Usage and Applications
RME - the development team
RME consists of a German team of developers with a
robust vision for creating innovative, user friendly, and
sophisticated digital audio solutions that will meet any
professional budget. Founded in 1996, RME quickly earned
their stripes as a premier industry provider, expanding
rapidly into mainstream international markets.
Each developer in the RME team is either a musician or
sound engineer, as well as being a specialist in hardware
and software development. In addition to their proven
skills, they also regularly network with specialists within
other industries to exchange knowledge and know-how aiming to gain a competitive advantage in the audio industy.
RME is absolutely commited to sell, update and maintain
each of their products for many years - exceeding the
average lifetime of most other products in their league.
Nevertheless, a consistent string of new and innovative
products throughout RME’s history, has earned frequent
awards and accolades from the press and the public.
RME - the industry standard
RME products are known for their reliability and their unique feature sets. Acknowledged by professional users and hobbyists
alike, their digital interfaces and analog converters capture, transport and play back audio with exceptional quality - for which
they have received numerous awards. After having also been included in many scientific and industrial applications, RME has
set a standard much talked about whenever the focus is on uncompressed, high quality audio.
This brochure is focuses on MADI - a protocol that has evolved alongside RME to be the most widely accepted multi channel
digital audio protocol on the market. It has been written for anyone who is new to the technology or who feels the need to
know a bit more about how MADI may be used to create or extend audio systems for their specific requirements.
MADI Router
12 Port MADI Digital Patch Bay & Format Converter
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MADI stream
to FOH / control room
Why MADI?
With its architecture directly related to the AES3 (AES/EBU)
audio protocol and its widely available consumer equivalent
S/PDIF, MADI is a format that provides sim-plicity, extremely
low latencies and ease of use across short and long distances.
MADI is designed to send up to 64 audio channels at 48kHz
sampling frequency (32 channels at 96kHz, 16 channels at
192kHz) from one device to another device in a unidirectional
data stream. This distinguishes MADI signals from so-called
“network audio protocols” that require user interaction to
send audio signals between several audio devices once they
have detected each other in a local area network.
The fact that MADI is a point-to-point protocol simplifies the
design of digital audio devices, and brings several benefits
for the user:
• Audio devices with MADI such as A/D or digital format
converters, computer audio interfaces and others
have incredibly low boot up times of usually less
than 5 seconds from power on to full operability and
signal processing
• An audio signal of up to 64 channels, 24 bit, 48kHz is
detected by the receiving device in the blink of an eye
• The latency between two MADI equipped digital
devices is extremely low compared to network audio
formats (commonly less than three samples - equivalent
to 62.5 µs)
• A minimum amount of configuration is required, after
that, it’s all plug and play
• Devices can be configured stand-alone, all routings and
channel assignments are static and independent of an
existing connection to another device
• MADI devices perform consistently, regardless of how
many devices are connected
• Malfunctions can quickly be traced and resolved, for
example by using RME’s free DIGIcheck application.
The Multichannel Audio Digital Interface was created as
an open standard (AES-10) and has, since its creation,
been implemented in the audio devices of countless
manufacturers worldwide. Its wide acceptance through-out
the industry makes it a safe investment wherever a large
number of audio channels need to be transmitted.
MADI - cable basics
In its current revision, the MADI standard suggests two
types of cables, optical and coaxial. Both have been
supported by RME since 2003, when RME released its first
MADI computer interface card HDSP MADI, and its first
ADAT-MADI converter ADI-648.
A third type of cable, known from common computer
networks, is called “twisted pair” (CAT5e or higher) and has
the advantage of providing additional capacity for the
transport of DC voltage. At the time of writing, this cable
type is not part of the MADI standard and is therefore
implemented by manufacturers in different ways.
All cables carry the same information and achieve the
same signal quality, the type of cable is therefore a
question of convenience, budget and compatibility.
Optical cables have the advantage of being galvanically
isolated, extremely lightweight and available in lengths of
up to 2000m. 75 ohms coaxial cables are robust, feature a
locking mechanism and are widely in use for word clock
and video cabling.
They normally bridge distances of up to 100m. Twisted pair
cables are very affordable and often already integrated
into the existing building infrastructure. Depending on
the classification of the cable, lengths of more than 150m
can be used.
While the optical and coaxial ports provide independent
input and output connectors, the RJ45 connector for
twisted pair cables integrates both input and output in
one plug. For this reason there are two ports on devices
where several units might be connected in a chain.
