RAD Data comm IPmux-16 User Manual
IPmux-16
TDMoIP Gateway
Installation and Operation Manual
Notice
This manual contains information that is proprietary to RAD Data Communications. No part of this
publication may be reproduced in any form whatsoever without prior written approval by RAD Data
Communications.
No representation or warranties for fitness for any purpose other than what is specifically mentioned in
this manual is made either by RAD Data Communications or its agents.
For further information contact RAD Data Communications at the address below or contact your local
distributor.
International Headquarters
RAD Data Communications Ltd.
24 Raoul Wallenberg St.
Tel Aviv 69719 Israel
Tel: 972-3-6458181
Fax: 972-3-6498250
E-mail: rad@rad.co.il
U.S. Headquarters
RAD Data Communications Inc.
900 Corporate Drive
Mahwah, NJ 07430 USA
Tel: (201) 529-1100
Toll free: 1-800-444-7234
Fax: (201) 529-5777
E-mail: market@radusa.com
© 2001 RAD Data Communications Publication No. 118-200-10/01
Warranty
This RAD product is warranted against defects in material and workmanship for a period of one year
from date of shipment. During the warranty period, RAD will, at its option, either repair or replace
products which prove to be defective. For warranty service or repair, this product must be returned to
a service facility designated by RAD. Buyer shall prepay shipping charges to RAD and RAD shall pay
shipping charges to return the product to Buyer. However, Buyer shall pay all shipping charges, duties
and taxes for products returned to RAD from another country.
Limitation of Warranty
The foregoing warranty shall not apply to defects resulting from improper or inadequate maintenance
by Buyer, Buyer-supplied firmware or interfacing, unauthorized modification or misuse, operation
outside of the environmental specifications for the product, or improper site preparation or
maintenance.
Exclusive Remedies
The remedies provided herein are the Buyer’s sole and exclusive remedies. RAD shall not be liable for
any direct, indirect special, incidental, or consequential damages, whether based on contract, tort, or
any legal theory.
Regulatory Information
FCC-15 User Information
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits of the Class A digital device,
pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection
against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This
equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in
accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to the radio communications.
Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case
the user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense.
Safety Warnings
The exclamation point within a triangle is intended to warn the operator
or service personnel of operation and maintenance factors relating to the
product and its operating environment which could pose a safety hazard.
Always observe standard safety precautions during installation, operation and maintenance of this
product. Only a qualified and authorized service personnel should carry out adjustment, maintenance
or repairs to this instrument. No adjustment, maintenance or repairs should be performed by either the
operator or the user.
Telecommunication Safety
The safety status of each of the ports on IPmux-16 is declared according to EN 41003 and is detailed
in the table below:
Safety Status Ports
SELV LAN, Unbalanced E1
TNV-1 Balanced E1, T1
SELV = Safety Extra-Low Voltage
TNV-1 = Telecommunications Network Voltage within the limits of SELV and subject to overvoltages
Contents
Chapter 1. Introduction
1.1 Overview .......................................................................................................... 1-1
Versions...................................................................................................................1-1
Applications.............................................................................................................1-1
Features...................................................................................................................1-3
1.2 Physical Description.......................................................................................... 1-5
Front Panel..............................................................................................................1-6
Rear Panel...............................................................................................................1-6
1.3 Functional Description ...................................................................................... 1-6
Operation Modes ....................................................................................................1-7
Testing.....................................................................................................................1-7
Timing Modes..........................................................................................................1-7
Frame Format ..........................................................................................................1-9
Packet Delay Variation...........................................................................................1-11
PDVT (Jitter) Buffer ................................................................................................1-12
Ethernet Throughput..............................................................................................1-13
Round Trip Delay ..................................................................................................1-14
Throughput Limitations and CAC ...........................................................................1-15
1.4 Technical Specifications .................................................................................. 1-16
E1 Modules ...........................................................................................................1-16
T1 Modules ...........................................................................................................1-16
Ethernet Modules ..................................................................................................1-17
Chapter 2. Installation
2.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................... 2-1
2.2 Site Requirements and Prerequisites.................................................................. 2-1
2.3 Package Contents.............................................................................................. 2-2
Power Cable............................................................................................................2-2
2.4 Equipment Needed........................................................................................... 2-2
2.5 Installation and Setup........................................................................................ 2-4
Setting Jumpers........................................................................................................2-4
Connecting Interfaces and Cables.............................................................................2-4
Chapter 3. Operation
3.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................... 3-1
3.2 Front Panel Controls, Connectors, and Indicators ............................................... 3-1
3.3 Operating Instructions ........................................................................................ 3-2
Turning IPmux-16 On – Without Control Terminal...................................................3-2
Turning IPmux-16 On – With Control Terminal........................................................3-3
Turning IPmux-16 Off..............................................................................................3-4
3.4 Getting Started ................................................................................................... 3-4
3.5 Menu Operations............................................................................................... 3-5
Navigating ...............................................................................................................3-5
Main Menu..............................................................................................................3-7
IPmux-16 Installation and Operation Manual i
Table of Contents
3.6 Configuring System Parameters .......................................................................... 3-7
Viewing System Information.....................................................................................3-7
3.7 Configuring IPmux-16 ...................................................................................... 3-10
General Configuration............................................................................................3-11
Time Slots Configuration........................................................................................3-32
Bundle Connection Configuration ..........................................................................3-34
Setting VLAN and IP Support .................................................................................3-36
Viewing Configuration Summary............................................................................3-37
Monitoring System Performance ............................................................................3-38
Bundle Connection Status......................................................................................3-44
Chapter 4. Troubleshooting and Diagnostics
4.1 Error Detection .................................................................................................4-1
Front Panel LEDs .....................................................................................................4-1
Working with the Alarm Buffer.................................................................................4-1
4.2 Troubleshooting ................................................................................................ 4-3
