Philips saa4996h DATASHEETS

INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

DATA SH EET

SAA4996H

Motion Adaptive Colour Plus And Control IC (MACPACIC) for PALplus

Preliminary speciﬁcation File under Integrated Circuits, IC02

1996 Oct 28

Philips Semiconductors Preliminary speciﬁcation

Motion Adaptive Colour Plus And Control IC (MACPACIC) for PALplus

CONTENTS

1 FEATURES 2 GENERAL DESCRIPTION 3 QUICK REFERENCE DATA 4 ORDERING INFORMATION 5 BLOCK DIAGRAMS 6 PINNING 7 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION

7.1 Introduction

7.1.1 Data processing

7.1.2 Control

7.2 General requirements

7.3 Hardware configurations and delays

7.3.1 Full PALplus module (see Fig.5)

7.3.2 Stand-alone MACPACIC (see Fig.6)

7.4 Analog processing in front of the PALplus module

7.5 Block diagram

7.6 Luminance and helper processing

7.6.1 Input range

7.7 Luminance processing

7.7.1 Luminance helper processing

7.8 Output signals

7.9 Measurements

7.9.1 Line 22 offset reference measurement

7.9.2 Line 23 and 623 amplitude reference measurement

7.9.3 Noise measurement in line 23 and 623

7.10 Automatic gain and offset control

7.10.1 SNERT control bits influencing the AGC and AOC

7.10.2 Gain control

7.10.3 Offset control

7.10.4 Helper amplitude and bandwidth control

7.11 Output range

7.12 Chrominance

7.12.1 Input range

7.12.2 Chrominance processing

7.12.3 Output signals

7.12.4 Output range

7.13 Chrominance motion detection

7.14 Intelligent residual cross-luminance reduction (IRXR)

7.15 Control

7.15.1 Input reference signals

7.15.2 Functional description

7.15.3 SNERT interface (see application note AN95XXX)

SAA4996H

8 TEST

8.1 Boundary scan test

8.1.1 Identification codes 9 DC CHARACTERISTICS 10 AC CHARACTERISTICS

10.1 Clock buffers 11 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 12 PACKAGE OUTLINE 13 SOLDERING

13.1 Introduction

13.2 Reflow soldering

13.3 Wave soldering

13.4 Repairing soldered joints 14 DEFINITIONS 15 LIFE SUPPORT APPLICATIONS

1996 Oct 28 2

Philips Semiconductors Preliminary speciﬁcation

Motion Adaptive Colour Plus And Control

SAA4996H

IC (MACPACIC) for PALplus

1 FEATURES

• Motion adaptive colour plus decoding

• Helper AGC/AOC

• Helper decompanding

• Memory controlling

• VERIC controlling.

2 GENERAL DESCRIPTION

The SAA4996H (MACPACIC) performs the Motion Adaptive Colour Plus (MACP) processing which is a dedicated field comb filter technique exploited for the PALplus system.

3 QUICK REFERENCE DATA

SYMBOL PARAMETER MIN. MAX. UNIT

amb

die

digital supply voltage 4.75 5.25 V operating ambient temperature 0 +70 °C die temperature − +125 °C

The integrated circuit is especially designed to be used in conjunction with the SAA4997H Vertical Reconstruction IC (VERIC) to decode the transmitted PALplus video signals in PALplus colour TV receivers.

In addition, a hardware configuration ‘stand-alone MACPACIC’ with only two field memories (FM1 and FM4) is also possible. In this condition no helper lines are processed and no vertical reconstruction is applied. This configuration enables the Motion Adaptive Colour Plus processing to be performed in non PALplus receivers.

4 ORDERING INFORMATION

TYPE

NUMBER

SAA4996H QFP100

NAME DESCRIPTION VERSION

PACKAGE

plastic quad ﬂat package; 100 leads (lead length 1.95 mm); body 14 × 20 × 2.7 mm; high stand-off height

SOT317-1

1996 Oct 28 3

Philips Semiconductors Preliminary speciﬁcation

Motion Adaptive Colour Plus And Control IC (MACPACIC) for PALplus

5 BLOCK DIAGRAMS

handbook, full pagewidth

Y_ADC

Y_FM1

U_ADC V_ADC

U_FM1 V_FM1

17 to 24

1 to 8

15, 16, 13, 14

11, 12, 9, 10

CHROMINANCE

PROCESSING

UV_IFA

SAA4996H

LUMINANCE AND

HELPER PROCESSING

SAA4996H

60, 59,

57 to 52

37 to 44

61, 62,

63, 64

MUX

SEL

IVericN

46, 47,

91, 92,

89, 90

Y_MA

Y_TO_FM1

U_TO_FM1_0

U_MA, V_MA WE_FM2 / U_TO_FM1_1

WE_FM3 / V_TO_FM1_1

RSTW_FM23 / V_TO_FM1_0

U_TO_FM4 V_TO_FM4

U_FM4 V_FM4

VA_FRONT

CLAMP

WE_FRONT

SNERT_DA

SNERT_CL

SNERT_RST

85, 86, 87, 88

81 29 36

82 83 84

VERIC_AV_N

CHROMINANCE

MOTION DETECTION

AND IRXR

control

SNERT INTERFACE

25, 49, 67, 73,

DD1

to V

SS1

DD5

26, 50, 66, 74,

CLK_16i CLK_32i

to V

SS5

CLOCK

BUFFER

CLK_16

CLK_32

CONTROL

70332758 72 71 69

TDI

TMS

TCK

TEST

TRSTN

3 3

100

94 95 93 79 80 28 76 77 78

98, 75, 35 51, 31, 65

30, 32, 34

TEST1,2,3

RE_FM1 WE_FM1 RE_FM4 WE_FM4 RST_FM14 VA_AI HREF_MA WE_MA EVEN_FIELD FILM INTPOL

CLK_16B1,2,3 CLK_32B1,2,3

TDO_MA

MHA133

1996 Oct 28 4

Fig.1 Block diagram.

