RAE Systems MultiRAE Lite Gas Instruction Manual

Technical Note TN-106 05/15/VK

A GUIDELINE FOR PID INSTRUMENT RESPONSE

CORRECTION FACTORS AND IONIZATION ENERGIES*

RAE Systems PIDs can be used for the detection of a wide variety of
gases that exhibit different responses. In general, any compound with
ionization energy (IE) lower than that of the lamp photons can
be measured.* The best way to calibrate a PID to different compounds
is to use a standard of the gas of interest. However, correction factors
have been determined that enable the user to quantify a large number
of chemicals using only a single calibration gas, typically isobutylene.
In our PIDs, correction factors can be used in one of three ways:

1. Calibrate the monitor with isobutylene in the usual fashion to

read in isobutylene equivalents. Manually multiply the reading
by the correction factor (CF) to obtain the concentration of
the gas being measured.

2. Calibrate the unit with isobutylene in the usual fashion to read

in isobutylene equivalents. Call up the correction factor from the
instrument memory or download it from a personal computer
and then call it up. The monitor will then read directly in units
of the gas of interest.

3. Calibrate the unit with isobutylene, but input an equivalent,

“corrected” span gas concentration when prompted for this value.
The unit will then read directly in units of the gas of interest.

Example 1:

With the unit calibrated to read isobutylene equivalents, the reading
is 10 ppm with a 10.6 eV lamp. The gas being measured is butyl
acetate, which has a correction factor of 2.6. Multiplying 10 by 2.6
gives an adjusted butyl acetate value of 26 ppm. Similarly, if the
gas being measured were trichloroethylene (CF = 0.54), the adjusted
value with a 10 ppm reading would be 5.4 ppm.

Example 2:

With the unit calibrated to read isobutylene equivalents, the reading
is 100 ppm with a 10.6 eV lamp. The gas measured is m-xylene
(CF = 0.43). After downloading this factor, the unit should read about
43 ppm when exposed to the same gas, and thus read directly in
m-xylene values.

Example 3:

The desired gas to measure is ethylene dichloride (EDC). The CF is 0.6
with an 11.7 eV lamp. During calibration with 100 ppm isobutylene,
insert 0.6 times 100, or 60 at the prompt for the calibration gas
concentration. The unit then reads directly in EDC values.

Conversion to mg/m

To convert from ppm to mg/m3, use the following formula:

3

* The term “ionization energy” is more scientifically correct and
replaces the old term “ionization potential.” High-boiling (“heavy”)
compounds may not vaporize enough to give a response even when
their ionization energies are below the lamp photon energy. Some
inorganic compounds like H
when their ionization energies are well below the lamp photon energy.

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2O2

and NO

give weak response even

2

For air at 25°C (77°F), the molar gas volume is 24.4 L/mole and the
formula reduces to:

1

Technical Note TN-106 05/15/VK

For example, if the instrument is calibrated with a gas standard in
ppmv, such as 100 ppm isobutylene, and the user wants the display

3

to read in mg/m

of hexane, whose m.w. is 86 and CF is 4.3, the

overall correction factor would be 4.3 x 86 x 0.041 equals 15.2.

Correction Factors for Mixtures

The correction factor for a mixture is calculated from the sum
of the mole fractions Xi of each component divided by their
respective correction factors CFi:

Thus, for example, a vapor phase mixture of 5% benzene
and 95% n-hexane would have a CFmix of
CFmix = 1 / (0.05/0.53 + 0.95/4.3) = 3.2. A reading of 100
would then correspond to 320 ppm of the total mixture,
comprised of 16 ppm benzene and 304 ppm hexane.

For a spreadsheet to compute the correction factor and TLV of a
mixture see the appendix at the end of the CF table.

TLVs and Alarm Limits for Mixtures

The correction factor for mixtures can be used to set alarm limits
for mixtures. To do this one first needs to calculate the exposure
limit for the mixture. The Threshold Limit Value (TLV) often defines
exposure limits. The TLV for the mixture is calculated in a manner
similar to the CF calculation:

In the above example, the 8-h TLV for benzene is 0.5 ppm and
for n-hexane 50 ppm. Therefore the TLV of the mixture is
TLVmix = 1 / (0.05/0.5 + 0.95/50) = 8.4 ppm, corresponding to

8.0 ppm hexane and 0.4 ppm benzene. For an instrument
calibrated on isobutylene, the reading corrsponding to the TLV is:

2. Pressurized gas cylinder (Demand-flow regulator):

A demand-flow regulator better matches pump speed
differences, but results in a slight vacuum during calibration
and thus slightly high readings.

3. Collapsible gas bag: The instrument will draw the

calibration gas from the bag at its normal flow rate, as
long as the bag valve is large enough. The bag should
be filled with enough gas to allow at least one minute
of flow (~ 0.6 L for a MiniRAE, ~0.3 L for MultiRAE).

4. T (or open tube) method: The T method uses a T-junction

with gas flow higher than the pump draw. The gas supply is
connected to one end of the T, the instrument inlet is connected
to a second end of the T, and excess gas flow escapes through
the third, open end of the T. To prevent ambient air mixing,
a long tube should be connected to the open end, or a high
excess rate should be used. Alternatively, the instrument
probe can be inserted into an open tube slightly wider
than the probe. Excess gas flows out around the probe.

The first two cylinder methods are the most efficient in terms
of gas usage, while the bag and T methods give slightly more
accurate results because they match the pump flow better.

B. Pressure. Pressures deviating from atmospheric pressure

affect the readings by altering gas concentration and pump
characteristics. It is best to calibrate with the instrument and
calibration gas at the same pressure as each other and the
sample gas. (Note that the cylinder pressure is not relevant
because the regulator reduces the pressure to ambient.) If
the instrument is calibrated at atmospheric pressure in one
of the flow configurations described above, then 1) pressures
slightly above ambient are acceptable but high pressures
can damage the pump and 2) samples under vacuum may
give low readings if air leaks into the sample train.

A common practice is to set the lower alarm limit to half the TLV,
and the higher limit to the TLV. Thus, one would set the alarms
to 1.3 and 2.6 ppm, respectively.

CALIBRATION CHARACTERISTICS

A. Flow Configuration. PID response is essentially

independent of gas flow rate as long as it is sufficient to
satisfy the pump demand. Four main flow configurations
are used for calibrating a PID:

1. Pressurized gas cylinder (Fixed-flow regulator):

The flow rate of the regulator should match the flow
demand of the instrument pump or be slightly higher.

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C. Temperature. Because temperature effects gas density and

concentration, the temperature of the calibration gas and
instrument should be as close as possible to the ambient
temperature where the unit will be used. We recommend
that the temperature of the calibration gas be within the
instrument’s temperature specification (typically 14° to 113° F
or -10° to 45° C). Also, during actual measurements, the
instrument should be kept at the same or higher temperature
than the sample temperature to avoid condensation in the unit.

D. Matrix. The matrix gas of the calibration compound and

VOC sample is significant. Some common matrix components,
such as methane and water vapor can affect the VOC signal.

2

Technical Note TN-106 05/15/VK

PIDs are most commonly used for monitoring VOCs in air,
in which case the preferred calibration gas matrix is air.
For a MiniRAE, methane, methanol, and water vapor reduce
the response by about 20% when their concentration is
15,000 ppm and by about 40% at 30,000 ppm. Despite
earlier reports of oxygen effects, RAE PID responses with

10.6 eV lamps are independent of oxygen concentration,
and calibration gases in a pure nitrogen matrix can be
used. H

and CO2 up to 5 volume % also have no effect.

2

E. Concentration. Although RAE Systems PIDs have electronically

linearized output, it is best to calibrate in a concentration range
close to the actual measurement range. For example, 100 ppm
standard gas for anticipated vapors of 0 to 250 ppm, and 500 ppm
standard for expected concentrations of 250 to 1000 ppm. The
correction factors in this table were typically measured at 50 to
100 ppm and apply from the ppb range up to about 1000 ppm.
Above 1000 ppm the CF may vary and it is best to calibrate
with the gas of interest near the concentration of interest.

