Quantum Tape Drive LTO-3 User Manual

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Quantum LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide, P/N 50002764, B01, July 2005 Made in USA.

Quantum Corporation provides this publication “as is” without warranty of any kind, either express or implied, including but not limited to the implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. Quantum Corporation may revise this publication from time to time without notice.

Your right to copy this manual is limited by copyright law. Making copies or adaptations without prior written authorization of Quantum Corporation is prohibited by law and constitutes a punishable violation of the law.

TRADEMARK STATEMENT

Quantum and the Quantum logo are all registered trademarks of Quantum Corporation.

Other trademarks may be mentioned herein which belong to other companies.

LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide iii

Contents

Preface xi

Chapter 1 Overview, Unpacking Instructions and Quick Start 1

Overview............................................................................................................. 1

Drive Configurations..................................................................................2

Features ........................................................................................................ 2

Unpacking and Inspection................................................................................3

Quick Start Guide ............................................................................................. 4

Internal LTO-3 Tape Drive Quick Start ...................................................4

Desktop LTO-3 Tape Drive Quick Start .................................................. 5

Internal Tape Drive Guidelines and Cautions............................................... 5

Chapter 2 Installation 7

Drive Installation Instructions ......................................................................... 7

Installing an Internal LTO-3 Tape Drive ........................................................8

Configuring an LVD Drive........................................................................ 8

Mounting the Internal LTO-3 Tape Drive............................................. 11

Connector Detail .......................................................................................12

ADI Free Cable Connector....................................................................... 13

Contents

iv LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide

Connecting a SCSI Cable..........................................................................14

Checking the SCSI Termination..............................................................15

Connecting a Serial Cable for Tape Libraries........................................16

Bus Composition .......................................................................................17

Connecting a Power Cable.......................................................................18

Installing the LTO Driver.........................................................................18

Registering Your Tape Drive...................................................................18

Installing a Desktop LTO-3 Tape Drive ........................................................18

Setting the SCSI ID....................................................................................19

Connecting a SCSI Cable..........................................................................19

Checking the SCSI Termination..............................................................20

Connecting a Power Cord........................................................................21

Installing the LTO Driver.........................................................................21

Registering Your Tape Drive...................................................................21

Chapter 3 Operation 23

Understanding the Front Panel Display .......................................................24

Blink Codes .......................................................................................................25

Using LTO Cartridges......................................................................................26

Loading a Cartridge..................................................................................26

Unloading a Cartridge..............................................................................26

Write-protecting a Cartridge ...................................................................27

Cartridge Care and Maintenance............................................................28

Drive Maintenance...........................................................................................28

Cleaning the Tape Drive ..........................................................................29

Parking the Drive for Shipping ......................................................................30

Using the Load/Unload Button to Park the Drive...............................30

Using Software to Park the Drive ...........................................................30

Chapter 4 Theory 31

Track Layout .....................................................................................................31

Recording Method............................................................................................33

Data Buffer ........................................................................................................33

Data Integrity....................................................................................................33

Error-correction Code (ECC)...................................................................34

Servo-tracking Faults................................................................................35

Contents

LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide v

Data Compression............................................................................................ 35

Data Compression Considerations......................................................... 36

Intelligent Data Compression ................................................................. 37

Chapter 5 Specifications 39

Physical Specifications .................................................................................... 40

Power Specifications........................................................................................42

Drive Performance Specifications..................................................................43

Environmental Requirements ........................................................................ 44

Injected Noise............................................................................................45

Reliability .......................................................................................................... 45

Mean Time Between Failures......................................................................... 46

Mean Time to Replace.............................................................................. 47

LTO Cartridge Specifications......................................................................... 47

Environmental Considerations...............................................................47

Cartridge Memory....................................................................................48

Cartridge Reliability................................................................................. 48

Regulatory Compliance ..................................................................................48

Safety Compliance .................................................................................... 48

Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) .................................................. 50

Disposal of Electrical and Electronic Equipment .......................................51

Chapter 6 UNIX Settings 53

A Word About SCSI Controllers....................................................................54

Configuring for the DEC/Compaq UNIX Environment ...........................54

Finding Existing SCSI Controllers and Devices ................................... 54

Configuring Digital UNIX Version 4.0 and later/Compaq

Tru64 Unix 5.x.................................................................................... 54

Configuring for the Sun Environment (Solaris 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 7, 8, and 9)... 55

Finding Current SCSI Controllers and Targets .................................... 55

Types of Controllers ................................................................................. 56

Configuring the Device File st.conf........................................................ 56

Configuring for the IBM AIX Environment (AIX Version 4.1.x

and later) .................................................................................................... 58

Finding Existing SCSI Controllers and Devices ................................... 58

Configuring the LTO-3 Tape Drives using SMIT.................................58

Configuring for SCO Open Server 5.0.x ...................................................... 59

Contents

vi LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide

Finding Existing SCSI Controllers and Devices ...................................59

Configuring the LTO-3 Tape Drive with mkdev..................................60

Configuring for Linux......................................................................................61

Finding Existing SCSI Controllers and Devices ...................................61

Using the LTO-3 Tape Drive ...................................................................62

Configuring for SGI Irix ..................................................................................63

Finding Current SCSI Controllers and Targets.....................................63

Modifying the IRIX Configuration File..................................................63

Configuring for HP-UX 11.0 ...........................................................................64

Finding Current Hardware/Driver Configuration..............................64

Attaching the LTO-3 Tape Drive ............................................................64

Chapter 7 Troubleshooting Guide 67

Installation Best Practices................................................................................67

Follow SCSI Best Practices.......................................................................67

SCSI Host Bus Adapters (HBA) ..............................................................67

Adding the Tape Drive.............................................................................68

Troubleshooting Suggestions .........................................................................69

Computer will not Boot............................................................................69

Computer Boots but Does Not Recognize the Tape Drive..................69

Tape Drive Recognized During System Boot But Not by

Operating System or Application....................................................71

Problems with Tape Drive and Cartridge .............................................72

Emergency Reset and Emergency Cartridge Eject...............................75

Problems During Backup/Restore Operations ....................................75

Index 81

LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide vii

Figures

Figure 1 Typical Internal and Desktop Configurations ......................... 2

Figure 2 Internal LTO-3 Tape Drive Jumper Settings.............................9

Figure 3 Acceptable Mounting Orientations .........................................11

Figure 4 Internal LTO-3 Tape Drive Mounting Dimensions ............ 12

Figure 5 ADI Fixed Board Connector ..................................................... 13

Figure 6 ADI Free Cable Connector ........................................................ 14

Figure 7 Rear View of the Internal LTO-3 Tape drive ....................... 15

Figure 8 Two SCSI Termination Examples for the Internal LTO-3

Tape Drive .................................................................................. 16

Figure 9 Switches and Connectors on the Back of the Desktop

LTO-3 Tape Drive....................................................................... 19

Figure 10 SCSI Termination Examples for the Desktop LTO-3

Tape Drive .................................................................................. 20

Figure 11 Generic Front Panel Display .................................................... 24

Figure 12 Ultrium Cartridge Showing Write-Protect Switch................ 27

Figure 13 Layout of the Tracks on LTO Ultrium Tapes ........................ 32

Figure 14 Internal LTO-3 Tape Drive Dimensions..................................41

Figures

viii LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide

LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide ix

Tables

Table 1 ISCSI IDs and Jumper Settings for an Internal LTO-3

Tape Drive..................................................................................... 9

Table 2 Serial Interface Connector Pin Assignments (LTO-3)........... 16

Table 3 ADT Bus Connections................................................................17

Table 4 LTO-3 Tape Drive Blink Codes ................................................ 25

Table 5 Physical Specifications...............................................................40

Table 6 Voltage and Current .................................................................. 42

Table 7 Power Dissipation ...................................................................... 42

Table 8 Drive Performance Specifications............................................43

Table 9 Environmental Requirements................................................... 44

Table 10 Reliability.....................................................................................46

Table 11 Environmental Tolerances ........................................................ 47

Tables

x LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide

LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide xi

Preface

The LTO-3 Tape Drive is a high-performance 16-channel tape drive that

complies with the LTO interchange specifications. The drive is suited for

mid-range to high-end servers, mainframe systems, and tape library

automation systems.

Audience This document was written for users of the LTO-3 Tape Drive.

Purpose This document provides information about the LTO-3 Tape Drive

including:

• Installation

• Unpacking

• Basic library operations

• Specifications

•UNIX Settings

• Troubleshooting

Preface

xii LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide

Document Organization

This User’s Guide describes how to install, configure, and care for the LTO-3 desktop and internal tape drives. Please read the appropriate chapters and appendixes carefully, and keep this Guide handy for future reference.

• Chapter 1,

Overview, Unpacking Instructions and Quick Start

provides on overview of LTO-3 Tape Drive and its features as well as handling precautions and unpacking tips. It provides quick-start instructions for getting the drives up and running in the shortest possible time.

• Chapter 2,

Installation provides installation instructions for the

internal and desktop drives. It provides a summary of cabling and connector specifications.

• Chapter 3,

Operation explains the use and operation of the drive and

describes maintenance procedures, including drive “parking.”

• Chapter 4,

Theory describes the theory of operation behind the

drives, including the technology used in various drive components.

• Chapter 5,

Specifications contains detailed drive and cartridge

specifications, as well as a summary of regulatory approvals and WEEE Compliance statement.

• Chapter 6,

UNIX Settings describes the settings for Unix systems.

• Chapter 7,

Troubleshooting Guide provides troubleshooting

procedures you can follow in the unlikely event you encounter a problem with your drive.

This document concludes with a detailed index.

Notational Conventions

This manual uses the following conventions:

Note: Notes emphasize important information related to the main

topic.

Tech Tip: Tech Tips provide technical information which may be

helpful in performing the procedure.

Preface

LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide xiii

Related Documents

Refer to the appropriate product manuals for information about your tape drive and cartridges.

SCSI-2 Specification

The SCSI-2 communications specification is the proposed American National Standard for information systems, dated March 9, 1990. Copies may be obtained from:

Global Engineering Documents 15 Inverness Way, East Englewood, CO 80112 (800) 854-7179 or (303) 397-2740

Contacts Quantum company contacts are listed below.

Quantum Corporate Headquarters

To order documentation on the LTO-3 Tape Drive or other products contact:

Quantum Corporation P.O. Box 57100 Irvine, CA 92619-7100 (949) 856-7800 (800) 284-5101

Caution: Cautions indicate potential hazards to equipment and are

included to prevent damage to equipment.

Warning: Warnings indicate potential hazards to personal safety and

are included to prevent injury.

Preface

xiv LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide

Technical Publications 0

To comment on existing documentation send e-mail to:

doc-comments@quantum.com

Quantum Home Page 0

Visit the Quantum home page at:

www.quantum.com

Customer Support 0

The Quantum Customer Support Department provides a 24-hour help desk that can be reached at:

North/South America: (949) 725-2100 or (800) 284-5101

Asia/Pacific Rim: (International Code) + 61 7 3839 0988

Europe/Middle East/Africa: (International Code) + 44 (0) 1256 848748

Send faxes for the Customer Support Department to:

North/South America: (949) 725-2176

Asia/Pacific Rim: (International Code) + 61 7 3839 0955

Europe/Middle East/Africa: (International Code) + 44 (0) 1256 848777

Send e-mail for the Customer Support Department to:

Asia/Pacific Rim: apachelp@quantum.com

Europe/Middle East/Africa: eurohelp@quantum.com

Visit our web site:

www.quantum.com/support

LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide 1

Chapter 1

1Overview, Unpacking

Instructions and Quick Start

This chapter provides an overview of this product and a quick start guide. It also discusses unpacking and inspection considerations.

Topics covered in this chapter are:

• Overview

• Internal Tape Drive Guidelines and Cautions

• Quick Start Guide

• Internal Tape Drive Guidelines and Cautions

Overview 1

The LTO-3 is a high-performance 16-channel tape drive that complies with the LTO interchange specifications. The drive is suited for midrange to high-end servers, mainframe systems, and tape library automation systems.

The LTO-3 Tape Drive uses Ultrium data cartridges. Its capacity is maximized using intelligent data compression. The drive has a native capacity of 400 Gbytes (800 Gbytes assuming 2:1 data compression).

Chapter 1 Overview, Unpacking Instructions and Quick Start Overview

2 LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide

Drive Configurations

The LTO-3 Tape Drive has a 5¼-inch, full-height form factor, with automatic electromechanical cartridge soft load. The drive is available as an internal and a desktop drive.

• Internal LTO-3 Tape Drive fits in a 5¼-inch full-height drive bay.

• Desktop LTO-3 Tape Drive is a stand-alone unit with a built-in power supply.

Figure 1 Typical Internal and Desktop Configurations

Features 1 The following list summarizes the key features of the LTO-3 Tape Drive.

•Performance

• Up to 68 Mbytes-per-second native transfer.

• 13-Speed Transfer matches tape drive speed to that of the host — optimizes data transfers, resulting in shorter backup times and increased reliability.

• Two convenient form-factors:

• 5¼-inch internal form-factor for installation in a 5¼-inch half-

height space.

• External desktop form-factor.

Chapter 1 Overview, Unpacking Instructions and Quick Start

Unpacking and Inspection

LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide 3

• Intelligent data compression maximizes performance and capacity by analyzing compressibility prior to recording.

