Radio Shack 4 Quick Reference

Radie

/haeK

Model

4

Quick

fl:

•

Reference

Guide

©

Radio

Shack,

A

Division oi

Tandy

Corporation

Contents

Start-Up

^

TRSDOS

-'l|J

Commands

and

Utilities

^4

Error

Messages

^

BASIC

^

Statements

and

Functions

.

^

Control

Keys

^

Operators

^

Edit

Commands

^

Special Characters

^4

Error

Messages

^u|

Internal

Codes

^

Start-Up

Make sure all

floppy disk

drives are empty and all equip-

ment is

off.

1

.

Turn

on all peripheral equipment (such

as a printer),

except

the hard disk.

2. Hard disk

users: Turn

on the primary hard disk drive.

3.

Turn on the computer.

4. Insert

a system diskette into Drive

and close the

drive

door. TRSDOS

displays its start-up message.

5. TRSDOS

prompts you for the

date.

Enter

it in the

mm/dd/yy

format.

6. The

following

system prompt will

appear

on your

screen:

TRSDOS

Ready

Now,

you

can

type in a TRSDOS

command.

7.

To start

BASIC,

type:

BASIC

(ENTER)

and

you see

the BASIC

prompt:

Ready

represents

a value that

you supply.

Information within

brackets

is optional.

Now,

you can type in a BASIC

command.

This Quick

Reference

Guide is

divided into two

sections:

TRSDOS and

BASIC.

Information

which

is non-shaded

(like this)

pertains to:

•

TRSDOS

intermediate

commands

and utilities

•

BASIC

statements

Information

which is shaded

like

this pertains to:

•

TRSDOS

advanced

commands

and utilities

•

BASIC functions

Commands

and

Utilities

Those

parts

of

the

command

line

that

you

must

enter

are

hiahliqhted.

Information

that

is

upper-case

should

be

typed

in

exactly

as

is.

Information

that

is

lower-case

represents

a

value

that

you

supply.

Information

within

brackets

is

optional.

APPEND

source

[TO]

destination

[(ECHO.STRIP)]

Adds

one

disk

file

onto

the

end

of

another.

ATTRIB

iile

(USER

= "password"OWNER

=

"password"

PROT

=

level,

VIS.INV)

Changes

the

protection

of a

file.

The

/eve

_can

be

EXEC

READ

UPDATE,

WRITE,

RENAME,

REMOVE,

or

FULL.

,,..,..

„

ATTRIB

CUSTFILE/DATsi

(USER=

>

OWNER="BOSSMAN"

,PROT

= READ

tVIS)

ATTRIB

[drive]

(LOCK,UNLOCK,MPW

=

"password",

NAME

=

"disk

name",

PW

=

["password"])

Changes

the

protection

of

files

on

a

drive

n

ATTRIB

-.1

(NAME="DATA"

,PW="SECRET

.

MPW="BOSSMAN"

)

AUTO

[drive,

?;drive,

=

drive]

[*]

[command

line]

Stores

a

command

line

for

automatic

execution

each

time

TRSDOS

starts

up.

(AUTO

by

itself

deletes

the

current

AUTO

command

line.)

AUTO

BASIC

AUTO

*D0

INIT/JCL.l

BACKUP

[filel

source

drive

[TO]

destination

drive

5MPW

=

1

?assword",SYS,INV,MOD,QUERY

=

YES,OLD,

NEW,

X,

DATE

=

"date")]

Duplicates

a

system

or

data

diskette,

(file

can

be

a

partial

name.)

BACKUP

;

si

BACKUP

(MOD.

QUERY,

MPW=

"

SECRET

"

BOOT

[

(CLEAR

)-

(ENTER

), 3D]

Resets

the

system.

BOOT

BUILD

iile

[(HEXAPPEND)]

xocnnQ

Creates

an

input

file

for

JCL,

KSM,

and

other

TRSDOS

commands.

BUILD

MYPROGA/FI>(;0

BUILD

DISPLAY/BLD

(HEX)

CLICK/FLT

SET

device

[TO]

CLICK/FLT

FILTER

*KI

device

Establishes

the

key-click

filter.

II

COM/DVR

SET

*CL [TO]

COM/DVR

Prepares

the

Communications

Line

(*CL) for

use.

COMM

device[(XLATES

=X'aabb',XLATER

=X'aabb',

XON -

X'cc', XOFF

=

X'cc', NULL

=

OFF)]

Lets

two

computers

communicate

via

a

device.

