min
Trace 1: Max Hold
Trace 2: Average
Trace 3: Min Hold
Trace 1: Max Hold
Blank
Blank
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Analyzing CDR Vector Signals
Trace / Data Export Configuration
Function Trace Settings
Trace 2: Clear Write
Trace 3: Min Hold
Blank
5.7 Trace / Data Export Configuration
Access: "Edit" > "Trace Export"
Traces resulting from encrypted file input cannot be exported.
The standard data management functions (e.g. saving or loading instrument settings,
or exporting the I/Q data in other formats) that are available for all R&S VSE applications are not described here.
See the R&S VSE base software user manual for a description of the standard functions.
Export all Traces and all Table Results ........................................................................ 70
Include Instrument & Measurement Settings ............................................................... 71
Export All Traces for Selected Graph ...........................................................................71
Trace to Export .............................................................................................................71
Decimal Separator ....................................................................................................... 71
Export Trace to ASCII File ............................................................................................71
Export all Traces and all Table Results
Selects all displayed traces and result tables (e.g. Result Summary, marker table etc.)
in the current application for export to an ASCII file.
Alternatively, you can select one specific trace only for export (see Trace to Export ).
The results are output in the same order as they are displayed on the screen: window
by window, trace by trace, and table row by table row.
Remote command:
FORMat:DEXPort:TRACes on page 149
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Trace / Data Export Configuration
Include Instrument & Measurement Settings
Includes additional instrument and measurement settings in the header of the export
file for result data.
Remote command:
FORMat:DEXPort:HEADer on page 149
Export All Traces for Selected Graph
Includes all traces for the currently selected graphical result display in the export file.
Remote command:
FORMat:DEXPort:GRAPh on page 149
Trace to Export
Defines an individual trace to be exported to a file.
This setting is not available if Export all Traces and all Table Results is selected.
Decimal Separator
Defines the decimal separator for floating-point numerals for the data export/import
files. Evaluation programs require different separators in different languages.
Remote command:
FORMat:DEXPort:DSEParator on page 148
Export Trace to ASCII File
Opens a file selection dialog box and saves the selected trace in ASCII format (.dat)
to the specified file and directory.
The results are output in the same order as they are displayed on the screen: window
by window, trace by trace, and table row by table row.
Note: Traces resulting from encrypted file input cannot be exported.
Remote command:
MMEMory:STORe<n>:TRACe on page 150
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6 How to Perform Measurements in the R&S
How to Perform Measurements in the R&S ETL CDR software
ETL CDR software
The following step-by-step instructions demonstrate how to perform measurements
with the R&S ETL CDR software.
To perform a CDR measurement
1. By default, a CDR channel is active when you start the R&S ETL CDR software.
If no channel is active, open a new channel or replace an existing one and select
the "OFDM VSA" application.
2. Select the "Meas Setup > Overview" menu item to display the "Overview" for a
CDR measurement.
3. Select the "CDR Configuration" button and configure the expected signal charac-
teristics.
4. Select the "Input/Frontend" button to define the input signal's center frequency,
amplitude and other basic settings.
5. Optionally, select the "Trigger" button and define a trigger for data acquisition, for
example an external trigger to start capturing data only when a useful signal is
transmitted.
6.
Select the "Add Window" icon from the toolbar to add further result displays for
the CDR.
7.
In the "Control" toolbar, or in the "Sequence" tool window, select "Single" capture
mode, then select the "Capture" function to stop the continuous measurement
mode and start a defined number of measurements.
The measured data is stored in the capture buffer and can be analyzed.
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7 Remote Commands for CDR Measure-
Remote Commands for CDR Measurements
Introduction
ments
The following commands are required to perform CDR measurements in a remote
environment.
It is assumed that the R&S ETL CDR software has already been set up for remote control in a network as described in the R&S VSE base software user manual.
General R&S VSE Remote Commands
The application-independent remote commands for general tasks in the R&S VSE software are also available for the R&S ETL CDR software and are described in the
R&S VSE base software user manual. In particular, this comprises the following functionality:
●
Controlling instruments and capturing data
●
Managing Settings and Results
●
Setting Up the Instrument
●
Using the Status Register
Channel-specific commands
Apart from a few general commands in the R&S VSE software, most commands refer
to the currently active channel. Thus, always remember to activate a CDR channel
before starting a remote program for a CDR measurement.
The following tasks specific to the R&S ETL CDR software are described here:
● Introduction............................................................................................................. 73
● Common Suffixes....................................................................................................78
● Activating CDR Measurements...............................................................................79
● Configuring CDR Measurements............................................................................ 79
● Analysis.................................................................................................................106
● Configuring the Result Display..............................................................................128
● Retrieving Results.................................................................................................138
● Status Reporting System...................................................................................... 160
● Programming Examples: OFDM Vector Signal Analysis.......................................163
7.1 Introduction
Commands are program messages that a controller (e.g. a PC) sends to the instrument or software. They operate its functions ('setting commands' or 'events') and
request information ('query commands'). Some commands can only be used in one
way, others work in two ways (setting and query). If not indicated otherwise, the commands can be used for settings and queries.
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7.1.1 Conventions used in Descriptions
Remote Commands for CDR Measurements
Introduction
The syntax of a SCPI command consists of a header and, in most cases, one or more
parameters. To use a command as a query, you have to append a question mark after
the last header element, even if the command contains a parameter.
A header contains one or more keywords, separated by a colon. Header and parameters are separated by a "white space" (ASCII code 0 to 9, 11 to 32 decimal, e.g. blank).
If there is more than one parameter for a command, these are separated by a comma
from one another.
Only the most important characteristics that you need to know when working with SCPI
commands are described here. For a more complete description, refer to the User
Manual of the R&S ETL CDR software.
Remote command examples
Note that some remote command examples mentioned in this general introduction may
not be supported by this particular application.