F. Filters. Filters affect flow and pressure conditions and therefore

all filters to be used during sampling should also be in place
during calibration. Using a water trap (hydrophobic filter)
greatly reduces the chances of drawing water aerosols or
dirt particles into the instrument. Regular filter replacements
are recommended because dirty filters can adsorb VOCs
and cause slower response time and shifts in calibration.

G. Instrument Design. High-boiling (“heavy”) or very reactive

compounds can be lost by reaction or adsorption onto materials
in the gas sample train, such as filters, pumps and other
sensors. Multi-gas meters, including EntryRAE, MultiRAE
and AreaRAE have the pump and other sensors upstream of
the PID and are prone to these losses. Compounds possibly
affected by such losses are shown in green in the table, and
may give slow response, or in extreme cases, no response at
all. In many cases the multi-gas meters can still give a rough
indication of the relative concentration, without giving an
accurate, quantitative reading. The ppbRAE and MiniRAE series
instruments have inert sample trains and therefore do not
exhibit significant loss; nevertheless, response may be slow for
the very heavy compounds and additional sampling time up to
a minute or more should be allowed to get a stable reading.

TABLE ABBREVIATIONS

CF = Correction Factor (multiply by reading to get corrected

value for the compound when calibrated to isobutylene)

NR = No Response

IE = Ionization Energy (values in parentheses are not well

established)

C = Confirmed Value indicated by “+” in this column; all others
are preliminary or estimated values and are subject to change

ne = Not Established ACGIH 8-hr. TWA

C## = Ceiling value, given where 8-hr.TWA is not available

DISCLAIMER

TN-106 is a general guideline for Correction Factors (CF) for use
with PID instruments manufactured by RAE Systems. The CF may
vary depending on instrument and operation conditions. For the best
accuracy, RAE Systems recommends calibrating the instrument to
target gas. Actual readings may vary with age and cleanliness of
lamp, relative humidity, and other factors as well. For accurate work,
the instrument should be calibrated regularly under the operating
conditions used. The factors in this table on the following pages
were measured in dry air (40 to 50% RH) at room temperature,
typically at 50 to 100 ppm. CF values may vary above about 1000 ppm.

Updates
The values in this table on the following pages are subject to change
as more or better data become available. Watch for updates of this
table on the Internet at http://www.raesystems.com.

IE data are taken from the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics,
73rd Edition, D.R. Lide (Ed.), CRC Press (1993) and NIST Standard Ref.
Database 19A, NIST Positive Ion Energetics, Vers. 2.0, Lias, et.al.,
U.S. Dept. Commerce (1993). Exposure limits (8-h TWA and Ceiling
Values) are from the 2005 ACGIH Guide to Occupational Exposure
Values, ACGIH, Cincinnati, OH 2005. Equations for exposure limits
for mixtures of chemicals were taken from the 1997 TLVs and BEIs
handbook published by the ACGIH (1997).

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3

Technical Note TN-106 05/15/VK

Compound Name Synonym/Abbreviation CAS No. Formula 9.8 C 10.6 C 11.7 C IE (eV)TWA

Acetaldehyde 75-07-0 C2H4O NR + 6 + 3.3 + 10.23 C25

Acetic acid Ethanoic Acid 64-19-7 C2H4O

Acetic anhydride Ethanoic Acid Anhydride 108-24-7 C4H6O

Acetone 2-Propanone 67-64-1 C3H6O 1.2 + 0.9 + 1.4 + 9.71 500

Acetone cyanohydrin 2-Hydroxyisobutyronitrile 75-86-5 C4H7NO 4 + 11.1 C5

Acetonitrile Methyl cyanide, Cyanomethane 75-05-8 C2H3N 100 12.19 40

Acetylene Ethyne 74-86-2 C2H

2

Acrolein Propenal 107-02- 8 C3H4O 42 + 3.9 + 1.4 + 10.10 0 .1

Acrylic acid Propenoic Acid 79-10-7 C3H4O

Acrylonitrile Propenenitrile 107-13 -1 C3H3N NR + 1.2 + 10.91 2

Allyl alcohol 107-18 -6 C3H6O 4.5 + 2.4 + 1.6 + 9.67 2

Allyl chloride 3-Chloropropene 107-05-1 C3H5Cl 4.3 0.7 9.9 1

Ammonia 76 64-41-7 NH

Amyl acetate mix of n-Pent yl acetate &

628-63-7 C7H14O

3

2-Methylbutyl acetate

Amyl alcohol 1-Pentanol 75-85-4 C5H12O 5 10.00 ne

Aniline Aminobenzene 62-53-3 C6H7N 0.50 + 0.48 + 0.47 + 7.72 2

Anisole Methoxybenzene 100-66-3 C7H8O 0.89 + 0.58 + 0.56 + 8.21 ne

Arsine Arsenic trihydride 77 84-42-1 AsH

3

Benzaldehyde 100-52-7 C7H6O 1 9.49 ne

Benzene 71-4 3-2 C6H

6

Benzonitrile Cyanobenzene 100-47-0 C7H5N 1.6 9.62 ne

Benzyl alcohol

α-Hydrox ytoluene,

100 -51-6 C7H8O 1.4 + 1.1 + 0.9 + 8.26 ne
Hydroxymethylbenzene,
Benzenemethanol

Benzyl chloride

α-Chlorotoluene,

100- 4 4-7 C

Cl 0.7 + 0.6 + 0.5 + 9 .14 1

7H7

Chloromethylbenzene

Benzyl formate Formic acid benzyl ester 104-57-4 C

Boron trifluoride 7637-07-2 BF

Bromine 7726-95-6 Br

8H8O2

3

2

Bromobenzene 108-86 -1 C6H5Br 0.6 0.5 8.98 ne

2-Bromoethyl methyl ether 6482-24-2 C3H7OBr 0.84 + ~10 ne

Bromoform Tribromomethane 75-25-2 CHBr

3

Bromopropane,1- n-Propyl bromide 106-94-5 C3H7Br 150 + 1.5 + 0.6 + 10.18 ne

Butadiene 1,3-Butadiene, Vinyl ethylene 106-99-0 C4H

6

Butadiene diepoxide, 1,3- 1,2,3,4-Diepoxybutane 298-18-0 C4H6O

Butane 106-97-8 C4H

10

Butanol, 1- Butyl alcohol, n-Butanol 71-36-3 C4H10O 70 + 4.7 + 1.4 + 9.99 20

Butanol, t- tert-Butanol, t-Butyl alcohol 75-65-0 C4H10O 6.9 + 2.9 + 9.90 100

Butene, 1- 1-Butylene 106-98-9 C4H

Butoxyethanol, 2- But yl Cellosolve, Ethylene

111-76-2 C6H14O

8

glycol monobutyl ether

Butoxyethyl Acetate, 2- 2-Butoxyethyl acetate; 2-Butoxy-

112- 07-2 C8H16O
ethanol acetate; But yl Cellosolve
acetate; Butyl glycol acetate;
EGBE A; Ektasolve EB acetate

