Philips saa4981 DATASHEETS

INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

DATA SH EET

SAA4981

Monolithic integrated 16 : 9
compressor

Preliminary specification
Supersedes data of May 1994
File under Integrated Circuits, IC02

1995 Oct 05

Philips Semiconductors Preliminary specification

Monolithic integrated 16 : 9 compressor SAA4981

FEATURES

• Fixed horizontal compression by a factor of4⁄3 for most
video standards

• Three fixed screen positions (left, centre and right)

• 5 MHz bandwidth

• Bypass function

• Inputs for luminance and chrominance of side panels

• Standard video inputs and outputs (Y, (B−Y) and (R−Y))

• Horizontal and vertical sync signals are not processed

• Pre filters and post filters on chip.

The synchronisation input HREF is a line frequency
reference signal. The bandwidth of the IC is up to 5 MHz
and the signal delay is realized with SC Line Memories
(Switched Capacitors Line Memories). The output of the
16 : 9 compressor also has the format Y, (B−Y) and (R−Y)
and provides the following two possibilities:

1. Bypass function (the input signal is not compressed)

2. Compressed video by a factor of

4

⁄3 with three different

fixed screen positions (left, centre and right). The
luminance and chrominance of the side panels are
determined by the external signals YSIDE, BYSIDE
and RYSIDE.

The horizontal compression is a time discrete and

GENERAL DESCRIPTION

The integrated 16 : 9 compressor is an IC which
compresses the active part of a video line by a factor of
from, for example, 52 µsto39µs. This is necessary to
display 4:3 video software on a 16 : 9 tube in the correct
proportion. The capacitively coupled video inputs are Y,

amplitude continuous signal processing. This provides pre
and post filters which are realized on-chip. The internal
clock generation is achieved with a 54 MHz horizontal PLL

4

⁄

3

which is synchronized to the positive edge of the HREF
signal. The function of the IC is controlled by the three
control signals CTRL1, CTRL2 and CTRL3.

(B−Y) and (R−Y).

QUICK REFERENCE DATA

Voltages for video signals are peak-to-peak values for 75% colour bars. All voltages are referenced to
V

EEA=VEED

=0V.

SYMBOL PARAMETER MIN. TYP. MAX. UNIT

V

CCA

V

CCD

V

iY(p-p)

V

iU(p-p)

V

iV(p-p)

V

iHREF

V

oY(p-p)

V

oU(p-p)

V

oV(p-p)

analog supply voltage 4.75 5.0 5.5 V
digital supply voltage 4.75 5.0 5.5 V
Y input voltage (peak-to-peak value) − 0.32 0.45 V
(B−Y) input voltage (peak-to-peak value) − 1.33 1.9 V
(R−Y) input voltage (peak-to-peak value) − 1.05 1.5 V
input HREF top pulse 3.0 − 6.5 V
YOUT output voltage (peak-to-peak value) − 0.32 0.5 V
(B−Y)OUT output voltage (peak-to-peak value) − 1.33 2.1 V
(R−Y)OUT output voltage (peak-to-peak value) − 1.05 1.7 V

ORDERING INFORMATION

TYPE NUMBER

SAA4981 DIP24 plastic dual in-line package; 24 leads (600 mil) SOT101-1
SAA4981T SO24 plastic small outline package; 24 leads; body width 7.5 mm SOT137-1

1995 Oct 05 2

PACKAGE

NAME DESCRIPTION VERSION

Philips Semiconductors Preliminary specification

Monolithic integrated 16 : 9 compressor SAA4981

BLOCK DIAGRAM

V

V

SUB

EED

CCD

YOUT

18

MUX Y

6.7 MHz

LOW-PASS FILTER

MUX

SC LINE

MEMORIES

C1 C2 C3

SAA4981

(B-Y)OUT

17

MUX BY

6.7 MHz

LOW-PASS FILTER

MUX

SC LINE

MEMORIES

(R-Y)OUT

16

MUX RY

C1 C2 C3

6.7 MHz

LOW-PASS FILTER

MUX

SC LINE

MEMORIES

C1 C2 C3

3

CLAMP REFERENCE

MHA277

RYSIDE

BYSIDE

YSIDE

CLAOUT

BGREF

LMRY

C

LMBY

C

LMY

C

handbook, full pagewidth

V

V

EEA

CCA

20 19 8 7 4

SC LINE MEMORY

SC LINE MEMORY

5 MHz

LOW-PASS FILTER

CLAMP

23

YIN

SC LINE MEMORY

SC LINE MEMORY

5 MHz

LOW-PASS FILTER

CLAMP

22

(B-Y)IN

1995 Oct 05 3

SC LINE MEMORY

SC LINE MEMORY

5 MHz

LOW-PASS FILTER

CLAMP

21

(R-Y)IN

3

C1

HORIZONTAL

SEPARATION

6

HREF

C2

C3

CONTROLLER

PLL

54 MHz

Fig.1 Block diagram.

11 1 2 3 24 5 15 14 1310912

CTRL1 CTRL3

TEST CTRL2

Philips Semiconductors Preliminary specification

Monolithic integrated 16 : 9 compressor SAA4981

PINNING

SYMBOL PIN DESCRIPTION

C

LMY

C

LMBY

C

LMRY

SUB 4 substrate connection (see Fig.5)
CLAOUT 5 internal clamping reference voltage

HREF 6 horizontal reference input
V

EED

V

CCD

CTRL1 9 control input 1
CTRL2 10 control input 2
CTRL3 11 control input 3
TEST 12 test mode activation
RYSIDE 13 side panel input for RY
BYSIDE 14 side panel input for BY
YSIDE 15 side panel input for Y
(R−Y)OUT 16 output signal for (R−Y)
(B−Y)OUT 17 output signal for (B−Y)
YOUT 18 output signal for Y
V

EEA

V

CCA

(R−Y)IN 21 input signal for (R−Y)
(B−Y)IN 22 input signal for (B−Y)
YIN 23 input signal for Y
BGREF 24 decoupling capacitor for internal

1 decoupling capacitor for Y

reference voltage

2 decoupling capacitor for BY

reference voltage

3 decoupling capacitor for RY

reference voltage

output

7 ground for digital section
8 positive digital supply voltage

19 ground for analog section
20 positive analog supply voltage

reference voltage

handbook, halfpage

1

C

LMY
LMBY
LMRY

SUB

HREF

2
3
4
5
6

C
C

CLAOUT

SAA4981

7

V

EED

8

V

CCD

TEST

9
10
11
12

CTRL1
CTRL2
CTRL3

Fig.2 Pin configuration.

MHA276

24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13

BGREF
YIN
(B-Y)IN
(R-Y)IN
V

CCA

V

EEA

YOUT
(B−Y)OUT
(R−Y)OUT
YSIDE
BYSIDE
RYSIDE

1995 Oct 05 4

Philips Semiconductors Preliminary specification

Monolithic integrated 16 : 9 compressor SAA4981

FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
Applicable video standards

The integrated 16 : 9 compressor can be used for the
following video standards; B, C, D, G, H, I, K, K1, L,
M and N. standards D, I, K, K1 and L will show a reduced
video bandwidth above 5 MHz.

Clamping circuit

The clamping circuits clamp the video input signals Y,
(B−Y) and (R−Y) to the DC level of the clamp reference
signal fed from the clamp reference circuit. This is
necessary to ensure that the input signals are in the
correct input voltage range for the 5 MHz low-pass filters
and the SC line memories.

Internal pre filters

Before the signals are sampled in the time discrete and
amplitude continuous area, low-pass filtering is necessary
to avoid any aliasing. Even if the inputs have already been
low-pass filtered further filtering is advantageous for the
electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). The same transfer
function is used for all three low-pass filters because of the
same bandwidth for the luminance and chrominance
signals (up to 5 MHz).

SC line memories

After the low-pass filters the input signals are fed to the SC
line memories. The signals are sampled at a clock
frequency of 13.5 MHz. One video line later the signals are
read with a clock frequency of 18 MHz in the compression
mode. The result of the different clock frequencies is a

4

horizontal compression by a factor of

⁄3. The clocks and

the horizontal starting pulses for the SC line memories are
fed from the controller.

Two line memories are required for each signal path
because in the compression mode, in one video line the
signals are sampled to the SC line memories with

13.5 MHz and one video line later the signals are read with
18 MHz. In the bypass mode, via the SC line memories, in
one video line the signals are sampled with 13.5 MHz and
one video line later the signals are read with 13.5 MHz.
The SC line memories are suitable for signals with a
bandwidth up to 5 MHz. With a multiplexer (MUX) behind
the SC line memories, the sampled video signal is
connected to the internal post filters.

Output multiplexer MUX Y, MUX (B−Y) and MUX (R−Y)

The output multiplexers are controlled via C1 and C2 fed
from the controller. The multiplexers are used to connect
one of the four input signals to the output and, also, enable
fast switching.

The input signals of the multiplexers for one component
[Y, (B−Y) or (R−Y)] are as follows:

• The output signal of the post filter

• The uncompressed signal after the input clamping

• The clamping reference signal

• The signal for the side panel determined by YSIDE,

BYSIDE and RYSIDE.

The horizontal separation circuit

The 54 MHz horizontal PLL is locked to the positive edge
of the digital HREF signal, which is generated in the
horizontal separation circuit. It is also possible to use the
positive edge of the burst key of a sandcastle signal.

54 MHz horizontal PLL

The 13.5 MHz clock frequency for the sampling clock and
the 18 MHz clock frequency for the reading clock are
generated in the 54 MHz horizontal PLL. The 13.5 MHz
clock and the 18 MHz clock are line locked.

Clamp reference

Reference voltages are generated In the clamp reference
block. These DC signals are used in the clamping circuits
as input signals for the output multiplexers and as
reference voltages for the SC line memories.

Four external capacitors at the pins C

LMY

, C

LMBY

, C

LMRY

and BGREF respectively are necessary to provide
smoothing for the reference voltages. A black level
reference signal is available at CLAOUT.

1995 Oct 05 5

Philips Semiconductors Preliminary specification

Monolithic integrated 16 : 9 compressor SAA4981

Controller

The controller generates the clocks and the horizontal start
signals for the SC line memories and, also, the control
signals for the output multiplexers. The timing for the start
reading signal for three different screen positions (left,
centre and right) and the control signals for the
multiplexers (C1 and C2) is fixed. For the uncompressed
signals a bypass via the SC line memories and a bypass
not via the SC line memories is available. When the
signals do not pass the line memories, the frequency
response is not affected by the si-function. The
compression and bypass mode via the line memories is
delayed by one line with respect to the bypass mode not
via the line memory.

The 16 : 9 compressor is controlled via the control signals
CTRL1, CTRL2 and CTRL3 (see Table 1). The test input
must be LOW level.

Table 1 Functions of the control signals

CTRL1 CTRL2 CTRL3 FUNCTION

LOW LOW LOW bypass (through the line

memories)

LOW HIGH LOW compression, left position
HIGH LOW LOW compression, centre position
HIGH HIGH LOW compression, right position

LOW LOW HIGH bypass (not through the line

memories)

Signals for the side panels

The luminance and chrominance of the side panels is
determined by the external signals YSIDE, BYSIDE and
RYSIDE. This external generated side panel signal can be
referenced to the internal black level reference signal via
the output CLAOUT (pin 5).

Horizontal timing (see Fig.3)

The horizontal timing refers to the positive edge of the
input HREF signal.

The following timing parameters are valid for a horizontal
frequency of 15.625 kHz.

Input clamping typically starts at t
tB= 3.78 µs.

= 1.55 µs and ends at

A

Internal post filters

The output signals of the SC line memories have to be
filtered with three 6.7 MHz low-pass filters to eliminate the
high frequencies caused by the time discrete signal
processing. The cut-off frequency of 6.7 MHz is necessary
because, as a result of the
frequencies are shifted to a higher frequency band with the
inverse compression factor (e.g. 5 MHz→ compression→

6.67 MHz). Due to the common bandwidth requirements
for all three outputs of the SC line memories the same
transfer function for the filters can be used.

Remark: These filters do not provide an si-correction. This
means that an input signal with a frequency of 5 MHz will
be damped by 2.1 dB at the output if the signal passes an
SC line memory.

1995 Oct 05 6

3

⁄4 compression factor, the