PGP Universal Server - 3.0 Administrator’s Guide

PGP Universal Server

Administrator's Guide

Version Information

PGP Universal Server Administrator's Guide. PGP Universal Server Version 3.0.0. Released March 2010.

Copyright © 1991-2010 by PGP Corporation. All Rights Reserved. No part of this document can be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, for any purpose, without the express written permission of PGP Corporation.

Trademark Information

PGP, Pretty Good Privacy, and the PGP logo are registered trademarks of PGP Corporation in the US and other countries. IDEA is a trademark of Ascom Tech AG. Windows and ActiveX are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. AOL is a registered trademark, and AOL Instant Messenger is a trademark, of America Online, Inc. Red Hat and Red Hat Linux are trademarks or registered trademarks of Red Hat, Inc. Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds. Solaris is a trademark or registered trademark of Sun Microsystems, Inc. AIX is a trademark or registered trademark of International Business Machines Corporation. HP-UX is a trademark or registered trademark of Hewlett-Packard Company. SSH and Secure Shell are trademarks of SSH Communications Security, Inc. Rendezvous and Mac OS X are trademarks or registered trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc. All other registered and unregistered trademarks in this document are the sole property of their respective owners.

Licensing and Patent Information

The IDEA cryptographic cipher described in U.S. patent number 5,214,703 is licensed from Ascom Tech AG. The CAST-128 encryption algorithm, implemented from RFC 2144, is available worldwide on a royalty-free basis for commercial and non-commercial uses. PGP Corporation has secured a license to the patent rights contained in the patent application Serial Number 10/655,563 by The Regents of the University of California, entitled Block Cipher Mode of Operation for Constructing a Wide-blocksize block Cipher from a Conventional Block Cipher. Some third-party software included in PGP Universal Server is licensed under the GNU General Public License (GPL). PGP Universal Server as a whole is not licensed under the GPL. If you would like a copy of the source code for the GPL software included in PGP Universal Server, contact PGP Support ( may have patents and/or pending patent applications covering subject matter in this software or its documentation; the furnishing of this software or documentation does not give you any license to these patents.

https://support.pgp.com). PGP Corporation

Acknowledgments

This product includes or may include:

-- The Zip and ZLib compression code, created by Mark Adler and Jean-Loup Gailly, is used with permission from the free Info-ZIP implementation, developed by zlib ( the MIT License found at available high-quality data compressor, is copyrighted by Julian Seward, © 1996-2005. -- Application server (

http://www.apache.org/), Jakarta Commons (http://jakarta.apache.org/commons/license.html) and log4j, a Java-based library used to parse HTML,

( developed by the Apache Software Foundation. The license is at framework for moving data from XML to Java programming language objects and from Java to databases, is released by the ExoLab Group under an Apache 2.0-style license, available at Foundation that implements the XSLT XML transformation language and the XPath XML query language, is released under the Apache Software License, version 1.1, available at Protocol") used for communications between various PGP products is provided under the Apache license found at

http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.txt. -- mx4j, an open-source implementation of the Java Management Extensions (JMX), is released under

an Apache-style license, available at Independent JPEG Group. ( distributed under the MIT License distributed by University of Cambridge. ©1997-2006. The license agreement is at and Domain Name System (DNS) protocols developed and copyrighted by Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ( implementation of daemon developed by The FreeBSD Project, © 1994-2006. -- Simple Network Management Protocol Library developed and copyrighted by Carnegie Mellon University © 1989, 1991, 1992, Networks Associates Technology, Inc, © 2001- 2003, Cambridge Broadband Ltd. © 2001- 2003, Sun Microsystems, Inc., © 2003, Sparta, Inc, © 2003-2006, Cisco, Inc and Information Network Center of Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, © 2004. The license agreement for these is at by Network Time Protocol and copyrighted to various contributors. -- Lightweight Directory Access Protocol developed and copyrighted by OpenLDAP Foundation. OpenLDAP is an open-source implementation of the Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP). Copyright © 1999-2003, The OpenLDAP Foundation. The license agreement is at OpenBSD project is released by the OpenBSD Project under a BSD-style license, available at

bin/cvsweb/src/usr.bin/ssh/LICENCE?rev=HEAD. -- PC/SC Lite is a free implementation of PC/SC, a specification for SmartCard integration is released

under the BSD license. -- Postfix, an open source mail transfer agent (MTA), is released under the IBM Public License 1.0, available at

http://www.opensource.org/licenses/ibmpl.php. -- PostgreSQL, a free software object-relational database management system, is released under a

BSD-style license, available at PostgreSQL database using standard, database independent Java code, (c) 1997-2005, PostgreSQL Global Development Group, is released under a BSD-style license, available at database management system, is released under a BSD-style license, available at version of cron, a standard UNIX daemon that runs specified programs at scheduled times. Copyright © 1993, 1994 by Paul Vixie; used by permission. -

- JacORB, a Java object used to facilitate communication between processes written in Java and the data layer, is open source licensed under the GNU Library General Public License (LGPL) available at open-source implementation of a CORBA Object Request Broker (ORB), and is used for communication between processes written in C/C++ and the data layer. Copyright (c) 1993-2006 by Douglas C. Schmidt and his research group at Washington University, University of California, Irvine, and Vanderbilt University. The open source software license is available at downloading files via common network services, is open source software provided under a MIT/X derivate license available at

under a BSD-style license, available at libpopt, a library that parses command line options, is released under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License available at

communicate with the Intel Corporation AMT chipset on a motherboard, is distributed under the gSOAP Public License version 1.3b, available at

http://www.zlib.net). -- Libxml2, the XML C parser and toolkit developed for the Gnome project and distributed and copyrighted under

http://jakarta.apache.org/), web server

www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.txt. -- Castor, an open-source, data-binding

http://www.castor.org/license.html. -- Xalan, an open-source software library from the Apache Software

http://xml.apache.org/xalan-j/#license1.1. -- Apache Axis is an implementation of the SOAP ("Simple Object Access

http://mx4j.sourceforge.net/docs/ch01s06.html. -- jpeglib version 6a is based in part on the work of the

http://www.ijg.org/) -- libxslt the XSLT C library developed for the GNOME project and used for XML transformations is

http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.html. -- PCRE Perl regular expression compiler, copyrighted and

http://www.pcre.org/license.txt. -- BIND Balanced Binary Tree Library

http://www.isc.org) -- Free BSD

http://net-snmp.sourceforge.net/about/license.html. -- NTP version 4.2 developed

http://www.openldap.org/software/release/license.html. Secure shell OpenSSH developed by

http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-

http://www.postgresql.org/about/licence. -- PostgreSQL JDBC driver, a free Java program used to connect to a

http://jdbc.postgresql.org/license.html. -- PostgreSQL Regular Expression Library, a free software object-relational

http://www.postgresql.org/about/licence. -- 21.vixie-cron is the Vixie

http://www.cs.wustl.edu/~schmidt/ACE-copying.html. -- libcURL, a library for

http://www.cs.fsu.edu/~engelen/license.html. -- Windows Template Library (WTL) is used for developing user interface components and is distributed

under the Common Public License v1.0 found at automate a variety of maintenance functions and is provided under the Perl Artistic License, found at

http://www.perl.com/pub/a/language/misc/Artistic.html. -- rEFIt - libeg, provides a graphical interface library for EFI, including image rendering, text

rendering, and alpha blending, and is distributed under the license found at

-- Java Radius Client, used to authenticate PGP Universal Web Messenger users via Radius, is distributed under the Lesser General Public License (LGPL) found at Copyright (c) 2009, Yahoo! Inc. All rights reserved. Released under a BSD-style license, available at

JSON-lib version 2.2.1, a Java library used to convert Java objects to JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) objects for AJAX. Distributed under the Apache

2.0 license, available at

http://ezmorph.sourceforge.net/license.html. -- Apache Commons Lang, used by JSON-lib, is distributed under the Apache 2.0 license, available at

http://commons.apache.org/license.html. -- Apache Commons BeanUtils, used by JSON-lib, is distributed under the Apache 2.0 license, available at http://commons.apache.org/license.html. -- SimpleIni is an .ini format file parser and provides the ability to read and write .ini files, a common

configuration file format used on Windows, on other platforms. Distributed under the MIT License found at

data structures and is distributed under the MIT License found at Mike Sharov < the PGP SDK. Distributed under the BSD license found at reserved.

Additional acknowledgements and legal notices are included as part of the PGP Universal Server.

http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl.html. -- Yahoo! User Interface (YUI) library version 2.5.2, a Web UI interface library for AJAX.

http://json-lib.sourceforge.net/license.html. -- EZMorph, used by JSON-lib, is distributed under the Apache 2.0 license, available

msharov@users.sourceforge.net>. -- Protocol Buffers (protobuf), Google's data interchange format, are used to serialize structure data in

http://opensource.org/licenses/cpl1.0.php. -- The Perl Kit provides several independent utilities used to

http://developer.yahoo.com/yui/license.html. --

http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-

Export Information

Export of this software and documentation may be subject to compliance with the rules and regulations promulgated from time to time by the Bureau of Export Administration, United States Department of Commerce, which restricts the export and re-export of certain products and technical data.

Limitations

The software provided with this documentation is licensed to you for your individual use under the terms of the End User License Agreement provided with the software. The information in this document is subject to change without notice. PGP Corporation does not warrant that the information meets your requirements or that the information is free of errors. The information may include technical inaccuracies or typographical errors. Changes may be made to the information and incorporated in new editions of this document, if and when made available by PGP Corporation.

Contents

Introduction

What is PGP Universal Server? 15 PGP Universal Server Product Family 16 Who Should Read This Guide 16 Common Criteria Environments 16 Improvements in this Version of PGP Universal Server 17 Using the PGP Universal Server with the Command Line 18 Symbols 18 Getting Assistance 19

Getting product information 19 Contact Information 20

The Big Picture 21

Important Terms 21

PGP Products 21 PGP Universal Server Concepts 22 PGP Universal Server Features 23 PGP Universal Server User Types 25

Installation Overview 26

Open Ports 33

TCP Ports 33 UDP Ports 35

Naming your PGP Universal Server

Considering a Name for Your PGP Universal Server 37 Methods for Naming a PGP Universal Server 38

Understanding the Administrative Interface 39

System Requirements 39 Logging In 39 The System Overview Page 41 Managing Alerts 42 Logging In For the First Time 43 Administrative Interface Map 43 Icons 45

PGP Universal Server Contents

Licensing Your Software 51

Overview 51 Manual and Automatic Licensing 51 Licensing a PGP Universal Server 51 Licensing the Mail Proxy Feature 52

Operating in Learn Mode 53

Purpose of Learn Mode 53 Checking the Logs 54 Managing Learn Mode 54

Managed Domains

About Managed Domains 57 Adding Managed Domains 58 Deleting Managed Domains 58

Understanding Keys 59

Choosing a Key Mode For Key Management 59

Adding PGP Desktop Solutions to Existing Gateway Email Environments 62

Changing Key Modes 63 How PGP Universal Server Uses Certificate Revocation Lists 64 Key Reconstruction Blocks 64 Managed Key Permissions 65

Managing Organization Keys

About Organization Keys 67 Organization Key 67

Inspecting the Organization Key 68

Regenerating the Organization Key 68

Importing an Organization Key 69 Organization Certificate 70

Inspecting the Organization Certificate 71

Exporting the Organization Certificate 71

Deleting the Organization Certificate 72

Generating the Organization Certificate 72

Importing the Organization Certificate 73 Additional Decryption Key (ADK) 73

Importing the ADK 74

Inspecting the ADK 74

Deleting the ADK 74 Verified Directory Key 75

PGP Universal Server Contents

Importing the Verified Directory Key 75

Inspecting the Verified Directory Key 75

Deleting the Verified Directory Key 76

Administering Managed Keys 77

Viewing Managed Keys 78 Managed Key Information 79

Email Addresses 81

Subkeys 81

Certificates 81

Permissions 82

Attributes 83 Symmetric Key Series 83 Symmetric Keys 85 Custom Data Objects 86 Exporting Consumer Keys 87

Exporting the Managed Key of an Internal User 88

Exporting the Managed Key of an External User 88

Exporting PGP Verified Directory User Keys 89

Exporting the Managed Key of a Managed Device 89 Deleting Consumer Keys 90

Deleting the Managed Key of an Internal User 90

Deleting the Managed Key of an External User 90

Deleting the Key of a PGP Verified Directory User 91

Deleting the Managed Key of a Managed Device 91 Approving Pending Keys 91 Revoking Managed Keys 92

Managing Trusted Keys and Certificates 95

Overview 95

Trusted Keys 95

Trusted Certificates 95 Adding a Trusted Key or Certificate 96 Inspecting and Changing Trusted Key Properties 97 Deleting Trusted Keys and Certificates 97 Searching for Trusted Keys and Certificates 98

Setting Mail Policy 99

Overview 99

How Policy Chains Work 100

Mail Policy and Dictionaries 101

Mail Policy and Key Searches 101

Mail Policy and Cached Keys 102 Migrating Settings from Version 2.0.x 102 Restoring Mail Policy Rules 103

iii

PGP Universal Server Contents

Understanding the Pre-Installed Policy Chains 108 Mail Policy Outside the Mailflow 110 Using the Rule Interface 111

The Conditions Card 111

The Actions Card 113 Building Valid Chains and Rules 114

Using Valid Processing Order 114

Creating Valid Groups 115

Creating a Valid Rule 116 Managing Policy Chains 117

Mail Policy Best Practices 117

Restoring Mail Policy to Default Settings 117

Editing Policy Chain Settings 118

Adding Policy Chains 118

Deleting Policy Chains 119

Exporting Policy Chains 120

Printing Policy Chains 120 Managing Rules 121

Adding Rules to Policy Chains 121

Deleting Rules from Policy Chains 121

Enabling and Disabling Rules 122

Changing the Processing Order of the Rules 122 Adding Key Searches 122 Choosing Condition Statements, Conditions, and Actions 123

Condition Statements 123

Conditions 124

Actions 131 Working with Common Access Cards 144

Applying Key Not Found Settings to External Users 145

Overview 145

Bounce the Message 146

PDF Messenger 146

Certified Delivery with PDF Messenger 147

Send Unencrypted 147

Smart Trailer 148

PGP Universal Web Messenger 149 Changing Policy Settings 150 Changing User Delivery Method Preference 151

Using Dictionaries with Policy 153

Overview 153 Default Dictionaries 154

Editing Default Dictionaries 156 User-Defined Dictionaries 157

Adding a User-Defined Dictionary 157

PGP Universal Server Contents

Editing a User-Defined Dictionary 158

Deleting a Dictionary 158 Exporting a Dictionary 159 Searching the Dictionaries 159

Keyservers, SMTP Archive Servers, and Mail Policy 161

Overview 161 Keyservers 161

Adding or Editing a Keyserver 162

Deleting a Keyserver 164 SMTP Servers 164

Adding or Editing an Archive Server 164

Deleting an Archive Server 165

Managing Keys in the Key Cache 167

Overview 167 Changing Cached Key Timeout 167

Purging Keys from the Cache 168

Trusting Cached Keys 168

Viewing Cached Keys 168 Searching the Key Cache 169

Configuring Mail Proxies 171

Overview 171 PGP Universal Server and Mail Proxies 171

Mail Proxies in an Internal Placement 172

Mail Proxies in a Gateway Placement 173 Changes in Proxy Settings from PGP Universal Server 2.0 to 2.5 and later 175 Mail Proxies Page 175 Creating New or Editing Existing Proxies 176

Creating or Editing a POP/IMAP Proxy 176

Creating or Editing an Outbound SMTP Proxy 178

Creating or Editing an Inbound SMTP Proxy 180

Creating or Editing a Unified SMTP Proxy 182

Email in the Mail Queue 187

Overview 187 Deleting Messages from the Mail Queue 188

Specifying Mail Routes 189

Overview 189 Managing Mail Routes 190

PGP Universal Server Contents

Adding a Mail Route 190

Editing a Mail Route 191

Deleting a Mail Route 191

Customizing System Message Templates 193

Overview 193

Templates and Message Size 194

PDF Messenger Templates 194

Templates for New PGP Universal Web Messenger Users 194 Editing a Message Template 195

Managing Groups 197

Understanding Groups 197

Sorting Consumers into Groups 197

Everyone Group 198

Excluded Group 198 Policy Group Order 199

Migrating Groups from Version 2.x 199

Setting Policy Group Order 199 Creating a New Group 199 Deleting a Group 200 Viewing Group Members 200 Manually Adding Group Members 201 Manually Removing Members from a Group 201 Group Permissions 202

Adding Group Permissions 203

Deleting Group Permissions 203 Setting Group Membership 204 Searching Groups 205 Creating Group Client Installations 205

How Group Policy is Assigned to PGP Desktop Installers 206

Creating PGP Desktop Installers 207

Managing Devices 211

Managed Devices 212

Adding and Deleting Managed Devices 212

Adding Managed Devices to Groups 213

Managed Device Information 214 Deleting Managed Devices from PGP Universal Server 218 Deleting Managed Devices from Groups 219 WDE Devices (Computers and Disks) 220

WDE Computers 220

WDE Disks 222 Searching for Devices 223

PGP Universal Server Contents

Administering Consumer Policy 225

Understanding Consumer Policy 225 Making Sure Users Create Strong Passphrases 226

Understanding Entropy 226 Using the Windows Preinstallation Environment 227 X.509 Certificate Management in Lotus Notes Environments 227

Trusting Certificates Created by PGP Universal Server 228

Setting the Lotus Notes Key Settings in PGP Universal Server 230

Technical Deployment Information 231 Offline Policy 231 Using a Policy ADK 233 Out of Mail Stream Support 233 Enrolling Users through Silent Enrollment 235

Silent Enrollment with Windows 235

Silent Enrollment with Mac OS X 235 PGP Whole Disk Encryption Administration 235

PGP Whole Disk Encryption on Mac OS X with FileVault 236

How Does Single Sign-On Work? 236

Enabling Single Sign-On 237

Managing Clients Remotely Using a PGP WDE Administrator Active Directory Group 238

Managing Clients Locally Using the PGP WDE Administrator Key 239 Managing Consumer Policies 240

Adding a Consumer Policy 241

Editing a Consumer Policy 241

Deleting a Consumer Policy 242

Setting Policy for Clients 243

Client and PGP Universal Server Version Compatibility 243

Serving PGP Admin 8 Preferences 244 Establishing PGP Desktop Settings for Your PGP Desktop Clients 245

PGP Desktop Feature License Settings 245

Controlling PGP Desktop Components 246 PGP Portable 248 PGP Mobile 248 PGP NetShare 249

How the PGP NetShare Policy Settings Work Together 249

Multi-user environments and managing PGP NetShare 249

Backing Up PGP NetShare-Protected Files 250

Using Directory Synchronization to Manage Consumers

How PGP Universal Server Uses Directory Synchronization 251

Base DN and Bind DN 253

Consumer Matching Rules 254 Understanding User Enrollment Methods 254

vii

251

PGP Universal Server Contents

Before Creating a Client Installer 255

Email Enrollment 256

Directory Enrollment 257 Enabling Directory Synchronization 260 Adding or Editing an LDAP Directory 260

The LDAP Servers Tab 261

The Base Distinguished Name Tab 262

The Consumer Matching Rules Tab 262

Testing the LDAP Connection 263

Using Sample Records to Configure LDAP Settings 263 Deleting an LDAP Directory 263 Setting LDAP Directory Order 264 Directory Synchronization Settings 264

Managing User Accounts

Understanding User Account Types 267 Viewing User Accounts 267 User Management Tasks 267

Setting User Authentication 268

Editing User Attributes 268

Adding Users to Groups 268

Editing User Permissions 269

Deleting Users 269

Searching for Users 270

Viewing User Log Entries 270

Changing Display Names and Usernames 270

Exporting a User’s X.509 Certificate 271

Revoking a User's X.509 Certificate 272

Managing User Keys 272 Managing Internal User Accounts 273

Importing Internal User Keys Manually 273

Creating New Internal User Accounts 274

Exporting PGP Whole Disk Encryption Login Failure Data 274

Internal User Settings 275 Managing External User Accounts 279

Importing External Users 280

Exporting Delivery Receipts 280

External User Settings 281 Managing Verified Directory User Accounts 283

Importing Verified Directory Users 284

PGP Verified Directory User Settings 284

267

Recovering Encrypted Data in an Enterprise Environment

Using Key Reconstruction 287 Recovering Encryption Key Material without Key Reconstruction 288

Encryption Key Recovery of CKM Keys 288

viii

287

PGP Universal Server Contents

Encryption Key Recovery of GKM Keys 288

Encryption Key Recovery of SCKM Keys 289

Encryption Key Recovery of SKM Keys 290 Using an Additional Decryption Key for Data Recovery 290

PGP Universal Satellite 293

Overview 293 Technical Information 294 Distributing the PGP Universal Satellite Software 294 Configuration 295

Deployment Mode 295

Key Mode 295

PGP Universal Satellite Configurations 296

Switching Key Modes 300 Binding 300

Pre-Binding 301

Manual Binding 302 Policy and Key or Certificate Retrieval 303

Retrieving Lost Policies 304

Retrieving Lost Keys or Certificates 305

PGP Universal Satellite for Mac OS X 309

Overview 309 System Requirements 309 Obtaining the Installer 310 Installation 310 Updates 311 Files 311

PGP Universal Satellite for Windows

Overview 313 System Requirements 314 Obtaining the Installer 314 Installation 315 Updates 316 Files 316 MAPI Support 316

External MAPI Configuration 316

Internal MAPI Configuration 317

Using MAPI 318 Lotus Notes Support 319

External Lotus Notes Configuration 319

Internal Lotus Notes Configuration 320

Using Lotus Notes 321

Notes IDs 321

313

PGP Universal Server Contents

Configuring PGP Universal Web Messenger 323

Overview 323

PGP Universal Web Messenger and Clustering 324

External Authentication 325 Customizing PGP Universal Web Messenger 326

Adding a New Template 327

Troubleshooting Customization 331

Changing the Active Template 334

Deleting a Template 334

Editing a Template 334

Downloading Template Files 335

Restoring to Factory Defaults 335 Configuring the PGP Universal Web Messenger Service 335

Starting and Stopping PGP Universal Web Messenger 336

Selecting the PGP Universal Web Messenger Network Interface 336

Setting Up External Authentication 338

Creating Settings for PGP Universal Web Messenger User Accounts 339

Setting Message Replication in a Cluster 340

Configuring the Integrated Keyserver 341

Overview 341 Starting and Stopping the Keyserver Service 341 Configuring the Keyserver Service 342

Configuring the PGP Verified Directory 345

Overview 345 Starting and Stopping the PGP Verified Directory 346 Configuring the PGP Verified Directory 346

Managing the Certificate Revocation List Service

Overview 349 Starting and Stopping the CRL Service 349 Editing CRL Service Settings 350

349

Configuring Universal Services Protocol 351

Starting and Stopping USP 351 Adding USP Interfaces 351

PGP Universal Server Contents

System Graphs 353

Overview 353 CPU Usage 353 Message Activity 354 Whole Disk Encryption 354 Recipient Statistics 355 Recipient Domain Statistics 355

System Logs 357

Overview 357 Filtering the Log View 358 Searching the Log Files 359 Exporting a Log File 359 Enabling External Logging 360

Configuring SNMP Monitoring 361

Overview 361 Starting and Stopping SNMP Monitoring 362 Configuring the SNMP Service 362 Downloading the Custom MIB File 363

Shutting Down and Restarting Services and Power 365

Overview 365 Server Information 365

Setting the Time 365

Updating Software 366

Licensing a PGP Universal Server 366

Downloading the Release Notes 367 Shutting Down and Restarting the PGP Universal Server Software Services 367 Shutting Down and Restarting the PGP Universal Server Hardware 367

Managing Administrator Accounts 369

Overview 369

Administrator Roles 370

Administrator Authentication 370 Creating a New Administrator 371 Importing SSH v2 Keys 372 Deleting Administrators 372 Inspecting and Changing the Settings of an Administrator 373 Configuring RSA SecurID Authentication 374 Resetting SecurID PINs 375

PGP Universal Server Contents

Daily Status Email 376

Protecting PGP Universal Server with Ignition Keys 377

Overview 377

Ignition Keys and Clustering 378 Preparing Hardware Tokens to be Ignition Keys 379 Configuring a Hardware Token Ignition Key 380 Configuring a Soft-Ignition Passphrase Ignition Key 381 Deleting Ignition Keys 381

Backing Up and Restoring System and User Data 383

Overview 383 Creating Backups 383

Scheduling Backups 384

Performing On-Demand Backups 384 Configuring the Backup Location 384 Restoring From a Backup 385

Restoring On-Demand 386

Restoring Configuration 386

Restoring from a Different Version 387

Updating PGP Universal Server Software 389

Overview 389 Inspecting Update Packages 390 Establishing Software Update Settings 390 Checking for New Updates 391 Uploading Update Packages 391 Manually Installing an Update 391

Setting Network Interfaces

Understanding the Network Settings 393 Connecting to a Proxy Server 394 Changing Interface Settings 394 Adding Interface Settings 395 Deleting Interface Settings 395 Editing Global Network Settings 395 Assigning a Certificate 396 Working with Certificates 396

Importing an Existing Certificate 397

Generating a Certificate Request 397

Adding a Pending Certificate 398

Inspecting a Certificate 399

Exporting a Certificate 399

Deleting a Certificate 399

393

xii

PGP Universal Server Contents

Clustering your PGP Universal Servers 401

Overview 401 Clustering and PGP Universal Web Messenger 402 Cluster Status 403 Creating a Cluster 404 Deleting Cluster Members 406 Managing Settings for Cluster Members 406 Changing Network Settings in Clusters 408

Index 409

xiii

Introduction

This Administrator’s Guide describes both the PGP Universal Server ™ and client software. It tells you how to get them up and running on your network, how to configure them, and how to maintain them. This section provides a high-level overview of PGP Universal Server.

What is PGP Universal Server?

PGP Universal Server is a single console for managing the applications that provide email, disk, and network file encryption.

PGP Universal Server with PGP Universal Gateway Email gives you secure messaging: it transparently protects your enterprise messages with little or no user interaction.

The PGP Universal Server also replaces the PGP Keyserver product with a builtin keyserver, and the PGP Admin product with PGP Desktop configuration and deployment capabilities.

PGP Universal Server automatically creates and maintains a Self-Managing Security Architecture (SMSA) by monitoring authenticated users and their email traffic. You can also send protected messages to addresses that are not part of the SMSA. The PGP Universal Server encrypts, decrypts, signs, and verifies messages automatically, providing strong security through policies you control.

PGP Universal Satellite, a client-side feature of PGP Universal Server, extends PGP security for email messages all the way to the computer of the email user, it allows external users to become part of the SMSA, and it gives end users the option to create and manage their keys on their own computer (if allowed by the PGP administrator).

PGP Desktop, a client product, is created and managed through PGP Universal Server policy. It creates PGP keypairs and can manage user keypairs as well as store the public keys of others. It encrypts user email and instant messaging (IM). It can encrypt entire or partial hard drives. It also enables secure file sharing with others over a network.

PGP Universal Server Introduction

PGP Universal Server Product Family

PGP Universal Server functions as a management console for a variety of encryption solutions. You can purchase any of the PGP Desktop applications or bundles and use PGP Universal Server to create and manage client installations. You can also purchase a license that enables PGP Gateway Email to encrypt email in the mailstream.

The PGP Universal Server can manage any combination of PGP encryption applications. PGP encryption applications are:

 PGP Universal Gateway Email provides automatic email encryption in the

gateway, based on centralized mail policy. This product requires administration by the PGP Universal Server.

 PGP Desktop Email provides encryption at the desktop for mail, files, and

AOL Instant Messenger traffic. This product can be managed by the PGP Universal Server.

 PGP Whole Disk Encryption provides encryption at the desktop for an

entire disk. This product can be managed by the PGP Universal Server.

 PGP NetShare provides transparent file encryption and sharing among

desktops. This product can be managed by the PGP Universal Server.

Who Should Read This Guide

This Administrator’s Guide is for the person or persons who implement and maintain your organization’s PGP Universal Server environment. These are the PGP Universal Server administrators.

This guide is also intended for anyone else who wants to learn about how PGP Universal Server works.

Common Criteria Environments

To be Common Criteria compliant, please refer to the best practices shown in PGP Universal Server 2.9 Common Criteria Supplemental. Note that these best practices supersede recommendations made elsewhere in this and other documentation.

PGP Universal Server Introduction

Improvements in this Version of PGP Universal Server

This release of PGP Universal Server introduces the following new and improved features:

General

 Client policy management changes: Internal users, external users, PGP

Verified Directory users, and devices are now called consumers. Consumers are sorted into groups manually, by user type, or by matching consumer attributes to domains, dictionary entries or through LDAP values. Group membership determines which policy consumers receive.

 Expanded directory synchronization: The integrated directory

synchronization feature now connects to multiple LDAP directories. Previous versions of PGP Universal Server could only connect to one corporate directory at a time.

 Managed PGP Mobile: PGP Universal Server now manages client policy

for PGP Mobile installations.

 Operating system change: The new CentOS operating system improves

scalability and reliability, and supports a wider variety of hardware.

 RSA SecurID support for administrator authentication: PGP Universal

Server now supports two-factor authentication using RSA SecurID. This meets strong authentication requirements for environments with higher security needs, and is compatible with existing RSA SecurID deployments.

PGP Keys

 Key Management Server (KMS): The new key management feature

provides new and expanded key management capabilities for PGP products. Key policy changes are now immediately enforced. KMS allows management of asymmetric and symmetric keys. The API and SDK provide key management functionality to non-PGP applications.

 Server Key Mode offline use: The client can now store the SKM private

key, encrypted to a random passphrase, so users can read email offline.

PGP Messaging

 ADK archival output: Administrators can archive end-to-end encrypted

email messages by decrypting the messages on PGP Universal Server using the ADK, and sending the decrypted messages to an archive server. Encrypted email messages are then searchable, making possible compliance with regulatory mandates and requirements for message retention, mail server data management, and legal discovery support.

PGP Universal Server Introduction

 Recursive encoding: Provides an additional layer of protection to email

messages that have been partially protected and to email messages that have been signed. Supports an additional layer of encoding if the initial layer is not complete.

Clustering

 New clustering functionality: Cluster members now interact with each

other as peers, replacing the previous Primary/Secondaries model. Every server in a cluster can serve all types of requests, and any server can initiate persistent changes. The new cluster model also permits up to 20 nodes in a cluster.

Using the PGP Universal Server with the Command Line

Using the PGP Universal Server command line for read-only access (such as to view settings, services, logs, processes, disk space, query the database, etc) is supported. However, performing configuration modifications via the command line voids your PGP Support agreement unless these procedures are followed. Any changes made to the PGP Universal Server via the command line must be:

Symbols

 Authorized in writing by PGP Support.

 Implemented by a PGP Partner, reseller or internal employee who is

certified in the PGP Advanced Administration and Deployment Training.

 Summarized and documented in a text file in /etc/pso on the PGP Universal

Server itself.

Changes made through the command line might not persist through reboots and might be incompatible with future releases. PGP Support can require reverting any custom configurations on the PGP Universal Server back to a default state when troubleshooting new issues.

Notes, Cautions, and Warnings are used in the following ways.

Note: Notes are extra, but important, information. A Note calls your attention

to important aspects of the product. You can use the product better if you read the Notes.

Caution: Cautions indicate the possibility of loss of data or a minor security

breach. A Caution tells you about a situation where problems can occur unless precautions are taken. Pay attention to Cautions.

PGP Universal Server Introduction

Warning: Warnings indicate the possibility of significant data loss or a major

security breach. A Warning means serious problems will occur unless you take the appropriate action. Please take Warnings very seriously.

Getting Assistance

For additional resources, see these sections.

Getting product information

The following documents and online help are companions to the PGP Universal Server Administrator’s Guide. This guide occasionally refers to information that

can be found in one or more of these sources:

 Online help is installed and is available within the PGP Universal Server

product.

 PGP Universal Server Installation Guide—Describes how to install the

PGP Universal Server software.

 PGP Universal Server Upgrade Guide—Describes the process of

upgrading your PGP Universal Server.

 PGP Universal Mail Policy Diagram—Provides a graphical representation

of how email is processed through mail policy. You can access this document via the PGP Universal Server online help.

 Tutorials—Provides animated introductions on how to manage the mail

policy feature in PGP Universal Server 2.5 and later, and how upgraded PGP Universal Server settings migrate into the new mail policy feature.

You can also access all the documentation and tutorials by clicking the online help icon in the upper-right corner of the PGP Universal Server screen.

 PGP Universal Satellite for Windows and Mac OS X include online help.

 PGP Universal Server and PGP Satellite release notes are also provided,

which may have last-minute information not found in the product documentation.

Once PGP Universal Server is released, additional information regarding the product is added to the online Knowledge Base available on PGP Corporation’s Support Portal (

https://support.pgp.com).

PGP Universal Server Introduction

Contact Information

Contacting Technical Support

 To learn about PGP support options and how to contact PGP Technical

Support, please visit the PGP Corporation Support Home Page (

https://support.pgp.com).

 To access the PGP Support Knowledge Base or request PGP Technical

Support, please visit PGP Support Portal Web Site (

https://support.pgp.com). Note that you may access portions of the PGP

Support Knowledge Base without a support agreement; however, you must have a valid support agreement to request Technical Support.

 To access the PGP Support forums, please visit PGP Support

(

http://forum.pgp.com). These are user community support forums hosted

by PGP Corporation.

Contacting Customer Service

 For help with orders, downloads, and licensing, please visit PGP

Corporation Customer Service (

https://pgp.custhelp.com/app/cshome).

Contacting Other Departments

 For any other contacts at PGP Corporation, please visit the PGP Contacts

Page (

http://www.pgp.com/about_pgp_corporation/contact/index.html).

 For general information about PGP Corporation, please visit the PGP Web

Site (

http://www.pgp.com).

The Big Picture

This chapter describes some important terms and concepts and gives you a high-level overview of the things you need to do to set up and maintain your PGP Universal Server environment.

Important Terms

The following sections define important terms you will encounter throughout the PGP Universal Server and this documentation.

PGP Products

 PGP Universal Server: A device you add to your network that provides

secure messaging with little or no user interaction. The PGP Universal Server automatically creates and maintains a security architecture by monitoring authenticated users and their email traffic. You can also send protected messages to addresses that are not part of the security architecture.

 PGP Global Directory: A free, public keyserver hosted by PGP Corporation.

The PGP Global Directory provides quick and easy access to the universe of PGP keys. It uses next-generation keyserver technology that queries the email address on a key (to verify that the owner of the email address wants their key posted) and lets users manage their own keys. Using the PGP Global Directory significantly enhances your chances of finding a valid public key of someone to whom you want to send secured messages.

 PGP Universal Satellite: The PGP Universal Satellite software resides on

the computer of the email user. It allows email to be encrypted end to end, all the way to and from the desktop (for both internal and external users). Using PGP Universal Satellite is one of the ways for external users to participate in the SMSA. It also allows users the option of controlling their keys on their local computers (if allowed by the administrator).

 PGP Desktop: A client software tool that uses cryptography to protect your

data against unauthorized access. PGP Desktop is available for Mac OS X and Windows.

 PGP Whole Disk Encryption: Whole Disk Encryption is a feature of PGP

Desktop that encrypts your entire hard drive or partition (on Windows systems), including your boot record, thus protecting all your files when you are not using them.

PGP Universal Server The Big Picture

 PGP NetShare: A feature of PGP Desktop for Windows with which you can

securely and transparently share files and folders among selected individuals. PGP NetShare users can protect their files and folders simply by placing them within a folder that is designated as protected.

 PGP Virtual Disk: PGP Virtual Disk volumes are a feature of PGP Desktop

that let you use part of your hard drive space as an encrypted virtual disk. You can protect a PGP Virtual Disk volume with a key or a passphrase. You can also create additional users for a volume, so that people you authorize can also access the volume.

 PGP Zip: A feature of PGP Desktop that lets you put any combination of

files and folders into a single encrypted, compressed package for convenient transport or backup. You can encrypt a PGP Zip archive to a PGP key or to a passphrase.

 PGP Universal Web Messenger: The PGP Universal Web Messenger

service allows an external user to securely read a message from an internal user before the external user has a relationship with the SMSA. If PGP Universal Web Messenger is available via mail policy for a user and the recipient’s key cannot be found, the message is stored on the PGP Universal Server and an unprotected message is sent to the recipient. The unprotected message includes a link to the original message, held on the PGP Universal Server. The recipient must create a passphrase, and then can access his encrypted messages stored on PGP Universal Server.

 PDF Messenger: PDF Messenger enables sending encrypted PDF

messages to external users who do not have a relationship with the SMSA. In the normal mode, as with PGP Universal Web Messenger, the user receives a message with a link to the encrypted message location and uses a PGP Universal Web Messenger passphrase to access the message. PDF Messenger also provides Certified Delivery, which encrypts the message to a one-time passphrase, and creates and logs a delivery receipt when the user retrieves the passphrase.

PGP Universal Server Concepts

 keys.<domain> convention: PGP Universal Server automatically looks for

valid public keys for email recipients at a special hostname, if no valid public key is found locally to secure a message. This hostname is keys.<domain> (where <domain> is the email domain of the recipient). For example, Example Corporation’s externally visible PGP Universal Server is named keys.example.com.

PGP Corporation strongly recommends you name your externally visible PGP Universal Server according to this convention because it allows other PGP Universal Servers to easily find valid public keys for email recipients in your domain.

For more information, see Naming your PGP Universal Server (on page

37).

PGP Universal Server The Big Picture

 Security Architecture: Behind the scenes, the PGP Universal Server

creates and manages its own security architecture for the users whose email domain it is securing. Because the security architecture is created and managed automatically, we call this a self-managing security architecture (SMSA).

PGP Universal Server Features

 Administrative Interface: Each PGP Universal Server is controlled via a

Web-based administrative interface. The administrative interface gives you control over PGP Universal Server. While many settings are initially established using the web-based Setup Assistant, all settings of a PGP Universal Server can be controlled via the administrative interface.

 Backup and Restore: Because full backups of the data stored on your PGP

Universal Server are critical in a natural disaster or other unanticipated loss of data or hardware, you can schedule automatic backups of your PGP Universal Server data or manually perform a backup.

You can fully restore a PGP Universal Server from a backup. In the event of a minor problem, you can restore the PGP Universal Server to any saved backup. In the event that a PGP Universal Server is no longer usable, you can restore its data from a backup onto a new PGP Universal Server during initial setup of the new PGP Universal Server using the Setup Assistant. All backups are encrypted to the Organization Key and can be stored securely off the PGP Universal Server.

 Cluster: When you have two or more PGP Universal Servers in your

network, you configure them to synchronize with each other; this is called a “cluster.”

 Dictionary: Dictionaries are lists of terms to be matched. The dictionaries

work with mail policy to allow you to define content lists that can trigger rules.

 Directory Synchronization: If you have LDAP directories in your

organization, your PGP Universal Server can be synchronized with the directories. The PGP Universal Server automatically imports user information from the directories when users send and receive email; it also creates internal user accounts for them, including adding and using X.509 certificates if they are contained in the LDAP directories.

 Ignition Keys: You can protect the contents of a PGP Universal Server,

even if the hardware is stolen, by requiring the use of a hardware token or a software passphrase, or both, on start.

 Keyserver: Each PGP Universal Server includes an integrated keyserver

populated with the public keys of your internal users. When an external user sends a message to an internal user, the external PGP Universal Server goes to the keyserver to find the public key of the recipient to use to secure the message. The PGP Universal Server administrator can enable or disable the service, and control access to it via the administrative interface.

PGP Universal Server The Big Picture

 Learn Mode: When you finish configuring a PGP Universal Server using the

Setup Assistant, it begins in Learn Mode, where the PGP Universal Server sends messages through mail policy without taking any action on the messages, and does not encrypt or sign any messages.

Learn Mode gives the PGP Universal Server a chance to build its SMSA (creating keys for authenticated users, for example) so that when when Learn Mode is turned off, the PGP Universal Server can immediately begin securing messages. It is also an excellent way for administrators to learn about the product.

You should check the logs of the PGP Universal Server while it is in Learn Mode to see what it would be doing to email traffic if it were live on your network. You can make changes to the PGP Universal Server’s policies while it is in Learn Mode until things are working as expected.

 Mail Policy: The PGP Universal Server processes email messages based

on the policies you establish. Mail policy applies to inbound and outbound email for both PGP Universal Server traffic and email processed by PGP client software. Mail policy consists of multiple policy chains, comprised of sequential mail processing rules.

 Organization Certificate: You must create or obtain an Organization

Certificate to enable S/MIME support by PGP Universal Server. The Organization Certificate signs all X.509 certificates the server creates.

 Organization Key: The Setup Assistant automatically creates an

Organization Key (actually a keypair) when it configures a PGP Universal Server. The Organization Key is used to sign all PGP keys the PGP Universal Server creates and to encrypt PGP Universal Server backups.

Caution: It is extremely important to back up your Organization Key: all

keys the PGP Universal Server creates are signed by the Organization Key, and all backups are encrypted to the Organization Key. If you lose your Organization Key and have not backed it up, the signatures on those keys are meaningless and you cannot restore from backups encrypted to the Organization Key.

 PGP Verified Directory: The PGP Verified Directory supplements the

internal keyserver by letting internal and external users manage the publishing of their own public keys. The PGP Verified Directory also serves as a replacement for the PGP Keyserver product. The PGP Verified Directory uses next-generation keyserver technology to ensure that the keys in the directory can be trusted.

 Server Placement: A PGP Universal Server can be placed in one of two

locations in your network to process email.

With an internal placement, the PGP Universal Server logically sits between your email users and your mail server. It encrypts and signs outgoing SMTP email and decrypts and verifies incoming mail being picked up by email clients using POP or IMAP. Email stored on your mail server is stored secured (encrypted).

PGP Universal Server The Big Picture

With a gateway placement, the PGP Universal Server logically sits between your mail server and the Internet. It encrypts and signs outgoing SMTP email and decrypts and verifies incoming SMTP email. Email stored on your mail server is stored unsecured.

For more information, see Configuring Mail Proxies (on page PGP Universal Server Installation Guide.

 Setup Assistant: When you attempt to log in for the first time to the

administrative interface of a PGP Universal Server, the Setup Assistant takes you through the configuration of that PGP Universal Server.

PGP Universal Server User Types

 Administrators: Any user who manages the PGP Universal Server and its

security configuration from inside the internal network.

Only administrators are allowed to access the administrative interface that controls PGP Universal Server. A PGP Universal Server supports multiple administrators, each of which can be assigned a different authority: from read-only access to full control over every feature and function.

 Consumers: Internal, external, and Verified Directory users, and devices.

 External Users: External users are email users from other domains

(domains not being managed by your PGP Universal Server) who have been added to the SMSA.

 Internal Users: Internal users are email users from the domains being

managed by your PGP Universal Server.

171) and the

PGP Universal Server allows you to manage PGP Desktop deployments to your internal users. The administrator can control which PGP Desktop features are automatically implemented at install, and establish and update mail security policy for PGP Desktop users that those users cannot override (except on the side of being more secure).

 PGP Verified Directory Users: Internal and external users who have

submitted their public keys to the PGP Verified Directory, a Webaccessible keyserver.

 Devices: Managed devices, WDE computers, and WDE disks.

Managed devices are arbitrary objects whose keys are managed by PGP Universal Server. WDE computers, and WDE disks are devices that are detected when users enroll.

 Other Email Users: Users within your organization can securely send email

to recipients outside the SMSA.

First, the PGP Universal Server attempts to find a key for the recipient. If that fails, there are four fallback options, all controlled by mail policy: bounce the message back to the sender (so it is not sent unencrypted), send unencrypted, Smart Trailer, and PGP Universal Web Messenger mail.

PGP Universal Server The Big Picture

Smart Trailer sends the message unencrypted and adds text giving the recipient the option of joining the SMSA by installing PGP Universal Satellite, using an existing key or certificate, or using PGP Universal Web Messenger. PGP Universal Web Messenger lets the recipient securely read the message on a secure website; it also gives the recipient options for handling subsequent messages from the same domain: read the messages on a secure website using a passphrase they establish, install PGP Universal Satellite, or add an existing key or certificate to the SMSA.

Installation Overview

The following steps are a broad overview of what it takes to plan, set up, and maintain your PGP Universal Server environment.

Most of the steps described here are described in detail in later chapters. Steps 1 and 4 are described in the PGP Universal Server Installation Guide. Note that these steps apply to the installation of a new, stand-alone PGP Universal Server.

If you plan to install a cluster, you must install and configure one PGP Universal Server following the steps outlined here. Subsequent cluster members will get most of their configuration settings from the initial server by replication.

The steps to install and configure a PGP Universal Server are as follows:

1 Plan where in your network you want to locate your PGP Universal

Server(s).

Where you put PGP Universal Servers in your network, how many PGP Universal Servers you have in your network, and other factors all have a major impact on how you add them to your existing network.

Create a diagram of your network that includes all network components and shows how email flows; this diagram details how adding a PGP Universal Server impacts your network.

For more information on planning how to add PGP Universal Servers to your existing network, see Adding the PGP Universal Server to Your Network in the PGP Universal Server Installation Guide.

2 Perform necessary DNS changes.

Add IP addresses for your PGP Universal Servers, an alias to your keyserver, update the MX record if necessary, add keys.<domain>, hostnames of potential Secondary servers for a cluster, and so on.

Properly configured DNS settings (including root servers and appropriate reverse lookup records) are required to support PGP Universal Server. Make sure both host and pointer records are correct. IP addresses must be resolvable to hostnames, as well as hostnames resolvable to IP addresses.

3 Prepare a hardware token Ignition Key.

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