Reznor VPS Unit Installation Manual

INSTALLATION / OPERATION / MAINTENANCE

Applies to: Model VPS 120V 60Hz

Gas-Fired, Tubular, Radiant,

Low-Intensity Infrared Heater

Model VPS Burner/Control Box with 20 - 80 ft Tube/Reflector Length

Part No. 270683

Introduction.

Welcome to the new range of powered infra-red

heaters. Local regulations may vary and it is the installer’s responsibility to ensure that such

regulations are satisfied.

All installation, assembly, commissioning and service procedures must be carried out by suitable qualified competent persons and conform with local building codes, or in the absence of local codes, with the National Fuel Gas Code ANSI Z223.1/NFPA 54 or the National Gas and Propane Installation Code

CSA B149.1

When assembling, installing, commissioning and servicing is undertaken on radiant tube

Document Index.

heaters specified in these instructions, due care and attention is required to ensure that working

at height regulations are adhered to.

PLEASE READ this document prior to installation to familiarize yourself with the

components and tools you require at the various

stages of assembly.

All Dimensions shown are in inches unless

otherwise stated.

The manufacturer reserves the right to alter

specifications without prior notice.

1 Installation Requirements

1.1 Health & Safety

1.2 Heater Suspension

1.3 Clearance to Combustibles

1.4 Gas Connection & Supply Details

1.5 Electrical Connections

1.6 Ventilation Requirements

1.6.1 Unvented Units

1.6.2 Vertical Venting

1.6.3 Horizontal Venting

1.7 Fresh Air Intake

1.8 Technical Details

2 Assembly Instructions

2.1 Tools Required

2.2 Assembly Notes

2.2.1 Tubes

2.2.2 Turbulators

2.2.3 Brackets

2.2.4 Couplers

2.2.5 Reflectors

2.2.6 End Caps (optional)

2.2.7 Bends (where required)

2.2.8 Burner/Fan Assembly

2.2.9 Detailed Assembly Drawings

3 Start Up Instructions

3.1 Tools Required

3.2 Start up procedure

4 Servicing Instructions

4.1 Tools Required

4.2 Burner Description

4.3 Burner Removal

4.4 Burner Gas Injector Servicing

4.5 Burner Head and Electrode Servicing

4.6 Combustion Fan Assembly

4.7 Radiant Tube Servicing

4.8 Reflector Servicing

4.9 Cleaning of Vent

4.10 Re-commissioning after Service

5 Spare Parts 6 Troubleshooting Guide 7 Replacing Parts

7.1 Burner Controller Replacement

7.2 Air Pressure Switch Replacement

7.3 Gas Valve Replacement

7.4 Optional Extra Kits

8 User and Operating Instructions

8.1 To Start Heater

8.2 To Switch Off Heater

8.3 Servicing

1. Installation Requirements.

1.1 Health and Safety

A. Heater is intended for heating

non-residential indoor spaces and should

only be installed where flammable gases or

vapors are not generally present.

B. Heaters may be suspended either horizontal

or at any angle. See section 1.3 for

clearance dimensions.

C. The installation must conform with local

building codes or, in the absence of local

D. The unit shall be electrically grounded in

E. The heater may be installed in aircraft

Aircraft Hangars, ANSI/NFPA 409 and in automotive garages when installed in

2

codes, with the National Fuel Gas Code,

ANSI Z223.1/NFPA 54 or the Natural Gas and Propane Installation Code, CSA

B149.1.

accordance with National Electric Code ANSI/NFPA 70 and Canadian Electrical

Code CSA C22.1.

hangars in accordance with the Standard for

accordance with the Standard for Parking

CHAIN

55° SUSPENSION

2/0 GA CHAIN

(TWISTED LINK, PLATED)

NOTE. HOOKS ARE TO

BE CLOSED UP AFTER ASSEMBLY

EYE HOOKS

EXHAUST

END

BURNER

END

U TUBE VARIANTS

Structures, ANSI/NFPA 88A, or the Standard for Repair Garages, ANSI/NFPA 88B, or the

Canadian Natural Gas and Propane Installation Code, CSA B149.1, and are so

marked. Ensure that minimum clearances will be maintained to vehicles parked below the

heater.

F. The standard heaters are approved for

installations between 0 - 2000ft (0 - 610m) for the US and 0 - 4500 ft (1370m) for Canada.

Conversion kits are available on installations

above these heights in the USA.

G. Massachusetts Requirement: If the heater is being installed in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, this unit must be installed by

a licensed plumber or licenced gas fitter.

1.2 Heater Suspension

Attachment to the heater support lugs should be made by D shackle. The hanging attachments to overhead steelwork etc. must be purpose made to sound engineering practice or supplied by others. They must be adequately fixed and designed to carry the whole weight of the heater. In the event of suitable roof steelwork being unavailable, additional steelwork should be fitted to enable vertical hangers to be used

for suspending the heaters.

These methods are illustrated in Figure 1. If there are any doubts as to the strength or suitability of roof steelwork to which heaters are to be suspended, please refer to a Consultant,

Architect or owner of the building.

It is recommended that the heater is raised to its final position once the assembly of the tube/ bracket/reflector has been completed. Longer tube assemblies may be raised in more than

one sub-assembly with final tube connection made in the air.

WARNING:

If not installed, operated and maintained in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions, this product could expose you to substances in fuel or from fuel combustion which are

known to the state of California to cause cancer, birth defects or other reproductive harm.

Figure 1. Recommended Methods of Heater Suspension.

Suitable Chain

Working Load Limit

100lb.

3

ON U TUBE VARIANTS THE HEATER SHOULD SLOPE DOWNWARDS TOWARDS THE RETURN BEND AND ON LINEAR VARIANTS SHOULD SLOPE DOWNWARDS TOWARDS BURNER BY APPROX. ½” FOR

HORIZONTAL INSTALLATIONS AS SHOWN BELOW (DIAGRAMS EXAGGERATED FOR CLARITY)

1/2”

Outlet

U Tube heater side view

U bend

Linear heater side view

1.3 Clearance to Combustibles.

Minimum clearance to combustibles are shown in Table 1 below.

IMPORTANT:

The stated clearance to combustibles represents a surface temperature of 90°F (50° C) above room temperature.

Building material with a low heat tolerance (such as plastics, vinyl siding, canvas, tri-ply, etc.) may be subject to

degradation at lower temperatures. It is the installer’s responsibility to assure that adjacent materials are protected

from degradation. Building material with a low heat tolerance (such as plastics, vinyl siding, canvas, tri-ply, etc.) may be subject to degradation at lower temperatures. It is the installer’s responsibility to assure that adjacent materials are protected from degradation.

Table 1

MODEL A B B1 C1 C2 C3 D1 D2 E

Clearance to Combustibles, inches (cm)

60

80

100

125

150

170

200

* distance with end caps fitted.

74 (188) 29 (74) 41 (105) 20 (51) / 10* (26)* 8 (21) 22 (56) 8 (21) 12 (31) 12 (31)

74 (188) 32 (82) 41 (105) 20 (51) / 10* (26)* 8 (21) 22 (56) 8 (21) 16 (41) 12 (31)

74 (188) 39 (99) 47 (120) 20 (51) / 10* (26)* 8 (21) 22 (56) 20 (51) 18 (46) 12 (31)

74 (188) 39 (99) 48 (122) 20 (51) / 10* (26)* 8 (21) 22 (56) 20 (51) 18 (46) 12 (31)

86 (219) 48 (122) 48 (122) 20 (51) / 10* (26)* 11 (28) 22 (56) 20 (51) 20 (51) 12 (31)

WARNING:

Minimum clearance from the heater must be maintained from vehicles

parked below heater. In all situations, clearances to combustibles must be maintained. Signs should be posted in storage areas to specify maximum stacking height to maintain required clearance to combustibles. Such signs must either be posted adjacent to

the heater thermostats or in the absence of such thermostats in a conspicuous location. Refer to mounting clearance tables.

4

C2

C1

A

B1

B

A

E

D2

.

D1

Ensure that there is adequate

provision in the building for

combustion and ventilation air supply.

Installation must meet minimum

requirements and appliciable codes.

Burner end.

Outlet end.

Angled view.

End view.

C3

Below

heater

Side

vented

Side

unvented

End

unvented

Above outlet

unvented

Above

Reflector

Above

Burner

Service

distance

Return end on

U tube heater

WARNING!

0° to 55°

Figure 2 Clearance to Combustibles.

The minimum clearances to combustible materials are given in the tables below. These minimum distances MUST be adhered to at all times. Adequate clearance MUST be provided

around air openings into the combustion chamber and there MUST be suitable clearance for

accessibility and for combustion / ventilating air supplies.

applicable

5

1.4 Gas Connection and Supply

WARNING: Before installation, check that the local distribution conditions,

nature of gas and pressure, and adjustment

of the appliance are compatible.

The gas connection on the heater is ½” N.P.T

internal thread.

Injector sizes and manifold pressure for the burners are shown in the table 4. The gas supply piping and connections must be installed so that the minimum pressure stated is

achieved.

A gas shut off valve and union should be fitted in the gas supply line close to the heater and a ⅛” N.P.T plugged tapping, accessible for test gauge connection, provided immediately

upstream of the appliance gas inlet.

It is essential to provide some flexibility in the final gas connection by use of an approved

flexible gas connector. See Fig 4.

Take care when making a gas connection

to the heater not to apply excessive turning

force to the internal controls.

Care must be taken to observe the minimum

pipe bend diameter (minimum 10” - 250mm, maximum 14” - 350mm) & pipe expansion distance (minimum 1⅛” - 28mm, maximum 3¾”) - 95mm.

The correct installation as shown will allow

for approx 4” of movement due to expansion.

Figure 3. Correct orientation of Ball Valve

Gas Flow

Figure 4. Correct Installation of Flexible

Gas Connection

WARNING: FIRE OR EXPLOSION HAZARD - Expansion of the radiant pipe occurs with

each firing cycle causing the burner to move with respect to the gas line. This can result in a gas leak producing an unsafe condition. It is therefore essential to provide some flexibility in the final gas line connection by use of an approved flexible connector as

shown in the drawings.

6

* Connector must be certified for use on a radiant tube type infrared heater and must comply with Standard for Connectors for Gas Appliances, ANSI Z21.24/CSA 6.10 or with the Standard for Elastomeric Composite Hose and Hose Couplings for Conducting Propane and Natural Gas,

CAN/CGA 8.1. For heaters up to 150,000Btu/h, ½” ID x 24” long For heaters above 150,000Btu/h, ¾” ID x 36” long NOTE: For Canada all heaters MUST use a hose 36” long See Table 3

CONNECTOR MUST BE INSTALLED IN A “U” CONFIGURATION. FOR HEATERS

Table 3

HOSE SIZE USA CANADA

3/4” CE4

CONTACT

FACTORY

UPTO 150,000 BTU/H, A 24” LONG CONNECTOR OF AT LEAST ½” ID MUST BE USED. FOR HEATERS ABOVE 150,000 BTU/H, A 36” LONG CONNECTOR OF AT

LEAST ¾” NOMINAL ID MUST BE USED.

Table 4 Gas Supply & Pressures

Gas Type Natural Gas LP/Propane Gas

Required Gas Pressure (in W.C) (60,000 TO

150,000 BTU)

Required Gas Pressure (in W.C) (170,000 TO

200,000 BTU)

5.0 11.0

7.0 11.0

Max Supply Pressure (in W.C) 14.0 14.0

Gas Supply Connection ½” N.P.T thread

1.5 Electrical Connections

The electrical supply to the heater is by three

wires: live, neutral and ground connections.

WARNING: Before making electrical

connections, switch OFF the main electrical disconnect. There may be more than one disconnect switch. Lock out and tag switch with a suitable warning

Install in accordance with all state & local codes.

Where alternative manufacturers controls are used, please refer to their instructions for their

installation details.

label. Electrical shock can cause

personal injury or death.

This appliance must be electrically grounded Supply 120V 60Hz single phase.

Standard heater 0.16HP. Current rating 1.2 amp max (inductive). Fuse: external 3 amp.

Important: All electrical work should be done by a qualified electrician in strict accordance with the National Electrical Code ANSI/NFPA 70 or

Canadian Codes CSA C22.1.

77

Supply circuit

120V 60Hz 1 Ph

L2 L1 (HOT)

GND

other burners

Burner 1

T

110V Thermostat

L1

Gas Control

MV

X C

COM

W1

PS0

PS1

IND

R

BK

R

Y

K

BR GR BL

K

Y

R

T

24V Thermostat

RW1

C

X

METHOD:Cut and strip pink cables linking terminals W1 and R Attach thermostat wires using suitable wire nuts.

KEY:

BL - BLUE

BK - BLACK

BR - BROWN

GR - GREY

K - PINK

R - RED

Y - YELLOW

Supply circuit

120V 60Hz 1 Ph

S-0700

C

40VA

Trans

Relay

L1

G

R

L2

L2 L1 (HOT)

GND

T

24V Thermostat

other burners

Burner 1

RW1

C

Fan center relay

(Suppled by others)

Figure 5a. Single and Multiple Heater Installations 120V Control

KEY:

T

G

W

BK

G-GREEN W-WHITE BK-BLACK

120V Thermostat

BK

W

BK

G

Figure 5b. Single Heater Installations 24V Control

Other burners

Figure 5c. Multiple Heater Installations 24V Control

8

KEY: G - GREEN W - WHITE BK - BLACK R - RED

T

BK

W

30

BK

W

T

G R

BK

Other burners

Figure 6. Internal Burner Wiring Diagram.

L N

G

120V AC Fan

120V/60Hz AC

Supply

L1

Gas Control

MV

X

C

COM

W1

PS0

PS1

IND

R

Gas Valve

C

M

E

NOTES:Power On light is permanently illuminated when 120V / 60 Hz AC external supply is connected to burner.

Additional wiring is required to install an optional extra thermostat and / or time clock. If no thermostat is required then a jumper is fitted between terminals R and W1. In this configuration the burner will continuously fire until the 120V power supply is disconnected. Wire specification:- 18 AWG (1.0mm²), Tri-rated, 105°C

Pressure Switch

120v/24VAC 60Hz

Transformer

Power ON (red)

Burner ON (amber)

BK

R

Y

K

BR

GR

BL

KEY:

BL - BLUE

BK - BLACK

BR - BROWN

GR - GREY

G - GREEN

K - PINK

R - RED

W - WHITE

Y - YELLOW

K

Y

R

Y Y

R

W

G

BK

W

G

BL BR

RGR

R

GR

G

BR

BL

W

BK

G

E

If any of the original wire as supplied with the appliance must be replaced, it must be replaced

with wiring material having a temperature rating of at least 220°F/105°C

9

1.6 Vent Requirements and Details

1.6.1 Unvented units

Heaters may be installed without a vent providing the governing building codes are met and consideration is properly given to

possibilities of condensation on cold surfaces.

Installation shall meet the following

requirements when unvented:

 Natural or mechanical means shall be

provided to supply and exhaust at least 4 CFM per 1000 BTU per hour input of

installed heaters.

 Combustion gasses shall not impinge on

combustible materials.

1.6.2 Vertical venting

The heater can be installed with a vertical vent.

All vent piping should be adequately supported from the building structure and terminated with an approved terminal. The maximum

recommended vent length is 25ft (7.6m) with a maximum of two elbows. All connections

should be properly sealed. refer fig 7a

1.6.3 Horizontal venting

Individual units can be vented horizontally through side walls. Recommended terminals are Part Numbers 111848 for 4” and 111850 for

6”.

Distances from adjacent public walkways, adjacent buildings, openable windows and building openings, consistent with the National

Fuel Gas Code, ANSI Z223.1/NFPA 54 or the Natural Gas and Propane Installation Code,

CSA B149.1.

Maximum length of vent is 25ft (7.6m) with two

- 90° elbows.

Runs of 12ft (3.6m) or shorter can use 4” (101mm) dia vent. Runs over 12ft (3.6m)

should use 6” (152mm) vent pipe.

Any portion of vent that passes through a combustible wall must be insulated, or use an

approved insulating thimble.

Standard vent terminals must extend at least 6” (152mm) from the wall and at least 24” (609mm) from any combustible overhang.

This protects the building material from

degradation by the vent gasses.

Vent joints should be sealed and secured according to the vent manufacturers instructions. Should condensation occur the

vent should be shortened or insulated.

The terminal should be at least 3ft (0.91m) away

from any air intake to the building.

If the heater is equipped with ducted combustion air, the vent terminal must be at least 3ft (0.91m) away from the air inlet and located

higher than the inlet.

The vent terminal must be installed at a suitable height above the ground to prevent blockage by

snow.

1.7 Fresh Air Intake

Whenever the heater is installed in locations where airborne dust or other pollutants are present, a fresh air supply should be ducted to

the burner.

A fresh air duct of 4”(101mm) dia. should be installed from the fresh air to the air intake connection on the fan housing. A flexible jointing piece should be installed at the fan connection with hose clamps to facilitate

expansion and contraction.

The maximum recommended length air duct is 25ft (7.6m) and the maximum number of elbows

is two. The minimum length is 18” (456mm).

The location of the fresh air duct inlet must be where it will receive dust free clean air. An inlet cap with bird screen must be fitted at the inlet of the duct. If the duct inlet is located above the roof the underside of the inlet terminal must be at least 2ft (0.61m) above roof level and at least 10” (254mm) above any projection on the roof within 7ft (2.1m) of the inlet. Intake pipe, fittings and sealant are not furnished by the

manufacturer. Refer fig 7c & d.

10

REFLECTOR

END OF RADIANT TUBE

VENT ADAPTOR ELBOW

12'-0" (3.66m)

(APPROXIMATE

MAXIMUM DIMENSIONS)

CODE APPROVED VENT THROUGH ROOF

SEAL

SUPPLIED BY OTHERS

ROOF

4" (101mm) O.D. OR

HIGH TEMPERATURE SILICONE

SEAL JOINTS WITH

REQUIRED ONLY FOR 6" (152mm) DIA. VENT

4" (101mm) TO 6" (152mm) DIA. ALUMINUM ADAPTER

6" (152mm) O.D. FLUE

ALUMINUM

RADIANT TUBE

REFLECTOR

4" (101mm) TO 6" (152mm) DIA. ALUMINUM ADAPTER

TERMINAL

6" (152mm)

COLLAR

SEAL JOINTS WITH

HIGH TEMPERATURE

WALL

REQUIRED ONLY FOR 6" (152mm) DIA. VENTS

ALUMINUM 4" (101mm) O.D. MAXIMUM LENGTH = 12'-0" (3.66m) ALUMINUM 6" (152mm) O.D.MAXIMUM LENGTH = 25'-0" (7.62m) (PLUS A MAXIMUM OF 2 x 90° BENDS

END OF

SUPPLIED BY OTHERS

COUPLER

SILICONE

INLET WITH BIRD SCREEN

36" (914mm) MIN CENTERS

ALUMINUM 4" (101mm) O.D. PIPE

CLAMPS

4" (106mm) O.D. FLEXIBLE DUCT

BURNER

MAX LENGTH = 25'-0" (7.62m) WITH 2-90° LONG RADIUS BENDS

INLET WITH

6" (152mm)

SEAL JOINTS WITH

SILICONE OR DUCT TAPE

WALL

BIRD SCREEN

TERMINAL

36" (914mm) MIN CENTERS

Figure 7.a Vertical Venting.

Figure 7.b Horizontal Venting.

APPROVED CAT III VENT PIPE

CAT III ADAPTER

VENT CAT III ELBOW

Figure 7.c Fresh Air Ducted Intake.

APPROVED CAT 3 VENT PIPE

ELBOWS

WITH TWO– 90° ELBOWS

4.25” (108mm) O.D FLEXIBLE DUCT

ENSURE ALL JOINTS ARE

SEALED

NOTE: The vent terminal should be installed so as to be in the same atmospheric pressure zone as the combustion air inlet of

the appliance

Figure 7.d Wall Terminal Intake Kit.

11

1.8 Technical Details - Table 5

No of Injectors 1

Gas Connection ½” N.P.T

Electrical Supply 120 volt 1 phase 60Hz

Vent size (in) 4” or 6” (101mm or 152mm)

Unitary Fan Motor Details 120 volt 1 phase 60Hz

Current Rating 1.2A MAX

Ignition Electronic Program Start up with Spark Ignition

MODEL

60 60,000 60,000 20 (6.1) 40 (12.1) 20 (6.1) 40 (12.1)

80 80,000 80,000 20 (6.1) 40 (12.1) 20 (6.1) 40 (12.1) 100 100,000 100,000 30 (9.1) 50 (15.2) 40 (12.1) 40 (12.1) 125 123,500 125,000 40 (12.1) 60 (18.3) 40 (12.1) 60 (18.3) 150 150,000 150,000 40 (12.1) 70 (21.3) 40 (12.1) 60 (18.3) 170 169,000 169,000 50 (15.2) 80 (24.4) 60 (18.3) 80 (24.4) 200 200,000

Appliances can be installed up to 10,000ft in the USA. Altitude conversion kits are available on request.

USA Natural Gas 0- 2000 ft (0-610m)

Size “WC

4.2 3.5 3.5 4.1 4.2 3.4 3.5

Natural Gas LP Gas

BTU/Hr BTU/Hr

N/A

60 80 100 125 150 170 200

Min. Heater

Length S ft (m) S ft (m) U ft (m) U ft (m)

50 (15.2) 80 (24.4) 60 (18.3) 80 (24.4)

USA LP Gas 0- 2000 ft (0-610m)

Size “WC

Max. Heater

Length

60 80 100 125 150 170 200

6.0 5.2 8.2 6.6 7.0 5.7 N/A

Min. Heater

Length

Max. Heater

Length

USA Natural Gas 2001- 4000 ft (611-1220m)

Size “WC

CANADA Natural Gas 0- 2000 ft (0-610m)

Size “WC

CANADA Natural Gas 2001- 4500 ft (611-1370m)

Size “WC

12

60 80 100 125 150 170 200

4.0 3.3 3.3 3.9 4.0 3.2 3.3

60 80 100 125 150 170 200

4.2 3.5 3.5 4.1 4.2 3.4 3.5

60 80 100 125 150 170 200

4.0 3.3 3.3 3.9 4.0 3.2 3.3

USA LP Gas 2001- 4000 ft (611-1220m)

Size “WC

CANADA LP Gas 0- 2000 ft (0-610m)

Size “WC

CANADA LP Gas 2001- 4500 ft (611-1370m)

Size “WC

60 80 100 125 150 170 200

5.8 5.0 8.0 6.4 6.8 N/A

60 80 100 125 150 170 200

6.0 5.2 8.2 6.6 7.0 5.7 N/A

60 80 100 125 150 170 200

5.8 5.0 8.0 6.4 6.8 N/A

N/A

Technical Details continued

USA & CANADA Natural Gas 0- 2000 ft (0-610m)

Size 60 80 100 125 150 170 200

Burner Orifice Plate

Part No.

Fan Type 270475 270476

Fan Orifice

Part No.

Injector

Part No.

Pressure Switch

Part No.

USA & CANADA LP Gas 0- 2000 ft (0-610m)

Size 60 80 100 125 150 170 200

Burner Orifice Plate

Part No.

Fan Type 270476 270475

Fan Orifice

Part No.

Injector

Part No.

Pressure Switch

Part No.

269954 269955 269943 269944 269945 269946 269946

269923 269922 269923 269927 269926 266930 269938

270400 270402 270404 270406 270408 270409 270410

270386 270387

269948 269949 269950 269951 269952 269953

269925 269925 269928 266931 269933 269937

270398 270399 270399 270400 270401 270403

270386

N/A

13

Technical Details continued

U Tube Straight Tube

MODEL

U20 U40 U60 U80 S20 S30 S40 S50 S60 S70 S80

60 ● ● 80 ● ● ● ● ●

100 125 150 170 200 ● ● ● ● ● ●

● ● ● ●

● ● ● ● ●

● ● ● ● ● ●

MODEL

60 TUBE 1 REMAINDER 10 (3.0)

80 TUBE 1 REMAINDER 10 (3.0) 100 TUBE 1 REMAINDER 15 (4.6) 125 TUBE 1 REMAINDER 20 (6.1) 150 TUBE 1 REMAINDER 20 (6.1) 170 TUBE 1 & 2 REMAINDER 25 (7.6)

Calcoat™ Mild Steel

● ● ●

Tube Type Material

Min. Distance to

Bend ft (m)

200 TUBE 1 & 2 REMAINDER 25 (7.6)

Options * Not available on LP Gas

1 All standard units fitted with unvented vent, natural gas and aluminized steel reflectors. 2 1 off 180° bend (U) or upto 2 off 90° bends (L) can be fitted at no less than 50% of the total heater length.

3 4” (101mm) or 6” (152mm) vent terminal.

4 Combustion air kit. 5 Reflector end caps. 6 Altitude conversion kit. 7 Propane and propane altitude conversion kit.

14