4.3 Diagnostic Tests ................................................................................................4-4
External Loop ..........................................................................................................4-4
Internal Loop...........................................................................................................4-4
T1 FDL Support.......................................................................................................4-5
T1 PRM Support......................................................................................................4-5
Appendix A. Boot Sequence for Downloading Software
Appendix B. SNMP Management
Appendix C. Telnet
Appendix D. TFTP Download Procedures
List of Figures
1-1. Multiplexing Voice and Data over Fast/Giga Ethernet Trunk....................................... 1-1
1-2. IP Based Metropolitan Area Network......................................................................... 1-2
1-3. IPmux-16 3-D View .................................................................................................. 1-5
1-4. IPmux-16 Point-to-Point Application .........................................................................1-6
1-5. Grooming of Timeslots from Remote Sites into a Single E1/T1 Port at Central Site..... 1-6
1-6. IPmux-16 in Loopback Timing Mode......................................................................... 1-8
1-7. IPmux-16 in Adaptive Timing Mode .......................................................................... 1-9
1-8. TDMoIP Frame Structure........................................................................................... 1-9
1-9. VLAN Tag Format.................................................................................................... 1-11
1-10. Packet Delay Variation ..........................................................................................1-12
2-1. Null Cable (CBL-DB-9/DB-9/NULL) Pin Shorts .......................................................... 2-3
2-2. IPmux-16 Front Panel................................................................................................ 2-4
2-3. IPmux-16 Rear Panel................................................................................................. 2-4
ii IPmux-16 Installation and Operation Manual
Table of Contents
3-1. IPmux-16 Front Panel LEDs ....................................................................................... 3-1
3-2. IPmux-16 Rear Panel Switch...................................................................................... 3-1
3-3. IPmux-16 Terminal Menu Tree.................................................................................. 3-6
3-4. Main Menu ...............................................................................................................3-7
3-5. System Menu ............................................................................................................ 3-8
3-6. General Information Window.................................................................................... 3-8
3-7. The Event Log Window .............................................................................................3-9
3-8. Logfile Events – Sample Menu ................................................................................... 3-9
3-9. Ping Dialog Box....................................................................................................... 3-10
3-10. Configuration Menu .............................................................................................. 3-11
3-11. General Configuration Menu ................................................................................. 3-11
3-12. The Management Configuration Menu ................................................................... 3-12
3-13. The Community Window ...................................................................................... 3-12
3-14. User Port Configuration Menu............................................................................... 3-13
3-15. The Manager List Window..................................................................................... 3-14
3-16. Default Gateway Menu ......................................................................................... 3-15
3-17. The Alarms Trap Mask Window............................................................................. 3-16
3-18. The ASCII Terminal Configuration Menu ...............................................................3-17
3-19. Time/Date Update Menu ...................................................................................... 3-18
3-20. The Software Download Upload Window ............................................................. 3-18
3-21. Download/Upload Using X-Modem Window ........................................................3-19
3-22. Download/Upload Using TFTP Window................................................................ 3-20
3-23. View Transfer Status Window................................................................................ 3-21
3-24. Reset Default Warning .......................................................................................... 3-22
3-25. File System Menu .................................................................................................. 3-22
3-26. Physical Layer Configuration Menu........................................................................ 3-24
3-27. LAN Physical Layer Configuration Menu................................................................ 3-24
3-28. E1/T1 Physical Layer Configuration Menu.............................................................. 3-26
3-29. E1 Physical Layer Configuration Menu................................................................... 3-26
3-30. T1 Physical Layer Configuration Menu.................................................................... 3-29
3-31. Time Slots Configuration Menu ............................................................................. 3-33
3-32. Bundle Connection Configuration ......................................................................... 3-34
3-33. System Configuration Menu .................................................................................. 3-36
3-34. Configuration Summary Screen ............................................................................. 3-37
3-35. Performance Monitoring Menu.............................................................................. 3-38
3-36. E1/T1 Statistics Menu ............................................................................................ 3-39
3-37. LAN Statistics Menu .............................................................................................. 3-43
3-38. IP Channel Status Menu ........................................................................................3-45
4-1. External Loop ............................................................................................................ 4-4
4-2. Internal Loop.............................................................................................................4-5
IPmux-16 Installation and Operation Manual iii
Table of Contents
List of Tables
1-1. Ethernet Frame Structure......................................................................................... 1-10
1-2. UDP Source Port as Destination Voice Port ............................................................. 1-11
1-3. Ethernet Throughput – Unframed E1 ....................................................................... 1-13
1-4. Ethernet Throughput – Unframed T1 ....................................................................... 1-14
1-5. System Usage for TDM Bytes per Frame .................................................................. 1-15
2-1. Null Cable Pinout Connections.................................................................................. 2-3
2-2. E1/T1 Port Connectors Pinout.................................................................................... 2-5
2-3. Ethernet Port Pinout .................................................................................................. 2-5
2-4. Alarm Connector Pinout ............................................................................................ 2-6
3-1. IPmux-16 System Indicators and Switches ................................................................. 3-2
3-2. IPmux-16 Alarms..................................................................................................... 3-16
3-3. E1/T1 Alarms and Statistics ......................................................................................3-40
3-4. LAN Statistics........................................................................................................... 3-44
3-5. IP Channel Status .................................................................................................... 3-45
4-1. Event Types...............................................................................................................4-2
4-2. IPmux-16 Troubleshooting Chart ............................................................................... 4-3
iv IPmux-16 Installation and Operation Manual
Chapter 1
Introduction
1.1 Overview
IPmux-16 is a modular TDMoIP gateway. IPmux-16 modules enable up to 16 E1
or T1 circuits to be extended over IP networks. The device converts the data
stream coming from the E1 or T1 ports into configurable-sized IP packets that are
transported over the Ethernet port and vice versa. IPmux-16 offers end-to-end
synchronization for TDM applications and large buffers, to compensate for the
delay variation inserted by the network. The device can be used to extend E1 or
T1 services over high speed IP/Ethernet backbones for both Metropolitan Area
Network and corporate applications. IPmux-16 can be managed locally via an
ASCII terminal or remotely via Telnet or RADview (RAD’s SNMP-based network
management application).