Butyl acetate, n- 123-86-4 C6H12O

Butyl acrylate, n- Butyl 2-propenoate,

141-32-2 C7H12O
Acrylic acid but yl ester

Butylamine, n- 109-7 3-9 C4H11N 1.1 + 1.1 + 0.7 + 8.71 C5

Butyl cellosolve see 2-Butoxyethanol 111-76-2

Butyl hydroperoxide, t- 75-91-2 C4H10O

NR + 22 + 2.6 + 10.66 10

2

NR + 6.1 + 2.0 + 10.14 5

3

2.1 + 11.40 ne

2

12 + 2.0 + 10.60 2

NR + 10.9 + 5.7 + 10 .16 25

11 + 2.3 + 0.95 + <9.9 100

2

1.9 + 9.89 0.05

0.55 + 0.47 + 0.6 + 9.25 0.5

0.9 + 0.73 + 0.66 + ne

NR NR NR 15 .5 C1

NR + 1. 30 + 0.74 + 10.51 0.1

NR + 2.7 + 0.5 + 10.48 0.5

0.8 0.6 + 1.1 9.07 2

25 + 3.5 + 1.2 ~10 ne

2

67 + 1.2 10.53 800

0.9 9.58 ne

1.8 + 1.2 + 0.6 + <10 25

2

3

2

2

2.0 + 1.6 + <10 1

2

1.27 + 20

2.6 + 10 150

1.6 + 0.6 + 10

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4

Technical Note TN-106 05/15/VK

Compound Name Synonym/Abbreviation CAS No. Formula 9.8 C 10.6 C 11.7 C IE (eV)TWA

Butyl mercaptan 1-Butanethiol 109-79-5 C4H10S 0.55 + 0.52 + 9.14 0.5

Butyraldehyde Butanal 123 -72-8 C4H8O 1.87 + 9.82 20

CamelinaI HRJ 1.1 + 0.32 +

CamelinaI HRJ/JP-8 50/50 0.89 + 0 .41 +

CamelinalHRJ 1.15 +

CamelinalHRJ/JP-8 1.07 +

Carbon disulfide 75-15-0 CS

Carbon tetrachloride Tetrachloromethane 56-23-5 CCl

2

4

Carbonyl sulfide Carbon oxysulfide 4 6 3 -58-1 COS 11.18

Cellosolve see 2-Ethoxyethanol

CFC -14 see Tetrafluoromethane

CFC-113 see 1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane

Chlorine 7782-50-5 Cl

Chlorine dioxide 10049-04-4 ClO

2

2

Chlorobenzene Monochlorobenzene 10 8-9 0-7 C6H5Cl 0.44 + 0.55 + 0.39 + 9.06 10

Chlorobenzotrifluoride, 4- PCBTF, OXSOL 100

98-56-6 C7H4ClF
p-Chlorobenzotrifluoride

Chloro-1,3-butadiene, 2- Chloroprene 126-9 9-8 C4H5Cl 3 10

Chloro-1,1-difluoroethane, 1- HCFC-142B, R-142B 75-68-3 C2H3ClF

Chlorodifluoromethane HCFC-22, R-22 75-45-6 CHClF

Chloroethane Ethyl chloride 75-00-3 C2H5Cl NR + NR + 1.1 + 10.97 100

Chloroethanol Ethylene chlrohydrin 107-07-3 C2H5ClO 10.52 C1

Chloroethanol, 2- 2-Chloroethanol; 2-Chloroethyl

107-07-3 C2H5ClO 2.88 + 10.5 5
alcohol; Ethylene chlorhydrin

Chloroethyl ether, 2- bis (2-chloroethyl) ether 111-44-4 C4H8Cl2O 8.6 + 3.0 + 5

Chloroethyl methyl ether, 2- Methyl 2-chloroethyl ether 627-42-9 C3H7ClO 3 ne

Chloroform Trichloromethane 67-66-3 CHCl

Chloro-2-methylpropene, 3- Methallyl chloride, Isobutenyl

563- 47-3 C4H7Cl 1.4 + 1.2 + 0.63 + 9.76 ne

3

chloride

Chloropicrin 76-06-2 CCl3NO

Chlorotoluene, o- o-Chloromethylbenzene 95-49-8 C7H7Cl 0.5 0.6 8.83 50

Chlorotoluene, p- p-Chloromethylbenzene 106-43-4 C7H7Cl 0.6 8.69 ne

Chlorotrifluoroethene CTFE, Chlorotrifluoroethylene

79-38-9 C2ClF

3

Genet ron 1113

Chlorotrimethylsilane 75-77-4 C3H9ClSi NR NR 0.82 + 10.83 ne

Cresol, m- m-Hydroxytoluene,

108-39-4 C7H8O 0.57 + 0.50 + 0.57 + 8.29 5
3-Methylphenol

Cresol, o- ortho-Cresol; 2-Cresol; o-Cresylic

95 -48-7 C7H8O 1 + 8.14 5
acid; 1-Hydroxy-2-methylbenzene;
2-Hydroxytoluene; 2-Methyl
phenol

Cresol, p- para-Cresol; 4-Cresol; p-Cresylic

106-4 4-5 C7H8O 1.4 + 8.34 5
acid; 1-Hydroxy-4-methylbenzene;
4-Hydroxy toluene; 4-Methyl
phenol

Crotonaldehyde trans-2-Butenal 123-73-9

C4H6O 1.5 + 1.1 + 1.0 + 9.73 2

4170-30-3

Cumene Isopropylbenzene 98-82-8 C

9H12

Cyanogen bromide 506-68-3 CNBr NR NR NR 11. 84 ne

Cyanogen chloride 506-77-4 CNCl NR NR NR 12.34 C0.3

Cyclohexane 110-82 -7 C6H

12

Cyclohexanol Cyclohexyl alcohol 108-93-0 C6H12O 1.5 + 0.9 + 1.1 + 9.75 50

Cyclohexanone 108-9 4-1 C6H10O 1.0 + 0.9 + 0.7 + 9 .14 25

4 + 1.2 + 0.44 10.0 7 10

NR + NR + 1.7 + 11.4 7 5

1.0 + 11. 48 0.5

NR + NR + NR + 10.57 0 .1

0.74 + 0.63 + 0.55 + <9.6

3

NR NR NR 12 .0 ne

2

NR NR NR 12 .2 1000

2

NR + NR + 3.5 + 11.37 10

NR + ~400 + 7 + 0.1

2

6.7 + 3.9 + 1.2 + 9.76 5

0.58 + 0.54 + 0.4 + 8.73 50

3.3 + 1.4 + 0.64 + 9.86 300

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5

Technical Note TN-106 05/15/VK

Compound Name Synonym/Abbreviation CAS No. Formula 9.8 C 10.6 C 11.7 C IE (eV)TWA

Cyclohexene 110-83-8 C6H

10

Cyclohexylamine 108 -91-8 C6H13N 1.2 8.62 10

Cyclopentane 85%

287-92-3 C5H

10

NR + 15 + 1.1 10.3 3 600

2,2-dimethylbutane 15%

Cyclopropylamine Aminocyclpropane 765-30-0 C3H7N 1.1 + 0.9 + 0.9 + ne

Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane 541-02-6 C10H30O5Si50.16 + 0 .13 + 0.12 + ne

Decamethyltetrasiloxane 141-62-8 C10H30O3Si40.17 + 0 .13 + 0.12 + <10.2 ne

Decane 124-18-5 C10H

22

Diacetone alcohol 4-Methyl-4-hydroxy-2-pentanone 123-42-2 C6H12O

4.0 + 1.4 + 0.35 + 9.65 ne

2

Dibromochloromethane Chlorodibromomethane 124-48-1 CHBr2Cl NR + 5.2 + 0.7 + 10.59 ne

Dibromo-3-

DBCP 96-12- 8 C3H5Br2Cl NR + 1.7 + 0.43 + 0.001

chloropropane, 1,2-

Dibromoethane, 1,2- EDB, Ethylene dibromide,

106-93-4 C2H4Br

NR + 1.7 + 0.6 + 10.37 ne

2

Ethylene bromide

Dichlorobenzene, o- 1,2-Dichlorobenzene 95-50-1 C6H4Cl

Dichlorodifluoromethane C FC-12 75-71-8 CCl2F

2

0.54 + 0.64 + 0.38 + 9.08 25

2

Dichlorodimethylsilane 75-78 -5 C2H6Cl2Si NR NR 1.1 + >10.7 ne

Dichloroethane, 1,2- EDC, 1,2-DCA, Ethylene

107-06-2 C2H4Cl

2

dichloride

Dichloroethene, 1,1- 1,1-DCE , Vinylidene chloride 75-35-4 C2H2Cl

Dichloroethene, c-1,2- c-1, 2-DCE , cis-Dichloroethylene 156-5 9-2 C

Dichloroethene, t-1,2- t-1,2- DC E, trans-Dichloroethylene 156-60-5 C

Dichloro-1-fluoroethane, 1,1- R -141B 1717-00-6 C

2

2H2Cl2

2H2Cl2

F NR + NR + 2.0 + ne

2H3Cl2

Dichloromethane see Methylene chloride

Dichloropentafluoropropane AK-225, mix of ~4 5% 3,3-

dichloro-1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoro-

442-56-0

507-55-1

C

HCl2F

3

NR + NR + 25 + ne

5

propane (HCFC-22 5ca) & ~55%
1,3 -Dichloro-1,1,2,2 ,3-penta­fluoropropane (HCFC-225cb)

Dichloropropane, 1,2- 78-87-5 C3H6Cl

Dichloro-1-propene, 1,3- 54 2-7 5-6 C3H4Cl

Dichloro-1-propene, 2,3- 78-88-6 C3H4Cl

Dichloro-1,1,1- trifluoroethane, 2,2- R-123 306-83-2 C2HCl2F

Dichloro-2,4,6- trifluoropyridine,

DCTFP 1737-9 3-5 C5Cl2F3N 1.1 + 0.9 + 0.8 + ne

2

1.3 + 0.96 + <10 1

2

1.9 + 1.3 + 0.7 + <10 ne

2

NR + NR + 10.1 + 11.5 ne

3

3,5-

Dichlorvos

**

Vapona; O,O-dimethyl

62-73 -7 C4H7Cl2O4P 0.9 + <9.4 0.1
O-dichlorovinyl phosphate

Dicyclopentadiene DCPD, Cyclopentadiene dimer 77-73-6 C10H

Diesel Fuel

Diesel Fuel #2 (Automotive)

**

**

68334-30-5 m.w. 226 0.9 + 11

68334-30-5 m.w. 216 1.3 0.7 + 0.4 + 11

12

0.57 + 0.48 + 0.43 + 8.8 5

Diethylamine 109-89-7 C4H11N 1 + 8.01 5

Diethylaminopropylamine, 3- 104-7 8-9 C7H18N

2

Diethylbenzene see Dowtherm J

Diethyl ether Diethyl ether; Diethyl oxide; Ethyl

60-29-7 C4H10O 1.74 + 9.51 400
oxide; Ether; Solvent ether

Diethylene glycol butyl ether 2-(2-Butoxyethoxy)ethanol, BDG,

112- 34-5 C8H18O

3

Butyldiglycol, DB Solvent

Diethylene glycol monobutyl

ether acetate

But yldiglycol acet ate, DB Acetate,
Diethylene glycol monobutyl ether

124-17- 4 C10H20O

4

acetate

Diethylmaleate 141-05-9 C8H12O

4

Diethyl sulfide see Ethyl sulfide

Diglyme see Methoxyethyl ether 111-9 6-6 C

6H14O3

0.8 + 8.95 300

0.7 50

NR + NR + 11.75 1000

NR + 0.6 + 11. 0 4 10

0.82 + 0.8 + 9.79 5

0.8 9.66 200

0.45 + 0.34 + 9.65 200

0.7 10.87 75

1.3 ne

4.6 + 5

5.62 + ne

4 ne

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6

Technical Note TN-106 05/15/VK

Compound Name Synonym/Abbreviation CAS No. Formula 9.8 C 10.6 C 11.7 C IE (eV)TWA

Diisobutyl ketone DIBK, 2,2-dimethyl-4-heptanone 108-83-8 C9H18O 0.71 + 0.61 + 0.35 + 9.04 25

Diisopropylamine 108-18-9 C6H15N 0.84 + 0.74 + 0.5 + 7.7 3 5

Diisopropylcarbodiimide,N,N’- DIPC 693-13-0 C7H14N

Diisopropylethylamine ‘Hünig’s base’,

7087-68-5 C8H19N 0.7 + ne

2

N-Ethyldiisopropylamine, DIPEA ,
Ethyldiisopropylamine

Diketene Ketene dimer 674-82-8 C4H4O

2.6 + 2.0 + 1.4 + 9.6 0.5

2

Dimethylacetamide, N,N- DMA 127-19-5 C4H9NO 0.87 + 0.8 + 0.8 + 8.81 10

Dimethylamine 124-4 0- 3 C2H7N 1.5 8.23 5

Dimethyl carbonate Carbonic acid dimethyl ester 616-38-6 C3H6O

Dimethyl disulfide DMDS 624-92-0 C2H6S

NR + ~7 0 + 1.7 + ~10. 5 ne

3

0.2 + 0.20 + 0.21 + 7.4 ne

2

Dimethyl ether see Methyl ether

Dimethylethylamine DMEA 5 9 8-5 6-1 C4H11N 1.1 + 1.0 + 0.9 + 7. 74 ~3

Dimethylformamide, N,N- DMF 68-12-2 C3H7NO 0.7 + 0.7 + 0.8 + 9.13 10

Dimethylhydrazine, 1,1- UDMH 57-14 -7 C2H8N

Dimethyl methylphosphonate DMMP, methyl phosphonic

756-79-6 C3H9O3P NR + 4.3 + 0.74 + 10.0 ne

2

acid dimethyl ester

Dimethyl sulfate 77-78 -1 C2H6O4S ~23 ~2 0 + 2.3 + 0 .1

Dimethyl sulfide see Methyl sulfide

Dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO, Methyl sulfoxide 67-68-5 C2H6OS 1. 4 + 9 .10 ne

Dioxane, 1,4- 12 3-91-1 C4H8O

Dioxolane, 1,3- Ethylene glycol formal 646-06-0 C3H6O

®

Dowtherm A see Therminol

Dowtherm J (97% Diet hylbenzene)

DS-108F Wipe Solvent Ethyl lactate/Isopar H/

**

**

Propoxypropanol ~7:2:1

25340-17-4 C10H

97-64 -3

64742-48-9

2

4.0 + 2.3 + 1.6 + 9.9 20

2

14

m.w. 118 3.3 + 1.6 + 0.7 + ne

1569- 01- 3

Epichlorohydrin ECH Chloromethyloxirane,

106-89-8 C2H5ClO ~20 0 + 8.5 + 1.4 + 10.2 0.5
1-chloro2,3-epoxypropane

Ethane 74-84-0 C2H

6

Ethanol Ethyl alcohol 64-17- 5 C2H6O 9.6 + 3.1 + 10.47 1000

Ethanolamine

Ethene Ethylene 74-8 5-1 C2H

Ethoxyethanol, 2- Ethyl cellosolve, Ethylene

**

MEA, Monoethanolamine 141-4 3-5 C2H7NO 5.6 + 1.6 + 8.96 3

4

110-80-5 C4H10O

2

glycol monoethyl ether

Ethyl acetate Acetic ester; Acetic ether;

141-78- 6 C4H8O

2

Ethyl es ter of acetic acid; Ethyl
ethanoate

Ethyl acetoacetate 141-97-9 C

6H10O3

Ethyl acrylate 140-88-5 C5H8O

Ethylactate Acetic ester; Acetic ether;

141-78- 6 C4H8O

1.4 + 1.2 + 1.0 + <10 ne

2

2

Ethyl es ter of acetic acid; Ethyl
ethanoate

Ethylamine 75-04 -7 C2H7N 0.8 8.86 5

Ethylbenzene 100-41-4 C8H

10

Ethyl caprylate Ethyl octanoate 106 -32 -1 C10H20O

Ethylenediamine 1,2-Ethanediamine;