Philips Semiconductors Preliminary speciﬁcation

Motion Adaptive Colour Plus And Control IC (MACPACIC) for PALplus

RST_FM14

RE_FM4

WE_FM1

H / V

VA_AI_DIFF

LOGIC

VA_RES

WE_FM4

IVericN

Mpip

CLK_16I

CLK_32I

WE_FM3

WE_FM2

16/32 MHz

H_RE / WE

PC2

PIXEL

PRE

RSTW_FM23

CONVERTER

PIXEL

DECODER

10 BIT

CLK

COUNTER 2

2 CLK_16

IVericN

LD = 2

line2_every_field

EVEN_FIELD

HlpM0,1

RE_FM1

V_RE / WE

LINE

DECODER

IVericN

HREF_MA

DELAY

CLAMP

WE_MA

FILM

HlpM0,1

VERIC

CONTROL

FilmOn

INTPOL

DECODER

Mpip

EVEN_FIELD

22Valid

SAA4996H

TDO_MA

TEST AND BST

MHA137

TEST3

TEST2

TRSTN TDI TMS TCK TEST1

VA_AI_DIFF

handbook, full pagewidth

VA_AI

Mpip

VA_RES

VA_FR_DEL

CLK_16I

LC_ACQ

ACQ

LINE

PRE

DELAY

VA_FRONT

FIELD LENGTH

InvO/E

IVericN

9 BIT

COUNTER

CLK_16I

VaDel0-2

EVEN_FIELD

VA_AI



FIELD

DETECTION,

MEASUREMENT,

VA_RES

CLK_16I

CLP_DIFF

VA_FR_DEL

LD = 1

CLP_DIFF

CLK_16I

PC2_PRE

(1/2 LINE)

VA_AI DELAY

PC1

LC_DSP

DSP

PRE

MUX2

VA_AI_DIFF

LINE

SEL

MUX1

CLK_16I

9 BIT

COUNTER

Mpip

SEL

LD = 1

IVericN

PRE

CLK_16I

WE_MA

WE_MA

GENERATION

PC1

PIXEL

10 BIT

COUNTER 1

CLK_32I

CLOCK

BUFFER

WeShift16_0,1

WeStrtH,V

WeStpH,V

LD = 2

CLK

CLK_16I

line2_every_field

EnIRXR

MpipFilmOn InvO/EMacpOn MotVis0,1

2 32

HlpM0,1

Preset VaDel0-2

SNERT INTERFACE

Control 6:

Interlace,

EnPreEvFld,

PreEvFld

Control 5:

BOH0-2,

VAA0,1,

SEL_SD_YL0,1,

Control 4:

SelSdYl0,1,

NmYl0,1,

Rha/Rhb0-2

Control 3:

22/23/623Valid,

IMacpacicN,

IVericN

IrxrThr1-4,

FixHlpMain

HlpRedThr1-5,

MacpYhThr1-3

NAIRXR



Fig.2 Block diagram of the control part.

VA_FRONT

1996 Oct 28 5

CLAMP

CLK_32

CLK_16

CLK_16B1

CLK_16B2

CLK_16B3

CLK_32B1

CLK_32B2

CLK_32B3

WE_FRONT

SNERT_CL

SNERT_DA

SNERT_RST

Philips Semiconductors Preliminary speciﬁcation

Motion Adaptive Colour Plus And Control IC (MACPACIC) for PALplus

Control 1

Control 2

Control 5

handbook, full pagewidth

Control 4

OUTPUT

2 ACQ DATA

FastTest_Del

SNERT_RST

adr_H65/H66

(bit D3)

FastTest

FAST TEST DELAY

DATA

INPUT

2 SYNCHRON

Control 2/2

Control 1/2

2 ACQ DATA

Control 1/1

Control 2/1

Line2_odd_every_field

INPUT

WeStrtH,

WeStpH

2 × 8

4 ACQ DATA

WeStrtH*,

WeStpH*

2 × 8

WeStrtV,

2 × 9

INPUT

2 × 9

WeStpV

WeStrtV*,

HlpRedThr1,2,3,4,5,

MacpYhThr1,2,3,

IrxrThr1,2,3,4,

FixHlpMain,

Control 5

14 × 8

1 SYNCHRON

SNERT_RST

WeStpV*

SAA4996H

Control 6

DATA

INPUT

Control 6/1

MHA138

Line2_every_field

DATA_OUT

to

adr_en_50h

ADDRESS

DECODER

ALE

DLE



SERIAL DATA I/O

DATA AND ADDRESS

SNERT_DA

21 ACTUAL

adr_en_68h



GENERATION

LATCH ENABLE

SNERT_CL

SNERT_RST

DATA

INPUT

DATA_IN 8

4 BIT COUNTER



SEND / RECEIVE

SNERT_RST

CONTROLLING

Interlace

Line2_odd_every_field

LINE 2

GENERATION

ENABLE SIGNAL

ODD / EVERY FIELD

EVEN_FIELD

Line2_every_field

Fig.3 Block diagram of the SNERT interface.

