Quantum Travan 20 SCSI User Manual
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STT20000N, STT20000N-C
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SCSI Minicartridge Drives
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(standard and NS-20 versions)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Product Manual
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© 1998 Seagate Technology, Inc. All rights reserved
No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form without written permission from Seagate
Technology, Inc.
Publication Number 10005135-001, March 1998
Seagate, Seagate Technology, the Seagate logo and Sidewinder are trademarks or registered
trademarks of Seagate Technology, Inc. Other product names are trademarks or registered trademarks
of their owners.
Seagate reserves the right to change, without notice, product offerings or specifications. Seagate
Technology provides this manual "as is," without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied,
including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose.
Seagate Technology assumes no responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, sufficiency, or
usefulness of this manual, nor for any problem that might arise from the use of the information in this
manual.
FCC Notice
This equipment generates and uses radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used properly—that
is, in strict accordance with the manufacturer's instructions—may cause interference to radio
communications or radio and television reception. It has been tested and found to comply with the limits
for a Class B computing device in accordance with the specifications in Part 15 of FCC Rules, which are
designed to provide reasonable protection against such interference in a residential installation. However,
there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does
cause interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment on
and off, you are encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:
• Reorient the receiving antenna.
• Relocate the computer with respect to the receiver.
• Move the computer into a different outlet so that the computer and receiver are on different branch
circuits.
If necessary, you should consult the dealer or an experienced radio/television technician for additional
suggestions. You may find the following booklet prepared by the Federal Communications Commission
helpful:
This booklet (Stock No. 004-000-00345-4) is available from the U.S. Government Printing Office,
Washington, DC 20402.
How to Identify and Resolve Radio-TV Interference Problems
Caution
Further, this equipment complies with the limits for a Class B digital apparatus in accordance with
Canadian Radio Interference Regulations.
Cet appareil numérique de la classe B est conforme au Règlement sur brouillage radioélectrique, C. R.
C., ch. 1374.
Additional warnings:
•
•
. Changes or modifications made to this equipment which have not been expressly approved
by Seagate Technology may cause radio and television interference problems that could void
the user's authority to operate the equipment.
To prevent fire or electrical shock hazard, do not expose the unit to rain or moisture.
To avoid electrical shock, do not open the cabinet. Refer servicing to qualified personnel.
Important Information About This Manual
All information contained in or disclosed by this document is considered proprietary by Seagate
Technology. By accepting this material, the recipient agrees that this material and the information
contained therein are held in confidence and in trust and will not be used, reproduced in whole or in part,
nor its contents revealed to others, except to meet the purpose for which it was delivered. It is understood
that no right is conveyed to reproduce or translate any item herein disclosed without express written
permission from Seagate Technology.
Seagate Technology provides this manual "as is," without warranty of any kind, either expressed or
implied, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular
purpose. Seagate Technology reserves the right to change, without notification, the specifications
contained in this manual.
Seagate Technology assumes no responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, sufficiency, or
usefulness of this manual, nor for any problem that might arise from the use of the information in this
manual.