107-15 -3 C2H8N

0.52 + 0.65 + 0.51 + 8.77 100

2

0.9 + 0.8 + 1.0 + 8.6 10

2

1,2-Diaminoethane

(Ethylenedioxy)diethanethiol,

2,2’-

Ethylene glycol

Ethylene glycol, Acrylate

**

**

Ethylene glycol dimethyl ether 1,2-Dimethoxyethane, Monoglyme 110-71-4 C4H10O

1,2-Bis(2-mercaptoethoxy)ethane,

1497 0-8 7-7 C6H14O2S
3,6-Dioxa-1,8-octane-dithiol

1,2-Ethanediol 10 7-21-1 C2H6O

2-hydroxyethyl Acrylate 818-61-1 C5H8O

2

2

3

1.1 1.1 0.7 9.2 ne

2

0.42 + ne

0.8 + 0.8 + 7.2 8 0.01

1.3 9.19 25

0.5

NR + 15 + 11. 52 ne

9 + 4.5 + 10.51 ne

1.3 9.6 5

3.8 + 10.01 400

2.4 + 1. 0 + <10.3 5

2.18 + 10.01 400

+ 0.52 + 0.51 +

1.3 + ne

16 + 6 + 10.16 C100

8.2 ≤10.6

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7

Technical Note TN-106 05/15/VK

Compound Name Synonym/Abbreviation CAS No. Formula 9.8 C 10.6 C 11.7 C IE (eV)TWA

Ethylene glycol monobutyl

ether acetate

Ethylene glycol, monothio 60-24-2 C2H6OS 1.5 9.65

Ethylene oxide Oxirane, Epoxyethane 75-21-8 C

Ethyl ether Diethyl ether 60-29-7 C4H10O 1.1 + 9.51 400

Ethyl 3-ethoxypropionate EEP 763-69-9 C7H14O

Ethyl formate 109-9 4-4 C3H6O

Ethyl-1-hexanol, 2- Isooct yl alcohol 104-7 6-7 C8H18O 1.9 + ne

Ethyl hexyl acrylate, 2- Acrylic acid 2-ethylhexyl ester 103-11-7 C11H20O

Ethylidenenorbornene 5-Ethylidene bicyclo(2,2,1)

Ethyl (S)-(-)-lactate

see also DS-108F

Ethyl mercaptan Ethanethiol 7 5-08-1 C2H6S 0.60 + 0.56 + 9.29 0.5

Ethyl sulfide Diethyl sulfide 352-93-2 C4H10S 0.5 + 8.43 ne

Formaldehyde Formalin 50-00-0 CH2O NR + NR + 1.6 + 10.87 C0.3

Formamide 75-12-7 CH3NO 6.9 + 4 10.16 10

Formic acid 64-18-6 CH2O

Furfural 2-Furaldehyde 98 -01-1 C5H4O

Furfuryl alcohol 98-00-0 C5H6O

Gasoline #1 8006-61-9 m.w. 7 2 0.9 + 300

Gasoline #2, 92 octane 8006-61-9 m.w. 93 1.3 + 1.0 + 0.5 + 300

Glutaraldehyde 1,5-Pentanedial, Glutaric

Glycidyl methacrylate 2,3-Epoxypropyl methacrylate 106-91-2 C7H10O

Halothane 2-Bromo-2-chloro-1,1,1-

HCFC-22 see Chlorodifluoromethane

HCFC-12 3 see 2, 2-Dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane

HCFC-141B see 1,1-Dichloro-1-fluoroethane

HCFC-14 2B see 1-Chloro-1,1-difluoroethane

HCFC-13 4A see 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane

HCFC-225 see Dichloropentafluoropropane

Heptane, n- 142-82-5 C7H

Heptanol, 4- Dipropylcarbinol 589-55-9 C7H16O 1.8 + 1.3 + 0.5 + 9.61 ne

Hexamethyldisilazane,

1,1,1,3, 3, 3-

**

Hexamethyldisiloxane HMDSx 107-46-0 C

Hexane, n- 110-5 4-3 C6H

Hexanol, 1- Hexyl alcohol 111-27-3 C6H14O 9 + 2.5 + 0.55 + 9.89 ne

Hexene, 1- 592-41-6 C

HFE-7100 see Methyl nonafluorobutyl ether

Histoclear (Histo-Clear) Limonene/corn oil reagent m.w. ~136 0.5 + 0.4 + 0.3 + ne

Hydrazine

**

Hydrazoic acid Hydrogen azide HN

Hydrogen Synthesis gas 1333-74-0 H

Hydrogen cyanide Hydrocyanic acid 74-90-8 HCN NR + NR + NR + 13.6 C4.7

Hydrogen iodide

**

Hydrogen peroxide 77 2 2-8 4-1 H2O

Hydrogen sulfide 7783-06-4 H2S NR + 3.3 + 1. 5 + 10.45 10

Hydroxyethyl acrylate, 2- Ethylene glycol monoacrylate 818 -61-1 C5H8O

1,2-Dimethoxyethane, Monoglyme 110-71-4 C4H10O

2H4

16219-75-3 C9H

12

O 13 + 3.5 + 10.57 1

1.1 1.1 0.7 9.2

2

1.2 + 0.75 + ne

3

2

2

1.1 + 0.5 + ne

1.9 10.61 100

0.4 + 0.39 + 0.34 + ≤8.8 ne

hept-2-ene

Ethyl lactate, Ethyl (S)- (-) ­hydroxypropionate

687-47-8

C5H10O

97-64 -3

111-30 -8 C5H8O

13 + 3.2 + 1.6 + ~10 ne

3

2

NR + NR + 9 + 11. 33 5

2

2

1.1 + 0.8 + 0.6 + C0.05

2

0.92 + 0.8 + 9.21 2

0.80 + <9.5 10

dialdehyde

2.6 + 1.2 + 0.9 + 0.5

3

151-6 7-7 C2HBrClF

3

0.6 11.0 50

trifluoroethane

16

HMDS 999-97-3 C6H19NSi

OSi20.33 + 0.27 + 0.25 + 9.64 ne

6H18

14

6H12

302-01-2 H4N

2

3

2

45 + 2.8 + 0.60 + 9.92 400

2

0.2 + 0.2 + ~8.6 ne

350 + 4.3 + 0.54 + 10 .13 50

0.8 9.44 30

>8 + 2.6 + 2.1 + 8.1 0.01

10.7

NR + NR + NR + 15.4 3 ne

Hydriodic acid 1003 4-85-2 HI ~0.6 10.39

2

NR + NR + NR + 10.54 1

3

8.2 + ne

ne

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8

Technical Note TN-106 05/15/VK

Compound Name Synonym/Abbreviation CAS No. Formula 9.8 C 10.6 C 11.7 C IE (eV)TWA

Hydroxypropyl methacrylate 27813-02-1

923-26-2

**

Iodine

7553-56-2 I

Iodomethane Methyl iodide 74-88-4 CH

Isoamyl acetate Isopentyl acetate 123-92-2 C

Isobutane 2-Methylpropane 75-28-5 C

Isobutanol 2-Methyl-1-propanol 7 8-8 3-1 C

Isobutene Isobutylene, Methyl butene 115 -11-7 C

Isobutyl acetate 2-methylpropyl ethanoate,

110-19-0 C
β-methylpropyl acetate

Isobutyl acrylate Isobutyl 2-propenoate,

106-63-8 C7H12O
Acrylic acid Isobutyl ester

Isoflurane 1-Chloro-2, 2,2-trifluoroethyl

26675-46-7 C
difluoromethyl ether, forane

Isooctane 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane 540-84-1 C8H

Isopar E Solvent Isoparaffinic hydrocarbons 64741-66-8 m.w. 121 1.7 + 0.8 + ne

Isopar G Solvent Photocopier diluent 64742-48-9 m.w. 14 8 0.8 + ne

Isopar K Solvent Isoparaffinic hydrocarbons 64742- 48-9 m.w. 156 0.9 + 0.5 + 0.27 + ne

Isopar L Solvent Isoparaffinic hydrocarbons 6 4742-4 8-9 m.w. 163 0.9 + 0.5 + 0.28 + ne