Note the following conventions used in the remote command descriptions:
●
Command usage
If not specified otherwise, commands can be used both for setting and for querying
parameters.
If a command can be used for setting or querying only, or if it initiates an event, the
usage is stated explicitly.
●
Parameter usage
If not specified otherwise, a parameter can be used to set a value and it is the
result of a query.
Parameters required only for setting are indicated as Setting parameters.
Parameters required only to refine a query are indicated as Query parameters.
Parameters that are only returned as the result of a query are indicated as Return
values.
●
Conformity
Commands that are taken from the SCPI standard are indicated as SCPI confirmed. All commands used by the R&S ETL CDR software follow the SCPI syntax
rules.
●
Asynchronous commands
A command which does not automatically finish executing before the next command starts executing (overlapping command) is indicated as an Asynchronous
command.
●
Reset values (*RST)
Default parameter values that are used directly after resetting the instrument (*RST
command) are indicated as *RST values, if available.
●
Default unit
The default unit is used for numeric values if no other unit is provided with the
parameter.
●
Manual operation
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7.1.2 Long and Short Form
7.1.3 Numeric Suffixes
Remote Commands for CDR Measurements
Introduction
If the result of a remote command can also be achieved in manual operation, a link
to the description is inserted.
The keywords have a long and a short form. You can use either the long or the short
form, but no other abbreviations of the keywords.
The short form is emphasized in upper case letters. Note however, that this emphasis
only serves the purpose to distinguish the short from the long form in the manual. For
the instrument, the case does not matter.
Example:
SENSe:FREQuency:CENTer is the same as SENS:FREQ:CENT.
Some keywords have a numeric suffix if the command can be applied to multiple
instances of an object. In that case, the suffix selects a particular instance (e.g. a measurement window).
Numeric suffixes are indicated by angular brackets (<n>) next to the keyword.
If you don't quote a suffix for keywords that support one, a 1 is assumed.
Example:
DISPlay[:WINDow<1...4>]:ZOOM:STATe enables the zoom in a particular measurement window, selected by the suffix at WINDow.
DISPlay:WINDow4:ZOOM:STATe ON refers to window 4.
7.1.4 Optional Keywords
Some keywords are optional and are only part of the syntax because of SCPI compliance. You can include them in the header or not.
Note that if an optional keyword has a numeric suffix and you need to use the suffix,
you have to include the optional keyword. Otherwise, the suffix of the missing keyword
is assumed to be the value 1.
Optional keywords are emphasized with square brackets.
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7.1.5 Alternative Keywords
Remote Commands for CDR Measurements
Introduction
Example:
Without a numeric suffix in the optional keyword:
[SENSe:]FREQuency:CENTer is the same as FREQuency:CENTer
With a numeric suffix in the optional keyword:
DISPlay[:WINDow<1...4>]:ZOOM:STATe
DISPlay:ZOOM:STATe ON enables the zoom in window 1 (no suffix).
DISPlay:WINDow4:ZOOM:STATe ON enables the zoom in window 4.
A vertical stroke indicates alternatives for a specific keyword. You can use both keywords to the same effect.
Example:
[SENSe:]BANDwidth|BWIDth[:RESolution]
In the short form without optional keywords, BAND 1MHZ would have the same effect
as BWID 1MHZ.
7.1.6 SCPI Parameters
Many commands feature one or more parameters.
If a command supports more than one parameter, these are separated by a comma.
Example:
LAYout:ADD:WINDow Spectrum,LEFT,MTABle
Parameters may have different forms of values.
● Numeric Values.......................................................................................................76
● Boolean...................................................................................................................77
● Character Data........................................................................................................78
● Character Strings.................................................................................................... 78
● Block Data...............................................................................................................78
7.1.6.1 Numeric Values
Numeric values can be entered in any form, i.e. with sign, decimal point or exponent. In
case of physical quantities, you can also add the unit. If the unit is missing, the command uses the basic unit.
Example:
With unit: SENSe:FREQuency:CENTer 1GHZ
Without unit: SENSe:FREQuency:CENTer 1E9 would also set a frequency of 1 GHz.
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Remote Commands for CDR Measurements
Introduction
Values exceeding the resolution of the instrument are rounded up or down.
If the number you have entered is not supported (e.g. in case of discrete steps), the
command returns an error.
Instead of a number, you can also set numeric values with a text parameter in special
cases.
●
MIN/MAX
Defines the minimum or maximum numeric value that is supported.
●
DEF
Defines the default value.
●
UP/DOWN
Increases or decreases the numeric value by one step. The step size depends on
the setting. In some cases you can customize the step size with a corresponding
command.
Querying numeric values
When you query numeric values, the system returns a number. In case of physical
quantities, it applies the basic unit (e.g. Hz in case of frequencies). The number of digits after the decimal point depends on the type of numeric value.
Example:
Setting: SENSe:FREQuency:CENTer 1GHZ
Query: SENSe:FREQuency:CENTer? would return 1E9
In some cases, numeric values may be returned as text.
●
INF/NINF
Infinity or negative infinity. Represents the numeric values 9.9E37 or -9.9E37.
●
NAN
Not a number. Represents the numeric value 9.91E37. NAN is returned in case of
errors.
7.1.6.2 Boolean
Boolean parameters represent two states. The "ON" state (logically true) is represented by "ON" or a numeric value 1. The "OFF" state (logically untrue) is represented by
"OFF" or the numeric value 0.
Querying Boolean parameters
When you query Boolean parameters, the system returns either the value 1 ("ON") or
the value 0 ("OFF").
Example:
Setting: DISPlay:WINDow:ZOOM:STATe ON
Query: DISPlay:WINDow:ZOOM:STATe? would return 1
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7.1.6.3 Character Data
7.1.6.4 Character Strings
Remote Commands for CDR Measurements
Common Suffixes
Character data follows the syntactic rules of keywords. You can enter text using a short
or a long form. For more information see Chapter 7.1.2, "Long and Short Form",
on page 75.