• Cartridge memory enables fast loading of cartridges and stores pertinent information about the media.

• 128-Mbyte data buffer for high-performance.

• Tape Alert drive performance monitoring and reporting.

• Third generation read channel for increased maturity and data integrity.

• Patented head positioner for increased data integrity.

• Shock damped isolated chassis.

• MediaShield increases media life through managed airflow dynamics with isolated HTI chamber.

• SmartVerify includes two levels of ECC for extra data safety and protection from errors.

• Reliable tape picking implementation for increased reliability.

• Custom-designed LSI circuitry for fast, efficient data processing.

• RISC processors for fast, efficient data processing.

• Supports a wide variety of UNIX platforms

Unpacking and Inspection 1

Although drives are inspected and carefully packaged at the factory, damage may occur during shipping. Follow these steps for unpacking the drive.

1 Visually inspect the shipping containers and notify your carrier

immediately of any damage.

2 Place shipping containers on a flat, clean, stable surface; then

carefully remove the contents. If the equipment is damaged, notify your Quantum representative.

3 Always save the containers and packing materials for any future

reshipment.

Chapter 1 Overview, Unpacking Instructions and Quick Start Quick Start Guide

4 LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide

Quick Start Guide 1

Use the following quick-start instructions to get your tape drive up and running as quickly as possible.

Internal LTO-3 Tape Drive Quick Start

Use the following procedure to install the internal LTO-3 Tape Drive. Print the page and check each step as you complete it. If you need more information about a step, turn to the section referenced in the step.



1 Unpack the contents of your drive package, and check for damaged items.

See Internal Tape Drive Guidelines and Cautions

on page 5.



2 Review the drive’s default settings and change them if necessary:

• SCSI ID: 6

• Terminator Power: Disabled See Configuring an LVD Drive

on page 8.



3 Turn off your computer, remove its covers and power cable, and select a mounting bay

for the drive. See Mounting the Internal LTO-3 Tape Drive

on page 11.



4 Connect a SCSI interface cable to the drive.

See Connecting a SCSI Cable

on page 14.



5 Terminate the SCSI bus if the internal tape drive is the last device on the SCSI bus.

See Checking the SCSI Termination

on page 15.



6 Connect a serial cable, if connecting the tape drive to a tape library.

See Connecting a Serial Cable for Tape Libraries

on page 16.



7 Connect a power cable to the drive.

See Bus Composition

on page 17.



8 Replace the computer covers and power cable, turn on the computer, and verify that

the internal tape drive is operating properly.



9 Register your tape drive.

See Registering Your Tape Drive

on page 18.

Chapter 1 Overview, Unpacking Instructions and Quick Start

Internal Tape Drive Guidelines and Cautions

LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide 5

Desktop LTO-3 Tape Drive Quick Start

Use the following procedure to install the desktop LTO-3 Tape Drive. Print the page and check each step as you complete it. If you need more information about a step, turn to the section referenced in the step.

Internal Tape Drive Guidelines and Cautions 1

The following guidelines and cautions apply to handling and installing internal tape drives. Keep them in mind as you install the drive.

• Handle the drive by the sides rather than by the top cover to reduce the risk of dropping the drive or damaging it during installation.

• Internal drives contain some exposed components that are sensitive to static electricity. To reduce possible damage from static discharge, the drives are shipped in a protective antistatic bag. Do not remove the drive from the antistatic bag until you are ready to install it.



1 Unpack the contents of your drive package, and check for damaged items.

See Internal Tape Drive Guidelines and Cautions

on page 5.



2 Review the drive’s default settings and change them if necessary:

• SCSI ID: 6 See Setting the SCSI ID

on page 19.



3 Connect a SCSI interface cable to the drive.

See Connecting a SCSI Cable

on page 19.



4 Check the SCSI termination.

See Checking the SCSI Termination

on page 20.



5 Connect a power cable to the drive.

See Connecting a Power Cord

on page 21.



6 Turn on the computer, turn on the desktop tape drive, and verify that the desktop tape

drive is operating properly.



7 Register your tape drive.

See Registering Your Tape Drive

on page 21.

Chapter 1 Overview, Unpacking Instructions and Quick Start Internal Tape Drive Guidelines and Cautions

6 LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide

• Before you remove the drive from the antistatic bag, touch a metal or grounded surface to discharge any static electricity buildup from your body.

• Always lay the drive either on top of the antistatic bag or place it inside of the bag to reduce possible damage from static discharge.

• Install LVD drives only in an LVD environment. Do not mix HVD and LVD devices on the same SCSI bus.

• Due to the speed of the LTO-3 Tape Drive, it is recommended that a maximum of one LTO-3 Tape Drive be connected to one host SCSI adapter.

LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide 7

Chapter 2

2Installation

This chapter explains how to install the internal and desktop LTO-3 Tape Drives.

Topics covered in this chapter are:

• Installing an Internal LTO-3 Tape Drive

• Installing a Desktop LTO-3 Tape Drive

Drive Installation Instructions 2

After unpacking and inspecting your shipping containers and reviewing the installation guidelines and cautions, proceed to the appropriate section in this chapter for instructions on installing your LTO-3 Tape Drive.

• Installing an Internal LTO-3 Tape Drive

• Installing a Desktop LTO-3 Tape Drive

on page 18.

Chapter 2 Installation Installing an Internal LTO-3 Tape Drive

8 LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide

Installing an Internal LTO-3 Tape Drive 2

Installing an internal LTO-3 Tape Drive with an Ultra 160 SCSI LVD interface involves the following steps:

1 Configuring an LVD Drive 2 Mounting the Internal LTO-3 Tape Drive on page 11 3 Connecting a SCSI Cable

on page 14

4 Checking the SCSI Termination

on page 15

5 Connecting a Serial Cable for Tape Libraries

on page 16

6 Bus Composition

on page 17

7 Registering Your Tape Drive

on page 18

Configuring an LVD Drive

Before you install the LVD tape drive in your computer, you may need to configure the drive’s SCSI ID and terminator power features. The default configuration settings for the LTO-3 Tape Drive is:

• SCSI ID: 6

• Terminator power: disabled

If you need to change these settings, refer to the following sections. Otherwise, proceed to Mounting the Internal LTO-3 Tape Drive

SCSI ID

Jumper Pins: 1–2, 3–4, 5–6, 7–8 Default Setting: SCSI ID 6

Each SCSI device on the bus must have its own unique SCSI ID. The internal tape drive is shipped with a default SCSI ID of 6. If another SCSI device in the SCSI chain is using this ID, use jumper pins 1–2, 3–4, 5–6,

Chapter 2 Installation

Installing an Internal LTO-3 Tape Drive

LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide 9

and 7–8 to change the SCSI ID of the LTO-3 Tape Drive (see table 1 and

table 2

), or assign a unique SCSI ID to the other SCSI device.

Figure 2 Internal LTO-3 Tape Drive Jumper Settings

Table 1 ISCSI IDs and Jumper Settings for an Internal L TO-3 Tape Drive

Note: The SCSI controller or host adapter generally uses ID 7. In

some systems, the boot drive uses ID 0 or ID 1. Avoid setting your drive’s SCSI ID to these settings.

SCSI ID

Jumpers

1–2 3–4 5–6 7–8

0 Open Open Open Open

1 Shunted Open Open Open

SCSI ID=0 SCSI ID=1 SCSI ID=2 SCSI ID=3 SCSI ID=4 SCSI ID=5 SCSI ID=6 SCSI ID=7

SCSI ID=8 SCSI ID=9 SCSI ID=10 SCSI ID=11 SCSI ID=12 SCSI ID=13 SCSI ID=14 SCSI ID=15 Term. power

Pins: Function

1-2 SCSI ID bit 0

3-4 SCSI ID bit 1 5-6 SCSI ID bit 2 7-8 SCSI ID bit 3

9-10 Reserved

11-12 Termination Power

Drive Configuration Jumpers Pins

Jumper Settings

Drive Configuration

Jumpers Pins

Default Settings:

Chapter 2 Installation Installing an Internal LTO-3 Tape Drive

10 LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide

Terminator Power 2

By default, terminator power is disabled on the internal LTO-3 Tape Drive. To enable terminator power, place a jumper across pins 11 and 12.

2 Open Shunted Open Open

3 Shunted Shunted Open Open

4 Open Open Shunted Open

5 Shunted Open Shunted Open

6 (default) Open Shunted Shunted Open

8 Open Open Open Shunted

9 Shunted Open Open Shunted

10 Open Shunted Open Shunted

11 Shunted Shunted Open Shunted

12 Open Open Shunted Shunted

13 Shunted Open Shunted Shunted

14 Open Shunted Shunted Shunted

15 Shunted Shunted Shunted Shunted

Note: The internal LTO-3 Tape Drive does not provide SCSI

termination. Thus, a terminator must be installed on the drive if it is the last device in a SCSI chain.

SCSI ID

Jumpers

1–2 3–4 5–6 7–8

Chapter 2 Installation

Installing an Internal LTO-3 Tape Drive

LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide 11

Mounting the Internal LTO-3 Tape Drive

You can mount the internal LTO-3 Tape Drive either horizontally or vertically, with the drive’s left side facing up (see figure 3

If you mount the drive:

• Vertically the left side of the drive must face up and the side of the drive should be within 5 degrees of horizontal.

• Horizontally, the base of the drive must be within 15 degrees of horizontal and the drive must not be upside down.

Figure 3 Acceptable Mounting Orientations

Mount the drive in a 5.25-inch, full-height drive bay and secure it using two M3.0 X 5 metric screws on each side of the drive. Do not use screws longer than 5 mm or you may damage the drive. Figure 4

shows the locations of the mounting-screw holes on the side and bottom of the drive, respectively.

Yes Yes No No

Chapter 2 Installation Installing an Internal LTO-3 Tape Drive

12 LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide

Figure 4 Internal LTO-3 Tape Drive Mounting Dimensions

Connector Detail 2 Two connectors are specified, a fixed board connector and a free cable

connector.

ADI Fixed Board Connector

The fixed board connector (see figure 5) is intended to be attached to a circuit board in a removable medium device. It may also be used in the automation device containing the removable medium device. The attachment of the connector to the circuit board that is, surface mount or through-hole) is beyond the scope of this standard. The location of the

84.3

147.8

48.90 ± 0.60

From Upper Bezel

Mounting Tabs

48.90 ± 0.60

From Upper Bezel

Mounting Tabs

Length of Drive

without Bezel

(Less connectors)

205.0 Max.

212.0 Max.

4 x M3.0 x 5.0 Deep

9.90 ± 0.20

189.70 ± 0.20

146.05 ± 0.25

79.24 ± 0.20

21.80 ± 0.20

79.24 ± 0.20

55.9

82.6 Max

4 x M3.0 Nearside 4 x M3.0 Farside

Chapter 2 Installation

Installing an Internal LTO-3 Tape Drive

LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide 13

connector in a removable medium or automation device is beyond the scope of this standard.

Figure 5 ADI Fixed Board Connector

ADI Free Cable Connector

The free cable connector is intended to mate with the fixed board connector (see figure 6

Chapter 2 Installation Installing an Internal LTO-3 Tape Drive

14 LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide

Figure 6 ADI Free Cable Connector

When the ADI free cable connector is used on both ends of a cable, likenumbered pins shall be connected together, that is, pin 1 on end A is wired to pin 1 on end B, pin 2 on end A to pin 2 on end B, and so forth.

Connecting a SCSI Cable

The internal LTO-3 Tape Drive has an Ultra 160 SCSI interface, terminated by a 68-pin LVD SCSI connector. Use the following procedure to connect a SCSI cable to this connector.

1 Turn off all power to the drive and the computer. 2 Attach the SCSI interface cable to the 68-pin SCSI interface connector

on the back of the drive (see figure 7

Chapter 2 Installation

Installing an Internal LTO-3 Tape Drive

LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide 15

Figure 7 Rear View of the Internal LTO-3 Tape drive

Checking the SCSI Termination

The Internal LTO-3 Tape Drive does not provide SCSI termination. You must place a SCSI bus terminator or a SCSI device with termination enabled at the end of the SCSI chain. Two examples of SCSI termination are shown in figure 8

The Internal LTO-3 Tape Drive provides terminator power if a jumper is placed on the termination power jumper pins (see Terminator Power

Caution: Install an LVD drive only in an LVD environment.

Serial Library Port

68-pin SCSI connector

Drive configuration jumper pins

Power connector

Pin 1

Chapter 2 Installation Installing an Internal LTO-3 Tape Drive

16 LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide

Figure 8 Two SCSI T ermination Examples for the Internal LTO-3 Tape Drive

Connecting a Serial Cable for Tape Libraries

The internal LTO-3 Tape Drive includes an RS-422 serial interface for tape libraries. This connector is an in-line shrouded and keyed 10-pin 2 mm connector. It is located on the lower left side of the back of the drive (see

figure 7

). Table 2 shows the pin descriptions for the serial interface

connector.