Isopar M Solvent Isoparaffinic hydrocarbons 64742-47-8 m.w. 191 0.7 + 0.4 + ne

Isopentane 2-Methylbutane 78-78-4 C5H

Isophorone 78-59 -1 C9H14O 3 9.07 C5

Isoprene 2-Methyl-1,3-butadiene 78-79-5 C5H

Isopropanol Isopropyl alcohol, 2-propanol, IPA 67-63-0 C3H8O 500 + 4.6 + 2.7 10 .12 200

Isopropyl acetate 108-21- 4 C5H10O

Isopropyl ether Diisopropyl ether 108-20-3 C6H14O 0.8 9.20 250

Jet fuel JP-4 Jet B, Turbo B, F-40

Wide cut type aviation fuel

Jet fuel JP-5 Jet 5, F-44, Kerosene t ype

aviation fuel

80 08-2 0-6 +

64741-4 2-0

80 08-2 0-6 +

64747-77-1

Jet fuel JP-8 F -3 4, Kerosene type aviation fuel 8008-20-6 +

64741-7 7-1

Jet fuel A-1 F-34, Kerosene t ype aviation fuel 8008 -20- 6 +

64741-7 7-1

Jet Fuel TS Thermally Stable Jet Fuel,

Hydrotreated kerosene fuel

80 08-2 0-6 +

64742-47-8

JP-10 0.7 + 0.5 +

JP5, Petroleum/camelinal 1.05 +

JP5/Petroleum 0.98 +

Limonene, D- (R)-(+)-Limonene 5989-2 7-5 C10H

Kerosene C10-C16 petro.distillate see Jet Fuels 8 008-20-6

MDI see 4,4’-Methylenebis (phenylisocyanate)

Maleic anhydride 2,5-Furandione 10 8-31-6 C4H2O

Mercapto-2-ethanol

β-Mercaptoethanol,

60-24-2 C2H6OS 1. 5 + 9.65 0.2
2-Hydroxyethylmercaptan, BME,
Thioethylene glycol

Mesitylene 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene 108-67-8 C9H

Methallyl chloride see 3-Chloro-2-methylpropene

Methane Natural gas 74-82-8 CH

Methanol Methyl alcohol, carbinol 6 7-56-1 CH4O NR + NR + 2.5 + 10.85 200

Methoxyethanol, 2- Methyl cellosolve, Ethylene glycol

109-86-4 C3H8O
monomethyl ether

C7H12O

2

I 0.21 + 0.22 + 0.26 + 9.54 2

3

7H14O2

4H10

O 19 + 3.8 + 1.5 10.02 50

4H10

4H8

6H12O2

ClF5O NR + NR + 48 + ~11.7 ne

3H2

18

12

8

9.9 + 2.3 + 1.1 + ne

3

0.1 + 0.1 + 0 .1 + 9.40 C0 .1

10.1 2.1 1.0 <10 100

100 + 1.2 + 10.57 ne

1.00 + 1.0 0 + 1.00 + 9.24 ne

2.1 + 9.97 15 0

2

1.5 + 0.60 + ne

1.2 9.86 ne

8.2 ne

0.69 + 0.63 + 0.60 + 8.85 ne

2

2.6 9.99 100

m.w. 115 1.0 + 0.4 + ne

m.w. 16 7 0.6 + 0.5 + 29

m.w. 16 5 0.94 + 0.3 + 30

m.w. 14 5 0.67 34

m.w. 16 5 0.9 + 0.6 + 0.3 + 30

16

3

12

4

0.36 + 0.35 + 0.3 + 8.41 25

NR + NR + NR + 12.61 ne

4.8 + 2.4 + 1.4 + 10 .1 5

2

0.33 + ~8.2 ne

~10. 8 0.1

RAE Systems by Honeywell 877-723-2878 raesystems.com

9

Technical Note TN-106 05/15/VK

Compound Name Synonym/Abbreviation CAS No. Formula 9.8 C 10.6 C 11.7 C IE (eV)TWA

Methoxyethoxyethanol, 2- 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol

Diethylene glycol monomethyl
ether

Methoxyethyl ether, 2- bis(2-Methoxyethyl) ether,

Diethylene glycol dimethyl ether,
Diglyme

Methyl acetate 79-20-9 C3H6O

Methyl acrylate Methyl 2-propenoate,

Acrylic acid methyl ester

Methylamine Aminomethane 74 -8 9-5 CH

Methyl amyl ketone MAK, 2-Heptanone,

Methyl pentyl ketone

Methylaniline, N- MA; (Methylamino) benzene;

N-Methyl aniline;
Methylphenylamine;
N-Phenylmethylamin

Methyl bromide Bromomethane 74-8 3-9 CH3Br 110 + 1.7 + 1.3 + 10.5 4 1

Methyl-2-butanol, 2- tert-Amyl alcohol,

tert-Pentyl alcohol

Methyl t-butyl ether MTBE, tert-Butyl methyl ether 1634-04-4 C

Methyl cellosolve see 2-Methoxyethanol

Methyl chloride Chloromethane 74- 87- 3 CH3Cl NR + NR + 0.74 + 11.2 2 50

Methylcyclohexane 107-87-2 C7H

Methylene bis

(phenyl-isocyanate), 4,4’-

MDI, Mondur M C15H10N2O2Very slow ppb level response 0.005

**

Methylene chloride Dichloromethane 75-09-2 CH

Methyl ether Dimethyl ether 115-10-6 C2H6O 4.8 + 3.1 + 2.5 + 10.0 3 ne

Methyl ethyl ketone MEK, 2-Butanone 78-93-3 C4H8O 0.86 + 1.0 + 1.1 + 9.51 200

Methylhydrazine Monomethylhydrazine,

Hydrazomethane

Methyl isoamyl ketone MIAK, 5-Methyl-2-hexanone 110-12- 3 C7H14O 0.8 + 0.76 + 0.5 + 9.28 50

Methyl isobutyl ketone MIBK, 4-Methyl-2-pentanone 108 -10-1 C6H12O 0.9 + 0.8 + 0.6 + 9.30 50

Methyl isocyanate 624-83-9 C2H3NO NR + 4.6 + 1.5 10.67 0.02

Methyl isothiocyanate 551-61-6 C2H3NS 0.5 + 0.45 + 0.4 + 9.25 ne

Methyl mercaptan Methanethiol 74 -93-1 CH4S 0.65 0.54 0.66 9.44 0.5

Methyl methacrylate 80-62-6 C5H8O

Methyl nonafluorobutyl ether HFE -7100 DL 16 3702-08-7,

Methyl-1,5-pentanediamine, 2-

(coats lamp)

**

Dytek-A amine, 2-Methyl
pentamethylenediamine

Methyl propyl ketone MPK, 2-Pentanone 107-87-9 C5H12O 0.93 + 0.79 + 9.38 200

Methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, N- NMP, N-Methylpyrrolidone,

1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidinone,
1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone

Methyl salicylate

Methylstyrene, α-

**

Methyl 2-hydroxybenzoate 119- 3 6-8 C8H8O

2-Propenylbenzene 98-83-9 C9H

Methyl sulfide DMS, Dimethyl sulfide 75 -18-3 C

Methyl vinyl ketone MVK, 3-Buten-2-one 78-94-4 C4H6O 0.93 + 9.65 ne

Methyltetrahydrofuran 2- MeTH F, Tet rahyd ro-2 -

methylfuran, Tetrahydrosilvan

Mineral spirits Stoddard Solvent, Varsol 1,

White Spirits

Mineral Spirits Viscor 120B Calibration Fluid,

b.p. 15 6-207°C

111-77-3 C7H16O 2.3 + 1.2 + 0.9 + <10 ne

111-9 6-6 C6H14O

96-33-3 C4H6O

N 1.2 8.97 5

5

0.64 + 0.54 + 0.44 + <9.8 ne

3

NR + 6.6 + 1.4 + 10.27 200

2

2

3.7 + 1.2 + (9.9) 2

110-43-0 C7H14O 0.9 + 0.85 + 0.5 + 9.30 50

100 -61-8 C7H9N 0.68 + 7.3 2 2

75-85-4 C5H12O 1.62 + 10.16 100

O 0.9 + 9.24 40

5H12

14

2Cl2

60-34-4 C2H6N

1.6 + 0.97 + 0.53 + 9.64 400

NR + NR + 0.89 + 11. 32 25

1.4 + 1.2 + 1.3 + 7.7 0.01

2

2.7 + 1.5 + 1.2 + 9.7 100

2

C5H3F9O NR + ~35 + ne

163702-07-6

15520-10-2 C6H16N

2

~0.6 + <9.0 ne

872-50-4 C5H9NO 1.0 + 0.8 + 0.9 + 9.17 ne

1.3 + 0.9 + 0.9 + ~9 ne

3

10

S 0.49 + 0.44 + 0.46 + 8.69 ne

2H6

0.5 8.18 50

96-47-9 C5H10O 2.44 + 9.22 ne

8020-83-5

m.w. 14 4 1.0 0.69 + 0.38 + 100
8052-41-3
685 51-17-7

8052-41-3 m.w. 142 1.0 + 0.7 + 0.3 + 10 0

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10

Technical Note TN-106 05/15/VK

Compound Name Synonym/Abbreviation CAS No. Formula 9.8 C 10.6 C 11.7 C IE (eV)TWA

Monoethanolamine see Ethanolamine

Mustard HD, Bis (2-chloroethyl) sulfide 505-60-2

39 472- 4 0-7
68157-62-0

Naphtha see V M & P Naphtha

Naphthalene Mothballs 91-20-3 C10H

Nickel carbonyl (in CO) Nickel tetracarbonyl 13463-39-3 C4NiO

Nicotine 3-(1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidyl)pyridine 54 -11-5 C10H14N

Nitric oxide 10102-4 3-9 NO ~6 5.2 + 2.8 + 9.26 25

Nitrobenzene 98-95-3 C6H5NO

Nitroethane 79-24 -3 C2H5NO

Nitrogen dioxide 10102-44- 0 NO

Nitrogen trifluoride 778 3-54 -2 NF

Nitromethane 75-52-5 CH3NO

Nitropropane, 2- 79-46-9 C3H7NO

Nonane 111-8 4 -2 C9H

Norpar 12 n-Paraf fins, mostly C10-C

Norpar 13 n-Paraf fins, mostly C13-C

13

14

64 771-72- 8 m.w. 161 3.2 + 1.1 + 0.28 + ne

64 771-72- 8 m.w. 18 9 2.7 + 1.0 + 0.3 + ne

Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane 556-67-2 C8H24O4Si40.21 + 0.17 + 0.14 + ne

Octamethyltrisiloxane 107-51-7 C8H24O2Si30.23 + 0.18 + 0.17 + <10.0 ne

Octane, n- 111-65 -9 C8H

Octene, 1- 111-66-0 C8H

Pentachloropropane 1,1,1,3,3-pentachloropropane 23153-23-3 C3H3Cl

Pentane 109-66-0 C5H

Peracetic acid

**

Perox yacetic acid,

79-21-0 C2H4O

Acetyl hydroperoxide

Peracetic/Acetic acid mix

**

Perox yacetic acid,

79-21-0 C2H4O

Acetyl hydroperoxide

Perchloroethene PCE, Perchloroethylene,

127-18-4 C2Cl

Tetrachloroethylene

Propylene glycol methyl ether,

PGME 107-9 8-2 C6H12O

1-Methoxy-2-propanol

Propylene glycol methyl ether

PGMEA 108-65-6 C

acetate,
1-Methoxy-2-acetoxypropane,
1-Methoxy-2-propanol acetate

Phenol Hydroxybenzene 108-95-2 C6H6O 1.0 + 1.0 + 0.9 + 8.51 5

Phosgene Dichlorocarbonyl 75-44-5 CCl2O NR + NR + 8.5 + 11.2 0 .1

Phosgene in Nitrogen Dichlorocarbonyl 75-44-5 CCl2O NR + NR + 6.8 + 11.2 0 .1

Phosphine (coats lamp) 7803 -51-2 PH

Photocopier Toner Isoparaffin mix 0.5 + 0.3 + ne

Picoline, 3- 3-Methylpyridine 108-99-6 C6H7N 0.9 9.04 ne

Pinene, α-

Pinene, β-

2437-95-8 C10H

18172-67-3 C

Piperylene, isomer mix 1,3-Pentadiene 504-60-9 C

Propane 74-98-6 C3H

Propanol, n- Propyl alcohol 71-23-8 C3H8O 5.5 1.7 10.22 200

Propene Propylene 115- 07-1 C3H

Propionaldehyde Propanal 123-38-6 C3H6O 1. 9 9.95 ne

Propyl acetate, n- 109-60-4 C5H10O

Propyl acetate Propylacetate; n-Propyl ester of

109-60-4 C5H10O

acetic acid

C4H8Cl2S 0.6 0.0005

8

2

3

20

18

16

12

4

6H12O3

3

16

10H16

5H8

8

6

0.45 + 0.42 + 0.40 + 8 .13 10

4

2

2.6 + 1.9 + 1.6 + 9.81 1

2

2

0.18 <8.8 0.001

1.98 + ne

3 10.88 100

23 + 16 + 6 + 9.75 3

NR NR NR 13.0 10

2

2

4 11.02 20

2.6 10.71 10

1.4 9.72 200

13 + 1.8 + 9.82 300

0.9 + 0.75 + 0.4 + 9.43 75

5

1.25 + 0 .1

80 + 8.4 + 0.7 + 10.35 600

NR + NR + 2.3 + ne

3

3

50 + 2.5 + ne

0.69 + 0.57 + 0.31 + 9.32 25

2.4 + 1.5 + 1.1 + 100

3

1.65 + 1.0 + 0.8 + ne

28 3.9 + 1.1 + 9.87 0.3

0.31 + 0.47 8.07 ne

0.38 + 0.37 + 0.37 + ~8 100

0.76 + 0.69 + 0.64 + 8.6 100

NR + 1.8 + 10.95 2500

1.5 + 1.4 + 1.6 + 9.73 ne

2

2

3.5 10.04 200

2.27 + 10.04 200

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11

Technical Note TN-106 05/15/VK

Compound Name Synonym/Abbreviation CAS No. Formula 9.8 C 10.6 C 11.7 C IE (eV)TWA

Propylamine, n- 1-Propylamine,

1-Aminopropane

Propylene carbonate

**

Propylene glycol 1,2-Propanediol 57-55-6 C3H8O

Propylene glycol propyl ether 1-Propoxy-2-propanol 156 9-01-3 C6H14O

Propylene oxide Methyloxirane 75 -5 6-9

Propyleneimine 2-Methylaziridine 75-55-8 C3H7N 1.5 + 1.3 + 1.0 + 9.0 2

Propyl mercaptan, 2- 2-Propanethiol, Isopropyl

mercaptan

Pyridine 110 -86 -1 C5H5N 0.78 + 0.7 + 0.7 + 9.25 5

Pyrrolidine (coats lamp) Azacyclohexane 12 3-75-1 C4H9N 2.1 + 1.3 + 1.6 + ~8.0 ne

RR730 0 (PGME /PGMEA) 70:30 PGME:PGME A

(1-Methoxy-2-propanol:
1-Methoxy-2-acetoxypropane)

Sarin GB, Isopropyl

methylphosphonofluoridate

Shell SPK 1.26 +

Shell SPK 1.29 + 0.4 +

Shell SPK 50/50 1.02 + 0.41 +

Shell SPK/JP-8 1.11 +

Stoddard Solvent see Mineral Spirits 8020-83-5

Styrene 100-42-5 C8H

Sulfur dioxide 7446-09-5 SO

Sulfur hexafluoride 2551-62-4 SF

Sulfuryl fluoride Vikane 2699-79-8 SO2F

**

Tabun

Ethyl N, N­dimethylphosphoramidocyanidate

Tallow HRJ 1.09 +

Tallow HRJ 0.95 + 0.36 +

Tallow HRJ/JP-8 1.14 +

Tallow HRJ/JP-8 50/50 0.9 + 0.39 +

Tetrachloroethane, 1,1,1,2- 630-20-6 C2H2Cl

Tetrachloroethane, 1,1,2,2- 79-34-5 C2H2Cl

Tetrachlorosilane 10023-04-7 SiCl

Tetraethyllead TEL 78-00 -2 C8H20Pb 0.4 0.3 0.2 ~11.1 0.008

Tetraethyl orthosilicate Ethyl silicate, TEOS 7 8-10 -4 C8H20O4Si 0.7 + 0.2 + ~9.8 10

Tetrafluoroethane, 1,1,1,2- HFC -134 A 811- 97-2 C2H2F

Tetrafluoroethene TFE, Tetrafluoroethylene,

Perfluoroethylene

Tetrafluoromethane CFC-14, Carbon tetrafluoride 75-73-0 CF

Tetrahydrofuran THF 109-99-9 C4H8O 1.9 + 1.7 + 1.0 + 9.41 200

Tetramethyl orthosilicate Methyl silicate, TMOS 681-8 4-5 C4H12O4Si 10 + 1. 9 + ~10 1

Therminol® D-12

Therminol® VP-1

**

**

Hydrotreated heav y naphtha 64742-4 8-9 m.w. 160 0.8 + 0.51 + 0.33 + ne

Dowtherm A, 3:1 Diphenyl oxide:
Biphenyl

Toluene Methylbenzene 108-88-3 C

Tolylene-2,4-diisocyanate TDI, 4-Methyl-1,3-phenylene-2,4 -

diisocyanate

Trichlorobenzene, 1,2,4- 1, 2,4-TC B 120- 82-1 C6H3Cl

Trichloroethane, 1,1,1- 1,1,1-TCA, Methyl chloroform 71-55 -6 C2H3Cl

107-10-8 C3H9N 1.1 + 1.1 + 0.9 + 8.78 ne

108-32-7 C4H6O

3

18 4.2 + 1.6 + <10.2 ne

2

1.3 + 1.0 + 1.6 + ne

2

62 + 1 + 10.5 ne

C3H6O ~240 6.6 + 2.9 + 10.22 20
16088-62-3
154 48-47-2

75-33-2 C3H8S 0.64 + 0.66 + 9 .15 ne

107-9 8-2 C4H10O2/

C6H12O

107-44 -8

C4H10FO2P ~3

3

1.4 + 1.0 + ne

50642-23-4

8

2

6

2

0.45 + 0.43 + 0.4 + 8.43 20

NR NR + NR + 12.32 2

NR NR NR 15 .3 1000

NR NR NR 13.0 5

77-81-6 C5H11N2O2P 0.8 15ppt

1.3 ~11.1 ne

4

4

116-14 -3 C2F

101-84-8
92-52-4

4

4

C12H10O

C12H

10

7H8

584-84-9 C9H6N2O

4

NR + NR + 0.60 + ~11.1 1

4

NR NR 15 + 11.7 9 ne

NR NR ne

~15 10.12 ne

NR + NR + >15. 3 ne

0.4 + 1

0.54 + 0.45 + 0.51 + 8.82 50

1.4 + 1.4 + 2.0 + 0.002

2

0.7 + 0.9 + 9.04 C5

3

3

NR + 1 + 11 350

RAE Systems by Honeywell 877-723-2878 raesystems.com

12

Technical Note TN-106 05/15/VK

Compound Name Synonym/Abbreviation CAS No. Formula 9.8 C 10.6 C 11.7 C IE (eV)TWA

Trichloroethane, 1,1,2- 1,1,2-TCA 79-00-5 C2H3Cl

Trichloroethene TCE, Trichoroethylene 79-01-6 C2HCl

3

Trichloromethylsilane Methyltrichlorosilane 75-79-6 CH3Cl3Si NR NR 1.8 + 11.36 ne

Trichlorotrifluoroethane, 1,1,2- C FC-113 76-13 -1 C2Cl3F

Triethylamine TEA 121-44-8 C6H15N 0.95 + 0.9 + 0.65 + 7. 3 1

Triethyl borate T EB; Boric acid triethyl ester,

150-4 6-9 C6H15O3B 2.2 + 1.1 + ~10 ne

Boron ethoxide

Triethyl phosphate Ethyl phosphate 78-40-0 C6H15O4P ~50 + 3 .1 + 0.60 + 9.79 ne

Trifluoroethane, 1,1,2- 430-66-0 C2H3F

3

Trimethylamine 75-50-3 C3H9N 0.9 7. 8 2 5

Trimethylbenzene, 1,3,5- see Mesitylene 108-67-8 25

Trimethyl borate TMB; Boric acid trimethyl ester,

121- 4 3-7 C3H9O3B 5.1 + 1.2 + 10.1 ne

Boron methoxide

Trimethyl phosphate Methyl phosphate 512-5 6-1 C3H9O4P 8.0 + 1.3 + 9.99 ne

Trimethyl phosphite Methyl phosphite 121- 45-9 C3H9O3P 1.1 + + 8.5 2

Turpentine Pinenes (85%) + other diisoprenes 8006-64-2 C10H

Undecane 1120-21-4 C11H

16

24

Varsol see Mineral Spirits

Vinyl actetate 108-05-4 C4H6O

Vinyl bromide Bromoethylene 593-60-2 C2H3Br 0.4 9.80 5

Vinyl chloride Chloroethylene, VCM 7 5-01-4 C2H3Cl 2.0 + 0.6 + 9.99 5

Vinyl-1-cyclohexene, 4- Butadiene dimer,

100-40-3 C8H

12

4-Ethenylcyclohexene

Vinylidene chloride see 1,1-Dicholorethene

Vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone, 1- NVP, N-vinylpyrrolidone,

88-12- 0 C6H9NO 1.0 + 0.8 + 0.9 + ne

1-ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone

Viscor 120B see Mineral Spirits —Viscor 120B Calibration Fluid

V. M. & P. Naphtha L igroin; Solvent naph tha; Varnish

maker’s & painter’s naphtha

Xylene, m- 1,3 -Dimethylbenzene 108-38-3 C8H

Xylene, o- 1,2-Dimethylbenzene 95-47-6 C8H

Xylene, p- 1,4-Dimethylbenzene 106-42-3 C8H

64742-89-8 m.w. 111

(C8-C9)

10

10

10

NR + NR + 0.9 + 11.0 10

3

0.62 + 0.54 + 0.43 + 9.47 50

3

NR NR 11.99 1000

34 12.9 ne

0.37 + 0.4 + 0.29 + ~8 20

2 9.56 ne

1.5 + 1.2 + 1.0 + 9.19 10

2

0.6 + 0.56 + 9.83 0.1

1.7 + 0.97 + 300

0.50 + 0.44 + 0.40 + 8.56 100

0.56 + 0.45 + 0.43 8.56 100

0.48 + 0.39 + 0.38 + 8.44 100

* The term “ionization energy” is more scientifically correct and replaces the old term “ionization potential.” High-boiling (“heavy”) compounds may not vaporize enough
to give a response even when their ionization energies are below the lamp photon energy. Some inorganic compounds like H

and NO2 give weak response even when

2O2

their ionization energies are well below the lamp photon energy.

** Compounds indicated in green can be detected using a MiniRAE 3000, UltraRAE 3000 or ppbRAE 3000 with slow response, but may be lost by adsorption on a
MultiRAE, EntryRAE and AreaRAE. Response on multi-gas meters can give an indication of relative concentrations, but may not be quantitative and for some chemicals
no response is obser ved.

Therminol® is a registered Trademark of Solutia, Inc.

RAE Systems by Honeywell 877-723-2878 raesystems.com

13