Querying text parameters
When you query text parameters, the system returns its short form.
Example:
Setting: SENSe:BANDwidth:RESolution:TYPE NORMal
Query: SENSe:BANDwidth:RESolution:TYPE? would return NORM
Strings are alphanumeric characters. They have to be in straight quotation marks. You
can use a single quotation mark ( ' ) or a double quotation mark ( " ).
Example:
INSTRument:DELete 'Spectrum'
7.1.6.5 Block Data
Block data is a format which is suitable for the transmission of large amounts of data.
The ASCII character # introduces the data block. The next number indicates how many
of the following digits describe the length of the data block. In the example the 4 following digits indicate the length to be 5168 bytes. The data bytes follow. During the transmission of these data bytes all end or other control signs are ignored until all bytes are
transmitted. #0 specifies a data block of indefinite length. The use of the indefinite format requires an NL^END message to terminate the data block. This format is useful
when the length of the transmission is not known or if speed or other considerations
prevent segmentation of the data into blocks of definite length.
7.2 Common Suffixes
In the R&S ETL CDR software, the following common suffixes are used in remote commands:
Table 7-1: Common suffixes used in remote commands in the R&S ETL CDR software
Suffix Value range Description
<m> 1 to 4 Marker
<n> 1 to x Window (in the currently selected channel)
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7.3 Activating CDR Measurements
7.4 Configuring CDR Measurements
Remote Commands for CDR Measurements
Configuring CDR Measurements
Suffix Value range Description
<t> 1 to 3 Trace
<li> 1 to 8 Limit line
CDR measurements require a special application in the R&S ETL CDR software. The
common commands for configuring and controlling measurement channels, as well as
blocks and sequences, are also used in the R&S ETL CDR software.
They are described in the R&S VSE base software user manual.
● Restoring the Default Configuration (Preset).......................................................... 79
● CDR Configuration..................................................................................................80
● RF Input.................................................................................................................. 81
● Frontend Settings....................................................................................................86
● Triggering Measurements....................................................................................... 91
● Configuring Data Acquisition...................................................................................95
● Defining the Result Range.................................................................................... 100
● Synchronization, Tracking and Demodulation.......................................................101
● Adjusting Settings Automatically...........................................................................104
7.4.1 Restoring the Default Configuration (Preset)
SYSTem:PRESet:CHANnel[:EXEC]................................................................................... 79
SYSTem:PRESet:CHANnel[:EXEC]
This command restores the default software settings in the current channel.
Use INST:SEL to select the channel.
Example:
INST:SEL 'Spectrum2'
Selects the channel for "Spectrum2".
SYST:PRES:CHAN:EXEC
Restores the factory default settings to the "Spectrum2" channel.
Usage: Event
Manual operation: See "Preset Channel" on page 35
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7.4.2 CDR Configuration
Remote Commands for CDR Measurements
Configuring CDR Measurements
CONFigure:CDR:DMODulation..........................................................................................80
CONFigure:CDR:HCODing............................................................................................... 80
CONFigure:CDR:HCODing:STATe..................................................................................... 80
CONFigure:CDR:IMODulation...........................................................................................81
CONFigure:CDR:SMODe..................................................................................................81
CONFigure:CDR:TMODe..................................................................................................81
CONFigure:CDR:DMODulation <DataModulation>
CONFigure:CDR:DMODulation? <DataModulation>
Defines the modulation type used for the service data.
Parameters for setting and query:
<DataModulation> QPSK | QAM16 | QAM64
Example:
CONF:CDR:DMOD 16QAM
Manual operation: See "Service Data Modulation" on page 37
CONFigure:CDR:HCODing <HierarchicalCoding>
CONFigure:CDR:HCODing? <HierarchicalCoding>
Determines the alpha parameter for hierarchical coding of service data (not for QPSK
service data modulation).
Parameters for setting and query:
<HierarchicalCoding> A1 | A2 | A4
*RST: A1
Example:
CONF:CDR:HCOD:STAT ON
CONF:CDR:HCOD 2
Manual operation: See "Service Data Hierarchical Coding" on page 38
CONFigure:CDR:HCODing:STATe <State>
If enabled, hierarchical coding for the service data is allowed (not for QPSK service
data modulation). You can define the alpha parameter for coding using CONFigure:
CDR:HCODing on page 80.
If disabled, the coding parameter α = 1 is used.
Parameters:
<State> ON | OFF | 0 | 1
OFF | 0
Hierarchical coding for the service data is not allowed.
ON | 1
Hierarchical coding for the service data is allowed.
*RST: 0
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Remote Commands for CDR Measurements
Configuring CDR Measurements
Example:
CONF:CDR:HCOD:STAT ON
CONF:CDR:HCOD 2
Manual operation: See "Enable Service Data Hierarchical Coding" on page 37
CONFigure:CDR:IMODulation <InfoModulation>
CONFigure:CDR:IMODulation? <InfoModulation>
Defines the modulation type used for the service description information.
Parameters for setting and query:
<InfoModulation> QPSK | QAM16 | QAM64
Example:
CONF:CDR:IMOD 16QAM
Manual operation: See "Service Description Information Modulation" on page 37
CONFigure:CDR:SMODe <SpectrumMode>
CONFigure:CDR:SMODe? <SpectrumMode>
Defines the used spectrum mode according to the CDR standard.
Parameters for setting and query:
<SpectrumMode> S1 | S2 | S9 | S10 | S22 | S23
Example:
CONF:CDR:SMOD S9
Manual operation: See "Spectrum Mode Index" on page 37
CONFigure:CDR:TMODe <TransmissionMode>
CONFigure:CDR:TMODe? <TransmissionMode>
Defines the used transmission mode according to the CDR standard.