In a MADI system, each device detects the complete 64
channel stream at its input, and creates a new stream
at its output to send it to the next device. If some
channels should be passed on through a device, they
are simply copied from input to output without any
alteration by the device.
On the following pages, you are guided through some
common MADI systems - please keep in mind that
each product may be used in a variety of different ways.
Contact your local RME dealer for a tailor-made setup to
fit your needs!
REC
USB Computer Interface
Microphone Preamp:
OctaMic XTC
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MADI to DAW
As an alternative to the existing RME MADI interfaces
for PCI, PCIe and ExpressCard, RME chose the USB 3.0
connection standard to transport 3x MADI in and out
of the computer for a simple reason: USB 3.0 is an open
standard that allows RME to build the complete driver
architecture, without relying on third party controllers.
USB 3.0 brings along many advantages for users, such as
USB 2.0 downward compatibility, affordable cables and
availability across Windows and Mac.
As an alternative the MADIface XT also features the ePCIe
connector - providing a lockable PCIe solution that can
easily be adapted to external Thunderbolt™ converters or
internal ePCIe cards.
The RME drivers, legendary for their performance and
stability, integrate perfectly with various recording
applications.
Built-in mixing
The RME computer interfaces feature TotalMix, which is
a 192kHz capable mixing engine that can be controlled
from an attached computer or even a hardware controller.
The MADIface XT boasts an additional DSP processor
which lets you add reverb, equalizers or compressors
Meet tomorrow’s
control room:
Computer Interfaces
MADI shows its real advantages when computers are involved in the playback and recording process. Due to its simple
format, it excels over other multichannel protocols in both latency and channel count. This advantage also reduces the
system load of the workstation and leads to extremely low latencies. Newer computer chipsets even provide the same
performance on any peripheral standard - therefore the question if one should use USB 2.0, 3.0, PCI, PCIe or bridged PCIe is
rather a question of channel count and availability than a question of latency.
The first MADI setup example is built around the MADIface XT. It is in many ways a perfect fit for small and large audio setups,
as it provides connections for monitor speakers, talk back microphones, a pair of headphones and even line level inputs.
within a few samples, avoiding the time-consuming
detour to software plugins and other effects processors
via USB or PCIe.
Of course, you can also create submixes on every single
output channel of the device - the headphones, the
speakers, the AES3 output and the 192 audio channels
that are sent on the three MADI connectors.
Stand alone operation
Imagine that someone pulls the plug on your computer
while you were using a MADIface XT in a critical situation.
While you reboot the system, the MADIface XT keeps
running as if nothing happened - even internal routing
and mixing across its input and output channels stay
active without a glitch.
Choice of formats
If your mixing desk makes use of coaxial instead of optical
MADI cables - no problem! Next to the two optical
connectors, the third MADI connector makes it possible
to send your signals on coaxial cables. Between RME
devices, you can even connect both cable types for extra
safety if someone accidentally unplugs one of the two
cables.
INTERFACES
MADIfaceXT
MICROPHONES
HEADPHONES
MONITORS
BUILTIN MIXER
TOTALMIX FX
USB 3.0
MADI STREAM
REMOTE CONTROL
Connect - to insert, merge and extend.
Connecting the XTC to other MADI devices is simple: in our example, connect the output of the MADIface XT to the input
of the OctaMic XTC in order to send remote control and clocking information. Then, connect the output of the OctaMic
XTC to the input of the MADIface XT to receive audio. You’re all set! The MADIface XT can now receive the signals of
the OctaMic XTC, including its microphone preamps, ADAT and AES3 inputs and even up to 24 audio channels from an
attached iOS device. Got an older ADAT or AES3 preamp? You can attach that to the OctaMic XTC too.
iPad®
The Octamic XTC is the first MADI device compatible to
Class Compliant USB Audio. That means that you can
connect it to your Apple iPad® Camera Connection Kit and
integrate your favorite audio apps - such as synthesizers
and multitrack recorders. You can record and play back up
to 24 channels of audio - from and to any signal source
that’s connected to the XTC - analog, AES/EBU, ADAT or
MADI.
Headphones
Headphone outputs are rare on microphone preamps,
but they are useful. Remember TotalMix FX on the
previous page? A microphone signal going from the
OctaMic microphone input via MADI to the MADIface
XT, adding some reverb and returning to the headphone
outputs takes about the same amount of time that sound
MADI - from a microphone’s point of view
RME offers two microphone preamplifiers with MADI - the flagship model Micstasy and the OctaMic XTC. Its eight
microphone and line inputs, four switchable to Hi-Z mode, meet an unrivaled variety of digital connection options - from
common ADAT and AES/EBU to sophisticated 64-channel MADI optical. This device fits virtually anywhere into your existing
setup and is the perfect entry point to larger MADI systems.