CONV

[ffie]:source

drive

[:destination

drive]

[(VIS,

INV,

SYS, NEW,

OLD,

QUERY

=

NODIR)]

Converts

files from

a TRSDOS

1.3

(Model

III) diskette

onto

a TRSDOS

Version

6 formatted

diskette,

(file

can

be

a partial

name.)

CONY

:1

;0

<0IS,Q=N0>

COPY

source

[TO]

destination

[(LRL

=

nnn,

CLONE

=

NO,

ECHOX)]

Copies

data

from

one

file or

device

to another.

COPY

TEST/DAT

TO :

1

COPY

*KI

TO

*PR

(ECHO)

CREATE

file

[(LRL

=

number,

REC

=

number,

SIZE

=

number)]

Creates

a file and

reserves

space on

the disk

for

future

use.

CREATE

INVENT/DAT

(SIZE=20)

DATE

[mmydd/yy]

Sets

or

displays

the

current

date.

DATE

08/09/82

DATE

DEBUG

[(ON,

OFF)]

[(EXT)]

Sets

up the debug

monitor

for

testing

and

debugging

machine-language

programs.

DEBUG

(OFF)

DEVICE

[(D =

NQB

=

YES,S

=

NO,P

=

YES)]

Displays

the

current

status of

each

drive

and the

options

in

use.

DEVICE

(B=YES)

DIR

[file]

[:

drive]

[(ALL,INV,M0d,NON,PRT,

SYS,

DATE

=

"date','

SORT

=

NO)]

Lists

the

Directory

full— can't

extend file

Copy files to

new

disk

17

X'11'

Directory read

error Try

another drive

or

disk

18

X'12'

Directory write error

Try another

disk

27

X'1B'

Disk space

full Write

file

to

a disk

with more

available

space

28

X'1C

End

of file

encountered

Check

for error in

program

63

Extended error Error code

is in HL

register

25

X'19'

File access denied Use

correct pass-

word; use

no pass-

word for unprotected

file

41

X'29'

File

already open Use

RESET

to

close

the file

24

X'18'

File not in directory Check

spelling of

filespec

38

X'26'

File not open Open file before

access

20

X'14'

GAT read error Try another drive

21

X'15'

GAT write error Try another drive or

disk

22

X'16'

HIT read error Try another drive

1Q

23

X'

17'

HIT write

error Try another drive or

disk

37

X'25'

Illegal access

attempted to pro-

tected file

OWNER password is

required

for the

requested

access

32

X'20'

Illegal drive number Drive is not

in system

or not ready

for

access

19

X'13'

Illegal file name Use proper filespec

syntax

16

X'10'

Illegal logical file

number

Check for error in

program

34

X'22'

Load file format error Attempt

was made to

load a non-program

file

3

X'03'

Lost data during read Try another drive or

disk

11

X'OB'

Lost data during

write

Try another

drive or

disk

42

X'2A'

LRL open fault

COPY file to

another

file that has the spec-

ified

LRL

33

X'21'

No device space

available

REMOVE non-

system devices to

provide

more space

26

X'lA'

No directory space

available

Use a different

disk

or REMOVE

unwanted files

X'OO'

No error Check for error in

program

1

X'or

Parity error

during

header read

Try another drive or

disk

9

X'C)9'

Parity error during

header write

Try another drive or

disk

4

X'04'

Parity error during

read

Try another drive or

disk

12

X'OC

Parity error during

write

Try another drive or

disk

31

X'1F'

Program not found Check

spelling of

filespec; check for

proper disk in drive

40

X'28'

Protected system

device

System devices can-

not

be

REMOVEd

29 Record number out

X'lD'

of range

Provide correct

record

number or try

another copy

of the

file

14

2

X'02'

Seek error during

read

Set step rate with

SYSTEM command

or try another

drive or

disk

10

X'OA'

Seek

error during

write

Set step rate with

SYSTEM command

or try another drive

or

disk

—

Unknown error code Check for error

in

program

14

X'OE'

Write fault on

disk

drive

Try another disk or

drive

15

X'OE'

Write protected

disk Remove write-

protect tab or write

enable disk using

SYSTEM command

15

BASIC

Statements

and

Functions

Terms:

integer:

A

whole

number

from

-

32768

to

32767

string:

a

sequence

of

characters

which

is

to be

taken

verbatim

dummy

number

or dummy

string:

a number

or string

used in

an expression

to

meet

syntactic

requirements,

but whose

value is

insignificant.