Parameters for setting and query:
<TransmissionMode> T1 | T2 | T3
Example:
Manual operation: See "Transmission Mode" on page 37
7.4.3 RF Input
The following commands are required to configure data input.
INPut<ip>:ATTenuation:PROTection[:STATe].......................................................................82
INPut<ip>:ATTenuation:PROTection:RESet.........................................................................82
INPut<ip>:FILE:ZPADing.................................................................................................. 83
INPut<ip>:IMPedance.......................................................................................................83
INPut<ip>:PRESelection:SET............................................................................................83
INPut<ip>:PRESelection[:STATe]....................................................................................... 84
INPut<ip>:SELect.............................................................................................................84
CONF:CDR:TMOD T2
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Remote Commands for CDR Measurements
Configuring CDR Measurements
INPut<ip>:TYPE.............................................................................................................. 84
INSTrument:BLOCk:CHANnel[:SETTings]:SOURce<si>.......................................................85
INSTrument:BLOCk:CHANnel[:SETTings]:SOURce<si>:TYPE.............................................85
INPut<ip>:ATTenuation:PROTection[:STATe] <State>
This command turns the availability of attenuation levels of 10 dB or less on and off.
Suffix:
<ip>
.
1 | 2
irrelevant
Parameters:
<State> ON | OFF | 1 | 0
ON | 1
Attenuation levels of 10 dB or less are not allowed to protect the
RF input connector of the connected R&S ETL.
OFF | 0
Attenuation levels of 10 dB or less are not blocked. You must
provide appopriate protection for the RF input connector of the
connected R&S ETL yourself.
*RST: 1
Example:
INP:ATT:PROT ON
Turns on the input protection.
INPut<ip>:ATTenuation:PROTection:RESet [<DeviceName>]
This command resets the attenuator and reconnects the RF input with the input mixer
for the connected R&S ETL after an overload condition occurred and the protection
mechanism intervened. The error status bit (bit 3 in the STAT:QUES:POW status register) and the INPUT OVLD message in the status bar are cleared.
The command works only if the overload condition has been eliminated first.
For details on the protection mechanism see the instrument's documentation.
Suffix:
<ip>
.
1 | 2
irrelevant
Setting parameters:
<DeviceName> string
Name of the instrument for which the RF input protection is to be
reset.
Example:
INP:ATT:PROT:RES 'MyDevice'
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Remote Commands for CDR Measurements
Configuring CDR Measurements
INPut<ip>:FILE:ZPADing <ZeroPadding>
Enables or disables zeropadding for input from an I/Q data file that requires resampling. For resampling, a number of samples are required due to filter settling. These
samples can either be taken from the provided I/Q data, or the software can add the
required number of samples (zeros) at the beginning and end of the file.
Suffix:
<ip>
Parameters:
<ZeroPadding> ON | OFF | 0 | 1
Example:
Manual operation: See "Zero Padding" on page 41
INPut<ip>:IMPedance <Impedance>
This command selects the nominal input impedance of the RF input. In some applications, only 50 Ω are supported.
Suffix:
<ip>
.
irrelevant
OFF | 0
Switches the function off
ON | 1
Switches the function on
*RST: 0
INP:FILE:ZPAD ON
.
1 | 2
irrelevant
Parameters:
<Impedance> 50 | 75
*RST: 50 Ω
Default unit: OHM
Example:
Manual operation: See " Impedance " on page 40
INPut<ip>:PRESelection:SET <Mode>
This command selects the preselector mode.
The command is available with the optional preselector.
INP:IMP 75
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Configuring CDR Measurements
Suffix:
<ip>
Parameters:
<Mode> NARRow
INPut<ip>:PRESelection[:STATe] <State>
This command turns the preselector on and off.
Suffix:
<ip>
Manual operation: See "Preselector State" on page 40
.
1 | 2
irrelevant
Performs a measurement by automatically applying all available
combinations of low and high pass filters consecutively. These
combinations all have a narrow bandwidth.
WIDE
Performs a measurement by automatically applying all available
bandpass filters consecutively. The bandpass filters have a wide
bandwidth.
.
1 | 2
irrelevant
INPut<ip>:SELect <Source>
This command selects the signal source for measurements, i.e. it defines which connector is used to input data to the R&S ETL CDR software.
Suffix:
<ip>
Parameters:
<Source> RF
Manual operation: See "Input Type (Instrument / File)" on page 39
INPut<ip>:TYPE <Input>
The command selects the input path.
.
1 | 2
irrelevant
Radio Frequency ("RF INPUT" connector)
FIQ
I/Q data file
*RST: RF
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Configuring CDR Measurements
Suffix:
<ip>
Parameters:
<Input> INPUT1
Example: //Select input path
INSTrument:BLOCk:CHANnel[:SETTings]:SOURce<si>
Selects an instrument or a file as the source of input provided to the channel.
Suffix:
<si>
Parameters:
<Type> FILE | DEVice | NONE
.
1 | 2
irrelevant
Selects RF input 1.
INPUT2
Selects RF input 2.
*RST: INPUT1
INP:TYPE INPUT1
<Type>
.
1 to 99
LTE-MIMO only: input source number
FILE
A loaded file is used for input.
DEVice
A configured device provides input for the measurement
NONE
No input source defined.
Manual operation: See "Input Type (Instrument / File)" on page 39
INSTrument:BLOCk:CHANnel[:SETTings]:SOURce<si>:TYPE <Source>
Configures the source of input to be used from the selected instrument.
Suffix:
<si>
Parameters:
<Source> RF
.