Table 2 Serial Interface Connector Pin Assignments (LTO-3)

Pin Number Description Pin Number Description

+Txa - Rx

Sense

-Txa - Rx

Sense

Ground

Reset

-Txd - Rx

Signal

aux

+Txd - Rx

Sense

aux

SCSI Controller

(termination enabled)

Tape drive

SCSI device

SCSI device (termination

enabled)

(termination disabled)

(no termination)

SCSI Terminator

SCSI Controller

(termination enabled)

Tape drive

(no termination)

Chapter 2 Installation

Installing an Internal LTO-3 Tape Drive

LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide 17

Bus Composition 2 Table 3 defines the connections that make up the ADT bus. With the

exception of Sense

and Sensed this standard defines the behavior of these

connections only when an initiator port asserts Sense

and the target port

asserts Sense

Table 3 ADT Bus Connections

Connection Name O/M

Connection Type Driven By Connection Definition

Reset

O Signal automation

port

An automation device may use this connection to signal a reset request to a data transfer device. A data transfer device shall treat the receipt of a signal on this connection as a port logout

Sense

M Sense automation

port

A data transfer device shall use this connection to sense the presence or absence of an automation device on the ADT bus.

Sense

aux

O Sense A vendor unique sense connection. This

standard does not define the use of this connection.

Sense

M Sense DTD port An automation device shall use this

connection to sense the presence or absence of a data transfer device on the ADT bus.

Signal

aux

O Signal A vendor unique signal connection. This

standarddoes not define the use of this connection.

- Rx

M Tx-Rx automation

port

An automation device shall use this connection to send serialized data. A data transfer device shall receive serialized data on this connection.

- Rx

M Tx-Rx DTD port A data transfer device shall use this

connection to send serialized data. An automation device shall receive serialized data on this connection.

Chapter 2 Installation Installing a Desktop LT O-3 Tape Drive

18 LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide

Connecting a Power Cable

Attach a four-pin power cable to the power connector on the back of the drive. Figure 7

shows the location of the power connector.

The recommended 4-pin power connector for internal drives is an AMP 1-48024-0 housing with AMP 60617-1 pins or equivalent.

Installing the LTO Driver

If you intend to use your drive with the Microsoft native backup applet on Windows Server 2003, Windows XP, or Microsoft Windows 2000 operating system, install the appropriate LTO driver. See the Resource CD.

This driver is not necessary with commercial backup application

software.

Registering Your Tape Drive

After you install the internal tape drive, be sure to register it. Registering your drive ensures that you will receive the latest information about your drive, as well as other product, service, and support information. For your convenience, you can register your drive through our Web site at

www.quantum.com/registration

Installing a Desktop LTO-3 Tape Drive 2

The desktop LTO-3 Tape Drive is a compact subsystem that connects to the host computer through a SCSI port. Installing a desktop drive involves the following steps:

1 Setting the SCSI ID 2 Connecting a SCSI Cable 3 Checking the SCSI Termination 4 Connecting a Power Cord 5 Registering Your Tape Drive

Chapter 2 Installation

Installing a Desktop LTO-3 Tape Drive

LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide 19

Setting the SCSI ID2 Each SCSI device on the bus must have its own unique SCSI ID. The

desktop tape drive is shipped with a default SCSI ID of 6. Avoid setting drive ID to 7. If another SCSI device in the SCSI chain is already using this ID, either use the push-button switch on the back of the drive to change the drive’s SCSI ID (see figure 9

) or assign a unique SCSI ID to the other

SCSI device.

If you change the SCSI ID on the tape drive, turn off the tape drive before changing the SCSI ID. The change takes effect when you turn on the drive.

Figure 9 Switches and Connectors on the Back of the Desktop LTO-3 Tape Drive

Connecting a SCSI Cable

The desktop LTO-3 Tape Drive has two 68-pin, shielded SCSI interface connectors (ANSI Alternative 2) on the rear panel (see figure 9

). These connectors consist of two rows of ribbon contacts spaced 2.16 mm (0.085 in) apart. Either connector can be used as a SCSI IN or SCSI OUT

Note: The SCSI controller or host adapter generally uses ID 7. In

some systems, the boot drive uses ID 0 or ID 1. Avoid setting your drive’s SCSI ID to these settings.

–

Chapter 2 Installation Installing a Desktop LT O-3 Tape Drive

20 LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide

connection. This means you can use either connector to attach the drive to a host computer or to another SCSI device.

1 Turn off all power to the drive and the computer. 2 Attach the SCSI interface cable to one of the 68-pin SCSI interface

connectors on the back of the drive (see figure 9

Checking the SCSI Termination

If the desktop LTO-3 Tape Drive is the last or only device in a SCSI chain, install a terminating plug on the unused SCSI connector. See figure 10

for

two SCSI termination examples.

Figure 10 SCSI T ermination Examples for the Desktop LTO-3 Tape Drive

Note: Termination power is enabled as a default for desktop drives.

External

Tape Drive

CSI Controller

(

termination enabled)

External SCSI device

External

Tape Drive

SCSI Terminators

SCSI Controlle

(termination disable

Internal SCSI device

(termination enabled)

Example 1: SCSI termination in a system that has only external SCSI devices.

External SCSI device

Example 2: SCSI termination in a system that has both internal and external SCSI devices.

Chapter 2 Installation

Installing a Desktop LTO-3 Tape Drive

LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide 21

Connecting a Power Cord

Attach the power cord securely to the power connector on the back of the desktop LTO-3 Tape Drive (see figure 9

Installing the LTO Driver

If you intend to use your drive with either the Microsoft Windows Server 2003, Windows XP, or Microsoft Windows 2000 operating system, install the LTO driver. See the Resource CD.

This driver is not necessary with

commercial backup application software

Registering Your Tape Drive

After you install the desktop tape drive, be sure to register it. Registering your drive ensures that you will receive the latest information about your drive, as well as other product, service, and support information. For your convenience, you can register your drive through our Web site at

www.quantum.com/registration

Chapter 2 Installation Installing a Desktop LT O-3 Tape Drive

22 LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide

LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide 23

Chapter 3

3Operation

This chapter describes how to operate the LTO-3 Tape Drive. Topics covered in this chapter are:

• Understanding the Front Panel Display

• Blink Codes

• Using LTO Cartridges

• Drive Maintenance

• Parking the Drive for Shipping

Chapter 3 Operation Understanding the Front Panel Display

24 LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide

Understanding the Front Panel Display 3

Figure 11 shows a view of the LTO-3 front-panel display.

Figure 11 Generic Front Panel Display

The LTO-3 Tape Drive has four LEDs on the front panel. The LED colors and functions are summarized below.

•

Power LED (green)

•

Activity LED (green)

•

Error LED (orange)

•

Status LED (amber)

The

Activity, Error, and Status LEDs blink or go on to indicate information

about the tape drive. For more information about the

blink codes

associated with these LEDs, see Blink Codes

Power LED

Error LED Status LED Tape load/unload

button

Activity LED

Chapter 3 Operation

Blink Codes

LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide 25

Blink Codes 3

Table 4 summarizes the blink codes for the LTO-3 Tape Drive.

Table 4 LTO-3 Tape Drive Blink Codes

Drive Condition Activity LED

(Green)

Error LED (Orange)

Status LED (Amber)

Cleaning Request ON

Hardware error Fast

Positioning – loading, unloading, rewinding, spacing, or locating

Slow

Tape Active – writing, reading, or verifying

Slow

Manual intervention required

Power-On-Self-Test (POST) failure

Fast ON

Cleaning cartridge present

ON ON

Cleaning cartridge at EOT

ON Fast

Servo initialization Slow Slow

Power-On-Self-Test (POST) in progress

Slow Slow Slow

Cleaning failure or media error

Fast Fast

Microcode download Fast Slow Fast

Chapter 3 Operation Using L TO Cartridges

26 LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide

Using LTO Cartridges 3

Loading a Cartridge

To load an Ultrium cartridge into the LTO-3 Tape Drive:

• Place the cartridge in the slot and gently push until the cartridge is sensed and automatically retracted into the drive.

• If the cartridge is already in the slot from a previous ejection, gently extract the cartridge partially and then gently push in until the cartridge is sensed and automatically retracted into the drive.

• If the cartridge is already in the slot from a previous ejection, a SCSI command or Library command can be issued to automatically retract the cartridge into the drive.

• If the cartridge is already in the slot from a previous ejection, the

Load/Unload button can be depressed to automatically retract the

cartridge into the drive.

Unloading a Cartridge

To unload an Ultrium cartridge from the LTO-3 Tape Drive, either:

• Use a library or host command to unload the tape, or

•Push the

Load/Unload button on the front of the drive.

Microcode download error

Fast Fast Fast

Note:

ON refers to a constant light; Slow refers to a blink rate of 1/2 second on, 1/2 second off; Fast refers to a blink rate of 1/8 second on, 1/8 second off.

Drive Condition Activity LED

(Green)

Error LED (Orange)

Status LED (Amber)

Chapter 3 Operation

Using LTO Cartridges

LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide 27

Write-protecting a Cartridge

Ultrium cartridges have a sliding write-protect switch near the back right corner of the cartridge, see figure 12

• If you slide the switch to the position farthest from the corner of the cartridge, data can be read from the cartridge but not written to it.

• If you slide the switch all the way toward the corner, see figure 12

data can be read from and written to the cartridge.

Figure 12 Ultrium Cartridge Showing Write-Protect Switch

Caution: Several seconds may elapse between the time you press the

Load/Unload button and the time the cartridge is ejected.

Do not power down the tape drive or the host computer until the drive has completely ejected the cartridge.

Note: LTO cartridges have prewritten servo patterns and should

not be bulk erased.

Chapter 3 Operation Drive Maintenance

28 LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide

Cartridge Care and Maintenance

To protect the data on your Ultrium data cartridges, observe the following precautions:

• Always remove the cartridge from the drive when not in use and store it in its protective case.

• Do not expose cartridges to dirt, dust, or moisture.

• Do not touch the tape media within a cartridge.

• Do not use data cartridges outside the specified operating conditions: 10

C to 40o C, 20% to 80% relative humidity.

If a data cartridge has been exposed to temperature or humidity changes within the limits listed above, allow the tape cartridge to acclimate to its surroundings for at least one hour before use.

If, during storage and/or transportation, a data cartridge has been exposed to conditions outside the above range, it must be conditioned before use in the operating environment. The conditioning process requires exposure to the operating environment for a time equal to, or greater than, the time away from the operating environment, up to a maximum of 24 hours.

• Keep the cartridge away from direct sunlight and heat sources, such as radiators, heaters or warm air ducts.

• Keep the cartridge away from sources of electromagnetic fields, such as telephones, computer monitors, dictation equipment, mechanical or printing calculators, motors, magnetic tools, and bulk erasers.

• Avoid dropping the cartridges. This can damage components inside the cartridge, possibly rendering the tape unusable. If a tape is dropped it is advisable to open the cartridge door and make sure that the leader pin is in the correct position. A dropped cartridge should be retensioned before use.

• Do not bulk erase Ultrium cartridges. Bulk-erased cartridges cannot be reformatted by the tape drive and will be rendered unusable.

Drive Maintenance 3

The Ultrium drive requires little or no maintenance. However, the drive mechanism may need to be cleaned.

Chapter 3 Operation

Drive Maintenance

LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide 29

Cleaning the Tape Drive

Excessive tape debris or other material may accumulate on the tape heads if the drive is used with non-approved media or operated in a hot, dusty environment. In this case, the drive may experience excessive errors while reading or writing, and the amber

Status LED remains on

continuously during operation. This means that the drive heads need to be cleaned.

The LTO cleaning cartridge has the same dimensions as the data cartridge and contains an LTO-CM (Cartridge Memory), but is loaded with cleaning media instead of recording media. Always keep the cleaning cartridge in its protective case when not in use.

To clean the drive, insert an LTO Ultrium cleaning cartridge. During the cleaning process, both the

Status and Drive LEDs remain lit. After the

cleaning process is completed, the cartridge may be ejected automatically, or you may need to press the load/unload button to remove the cartridge, depending on the drive configuration. Each time you use the cleaning cartridge, write the date on the label for future reference.

Each time the drive is cleaned, the tape advances to a new, unused section of media. After approximately 50 cleanings, all of the media will be used up and you should discard the cleaning cartridge. When a cleaning cartridge is used up, the amber

Status LED flashes, while the

green

Drive LED remains on. Do not reuse a spent cleaning cartridge

Note: If the

Status LED comes on continuously within 24 hours after

a cleaning cycle, perform the cleaning cycle again. If, after three cleaning cycles in a 72-hour period, the

Status LED lights

up again, contact Customer Support.

Note: The cleaning procedure will not run and the cleaning cartridge

will be ejected in the following circumstances:

• The drive does not recognize the cartridge as an LTO cleaning cartridge.

• All of the tape on the cleaning cartridge has been used up (at EOT). In this case, the

Status LED will flash rapidly

while the

Drive LED remains on.

Chapter 3 Operation Parking the Drive for Shipping

30 LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide

Parking the Drive for Shipping 3

Quantum recommends that you “park” the LTO-3 Tape Drive before shipping it or placing it in an environment where they may be subject to physical shock. Parking the drive moves the tape mechanism to the configuration that is resilient to shock. You can park the LTO-3 Tape Drive using the

Load/Unload button on the front of the drive, or by

running special software on your host system. In either case, the drive must be powered up to enter park mode.