ABS

(number)

Computes

the

absolute

value

of

number.

Y

=

ABS(X)

ASC

(string)

Returns

the ASCII

code

for

the first

character

of

string.

PRINT

ASC

("A")

ATN

(number)

Computes

the

arctangent

of number,

returns

the

value

in

radians.

Y

=

ATN(X/3)

AUTO

[line]

[.increment]

Autom

atical ly

generates

line

numbers

every

time

you

press

(

enter)

. AUTO

begins

numbering

at line

and

displays

the next

line

using

increment.

AUTO

1000,

100

AUTO

,

5

CALL

address

[parameter

list]

Transfers

program

control

to

an

assembly-language

subroutine

stored

at

address.

The

parameter

list

contains

the

values

to be

passed

to

the

external

subroutine.

CDBL

(number)

Converts

number

to

double

precision.

Y«

=

CDBL(N*3)

CHRS (code)

Returns

the

corresponding

character

of

the

ASCII

or

control

code.

PRINT

CHR$(35)

17

CHAIN

[MERGE]

Mespec

[.line]

[ALL] [.DELETE

line

-

line]

Loads

a BASIC

program

named

filespec,

chains

it to

a

"main"

program,

and begins

running

it. The

line is

the

first

line

to be run

in

the CHAINed

program.

The

ALL

option

passes every

variable

in the main

program to

the

CHAINed

program.

The

MERGE

option

"overlays"

the

lines

of filespec

with the main

program.

The

DELETE

option erases

lines

in the

overlay

so that

you

can

MERGE

in

a new overlay.

CINT(fl

umber)

Converts

number

to

integer

representation.

PRINT

CINTU7.G5)

CLEAR

[.memory

location]

[.stack

space]

Clears

the value

of all variables

and

closes all

open

files.

Optionally,

it also

sets the

highest

memory

location

for

BASIC

and the

amount of

stack

space.

CLEAR

CLEAR,

75

CLEAR,

G1000,

20E

CLOSE

buffer,...

Closes

access

to a file.

The

buffer

number

(the same

used

to OPEN

the file)

may

be from

1

to 15.

CLOSE

1,2,8

CLOSE

FIRSTX +

COUNT'*.

CLS

Clears

the screen.

CLS

COMMON

variable,...

Passes

one or more

variables

to a CHAINed

program.

100 COMMON

A

,

B

, C ,

D( ) , G*

110 CHAIN

"PR0G3"

,

10

CONT

Resumes

execution

of a program

when it

has been

stopped

by the

( break) key or

by a STOP

or an END

statement

in

the program.

CONT

COS

(number)

Computes

the cosine

of number.

Y

=

C0S(X

*

.01745323)

CSNG

(number)

Converts

number

to single precision.

CSNG(

.1453885509)

CVt>(8-byte

string)

Restores the

string

value

to

a numeric

value.

A* =

COD

(GR0S5PAY*)

18

CVI

(2-byte string)

Restores

the string value

to a numeric value.

CVS

(4-byte

siring)

Restores

the string value

to a numeric

value.

DATA

constant,...

Stores

numeric and string

constants

to be accessed

by

a READ

statement.

1340

DATA NEW

YORK. CHICAGO, LOS

ANGELES,

PHILADELPHIA,

DETROIT

1350 DATA 2.72,

3.14159, 0.0174533,

57.29578

DATES

Returns

today's

date.

PRINT

DATE*

DEFDBL/INT/SNG/STR

DEFDBL

letter ,.,

.

DEFINT

letter:

DEFSNG

letter:

DEFSTR

letten

Defines

any

variables beginning

with the letter(s)

as:

(DBL)

double precision,

(INT) integer,

(SNG) single

precision,

or (STR)

string.

10 DEFDBL

L-P 10

DEFINT I-N,

W, Z

10

DEFSNG

I, Q-T 10 DEFSTR

A

DEF

FN iunction

name

[(argument....')]

=

function

definition

Defines function

name

according

to function

definition.

The

argument represents

those variables

in

the function

definition

that are to be replaced

when the

function

is called.

DEF

FNR=RND(90)+9

DEFUSR [digit]

=

address

Defines

the starting

address for

digit assembly-

language

subroutines.