1 to 99
LTE-MIMO only: input source number
Radio Frequency ("RF INPUT" connector)
'Channel 1' | 'Channel 2' | 'Channel 3' | 'Channel 4'
Oscilloscope input channel 1, 2, 3, or 4
'Channel 1,2 (I+Q)'
I/Q data provided by oscilloscope input channels 1 and 2 (for
oscilloscopes with 2 channels only)
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7.4.4 Frontend Settings
Remote Commands for CDR Measurements
Configuring CDR Measurements
'Channel 1,3 (I+Q)' | 'Channel 2,4 (I+Q)'
I/Q data provided by oscilloscope input channels 1 and 3, or 2
and 4 (for oscilloscopes with 4 channels only)
'Channels 1-4 (diff. I+Q)'
Differential I/Q data provided by oscilloscope input channels (for
oscilloscopes with 4 channels only):
Channel 1: I (pos.)
Channel 2: Ī (neg.)
Channel 3: Q (pos.)
Channel 4: Ǭ (neg.)
*RST: RF
Example: INST:BLOC:CHAN:SOUR:TYPE 'Channel 2,4 (I+Q)'
I/Q data is provided by oscilloscope input channels 2 and 4
The frequency and amplitude settings represent the "frontend" of the measurement
setup.
● Frequency............................................................................................................... 86
● Amplitude Settings.................................................................................................. 88
● Attenuation..............................................................................................................88
● Configuring a Preamplifier.......................................................................................91
7.4.4.1 Frequency
[SENSe:]FREQuency:CENTer........................................................................................... 86
[SENSe:]FREQuency:CENTer:STEP..................................................................................87
[SENSe:]FREQuency:CENTer:STEP:AUTO........................................................................87
[SENSe:]FREQuency:OFFSet...........................................................................................87
[SENSe:]FREQuency:CENTer <Frequency>
This command defines the center frequency.
Parameters:
<Frequency> The allowed range and f
Example:
is specified in the data sheet.
max
*RST: fmax/2
Default unit: Hz
FREQ:CENT 100 MHz
FREQ:CENT:STEP 10 MHz
FREQ:CENT UP
Sets the center frequency to 110 MHz.
Manual operation: See " Center Frequency " on page 42
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[SENSe:]FREQuency:CENTer:STEP <StepSize>
This command defines the center frequency step size.
Parameters:
<StepSize> f
is specified in the data sheet.
max
Range: 1 to fMAX
*RST: 0.1 x span
Default unit: Hz
Example: //Set the center frequency to 110 MHz.
FREQ:CENT 100 MHz
FREQ:CENT:STEP 10 MHz
FREQ:CENT UP
Manual operation: See "Center Frequency Stepsize" on page 43
[SENSe:]FREQuency:CENTer:STEP:AUTO
<LinkMode>
Defines the step width of the center frequency.
Setting parameters:
<LinkMode> ON | OFF
ON | 1
Links the step width to the current standard (currently 1 MHz for
all standards)
OFF | 0
Sets the step width as defined using the FREQ:CENT:STEP
command (see [SENSe:]FREQuency:CENTer:STEP
on page 87).
*RST: ON
Manual operation: See "Center Frequency Stepsize" on page 43
[SENSe:]FREQuency:OFFSet <Offset>
This command defines a frequency offset.
If this value is not 0 Hz, the application assumes that the input signal was frequency
shifted outside the application. All results of type "frequency" will be corrected for this
shift numerically by the application.
Parameters:
<Offset> Range: -100 GHz to 100 GHz
*RST: 0 Hz
Default unit: HZ
Example:
FREQ:OFFS 1GHZ
Manual operation: See " Frequency Offset " on page 43
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7.4.4.2 Amplitude Settings
Remote Commands for CDR Measurements
Configuring CDR Measurements
Amplitude and scaling settings allow you to configure the vertical (y-)axis display and
for some result displays also the horizontal (x-)axis.
Useful commands for amplitude settings described elsewhere:
●
[SENSe:]ADJust:LEVel on page 106
Remote commands exclusive to amplitude settings:
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe]:RLEVel..........................................................88
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe]:RLEVel:OFFSet............................................. 88
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe]:RLEVel <ReferenceLevel>
This command defines the reference level (for all traces in all windows).
Suffix:
<n>, <t>
Example:
Manual operation: See " Reference Level " on page 44
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe]:RLEVel:OFFSet <Offset>
This command defines a reference level offset (for all traces in all windows).
Suffix:
<n>, <t>
Parameters:
<Offset> Range: -200 dB to 200 dB
Example:
Manual operation: See " Shifting the Display ( Offset )" on page 44
7.4.4.3 Attenuation
INPut<ip>:ATTenuation.....................................................................................................88
INPut<ip>:ATTenuation:AUTO...........................................................................................89
INPut<ip>:EATT...............................................................................................................89
INPut<ip>:EATT:AUTO..................................................................................................... 90
INPut<ip>:EATT:STATe..................................................................................................... 90
.
irrelevant
DISP:TRAC:Y:RLEV -60dBm
.
irrelevant
*RST: 0dB
DISP:TRAC:Y:RLEV:OFFS -10dB
INPut<ip>:ATTenuation <Attenuation>
This command defines the total attenuation for RF input.
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Configuring CDR Measurements
If you set the attenuation manually, it is no longer coupled to the reference level, but
the reference level is coupled to the attenuation. Thus, if the current reference level is
not compatible with an attenuation that has been set manually, the command also
adjusts the reference level.
Suffix:
<ip>
Parameters:
<Attenuation> Range: see data sheet
Example:
Manual operation: See " Attenuation Mode / Value " on page 45
INPut<ip>:ATTenuation:AUTO <State>
This command couples or decouples the attenuation to the reference level. Thus, when
the reference level is changed, the R&S ETL CDR software determines the signal level
for optimal internal data processing and sets the required attenuation accordingly.
Suffix:
<ip>
.
1 | 2
irrelevant
Increment: 5 dB (with optional electr. attenuator: 1 dB)
*RST: 10 dB (AUTO is set to ON)
Default unit: DB
INP:ATT 30dB
Defines a 30 dB attenuation and decouples the attenuation from
the reference level.
.