1996 Oct 28 6

Philips Semiconductors Preliminary speciﬁcation

Motion Adaptive Colour Plus And Control

SAA4996H

IC (MACPACIC) for PALplus

6 PINNING

SYMBOL PIN DESCRIPTION

Y_FM1_7 1 CVBS/helper/luminance input data bit 7 from FM1 Y_FM1_6 2 CVBS/helper/luminance input data bit 6 from FM1 Y_FM1_5 3 CVBS/helper/luminance input data bit 5 from FM1 Y_FM1_4 4 CVBS/helper/luminance input data bit 4 from FM1 Y_FM1_3 5 CVBS/helper/luminance input data bit 3 from FM1 Y_FM1_2 6 CVBS/helper/luminance input data bit 2 from FM1 Y_FM1_1 7 CVBS/helper/luminance input data bit 1 from FM1 Y_FM1_0 8 CVBS/helper/luminance input data bit 0 from FM1 V_FM1_0 9 chrominance input data bit 0 from FM1 V_FM1_1 10 chrominance input data bit 1 from FM1 U_FM1_0 11 chrominance input data bit 0 from FM1 U_FM1_1 12 chrominance input data bit 1 from FM1 V_ADC_0 13 chrominance input data bit 0 from ADC V_ADC_1 14 chrominance input data bit 1 from ADC U_ADC_0 15 chrominance input data bit 0 from ADC U_ADC_1 16 chrominance input data bit 1 from ADC Y_ADC_0 17 CVBS/helper/luminance data input bit 0 from ADC Y_ADC_1 18 CVBS/helper/luminance data input bit 1 from ADC Y_ADC_2 19 CVBS/helper/luminance data input bit 2 from ADC Y_ADC_3 20 CVBS/helper/luminance data input bit 3 from ADC Y_ADC_4 21 CVBS/helper/luminance data input bit 4 from ADC Y_ADC_5 22 CVBS/helper/luminance data input bit 5 from ADC Y_ADC_6 23 CVBS/helper/luminance data input bit 6 from ADC Y_ADC_7 24 CVBS/helper/luminance data input bit 7 from ADC V

DD1

SS1

CLK_16 27 16 MHz line-locked system clock input pulse WE_MA 28 write enable output signal; deﬁnes active video data CLAMP 29 horizontal reference input pulse TEST1 30 test pin 1; must be LOW during normal operation CLK_32B2 31 32 MHz line-locked clock output pulse TEST2 32 test pin 2; must be LOW during normal operation CLK_32 33 32 MHz line-locked system clock input pulse TEST3 34 test pin 3; must be LOW during normal operation CLK_16B3 35 16 MHz line-locked clock output pulse WE_FRONT

Y_TO_FM1_0 37 CVBS/helper/luminance output data bit 0 to FM1; stand-alone MACPACIC Y_TO_FM1_1 38 CVBS/helper/luminance output data bit 1 to FM1; stand-alone MACPACIC Y_TO_FM1_2 39 CVBS/helper/luminance output data bit 2 to FM1; stand-alone MACPACIC

25 positive supply voltage 1 26 negative supply voltage 1

write enable input signal used as horizontal reference in the event of active data

1996 Oct 28 7

Philips Semiconductors Preliminary speciﬁcation

Motion Adaptive Colour Plus And Control

SAA4996H

IC (MACPACIC) for PALplus

SYMBOL PIN DESCRIPTION

Y_TO_FM1_3 40 CVBS/helper/luminance output data bit 3 to FM1; stand-alone MACPACIC Y_TO_FM1_4 41 CVBS/helper/luminance output data bit 4 to FM1; stand-alone MACPACIC Y_TO_FM1_5 42 CVBS/helper/luminance output data bit 5 to FM1; stand-alone MACPACIC Y_TO_FM1_6 43 CVBS/helper/luminance output data bit 6 to FM1; stand-alone MACPACIC Y_TO_FM1_7 44 CVBS/helper/luminance output data bit 7 to FM1; stand-alone MACPACIC U_TO_FM1_0 45 chrominance output data to FM1; stand-alone MACPACIC WE_FM2/U_TO_FM1_1 46 for full PALplus module; write enable for FM2 for stand-alone MACPACIC;

chrominance output to FM1

RSTW_FM23/V_TO_FM1_0 47 for full PALplus module; reset write for FM2/FM3 for stand-alone

MACPACIC; chrominance output to FM1

WE_FM3/V_TO_FM1_1 48 for full PALplus module; write enable for FM3 for stand-alone MACPACIC;

chrominance output to FM1

DD2

SS2

CLK_32B1 51 32 MHz line-locked clock output pulse Y_MA_0 52 luminance output data bit 0 from MACPACIC Y_MA_1 53 luminance output data bit 1 from MACPACIC Y_MA_2 54 luminance output data bit 2 from MACPACIC Y_MA_3 55 luminance output data bit 3 from MACPACIC Y_MA_4 56 luminance output data bit 4 from MACPACIC Y_MA_5 57 luminance output data bit 5 from MACPACIC VERIC_AV_N 58 input conﬁguration signal VERIC available (VERIC_AV_N = 0) Y_MA_6 59 luminance output data bit 6 from MACPACIC Y_MA_7 60 luminance output data bit 7 from MACPACIC U_MA_0 61 chrominance output data bit 0 from MACPACIC U_MA_1 62 chrominance output data bit 1 from MACPACIC V_MA_0 63 chrominance output data bit 0 from MACPACIC V_MA_1 64 chrominance output data bit 1 from MACPACIC CLK_32B3 65 32 MHz line-locked clock output pulse V