DEFUSR3

=

&H7D00

DEFUSR

=

(BASE

+

IB)

DELETE

linel

-

line2

Deletes

from

linel

to Iine2 of a program

in memory.

DELETE

70

DELETE 50-110

DELETE

DIM array

(dimension(s)),

array (dimension(s)),...

Sets aside

storage for

the arrays with

the

dimensions

you

specify.

DIM

AR(100)

DIM L1I(B,25)

19

EDIT

line

tnters

the

edit mode

so that

you can

edit line

EDIT

100

EDIT

END

Ends

execution

of a program.

END

EOF(buiter)

Detects

the

end

of a

file.

IF

EOF(i)

THEN

GOTO

1540

ERASE

array,...

Erases

one or

more

arrays

from

a program.

ERASE

C.F

EEL

Returns

the

line

number

in which

an error

has

occurred.

PRINT

ERL

E

=

ERL

ERR

Returns

the error

code (if

an error

has

occurred).

IF

ERR =

7 THEN

1000

ELSE

2000

iuKKv

Returns

a system error

number

and message.

PRINT

"THE

LATEST

TRSDOS

ERROR

IS

"5

ERR*

ERROR

code

Simulates

the

error

associated

with

code

during

program

execution.

ERROR

1

EXP

(number)

Calculates

the natural

exponential

of

number.

PRINT

EXP<-2)

FIELD

butter,

length

AS

Held name,...

Divides

a

direct-access

buffer

into

one

or more

fields.

Each

field

is

identified

by

the field

name

and is

the

length

you specify.

FIELD

3, 128

AS

A* , 128

AS

B*

FIX

(number)

Returns

the

truncated

integer of

number.

PRINT

FIX(2.B)

20

FOR/NEXT

FOR

variable

=

initial value TO iinal

value [STEP

increment

Establishes

a

program

loop.

20 FOR

H=l TO 2 STEP

-2

FEE

(dummy

number)

Returns

the amount

of free memory

space.

PRINT FRE<44)

FEE

(dummy

string)

Returns

the amount of free

string space.

PRINT

FRE<"44">

GET

buffer [.record

number]

Gets

a record from

a direct

disk file and places it in

a

buffer.

GET

i GET

t f 25

GOSUB

line

Goes

to a subroutine,

beginning

at the

specified line.

GOSUB

1000

GOTO line

Goes

to

the specified

line.

GOTO

100

HEX$ (number)

Calculates

the

hexadecimal

value of number.

PRINT

HEX$(30),

HEX* (50),

HEX*<90>

IF..

.THEN..

.ELSE

IF

expression THEN

statement(s)

or line ELSE

[statement(s)]

or [line]

Tests

a conditional

expression

and makes

a decision

regarding

program

flow.

IF

X > 127

THEN

PRINT

"OUT

OF

RANGE"

: END

IF A

< B

THEN PRINT

"A < B" ELSE

PRINT

"B < A"

INKEY$

Returns

a keyboard

character.

A*

=

INKEY*

INP(porf)

Returns

the

byte read

from a

port. Port

may

be any

integer

from

to

255.

100

A=INP(255)

21

INPUTS

(number

[.butter])

Inputs

a string

of number

characters

from

either

the

keyboard

or a

sequential

disk file.

The number

must be

a value

from

1

to 255.

A$

= INPUT$(5)

A$

=

INPUT$(11,3>

INPUT

["prompt

string";]

variable

I,

variable2....

Inputs

data

to

a program

during

execution.

INPUT

\'Z

INPUT#

butter,

variable,...

Inputs

data from

a sequential

disk file

into

one or more

variables.

INPUTS

, A,

B

INPUT**4,

A$ ,

B$

, C$

WSTR([integer],stringl.

string

2)

Searches

for

the

first occurrence

of

string

2 in string

1

and

returns

the

position

at which the

match

is found.

INSTR(A*.

"12")

im(number)

Converts

number

to integer

value.

PRINT

INT<79,89>

LEVT$(string,

integer)

Returns

all

characters

left

of position

integer

in the

string.

PRINT

LEFT$<

"BATTLESHIPS"

,

B)

LEN(string)

Returns

the

number

of characters

in

string.

X

=

LEN(SENTENCE$>

KILL

filespec

from

the disk.