1 | 2
irrelevant
Parameters:
<State> ON | OFF | 0 | 1
*RST: 1
Example:
Manual operation: See " Attenuation Mode / Value " on page 45
INPut<ip>:EATT <Attenuation>
This command defines an electronic attenuation manually. Automatic mode must be
switched off (INP:EATT:AUTO OFF, see INPut<ip>:EATT:AUTO on page 90).
If the current reference level is not compatible with an attenuation that has been set
manually, the command also adjusts the reference level.
Suffix:
<ip>
INP:ATT:AUTO ON
Couples the attenuation to the reference level.
.
1 | 2
irrelevant
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Configuring CDR Measurements
Parameters:
<Attenuation> attenuation in dB
Range: see data sheet
Increment: 1 dB
*RST: 0 dB (OFF)
Default unit: DB
Example:
INPut<ip>:EATT:AUTO <State>
This command turns automatic selection of the electronic attenuation on and off.
If on, electronic attenuation reduces the mechanical attenuation whenever possible.
Suffix:
<ip>
Parameters:
<State> ON | OFF | 0 | 1
Example:
INPut<ip>:EATT:STATe <State>
INP:EATT:AUTO OFF
INP:EATT 10 dB
.
1 | 2
irrelevant
OFF | 0
Switches the function off
ON | 1
Switches the function on
*RST: 1
INP:EATT:AUTO OFF
This command turns the electronic attenuator on and off.
Suffix:
<ip>
Parameters:
<State> ON | OFF | 0 | 1
Example:
.
1 | 2
irrelevant
OFF | 0
Switches the function off
ON | 1
Switches the function on
*RST: 0
INP:EATT:STAT ON
Switches the electronic attenuator into the signal path.
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7.4.4.4 Configuring a Preamplifier
Remote Commands for CDR Measurements
Configuring CDR Measurements
INPut<ip>:GAIN:STATe.....................................................................................................91
INPut<ip>:GAIN:STATe <State>
This command turns the preamplifier on and off.
If activated, the input signal is amplified by 20 dB.
Suffix:
<ip>
.
1 | 2
irrelevant
Parameters:
<State> ON | OFF | 0 | 1
OFF | 0
Switches the function off
ON | 1
Switches the function on
*RST: 0
Example:
INP:GAIN:STAT ON
Switches on 20 dB preamplification.
Manual operation: See " Preamplifier " on page 45
7.4.5 Triggering Measurements
The trigger commands define the beginning of a measurement.
TRIGger[:SEQuence]:DTIMe.............................................................................................91
TRIGger[:SEQuence]:HOLDoff[:TIME]................................................................................92
TRIGger[:SEQuence]:IFPower:HOLDoff.............................................................................92
TRIGger[:SEQuence]:IFPower:HYSTeresis.........................................................................92
TRIGger[:SEQuence]:LEVel[:EXTernal<port>].....................................................................93
TRIGger[:SEQuence]:LEVel:IFPower.................................................................................93
TRIGger[:SEQuence]:LEVel:MAPower...............................................................................93
TRIGger[:SEQuence]:MAPower:HOLDoff...........................................................................93
TRIGger[:SEQuence]:MAPower:HYSTeresis.......................................................................94
TRIGger[:SEQuence]:SLOPe............................................................................................ 94
TRIGger[:SEQuence]:SOURce..........................................................................................94
TRIGger[:SEQuence]:DTIMe <DropoutTime>
Defines the time the input signal must stay below the trigger level before a trigger is
detected again.
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Configuring CDR Measurements
Parameters:
<DropoutTime> Dropout time of the trigger.
Range: 0 s to 10.0 s
*RST: 0 s
TRIGger[:SEQuence]:HOLDoff[:TIME] <Offset>
Defines the time offset between the trigger event and the start of the measurement.
Parameters:
<Offset>
*RST: 0 s
Example:
Manual operation: See " Trigger Offset " on page 47
TRIGger[:SEQuence]:IFPower:HOLDoff <Period>
This command defines the holding time before the next trigger event.
Note that this command can be used for any trigger source, not just IF Power
(despite the legacy keyword).
Parameters:
<Period> Range: 0 s to 10 s
Example:
Manual operation: See " Trigger Holdoff " on page 48
TRIGger[:SEQuence]:IFPower:HYSTeresis <Hysteresis>
This command defines the trigger hysteresis, which is only available for "IF Power" trigger sources.
TRIG:HOLD 500us
*RST: 0 s
TRIG:SOUR EXT
Sets an external trigger source.
TRIG:IFP:HOLD 200 ns
Sets the holding time to 200 ns.
Parameters:
<Hysteresis> Range: 3 dB to 50 dB
*RST: 3 dB
Example:
Manual operation: See " Hysteresis " on page 47
TRIG:SOUR IFP
Sets the IF power trigger source.
TRIG:IFP:HYST 10DB
Sets the hysteresis limit value.
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TRIGger[:SEQuence]:LEVel[:EXTernal<port>] <TriggerLevel>
This command defines the level the external signal must exceed to cause a trigger
event.
In the R&S ETL CDR software, only EXTernal1 is supported.
Suffix:
<port>
Parameters:
<TriggerLevel> Range: 0.5 V to 3.5 V
Example:
Manual operation: See " Trigger Level " on page 47
TRIGger[:SEQuence]:LEVel:IFPower <TriggerLevel>
This command defines the power level at the third intermediate frequency that must be
exceeded to cause a trigger event.
Note that any RF attenuation or preamplification is considered when the trigger level is
analyzed. If defined, a reference level offset is also considered.
Parameters:
<TriggerLevel> For details on available trigger levels and trigger bandwidths see
.
Selects the trigger port.
1 = trigger port 1 (TRIGGER INPUT connector on front panel)
2 = trigger port 2 (TRIGGER INPUT/OUTPUT connector on front
panel)
3 = trigger port 3 (TRIGGER3 INPUT/OUTPUT connector on
rear panel)
*RST: 1.4 V
TRIG:LEV 2V
the data sheet.