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Introduction 1
Drive overview........................................................................................................ 1
Features.................................................................................................................4
Typical system configurations................................................................................. 5
Minicartridge technology overview........................................................................... 5
Flash EEPROM...................................................................................................... 6
Software.................................................................................................................6
References............................................................................................................. 6
About this manual...................................................................................................7
Specifications 9
Overview ................................................................................................................ 9
Physical specifications............................................................................................9
Power specifications............................................................................................. 11
Drive performance specifications .......................................................................... 12
Environmental requirements ................................................................................. 13
Reliability.............................................................................................................. 14
Mean-Time-Between Failures.........................................................................14
Mean-Time-To-Repair .................................................................................... 14
Recommended tapes............................................................................................ 15
Regulatory compliance.......................................................................................... 15
Installation 17
Introduction........................................................................................................... 17
Handling guidelines............................................................................................... 17
Installation overview.............................................................................................. 17
Setting jumpers..................................................................................................... 18
SCSI device address jumpers................................................................... 19
Parity ....................................................................................................... 19
SCSI terminator enable............................................................................ 19
Terminator power..................................................................................... 20
Installing the drive................................................................................................. 21
Mounting dimensions............................................................................................ 22
Cabling and connectors ........................................................................................ 23
Electrical characteristics........................................................................... 24
Single-ended SCSI connector......................................................................... 25
STT20000N Product Manual Page v
Table of Contents
Drive operation and maintenance 27
Introduction........................................................................................................... 27
Front panel LED operation.................................................................................... 27
Using Travan cartridges........................................................................................ 28
Loading and unloading tape cartridges............................................................ 28
Setting the write–protect switch ...................................................................... 29
Loading revised firmware from a Seagate firmware cartridge ................................ 29
Drive maintenance................................................................................................ 30
Caring for tape cartridges ............................................................................... 30
Cleaning the drive read/write head.................................................................. 31
Troubleshooting.................................................................................................... 32
SCSI Interface 33
Introduction........................................................................................................... 33
SCSI-1 interface................................................................................................... 33
SCSI-1 status codes....................................................................................... 33
SCSI-1 message codes.................................................................................. 34
SCSI-1 commands ......................................................................................... 35
ANSI X3.131 CONFORMANCE STATEMENT (SCSI-1)....................................... 36
General features............................................................................................. 36
Commands..................................................................................................... 36
Messages....................................................................................................... 37
Vendor-unique commands.............................................................................. 37
SCSI-2 interface................................................................................................... 37
SCSI-2 status codes....................................................................................... 37
SCSI-2 message codes.................................................................................. 38
SCSI-2 commands ......................................................................................... 38
ANSI X3.T92 conformance statement (SCSI-2) .................................................... 40
SCSI-2 general features ................................................................................. 40
SCSI-2 commands ......................................................................................... 40
SCSI-2 messages........................................................................................... 41
SCSI-2 vendor-unique commands .................................................................. 41
Command set changes to Incorporate RWW and HDC......................................... 42
Read-While-Write........................................................................................... 42
Log Sense Write Error Counts page code (02h)........................................ 42
Hardware data compression........................................................................... 43
Mode Select / Mode Sense Data Compression page code (0Fh) .............. 43
Parameters that control data compression................................................ 44
Page vi STT20000A Product Manual
Table of Contents
Tape format 45
Introduction........................................................................................................... 45
Tape partitioning................................................................................................... 45
Track positions ..................................................................................................... 45
Track numbering................................................................................................... 46
Track format......................................................................................................... 46
Frames........................................................................................................... 46
Blocks ............................................................................................................ 48
Tape reference servo pattern................................................................................ 48
Write equalization ................................................................................................. 49
Randomization...................................................................................................... 49
Theory of operations 51
Overview .............................................................................................................. 51
Drive configurations.............................................................................................. 51
Block diagrams..................................................................................................... 51
Mechanics ............................................................................................................ 53
Cartridge load mechanism.............................................................................. 53
Capstan drive motor assembly........................................................................ 53
Chassis .......................................................................................................... 53
Control circuits...................................................................................................... 53
Head design ......................................................................................................... 54
Flash EEPROM.................................................................................................... 54
Sensors and switches........................................................................................... 54
Media (Travan minicartridges)............................................................................... 55
Read-While-Write ................................................................................................. 56
ALDC data compression....................................................................................... 56
Glossary 57
Acronyms and units of measurement 60
Acronyms and abbreviations................................................................................. 60
Units of measurement........................................................................................... 62
STT20000N Product Manual Page vii
Table of Contents
Notes
Page viii STT20000A Product Manual
Introduction Chapter 1
Introduction
1
Drive overview
The Seagate internal STT20000 SCSI minicartridge drive extends the Seagate
family of one-inch high, DC2000 drives that feature high performance, high
reliability, and quiet operation. The STT20000 SCSI minicartridge drive transfers
data at up to 60 megabytes per minute (Mbtyes/min) without data compression.
With optimal system resources available, and with compressible data structures,
nominal transfer rates of up to 120 Mbytes/min can be observed using software data
compression (assumes 2:1 compression ratio). An additional feature of the
STT20000 SCSI minicartridge drive is an option for Read While Write and Hardware
data Compression. These features are available on the NS series (STT20000N-C).