Using the Load/ Unload Button to Park the Drive

To park the drive manually, press and hold the Load/Unload button for 15 seconds or more. After you release the

Load/Unload button, the green

Drive LED lights up and the parking process begins. During the parking

process, the picker arm moves into the take-up reel.

When the process is complete, the

Drive LED goes off, indicating that the

drive has been successfully parked.

After parking the drive, you can turn off the drive and pack it for shipping. When you turn the drive on again, it automatically returns to normal operating mode.

If you need to unpark the drive without cycling power, press and hold the

Load/Unload button for more that 5 seconds, but less than 15 seconds.

LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide 31

Chapter 4

4Theory

This chapter describes operational theories used in the LTO-3 Tape Drive.

The topics covered in this chapter are:

• Track Layout

• Recording Method

• Data Buffer

• Data Integrity

• Data Compression

Tr ack Layout 4

With the LTO-3 Tape Drive, there are 704 data tracks on the LTO tape, numbered 0 through 703. Data track 703 is the track closest to the bottom edge of the tape (the reference edge).

The area between adjacent servo bands is a data band. There are 4 data bands, each of which includes 176 data tracks. The data bands are numbered 2,0,1,3. Data band 2 is closest to the bottom edge of the tape.

Chapter 4 Theory Track Layout

32 LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide

A track group is a set of tracks that is recorded concurrently. The sets of 11 data tracks in a data band are data sub bands. There are 16 data sub bands per data band. The data tracks are accessed in a serpentine manner.

A wrap is a track group recorded in the physical forward or physical reverse direction. The wraps are recorded in a serpentine fashion starting in data band 0. The tape contains 44 track groups, 22 written in the forward direction and 22 written in the reverse direction. Even-numbered wraps are recorded in the forward direction (BOT to EOT), and oddnumbered wraps are recorded in the reverse direction (EOT to BOT).

Figure 13

shows the layout of data on an LTO tape.

Figure 13 Layout of the Tracks on LTO Ultrium Tapes

Tape edge

DATA BAN

Servo band

Even # wrap

Odd # wrap

Sub band 0

Sub bands 1 through 14 (not shown)

Beginning of tape (BOT)

End of tape (EOT)

Sub band 15

Tape edge

Servo band

Even # wrap

Odd # wrap

0 5

Chapter 4 Theory

Recording Method

LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide 33

Recording Method 4

The LTO-3 Tape Drive records data using write-equalized (0,13/11) Run Length Limited (RLL) code. RLL (0,13/11) Data bits are defined as follows:

•

ONE is represented by a flux transition at the center of a bit-cell.

•

ZERO is represented by no flux transition in the bit-cell.

Data Buffer 4

In its default configuration, the LTO-3 Tape Drive has a 128-Mbyte buffer. The buffer controller has a burst transfer rate of 320 Mbytes/sec, and utilizes bank switching to achieve a maximum average bandwidth of nearly 240 Mbytes/sec. The high bandwidth is needed to support lookaside data compression in the case of compressible data being transferred from SCSI at 160 Mbytes/sec.

Data Integrity 4

The mechanical and electrical design of the drives ensures that drive performance does not degrade over a drive’s operating life. Changes in head alignment, head wear, component drift, and other factors are minimized to ensure that data integrity and interchange capability are not compromised over the drive's operating life. In addition, the drive incorporates adaptive FIR filters that are capable of modifying the equalization of each read channel dynamically to compensate for many of those changes.

The error rate of the LTO-3 Tape Drive is less than 1 hard error in 10

bits. The drive’s undetectable error rate is 1 in 10

bits read.

Chapter 4 Theory Data Integrity

34 LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide

Error-correction Code (ECC)

The use of Cyclic Redundancy Checking (CRC), two-level orthogonal Error Correction Coding (ECC) provides a very low probability of encountering a hard error. During the read process, ECC correction is performed on the fly without affecting tape streaming.

There are two levels of Error Correction Coding (ECC). These two levels are orthogonal — that is, an ECC codeword at one level intersects ECC codewords at the other level just once, which means there will be only one common symbol between them. The two levels are called C1 and C2.

C1 ECC

As data is written to memory from the Data Processing unit, the DMA / ECC interface generates C1 ECC bytes and writes them to memory.

As data is written to tape, the C1 ECC is checked and an interrupt generated if there is an error. The C1 ECC read from memory is the ECC that is written to tape.

When data is read from tape and stored into memory, C1 ECC is checked.

• If the C1 ECC is good, that codeword pair’s “Valid” bit is set.

• Otherwise, a pointer to the invalid Codeword Pair is passed to the C1 ECC correction engine.

• If the C1 ECC correction engine can correct the error, then the

corrected bytes are written to memory, and the Valid bit is set.

• Otherwise, the Valid bit is left cleared.

As data is read from memory to the Data Processor for decompression, the C1 ECC is again checked and an interrupt generated if it is not correct.

C2 ECC

C2 ECC involves three distinct operations:

Encoding: Generating C2 ECC bytes from data bytes (performed by

ECC co-processor hardware)

Decoding: Generating ECC syndromes from data and ECC bytes,

testing for all-zeroes (performed by ECC co-processor hardware)

Chapter 4 Theory

Data Compression

LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide 35

3 Correction: Generating corrected data from syndromes.

The correction depends on the number and types of errors involved:

• For one known C1 codeword pair in error in a sub-data set (C2 codeword), the operation is performed by the ECC co-processor hardware.

• For two or more known C1 codeword pairs in error, the matrix is computed by firmware and the correction is performed by hardware.

• For one or more unknown C1 codeword pairs, syndromes are generated by hardware, error location is computed by firmware, the matrix is computed by firmware and the correction is performed by hardware.

Servo-tracking Faults

During a write operation, if the servo system detects an error that may result in adjacent data tracks being over-written, the write operation is aborted. The write operation will not continue until the correct servo tracking is re-established.

Data Compression 4

Typical data streams of text, graphics, software code, or other forms of data contain repeated information of some sort, whether it is at the text level where you can readily recognize regular repetitions of a single word, or at the binary level where the repetitions are in bits or bytes. Although most data is unique and random, the binary level data exhibits patterns of various sizes that repeat with varying degrees of regularity.

Storage efficiency is increased if the redundancies or repetition in the data are removed before the data is recorded to tape. Data compression technology significantly reduces or eliminates redundancies in data before recording the information to tape. This increases the amount of data that can be stored on a finite medium and increases the overall storage efficiency of the system.

With data compression, the redundant information in a data stream is identified and represented by codewords or symbols, which allow the same data to be recorded in a fewer number of bits. These codewords or

Chapter 4 Theory Data Compression

36 LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide

symbols point back to the original data string, using fewer characters to represent the strings. Because these smaller symbols are substituted for the longer strings of data, more data can be stored in the same physical space.

Some important benefits result from data compression in tape drives:

• The same amount of information can be stored on a smaller length of tape.

• More data can be stored on a given length of tape.

• Performance can more closely parallel to that of high-transfer-rate computers.

• More information can be transferred in the same time interval.

Data Compression Considerations

In an effective data-compression method, several factors are important:

• The amount of compression. The amount of compression is measured by the compression ratio. This ratio compares the amount of uncompressed data to the amount of compressed data. It is obtained by dividing the size of the uncompressed data by the size of the compressed data.

• The speed with which data is compressed and decompressed relative to the host transfer rate.

• The types of data to be compressed.

• The data integrity of the compressed data.

The amount of compression possible in a data stream depends on factors such as:

• Data pattern

• Compression algorithm

• Pattern repetition length

• Pattern repetition frequency

• Object size (block of information to be compressed)

• Starting pattern chosen

Chapter 4 Theory

Data Compression

LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide 37

The transfer rate depends on factors such as:

• Compression ratio

•Drive buffer size

• Host computer input/output (I/O) speed

• Effective disc speeds of the host computer

• Record lengths that the host computer transmits

Data compression algorithms can be tailored to provide maximum compression for specific types of data. Because varying types of data are encountered in normal day-to-day operating circumstances, however, an effective data compression method for a tape drive must serve various data types. Additionally, the data compression method must adapt to different data types, automatically providing optimum handling for all types of data.

Intelligent Data Compression

The tape’s compressed capacity is maximized through the use of intelligent data compression. The intelligent data compression hardware determines the compressibility of each record. If the size of the record is larger after a compression attempt than the native (uncompressed) size, then the record is written in its native form.

The intelligent data compression utilizes two compression schemes:

• Scheme-1 is a LZ1-based compression scheme using a history buffer to achieve data compression.

• Scheme-2 is a pass-through compression scheme designed to pass uncompressible data through with minimal expansion.

There are three specific requirements for compliance with the LTO specification.

• The output data stream must be decompressible following LTO rules to create the input sequence of records and File Marks perfectly.

• An LTO compressed data stream may not contain any of the eight reserved Control Symbols.

• While control symbols allow switching to Scheme 2, this should never be used by operational software because this capability is only for diagnostic and testing purposes.

Chapter 4 Theory Data Compression

38 LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide

Software data compression should never be used because the LTO-3 Tape Drive's built-in intelligent data compression is much more efficient than software data compression systems.

The LTO-3 Tape Drive uses a derivative of ALDC-2 lossless data compression that includes additional control codes for intelligent data compression.

LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide 39

Chapter 5

5Specifications

This chapter provides technical specifications for the LTO-3 Tape Drive.

The topics covered in this chapter are:

• Physical Specifications

• Power Specifications

• Drive Performance Specifications

• Environmental Requirements

• Reliability

• Mean Time Between Failures

• LTO Cartridge Specifications

• Regulatory Compliance

• Disposal of Electrical and Electronic Equipment

Chapter 5 Specifications Physical Specifications

40 LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide

Physical Specifications 5

Table 5 lists the physical specifications of the LTO-3 Tape Drive.

Table 5 Physical Specifications

Specification

Internal SCSI Drive without Bezel

Internal SCSI Drive with Bezel Desktop SCSI Drive

Height 3.25 inches

(82.6 mm) max

3.31 inches (84.3 mm)

6.8 inches

(172.7 mm)

Width 5.75 inches

(146.05 ± 0.25)

5.81 inches (147.8 mm)

7.61 inches (193.3 mm)

Length 8.06 inches

(205 mm)

8.3 inches (212 mm) max

12.17 inches

(309.1 mm)

Weight 6.2 lb.

(2.82 kg)

6.5 lb. (2.95 kg)

14.5 lb. (6.58 kg)

Includes rubber feet (case alone is 6.44 inches high).

Includes front bezel and fan grill (case alone is 11.9 inches long).

Chapter 5 Specifications

Physical Sp ecifications

LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide 41

Figure 14 shows the dimensions of the internal LTO-3 Tape Drive.

Figure 14 Internal LTO-3 Tape Drive Dimensions

84.3

147.8

48.90 ± 0.60

From Upper Bezel

Mounting Tabs

48.90 ± 0.60

From Upper Bezel

Mounting Tabs

Length of Drive

without Bezel

(Less connectors)

205.0 Max.

212.0 Max.

4 x M3.0 x 5.0 Deep

9.90 ± 0.20

189.70 ± 0.20

146.05 ± 0.25

79.24 ± 0.20

21.80 ± 0.20

79.24 ± 0.20

55.9

82.6 Max

4 x M3.0 Nearside 4 x M3.0 Farside

Chapter 5 Specifications Power Specifications

42 LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide

Power Specifications 5

The desktop LTO-3 Tape Drive comes with a built-in 90-260VAC (47-63 Hz) automatic switching power supply.

Maximum voltage and power specifications for the internal LTO-3 Tape Drive is listed in the tables below. Specifications are the same for SCSI drives unless otherwise noted.

Table 6 Voltage and Current

Table 7 Power Dissipation

Specification +12 VDC + 5VDC

DC Voltage Tolerance 12.00 + or – 10% 5.00 + or – 5%

Non-operating max voltage

14 Volts peak 7 Volts peak

Max operating current

Continuous: Peak:

1.2 amps RMS

4.0 amps (1 sec max)

3.5 amps max RMS* N/A

Standby current (max) 1.0 amps RMS 2.0 amps RMS*

Ripple (peak-to-peak) <

100 mV < 100 mV

* RMS parameters measured at the power connector using a true RMS digital meter.

Specification LTO-3

Max Standby Power 17 watts RMS*

Max Continuous Operating Power 42 watts RMS*

Max Peak Operating Power 65 watts RMS (1 sec max)

* RMS parameters measured at the power connector using a true RMS digital meter.

Chapter 5 Specifications

Drive Performance Specifications

LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide 43

Drive Performance Specifications 5

Table 8 lists the performance specifications for the LTO-3 Tape Drive.

Table 8 Drive Performance Specifications

Specification Value

Capacity LTO Ultrium 3 (680 m) 400 Gbytes (native)

Recording density 5,120 RLL-encoded ONEs per mm

Flux density 10249 cells per mm

Track density 70 tracks per mm

Error recovery Read-after-write Reed Solomon

ECC (2 levels)

Recording unrecoverable errors Less than 1 in 10

data bits

Recording undetectable errors Less than 1 in 10

data bits

Tape drive type LTO (Ultrium)

Head configuration 2 bumps

16 thin-film write heads per bump 16 MR read heads per bump 2 MR servo heads per bump

Recording format Ultrium 16-channel (U-38)

Recording method 0, 13/11 RLL

Transfer rate (sustained) 68 Mbytes/second (max, native)

Synchronous transfer rate (burst)

160 Mbytes per sec max

Cartridge unload time 30 seconds

Chapter 5 Specifications Environmental Requirements

44 LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide

Environmental Requirements 5

Table 9 lists the environmental specifications for the LTO-3 Tape Drive.