Versions
Applications
PBX
IPmux-16 with an E1 interface: 4, 8 12 or 16 ports
Balanced line with an RJ-45 connector
Unbalanced line with a mini-coaxial connector
IPmux-16 with a T1 interface: 4, 8 12 or 16 ports
Balanced line with an RJ-45 connector
Two typical IPmux-16 applications are shown in Figure 1-1 and Figure 1-2.
IPmux-16IPmux-16
100BaseT100BaseT
Router
Worksta tion
Gigabit Ethernet
Switch
1 Gbps
Gigabit Ethernet
Switch
Worksta tion
PBX
Worksta tion
Router
Figure 1-1. Multiplexing Voice and Data over Fast/Giga Ethernet Trunk
Overview 1-1
Chapter 1 Introduction IPmux-16 Installation and Operation Manual
Site A
PBX
PBX
Telephone
Switch
Worksta tion
Worksta tion
NxE1/T1
Router
Links
IPmux-16
Ethernet
Switch
100BaseT 100BaseT
Gigabit
Ethernet
Switch
Giga Ethernet
Backbone
Site B
Ethernet
Switch
Gigabit
Ethernet
Switch
IPmux-4
IPmux-16
NxE1/T1
Links
PBX
Telephone
Switch
PBX
Gigabit
MAN
Ethernet
Switch
100BaseT
Site C
Ethernet Switch
IPmux-16
Worksta tion
Router
PBX PBX
NxE1/T1 Links
E1/T1E1/T1
Figure 1-2. IP Based Metropolitan Area Network
1-2 Overview
IPmux-16 Installation and Operation Manual Chapter 1 Introduction
Features
Management
IPmux-16 can be managed via a local terminal, Telnet, or via RADview, RAD’s
Network Management system. IPmux-16 has an RJ-45 port for the local terminal
connection for monitoring and control. Software upload and download and
configuration can be performed via the local terminal or via RADview.
T1
T1 ports and framers comply with ANSI T1.403 standards. The T1 jitter
performance is according to G.824, TR-62411. The T1 framers support
pass-through, SF, ESF and CAS. Integral LTU/CSU can be enabled for line
protection and long haul options. FDL and transmit PRM for T1/ESF are also
supported.
E1
E1 ports comply with G.703 and G.823 standards. E1 framers comply with G.704.
The E1 framers support pass-through, framed, CRC4 MF and CAS MF framing.
Integral LTU/CSU can be enabled for line protection and long haul options.
IP
The data stream coming from the E1 or T1 ports into IP frames is converted and
transferred over the Fast Ethernet port and vice versa.
The TDM bytes are encapsulated in a UDP frame that runs over IP and over
Ethernet.
The number of TDM bytes in an IP frame is configurable for throughput / delay
tradeoff.
A single IP address should be set per device (Host IP). A destination IP address can
be configured for each bundle (see Multibundling, below). IP ToS field support can
be configured for IP Level Priority.
Ethernet
IPmux-16 has a half/full duplex, 10/100 Ethernet port for LAN connectivity.
Each E1/T1 module includes a single, standard 10/100BaseT port with
auto-negotiation support, which provides the uplink to the network. If
auto-negotiation is disabled, IPmux-16 can be configured to any of the following:
• 100BaseT – full duplex
• 100BaseT – half duplex
• 10BaseT – full duplex
• 10BaseT – half duplex.
Half duplex operation in IPmux-16 is not recommended because collisions and
backoffs cause large delay variation and may exceed the delay variation buffer
Overview 1-3
Chapter 1 Introduction IPmux-16 Installation and Operation Manual
tolerance at the receiving end, causing buffer underflows and errors to occur.
IPmux-16 supports VLAN tagging and priority.
Mode of Operation
IPmux-16 can operate in three different modes:
• Unframed full E1/T1 over UDP over IP over Ethernet
• Fractional E1/T1 over UDP over IP over Ethernet
• Fractional with CAS over UDP over IP over Ethernet.