MADI FOR STAGE AND MONITORING
iOS DEVICE
MICROPHONES
HEADPHONES
MADI STREAM MADI STREAM
Compared to the new XTC the Micstasy excels with
+30 dBu universal inputs, 85 dB Gain range - in steps of
0.5 dB, separated instrument inputs, faster AutoSet gain
reduction, analog high-pass filters, additional coaxial
MADI connectors, MADI redundancy, one-look-see-it-all
front design and eight pure analog preamp outputs.
needs to travel in air over a distance of 25 cm, even if
you’re running 2000m of MADI cable in between. Your
musicians will love it - they play better with less delay in
their monitoring. Each pair of headphones can monitor
any pair of audio channels that the OctaMic XTC receives.
AES3
AD AT
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Daisy chains and signal embedding A perfect companion
CONNECTING TWO OR MORE DEVICES
MADI STREAM
CHANNELS
The signal that leads to your chain of devices can be used to send remote control and clock
information to them. Also, the audio that is received at each OctaMic XTC can be routed to
the available outputs of the devices below, which are 2 ADAT ports, 4 stereo AES3 outs, two
headphone outs and a 24 channel USB class compliant output - on each device.
9-16
17-24
25-32
33-40
41-48
49-56
57-64
Many MADI devices, such as the OctaMic XTC, have one
MADI input and one MADI output. But this does not mean
that each device has to have its own connection to the
computer interface. In fact, MADI devices pass through
any audio channels that they receive - except for the ones
that they insert themselves.
If you require, for example, 24 microphone inputs, all
you need to do is create a daisy-chain of three devices:
the first writes into channel 1-8 and passes this signal to
the second. The second device passes channel 1-8 directly
to the output but additionally embeds its own signal into
channel 9-16. The third device passes on channel 1-16
and embeds its own signals into channel 17-24.
The 3 sample offset between each pair of devices can be
automatically compensated with delay compensation.
USB 2.0
MADI OPTICAL
MADI COAXIAL
It doesn’t matter if the USB port is connected to a simple
USB charger or battery pack and the MADIface used in
stand-alone mode, or if it is connected to a computer
which can additionally record all 64 microphone signals
that are received from the attached set of preamps.
When attached to a computer, it is even possible
to access TotalMix FX, the built-in mixer, to create
patches and mixes before the signal is passed on to the
next device.
MADI STREAM
Mixer, router, format converter, stream splitter, signal
repeater - the MADIface USB is a perfect addition to any
MADI system.
You can use it to create redundancy, for automatic failover,
and even for creating mixes with extremely low latency
between the optical, coaxial and USB 2.0 audio inputs
altogether! The MADIface USB can be easily integrated
into a broad range of applications.
In the example below, the MADIface USB is used as a
splitter to create redundancy for the signals that are
received from the stage box.
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MADI distribution Introducing MADI TP
ROUTING ACROSS DIFFERENT FORMATS
As MADI systems grow, they may require a central router
to distribute and merge streams and individual channels.
The MADI Router is a device that can be used to split MADI
signals into several outputs, or combine audio channels
from several inputs into one signal.
The MADI Router has a variety of different MADI connectors
- four optical, four coaxial and four twisted pair (TP) - which
may all be used independently with their complete
channel counts, even running at different clocks.
MADI COAXIALMADI OPTICAL
EXT
MAIN
EXT
MAIN
TWISTED PAIR
TWISTED PAIR
Technical background
RME’s MADI TP implementation uses standard Layer 1
Ethernet technology. That means that the signal itself
remains stable and is encoded for maximum stability over
long distances, just like on a computer network.
Common network switches cannot be used with
MADI as they require more complex Layer 2 or Layer 3
network audio protocols, which in turn increase latency
and complexity.
While TP cables are not part of the official MADI standard,
RME decided to add them as a third option since they are
cheap and widely available. And they come with another
benefit. Apart from containing two MADI streams (one in
each direction), they can also provide power to attached
devices. That means attached devices do not require
an extra power supply, but instead make use of the
redundant PSU of the MADI Router.