Table 9 Environmental Requirements

Average rewind time (609-m tape)

> 51 seconds

Maximum rewind time (609-m tape)

115 seconds

Average data access time (609-m tape) from BOW (beginning of wrap)

58 seconds

Maximum data access time (609-m tape) from BOW

115 seconds

Average rewind time (609-m tape)

115 seconds

Tape speed Up to 5.9 meters per second

Specification Operational Non-operational

Temperature +50° to +104°F

(+10° to + 40°C)

–40° to +149°F (–40° to + 66°C)

Airflow requirements Internal: 9 CFM (front to back) N/A

Thermal gradient 11°C per hour (10-40°C) 11°C per hour (10-40°C)

Relative humidity 20% to 80% non-condensing 10% to 95% non-condensing

Specification Value

Chapter 5 Specifications

Reliability

LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide 45

Injected Noise 5 The internal drive operates without degradation of error rates with 100

mV of noise injected between the chassis and 0 V at the power connector at any frequency between 45 Hz and 20 MHz.

Reliability 5

The LTO-3 Tape Drive is designed for maximum reliability and data integrity. Table 10

summarizes the reliability specifications.

Humidity gradient 10% per hour 10% per hour

Altitude max 10,000 feet MSL

(at 25°C)

40,000 feet (power off)

Shock (1/2 sine wave) 10 Gs peak, 11 msec 40 Gs peak, 11 msec

Vibration (sweep test) 0.005 inches DA (5-43 Hz)

0.50 G peak (43–1000 Hz) sweep rate 5-1000Hz;

1.0 octave per minute

0.1 inches (5-–15Hz)

1.0 G (15–500 Hz)

1.0 octave per minute

Acoustic level idling (A-wt sum)

52 dBA maximum 5.0 LwA Bels —

Acoustic level operational (A-wt sum)

57 dBA maximum 5.5 LwA Bels —

Specification Operational Non-operational

Chapter 5 Specifications Mean Time Between Failures

46 LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide

Table 10 Reliability

Mean Time Between Failures 5

The mean time between failures (MTBF) for the internal drive is specified at 250,000 hours minimum. This specification includes all power-on and operational time but excludes maintenance periods. Operational time is assumed to be 100% of the power-on time. Operational time is the time the tape is loaded.

The MTBF for the desktop drive power supply is 50,000 hours with the unit operated at full load and 25°C.

Specification Description

Non-recoverable error rate

Less than 1 in 10

bits

Error recovery and control

• Error correction code techniques (C1 and C2 ECC)

• Read-after-write (RAW)

• Error monitoring and reporting (error log)

•Retry on

Mean time between failures (MTBF)

250,000 hours MTBF at 100% duty cycle: power applied and tape moving continuously (Desktop drive; 50,000 hours at full load and 25°C)

Cartridge load/ unload

300,000 cartridge load/unload cycles (no thread)

Mean time to replace (MTTR)

Less than 30 minutes

Note: The MTBF rating does not represent any particular drive, but

is derived from a large database of test samples. Actual rates may vary from unit to unit.

Chapter 5 Specifications

LTO Cartridge Specifications

LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide 47

Mean Time to Replace

The mean time to replace (MTTR) is the average time required by a qualified service technician to diagnose a defective drive and to install a replacement drive. The MTTR for LTO products is less than 0.5 hour (30 minutes).

The Quantum LTO drives are field-replaceable units. If a problem occurs with a subassembly or component in the drive, you should replace the entire unit. Return the drive to the factory in its original packaging. Contact your distributor, dealer, your computer system company or your Quantum sales representative to arrange the return.

LTO Cartridge Specifications 5

Environmental Considerations

Table 11 lists the basic environmental tolerances for LTO Ultrium

cartridges.

Table 11 Environmental Tolerances

If during storage and/or transportation a cartridge has been exposed to conditions outside the above values, it must be conditioned before use in the operating environment. The conditioning shall be exposure to the operating environment for a time equal to, or greater than, the time away from the operating environment, up to a maximum of 24 hours. There shall be no deposit of moisture anywhere on or in the cartridge.

The stray magnetic field at any point on the tape shall not exceed 4000 A/ m.

Specification Value

Operating temperature 10°C to 40°C

Relative humidity 10% to 80% storage,

20% to 80% operating

Wet bulb temperature 26° C max

Max localized temperature-permanent tape damage

Greater than 52°C

Chapter 5 Specifications Regulatory Compliance

48 LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide

Cartridge Memory 5 Each Ultrium cartridge has 4 Kbytes of nonvolatile memory: 3 Kbytes are

used to store tape-directory and hardware specific information. 1 Kbyte is available for application and OEM use. The cartridge memory is powered, read, and written to via a radio-frequency link.

Cartridge Reliability

Recommended cartridge use: After 5,000 load/unload cycles, replace the cartridge to insure data integrity.

Regulatory Compliance 5

These drives comply with the safety and EMC regulations listed in the following tables.

Safety Compliance 5

Country Regulatory Organization Compliant to:

United States Underwriters Laboratories (UL) UL 1950 – 3rd edition

Canada Canadian Standards

Association (CSA)

CSA 22.2 950–95

Germany Technischer Überwachungs-

Verein (TUV) Rheinland

IEC 950 / EN60950, (including amendments A1, A2, A3, A4, A11)

Mexico Normas Oficiales Mexicanas

(NOM), similar to UL

NOM standards

Singapore Productivity and Standards

Board (PSB)

PSB safety certification

South Korea JEON JEON safety certification

Argentina Instituto Argentino de

Racionalization de Materiales (IRAM)

IRAM safety certification China

Chapter 5 Specifications

Regulatory Compliance

LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide 49

* Member nations of the IECEE include Austria, Australia, Belgium, Canada, China (PR), Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, India, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Russian Federation, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Switzerland, United Kingdom, USA, Yugoslavia.

China Chinese Commodity Import

Bureau (CCIB)

CCIB safety certification

EU member nations Comité Europèen de

Normalisation Electrotechnique – the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC)

IEC 950 / EN60950 (including amendments A1, A2, A3, A4, A11)

Member nations of IECEE*

IECEE* International Electrotechnical Commission on Electrical Equipment (IECEE) for Mutual Recognition of Test Certificates for Electrical Equipment “CB Scheme”

CB Scheme per IEC 950 / EN60950 with details and exceptions for each member country

Hungary MEEI Budapest CB Scheme

Czech Republic EZU Praha CB Scheme

Poland PCBC BBJ-SEP CB Scheme

Russia GOSSTANDART (GOST) CB Scheme

Bulgaria CSM CB Scheme

Malaysia JBE SIRIM CB Scheme

Thailand TISI CB Scheme

India STQC BIS

South Africa SABS CB Scheme

Israel SII

Country Regulatory Organization Compliant to:

Chapter 5 Specifications Regulatory Compliance

50 LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide

Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)

Country Regulatory Organization Compliant to:

United States Federal Communications

Commission (FCC)

Title 47: Code of Federal Regulations, Part 15, Subpart B, Class B: Digital Device (47CFR15B)

Canada Industry Canada Digital

Apparaus - Interference-Causing Equipment Standard (ICES-003)

ICES-003 Class B: Digital Apparatus

EU member nations CE Emissions per CISPR 22:1997 -

EN55022:1998 and Immunity per CISPR 24:1997 - EN55024:1998

Australia and New Zealand

Standards Australia Spectrum Management “C-Tick”

AS/NZS 3548-1995 (same as CISPR 22)

Japan Voluntary Control Council for

Interface (VCCI)

This is a voluntary compliance standard; the drives meet it via CE compliance

South Korea Radio Research Lab of Korea

(RRL)

RRL EMC certification

Taiwan Bureau of Commodity Inspection

and Quarantine (BSMI)

BSMI EMC certification

China Chinese Commodity Import

Bureau (CCIB)

CCIB EMC Certification

Poland PREDOM-OBR CISPR-22, Class B

Russia GOSSTANDART (GOST) CISPR-22, Class B

Bulgaria CSM CISPR-22, Class B

Israel SII CISPR-22, Class B

Chapter 5 Specifications

Disposal of Electrical and Electronic Equipment

LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide 51

You should also consider the following safety points:

• Install the drive in an enclosure that limits the user’s access to live parts, gives adequate system stability and provides the necessary grounding for the drive.

• Provide the correct voltages (+5 VDC and +12 VDC) based on the regulation applied—Extra Low Voltage (SEC) for UL and CSA, and Safety Extra Low Voltage for BSI and VDE (if applicable).

Disposal of Electrical and Electronic Equipment 5

This symbol on the product or on its packaging indicates that this product should not be disposed of with your other waste. Instead, it should be handed over to a designated collection point for the recycling of electrical and electronic equipment. The separate collection and recycling of your waste equipment at the time of disposal will help to conserve natural resources

and ensure that it is recycled in a manner that protects human health and the environment. For more information about where you can drop off your waste equipment for recycling, please visit our website at qcare.quantum.com

or contact your local government authority, your household waste disposal service or the business from which you purchased the product.

Note: Use these drives only in equipment where the combination

has been determined to be suitable by an appropriate certification organization (for example, Underwriters Laboratories Inc. or the Canadian Standards Association in North America).

Chapter 5 Specifications Disposal of Electrical and Electronic Equipment

52 LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide

LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide 53

Chapter 6

6UNIX Settings

This chapter describes how to configure various UNIX systems to recognize and obtain optimal performance from the LTO-3 Tape Drive.

The topics covered in this chapter are:

• A Word About SCSI Controllers

• Configuring for the DEC/Compaq UNIX Environment

• Configuring for the Sun Environment (Solaris 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 7, 8, and 9)

• Configuring for the IBM AIX Environment (AIX Version 4.1.x and

later) on page 58

• Configuring for SCO Open Server 5.0.x

on page 59

• Configuring for Linux

on page 61

• Configuring for SGI Irix

on page 63

• Configuring for HP-UX 11.0

on page 64

Chapter 6 UNIX Settings A Word About SCSI Controllers

54 LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide

A Word About SCSI Controllers 6

The LTO-3 Tape Drive transfers data natively at 68 Mbytes per second. It supports the SCSI Ultra 160 specification and can transfer data at burst rates of up to 320 Mbytes per second. To achieve maximum drive performance, it is important to choose high-performance disk drives for your system, as well as high-performance SCSI controllers.

Configuring for the DEC/Compaq UNIX Environment 6

Finding Existing SCSI Controllers and Devices

SCSI ID #7 is almost always dedicated to the SCSI controller. Never configure your target device for ID 7 unless you are absolutely sure that the controller is not addressed for ID 7.

Configuring Digital UNIX Version 4.0 and later/Compaq Tru64 Unix 5.x

Use File Manager to open the file /etc/ddr.dbase and create an entry as follows:

SCSIDEVICE

# Type=tape Name="CERTANCE""ULTRIUM 3" # PARAMETERS:

TypeSubClass=tk TagQueueDepth=0 MaxTransferSize=0x0ffffff#(16MB-1) ReadyTimeSeconds=180#seconds

CMD_PreventAllow=supported CMD_ExtReserveRelease=supported BlockSize=0 PwrMgmt_capable=0

DENSITY:

# DensityNumber=0,2,3,4,5,6,7 DensityCode=default CompressionCode=0x0 Buffered=0x1

Chapter 6 UNIX Settings

Configuring for the Sun Environment (Solaris 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 7, 8, and 9)

LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide 55

DENSITY:

# DensityNumber=1 DensityCode=default CompressionCode=0x1 Buffered=0x1

Save the file. Then run the following command:

ddr_config-c ddr_config

takes the default input file, ddr.dbase, and builds a new device

database. This command takes effect immediately without having to rebuild the kernel.

To enable the tape driver to turn on data compression when writing data to tape use the

.c. option.

For commands that use density and tape size settings, the tape density is 124,000 bpi and the tape length is 1800 feet. For commands that use a blocking factor, we recommend a blocking factor of 64 as a minimum (128 is recommended).

Configuring for the Sun Environment (Solaris 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 7, 8, and 9)

Use the following for attaching the LTO-3 Tape Drive to Sun Sparc and Intel systems.

Finding Current SCSI Controllers and Targets

To properly attach SCSI devices to hosts it is necessary to ensure that each target device has a unique SCSI address. The commands

.modinfo. and

.dmesg. can be used to find the SCSI controllers in use and the SCSI target

devices installed.

Note:

ddr.dbase is a Unix shell script and is not written in C. This

means # is used to signify a comment, not /* and */ or //, as used in C. Make sure any comments included in this file are preceded with the # character.

Chapter 6 UNIX Settings Configuring for the Sun Environment (Solaris 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 7, 8, and 9)

56 LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide

For example, the command .dmesg | egrep .target. | sort | uniq. can find all SCSI controllers and SCSI targets. The output may look similar to:

sd32 at ithps0: target2 lun0 sd34 at ithps0: target4 lun0 st21 at ithps1: target0 lun0 st22 at ithps1: target1 lun0

In this case, the LTO-3 Tape Drive can be set for SCSI ID address 2 through 6 and attached to controller ithps1 (this particular controller also supports SCSI addresses 8 through 15).