KILL

"FILE/BAS"

KILL

"DATA:2"

LET

variable

=

expression

Assigns

the

value

of expression

to

variable.

LET

A$

=

"A ROSE

IS

A ROSE"

LET

Bl

=

1.23

LINE

INPUT[;]

[prompt

message;]

string

variable

Inputs

a line

from

the keyboard.

LINE

INPUT

A$

LINE

INPUT#

butter, variable

Reads

a line

of data from

a

sequential-access

file

into

a string

variable.

The

buffer

is the number

used when

the file

was

OPENed.

LINE

INPUT**

1

, A$

22

LIST

[startline]

-

[endline]

Lists

program lines

to

the display.

LIST 50

LIST

50-85

LIST-227

LLIST

[startline]

-

[endline]

Lists program

lines

to

the line printer.

LLIST 780

LLIST

50-

LLIST.

LOAD

filespec

[R]

Loads filespec,

a BASIC program, into

memory. If R is

used, the program is

RUN automatically.

LOAD

"PR0G1/BAS:2"

LOAD

"PR0G1/BAS"

LOC buffer

Returns the

current record

number.

IF L0C(1)>55

THEN END

LOF

buffer

Returns

the end-of-file record number.

Y

=

L0F(5)

LOG(number)

Computes

the natural logarithm of number.

PRINT

LOGO,

14159)

Z

=

10*LOG(PS/P1)

LPOS

(number)

Returns the position

of the line printer's print

head

within

the line printer's

buffer.

100

IF LPOS(X) >G0THEN PRINT CHR$(13)

LPRINT

data...

Prints

data at the printer.

LPRINT

(A

*

2)/3

LPRINT USING

format; data,...

Prints

data at line printer, using

a

specified

format.

LPRINT

USING

"####,#";

2,17

LSET

field name

=

data

Sets

dafa in a direct-access

buffer field name. The

data is left-justified.

LSET

NM$

=

"JIM CRICKET, JR."

MEM

Returns

the amount of

memory.

PRINT

MEM

23

MERGE

filespec

Loads

filespec,

a BASIC

program,

and

merges

it

with

the

program

currently

in

memory.

MERGE

"PR0G2/TXT"

MIDS

(old

string,

position,

length)

=

replacement

string

Replaces

a

portion

of

old

string

with

replacement

string.

MID$

(A$,

3,

4)

= "12345";

PRINT

A$

MID$

(string,

integer

[,number])

Returns

a

subsf. ing

ot

the

string,

beginning

with

the

integei

oharacfer.

Number

is

the

number

of

characters

to

include

in

the

substring.

MID$

<A*»

3.

2)

MKD$(integer

expression)

Converts

integer

expression

to a string

value

and

returns

the

8-byte string.

MKl$(single-precision

expression

Converts

single-precision

expression

to

a string

value

and

returns

the

2-byte

string.

MKS$(doufafe-preefeio

text

ression)

Converts

double-precision

expression

to

a string

value

and

returns

the

4-byte

string.

NAME

old

filespec

AS

new

filespec

Renames

old

filespec

as

new

filespec.

NAME

"FILE"

AS

"FILE/OLD"

NEW

Erases

a

program

from

memory

and

clears

all

variables.

NEW

OCT$(number)

Computes

the

octal

value

of

number.

PRINT

OCT$(30)

, OCT*

(50)

,

OCT$<90)

ON

ERROR

GOTO

line

Goes

to

a

subroutine

at

the

line

specified

by

the

value

of

number.

10 ON

ERROR

GOTO

1500

ON

expression

GOSUB

line,...

Goes

to

a

subroutine

at the

line

specified

by

the

value

of

expression

ON

L-l

GOSUB

1000,

2000,

3000

24

ON expression GOTO line, line...

Goes to the line

specified by the

value of

expression.

ON X GOTO 190, 200,

210

OPEN mode, butter, filespec

[.record

length]

Opens a disk file

in the specified

mode. (O for

sequential output, I for

sequential input, D or

R for

direct input/output, and E for

sequential

extend).

OPEN

"0"

> 1

>

"CLIENTS/TXT"

OPEN "D" »

5, "TESTED/BAS" ,

64

OPTION BASE n

Sets n as the minimum

value for an

array subscript.

OPTION BASE

1

OUT port data

byte

Sends data byte to a

machine output port.

100

OUT 32,100

ftEK(memory

location)

Returns

a

byte

from memory location.