Multibundling
A bundle is a group of timeslots originating from a specific E1 or T1 channel. Up to
31 bundles per E1 channel and 24 bundles per T1 channel can be defined for
transport over the network. Each bundle can contain 1 to 24/31 timeslots
(T1/E1 respectively).
Two network topologies are supported:
• Star (point-to-multipoint): Multiple remote locations transport one bundle
each to a central site which is capable of grooming the bundles into its E1 or
T1 channel.
• Mesh: Any-to-any connectivity is supported at the bundle (DS0) level.
Internal Cross Connect
IPmux-16 allows an internal cross connect of bundles between its E1/T1 ports.
QoS
QoS support:
• Labeling IP level priority (ToS)
• VLAN tagging and priority labeling according to IEEE 802.1 p&q
The user can configure the ToS (Type of Service) of the outgoing IP packets. This
allows an en-route layer-3 router or switch, which supports ToS, to give higher
priority to IPmux-16 traffic for delay-sensitive and secure applications. IPmux-16
allows you to configure the WHOLE ToS byte field, since different vendors may
use different bits to tag packets for traffic prioritization. This also enables you to
work according to various RFC definitions (for example RFC 2474, RFC 791). The
user can also configure VLAN priority bits for Level 2 Priority.
Timing
Available timing modes are:
1-4 Overview
• Loopback
• Adaptive
The E1 or T1 Transmit clock is derived from the E1/T1 Receive clock.
In this mode, the E1 or T1 TX clock is regenerated using the Adaptive method.
In this method, the fill level of the buffer receiving packets is monitored. If the
IPmux-16 Installation and Operation Manual Chapter 1 Introduction
buffer begins to overfill, the regenerated clock frequency increases to avoid
overflow. If the buffer begins to empty, the Receive clock decreases to avoid
underflow.
• Internal Clock
In this mode, the Transmit (TX) clock is received from an internal oscillator.
This mode is useful for testing and diagnostic purposes.
Standards
G.703, G.704, G.706, G.823,
ANSI T1.403,
TR-AT&T62411, G.824, IEEE 802.3, IEEE 802.3D, 802.1 p&q
EMC Class B compliance – EN 55022 Class B
General
IPmux-16 is a 1.5U high easy to install standalone unit.
A rack mount option is available.
IPmux-16 can be ordered with dual redundant power supplies (two AC or two DC
modules).
1.2 Physical Description
IPmux-16 is a 1.5U high, easy-to-install standalone unit. A rack mount option is
available.
Figure 1-3. IPmux-16 3-D View
Physical Description 1-5
Chapter 1 Introduction IPmux-16 Installation and Operation Manual
Front Panel
The control port and indicator LEDs are located on the front panel of IPmux-16.
For further details see Chapter 2.
Rear Panel
Fuses, power supplies, the dry contact connector, and interface connectors are
located on the rear panel of IPmux-16. For further details see Chapter 2.
1.3 Functional Description
IPmux-16 modules support E1 or T1 TDM interfaces. The E1 and T1 modules have
either four or eight ports. Each bundle (group of timeslots) can be transmitted to a
predefined destination bundle (see the following figure). IPmux-16 supports ICMP
(ping), and generates ARP in case of unknown next hop MAC addresses, answers
ARP requests, and supports 802.3 Ethernet format.
Configuration and management are provided via the IPmux-16 local terminal,
Telnet application or SNMP such as RADview, RAD’s Network Management
System.
E1/T1 Port 1
E1/T1 Port 2
Figure 1-4. IPmux-16 Point-to-Point Application
E1/T1 Line 1
E1/T1 Line 2
E1/T1 Line 16
IPmux-16
IPmux-16
IP over
Ethernet
IP over
Ethernet
Sub E1/T1
IPmux-4
IPmux-16
IPmux-16
IPmux-16
IPmux-1
IPmux-1
E1/T1 Port 2
E1/T1 Port 1
Sub E1/T1
Sub E1/T1
1-6 Functional Description
Sub E1/T1
Figure 1-5. Grooming of Timeslots from Remote Sites into a
Single E1/T1 Port at Central Site
IPmux-16 Installation and Operation Manual Chapter 1 Introduction
Bundles composed of several timeslots (E1: 1-31, T1: 1-24) can be defined. Each
bundle can be connected to a different destination bundle anywhere on the
network.
Up to 496 sub-E1 or 384 sub-T1 remote bundles can be attached to one central
IPmux-16. Multibundling enables concentrating many remote sites with few
timeslots to the same TDM channel at the central site. A mesh topology
application, in which the bundles at each site are defined to connect to several
sites, is also supported.
Operation Modes
IPmux-16 operation modes are:
• Unframed
• Fractional
• Fractional with CAS
Unframed
In the transparent mode, the incoming bit stream from each port (regardless of
framing) is converted into IP over Ethernet frames. This option provides clear
channel end-to-end service.
Testing
Timing Modes
Fractional
In the fractional mode, the incoming bit stream is regarded as a sequence of
nx64 Kbps channel groups (according to framing). Each predefined group of
channels is converted into a structure block. The structure block is packetized into
IP frames and transmitted.
This mode allows transmission of several selected time slots and not the whole
E1/T1 as in transparent mode.
Fractional with CAS
In the fractional-with-CAS mode, the structure block (as described under
Fractional Operation Modes, above) also includes Channel Associated Signaling
(CAS).
Diagnostic capabilities include E1/T1 local and remote loopback tests for rapid
location of faults. Any of the E1/T1 ports can be looped locally toward the line, or
toward the remote end (see Chapter 4 for more information).
The E1/T1 Transmit (TX) clock can operate in several timing modes to provide
maximum flexibility for connecting the IPmux-16 E1/T1 interface.
The available timing modes are:
• Loopback: The E1 or T1 Transmit clock is derived from the E1/T1 Receive
clock.
Functional Description 1-7
Chapter 1 Introduction IPmux-16 Installation and Operation Manual
• Adaptive: In this mode, the E1 or T1 Tx clock is regenerated using the
Adaptive method. In this method, the fill level of the buffer receiving packets is
monitored. If the buffer begins to overfill, the regenerated clock frequency
increases to avoid overflow. If the buffer begins to empty, the clock decreases
to avoid underflow.
• Internal Clock: In this mode, the Transmit (Tx) clock is received from an
internal oscillator. This mode is useful for testing and diagnostic purposes.
Each of the clocks must be configured correctly on both the Receive and Transmit
ends to ensure proper operation and prevent pattern slips.
The following paragraphs describe typical timing schemes and their correct timing
mode settings in order to achieve end-to-end synchronization.
External Network Timing
When an external network is used to synchronize the E1/T1 devices, all the
IPmux-16 units should be configured to work in loopback mode (see the following
illustration). This topology enables any-to-any connectivity; as in the following
illustration, all three IPmux-16s have direct E1/T1 connectivity. In this timing
configuration both mesh and star bundle connection topologies are supported.
Clock from External Distribution Network
E1/T1
E1/T1
E1/T1 Device
E1/T1
E1/T1
LBT Mode
IP over
Ethernet
IPmux-16
IPmux-16
IPmux-16
LBT Mode
E1/T1
E1/T1
LBT Mode
E1/T1 Device
E1/T1 Device
Figure 1-6. IPmux-16 in Loopback Timing Mode
Single Source Clock Network
When a common clock is not available on all the ends of the network:
• E1/T1 Device Configuration:
One of the E1/T1 devices connected to the IPmux-16 should work as the
master clock while the others work in loopback timing.
• IPmux-16 Configuration:
The IPmux-16 E1/T1 ports connected to the master clock E1/T1 device work in
loopback timing, while the far-end IPmux-16s work in Adaptive mode.
1-8 Functional Description
IPmux-16 Installation and Operation Manual Chapter 1 Introduction
Note
When there are several bundles from different sources at the same E1/T1 port, the
bundle that will be used for adaptive clock regeneration for the port is the first
bundle of every port. For example (E1): Bundle number 1 for port 1, bundle number
32 for port 2, bundle number 63 for port 3, bundle number 94 for port 4, etc.
In this mode the regenerated clock is subject to network Packet Delay Variation and
may not comply with jitter and wander specifications.
Master Clock
Source Devi ce
Loopback Timing Mode
E1/T1
E1/T1
IP over
Ethernet
IPmux-16
Adaptive Mode
IPmux-16
Adaptive Mode
IPmux-16
E1/T1
E1/T1
Remote Loopback
Timing Devices
E1/T1
E1/T1
Figure 1-7. IPmux-16 in Adaptive Timing Mode
Frame Format
The Ethernet frame sent by the IPmux-16 is a UDP datagram which transfers E1/T1
payload bytes over IP over Ethernet (UDP payload + UDP header + IP header +
Ethernet header).
The UDP payload size is equal to TDM bytes per frame (TDM bytes/frame
configuration).
The illustration below specifies the structure of the different headers, special fields,
and the payload in the Ethernet packet.
MAC IP UDP
Payload
Figure 1-8. TDMoIP Frame Structure
Functional Description 1-9
Chapter 1 Introduction IPmux-16 Installation and Operation Manual
Table 1-1. Ethernet Frame Structure
Field length (bytes) Field
7 Preamble
MAC
Layer
LLC
Layer
IP Layer
UDP
Layer
1 SFD
6 Destination MAC Address
6 Source MAC Address
2 Type
1 Vers/HLEN
1 Service Type
2 Total Length
2 Identification
1 Flags/Fragment Offset (most)
1 Fragment Offset (least)
1 Time to Live
1 Protocol
2 Header Checksum
4 Source IP Address
4 Destination IP Address
2 UDP Source Port
2 UDP Destination Port
2 UDP Message Length
IEEE 802.1p&q VLAN Tagging
(additional 4 bytes if enabled)
Note: The UDP source port
field is used to transfer a
destination bundle number.
2 UDP Checksum
Data
...
Layer
MAC
4 CRC
Layer
1-10 Functional Description
Payload
IPmux-16 Installation and Operation Manual Chapter 1 Introduction
VLAN Support
VLAN, according to IEEE 802.1p&q, adds four bytes to the MAC layer of the
Ethernet frame. The contents of these bytes, MAC layer priority and VLAN ID, can
be set by the user. In this mode, only VLAN format frames are sent and received
by IPmux-16. The following figure describes the VLAN tag format.
81 00
802.1D Tag Protocol Type
(802.1QTagType)
UDP Support
Table 1-2. UDP Source Port as Destination Voice Port
Field Length (Bits) Field Description Value
2 bytes UDP Source Port* 2 – 497d
2 bytes UDP Destination Port 2142d
* The MSB of this field can be either 1 or 0 for inband end-to-end proprietary signaling.