Types of Controllers

You may be able to view the main pages of three types of SCSI controllers for Sun Sparc systems:

•esp

•glm

•isp

We recommend that the LTO-3 Tape Drive not be attached to esp controllers. This controller is not fast enough to work with the LTO-3 Tape Drive. The minimum recommended controller would be a glm controller, which is an Ultra Wide controller.

We recommend Ultra 160 SCSI-capable controllers capable of 80MB/s data transfer as a minimum. Slow backups will result if using slower SCSI controllers.

Configuring the Device File st.conf

To configure Solaris 2.4 and above to use the LTO-3 Tape Drive correctly, add the following lines to the file

st.conf in the directory /kernel/drv.

tape-config-list= "SEAGATE ULTRIUM06242-XXX", "Seagate LTO 1", "SEAGATE_LTO1",

"CERTANCEULTRIUM 2", "Seagate LTO 2", "Certance_LTO2", "CERTANCEULTRIUM 3", "Seagate LTO 3", "ULTRIUM",

# THE LAST ENTRY IN THIS SECTION MUST END WITH A SEMICOLON

SEAGATE_LTO1 = 1,0x3b,0,0x1d639,4,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,1; Certance_LTO2 = 1,0x3b,0,0x1d639,4,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,1;

Certance_LTO3 = 1,0x3b,0,0x1d639,4,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,1;

Chapter 6 UNIX Settings

Configuring for the Sun Environment (Solaris 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 7, 8, and 9)

LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide 57

The value 0x1d639 equates to the way that the LTO-3 Tape Drive is configured to operate in the Solaris environment. This value enables the LTO-3 Tape Drive to:

Support variable length records (variable length block size)

• Backspace over files (same as

.mt bsf. command to backspace over

filemarks)

• Backspace over records (same as

.mt bsr., backspace over individual

tape blocks)

• Long time-out for long erase function (it is not recommended to try

and erase the entire tape)

• The LTO-3 Tape Drive knows when end of data has been encoun-

tered

• Device driver is unloadable

• Long timeouts (5 times longer than normal)

• Buffered writes supported

• Variable record size not limited to 64k

• Uses Mode Select Page 10h to enable/disable compression

Once

st.conf has been modified, the kernel must be reconfigured by

booting the system using the

boot-r command. If you are replacing a tape

device with the same SCSI ID you may want to delete the st devices from the

/dev/rmt directory (recommended).

When using commands that require a blocking factor such as tar or ufsdump, we suggest a minimum factor of 64. The preferred factor is 128.

For commands that use density and tape size settings the tape density is 124,000 bpi and the tape length is 1800 feet. We suggest using the

ufsdump/ufsrestore commands. These commands automatically detect

end of tape without the need of the density and tape length settings.

To enable the st driver to turn on data compression when writing data to tape use the

.c. option. For example, tar cf /dev/rmt/0c causes the tape

drive to compress the data before writing the data to tape.

Chapter 6 UNIX Settings Configuring for the IBM AIX Environment (AIX Version 4.1.x and later)

58 LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide

Configuring for the IBM AIX Environment (AIX Version 4.1.x and later)

Finding Existing SCSI Controllers and Devices

Enter the following command: lsdev–Cs scsi. This shows all the SCSI target IDs known to the system. Note the SCSI target IDs and choose a SCSI ID for the LTO-3 Tape Drive that will not conflict with the IDs shown from the lsdev command.

SCSI ID #7 is almost always dedicated to the SCSI controller. Never configure your target device for ID 7 unless you are absolutely sure that the controller is not addressed for ID 7.

Configuring the LTO-3 Tape Drives using SMIT

The LTO-3 Tape Drive can be configured to work with AIX Versions 4.1.x and later by using the

SMIT .Other SCSI T a pe Drive. option.

To configure AIX using the

SMIT utility, use the following procedure:

1 Enter

SMIT at the Tape Drive menu by typing smit tape

2 Select Add a Tape Drive. 3 Select the type of tape drive you will be adding. Use the

Other SCSI

Tape Drive

option.

4 Select the Parent SCSI Adapter from the available list. The

Add a tape

Drive

“Entry Fields” appears.

5 Some of the standard options can be changed to maximize drive

performance and functionality:

Set the

Connection Address with the Drives Target and Lun (always use

Lun 0). In the list, the Target is the first number and the Lun is the second. For example, if the drive is ID 5, choose 5,0.

Set the

BLOCK size to 0.

Set

Use DEVICE BUFFERS during writes to yes.

Set

RETURN error on tape change or reset to no.

Set

Use EXTENDED file marks to yes.

Note: Record the SCSI ID of the tape drive before installing it.

Chapter 6 UNIX Settings

Configuring for SCO Open Server 5.0.x

LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide 59

Set RESERVE/RELEASE support to yes.

Set

BLOCK SIZE for variable length support (Num.) to 0.

Set

Density 1 to 0.

6 Leave the

Set delay. . . and Set timeout. . . lines at the default value.

7 Click

OK and the drive will be installed in the system database, and

devices created. There is no need to reboot the system.

8 Exit

SMIT.

Configuring for SCO Open Server 5.0.x 6

Finding Existing SCSI Controllers and Devices

The files /usr/adm/hwconfig and /var/adm/messages list the devices found during boot up of Open Server. The current SCSI controllers can be found using the command:

grepadapter/usr/adm/hwconfig

This command produces output similar to:

%adapter 0x6400–0x64FF 11 type=alad ha=0 bus=0 id=7 fts=st0.

The current tape drives can be found using the command:

grep tape /usr/adm/hwconfig

Note: We suggest using the AIX commands .backup and restore

when transferring data to and from the LTO-3 Tape Drive. These commands transfer data more quickly than other commands such as

tar and cpio. For cpio, we suggest a

blocking factor of 128. For

tar, we suggest using the .N option

and a factor of 128. Some older systems with poor video controllers may experience a reduction in performance when using the

.v option, which prints the path names on the

standard console during the backup. Unless there is a real need to see the filenames as they are backed up we suggest not using the

.v option. For commands that use density and tape

size settings the tape density is 124,000 bpi and the tape length is 1800 feet.

Chapter 6 UNIX Settings Configuring for SCO Open Server 5.0.x

60 LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide

This command produces output similar to:

%tape type=S ha=0 id=6 lun=0 bus=0 ht=alad

The information above shows that an Adaptec SCSI controller is installed (alad) and a SCSI tape drive (type=S) is installed as target id 6. SCSI ID #7 is almost always dedicated to the SCSI controller. Never configure your target device for ID 7 unless you are absolutely sure the controller is not addressed for ID 7.

Configuring the LTO-3 Tape Drive with mkdev

Once connected to the system, installation of the drive is performed using the following command:

mkdevtape

A numeric-based menu appears. If you are replacing an existing SCSI tape drive, use option 3 to remove the existing tape drive from the configuration files. Then follow the instructions below to add an LTO-3 Tape Drive.

1 From the menu, choose

Configure a SCSI or Enhanced IDE tape drive.

2 From the next menu, choose

Install a SCSI tape drive.

3 When prompted, enter the SCSI adapter string. To view the list of

supported SCSI adapters, use the h option.

4 Enter the number of the SCSI host adapter attached to the drive. If

one SCSI adapter exists, enter the number zero (0).

5 Enter the number of the SCSI bus attached to the drive. Refer to the

SCSI adapter documentation. For many adapters this will be zero (0).

6 Enter the SCSI ID of the tape drive. 7 Enter the number zero (0) for the LUN of the device. 8 When prompted to

Update the SCSI configuration? (y/n), enter y.

9 When prompted for Vendor Identification string, enter

CERTANCE.

10 When prompted to enter the SCSI version to which the tape drive

conforms, enter the number three (3).

11 When prompted to enter the

Response Data Format the tape drive

uses, enter the number two (2).

12 When prompted, choose the

Generic SCSI-1/SCSI-2 tape drive option.

Chapter 6 UNIX Settings

Configuring for Linux

LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide 61

13 When the process takes you back to the two Main Menu screens,

press

14 When asked to create a new kernel, enter

yes.

15 When asked if you want the new kernel to boot by default press

16 When asked if you want the kernel environment to be rebuilt press

17 Reboot the system.

Configuring for Linux 6

Finding Existing SCSI Controllers and Devices

Before installing the LTO-3 Tape Drive, ensure that the requisite SCSI controllers and device drivers are installed on your system.

To find existing SCSI controllers execute the command:

dmesg | grep SCSI

Note: Not all of the SCO “tape” commands will operate or be

applicable to the LTO-3 Tape Drive (execute the command .man tape. for the specifics on how the tape command works). The following tape commands are not available for use with the LTO-3 Tape Drive:

getcomp, setcomp (the LTO-3 Tape

Drive will always compress the data before writing the data to tape under SCO Open Server 5.0.x),

partition, setpart, getpart,

getspeed, setspeed, rsm, wsm. The following tape commands

are available for use with the LTO-3 Tape Drive:

status, load,

reset, rewind, retention, getblk, setblk, unload, eod.

When using the GUI Backup Manager utility set the block size to 32768 minimum, 65536 preferred. When using commands such as

tar we suggest using the tape command to set the block

size to 512 and then using a blocking factor of 80 for the tar command. For commands that use density and tape size settings the tape density is 124,000 bpi and the tape length is 1800 feet.

Chapter 6 UNIX Settings Configuring for Linux

62 LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide

You may see output similar to:

(scsi0)<Adaptec AHA-294XX Ultra160 SCSI host adapter> found at PCI 0/16/0

To find existing SCSI devices execute the command:

cat /proc/scsi/scsi

You may see output similar to:

Host: scsi0 Channel: 0 Id:6 Lun:00 Vendor: CERTANCE Model: ULTRIUM 3 Type: SequentialAccess ANSI SCSI Revision 04

Use the output of these two commands to see which SCSI target ID numbers are free. In the above example a tape drive is attached at target ID 6. SCSI ID #7 is almost always dedicated to the SCSI controller. Never configure your target device for ID 7 unless you are absolutely sure that the controller is not addressed for ID 7.

The widely available distributions of Linux automatically install the proper SCSI and tape device drivers. If you executed the cat command above, you have ensured that the SCSI driver for your controller is installed. To view currently loaded modules, execute the lsmod command. Ensure that one of the entries is st.

To view the st device number for your attached tape drive, execute the command:

dmesg | grep tape

You should see output similar to:

Detected SCSI tape st0 and scsi0 . . .

Using the LTO-3 Tape Drive

The LTO-3 Tape Drive can be configured via the mt command options and a default configuration can be setup using the

stsetoptions command

from within the mt command. Refer to the man page for mt for details. We suggest not using the erase command nor commands which attempt to partition the tape. Partitioning is not supported in the LTO format.

For commands that use density and tape size settings, the tape density is 124,000 bpi and the tape length is 1800 feet. For commands that use a blocking factor, we suggest a factor of 128.

Chapter 6 UNIX Settings

Configuring for SGI Irix

LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide 63

Configuring for SGI Irix 6

Finding Current SCSI Controllers and Targets

To properly attach SCSI devices to hosts it is necessary to ensure that each target device has a unique SCSI address. The command hinv can be used to find all attached SCSI controllers and target devices. To search for all SCSI controllers and devices use the command:

hinv –v | grep SCSI

The output of the command will be similar to the following:

Integral SCSI controller 0: Version ADAPTEC 7880 Disk drive unit 1 on SCSI controller 0 CD ROM unit 4 on SCSI controller 0 Integral SCSI controller 1: Version ADAPTEC 7880 Tape drive: unit 6 on SCSI controller 1: DAT

This output shows that a tape drive is present on SCSI controller 1 at SCSI ID address #6. Available SCSI IDs are

•

0,2,3,5 6, 8 - 15 on controller 0

•

1 - 5 and 8 - 15 on controller 1 (this controller supports Wide/Ultra SCSI)

Modifying the IRIX Configuration File

To attach the LTO-3 Tape Drive to IRIX the file .scsi. needs to be modified by a text editor. The file can be found in

/var/sysgen/master.d. Open the

file and use the text editor to add the following at the end of the tape device entries:

For IRIX 6.4/6.5

{DATTAPE, TPDAT, 8, 7, “CERTANCE”, “ULTRIUM 3”, 0, 0, {0}, MTCAN_BSF | MTCAN_BSR | MTCAN_APPEND | MTCAN_SETMK | MTCAN_PREV | MTCAN_SYNC | MTCAN_SPEOD | MTCAN_CHKRDY | MTCAN_VAR | MTCAN_SETSZ | MTCAN_SILI | MTCAN_SEEK |

Note: SCSI ID #7 is almost always dedicated to the SCSI controller.

Never configure your target device for ID 7 unless you are absolutely sure that the controller is not addressed for ID 7. See table 2

on page 16 to view how to set the SCSI ID address

jumpers for the LTO-3 Tape Drives.

Chapter 6 UNIX Settings Configuring for HP-UX 11.0

64 LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide

M TCAN_COMPRESS, 40, 5*60, 10*60, 10*60, 3*3600, 512, 256*512, tpsc_default_dens_count, tpsc_defalt_hwg_dens_names, tpsc_default_alias_dens_names, {0}, 0, 0, 0, 0, (u_char*) 0},

After modifying the configuration file, recompile the kernel with the autoconfig command and reboot the system. If you are replacing an existing storage device with the same SCSI ID remove the device files prior to using the

autoconfig command and rebooting the system.

Configuring for HP-UX 11.0 6

Finding Current Hardware/Driver Configuration

To find currently installed SCSI controllers and devices, use the command can

ioscan–f. This command lists all the system devices and

their device names.

Attaching the LTO-3 Tape Drive

Choose a SCSI address that does not conflict with any already attached SCSI devices on your SCSI controller. See figure 2

for jumper installation for the LTO-3 internal drive. Attach the LTO-3 Tape Drive and apply power to the drive(s) and the host system. After the boot process completes and you log in as superuser, issue the command:

ioscan –C tape –f.

You should see output similar to:

Class I H/WPath Driver S/WState H/Wtype Description Tape 7 8/12.6.0 stape Claimed Device CERTANCE ULTRIUM

From the root directory and as superuser, issue the command:

/sbin/insf –C tape.

Then issue the command:

/sbin/mksf –d stape –H x/x.x.x –I y –c 1 –n –u /dev/rmt/zcnb

Where:

Chapter 6 UNIX Settings

Configuring for HP-UX 11.0

LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide 65

• x is the data under H/WPath from the ioscan.

•

y is the data under I from the ioscan.

•

z is the tape device identifier number.

You can execute an

ls command for the /dev/rmt directory to choose an

identifier number that has not already been used. You can also choose a unique device name such as cnb to more easily remember which device name will enable data compression during write. Refer to the man pages for mksf to review settings for r

ewind/no rewind, Berkeley mode, and

AT&T mode.

After performing the

insf and mksf commands, use the command

ioscan

–fn | grep –C tape to check the installation. You should see

output showing the hardware and device addressing and also the device name attached to the LTO-3 Tape Drive.

Chapter 6 UNIX Settings Configuring for HP-UX 11.0

66 LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide

LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide 67

Chapter 7

7Troubleshooting Guide

This chapter contains best practices for getting the most out of your LTO-3 tape drive. This chapter also contains troubleshooting information you can use to identify and resolve tape drive problems in the unlikely even you encounter a problem with your tape drive.

Topics covered in this chapter are:

• Installation Best Practices

• Troubleshooting Suggestions

Installation Best Practices 7

Follow SCSI Best Practices

When installing an LTO-3 Tape Drive, follow SCSI best practices to ensure trouble-free installation and operation.

SCSI Host Bus Adapters (HBA)

We strongly recommend that you attach the LTO-3 Tape Drive to SCSI controllers that support the SCSI Ultra 160 LVD interface and 160 MBytes SCSI transfer rate only.

Chapter 7 Troubl e sh ooting Guide Installation Best Practices

68 LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide

Do Not: 7

• Attach the tape drives to a non-LVD SCSI controller, as this will

degrade the performance of the tape drive and the performance of your backups.

• Attach non-LVD SCSI devices on the same bus cable, as this will

degrade the performance of the tape drive and your backups.

• Connect the tape drive to a disk RAID controller, as this is not sup-

ported.

If you are installing an adapter, we recommend you use a SCSI LVD controller kit that includes the SCSI cable and terminator.

If installing a SCSI HBA, be sure it is supported by your operating system and your backup software application. In addition, ensure that you have the proper drivers for the HBA, if any are necessary.

Before you install the HBA, check and record your current system configuration. For example, in Windows 2000, you may find information on any currently installed SCSI HBA by:

• Double-clicking on

Administrative Tools in the Control Panel.

• Clicking on

Computer Management > Device Manager.

• Clicking on the SCSI host adapters listed.

• Clicking on

Properties to view the Resources tab.

In UNIX/Linux systems, you may find information on any currently installed SCSI HBA by viewing the boot log text file. Refer to your operating system documentation for specific information on reviewing your system configuration.

After installing the SCSI HBA, reboot the system. Then ensure that the operating system recognizes the HBA and that there are no conflicts with other adapters.

Adding the Tape Drive

We recommend that the LTO-3 Tape Drive be attached to a dedicated SCSI HBA. In addition to enabling the best performance for your tape drive, a dedicated SCSI HBA reduces the chances of installation difficulties arising from duplicate SCSI IDs on the same bus channel.

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LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide 69

Ensure that the SCSI cable is of high quality and conforms to Ultra 160 SCSI specifications. A lesser quality cable or a cable that does not conform to the Ultra 160 SCSI specification may cause intermittent write/read errors, SCSI timeouts, and corrupted data.

Troubleshooting Suggestions 7

Computer will not Boot

If the computer has booted up and operated properly prior to adding a SCSI HBA and tape drive, but does not boot now:

1 Remove the SCSI HBA controller if it is installed. 2 Reboot the system.

• If the system boots normally, the problem is resolved.

• Otherwise, ensure that SCSI HBA is compatible with system, does not have burnt components. Reseat the SCSI HBA in a different PCI slot and reboot the computer. If the system still does not boot, contact Customer Support.

Computer Boots but Does Not Recognize the Tape Drive

If the computer boots but does not recognize the tape drive:

1 Reboot the system and check whether the SCSI controller is seen at

boot up. You should see messages similar to:

SCSI Adapter Manufacturer SCSI BOIS xxxxxxx CHA: SCSI ID #, SCSI Device Name SCSI ID #, SCSI Device Name”

• If the SCSI Controller is not recognized during system boot, contact Customer Support.

• If the SCSI controller is recognized during system boot., determine whether the tape drive is recognized when the SCSI controller scans for devices. You should see messages similar to:

“SCSI ID 6 CERTANCE ULTRIUM 3 160

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70 LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide

• If the tape drive is not recognized during the SCSI controller scan, check the

Power LED to make sure the tape drive is

receiving power.

If the Power LED is not illuminated, check the power connections to the tape drive.

Internal tape drive:

1 Power down the system and reseat the power connector on tape

drive.

2 Power on the system and check the

Power LED.

3 If the

Power LED is not illuminated, replace the power connector

attached to the tape drive with one from a known working device such as a CD-ROM. If the

Power LED is illuminated, the problem was

with the power connector. Otherwise, the tape drive may be bad and Customer Support should be contacted.

Desktop tape drive:

1 Turn power off to the tape drive and reseat the AC power cord. 2 Power on the tape drive and check the

Power LED.

3 If the

Power LED is not illuminated, use an AC power cord from a

known working device. If the

Power LED is illuminated, the problem

was with the cable. Otherwise, the tape drive may be bad and Customer Support should be contacted.

•If the

Power LED is illuminated, but the tape drive is not

recognized during the SCSI controller scan, use the LEDs to verify that the drive has passed its Power-On-Self-Test (POST). See table 4

on page 25. If the tape drive LEDs indicate a POST

failure, the tape drive may be bad. Contact Customer Support.

• If the tape drive LEDs indicate that the drive has passed the POST, check the following connections:

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LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide 71

Internal tape drive: 7

1 Power down the system. 2 Be sure there are no SCSI ID conflicts between the tape drive and

other SCSI devices.

3 Be sure you are using a proper SCSI cable and proper termination. 4 Check the SCSI cable for bent pins. 5 Try to use SCSI cable from other SCSI controller bus chain if possible. 6 If these suggestions do not help, the tape drive may be bad and

Customer Support should be contacted.

Desktop tape drive:

1 Power down system. 2 Power cycle desktop tape drive. 3 Be sure there are no SCSI ID conflict between the tape drive and other

SCSI devices.

4 Be sure you are using a proper SCSI cable and proper termination. 5 Check the SCSI cable for bent pins. 6 Try to use SCSI cable from other SCSI controller bus chain if possible. 7 If these suggestions do not help, the tape drive may be bad and

Customer Support should be contacted.

Tape Drive Recognized During System Boot But Not by Operating System or Application

Windows Operating System

When the tape drive is installed in a Windows operating system, Windows displays a message on the screen if it does not have a driver in place for the tape drive.

If the tape drive will be used by an ISV application, you can click on the Cancel button to remove the message. When the ISV backup software application is running, the application invokes its drivers to run the tape drive. However, if you use a native Windows operating system backup utility, you must install the proper tape driver for the tape drive.

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72 LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide

Red Hat Linux 7

The tape driver for Red Hat Linux is called “st”. This driver is automatically installed when Red Hat Linux is installed on your system. When Red Hat Linux boots, the operating system recognizes the tape drive and installs the tape drive as a device in the

/dev directory. If this is

the first tape device in the

/dev directory, the tape drive is known as

/dev/st0 or /dev/nst0.

There are various ways to view the log files to see whether Linux recognizes the tape drive. One method is to open a terminal window and issue the following command from the root directory:

dmesg | grep SCSI

You may see output similar to:

(scsi0)<Adaptec AHA-294XX Ultra160 SCSI host adapter> found at PCI 0/16/0

You may also be able to use the command:

cat /proc/scsi/scsi

You may see output similar to:

Host: scsi0 Channel: 0 Id:6 Lun:00 Vendor: CERTANCE Model: ULTRIUM 3 Type: SequentialAccess ANSI SCSI Revision 04

You can also use a text editor to view the messages in the file /var/log/ and look for tape drive entries.

Sometimes a system may have multiple tape device names in the

/dev

directory and will not know which st number to use. To view the st device number for your attached tape drive, use the command:

dmesg | grep tape

You should see output similar to:

Detected SCSI tape st0 and scsi0 . . .

Problems with Tape Drive and Cartridge

Tape will not Load into Tape Drive

1 Verify that the tape drive’s

Power LED is illuminated and that all

other LEDs are off. If the

Power LED is not illuminated, refer to the

procedures for troubleshooting LEDs under Computer Boots but

Does Not Recognize the Tape Drive to determine why it is not

illuminated.

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LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide 73

2 If the Power LED is illuminated but other LEDs are on or flashing.

check to see if other LED activity is normal or abnormal (see table 4 on page 25).

3 If the

Power-On-Self-Test Failure LEDs are on, contact Customer

Support.

4 If other LEDs are on, reboot the drive by holding the front panel

button for more than 5 seconds and releasing it or by power cycling the drive.

5 Verify that the tape drive passed the

Power-On-Self-Test by viewing

LED activity. All LEDs should be off approximately 20 to 30 seconds after the tape drive reboots.

6 If the

Power-On-Self-Test Failure LEDs are on, contact Customer

Support.

7 If all the LEDs are off, except

Power, and a tape cannot be inserted

into the tape drive, examine the tape and the inside of the tape drive.

• Be sure there are no tape labels interfering with tape insertion.

• Be sure tape labels are only on proper tape surfaces, and that labels are flat and not curled.

• Be sure the tape drive opening is free of debris and tape labels.

• Be sure the tape pin and tape are fully within the cartridge.

• Attempt to insert a second tape if available.

8 If a tape still cannot be inserted into the tape drive:

• If you are inserting a cleaning cartridge:

• Be sure the cleaning tape is valid. The tape drive ejects

unsupported cleaning tapes.

• Be sure that the cleaning tape has not expired, see table 4

page 25 for “Cleaning Cartridge at EOT.”

• If these suggestions do not resolve the problem, contact

Customer Support.

• If you are inserting a data tape, the tape drive may be bad. Contact Customer Support.

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74 LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide

Tape will not Eject from the Drive 7

1 Be sure the tape drive is powered on. If the Power LED is not

illuminated, check whether power is being applied to the system and/or the desktop tape drive if the tape drive is a desktop unit. Follow troubleshooting steps under Computer Boots but Does Not

Recognize the Tape Drive on page 69 to determine why the Power

LED is not illuminated.

2 If the

Power LED is illuminated, determine whether the tape drive

LEDs show other tape drive activity. Under normal conditions, it may take 2 to 3 minutes for the tape to eject. If only the

Drive LED is

blinking, wait for this LED to turn off before trying to eject the tape.

3 If the

Drive LED alone is blinking, wait for it to turn off. Verify that no

other LEDs are on or flashing. Push the eject button on tape drive.

4 If the

Drive LED flashes, wait for the tape to eject (this may take up to

3 minutes). If the tape ejects, the problem has been resolved.

5 If a message similar to the following appears when the eject button is

pushed, use the mt offline command to eject the tape:

You cannot eject the cartridge because the tape drive is in use. Wait until the operation is complete before ejecting the cartridge. The backup software may still have the tape drive in prevent mode so that the cartridge cannot be ejected. Use the backup software commands to eject the tape.

1 If the

Drive LED is not blinking alone, see table 4 on page 25 to

determine whether a hardware or firmware error has occurred, or whether the

Manual Intervention LED is flashing.

• If there is a hardware or firmware error or the

Manual Intervention

LED is flashing — and the

Drive LED is blinking — contact

Customer Support.

• If there is a hardware or firmware error or the

Manual Intervention

LED is flashing — and the

Drive LED is not blinking — reboot the

drive by holding the front panel button for more than 5 seconds and releasing it or power cycling the drive.It may take up to 5 minutes for the tape to eject.

Note: In Unix/Linux the above message may not appear, but the

operating system may still prevent the tape drive from ejecting the tape.

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LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide 75

2 If the Hardware or Firmware Error or Manual Intervention LED is

flashing after the tape drive is rebooted, the tape may be stuck. Contact Customer Support.

Emergency Reset and Emergency Cartridge Eject

In the unlikely event the LTO-3 Tape Drive stops communicating with the host computer, use the following procedure to reset the drive and eject a cartridge (if necessary).

To perform an emergency reset, hold down the load/unload button between 5 to 15 seconds, and then release it.

• If there is no tape in the drive, the drive firmware reboots the drive and begins the power-on self-test sequence.

• If there is a tape in the drive, the drive ignores all outstanding SCSI commands, ejects the tape, reboots, and begins the Power-On-SelfTest sequence.

If the procedures above do not eject the cartridge from the drive, you may need to remove the cartridge manually, as described under

Manually

Removing a Cartridge

on www.quantum.com/support.

Problems During Backup/Restore Operations

Backup Failures

A backup failure can be caused by various reasons. The LTO-3 Tape Drive support the

TapeAlert standard. The following troubleshooting

steps start when software logs a

TapeAlert message. You can view the

TapeAlert message either on the main console screen or in the backup

software’s log file. There may be more than one

TapeAlert message per

backup failure event.

1 The

TapeAlert message or backup log shows, “The operation has

stopped because an error has occurred while reading or writing data which the drive cannot correct.

”

Caution: When you perform an emergency cartridge eject, any data

currently in the drive or host's buffers will not be written to the tape and the tape record may not be correctly terminated with an End-of-Data mark. If the End-of-Data mark is not written to the tape, you will not be able to append any data to that tape unless you overwrite the existing data on the tape.

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76 LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide

A media error occurred during write or read operation on the tape drive. Review the troubleshooting procedures to ensure that the proper SCSI cabling and termination practices are being followed. Restart the backup if any changes are made to the SCSI cabling or termination or if any cables or terminator are unplugged then replugged.

This message may also be seen with, “

The tape is from a faulty batch or

the tape drive is faulty.

” or “The tape is damaged or the drive is faulty. Call

the tape drive supplier helpline.

” If either of these messages also appears, use a good tape to test the drive. If the problem persists, call the tape drive supplier helpline.

2 Remove the data tape and insert a cleaning cartridge. After the

cleaning cartridge ejects reinsert the data tape and restart the backup. If the backup succeeds, the problem is resolved.

3 If the backup fails, try to isolate the tape media vs. tape drive. Use

diagnostic software to perform a write/read test of 4 Gbytes of data. The current data on the tape

WILL BE OVERWRITTEN AND ALL

PREVIOUSLY WRITTEN DATA ON THE TAPE WILL BE DESTROYED

. Use a second tape for the diagnostic test. If the diagnostic test passes on the second tape, use the tape for the backup process and remove the first tape from the backup process.

4 If the diagnostic test fails on the second tape, insert a cleaning tape

into the drive and repeat the diagnostic write/read test. If the diagnostic test passes on the second tape, the problem is resolved.

5 If the diagnostic test fails on the second tape, the tape drive may be

bad. Use the diagnostic software to perform a write/read test on the first data tape. The current data on the tape

WILL BE OVERWRITTEN. ALL PREVIOUSLY WRITTEN DATA ON THE TAPE WILL BE DESTROYED

. If the diagnostic test passes on the first tape, the problem is resolved. If the diagnostic fails on the first tape, the tape is bad and should not be used any longer.

6 If a second data tape is not available to test with the diagnostic

software, but a cleaning tape is available, insert the cleaning tape. Remove the cleaning tape after the cleaning tape ejects and restart the backup. If backup is successful, the tape drive and tape are satisfactory.

7 If the backup fails, use the diagnostic software to perform a write/

read test of 4 Gbytes of data. The current data on the tape

WILL BE

OVERWRITTEN. ALL PREVIOUSLY WRITTEN DATA ON THE TAPE WI LL

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LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide 77

BE DESTROYED

. If the tape drive passes the diagnostic write/read test, perform backup again. If the tape drive fails the diagnostic, the drive may be bad. Contact Customer Support.

Tape is Write Protected

The following troubleshooting steps start when software logged a TapeAlert message. The

TapeAlert message can be viewed either on the

main console screen or in the backup software’s log file. There may be more than one

TapeAlert message per backup failure event.

1 The

TapeAlert message or backup log shows, “Y ou are trying to write to a

write-protected cartridge. Remove the write-protection or use another tape.

” Eject the tape from the drive and move the write protect tab to the enable position. Reinsert the tape and restart the backup.

2 If the

TapeAlert message or backup log shows, “The memory in the tape

cartridge has failed, which reduces performance. Do not use the cartridge for further backup operations.

” a Cartridge Memory chip failure may have occurred in the tape cartridge or a tape drive failure may have occurred. Use another tape to perform a backup. (This message may be seen with, “

You have loaded a cartridge of a type that is read-only in this

drive. The cartridge will appear as write-protected.

”)

3 Insert a second tape and restart the backup. The backup should be

successful. The first tape cannot be used for further backups. If you insert a second tape for a backup and other tape alert messages appear in the backup software again, the tape drive may be bad.

4 If you start a backup and the software displays a message on the

console a message similar to “

Overwrite protection is set to ______. Click

OK to overwrite the media or insert new media that can be overwritten

.” it indicates a software-related problem. Refer to the backup software instructions on overwrite and append settings.

Miscellaneous TapeAlert Messages

1 If either of the following messages appears:

The tape drive has a hardware fault:

1 Eject the tape or magazine. 2 Reset the drive. 3 Restart the operation.

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78 LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide

The tape drive has a hardware fault:

1 1.Turn the tape drive off and then on again. 2 2.Restart the operation.

3 3.If the problem persists, call the tape drive supplier helpline.

Check the tape drive users manual for device specific instructions on turning the device power on and off

To determine whether the LED activity indicates a

Hardware or Firmware

Error

or Manual Intervention Required see table 4 on page 25. If it does,

power cycle the tape drive. The tape should eject. This may take several minutes.

If the tape drive ejects the tape and all LEDs are off (with the possible exception of

Cleaning Request LED), the problem is resolved.

If the tape did not eject and the LEDs show

POST Failure, Hardware, or

Firmware Error, or Manual Intervention Required, the drive may be bad.

Contact Customer Support.

1 If you have a problem with inserting a cleaning cassette and receive

the message:

The last cleaning cartridge used in the tape drive has worn out:

1 Discard the worn out cleaning cartridge. 2 Wait for the current operation to finish. 3 Then use a new cleaning cartridge.

It means the cleaning cartridge is used up. Purchase a new cartridge to perform any more cleaning cycles. Normal operation of the drive is not affected. The drive will continue to automatically eject the expired cleaning cartridge.

2 If you insert a cleaning tape that is not expired but the tape is being

ejected by the tape drive without performing the cleaning, you may see the message:

The last cleaning cartridge used in the tape drive was an invalid type:

1 Do not use this cleaning cartridge in this drive. 2 Wait for the current operation to finish. 3 Then use a valid cleaning cartridge.

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LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide 79

This message means the tape drive does not recognize the cleaning tape as being of a valid type. You may have purchased a cleaning tape that is not supported by the tape drive. Purchase a supported cleaning tape.

3 If the tape drive issues a message to backup software to instruct you

to clean the tape drive, you may see the message:

The tape drive needs cleaning:

1 If the operation has stopped, eject the tape and clean the drive. 2 If the operation has not stopped, wait for it to finish and then clean the

drive.

3 Check the tape drive users manual for device specific cleaning

instructions.

This message means you should use a supported cleaning tape.

Slow Backups

There are many factors that can make backups appear to be “slow.” To achieve the highest possible transfer rate, the LTO-3 tape drive MUST be attached to a Low Voltage Differential (LVD) SCSI controller capable of a minimum of 80 Mbytes/s and MUST not share the same SCSI bus as another active SCSI device such as hard drives.

1 Is the tape drive attached to an LVD SCSI controller? This can be

determined by viewing the boot process of the system and looking to see what controller the tape drive is attached to. There may be boot log files that can be examined to determine what SCSI controller the tape drive is attached to.

2 If the tape drive is not attached to an LVD SCSI controller, attach the

tape drive to a LVD SCSI controller to achieve best possible hardware performance for best possible transfer rate.

3 If the tape drive is attached to an LVD SCSI controller, see whether

the tape drive is the only device on the SCSI cable? This can be determined by viewing Windows Device Manager, viewing Unix/ Linux logs, or by viewing SCSI controller during system boot up.

4 If other SCSI devices are attached to the SCSI controller and are active

during the time when a backup is performed to the tape drive, have the tape drive as the only device on the SCSI cable to achieve the best possible backup performance.

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80 LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide

The method of performing the backups can also be a factor in “slow” backups. Data sent to the tape drive over a network connection and delays in data transfer over a network connection can cause backups to slow down.

1 Perform write/read test with diagnostic software. This ensures a test

of the connection between the tape drive and SCSI controller and removes the network data transfer and the backup software from the diagnosis. The write/read test

will overwrite data on the tape.

2 When the test finishes, determine the megabyte per second data

transfer. The resulting calculation shows the tape drive performing at an acceptable rate.

3 If you believe that the write/read transfer is slow even after using the

diagnostic software write/read test, use the Quantum Tape Diagnostic software to perform a trace buffer retrieval. Send the file to Customer Support, so that the state of the SCSI bus can be determined.

4 If the diagnostic write/read test transfer rate is acceptable, but

backups still seem to be “slow,” it may be attributed to the number of files and the average file sizes that are to be backed up. These factors can have a significant effect on the backup performance. Backups where the average file size is less than 200 Kbytes are slower than backups where the average file size is greater than 200 Kbytes. Obtain backup log files to determine number of files and average file size.

LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide 81

Index

AIX 4.1 settings 58

Backup/restore problems 75 Best practices

blink codes

Cartridges

care and maintenance 28 ejecting

specifications 47 troubleshooting

unloading

write-protecting

27, 77

Checking SCSI termination

desktop drive

internal drive 15

Cleaning a tape drive

Computer boots but does not

recognize tape drive

Computer will not boot

Configuring

internal drive

Connecting

power cable

desktop drive

internal drive

SCSI cable for desktop drive 19 SCSI cable for internal drive

serial cable for internal drive

Data buffer 33 Data compression

considerations

Index

82 LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide

intelligent 37

Data integrity

error-correction code 34 servo-tracking faults

DEC/Compaq Unix settings

Desktop drive

checking SCSI termination

connecting a power cable

connecting a SCSI cable 19 installation instructions

installing the LTO driver

quick start 5 SCSI ID

Drive

overview

Drive maintenance

cleaning a tape drive

parking a tape drive 30

Drive performance specifications

Ejecting a cartridge 75 Electromagnetic compatibility

Emergency cartridge eject 75 Emergency reset

Environmental requirements

Error-correction code 34 External drive

quick start

Features 2 Front panel display 24

Guidelines, internal drive 5

HP-UX 11.0 settings 64

IBM AIX 4.1.x and later settings 58 Injected noise

Inspection

Installation instructions

desktop drive

checking SCSI termination

connecting a power cable 21 connecting a SCSI cable

installing the LTO driver

overview 18 setting the SCSI ID

internal drive

checking SCSI termination

configuration

connecting a power cable

connecting a SCSI cable 14 connecting a serial cable

installing the LTO driver

mounting instructions 11 overview

Installing the LTO driver

desktop drive

internal drive

Intelligent data compression

Internal drive

checking SCSI termination

configuring

Index

LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide 83

connecting a power cable 18 connecting a SCSI cable

connecting a serial cable 16 guidelines and cautions

installation instructions

installing the LTO driver 18 mounting

quick start

SCSI ID 8 terminator power

Layout of track 31 Linux settings

Loading a cartridge 26 LTO-3

features

Mean time between failures 46 Method of recording 33 Mounting

internal drive

Overview xi

Parking a tape drive 30 Physical specifications

Power cable connection

desktop drive

internal drive 18

Power specifications

Quick start

desktop drive

external drive 5 internal drive

Recording method 33 Registering tape drive

18, 21

Regulatory compliance 48 Reliability

Reset, emergency

SCO Open Server 5.0.x Unix settings

SCSI cable connection

desktop drive

internal drive

SCSI controllers

SCSI ID

desktop drive

internal drive

SCSI II specification xiii Serial cable connection

internal drive

Servo-tracking faults 35 SGI Irix settings

Index

84 LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide

Slow backups 79 Specifications

drive performance

electromagnetic compatibility

environmental requirements

injected noise 45 LTO cartridge

mean time between failures

physical 40 power

regulatory compliance

reliability 45

Sun (Solaris 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 7, 8, 9) Unix

settings

Tape drive

cleaning

parking

registering 18, 21 troubleshooting

Tape drive not recognized by

operating system or application

Tape will not eject from drive

TapeAlert messages 77 Terminator power

internal drive

Track layout 31 Troubleshooting

backup/restore problems

Computer boots but does not

recognize tape drive

computer will not boot 69 slow backups

tape drive not recognized by

operating system or application 71

tape drives and cartridges

tape will not eject from drive 74 tapeAlert messages

Unix settings

DEC/Compaq Unix 54 SCO Open Server 5.0.x

Sun (Solaris 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 7, 8, 9)

Unloading a cartridge 26 Unpacking

Write-protecting a cartridge 27, 77

Quantum Tape Drive LTO-3 User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual