Philips CDR2 TM 482272525242 Service Manual

Compact Disc Recording

The basics of Compact Disc Recordable and

Compact Disc ReWritable
(reference set is CDR870)

Table of Contents

1. Introduction

2. CD-Recording discs

3. The CD-Recordable/ReWritable Audio Recorder

©

Copyright 1998 Philips Consumer Electronics B.V. Eindhoven, The
Netherlands. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be
reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or
by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, or otherwise
without the prior permission of Philips.

Published by JO 9862 Service Disc Systems Printed in The Netherlands Subjectto modification

4822 725 25242

g

BASICS CDR/RW

Service disc systems

Philips CD-Recorder

Philips Sound & Vision

CD R87 0

The fulfilment of a long-standing
wish:with this Philips CD-Recorder,
you can make your own audio CDs,
on your home audio installation.
Compilations made from your
favourite music will play back,in the
original sound quality,not only on the
CDR 870 itself,but also on your car
CD player,sound machine,portable
CD player,or any other CD playback
device.

The CDR 870 gives you the choice
of creating your own CDs on ‘write­once’CD-Recordable discs or on
re-usable CD-ReWritable discs,all at
once or in sessions.

• Records and plays CD-Record­able and CD-ReWritable discs;
plays all audio CDs

• Records from all home stereo
analogue and digital sources

• Optical and coaxial digital
input and output

• Automatic sample rate
conversion from 32 and 48 kHz
to 44.1 kHz

• Automatic or manual track
numbering

• CD-Sync autostart recording
from digital sources

• SCMS Serial Copy Management
System

• Precision diecast mechanism

• 1-bit Analogue-to-Digital
converter

This unique Philips CD-Recorder gives you the capability, for the first

time,to make your own top-quality audio CDs,on either ‘write-once’

CD-Recordable discs or re-usable CD-ReWritable discs.Subject to the

digital copy constraints of the SCMS system,you can make CDs

from all analogue or digital sources in your audio system.

Discs can be recorded all at once,or in stages,known as ‘sessions’.

Just as on a prerecorded CD, you can put track numbers on your own

discs,automatically or manually,depending on the source and your own

preference. And when ‘finalized’ for playback,these discs behave in

exactly the same way as your regular prerecorded CDs.

CD-Recordable - The ‘Write­Once’ Discs

Blank CD-Recordable (CD-R) discs

feature an organic dye layer for
recording, applied over a
substrate containing a
wobbulated ‘pre-groove’ to

guide the laser beam. The ‘pre­groove’ is FM modulated with time code
and other disc information. The average
wobbulation frequency is used to control
the turntable speed, while the time code
is used to position the recordings on the
disc. During recording, the laser forms
‘bumps’ in the dye layer, which have the
same effect as the pits in a pre-recorded
CD. When fully recorded and ‘finalized’,
CD-R discs are fixed for life, and will play
on all CD players and recorders.

CD-Rewritable - The Erasable
And Reusable Disc

Blank CD-ReWritable (CD-RW) discs

use ‘phase change’ technology for

recording, and the same
wobbulated ‘pre-groove’
principle. A low-reflectance
domain of amorphous (or non­crystalline) phase, is produced

when the laser heats the recording layer

rapidly above its melting point of
500-700°C. Cooling quickly, this
amorphous domain ‘freezes’ and becomes
reflective. If, on the other hand,
the recording layer is heated to a rather
lower temperature for a somewhat longer
time, a light-diffusing crystalline phase is
formed. Because these changes are
reversible, CD-RW discs can be erased
and rewritten, at least a thousand times.

During recording, individual tracks
can be erased; when fully recorded and
‘finalized’, these discs must be erased
completely before re-use. Finalized
CD-RW discs will play on all CD-RW­compatible CD players and recorders.
Philips will start to make it's CD-players
compatible with RW-discs in 1998.

Note: The CDR-870 is designed to use
CD-R and CD-RW discs optimized for
audio recording, and bearing these
logos.CD-R and CD-RW discs produced
specially for use with CD-R/RW computer
drives are not suitable. The logo's on
these discs do not contain 'Digital Audio'.

Analogue Recording

This is just like recording on to
cassette tape. You adjust the record level
control so that the loudest passages fill
the blue section of the record level meter
on the display, without going into the red
overload section.

If you choose automatic track
numbering, the CDR 870 inserts a new
track number each time it detects a
3-second pause in the music. With manual
track numbering, you can insert track
numbers any place you like during
recording. When the recording stops,
the discs’s temporary Table Of Contents
is automatically updated, and when you
come back to resume recording,
the player automatically finds the end of
the last recording session.

Digital Recording

No record level setting is required for
digital recording; the level is regulated in
the digital input signal.

If you choose automatic track number­ing, the CDR 870 inserts track numbers
directly from the source material.

With manual track numbering, you can

Making your own CDs - the final functionality
for y our audio system

again insert track numbers any place you
like during recording.

When the recording stops, the discs’s
temporary Table Of Contents is auto­matically updated, and when you come
back to resume recording, the player
automatically finds the end of the last
recording session.

CD Sync Recording

With this ultimate convenience
feature, recording starts automatically as
soon as the source begins to play.
CD-Sync Recording lets you record either
individual tracks or an entire disc from
any digital input, with automatic or
manual track numbering.

SCMS

The CDR 870 incorporates the
internationally-accepted SCMS Serial Copy
Management System. With SCMS, only
single direct copies of digital source
material are permitted: it is not possible
to copy digital copies.

Finalizing A Disc

Finalizing a fully-recorded disc is a
simple matter of pressing the Finalize
key, followed by Record. Once initiated,
the procedure is fully automatic.

After finalization, discs will play on
other CD players or recorders, but further
music tracks cannot be added.
CD-RW discs can be rewritten after they
have been completely erased.

Playback

The CDR 870 has all the familiar CD
playback features: play, pause, next and
previous track, track selection by
number, 2-speed fast forward and reverse
search, and programmed playback.

COMPACT DISC RECORDER CDR 870

POWER ON/OFF

DISPLAY

REC FINALIZE ERASE

STOP

REC LEVEL

PAUSE PLAY

CD SYNC

PREV NEXT

INPUT

PHONES LEVEL

AUTO MANUAL

/

OPEN CLOSE

/

0

1

2

3

7

46

5

8

9

10

Recordable

ReWritable

PAUSE

DIG

COPY

CD SYNC

TOTALAUTO TRACK REM TIME

L
R

-50 -40 -30 -20 -10 -6 -3 0

0VER

REWRITABLE

RECORD

CD

1 2 3 4 9 11 12 13 14 15 16

17 18 19

5 6 7 108

3 5 6 7 841 2

1 2 3

4 5 6

7 8 9

0

Recordable

ReWritable

INPUT DISPLAY REPEAT

PAUSE

STOP

PLAYPREV

TRACK INCR

FINALIZE

CD SYNC REC

PROGRAM

NEXT

SEARCH

FAST

4
5
6
7
8

1
2

11

10

13

16

9

14
15

17
18

12

3

Front

1 POWER ON/OFF
2 Headphone jack (PHONES)
3 Headphone level (LEVEL)
4 Disc tray
5 Display
6 OPEN/CLOSE
7 Record (REC)
8 FINALIZE

9 ERASE
10 CDSYNC
11 Previous track selection (PREV)
12 Next track selection (NEXT)
13 PLAY
14 PAUSE
15 STOP

16 Level Meter (analogue input)
17 AUTO/MANUAL track increment

selection

18 DISPLAY indication selection
19 INPUT select

Rear

1 Analogue line input jacks
2 Analogue line output jacks
3 Digital input
4 Digital output
5 Optical digital input
6 Optical digital output
7 Voltage selector (not on all versions)
8 AC Mains input

Remote

1 OPEN/CLOSE
2 INPUT selector
3 Numeric buttons 0-9
4 STOP
5 PREVIOUS
6 Search reverse button
7 TRACK INCRement
8 FINALIZE

9 CDSYNC
10 REC
11 PROGRAM
12 FAST search button
13 Search forward button
14 NEXT
15 PLAY
16 PAUSE
17 REPEAT
18 DISPLAY indication modes

The products and services described here are not necessarily available in all countries. Due to continuous product improvements this specification is subject to change without notice. Printed in the Netherlands. 08/97 3122 321 78132

Philips Sound & Vision

Business Unit Disc Systems

P.O. Box 80002

5600 JB Eindhoven

The Netherlands

http://www.philips.com

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS CDR870

GENERAL

System Compact disc

digital audio
Number of channels 2 (stereo)
Applicable discs CD, CD-R, CD-RW
Power supply AC 230V (/00),

120V (/17),

120/230V (/11)
Power consumption 15W
Operating temperature 5-35°C
Weight 4 Kg
Dimensions 435x 310 x 75 mm

(wx d x h)

AUDIO

Frequency response 20 Hz -20 kHz
Playback S/N 105 dB
Playback dynamic range 98 dB
Playback total harmonic 85 dB

distortion
Recording S/N 90 dB
Recording dynamic range 95 dB
Recording total 85 dB

harmonic distortion

Line output voltage 2 Vrms
Digital coaxial output 0.5V(pp)/75Ω
Digital optical output -20 dBm
Headphones 0-5Vrms/8-2000Ω

Recording values for line input/output

Digital coaxial input 32-48 kHz
(automatic sample rate
conversion)

Digital optical input 32-48 kHz
(automatic sample rate
conversion)

Analogue input 700mVrms/50 kΩ

RECORDING FUNCTIONS

Recording
Auto start recording (Cdsync)
Pause recording
Erase last track (CD-RW disc)
Erase disc (CD-RW disc)
Manual track Increment
Automatic track Increment
Remaining recording time display
Finalize (writing TOC)
SCMS (Serial Copy Management System)
RID code (Recorder Unique Identifier)

PLAYBACK FUNCTIONS

Play
Pause
Stop
Direct track selection
Next/Previous track selection
Search forward/reverse
Fast search forward/reverse
Repeat (all/1-track)
Program play (20 tracks)
Time display switching

ACCESSORIES

Remote control (+batteries)
Audio cable (x2)
Digital coaxial cable (x1)
AC mains cable

IMPORTANT:

IT IS A CRIMINAL OFFENCE, UNDER APPLICABLE COPYRIGHT LAWS, TO MAKE UNAUTHORISED COPIES OF COPYRIGHT-PROTECTED MATERIAL, INCLUDING

SOUND RECORDINGS. THIS EQUIPMENT SHOULD NOT BE USED FOR SUCH PURPOSES.

BASICS CDR/RW 1

DETAILED CONTENTS:

1 Introduction 2

1.1 The CD-Recording system 2

1.2 The most important differences between
CD-R/CD-RW discs and pre-recorded CDs 2

1.3 The requirements for the
CD-Recording system 3

2 CD-Recording discs 3

2.1 The CD-Recording discs 3

2.1.1 Dimensions 3

2.1.2 The structure 3

2.2 The principle of recording 4

2.2.1 The writing process CD-R 4

2.2.2 The Writing process CD-RW 4

2.2.2.1 Recording 4

2.2.2.2 Erasing 5

2.2.2.3 Overwriting 5

2.3 The groove in the CD-Recording discs 5

2.3.1 Dimensions 5

2.3.2 The wobble of the groove 5

2.3.3 The wobble modulation 5

2.4 The requirements for the
CD-Recording discs 6

2.4.1 The unrecorded (blank) disc 6

2.4.2 The recorded disc 6

2.5 Data Organization 6

2.5.1 Power Calibration Area 6

2.5.2 Program Memory Area 6

2.5.3 Lead In Area 6

2.5.4 Program Area 6

2.5.5 Recordable User Area + Lead Out Area 6

2.5.6 The general linking rules 7

2.5.7 Misrecording 7

3.3 The Electrical part 17

3.3.1 The input part of the circuit with
the ENCODER path 17

3.3.1.1 Digital In 17

3.3.1.2 Analogue Digital converter 18

3.3.1.3 Cross Interleave Read/Solomon Code to
Eight-to-Fourteen-Modulation (CIRC EFM)
Encoder 18

3.3.2 The output part of the circuit with
the DECODER path 18

3.3.2.1 DAC analogue output 19

3.3.2.2 Digital output 19

3.3.2.3 Monitoring 19

3 The CD-Recordable/ReWritable Audio Recorder 8

3.1 Blockdiagram of a CD-Recordable/
ReWritable Audio recorder 8

3.2 The Mechanical part with its control
systems 12

3.2.1 The CD-Recording drive 12

3.2.1.1 The CDM mechanism 13

3.2.1.2 The CDM requirements 13

3.2.1.3 The 3-spots push pull system 14

3.2.1.4 shock sensitivity 14

3.2.1.5 focus radius 14

3.2.1.6 eccentricity 14

3.2.2 The CDM board 14

3.2.2.1 Laser Control 15

3.2.2.2 Optical Power Calibration 15

3.2.2.3 Normalizing 16

3.2.3 The Servo Functions 16

3.2.3.1 Turntable Motor Control in recording and
play-back mode 16

3.2.3.2 Focus servo 16

3.2.3.3 Radial servo 16

3.2.4 The Wobble Processing 16

3.2.5 The Servo microcontroller 17

Service disc systems

2 BASICS CDR/RW

1 Introduction

1.1 The CD-Recording system

The CD-Recording system consists of a CD-Recorder/player
and the exchangeable software carrier CD-Recording disc.
Most known CD systems, like CD-Audio, CD-ROM, CD-I
CD-ROM XA, Photo CD, Video CD are pre-recorded systems,
and lack the facility of recording as enjoyed by tape systems.
This CD-Recording system addresses this deficiency.
Dependant to the applied disc carrier two different solutions
are in use: CD-Recordable and CD-ReWritable.
CD-Recordable (CD-R), a so-called Write-Once principle, has
the advantage of full compatibility with all pre-recorded CD
systems.
CD-ReWritable is able to write, read and rewrite
CD-ReWritable discs (CD-RW). CD-RW discs have a lower
reflectance than standard CDs and therefore cannot be
played-back by all today's CD players.
Above that both recording disc systems can be split to a
Professional application (e.g. CD-ROM) and a Consumer
(Audio) application.
Both applications have their own CD-Recordable and
CD-ReWritable discs with appropriate logo, to comply with
copyright legislation in various countries. The Audio
CD-Recorder/player will only make recordings on CD-R and
CD-RW discs bearing the appropriate 'Digital Audio' logo.
These discs are subject to levies that are payable to the
relevant copyright protection associations.
Concerning the lower reflectance of Audio CD-RW discs:
For CD-Audio players, from production 1998 onwards, Philips
intends to extend all her future CD-Audio players so that they
will be able to play Audio CD-ReWritable discs.
With the introduction of the CD-R/RW Audio Recorder at the
end of 1997 both recording functions (Recordable and
ReWritable) are combined in one Audio CD-Recorder/player.
This description assumes the knowledge of the conventional
CD-Audio system.

1.2 The most important differences between CD-R/CD-RW
discs and pre-recorded CDs.

1.3 The requirements for the CD-Recording system

The most important requirement for the CD-Recording system
is to be compatible with the conventional CD-Audio system.
The CD-Recording system has an added advantage to make
an incremental recording. This means that a recording
session can be interrupted at any time, and can be continued
at a later time, possibly using a different recorder. The
successive parts of information are recorded sequentially on
the disc.

The Audio recorded disc is compatible with the CD-Audio
system.
This is only true for the fully recorded CD-R disc, which
means that the Lead-In Area has been recorded after the
recording of the last track of the disc (Finalizing).For
'finalized' CD-RW discs (reflection) adapted players will play
back these discs only.

The blank CD-Recording disc contains a sensitive layer of a
material which has a reflection decrease if an effect (called a
pit) is recorded by heating up the sensitive layer locally. The
requirements for the recorded signals as well as for the rest of
the disc parameters are basically the same as the CD-Audio
system.
In other words, the CD-Recording system is fully compatible
with the conventional CD-Audio system.

The Audio CD-Recorder/player is a CD-Audio player with the
following basic functions:

- It can play back a disc of the existing CD-disc standard,
so it is a player which is compatible with the Compact Disc
system.

- It makes recording on the recording disc according to
CD-Recordable or CD-ReWritable standard possible.

- It enables to play back a partially recorded disc.

- It records additional tracks on partially recorded disc.

- It makes a fixing up of a recorded disc to a compatible
disc of the existing CD-disc standard (Finalizing).

The main physical difference between CD-R/CD-RW disc
types and the pre-recorded CD is that the latter has no
recording layer; the information is permanently stamped in the
aluminium reflecting layer.
There is also a difference in terms of the data areas on the
disc. Compared with standard CDs, there is a CD-R/CD-RW
area that is located in front of the Lead-In Area. This
additional area is used to store data specific to the recor­ding process and is divided into the Program Memory Area
(PMA) and the Program Calibration Area (PCA). In chapter 2.5
Data Organization these areas are explained in more detail.
As long as recordings are made on the disc the Lead-In Area
is not filled. At the moment the recording disc is converted
into a standard CD-format, the PMA information is recorded in
the Lead-In Area. This process is called 'Finalizing', because
after this procedure no more recordings on this disc can be
made.

Other main parameters are:

- Recording/playing time is equal to normal CD
(max. about 74 minutes).

- Scanning velocity of the laser spot:
Constant Linear Velocity (CLV) is 1.2 to 1.4 m/s.

- Disc diameter is 120 mm.

- CIRC/EFM encoding.

- Track pitch is nominally 1.6 µm. The Program Area is
recorded between 50 and max. 116 mm diameter.

- Audio encoding: 2 channel stereo, 16 bit quantization,

44.1 kHz sampling frequency.

- Data encoding: block encoding with approximate user
data transfer rate of 1.4 Mbit/s.

All these parameters are a contribution to guarantee the
exchangeability between all Compact Discs and
CD-Recording discs recorded on other CD-Recording players.

The CD-Recording disc has to meet with the mechanical and
optical specifications lay down in the CD-Recordable and
CD-ReWritable standard.

Service disc systems