Highlights of these features are contained in various parts of this Product
Description Manual.
Optimal system resources include but are not limited to:
• Allocating the maximum amount of the base 640-Kbyte memory available
• Not using a memory manager program
Note:
Data compression is available within the Seagate Backup Exec software package
for DOS and Windows and typically provides for a 2:1 compression ratio. The
compression ratio is dependent on the specific system and the nature of the files
being compressed.
Using
drive automatically senses the fastest available data transfer rate of the host system
and selects from three discrete speeds: 1,000, 733, or 489 kilobytes/second
(Kbyte/sec). This process maximizes system throughput by eliminating tape
repositioning, which is typically required when the tape drive operates faster than
the host computer.
The product is available as an internal device in either a 3.5-inch or 5.25-inch
configuration. The internal drive form factors are tailored for easy installation in
today's computers, and the full-featured embedded SCSI controller facilitates easy
integration into a variety of systems.
During backup tasks, screen savers can have a negative affect on transfer
rates.
FastSense
TM
, a unique Seagate feature, the STT20000 SCSI minicartridge
The drive contains an embedded, single-ended Small Computer Systems Interface
(SCSI) controller that supports SCSI (
X3.T92)
embedded devices including those from Adaptec and DPT. The drive provides
synchronous or asynchronous SCSI and a high speed burst rate of 5 Mbyte/second.
STT20000N Product Manual Page 1
. The drive supports numerous popular SCSI controller boards and
ANSI X3.131, 1986)
and SCSI-2 (
ANSI
Chapter 1 Introduction
The drive is equipped with a 512-Kbyte on-drive buffer to facilitate efficient
operation.
The STT20000 SCSI minicartridge drive supports the QIC-3220-MC format standard
and will provide 10 gigabytes uncompressed storage capacity, 20 gigabytes
compressed, with a Travan TR-5 cartridge. The drive will also read tapes
conforming to the QIC-3095 standard (TR-4).
A precision-burst intelligent positioning system is used to achieve high track
densities.
The STT20000 SCSI minicartridge drive conforms to the QIC-3220-MC
development standard adopted by Quarter-Inch Cartridge Drive Standards Inc.
(QIC). The drive records in a serpentine fashion utilizing a 1,7 RLL (Run Length
Limited) data encoding method, and provides for 108 data tracks and one (1)
directory track on Travan TR-5 media.
The drive offers electronically erasable, programmable, read-only memory (flash
EEPROM), which enables qualified Seagate OEMs to download revised firmware to
the drive.
With the availability of greater capacity disk drives and the growth of small networks,
the need for cost-effective, high-capacity SCSI-storage has grown. The STT20000
SCSI minicartridge drives are ideal for high-end stand-alone computers,
workstations, and small networks.
Built using long-wearing materials and custom Large Scale Integration (LSI)
components, the drive was engineered for heavy-duty computer applications.
Providing carefully controlled tape handling and rapid, smooth operation, the drive
design promotes long life for key components such as the motors, drive heads, and
the media itself. One major benefit of this new, computer grade engineering is low
power consumption.
Figure 1-1 illustrates the internal drive in 3.5-inch configuration. Figure 1-2 illustrates
the internal drive in 5.25-inch configuration (with mounting brackets).