A

=

PEEK (&H5A00)

POKE memory

location, data byte

Writes a data byte

into

memory location.

10 POKE 153G0,

131

tOS(number)

Returns the

position of the cursor. Number

is a dummy

argument.

PRINT TAB!40) POS(0)

PRINT

@

location,

PRINT

@

(row,

column).

Specifies

where printing

is to

begin.

PRINT TAB(n)

Moves the cursor to the n

position on the

current line

(or

on succeeding lines if you

specify TAB

positions

greater than 79).

PRINT

TAB(5)

"TABBED 5"

TAB(25) "TABBED

25"

PRINT# butter, iteml, item 2,...

Prints

data items

in

a

sequential disk file.

PRINTai

» A

,B

PUT butter [, record]

Puts

a

record in

a

direct-access file. Buffer

is the

number used to OPEN

the file.

PUT

1 PUT 1 ,

25

RANDOM

Reseeds

the

random

number

generator.

RANDOM

READ

variable

1, variable2

Reads

values

from

a DATA

statement

and

assigns

them

to

variables,

READ

T READ

S$ . T

» U

REM

Inserts

a

remark

line

into

a program

and

instructs

the

computer

to ignore

the rest

of the

program

line.

2000

INPUT

A

:REM

INPUT

SINGLE-PRECISION

RENUM

new

line,

line

[.increment]

Renumbers

a program,

starting

at

the specified

line

and

numbering

it

as

new line. The

optional increment

sets

the increment

to

be used between

each line

number.

RENUM

G000

, 5000,

100

RESTORE

line

Restores

a program's

access

to previously

read

DATA

statements.

RESTORE

RESUME

[line]

RESUME

program

execution

after

an error-handling

routine

has

been

performed.

RESUME

line

causes

BASIC

to

branch

to the

specified

line. RESUME

to branch

to the

statement

following

the

point

at

which

the error

occurred.

RESUME

10 RESUME

Returns

control

to the line

immediately

following

the

most

recently

executed

GOSUB.

RETURN

RIGHT$(sfring,

number)

Returns

the last

number

characters

of

the string.

PRINT

RIGHT*("WATERMELON"

, 5)

KND(number)

Generates

a

pseudorandom

number

between

and

the

number.

The

number must

be greater

than

and

less

than

32768.

A

= RND(2)

A

=

RND(45)

PRINT

RND(0)

26

ROW (number)

Returns the row position of

the cursor.

Number is a

dummy argument.

X

=

ROW(Y)

ROVf(number)

Returns the row

position of the cursor.

Number is

a

dummy

argument.

X

=

ROW(Y)

RSET field name

=

data

Places dafa in a direct-access

buffer field name.

RSET NM$

=

"JIM

CRICKET, JR."

RUN [line] RUN tilespec [,R]

RUN or RUN line runs the

program that is in

memory.

RUN filespec loads a

program from

disk, then runs it.

RUN

"PROGRAM/A" RUN

"EDITDATA", R

SAVE tilespec

[A]

[-P]

Saves a program in a

disk under filespec.

A causes

the file to be stored in

ASCII format.

P causes the

file

to be stored

in an encoded binary

format.

SAVE

"FILE1/BAS, J0HNQD0E:3"

SAVE

"MATHPAK/TXT" , A

SGN (number)

Determines

number's sign. If number

is positive, SGN

returns 1 . If it is

negative, SGN

returns

-

1.

If it is zero,

SGN

returns 0.

Y

=

SGN (A

*

B)

SlN(number)

Computes the sine of

number; the number must be

in

radians.

PRINT SIN(7.9G)

SPACES$(num£>er)

Returns

a string of number

spaces. The number must

be from to

255.

PRINT "DESCRIPTION" SPACESM)

SVC(number)

Prints a line of number blanks.

The number must be

from to 255.

PRINT "HELLO"

SPCU5) "THERE"

SQR(n

umber)

Calculates the square root of

number.

PRINT S0R< 155.7)

27

STOP

Stops program execution.

STOP

STRING$(num£>er,

character)

Returns

a string of

the

specified number of characters.

The number

must be from to

255. The character is

a

string or an ASCII code.

B*

=

STRINGS (25, "X")

PRINT STRING<50, 10)

STR$(numb&r)

Converts number into

a

string. If the number is

positive. SIRS places

a

faiank before the string.

SWAP

variable 1, variable2

Exchanges

the values of two variables.

SWAP

Fl*t)

F2*

SYSTEM

[command]

Returns

to

TRSDOS.

If you

specify

a command,

TRSDOS executes

it and returns you to BASIC.

SYSTEM

SYSTEM "DIR"

TAB

(number)

Spaces

to

position number on the

display. The number

must

be

from

to

255.

PRINT

A*

TAB(25) B*

Tkn(number)

Computes the tangent of number.

The number must

be

in radians. If it

is

in degrees,

use TAN (number

*

.

1

1 745329). The result is always single

precision.

PRINT TAN(7.96)

TIMES

Returns the time (in

24-hour format).

AS

=

TIME$

TROFF

Turns

off the trace function.

TROFF

TRON

Turns

on the trace

function (to follow program flow).

TRON

VSR[digit] (expression)

Calls the user's

assembly-language

subroutine

identified

by digit and passes

the result of expression.

X

=

USR5(Y)

OP.

VAL(string)

Calculates the

numeric value

of string.

VAL

terminates

its

evaluation on the

first

character that

has

no

meaning in a

numeric term.

PRINT

UAL

("100

DOLLARS"

)

VARPTR

variable

or butter

Returns the

absolute

memory

address.

When used

with a

variable,

VARPTR

returns the

address

of the

first byte

of data

identified

with

variable.

When used

with a

buffer, it

returns

the

address of the

file's data

buffer.

Y

=

USRKUARPTR(X))

WAIT

port

integer;

[,integer2]

Suspends

program

execution

until a

machine

input

port

develops a

specified bit

pattern.

100

NAIT 32»2

WHILE

expression

WEND

Executes a

series of

statements

in a

loop as

long as a

given

condition is

true.

WHILE. ,

.WEND

WRITE data...

Prints data

on the

display.

WRITE

A.B.C$

WRITE#

butter,

data,...

Writes

data to a

sequential file.

WRITEsl . A$ ,B$

Control

Keys

Command

Mode

d)

or

Backspaces

the

cursor,

erasing

the

(EffiDCE)

preceding

character

in

the line.

dESEBffi) Enters

a blank

space

character

and

advances

the cursor

one

space.

(BBSS)

Interrupts

line

entry

and

starts

over

with

a new

line.

(EffiDGD Line

feed

—Starts

a new

physical

lihe

without

ending

the

current

logical

line.

(SEED®

or

Switches

to

either

all upper

case

or all

(MPS lower

case.

(ESSE) Ends

and

enters

the current

logical

line.

Execution

Mode

Pauses

execution.

Press

any

other

key

(except

(break)

)

to

continue.

Terminates

execution

and

returns

to

command

mode.

Interprets

data

entered

from

the

keyboard

with

the

INPUT

statement.

Operators

Each

operator

or group

of operators

is

precedent

over

the

group

below

it.

(

)

(Parentheses)

A

(Exponentiation)

+

.

~

(Unary

negative,

positive)

V

(Multiplication,

division)

\

(Integer

division)

MOD

(Modulus)

+

.

-

(Addition,

subtraction)

>,<,

=

,<

=,>=

,<>

(Relational

tests)

NOT

AND

OR

XOR

EQV

IMP

31

Edit

Commands

(B

n(B

ACKSPACE)

n(E)

n(B

CD

(ENTER)

(ESC)

I)

n(S)c

D

CD

n(S)c

ndPACEBAR)

Moves

the

cursor

to

the

beginning

of

the

line

and

cancels

editing

changes.

Moves

the

cursor

n

spaces

to

the

left. If

no n

is

given,

moves

cursor

one

space

to the

left.

Lets

you

change

n

characters,

beginning

at

the current

cursor

position.

Deletes

n

characters

to the

right

of

the

cursor.

Ends

editing

and

saves

all

changes.

Records

all

changes

and

exits edit

mode.

Escapes

from

an insert

subcommand

(I,

H,

orX).

Deletes

the rest

of

a line

and

lets

you

insert

material

at the

current

cursor

position.

Lets

you

insert

material

at the

current

cursor

position.

Deletes

all

characters

up

to the

nth

occurrence

of

character

c and

moves

the

cursor

to

that

position.

Lists

the line.

Quits

edit

mode

and

cancels

all

changes.

Searches

for

nth

occurrence

of

character

c and

moves

the

cursor

to

that

position.

Moves

the

cursor

n

spaces

to

the right.

Displays

the rest

of

the

line

and lets

you

add

material

at

the end.

Special

Characters

D

E

(apostrophe)

Abbreviation

for

:REM.

(comma)

PRINT

punctuation;

spaces

over

to the

PRINT

zone.

PRINT

punctuation;

separates

items

in

a PRINT

list

but

does not

add

spaces

when

they

are

output.

Separates

statements

on the

same

line.

Indicates

current

line;

use

with

EDIT

and

LIST

commands.

Used

in

double-precision

exponential

notation.

Used

in

single-precision

exponential

notation.

Makes

variable

integer-precision.

Makes

variable

single-precision.

Makes

variable

double-precision.

Makes

variable

string

type.

T5

Error

Messages

Code

Abbreviation

Explanation

1

NF NEXT

without

FOR

2

SN

Syntax error

3

RG

Return

without

GOSUB

4

OD

Out of data

5

FC

Illegal function

call

6

OV

Overflow

7

OM Out of

memory

8

UL

Undefined line

9

BS

Subscript

out

of

range

10

DD

Redimensioned

array

11

/O

Division

by zero

12

ID Illegal

direct

13

TM

Type mismatch

14

OS

Out of string

space

15

LS

String

too long

16

ST

String formula

too

complex

17

CN

Can't continue

18

UF

Undefined user

function

19

No RESUME

20

RESUME without error

.

21

Unprintable

error

22

Missing

operand |

23

Line buffer overflow

26

FOR

without NEXT

29

WHILE

without WEND

30

WEND

without WHILE

Disk

Errors

50

Field

overflow

51

Internal error

52

Bad file

number

53

File not

found

54

Bad file mode

55

File

already

open

57

Device

I/O error

58

File

already exists

61

Disk full

62

Input

past end

63

Bad

record number

64

Bad file

name

66

Direct

statement

in file

67

Too many

files

Internal Codes

Keyword Code

ABS 65414

IMP

252

AND 248

IN KEYS

224

ASC

65429

INP

65424

ATN

65422

INPUT 133

AUTO

171

INSTR

219

CALL 182

INT

65413

CDBL 65438

KILL 200

CHAIN

185

LEFTS

65409

CHR$

65430

LEN

65426

CINT 65436

LET

136

CLEAR

146

LINE

177

CLOSE 195

LIST

147

CLS 159

LLIST 158

COMMON

184

LOAD

196

CONT 153

LOC

65454

COS

65420 LOF

65455

CSNG

65437 LOG

65418

CVD

65452

LPOS

65435

CVI

65450

LPRINT

157

CVS 65451

LSET

201

DATA 132

MEM

225

DATES

222

MERGE

197

DEF

151

MID$

65411

DEFDBL

176

MKDS

6545E

DEFINT 174

MOD

253

DEFSNG 175

NAME

199

DEFSTR 173

NEW

148

DELETE 170

DIM

134 NOT

214

EDIT

167

OCT$

65433

ELSE 162

ON

149

END

129

OPEN

191

EOF

65453

OPTION

186

EQV 251

OR

249

ERASE

166

OUT

156

ERL 215

PEEK

65431

ERR

216

POKE

152

ERROR 168

POS

65425

ERRS$ 223

PRINT 145

EXP

65419

PUT

194

FIELD

192

RANDOM

187

FIX 65439

READ

135

FN 212 REM

143

FOR 130

RENUM

172

FRE 65423 RESTORE

140

GET 193

RESUME

169

GOSUB 141

RETURN 142

GOTO 137

RIGHTS 65410

HEX$ 65434 RND

65416

IF 139 ROW

65459

RSET 202

TRON

163

RUN 138

USING 218

SAVE

203

USR

211

SGN 65412 VAL

65428

Q7

SIN

65417

VARPTR

221

SOUND

205

WAIT

150

SPACES

65432

WEND

181

SPC

213

WHILE

180

SQR

65415

WIDTH

161

STEP

210

WRITE

183

STOP

144

XOR

250

STR$

65427

+

243

STRINGS

217

—

244

SWAP

165 *

245

SYSTEM

189

/

246

TAB

209

"

247

TAN

65421

\

254

THEN

208

'

220

TIMES

226 >

240

TO

207

=

241

TROFF

164

<

242

38

Radio Shack 4 Quick Reference

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual