TV microcontroller with full screen
On Screen Display (OSD)
Preliminary specification
File under Integrated Circuits, IC02
1997 Jun 24
Philips SemiconductorsPreliminary specification
TV microcontroller with full screen
On Screen Display (OSD)
CONTENTS
1FEATURES
1.1General
1.2Microcontroller
1.3Display
2GENERAL DESCRIPTION
3QUICK REFERENCE DATA
4ORDERING INFORMATION
5BLOCK DIAGRAM
6PINNING INFORMATION
6.1Pinning
6.2Pin description
7FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
7.1Microcontroller
7.280C51 features not supported
7.2.1Interrupt priority
7.2.2Off-chip memory
7.2.3Idle and Power-down modes
7.2.4UART function
7.3Additional features
7.3.1Interrupts
7.3.2Bit Level I2C-bus Interface
7.3.3Byte Level I2C-bus Interface
7.3.4LED support
7.3.56-bit PWM DACs
7.3.614-bit PWM DAC
7.3.7Software ADC
7.4Microcontroller Interfacing
7.4.1Special Function Register map
7.4.2Special Function Registers bit description
7.5The display
7.5.1Introduction
7.5.2Character matrix
7.5.3Page attributes
7.5.4East/west selection
7.5.5National option characters
7.6The twist attribute
7.6.1On screen display symbols
7.6.2Language group identification
7.6.3525-line operation
7.6.4Control characters
7.6.5Display modes
7.7On Screen Display boxes
7.8Screen colour
SAA5288
7.9Cursor
7.10Other display features
7.11Display timing
7.12Horizontal timing
7.13Vertical timing
7.14Display position
7.15Clock generator
8CHARACTER SETS
8.1Pan-European
8.2Russian
8.3Greek/Turkish
8.4Arabic/English/French
8.5Thai
8.6Arabic/Hebrew
9LIMITING VALUES
10CHARACTERISTICS
11CHARACTERISTICS FOR THE I2C-BUS
INTERFACE
12QUALITY SPECIFICATIONS
13APPLICATION INFORMATION
14EMC GUIDELINES
15PACKAGE OUTLINE
16SOLDERING
16.1Introduction
16.2Soldering by dipping or by wave
16.3Repairing soldered joints
17DEFINITIONS
18LIFE SUPPORT APPLICATIONS
19PURCHASE OF PHILIPS I2C COMPONENTS
1997 Jun 242
Philips SemiconductorsPreliminary specification
TV microcontroller with full screen
On Screen Display (OSD)
1FEATURES
1.1General
• On-chip TV control tuning
• Hardware and software compatible with SAA5290,
SAA5291 and SAA5296
• Single +5 V power supply
• RGB interface to standard decoder ICs, push-pull output
drive
• SDIP52 package
• Single crystal oscillator for display and microcontroller.
1.2Microcontroller
• 80C51 microcontroller core
• 16 kbyte mask programmed ROM
• 256 bytes of microcontroller RAM
• Eight 6-bit Pulse Width Modulator (PWM) outputs for
control of TV analog signals
• One 14-bit PWM for Voltage Synthesis tuner control
• Four 8-bit Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADCs)
• 2 high current open-drain outputs for directly driving
LED’s etc.
• Switchable bit or byte-oriented I
1.3Display
• Single page (1024 × 8) on-board On Screen Display
(OSD) memory
• Double size width and height capability for OSD
• Enhanced display features including meshing,
shadowing and additional display attributes
2
C-bus interface.
SAA5288
• 260 characters in mask programmed ROM
• Display clock derived internally to reduce peripheral
components to a minimum
• Automatic FRAME output control with manual override
• Standby mode for display hardware
• 525-line and 625-line display
• 12 × 10 character matrix
• Stable Display via slave synchronization to Horizontal
Sync and Vertical Sync.
2GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The SAA5288 is a microcontroller for use in televisions
with an OSD generator compatible with the Economy
Teletext/TV microcontroller family (SAA5290, SAA5291,
SAA5296 etc.). TV control facilities are provided by an
on-chip industry standard 80C51 microcontroller and a
1 kbyte DRAM is included for OSD memory.
Hardware and software compatibility with the Economy
Teletext/TV microcontroller family minimizes the changes
required to develop a TV control function for areas where
teletext is not broadcast.
The device cannot acquire Teletext but is based on a
Teletext device. Therefore, throughout this document
references are made to Teletext especially when
describing the Display/OSD section. The Display/OSD
section is fully compatible with a Teletext display and has
all the features associated with Teletext (i.e. double
height/width, flash, teletext boxes, graphics, etc.).
The Display section is described with reference to Teletext
to allow software compatibility with the Economy
Teletext/TV microcontroller family.
TV microcontroller with full screen
On Screen Display (OSD)
6.2Pin description
Table 1 SDIP52 package
SYMBOLPINDESCRIPTION
P2.0/TPWM1Port 2. 8-bit open-drain bidirectional port with alternative functions.
P2.1/PWM02
P2.2/PWM13
P2.3/PWM24
P2.4/PWM35
P2.5/PWM46
P2.6/PWM57
P2.7/PWM68
P3.0/ADC09Port 3. 8-bit open-drain bidirectional port with alternative functions.
P3.1/ADC110
P3.2/ADC211
P3.3/ADC312
P3.4/PWM730
V
i.c.23Internally connected; this pin should be connected to digital ground.
i.c.24Internally connected; this pin should be connected to digital ground.
i.c.25Internally connected; this pin should be connected to digital ground.
IREF26Reference current input for analog current generator, connected to V
13Digital ground
22Digital ground.
P2.0/TPWM is the output for the 14-bit high precision PWM.
P2.1/PWM0 to P2.7/PWM6 are the outputs for the 6-bit PWMs 0 to 6.
P3.0/ADC0 to P3.3/ADC3 are the inputs for the software ADC facility.
P3.4/PWM7 is the output for the 6-bit PWM7.
P0.5 and P0.6 have 10 mA current sinking capability for direct drive of LEDs.
resistor.
SAA5288
via a 27 kΩ
SSA
1997 Jun 246
Philips SemiconductorsPreliminary specification
TV microcontroller with full screen
SAA5288
On Screen Display (OSD)
SYMBOLPINDESCRIPTION
FRAME27De-interlace output synchronised with the VSYNC pulse to produce a non-interlaced
display by adjustment of the vertical deflection circuits.
V
SSD
COR29Open-drain, active LOW output which allows selective contrast reduction of the TV
RGBREF31DC input voltage to define the output HIGH level on the RGB pins.
B32Pixel rate output of the BLUE colour information.
G33Pixel rate output of the GREEN colour information.
R34Pixel rate output of the RED colour information.
VDS35Video/data switch push-pull output for dot rate fast blanking.
HSYNC36Schmitt trigger input for a TTL level version of the horizontal sync pulse; the polarity
VSYNC37Schmitt trigger input for a TTL level version of the vertical sync pulse; the polarity of
V
DDA
V
DDD
OSCGND40Crystal oscillator ground.
XTALIN4112 MHz crystal oscillator input.
XTALOUT4212 MHz crystal oscillator output.
RESET43If the reset input is HIGH for at least 3 machine cycles (36 oscillator periods) while
V
DDM
P1.0/INT145Port 1. 8-bit open-drain bidirectional port with alternative functions.
P1.1/T046
P1.2/INT047
P1.3/INT148
P1.6/SCL49
P1.7/SDA50
P1.451
P1.552
28Internally connected; this pin should be connected to digital ground.
picture to enhance a mixed mode display.
of this pulse is programmable by register bit TXT1.H POLARITY.
this pulse is programmable by register bit TXT1.V POLARITY.
38+5 V display power supply.
39+5 V display power supply.
the oscillator is running, the device is reset; this pin should be connected to V
a 2.2 µF capacitor.
44+5 V microcontroller power supply.
P1.0/INT1 is external interrupt 1, can be triggered on the rising/falling edge of pulse.
P1.1/T0 is the counter/timer 0.
P1.2/INT0 is the external interrupt 0.
P1.3/T1 is the counter/timer 1.
2
P1.7/SDA is the serial data port for the I
C-bus.
P1.6/SCL is the serial clock input for the I2C-bus.
DDM
via
1997 Jun 247
Philips SemiconductorsPreliminary specification
TV microcontroller with full screen
On Screen Display (OSD)
7FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
7.1Microcontroller
The functionality of the microcontroller used with this
family is described with reference to the industry-standard
80C51 microcontroller. A full description of its functionality
can be found in
Data Handbook IC20”
the changes made to this family fall into two categories:
• Features not supported by the SAA5288
• Features found on the SAA5288 but not supported by
the 80C51.
7.280C51 features not supported
7.2.1INTERRUPT PRIORITY
The IP SFR is not implemented and all interrupts are
treated with the same priority level. The normal priority of
interrupts is maintained within the level.
7.2.2O
The SAA5288 does not support the use of off-chip
program memory or off-chip data memory.
“80C51-Based; 8-bit Microcontrollers,
. Using the 80C51 as a reference,
VECTOR ADDRESS
(HEX)
FF-CHIP MEMORY
SAA5288
7.3Additional features
The following features are provided in addition to the
standard 80C51 features.
7.3.1I
The external INT1 interrupt is modified to generate an
interrupt on both the rising and falling edges of the INT1
pin, when EX1 bit is set. This facility allows for software
pulse-width measurement for handling of a remote control.
7.3.2B
For reasons of compatibility with the SAA5290, SAA5291,
SAA5291A and SAA5491 all contain a bit level serial I/O
which supports the I2C-bus. P1.6/SCL and P1.7/SDA are
the serial I/O pins. These two pins meet the I2C-bus
specification concerning the input levels and output drive
capability see
specifications)”
open-drain output configuration. All the four following
modes of the I2C-bus are supported.
• Master transmitter
• Master receiver
• Slave transmitter
• Slave receiver.
Three SFRs support the function of the bit-level I2C-bus
hardware: S1INT, S1BIT and S1SCS and are enabled by
setting register bit TXT8.I2C SELECT to logic 0.
7.3.3B
The byte level serial I/O supports the I2C-bus protocol.
P1.6/SCL and P1.7/SDA are the serial I/O pins. These two
pins meet the I2C-bus specification concerning the input
levels and output drive capability. Consequently, these two
pins have an open-drain output configuration.
NTERRUPTS
IT LEVEL I
2
C-BUS INTERFACE
“The I2C-bus and how to use it (including
. Consequently, these two pins have an
YTE LEVEL I
2
C-BUS INTERFACE
7.2.3I
DLE AND POWER-DOWN MODES
Idle and Power-down modes are not supported.
Consequently, the respective bits in PCON are not
available.
7.2.4UART
FUNCTION
The 80C51 UART is not available. As a consequence the
SCON and SBUF SFRs are removed and the ES bit in the
IE SFR is unavailable.
1997 Jun 248
The byte level I2C-bus serial port is identical to the I2C-bus
serial port on the 8xC552. The operation of the subsystem
is described in detail in the 8xC552 data sheet described
in
“80C51-Based; 8-bit Microcontrollers Data Handbook
IC20”
.
Four SFRs support the byte level I2C-bus hardware:
S1CON, S1STA, S1DAT and S1ADR. They are enabled
by setting register bit TXT8. I2C SELECT to logic 1.
7.3.4LED
SUPPORT
Port pins P0.5 and P0.6 have a 10 mA current sinking
capability to enable LEDs to be driven directly.
Philips SemiconductorsPreliminary specification
TV microcontroller with full screen
SAA5288
On Screen Display (OSD)
7.3.56-BIT PWM DACS
Eight 6-bit DACs are available to allow direct control of analogue sections of the television.
Each low resolution 6-bit DAC is controlled by its associated Special Function Register (PWM0 to PWM7). The PWM
outputs are alternative functions of Port 2 and P3.4. The PWE bit in the SFR for the port corresponding to the PWM
should be set to logic 1 for correct operation of the PWM, e.g. if PWM0 is to be used, P2.1 should be set to logic 1 setting
the port pin to high-impedance.
7.3.5.1Pulse Width Modulator Registers (PWM0 to PWM7)
Table 3 Pulse Width Modulator Registers (see Table 10 for addresses)
76543210
PWE−PV5PV4PV3PV2PV1PV0
Table 4 Description of PWMn bits (n=0to7)
BITSYMBOLDESCRIPTION
7PWEIf PWE is set to a logic 1, the corresponding PWM is active and controls its assigned
port pin. If PWE is set to la logic 0, the port pin is controlled by the corresponding bit in
the port SFR.
6−not used
5PV5The output of the PWM is a pulse of period 21.33 µs with a pulse HIGH time determined
4PV4
3PV3
2PV2
1PV1
0PV0
by the binary value of these 6-bits multiplied by 0.33 µs. PV5 is the most significant bit.
1997 Jun 249
Philips SemiconductorsPreliminary specification
TV microcontroller with full screen
SAA5288
On Screen Display (OSD)
7.3.614-BIT PWM DAC
One 14-bit DAC is available to allow direct control of analogue sections of the television. The 14-bit PWM is controlled
using Special Function Registers TDACL and TDACH.
The output of the TPWM is a pulse of period 42.66 µs. The 7 most significant bits, TDACH.TD13 (MSB) to TDACH.TD8
and TDACL.TD7, alter the pulse width between 0 and 42.33 µs, in much the same way as in the 6-bit PWMs. The 7 least
significant bits, TDACL.TD6 to TDACL.TD0 (LSB), extend certain pulses by a further 0.33 µs, e.g. if the 7 least significant
bits are given the value 01H, then 1 in 128 cycles is extended. If the 7 least significant bits are given the value 02H, then
2 in 128 cycles is extended, and so forth.
The TPWM will not start to output a new value until after writing a value to TDACH. Therefore, if the value is to be
changed, TDACL should be written to before TDACH.
7.3.6.1TPWM High Byte Register (TDACH)
Table 5 TPWM High Byte Register (SFR address D3H)
76543210
PWE−TD13TD12TD11TD10TD9TD8
Table 6 Description of TDACH bits
BITSYMBOLDESCRIPTION
7PWEIf PWE is set to a logic 1, the TPWM is active and controls port line P2.0. If PWE is set
to a logic 0, the port pin is controlled by the corresponding bit in the port SFR.
6−not used
5TD13These 6-bits along with bit TD7 in the TDACL register control the pulse width period.
4TD12
3TD11
2TD10
1TD9
0TD8
7.3.6.2TPWM Low Byte Register (TDACL)
Table 7 TPWM Low Byte Register (SFR address D2H)
76543210
TD7TD6TD5TD4TD3TD2TD1TD0
Table 8 Description of TDACL bits
BITSYMBOLDESCRIPTION
7TD7This bit is used with bits TD13 to TD8 in the TDACH register to control the pulse width
6 to 0TD6 to TD0These 7-bits extend certain pulses by a further 0.33 µs.
TD13 is the most significant bit.
period.
1997 Jun 2410
Philips SemiconductorsPreliminary specification
TV microcontroller with full screen
On Screen Display (OSD)
7.3.7SOFTWARE ADC
Up to 4 successive approximation ADCs can be
implemented in software by making use of the on-chip 8-bit
DAC and multiplexed voltage comparator. The software
ADC uses 4 analog inputs which are multiplexed with P3.0
to P3.3.
Table 9 ADC input channel selection
CH1CH0INPUT PIN
00P3.3/ADC3
01P3.0/ADC0
10P3.1/ADC1
11P3.2/ADC2
SAA5288
The control of the ADC is achieved using the Special
Function Registers SAD and SADB.
SAD.CH1 and SAD.CH0 select one of the four inputs to
pass to the comparator. The other comparator input
comes from the DAC, whose value is set by SAD.SAD7
(MSB) to SAD.SAD4 and SADB.SAD3 to SADB.SAD0
(LSB). The setting of the value SAD.SAD7 to SAD.SAD4
must be performed at least 1 instruction cycle before the
setting of SAD.ST to ensure comparison is made using the
correct SAD.SAD7 to SAD.SAD4 value.
The output of the comparator is SAD.VHI, and is valid after
1 instruction cycle following the setting of SAD.ST to
logic 1.
handbook, halfpage
P3.0
P3.1
P3.2
P3.3
MULTIPLEXER
8-BIT DAC
CH1, CH0
SAD7 to SAD0
Fig.3 SAD block diagram.
STC1
1D
REF+REF−
VH1
MGL115
1997 Jun 2411
1997 Jun 2412
7.4Microcontroller Interfacing
The 80C51 communicates with the peripheral functions using Special Function Registers which are addressed as RAM locations. The registers in the
teletext decoder appear as normal SFRs in the microcontroller memory map, but are written to using an internal serial bus. The SFR map is given in
Section 7.4.1 and the SFR bit description is given in Section 7.4.2.
Philips SemiconductorsPreliminary specification
TV microcontroller with full screen
On Screen Display (OSD)
7.4.1S
PECIAL FUNCTION REGISTER MAP
Table 10 Special Function Register map; note 1
BIT ADDRESS, SYMBOL OR ALTERNATIVE PORT FUNCTIONRESET