Rainbow Electronics W78C32C User Manual
W78C32C
8-BIT MICROCONTROLLER
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The W78C32C microcontroller supplies a wider frequency range than most 8-bit microcontrollers on
the market. It is compatible with the industry standard 80C32 microcontroller series.
The W78C32C contains four 8-bit bidirectional parallel ports, three 16-bit timer/counters, and a serial
port. These peripherals are supported by a six-source, two-level interrupt capability. There are 256
bytes of RAM, and the device supports ROMless operation for application programs.
The W78C32C microcontroller has two power reduction modes, idle mode and power-down mode,
both of which are software selectable. The idle mode turns off the processor clock but allows for
continued peripheral operation. The power-down mode stops the crystal oscillator for minimum power
consumption. The external clock can be stopped at any time and in any state without affecting the
1.processor.
FEATURES
• 8-bit CMOS microcontroller
• Fully static design
•
Low standby current at full supply voltage
• DC-40 MHz operation
• 256 bytes of on-chip scratchpad RAM
• ROMless operation
• 64K bytes program memory address space
• 64K bytes data memory address space
• Four 8-bit bidirectional ports
• Three 16-bit timer/counters
• One full duplex serial port
• Boolean processor
• Six-source, two-level interrupt capability
• Built-in power management
• Packages:
− DIP 40: W78C32C-24/40
− PLCC 44: W78C32CP-24/40
− QFP 44: W78C32CF-24/40
Publication Release Date: July 1999
- 1 - Revision A2
PIN CONFIGURATIONS
40-Pin DIP (W78C32C)
W78C32C
T2, P1.0
T2EX, P1.1
P1.2
P1.3
P1.4
P1.5
P1.6
P1.7
RST
RXD, P3.0
TXD, P3.1
INT0, P3.2
INT1, P3.3
T0, P3.4
T1, P3.5
WR, P3.6
RD, P3.7
XTAL2
XTAL1
Vss
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Vcc1
40
P0.0, AD0
39
P0.1, AD1
38
P0.2, AD2
37
P0.3, AD3
36
35
P0.4, AD4
34
P0.5, AD5
P0.6, AD6
33
32
P0.7, AD7
31
EA
30
ALE
29
PSEN
28
P2.7, A15
27
P2.6, A14
26
P2.5, A13
25
P2.4, A12
24
P2.3, A11
23
P2.2, A10
22
P2.1, A9
21
P2.0, A8
44-Pin PLCC (W78C32CP) 44-Pin QFP (W78C32CF)
P1.5
P1.6
P1.7
RST
RXD, P3.0
TXD, P3.1
INT0, P3.2
INT1, P3.3
T0, P3.4
T1, P3.5
T
2
T
E
2
X
,
,
P
P
P
P
P
1
1
1
.
.
.
0
1
2NC
2 1 44 43 42
X
V
X
T
S
T
A
S
A
L
L
1
2
V
C
C
N
P
C
2
.
0
,
A
8
1
1
.
.
3
4
6543
7
8
9
10
11
12
NC
13
14
15
16
17
P
P
3
3
.
.
7
6
,
,
/
/
R
W
D
R
A
A
A
A
D
D
D
D
3
2
1
0
,
,
,
,
P
P
P
P
0
0
0
0
.
.
.
.
3
2
1
0
40
41
P0.4, AD4
39
38
P0.5, AD5
37
P0.6, AD6
36
P0.7, AD7
35
EA
34
NC
33
ALE
32
PSEN
31
P2.7, A15
30
P2.6, A14
29
P2.5, A13
2827262524232221201918
P
P
P
P
2
2
2
2
.
.
.
.
4
3
2
1
,
,
,
,
A
A
A
A
1
1
1
9
2
1
0
P1.5
P1.6
P1.7
RST
RXD, P3.0
TXD, P3.1
INT0, P3.2
INT1, P3.3
T0, P3.4
T1, P3.5
NC
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
P
1
.
4
12
P
3
.
6
,
/
W
R
P
P
1
1
.
.
2NC
3
43 42 41
X
P
T
3
A
.
L
7
2
,
/
R
D
T
2
T
E
2
X
,
,
P
P
1
1
.
.
0
1
40 39 38 37 36
X
V
N
T
S
C
A
S
L
1
V
C
C
P
P
2
2
.
.
1
0
,
,
A
A
9
8
A
A
A
A
D
D
D
D
3
2
1
0
,
,
,
,
P
P
P
P
0
0
0
0
.
.
.
.
3
2
1
0
34
3544
P0.4, AD4
33
32
P0.5, AD5
31
P0.6, AD6
30
P0.7, AD7
29
EA
28
NC
27
ALE
26
PSEN
25
P2.7, A15
24
P2.6, A14
23
P2.5, A13
22212019181716151413
P
P
P
2
2
2
.
.
.
4
3
2
,
,
,
A
A
A
1
1
1
2
1
0
- 2 -
W78C32C
EA
PIN DESCRIPTION
P0.0
−
P0.7
Port 0, Bits 0 through 7. Port 0 is a bidirectional I/O port. This port also provides a multiplexed low
order address/data bus during accesses to external memory.
P1.0−P1.7
Port 1, Bits 0 through 7. Port 1 is a bidirectional I/O port with internal pull-ups. Pins P1.0 and P1.1
also serve as T2 (Timer 2 external input) and T2EX (Timer 2 capture/reload trigger), respectively.
P2.0−P2.7
Port 2, Bits 0 through 7. Port 2 is a bidirectional I/O port with internal pull-ups. This port also provides
the upper address bits for accesses to external memory.
P3.0
−
P3.7
Port 3, Bits 0 through 7. Port 3 is a bidirectional I/O port with internal pull-ups. All bits have alternate
functions, which are described below:
PIN ALTERNATE FUNCTION
P3.0 RXD Serial Receive Data
P3.1 TXD Serial Transmit Data
P3.2
P3.3
P3.4 T0 Timer 0 Input
P3.5 T1 Timer 1 Input
P3.6
P3.7
External Address Input, active low. This pin forces the processor to execute out of external ROM.
This pin should be kept low for all W78C32C operations.
INT0
External Interrupt 0
INT1
External Interrupt 1
WR
Data Write Strobe
RD
Data Read Strobe
RST
Reset Input, active high. This pin resets the processor. It must be kept high for at least two machine
cycles in order to be recognized by the processor.
ALE
Address Latch Enable Output, active high. ALE is used to enable the address latch that separates the
address from the data on Port 0. ALE runs at 1/6th of the oscillator frequency. A single ALE pulse is
skipped during external data memory accesses. ALE goes to a high state during reset with a weak
pull-up.
Publication Release Date: July 1999
- 3 - Revision A2
W78C32C
PSEN
Program Store Enable Output, active low.
address/data bus during fetch and MOVC operations.
weak pull-up.
XTAL1
Crystal 1. This is the crystal oscillator input. This pin may be driven by an external clock.
XTAL2
Crystal 2. This is the crystal oscillator output. It is the inversion of XTAL1.
VSS, VCC
Power Supplies. These are the chip ground and positive supplies.
BLOCK DIAGRAM
PSEN
enables the external ROM onto the Port 0
PSEN
goes to a high state during reset with a
RAM
256
Bytes
CPU
Data Bus
CORE
Interrupt
SFR
Timer 2
Serial
Port
Timer 0
Timer 1
INT 0
INT 1
Port 0
Port 1
Alternate
Port 2
Port 3
Alternate
- 4 -
W78C32C
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
The W78C32C architecture consists of a core controller surrounded by various registers, four general
purpose I/O ports, 256 bytes of RAM, three timer/counters, and a serial port. The processor supports
111 different instruction and references both a 64K program address space and a 64K data storage
space.
Timers 0, 1, and 2
Timers 0, 1, and 2 each consist of two 8-bit data registers. These are called TL0 and TH0 for Timer 0,
TL1 and TH1 for Timer 1, and TL2 and TH2 for Timer 2. The TCON and TMOD registers provide
control functions for timers 0, 1. The T2CON register provides control functions for Timer 2. RCAP2H
and RCAP2L are used as reload/capture registers for Timer 2.
The operations of Timer 0 and Timer 1 are the same as in the W78C31. Timer 2 is a special feature
of the W78C32C: it is a 16-bit timer/counter that is configured and controlled by the T2CON register.
Like Timers 0 and 1, Timer 2 can operate as either an external event counter or as an internal timer,
depending on the setting of bit C/T2 in T2CON. Timer 2 has three operating modes: capture, autoreload, and baud rate generator. The clock speed at capture or auto-reload mode is the same as that
of Timers 0 and 1.
Clock
The W78C32C is designed to be used with either a crystal oscillator or an external clock. Internally,
the clock is divided by two before it is used. This makes the W78C32C relatively insensitive to duty
cycle variations in the clock.
Crystal Oscillator
The W78C32C incorporates a built-in crystal oscillator. To make the oscillator work, a crystal must be
connected across pins XTAL1 and XTAL2. In addition, a load capacitor must be connected from each
pin to ground, and a resistor must also be connected from XTAL1 to XTAL2 to provide a DC bias
when the crystal frequency is above 24 MHz.
External Clock
An external clock should be connected to pin XTAL1. Pin XTAL2 should be left unconnected. The
XTAL1 input is a CMOS-type input, as required by the crystal oscillator. As a result, the external clock
signal should have an input one level of greater than 3.5 volts.
Power Management
Idle Mode
The idle mode is entered by setting the IDL bit in the PCON register. In the idle mode, the internal
clock to the processor is stopped. The peripherals and the interrupt logic continue to be clocked. The
processor will exit idle mode when either an interrupt or a reset occurs.
Power-down Mode
When the PD bit of the PCON register is set, the processor enters the power-down mode. In this
mode all of the clocks, including the oscillator are stopped. The only way to exit power-down mode is
by a reset.
Publication Release Date: July 1999
- 5 - Revision A2
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