SS3

DD3

TDO_MA 68 boundary scan test: data output signal TRSTN 69 boundary scan test: reset input signal TDI 70 boundary scan test: data input signal TMS 71 boundary scan test: multiplexer set input TCK 72 boundary scan test: clock input signal V

DD4

SS4

CLK_16B2 75 16 MHz line-locked clock output pulse EVEN_FIELD 76 even ﬁeld =0 = odd input ﬁeld; even ﬁeld =1 = even input ﬁeld

49 positive supply voltage 2 50 negative supply voltage 2

66 negative supply voltage 3 67 positive supply voltage 3

73 positive supply voltage 4 74 negative supply voltage 4

1996 Oct 28 8

Philips Semiconductors Preliminary speciﬁcation

Motion Adaptive Colour Plus And Control

SAA4996H

IC (MACPACIC) for PALplus

SYMBOL PIN DESCRIPTION

FILM 77 control output signal to select film or camera mode in VERIC;

FILM = 0: camera mode; FILM = 1: film mode; FILM = 1 and INTPOL = 0; bypass mode for MultiPIP

INTPOL 78 INTPOL = 0 = vertical interpolation in the VERIC not active;

INTPOL = 1 = vertical interpolation in the VERIC active

VA_AI 79 vertical reference output pulse or vertical reference input pulse in MultiPIP

mode HREF_MA 80 horizontal reference output pulse VA_FRONT 81 vertical reference input pulse or vertical reference output pulse in MultiPIP

mode SNERT_DA 82 Synchronous No parity Eight bit Reception and Transmission (SNERT)-bus

data SNERT_CL 83 SNERT-bus clock SNERT_RST 84 SNERT-bus reset U_FM4_0 85 chrominance input data bit 0 from FM4 U_FM4_1 86 chrominance input data bit 1 from FM4 V_FM4_0 87 chrominance input data bit 0 from FM4 V_FM4_1 88 chrominance input data bit 1 from FM4 V_TO_FM4_1 89 chrominance output data bit 1 to FM4 V_TO_FM4_0 90 chrominance output data bit 0 to FM4 U_TO_FM4_1 91 chrominance output data bit 1 to FM4 U_TO_FM4_0 92 chrominance output data bit 0 to FM4 RST_FM14 93 reset read/write FM1 and FM4 output RE_FM4 94 read enable FM4 output WE_FM4 95 write enable FM4 output V

DD5

SS5

CLK_16B1 98 16 MHz line-locked clock output pulse RE_FM1 99 read enable FM1 output WE_FM1 100 write enable FM1 output

96 positive supply voltage 5 97 negative supply voltage 5

1996 Oct 28 9

Philips Semiconductors Preliminary speciﬁcation

Motion Adaptive Colour Plus And Control IC (MACPACIC) for PALplus

handbook, full pagewidth

Y_FM1_7 Y_FM1_6 Y_FM1_5 Y_FM1_4 Y_FM1_3 Y_FM1_2 Y_FM1_1 Y_FM1_0 V_FM1_0 V_FM1_1 U_FM1_0

U_FM1_1 V_ADC_0 V_ADC_1 U_ADC_0 U_ADC_1 Y_ADC_0 Y_ADC_1 Y_ADC_2 Y_ADC_3 Y_ADC_4 Y_ADC_5 Y_ADC_6 Y_ADC_7

DD1

SS1

CLK_16 WE_MA

CLAMP

TEST1

SS5VDD5

WE_FM4

CLK_16B1

RE_FM1

WE_FM1

99989796959493929190898887868584838281

100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29

RST_FM14

RE_FM4

U_TO_FM4_0

SAA4996H

V_TO_FM4_1

V_TO_FM4_0

U_TO_FM4_1

V_FM4_0

V_FM4_1

U_FM4_0

U_FM4_1

SNERT_DA

SNERT_CL

SNERT_RST

VA_FRONT

HREF_MA

VA_AI

INTPOL

FILM

EVEN_FIELD

CLK_16B2

TCK

TMS

TDI

TRSTN

TDO_MA

CLK_32B3

V_MA_1

V_MA_0 U_MA_1

62 61

U_MA_0

Y_MA_7

Y_MA_6 VERIC_AV_N

58 57

Y_MA_5

Y_MA_4

Y_MA_3 Y_MA_2

54 53

Y_MA_1

Y_MA_0

5130

CLK_32B1

SAA4996H

SS4 DD4

DD3 SS3

1996 Oct 28 10

31323334353637383940414243444546474849

TEST2

TEST3

CLK_32

CLK_32B2

CLK_16B3

WE_FRONT

Y_TO_FM1_0

Y_TO_FM1_1

Y_TO_FM1_2

Y_TO_FM1_3

Y_TO_FM1_4

Y_TO_FM1_5

Y_TO_FM1_6

Y_TO_FM1_7

U_TO_FM1_0

WE_FM2/U_TO_FM1_1

RSTW_FM23/V_TO_FM1_0

WE_FM3/V_TO_FM1_1

Fig.4 Pin configuration.

DD2

MHA134

SS2

Philips Semiconductors Preliminary speciﬁcation

Motion Adaptive Colour Plus And Control IC (MACPACIC) for PALplus

7 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION

7.1 Introduction

The MACPACIC is designed to be used in the PALplus decoder module of a PALplus colour TV receiver. The full PALplus decoder module consists of two special integrated circuits and four field memories, as illustrated in Fig.5.

The special ICs are as follows;

• Motion Adaptive Colour Plus And Control IC (MACPACIC) for PALplus (SAA4996H)

• Vertical Reconstruction IC (VERIC) (SAA4997H).

Besides the full PALplus module, a configuration for stand-alone Motion Adaptive Colour Plus processing (MACP) is also possible (see Fig.6). In this event only MACPACIC with FM1 and FM4 are necessary. This configuration enables the MACP processing in non-PALplus receivers to be performed.

The PALplus module is designed to operate in conjunction with a 100 Hz feature box. All special requirements such as the delay of the PALplus module, bypass modes and generation of the necessary control and clock signals will be fulfilled.

7.1.1 D

The MACPACIC includes the decompanding functions for the helper lines and the motion adaptive luminance/chrominance separation in accordance with the PALplus system description REV. 3.0 with some modifications;

• The system operates at a clock frequency of 16 MHz

• The Y:U:V format is 4:1:1 instead of 4:2:2

• The filter DEC_MD_UV_LPF is not implemented

• If noisy helper signals are received, the helper

bandwidth and/or amplitude can be reduced

• Automatic gain control of the helper signal with respect to the luminance signal.

The input signals are the BB(helper)/CVBS and chrominance signals which are derived from the analog-to-digital converter (ADC).

ATA PROCESSING

SAA4996H

7.1.2 C Memory control, PALplus system controlling and clock

generation (from the incoming 16 MHz and 32 MHz line-locked clocks) are implemented in the MACPACIC. All clocks and control signals necessary for the PALplus module (excluding read control of FM2/FM3) are generated in the controller part. Inputs are reference signals, clocks and control signals delivered by the colour/helper decoder IC (TDA9144), and the 100 Hz memory controller, i.e. ECO4 (SAA4952) or ECOBENDIC (SAA4970). The MACPACIC also receives control information via a three-wire serial interface (SNERT-bus) from the microprocessor in the 100 Hz feature box.

7.2 General requirements

The PALplus IC set is designed to operate in conjunction with the PHILIPS 100 Hz feature box. All requirements with respect to this combination are fulfilled.

The special requirements are as follows;

• The signal processing is adapted to the analog preprocessing in the TDA9144 for luminance, helper and chrominance signals

• Clock rate and clock generation

• Some special control signals are generated in the

PALplus module

• The field length must be measured and used to set the delay of the full PALplus module to 1.5 fields

• A SNERT interface is used to transfer control data to and from the PALplus module

• MultiPIP with the help of a PIP module is possible

• Results of noise measurements influence the helper

processing

• Automatic gain and offset control is implemented

• Reference signals in line 22 are used for inverse set-up

operation

• Noise measurement implemented

• Boundary scan test implemented

• Preset of internal recursive parts for testing.

ONTROL

At its outputs the MACPACIC delivers separate luminance and chrominance signals, each one free from cross-artefacts as main signal, as well as decompanded and filtered helper signals. For standard input signals and, in the event of MultiPIP mode with the help of a PIP module, the MACPACIC can be switched to different bypass modes.

1996 Oct 28 11

Philips Semiconductors Preliminary speciﬁcation

Motion Adaptive Colour Plus And Control IC (MACPACIC) for PALplus

7.3 Hardware conﬁgurations and delays

Two general hardware configurations are possible.

7.3.1 F The delay from input to output is 1.5 fields rounded to

complete lines, also in the bypass mode. Therefore, the number of input lines of the odd and even fields must be measured. The result of this measurement is then used to generate the required delay.

In the MultiPIP mode the delay of the full PALplus module is one line.

7.3.2 S In this situation only the MACPACIC with FM1 and FM4

are necessary. No helper lines are processed and no vertical reconstruction with the VERIC is applied. The delay from input to output is one field, one line and some clocks of processing delay, this also applies in the bypass mode. In the MultiPIP mode the delay is two clocks (CLK_16).

ULL PALPLUS MODULE (see Fig.5)

TAND-ALONE MACPACIC (see Fig.6)

SAA4996H

7.4 Analog processing in front of the PALplus

module

In front of the MACPACIC an analog colour/helper decoder (TDA9144) performs the colour and helper demodulation.

Because of the requirement that a standard ADC with clamping on 16 should be used for CVBS and helper analog-to-digital conversion, a black (letter box lines) and mid grey (helper lines) shift is applied in the colour/helper decoder. For reshifting without errors in the digital domain these shift levels are inserted as a reference in line 22.

In the event of stand-alone MACPACIC and PALplus input signals the helper demodulation must be switched off.

No special actions are taken in the colour/helper decoder for chrominance processing.

In this document U will refer to −(B − Y) and V will refer to

−(R − Y).

In combination with the full PALplus module with letter box input signals (16:9), the PAL delay line of the colour/helper decoder must be switched off. This is because this function is also implemented in the vertical reconstruction filter of the VERIC. For all other input signals and for stand-alone MACPACIC the PAL delay line must be switched on.

1996 Oct 28 12

Philips Semiconductors Preliminary speciﬁcation

Motion Adaptive Colour Plus And Control IC (MACPACIC) for PALplus

handbook, full pagewidth

Y_FRONT[0...7]

U_FRONT[0,1] V_FRONT[0,1]

FIELD MEMORY

FM1

SWCK SRCK

CLK_16B1

CLK_16

DD1-5

SS1-5 CLK_16 CLK_32

VA_FRONT

WE_FRONT

CLAMP

SNERT_DA SNERT_CL

SNERT_RST

TRSTN

TEST1-3

VERIC_AV_N

TDI

TMS

TCK

5 5

(2)

SAA4996H

Y_ADC_0...7

Y_FM1_0...7

U_FM1_0,1 V_FM1_0,1

U_ADC_0,1

V_ADC_0,1

BB-DECOMPANDING



MOTION ADAPTIVE

LUMINANCE /

CHROMINANCE

SEPARATION



MEMORY CONTROL



PALplus CONTROL



CLOCK GENERATION



SYNC GENERATION



SNERT INTERFACE

U_TO_FM4_0,1 V_TO_FM4_0,1

FIELD MEMORY

FM4

Y_MA_0...7

U_MA_0,1 V_MA_0,1

U_FM4_0,1 V_FM4_0,1

3 3

CLK_16B1

CLK_16B1, 2, 3 CLK_32B1, 2, 3

FIELD MEMORY

CLK_32B3

Y_TO_FM1_0...7 U_TO_FM1_0

(1)

WE_FM2 U_TO_FM1_1

RSTW_FM23 V_TO_FM1_0

WE_FM3 V_TO_FM1_1

WE_FM1, RE_FM1 RST_FM14 WE_FM4, RE_FM4

VA_AI WE_MA HREF_MA

FILM EVEN_FIELD INTPOL

TDO_MA

(1)

CLK_32B1

FM2

FM3

DD1-4

SS1-4 CLK_16B2 CLK_32B3

HREF_MA

VA_AI

FILM

EVEN_FIELD

INTPOL

TRSTN

TDI

TMS

TCK

TEST1-3

Y_FM23_0...7

U_FM23_0,1

V_FM23_0,1

RECONSTRUCTION

3 11

SAA4997H

Y_VE_0...7

U_VE_[0,1] V_VE_[0,1]

INVERSE QMF

FILTER

 

VERTICAL

CHROMINANCE

SRC

 

FM2 / FM3

READ CONTROL

MHA136

SAA4996H

Y_VE_[0...7]

U_VE_0,1

V_VE_0,1

TDO_VE OE_FM2 OE_FM3 RE_FM2 RE_FM3

RSTR_FM23

(1) In case of stand-alone MACPACIC the output signals are U_TO_FM1_1, V_TO_FM1_0 or V_TO_FM1_1.

Otherwise the output signals are WE_FM2, RSTW_FM23 or WE_FM3.

(2) VERIC available: VERIC_AV_N is connected to V

1996 Oct 28 13

Fig.5 PALplus decoder module.

Philips Semiconductors Preliminary speciﬁcation

Motion Adaptive Colour Plus And Control IC (MACPACIC) for PALplus

handbook, full pagewidth

Y_FRONT[0...7]

U_FRONT[0,1] V_FRONT[0,1]

FIELD MEMORY

FM1

SWCK SRCK

CLK_16

CLK_16B1

DD1-5

SS1-5

CLK_16 CLK_32

VA_FRONT

WE_FRONT

CLAMP

SNERT_DA

SNERT_CL

SNERT_RST

TRSTN

TEST1-3

VERIC_AV_N

TDI TMS TCK

(2)

5 5

Y_ADC_0...7

Y_FM1_0...7

U_FM1_0,1 V_FM1_0,1

U_ADC_0,1 V_ADC_0,1

MOTION ADAPTIVE

CHROMINANCE

MEMORY CONTROL

PALplus CONTROL

CLOCK GENERATION

SYNC GENERATION

SNERT INTERFACE

U_TO_FM4_0,1 V_TO_FM4_0,1

Y_TO_FM1_0...7

Y_TO_FM1_0

SAA4996H

LUMINANCE / SEPARATION

    

U_FM4_0,1 V_FM4_0,1

SAA4996H

Y_MA_0...7 Y_MA_0...7

U_MA_0,1 V_MA_0,1

RSTW_FM23 V_TO_FM1_0

WE_FM2 U_TO_FM1_1

WE_FM3 V_TO_FM1_1

CLK_16B1, 2, 3

CLK_32B1, 2, 3

WE_FM1, RE_FM1 RST_FM14

WE_FM4, RE_FM4 VA_AI

WE_MA HREF_MA

FILM EVEN_FIELD INTPOL

TDO_MA

U_MA_0,1 V_MA_0,1

(1)

(1) In case of stand-alone MACPACIC the output signals are U_TO_FM1_1, V_TO_FM1_0 or V_TO_FM1_1.

Otherwise the output signals are WE_FM2, RSTW_FM23 or WE_FM23.

(2) VERIC not available: VERIC_AV_N is connected to V

1996 Oct 28 14

FIELD MEMORY

FM4

Fig.6 Stand-alone MACPACIC.

CLK_16B1

MHA135

Philips Semiconductors Preliminary speciﬁcation

Motion Adaptive Colour Plus And Control IC (MACPACIC) for PALplus

7.5 Block diagram

The functional block diagram of the MACPACIC for PALplus is illustrated in Fig.1. The device consists of 4 main parts:

• Luminance and helper processing

• Chrominance processing

• Chrominance motion detection

• Control.

The clock rate of the input data is 16 MHz. Internally, the device operates at a 32 MHz clock frequency. The clock rate of the output data is either 32 MHz (in combination with FM2, FM3 and VERIC) or 16 MHz for stand-alone MACP processing.

The delay of the full PALplus module is 1.5 fields in the PALplus and bypass mode. A field length measurement is implemented. For MultiPIP with the help of a PIP module the delay of the PALplus module is one line.

For stand-alone MACP the delay is one field, one line and some clocks of processing delay.

For MultiPIP with the help of a PIP module the delay of MACPACIC is two clocks (CLK_16).

7.6 Luminance and helper processing

7.6.1 I To use a standard ADC with clamping on 16, a black

set-up for the CVBS signal and a black/mid grey set-up for the helper signal has to be performed in the colour/helper decoder. The shift values for black set-up and mid grey set-up are inserted in line 22.

All values are nominal values.

CVBS:

clamp level: 16 black set-up: 51 white: 191 format: 8-bit, straight binary

Helper:

mid grey set-up: 121 range: (121 − 60) to (121 + 60) = 61 to 181 format: 8-bit, offset binary

NPUT RANGE

SAA4996H

7.7 Luminance processing

The luminance and the helper processing have two input branches. One input is an 8-bit wide 16 MHz data stream from the ADC. The other is an 8-bit wide 16 MHz data stream from the field memory (FM1). The odd field of an input frame is stored in the field memory FM1. In the even field of a frame, the even field together with the delayed odd field is processed by the MACPACIC.

To remove the chrominance part of the incoming composite video signal, the Motion Adaptive Colour Plus technique is applied. Colour Plus is a dedicated comb filter technique, which makes full use of the correlation of two successive fields.

During processing the data of the odd and even fields are separated in a high-pass and low-pass part. The high-pass part consists of the luminance high-pass component and the modulated chrominance signal. Due to the phase difference of the colour carrier of 180° from the odd to the even field, the chrominance signal can be removed by adding the high-pass signals.

This processing will work successfully in the film mode, because scanned film material is motionless within the two fields of one frame. In the camera mode a motion detector fades down the luminance high-pass component if motion is detected.

The following vertical low-pass filters perform a vertical interpolation of the high-pass part by the factor of two.

In the event of bad signal conditions, the residual cross-luminance signal, caused by clock jitter between two fields, can be reduced by using this filter as a 2D comb filter. Therefore different sets of coefficients can be selected via SNERT.

The luminance high-pass part and the luminance low-pass part are then added.

The automatic gain control (AGC) and automatic offset control (AOC) functions use reference lines 23, 623 and 22 to reduce errors in the vertical reconstruction in the VERIC. This is to reduce the effects of any errors that might be caused due to variations in the conventional PAL references in the signal during the transmission chain with respect to the levels of the luminance letter box and helper signals.

Y (standard input):

black: 16 peak white: 191 format: 8-bit, straight binary

1996 Oct 28 15

Philips Semiconductors Preliminary speciﬁcation

Motion Adaptive Colour Plus And Control IC (MACPACIC) for PALplus

7.7.1 LUMINANCE HELPER PROCESSING In the event of incoming helper, the switchable low-pass

filter acts as an inverse shaping and bandwidth reduction filter for the helper lines. If a distorted helper signal is transmitted, the bandwidth can be reduced from 2.2 MHz (0 dB) to 1.0 MHz or to 0.5 MHz (−3 dB).

The high-pass part of the luminance processing is not used for the helper processing.

To stabilize the transmitted helper signal against noise disturbances, the encoder performs a companding of the signal. In the decoder the decompanding is performed in the AGOC block (see Fig.7).

7.8 Output signals

In the event of full PALplus configuration, odd and even field data are multiplexed to a 32 MHz data stream.

For the stand-alone MACPACIC, the processed even field data is connected to the field memory FM1 and the odd field data is switched to the output Y_MA. In the next field the stored even field data is read out of the field memory FM1 and then connected to the output of the MACPACIC.

If MultiPIP mode is selected, the luminance input data from the ADC (Y_ADC) is switched directly to the output Y_MA.

In the bypass mode the luminance data processing is switched off and multiplexed data is connected to the MACPACIC output.

The clock frequency of the output data Y_MA is 32 MHz for the MACPACIC in combination with the VERIC, or 16 MHz for the stand-alone MACPACIC.

7.9 Measurements

The digital data stream at the input of the PALplus decoder module contains three reference lines;

• Reference line 22 consists of the black and mid grey set-up, inserted by the colour/helper decoder

• The second half of line 23 contains the black level reference and the maximum negative reference for the PALplus helper lines

• The first half of line 623 contains reference values for the black level and the peak white level for the main lines.

The reference lines 23 and 623 are generated by the PALplus encoder and are used to reduce the effects of any errors that might be caused due to variations in the transmission chain with respect to the levels of the luminance letter box and helper signals.

SAA4996H

The content and the timing of the reference lines are illustrated in Figs 13, 14 and 15.

7.9.1 L Due to the fact that a standard ADC with a clamping level

of 16 should be inserted for CVBS and helper analog-to-digital conversion, a black offset for the letter box lines and a mid grey offset for the helper lines are carried out in the colour/helper decoder. These offset values are inserted as references in line 22 to reshift the CVBS and helper signals in the digital domain without errors. Therefore, a measurement of the offsets in line 22 is necessary. The average value of the real offset is calculated from 64 samples and substacted from the CVBS and helper signal. The CVBS and helper input signal are illustrated in Fig.16.

7.9.2 L

The helper and luminance amplitude measurement consists of averaging 64 samples each of;

Helper zero (MHZ). Helper maximum (MHM). Luminance black (MLB). Luminance white (MLW).

Measured helper amplitude = helper maximum minus helper zero.

Measured luminance amplitude = luminance white minus luminance black.

Frame integration is performed with a feed back factor of (1 − K) =1⁄16. The frame integration part can be preset with the first measured value. Preset is controlled with the preset bit transmitted via SNERT.

7.9.3 N For the helper lines the noise measurement is carried out

in reference line 23 and for the letter box lines in reference line 623. Both measurements are active in the black reference levels of line 23 and line 623 respectively. The processing of the noise measurement for the helper signal and the letter box signal is performed in the same way.

First the average value of 64 samples is calculated. The single actual sample values are subtracted from this average value and the sum of these absolute differences are frame integrated. The integration factor is 1 − K=1⁄16.

INE 22 OFFSET REFERENCE MEASUREMENT

INE 23 AND 623 AMPLITUDE REFERENCE

MEASUREMENT

OISE MEASUREMENT IN LINE 23 AND 623

1996 Oct 28 16

Philips Semiconductors Preliminary speciﬁcation

Motion Adaptive Colour Plus And Control IC (MACPACIC) for PALplus

The frame integration part can be preset with the first measured value. Preset is controlled via a bit from the SNERT interface.

7.10 Automatic gain and offset control

The automatic gain and offset control circuit evaluates the results of the reference data, which are derived from reference lines 22, 23 and 623 to eliminate any offset and gain differences between the letter box lines and the helper lines. This is caused during transmission of the video signal.

7.10.1 SNERT

AOC

MacpOn: If line 22 is not detected this bit will be ignored and the MACP processing (and thus AGC and AOC) is switched off.

FilmOn: If line 22 is not detected, the VERIC operates in Camera mode.

CONTROL BITSINFLUENCING THE AGC AND

SAA4996H

The helper amplitude is reduced when the measured noise exceeds a certain threshold level. These thresholds are conveyed via the SNERT-bus. The reduction of the helper amplitude, before decompanding, ensures that more noise is cancelled by the coring. The adaptive helper gain control is switched off when the SNERT bits HlpM1 and HlpM0 are both at logic 1. In this condition the helper gain is defined by the values FixHlp and FixMain via the SNERT-bus.

If the measured helper or luminance amplitude is below the threshold level, or when line 22 is not valid, the helper is switched off.

7.10.3 O As long as line 22 reference is present, luminance and

helper offset are controlled by line 22. If line 22 is not valid the offset value is fixed to 16.

For luminance offset control a hysteresis function, controlled by SNERT, is applied to the measured luminance offset.

FFSET CONTROL

HlpM1, HlpM0: In adaptive and fixed helper processing modes (HlpM1 = 1, HlpM0 = X) AGC and AOC are achieve.

Table 1 Control bits HlpM1 and HlpM0

HlpM1 HlpM0 FUNCTION

0 0 no helper processing

(any aspect ratio, without helper)

0 1 helper set to zero

(up-conversion without helper)

1 0 adaptive helper processing (helper

processing controlled by reference amplitudes and noise in the helper channel)

1 1 ﬁxed helper processing (ﬁxed gain

values loaded via SNERT-bus)

7.10.2 GAIN CONTROL

If line 22 reference is present in a frame, the luminance input signal contains black set-up and reduced amplitude. The luminance gain then is 1.25. If line 22 is not valid the luminance gain is 1.0.

7.10.4 H In the event of noisy helper signals the helper amplitude

and bandwidth can be reduced to avoid disturbances in the inverse QMF processing in VERIC.

Five thresholds are therefore transmitted via SNERT. These thresholds are compared with the measured helper noise value. The results are used to control a state machine with five states.

The state machine is initialized with the preset bit from SNERT or when line 22 is valid for the first time.

The output states are used to control the helper amplitude and bandwidth as shown in Fig.8 and Tables 2 and 3.

7.11 Output range

Luminance lines: straight binary, black = 16, white = 191. PALplus helper lines: offset binary, 128 ±70.

ELPER AMPLITUDE AND BANDWIDTH CONTROL

The helper gain is controlled by the measured helper amplitude in line 23 to match the helper amplitude to the decompanding table. After decompanding the helper amplitude is controlled by the measured luminance amplitude in line 623, to obtain the correct luminance/helper ratio for the QMF filter in the VERIC.

1996 Oct 28 17

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