Note
The UDP Source Port field is used for destination voice bundle indication.
For example, if the destination is:
Bundle 1 – 02, Bundle 2 – 03, Bundle 3 – 04, Bundle 4 – 05, etc.
user_priority
CFI = 0
8654
Priority
Figure 1-9. VLAN Tag Format
VID
8
1
VLAN ID
1
For more information about VLAN tagging, see IEEE Std 802.1 p&q.
Packet Delay Variation
Packets are transmitted at set intervals. Packet Delay Variation is the maximum
deviation from the nominal time the packets are expected to arrive at the far end
device. IPmux-16 has a buffer that compensates for the deviation from the
expected packet arrival time to prevent IPmux-16 buffers from emptying out.
Packet Delay Variation is an important network parameter. Large PDV (exceeding
the jitter buffer configuration) will cause receive buffer underflows and errors at
the E1/T1 level (see Figure 1-10).
To compensate for large PDV, the PDVT (jitter) buffer should be configured to a
higher value.
Functional Description 1-11
Chapter 1 Introduction IPmux-16 Installation and Operation Manual
Packets Leaving IPmux-16
Packets Arriving
PDVT (Jitter) Buffer
IPmux-16 is equipped with a Packet DVT (Delay Variation Tolerance) buffer. The
PDVT buffer or jitter buffer is filled by the incoming IP packets and emptied out to
fill the E1/T1 stream. The buffer begins to empty out only after it is half full in order
to compensate for packet starvation from the Ethernet side. The time it takes for
half of the buffer to empty out is the maximum DVT time. Delay Variation
Tolerance is configurable. The PDVT (jitter) buffer is designed to compensate for
packet delay variation caused by the network.
It supports a delay variation of up to E1: 32 ms, T1: 24 ms.
PDV
Figure 1-10. Packet Delay Variation
t
t
➤
To configure jitter buffer depth:
Estimated or Measured PDV introduced by the network + intrinsic PDV
(if it exists) introduced by the module as a result of configuring the
TDM bytes / frame > 48 (see explanation of calculating intrinsic PDV, below).
Intrinsic PDV
If TDM bytes/frame is greater than 48, there is an intrinsic delay variation (intrinsic
PDV). The intrinsic PDV introduced by the module is a function of n>1 in
TDM bytes/frame configuration as follows:
I.PDV (ms) = ((n – 1) x 1000) / (frames per second × n)
ebytes/framTDM configured
Where n =
(n=1 – 8).
48
PDVT Buffer Effect on Delay
The PDVT buffer is on the TDM path. This means that it adds to the total
end-to-end delay (see delay calculation, below).
1-12 Functional Description
IPmux-16 Installation and Operation Manual Chapter 1 Introduction
Ethernet Throughput
Configuring the TDM bytes per frame (TDM bytes/frame) parameter, per bundle
configuration, can reduce Ethernet throughput (bandwidth or traffic travelling
through the Ethernet). This parameter controls the number of TDM bytes
encapsulated in one frame. The TDM bytes/frame parameter can be configured to
nX48 bytes where n is an integer between 1 and 8. Configuring TDM bytes/frame
to a higher value reduces the IP/Ethernet overhead segment of the total packet and
thus can significantly reduce the total Ethernet throughput.
On the other hand, packetization delay and intrinsic packet delay variation (PDVT)
are increased and this contributes to a higher end-to-end delay. This effect can be
small and negligible when a full E1 (or many timeslots) are transferred but can be
very significant when few E1/T1 timeslots are transferred. In this case, the
packetization delay and the intrinsic PDV when configuring a large value of TDM
bytes / frame can be very large and may exceed the maximum PDVT (jitter) buffer
on the receiving end. The tables below show the throughput as a function of the
TDM bytes/frame configuration for a full E1 and a full T1.
Table 1-3. Ethernet Throughput – Unframed E1
TDM
bytes/frame
48 94 46 96 5447 4.1
96 142 46 48 2724 3.1
144 190 46 32 1816 2.76
192 238 46 24 1362 2.6
240 286 46 19 1089 2.5
288 334 46 16 908 2.43
336 382 46 14 778 2.38
384 430 46 12 681 2.34
Frame
Length
(bytes)
Overhead
(bytes)
Overhead
(%)
Packets
(per
second)
Throughput
(Mbps)
Functional Description 1-13
Chapter 1 Introduction IPmux-16 Installation and Operation Manual
Table 1-4. Ethernet Throughput – Unframed T1
TDM
bytes/frame
48 94 46 96 4107 3.08
96 142 46 48 2054 2.32
144 190 46 32 1369 2.07
192 238 46 24 1027 1.95
240 286 46 19 821 1.87
288 334 46 16 685 1.82
336 382 46 14 587 1.78
384 430 46 12 513 1.76
➤
To calculate Ethernet throughput and intrinsic PDV as a function of
Frame
length
(bytes)
Over head
(bytes)
Over head
(%)
Packets
(per
second)
Throughput
(Mbps)
TDM bytes/frame:
Ethernet load (bps) = [(frame overhead (bytes) + TDM bytes/frame) × 8] × frames/second
Frame overhead = Ethernet overhead + IP overhead = 46 bytes
Frame/second =
unframed: 5447/n for a full E1
4107/n for a full T1
framed: 8000Xk / (46.875 x n)
Where k = number of assigned timeslots
Where n =
Round Trip Delay
The voice path round-trip delay, which is a function of all connections and
network parameters, is calculated for E1/T1 as follows:
RTDelay
= 2 x (
(µs)
Where NTS = number of timeslots assigned
n48×
x 125 (µs) + PDVT buffer (µs) +500 (µs))+ Network round trip delay
NTS
ebytes/fram TDM
Where n =
48
in unframed E1 interface = 32
T1 interface = 24
48
ebytes/framTDM
1-14 Functional Description
IPmux-16 Installation and Operation Manual Chapter 1 Introduction
End-to-End Alarm Generation
An end-to-end alarm generation mechanism exists in the IPmux-16 to facilitate the
following alarms:
Unframed AIS will be transmitted toward the near-end PBX in event of:
• Far-end LOS, AIS
• PDVT underflow/overflow.
Framed Timeslot / CAS configurable alarm pattern will be transmitted
toward the near-end PBX in event of:
• Far-end LOS, LOF, AIS
• PDVT underflow/overflow.
Throughput Limitations and CAC
Ethernet port throughput of IPmux-16 is limited to a number (pps) that is smaller
than the number (pps) that should be transmitted when all 16 E1/T1 channels are
active with 48 bytes per frame. To prevent configurations that will exceed this
limit, a CAC mechanism exists and will prevent adding connections as soon as the
limit is exceeded. The mechanism also monitors and displays current system
performance optimization (percentage of budget in use).
Table 1-5. System Usage for TDM Bytes per Frame
TDM Bytes/Frame System Resources Consumption per Timeslot
48 0.39%
96 0.2145%
144 0.1521%
192 0.1209%
240 0.1014%
288 0.0897%
336 0.0858%
384 0.078%
Functional Description 1-15
Chapter 1 Introduction IPmux-16 Installation and Operation Manual
1.4 Technical Specifications
E1 Modules
E1 Port
E1
Framing
Ports
Compliance
Connector
Data Rate
Line Code
Line Impedance
Signal Levels
Jitter Performance
External Adapter
Cable
Compliance
Framing
Up to 16
ITU-T Rec. G.703, G.706, G.732, G.823
Balanced: RJ-45 8 pin
Unbalanced: TBNC 75Ω (an external adapter cable from
TBNC to BNC is required)
2.048 Mbps
HDB3
Balanced: 120Ω; Unbalanced: 75Ω
Receive: 0 to –27 dB with LTU
0 to –10 dB without LTU
Transmit Balanced: ±3V ±10%
Transmit Unbalanced: ±2.37V ±10%
ITU-T G.823 standard
TBNC to BNC required for unbalanced interfaces
G.704, G.706
Passthrough, CRC4 MF, CAS MF
T1 Modules
T1 Port
Signaling
Ports
Compliance
Connector
Data Rate
Line Code
Line Impedance
Signal Levels
Jitter Performance
CAS, CCS (transparent)
Up to 16
ANSI T1.403, ITU-T Rec. G.703
RJ-45, 8 pin
1.544 Mbps
B8ZS, B7ZS, AMI
Balanced: 100Ω
Receive: 0 to –27 dB
Transmit: 0 dB, –7.5 dB, –15 dB, –22.5 with CSU
±2.7V ± 10%, adjustable, measured in range
0 to 655 feet without CSU
AT&T TR-62411, G.824 standards
1-16 Technical Specifications
IPmux-16 Installation and Operation Manual Chapter 1 Introduction
T1
Framing
Local
Terminal
and
Control
Interface
Dry
Contact
Alarm
Ethernet Modules
Compliance
Framing
Signaling
Mode
Baud Rate
Connector
Connector
Contacts
Compliance
Connector
Ports
ANSI T1.403
Passthrough, SF, ESF
CAS (bit robbing), CCS (transparent)
RS-232 over RJ-45 (adapter cable to DB-15 supplied)
DTE
9.6, 19.2, 38.4, 57.6, 115.2 kbps
DB-9
DB-9
30V 2A
IEEE 802.3, 802.3u, Ethernet, 802.1 p&q
RJ-45, 8 pin
1
General
Data Rate
Range
System Indicators
10 Mbps or 100 Mbps, full or half duplex
Up to 100m over UTP Category 5 cables
General:
PS1 Green ON when main power supply is
OK
OFF when malfunction is
detected, power does not exist or
power is off.
PS2 Green ON when secondary power
supply is OK
OFF when secondary power
supply does not exist (no power
supply redundancy) or when
power is off
RDY Green ON when self-test is successfully
completed
OFF during self-test
BLINKS when self-test fails
ALM Red: ON when a Minor alarm is
detected
OFF when no alarms are
detected
Technical Specifications 1-17
Chapter 1 Introduction IPmux-16 Installation and Operation Manual
Ethernet Port:
LINK OFF when line is not active
ON when line is OK
ACT OFF when no activity
ON when a frame is being transmitted or
received on the line
FDX OFF when half duplex
ON when full duplex
100M OFF when 10 MHz
ON when 100 MHz
E1/T1 Port:
SYNC ON when the port is synchronized (no alarm)
OFF when signal loss, LOF or AIS is detected
(local alarm)
BLINKS when RDI is detected (remote alarm)
Note: All LEDs are green and ON after power-up.