*RST: -10 dBm
Example:
TRIGger[:SEQuence]:LEVel:MAPower <TriggerLevel>
This command defines the power level that must be exceeded to cause a trigger event
for (offline) input from a file.
Parameters:
<TriggerLevel> For details on available trigger levels and trigger bandwidths see
Example:
TRIGger[:SEQuence]:MAPower:HOLDoff <Period>
This command defines the holding time before the next trigger event for (offline) input
from a file.
TRIG:LEV:IFP -30DBM
the data sheet.
TRIG:LEV:MAP -30DBM
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Configuring CDR Measurements
Parameters:
<Period> Range: 0 s to 10 s
*RST: 0 s
Example:
Manual operation: See " Trigger Holdoff " on page 48
TRIGger[:SEQuence]:MAPower:HYSTeresis <Hysteresis>
This command defines the trigger hysteresis for the (offline) magnitude trigger source
(used for input from a file).
Parameters:
<Hysteresis> Range: 3 dB to 50 dB
Example:
Manual operation: See " Hysteresis " on page 47
TRIGger[:SEQuence]:SLOPe <Type>
TRIG:SOUR MAGN
Sets an offline magnitude trigger source.
TRIG:MAP:HOLD 200 ns
Sets the holding time to 200 ns.
*RST: 3 dB
TRIG:SOUR MAP
Sets the (offline) magnitude trigger source.
TRIG:MAP:HYST 10DB
Sets the hysteresis limit value.
Parameters:
<Type> POSitive | NEGative
POSitive
Triggers when the signal rises to the trigger level (rising edge).
NEGative
Triggers when the signal drops to the trigger level (falling edge).
*RST: POSitive
Example:
Manual operation: See " Slope " on page 48
TRIGger[:SEQuence]:SOURce <Source>
This command selects the trigger source.
Note that the availability of trigger sources depends on the connected R&S ETL.
Note on external triggers:
TRIG:SLOP NEG
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Configuring CDR Measurements
If a measurement is configured to wait for an external trigger signal in a remote control
program, remote control is blocked until the trigger is received and the program can
continue. Make sure this situation is avoided in your remote control programs.
Parameters:
<Source> IMMediate
Free Run
EXTernal
Trigger signal from the "Trigger Input" connector.
EXT
Trigger signal from the corresponding "EXT TRIG" connector on
the connected R&S ETL.
For details on the connectors see the instrument's Getting Started manual.
IFPower
Second intermediate frequency
MAGNitude
For (offline) input from a file, rather than an instrument.
The trigger level is specified by TRIGger[:SEQuence]:
LEVel:MAPower.
*RST:
IMMediate
Example:
TRIG:SOUR EXT
Selects the external trigger input as source of the trigger signal
Manual operation: See " Trigger Source " on page 46
See " Free Run " on page 46
See " External Trigger 1 " on page 46
See " IF Power " on page 46
See " Magnitude (Offline) " on page 47
7.4.6 Configuring Data Acquisition
INITiate:REFResh............................................................................................................96
INPut<ip>:FILTer:CHANnel:HPASs:FDBBw?....................................................................... 96
INPut<ip>:FILTer:CHANnel:HPASs:SDBBw........................................................................ 96
INPut<ip>:FILTer:CHANnel[:LPASs]:AUTO......................................................................... 96
INPut<ip>:FILTer:CHANnel:HPASs[:STATe].........................................................................97
INPut<ip>:FILTer:CHANnel[:LPASs]:FDBBw....................................................................... 97
INPut<ip>:FILTer:CHANnel[:LPASs]:SDBBw....................................................................... 97
INPut<ip>:FILTer:CHANnel[:LPASs][:STATe]....................................................................... 98
[SENSe:]SWAPiq.............................................................................................................98
[SENSe:]SWEep:COUNt...................................................................................................98
[SENSe:]SWEep:LENGth..................................................................................................99
[SENSe:]SWEep:TIME..................................................................................................... 99
TRACe:IQ:SRATe.............................................................................................................99
TRACe:IQ:WBANd[:STATe].............................................................................................100
TRACe:IQ:WBANd:MBWidth...........................................................................................100
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Configuring CDR Measurements
INITiate:REFResh
This command updates the current measurement results to reflect the current measurement settings.
No new I/Q data is captured. Thus, measurement settings apply to the I/Q data currently in the capture buffer.
The command applies exclusively to I/Q measurements. It requires I/Q data.
Example:
Usage: Event
Manual operation: See "Refresh" on page 52
INPut<ip>:FILTer:CHANnel:HPASs:FDBBw?
Suffix:
<ip>
Return values:
<Frequency> Default unit: HZ
Usage: Query only
Manual operation: See "50-dB Bandwidth" on page 51
INPut<ip>:FILTer:CHANnel:HPASs:SDBBw <Frequency>
Configures the bandwidth of the high pass filter at which an attenuation of 6 dB is
reached. The filter bandwidth cannot be higher than the current sample rate. If necessary, the filter bandwidth is adapted to the current sample rate.
Suffix:
<ip>
INIT:REFR
Updates the IQ measurement results.
.
1..n
.
1..n
Parameters:
<Frequency> Default unit: HZ
Example:
Manual operation: See "6-dB Bandwidth" on page 51
INPut<ip>:FILTer:CHANnel[:LPASs]:AUTO <State>
Defines whether the filters are configured automatically according to the loaded configuration file.
Suffix:
<ip>
Parameters:
<State> AUTO | MANual
INPU:FILT:CHAN:HPAS:SDBB 30 MHZ
.
1 | 2
irrelevant
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Manual operation: See "Filter Settings" on page 50
INPut<ip>:FILTer:CHANnel:HPASs[:STATe] <State>
Activates an additional internal highpass filter.