MAIN and EXT ports
Each RJ45 port features a complete 64 channel sender
and receiver. On the ADAT and AES Router and Converter
products, there are two RJ45 ports labelled MAIN and
EXT. Why? The difference is simple: their pinout is
crossed. So the MAIN port could be explained as an IN/
OUT port, while the EXT port is an OUT/IN port. Therefore,
it is necessary to connect the EXT port of one device with
the MAIN port of another device. If two EXT-ports were to
be connected, an ethernet crossover cable must be used.
Including TP into your existing setup
The twisted pair cables offer a convenient way to extend
your MADI system with a new range of digital routers and
converters.
The ADAT Converter in our example below extends the
MADI Router by 8 ADAT light pipe I/O. The MADI Router
can access each of the 64 inputs and outputs individually
with its internal routing matrix.
The AES3 Converter shows another great extension as
it can be configured to be either sending or receiving
64 audio channels, or sending and receiving 32 audio
channels at the same time.
AES3 CONVERTER
ADAT CONVERTER
If you require more optical or more coaxial connectors,
you can simply add one or two more MADI Routers or a
MADI Converter to the system - which does not increase
the system latency by a single sample.
Four internal matrices can access all 768 input channels
and create a new 64 channel output signal from them.
This can then be sent to any number of MADI outputs
required. This means that these four internal matrices
act like four additional, internal inputs - resulting in 16
possible sources for each physical MADI output port on
the device.
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MADI cable
Example: analog multicore. 64 channels of analog inputs are converterd to MADI using two M-32 AD
analog to digital converters at the source, and two M-32 DA converters at the destination.
AES3 Router
AES3 Converter
16 Stereo channels both directions
8x ADAT lightpipe
(64 channels) in both directions
ADAT Converter
ADAT Router
EXAMPLES: DIGITAL MULTICORE
3x OctaMic XTC on stage
24 channel backup
recording on iPad®
MADI to control room
Safe recording
In every recording situation, backups and redundancy are
crucial. Many RME devices therefore feature the capability
to split their output signal to two or more connectors.
Seamless MADI redundancy
On the receiver side, the identical signals are then
compared: the MADIface USB, MADIface XT and the
HDSPe MADI FX offer RME’s new seamless redundancy
which immediately switches the active input in case the
current input signal is lost.
Power supply safety and redundancy
The MADIface XT has an external power supply with a
locking connector to the device.
The new MADI Router, AES3 Router and ADAT Router each
feature two independent internal power supply units that
can be used with optional locking connector AC cables.
Backup recording
Thanks to the Class Compliant USB Audio connection
of the OctaMic XTC, a 24 channel backup recording can
easily be created close to the stagebox as a modern
alternative to an additional Windows/Mac OS DAW.
Oine conguration
Since each MADI device saves the routing assignments
for the outgoing MADI signal at its core, it can of course
also be configured without any input signal present.
In addition, devices such as the MADI Router, the
MADIface XT and the OctaMic XTC also have preset
storage on board - so all routings and settings can be
saved and recalled for different situations.
Simple digital multicores
The examples on the previous pages showed how to
connect computer audio interfaces and microphone
preamplifiers via MADI - but of course, it is also possible
to connect two MADI devices together directly, without
any computer interface involved.
This is very useful for multicores. A single MADI cable can
replace 64 balanced analog cables, eight ADAT lightpipe
cables or 32 balanced 110 ohms AES3 cables, reducing
weight and complexity while at the same time increasing
the signal quality.
The AES3 and ADAT Routers and Converters make this
type of setup simple and convenient - the twisted pair
cable not only carries a bidirectional MADI signal, but
also DC power on the same cable. Therefore, only the
Routers have to be connected to a power source - the
Converters receive their power via MADI TP.
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Active Monitor Speakers
ADI-8QS-M
MADIface USB
MADI Router
FOH/Control Room Mixing Console
Analog Mixing Desk
48 Ch. I/O
AES3 Converter
AES3 Converter
AES3 Extension
32 stereo digital I/O powered by MADI TP
ADAT Converter
ADAT Extension
8 ADAT Lightpipe I/O (64 audio channels)
OctaMic XTC
Micstasy-M
Stage Box 1
32 Microphone Inputs
OctaMic XTC
ADI-8 DS MK-III
Stage Box 2
32 Microphone Inputs + 32 Line Level Inputs, 32 Line Level Outputs + 8 Stereo Headphone Outputs
AD AT
Alesis® Digital Audio
recorder with ADAT
interface
OctaMic II or
Fireface audio
interfaces
Analog Extension
48 Ch. Analog I/O
Digital SRC Extension
32 Ch. ADAT/AES3/TDIF I/O with SRC
Control Room / Mixing
196 Input / 198 Output channels
M-32 DA / M-16 DA
M-32 AD / M-16 AD
ADI-192DD
AES3 Router
MADIface XT
Talkback Mic Stereo Monitors
Sourround Monitoring Room
192kHz 24 bit 7.1 Setup
(ext. up to 22.2 at 96kHz)
MADI TP Analog
SACD/ DVD-A
Player
MADI Optical
MADI Coaxial ADAT Optical
KEY
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Sketch your own MADI system. Questions? Take a picture and mail it to: support@rme-audio.de
Digital Audio Audio Interface Analog Audio Features
MADI
Optical
MADI
Coaxial
MADI TP ADAT AES-3 USB CC USB 2.0 USB 3.0/ Analog
Router
TotalMix FX
DSP Eects
Connector Type PCIe
IN OUT IN OUT EXT MAIN IN
IN
OUT
OUT
IN
IN
OUT iOS Win/Mac Win/Mac IN OUT
Audio channels per connector: IN OUT IN OUT IN/OUT IN/OUT IN/OUT
at 32-48kHz 64/56 64/56 64/56 64/56 64 64 64 64 8 8 2 2 24 64 ~200 1 1
at 88.2, 96kHz 32/28 32/28 32/28 32/28 32 32 32 32 4 4 2 2 24 32 ~100 1 1
at 176.4, 192kHz 16/14 16/14 16/14 16/14 16 16 16 16 2 2 2 2 8 16 ~50 1 1
Number of connectors (for number of audio channels, multiply according to list above)
Computer Interfaces
MADIface XT 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 (2MIC ) 4 (1 HP) • • •
MADIface USB 1 1 1 1 1 • •
HDSPe MADI FX 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 (PCIe) 2 (1 HP) • • •
Digital Converters
MADI Router 4 4 4 4 4 •
AES3 Router Mode Normal 1 1 1 1 1 1 16 16 •
All In 32 0
All Out 0 32
AES3 Converter Mode Normal 1 1 16 16
All In 32 0
All Out 0 32
ADAT Router 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 8 •
ADAT Converter 1 1 8 8
DMC-842 1 (R) 1 (S) 1 (R) 1 (S) 2 4 SRC 4 •
ADI-192 DD (no MADI) 1 SRC 2 4 SRC 4 •
MADI Converter 6 6 6 6
Analog Converters
M-32 AD 1 (R) 1 (S) 1 (R) 1 (S) 32
M-16 AD 1 (R) 1 (S) 1 (R) 1 (S) 16
M-32 DA 1 (R) 1 (S) 1 (R) 1 (S) 32
M-16 DA 1 (R) 1 (S) 1 (R) 1 (S) 16
ADI-8 QS-M 1 (R) 1 (S) 1 (R) 1 (S) 2 4 4 8 8
ADI-8 DS MKIII (no MADI) 2 2 4 4 8 8 •
Micstasy-M 1 (R) 1 (S) 1 (R) 1 (S) 2 4 •
Octamic XTC 1 1 1 2 4 4 1 8 (8MIC/4INST) 4 (2 HP) •
1) At the time of writing, MADI TP is implemented with a maximum channel count of 64 Ch. At 44.1kHz, or 56 Ch. At 48kHz sampling frequency.
2) (R) means that even though the device has two MADI inputs, only one input is used at a time and the other used for redundancy.
3) (S) means that even though the device has two MADI outputs, both outputs always send an identical signal (split output).
4) The AES3 Router and Converter can operate in either mode (can be set at the unit).
For a complete list of products and their specifications, please refer to the MADI Solutions brochure.
Selected RME products for your MADI system
Worldwide Distribution
Audio AG
Am Pfanderling 60
85778 Haimhausen
Tel: +49 (0) 8133 / 918170
Fax: +49 (0)8133 / 9166
E-Mail: info@audioag.com
Internet: www.audioag.com
Distribution Headquarter Americas
Synthax Inc.
6600 NW 16th Street
Suite 10
Ft Lauderdale, FL 33313, USA
Internet: www.synthax.com
Distribution Headquarter Asia/Australia
RME Trading Ltd.
Unit 1002, 10/F, Tower B, Regent Centre
70 Ta Chuen Ping Street, Kwai Chung,
Hong Kong S.A.R.
E-Mail: office@rme-trading.hk
© 2014 PEC
All specifications are subject to change without further notice.
iOS, Mac OS and iPad are trademarks of Apple Inc.
Windows is a trademark of Microsoft Corp.
Thunderbolt is a trademark of Intel Corp.
All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
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