Power
1 or 2 power supplies
40W, 100 to 240 VAC, 50/60 Hz
–36 to –72 VDC (–48 VDC nominal)
Physical
Environment
Humidity
Height 6.6 cm / 2.55 in (1.5U)
Width 43.2 cm / 19 in
Depth 35 cm / 13.78 in
Weight 4.0 kg / 8.8 lb
Temperature: 0 to 45°C / 32 to 110°F
Up to 90%, non-condensing
1-18 Technical Specifications
Chapter 2
Installation
2.1 Introduction
IPmux-16 is delivered completely assembled for bench-top installation. The only
mechanical installation procedure that may be necessary is optional installation in
a 19-inch rack.
After installing the unit, configure the IPmux-16 using an ASCII terminal connected
to the IPmux-16 control port. The IPmux-16 configuration procedures are
described in Chapter 3 of this manual.
If problems are encountered, refer to Chapter 4 for test and diagnostics
instructions.
Warning
Caution
No internal settings, adjustment, maintenance and repairs may be performed
by either the operator or the user; such activities may be performed only by
skilled service personnel who are aware of the hazards involved.
Always observe standard safety precautions during installation, operation, and
maintenance of this product.
2.2 Site Requirements and Prerequisites
AC-powered IPmux-16 units should be installed within 1.5m (5 feet) of an
easily-accessible grounded AC outlet capable of furnishing the required supply
voltage, in the range of 100 to 240 VAC, 16A maximum.
DC-powered IPmux-16 units require a –48 VDC power source (positive pole
grounded).
The DC power source must be isolated from the mains supply by double or
reinforced insulation.
Allow at least 90 cm (36 in) of frontal clearance for operator access. Allow at least
10 cm (4 in) clearance at the rear of the unit for cable connections. Make sure that
the ventilation holes are not blocked.
Site Requirements and Prerequisites 2-1
Chapter 2 Installation IPmux-16 Installation and Operation Manual
The ambient operating temperature of IPmux-16 is 0o to 50o C
o
(32
F to 122o F), at a relative humidity of up to 90%, non-condensing.
2.3 Package Contents
The IPmux-16 package contains the following items:
• IPmux-16 unit
• Power cord
• CBL-DB9/DB9/NULL cross-cable that connects the IPmux-16 control port and
an ASCII terminal (DTE) for local management.
• RM-11 kit containing hardware for mounting IPmux-16 in a 19-inch rack
(optionally supplied).
Power Cable
IPmux-16 comes equipped with the power cord connected to PS1. If the unit is
equipped with a redundant power supply, IPmux-16 is equipped with an
additional power cord.
2.4 Equipment Needed
• Hand Tools and Kits
IPmux-16 needs no special tools for installation. A screwdriver is necessary
when mounting IPmux-16 in a 19-inch rack.
• Control Cable
IPmux-16 is provided with one null cable.
The null cable (CBL-DB9/DB9/NULL) is used to connect IPmux-16 (DTE) to a
terminal (DTE). Terminals are usually equipped with a male connector DB-9 or
DB-25; therefore the null cable should have a female connector.
A straight cable can be defined to connect IPmux-16 (DTE) to a modem (DCE).
2-2 Equipment Needed
IPmux-16 Installation and Operation Manual Chapter 2 Installation
Table 2-1. Null Cable Pinout Connections
DB-9 Female
Pin No.
1 DCD Data Carrier Detect
2 RXD Receive data
3 TXD Transmit data
4 DTR Data Terminal Ready
5 GND Ground
6 DSR Data Set Ready
7 RTS Request To Send
8 CTS Clear To Send
9 RI Ring Indicator
Signal Name
On both DB9 connectors, DCD (pin 1), DTR (pin 4) and DSR (6) are connected
together.
RTS (pin 7) is shorted together with CTS (pin 8). Refer to Figure 2-1.
CBL-DB-9/DB9/NULL
DB-9 (Female)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
99
DB-9 (Female)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Figure 2-1. Null Cable (CBL-DB-9/DB-9/NULL) Pin Shorts
Equipment Needed 2-3
Chapter 2 Installation IPmux-16 Installation and Operation Manual
2.5 Installation and Setup
Setting Jumpers
IPmux-16 internal jumpers and switches do not need to be configured by the user
and therefore removing the product cover is not required.
Connecting Interfaces and Cables
Figure 2-2 and Figure 2-3 illustrate the rear and front panel options available for
IPmux-16.
Figure 2-2. IPmux-16 Front Panel
EXT. CLK
Warning
PS2
ALARMS
PS1
I
O
POWERPOWER
I
O
~100-24 0VAC 3A T 125V~100-24 0VAC 3A T 125V
Figure 2-3. IPmux-16 Rear Panel
Grounding
Interrupting the protective grounding conductor (inside or outside the instrument)
or disconnecting the protective earth terminal can make this instrument
dangerous. Intentional interruption is prohibited.
Before switching ON this instrument and before connecting any other cable,
the protective earth terminals of this instrument must be connected to the
protective ground conductor of the power cord.
Fuses
Make sure that only fuses with the required rated current and specified type,
2 A T 250V as marked on the IPmux-16 rear panel, are used for replacement.
Whenever it is likely that the protection offered by fuses has been impaired, the
instrument must be made inoperative and be secured to prevent any operation.
2-4 Installation and Setup
Loading...