Page 2 STT20000A Product Manual
Introduction Chapter 1
Figure 1-1
STT20000 SCSI minicartridge internal drive
(3.5-inch mounting configuration)
Figure 1-2
STT20000 SCSI minicartridge internal drive with mounting brackets
(5.25-inch mounting configuration)
STT20000N Product Manual Page 3
Chapter 1 Introduction
Features
The STT20000 SCSI minicartridge drive embodies Seagate 's commitment to
engineer reliable and durable tape drive products. In summary form, key features of
the drive are as follows:
• Internal form factor for installation in a 5.25-inch half-high or 3.5-inch by oneinch space
• Capability to write and read Travan TR-5 (QIC-3220-MC)
• QIC-3220-MC tape format compliance for compatibility and information
interchange
• Typical uncompressed capacities of up to 10 gigabytes on 740 foot TR-5 media
• Typical compressed capacities of up to 20 gigabytes on 740 foot TR-5 media
• Transfer rate optimized with FastSense
TM
—automatic selection of fastest
supportable data transfer rate (1,000, 733, or 489 Kbyte/sec)
• Single-ended SCSI connection with these features:
• Embedded full LSI, high speed SCSI controller
• Software selectable synchronous or asynchronous SCSI data transfer
• High performance SCSI burst transfer rate of 5 Mbyte/sec with 512 Kbyte (2
Mbyte on the STT20000N-C NS-20 drive) on-drive data buffer to facilitate the
most efficient use of the host computer and tape drive
• Reed-Solomon ECC (error correction code) with un-correctable error rate of less
than 1 in 10
15
bits
• Flash EEPROM to enable electrically upgradable drive firmware
• Custom Seagate -designed LSI circuitry to reduce component count and boost
drive reliability
• Low power consumption- less than 15.0 Watts (typical) for internal drives
• Extensive set of motion commands that enables the drive to support either
streaming or file-oriented dump and restore modes
• Compatibility with a wide range of PCs
Page 4 STT20000A Product Manual
Introduction Chapter 1
Typical system configurations
The SCSI standard supports up to eight SCSI addresses or IDs. These IDs refer to
host adapters or peripheral devices such as printers, magnetic disks, or tape drives.
The eight devices or hosts are daisy chained together. Figure 1-3 shows sample
configurations of SCSI systems.
Figure 1-3
SCSI system—sample configurations
COMPUTER
SYSTEM
SINGLE INITIATOR - SINGLE TARGET
COMPUTER
SYSTEM
SINGLE INITIATOR - MULTIPLE TARGET
HOST
ADAPTER
HOST
ADAPTER
SCSI BUS
SCSI BUS
Minicartridge technology overview
Having evolved from the original mass-storage medium—reel-to-reel, 1/2-inch tape
storage- the minicartridge technology of today offers fast, efficient, high-capacity
storage in a compact, easy-removable hard-shell package. In little more than a
decade, storage capacities have increased from some 60 megabytes (Mbyte) on 9
tracks (QIC-24, 1982) to the 20-Gbyte capacity achievable with the STT20000 SCSI
minicartridge drive on a single Travan TR-5 cartridge.
The streaming-tape intelligence in this minicartridge drive provides a continuous
tape motion with an uninterrupted, precisely coordinated flow of data to and from the
minicartridge. This "streaming" motion combined with the "serpentine" recording
method is one element that contributes to the increased storage capacities,
efficiency, and speed of today's minicartridge technology.
SCSI
TAPE
DRIVE
SCSI
TAPE
DRIVE
MAGNETIC
DISC,
PRINTER, or
OPTICAL
DISK
COMPUTER
SYSTEM
COMPUTER
SYSTEM
MULTIPLE INITIATOR - MULTIPLE TARGET
HOST
ADAPTER
HOST
ADAPTER
SCSI BUS
SCSI
TAPE
DRIVE
MAGNETIC
DISC,
PRINTER, or
OPTICAL
DISK
MAGNETIC
DISC,
PRINTER, or
OPTICAL
DISK
MAGNETIC
DISC,
PRINTER, or
OPTICAL
DISK
Use of the "serpentine" recording method exploits the bi-directional capabilities of
the cartridge. With this method, the tape is not rewound at the end of a track.
Instead, the write-read heads are logically or mechanically switched to a different
position on the tape and another track is written or read in the reverse direction.
That is, the drive first records track 1 in one direction and when the end of the tape
is reached, the head is moved and the direction of tape motion is reversed to record
a second track This serpentine process continues until the entire tape is recorded.
The individual tracks are sequential to minimize the amount of head motion as the
heads change position for each track.
STT20000N Product Manual Page 5
Chapter 1 Introduction
Flash EEPROM
The STT20000 SCSI minicartridge drive incorporates leading-edge technology in the
flash EEPROM, which is useful should the drive's SCSI firmware need to be
upgraded at some point. With the permanently installed electrically up-gradeable
flash EEPROM memory, revised SCSI firmware for the drive can be loaded via any
one of two methods:
• Seagate OEM firmware cartridge (See Chapter 4)
• Host SCSI bus
This feature enables qualified OEMs needing to revise the drive firmware to do so
rapidly and at a reduced cost. Flash EEPROM should also prolong the life cycle of a
drive because many new techniques—such as increasing the capacity of the drive
through support for longer tapes—may require only a firmware upgrade.
Software
The STT20000 SCSI minicartridge drive is a cost-effective means of backing up
fixed disks. The software required to perform a disk backup runs under the control of
the host computer's operating system. Compatibility with a wide range of software is
also an important consideration in system integration.
References
The drive requires any one of the following operating environments: DOS
5.0 or later, Microsoft Windows
NT. The drive operates with many of the popular backup software applications such
as Seagate 's Backup Exec for DOS and Windows, Windows 95, Netware, or
Windows NT.
The following standards documents describe some of the technology incorporated in
the drives referenced in this manual.
•
QIC-121—
QIC-Compatible Sequential Storage Devices
•
QIC-104
Compatible Sequential Storage Devices
•
ANSI X3.127-1987
Exchange: 0.250-inch.
•
ANSI X3T9.2/86-109
•
QIC-170
•
QIC-3095-MC
Implementation of Small Computer System Interface (SCSI-2) for
— Implementation of Small Computer System Interface for QIC-
—Unrecorded Magnetic Tape Minicartridge for Information
—Preformatted magnetic minicartridge
—Serial recorded magnetic tape minicartridge
TM
3.1 or later, Microsoft Windows 95, or Windows
—Specifies the Small Computer System Interface-2 (SCSI-2).
TM
version
•
QIC-3220-MC
Page 6 STT20000A Product Manual
—Serial recorded magnetic tape minicartridge
Introduction Chapter 1
For more information about a particular QIC standard, contact Quarter-Inch
Cartridge Standards, Inc., c/o Freeman Associates, 311 East Carrillo Street, Santa
Barbara, California 93101.
About this manual
The remaining chapters and the appendices in this manual are briefly described in
the following table. A glossary of terms is also included.
Number Title Description
2
3
4
5
6
7
Specifications Contains physical, performance,
environmental, power, and reliability
specifications for the drive and
minicartridges.
Installation Provides cautions, unpacking tips,
inspection information, and
installation/connection steps
including cabling requirements and
connector pinouts.
Drive operation Explains drive operation,
maintenance and troubleshooting
SCSI interface Lists general information about the
SCSI interface. (See Note below.)
Tape format Provides an overview of the QIC-
3220-MC tape format.
Theory of operation Details the functional operation of
various assemblies of the SCSI
drive.
Appendix A
Appendix B
Note:
STT20000N Product Manual Page 7
This manual provides all technical information about the STT20000 SCSI
minicartridge drive for hardware and software development and integration
except complete SCSI information on the SCSI commands themselves.
Refer to the
for detailed information about the SCSI interface, including a complete
command summary.
Glossary Defines key terms.
Acronyms and
Measurements
Lists the acronyms and
measurements used in the manual.
SCSI Minicartridge Drive SCSI Manua
(P/N 10001652-002)
l
Chapter 1 Introduction
Notes
Page 8 STT20000A Product Manual
Specifications Chapter 2
Specifications
2
Overview
The STT20000 SCSI minicartridge drive provides exceptional reliability in storing
large amounts of computer data. This chapter includes the following specifications
and requirements:
• Physical specifications
• Power requirements
• Drive performance specifications
• Environmental requirements
• Recommended tapes
• Tape capacities and formats
• Regulatory compliance
Physical specifications
The physical specifications of the STT20000 SCSI minicartridge drive are listed in
the following table.
Specification Drive for 3.5-Inch Mount Drive for 5.25-Inch Mount
Height
Width
Length
Weight
Figures 2-1 and 2-2 show the general dimensions of the STT20000A in 3.5-inch
configuration (without mounting brackets) and in the 5.25-inch configuration (with
mounting brackets).
1.0 in/ 25 mm 1.7 in/ 43 mm
4.0 in/102 mm 5.87 in/149.1 mm
6.2 in/157.5 mm 6.36 in/161.5 mm
1.0 lbs/0.5 kg 1.5 lbs/0.7 kg
STT20000N Product Manual Page 9
Chapter 2 Specifications
Figure 2-1
STT20000N (3.5-Inch mount)—general dimensions
4.00 in (101.6 mm)
6.36 in (161.5 mm)
0.157 in
(4 mm)
4.00 in (101.6 mm)
1.00 in
(25.4 mm)
Figure 2-2
STT20000N (5.25-Inch mount)—general dimensions
0.86" (21.8mm)
5.76" (146.4mm)5.49" (139.4mm)
0.20" (5.0mm)
5.87"
(149.0mm)
DRIVE ACTIVE
(GREEN)
1.685"
(42.8mm)
Page 10 STT20000A Product Manual
Specifications Chapter 2
Power specifications
The following table lists the power specifications for the STT20000 SCSI
minicartridge drive. (Power specifications are measured at the tape drive power
connector and are nominal values.)
Specification Measurement
DC Voltage
Voltage Tolerance
Operational Current
Standby Current
Peak
Power Sequence
Ripple (peak to peak)
Power use
(nominal)
The following table lists pin assignments for the power connector for the drive.
+12 VDC +5 VDC
± 10% ± 5%
2.0 amps 1.0 amp
0.2 amp 0.6 amp
2.2 amps max —
None None
≤100 mV ≤100 mV
< 15 Watts
(excluding surge)
< 15 Watts
(excluding surge)
Pin Assignment
1
+12 VDC
2
3
4
STT20000N Product Manual Page 11
+12 return
+5 return
+5 VDC
Chapter 2 Specifications
Drive performance specifications
The following table lists the performance specifications for the STT20000 SCSI
minicartridge drive.
Feature Specification
Capacity
Effective backup rate
Data transfer rate
Tape speed
Read/Write
Search/Rewind
Recording method
Recording format
Recording code
Error recovery
Recording unrecoverable
errors
10.0 gigabytes—1650 Oe 740' Travan cartridge
(uncompressed)
20.0 gigabytes—1650 Oe 740' Travan cartridge
(compressed)
up to 60 Mbyte/min typical native; up to 120
Mbyte/min typical compressed
489 / 733 / 1,000 Kbyte/second
FastSense
TM
46,70, or 94 ips
90 ips maximum
Serpentine
QIC-3220-MC
1,7 RLL
Reed Solomon ECC
Less than 1 in 10
15
data bits
Head configuration
Recording media
Cartridge size
Data density
Tracks
Synchronous transfer
Wide write/narrow read
1650 Oe 740' Travan TR-5
3.2 in. x 2.4 in. x 0.4 in. (81 mm x 61 mm)
100,400 bpi
108 data tracks, one (1) directory track
5 Mbytes/second maximum
rate (burst)
Asynchronous transfer
5 Mbytes/second maximum
rate (burst)
Page 12 STT20000A Product Manual
Specifications Chapter 2
Environmental requirements
The following table lists the environmental specifications for the STT20000 SCSI
minicartridge drive. The drive may be mounted either vertically or horizontally.
Specification Operational Non-operational
Temperature
Thermal gradient
Relative humidity
Maximum wet bulb
temperature
Altitude
Vibration
Peak to Peak
Displacement
Peak Acceleration
Acoustic level
operational
(A-wt sum)
+41° to +113° F
(+ 5° to + 45° C)
1° C/minute
1
–40° to +149° F
(–40° to + 65° C)
20° C/hour
2
(no condensation)
20% to 80% non-
condensing
1
5% to 95% noncondensing
2
78.8° F (26° C) No condensation
–1,000 to +15,000 feet –1,000 to +50,000
feet
0.005 in max. (5 to 44.3 Hz) 0.1 in max.
(5 to 17 Hz)
0.50 g max. (44.3 to 500
Hz)
55 dBA maximum
1.5 g max. (17 to 500
Hz)
—
(measured in suitable
enclosure at 3-ft distance
and operator height)
Shock (1/2 sine wave)
1
Specification applies to drive mechanism and media
2
Specification applies to drive mechanism only
STT20000N Product Manual Page 13
2.5 g’s peak, 11 msec 100 g's peak, 11 msec
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