Suffix:
<ip>
Parameters:
<State> ON | OFF | 0 | 1
Example:
Manual operation: See "Highpass Filter State" on page 51
INPut<ip>:FILTer:CHANnel[:LPASs]:FDBBw <Frequency>
Configures the 50-dB frequency of the channel filter. The 50-dB frequency is the distance from the center of the filter to the point at which the filter reaches an attenuation
of 50 dB. This frequency must always be larger than the 6-dB passband (see
INPut<ip>:FILTer:CHANnel[:LPASs]:SDBBw on page 97).
Suffix:
<ip>
.
1..n
OFF | 0
Switches the filter off.
ON | 1
Switches the filter on
*RST: 0
INP:FILT:CHAN:HPAS ON
.
1 | 2
irrelevant
Parameters:
<Frequency> Default unit: HZ
Example:
Example: See Chapter 7.9.1, "Example: CDR Analysis", on page 164
Manual operation: See "50-dB Bandwidth" on page 51
INPut<ip>:FILTer:CHANnel[:LPASs]:SDBBw <Frequency>
Configures the 6-dB bandwidth of the channel filter. The filter bandwidth cannot be
higher than the current 50-dB frequency (see INPut<ip>:FILTer:CHANnel[:
LPASs]:FDBBw on page 97).
Suffix:
<ip>
Parameters:
<Frequency> Default unit: HZ
INP:FILT:CHAN:FDBB 40MHZ
.
1 | 2
irrelevant
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Configuring CDR Measurements
Example:
Example: See Chapter 7.9.1, "Example: CDR Analysis", on page 164
Manual operation: See "6-dB Bandwidth" on page 50
INPut<ip>:FILTer:CHANnel[:LPASs][:STATe] <State>
This command turns an adjustable (lowpass) channel filter in the signal path on and
off.
You can define its characteristics with
●
INPut<ip>:FILTer:CHANnel[:LPASs]:SDBBw on page 97
●
INPut<ip>:FILTer:CHANnel[:LPASs]:FDBBw on page 97
Suffix:
<ip>
Parameters:
<State> ON | OFF
Example:
INP:FILT:CHAN:SDBB 30MHZ
.
1 | 2
irrelevant
*RST: OFF
INP:FILT:CHAN ON
Turns on the adjustable channel filter.
Example: See Chapter 7.9.1, "Example: CDR Analysis", on page 164
Manual operation: See "Filter State" on page 50
[SENSe:]SWAPiq <State>
This command defines whether or not the recorded I/Q pairs should be swapped (I<>Q) before being processed. Swapping I and Q inverts the sideband.
This is useful if the DUT interchanged the I and Q parts of the signal; then the
R&S ETL CDR software can do the same to compensate for it.
Parameters:
<State> ON | 1
I and Q signals are interchanged
Inverted sideband, Q+j*I
OFF | 0
I and Q signals are not interchanged
Normal sideband, I+j*Q
*RST: 0
Manual operation: See " Swap I/Q " on page 49
[SENSe:]SWEep:COUNt <SweepCount>
This command defines the number of measurements that the application uses to average traces.
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Configuring CDR Measurements
In case of continuous measurement mode, the application calculates the moving average over the average count.
In case of single measurement mode, the application stops the measurement and calculates the average after the average count has been reached.
Suffix:
<n>
Example:
[SENSe:]SWEep:LENGth
Defines the number of samples to be captured during each measurement.
Parameters:
<Length> integer
Example:
Example: See Chapter 7.9.1, "Example: CDR Analysis", on page 164
Manual operation: See "Capture Length" on page 49
[SENSe:]SWEep:TIME <Time>
.
Window
SWE:COUN 64
Sets the number of measurements to 64.
INIT:CONT OFF
Switches to single measurement mode.
INIT;*WAI
Starts a measurement and waits for its end.
<Length>
Range: 1 to 8 000 000
SENSe:SWEep:LENGth 1001
This command defines the measurement time. It automatically decouples the time from
any other settings.
Parameters:
<Time> refer to data sheet
*RST: depends on current settings (determined automati-
cally)
Default unit: S
Example:
Manual operation: See "Capture Time" on page 49
TRACe:IQ:SRATe <SampleRate>
This command sets the final user sample rate for the acquired I/Q data. Thus, the user
sample rate can be modified without affecting the actual data capturing settings on the
R&S ETL CDR software.
SWE:TIME 10s
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Parameters:
<SampleRate> The valid sample rates depend on the connected R&S ETL.
Refer to the instrument's documentation.
*RST: 32 MHz
Manual operation: See "Sample Rate" on page 49
TRACe:IQ:WBANd[:STATe] <State>
This command determines whether the wideband provided by bandwidth extension
options is used or not (if installed).
Parameters:
<State> ON | OFF | 1 | 0
ON | 1
If enabled, bandwidth extension options installed on the connected R&S ETL can be used.
OFF | 0
No bandwidth extension options installed on the connected
R&S ETL are used. The maximum analysis bandwidth is restricted, depending on the used instrument.
*RST: 1
Manual operation: See "Maximum Bandwidth" on page 50
TRACe:IQ:WBANd:MBWidth <Limit>
Defines the maximum analysis bandwidth. Any value can be specified; the next higher
fixed bandwidth is used.
The available fixed values depend on the connected R&S ETL and the installed bandwidth extension options.
Manual operation:
See "Maximum Bandwidth" on page 50
7.4.7 Defining the Result Range
The result range determines which part of the capture buffer or burst is displayed.
[SENSe:]DEMod:FORMat:NOFSymbols...........................................................................100
[SENSe:]DEMod:FORMat:NOFSymbols <NSymbols>
This command defines the number of symbols in a frame.
Note that frames with fewer symbols are not analyzed.
Parameters:
<NSymbols> Range: 4 to 2000
*RST: 10
100Manual 1346.8926.02 ─ 01
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