Panasonic KX-TG1840NZ User Manual

Operating Instructions

Digital Cordless Answering System

Model No. KX-TG1840NZ

This unit is Caller ID compatible. To display the caller’s phone number, you must subscribe to Caller ID service.

Charge the batteries for about 7 hours before initial use.

Please read these operating instructions before using the unit and save them for future reference.

Introduction

Thank you for purchasing a new Panasonic digital cordless phone.

For your future reference

Attach or keep original receipt to assist with any repair under warranty.

Serial No. (found on the bottom of the base unit)

Date of purchase

Name and address of dealer

Note:

L In the event of problems, you should contact your equipment supplier in the first instance.

Feature highlights

Phonebooks

This unit provides the handset phonebook (200 names and phone numbers; page 18) and the shared phonebook (20 names and phone numbers; page 21). These phonebooks allow you to make calls without having to dial manually. For handset phonebook, you can assign each handset phonebook entry to the desired category, and search for handset phonebook entries by name or category.

Handset phonebook category

If you subscribe to Caller ID service, handset phonebook categories (page

Tom

18) can help you identify who is calling by using different ringtones for different categories of callers (page 35).

Audible call for shared phonebook

Tom

Audible call allows you to know who is calling without looking at the display. If you record an audible call announcement for a shared phonebook entry (page 21), the audible call recording will be announced when you receive a call from that person. Audible call is available only after subscribing to Caller ID service (page

35).

Feature highlights

Night mode

Night mode allows you to select a block of time during which the handset/base unit will not ring, useful if you do not want to be disturbed, for example, while sleeping. Night mode can be set independently for the handset (page 26) and base unit (page 31).

Digital answering system

Digital answering system allows the unit to answer and record calls for you when you are unavailable to answer the phone (page 38).

Polyphonic ringtones

You can change the ringtone heard when the unit rings for calls. For handset, you can choose from 5 ringtones and 10 melody tones for outside calls and intercom calls (page 25). For base unit, you can choose from 6 ringtones for outside calls (page 17).

Table of Contents

Preparation

Accessory information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5

Important information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6

Controls and displays. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7

Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9

Battery installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10

Battery charge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10

Battery replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11

Turning the power on/off. . . . . . . . . . . . .11

Setting the date and time . . . . . . . . . . . .11

Making/Answering Calls

Making calls using the handset . . . . . . .13

Making calls using the base unit . . . . . .15

Answering calls using the handset . . . . .17

Answering calls using the base unit . . . .17

Phonebooks

Handset phonebook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18

Shared phonebook. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21

Copying phonebook entries . . . . . . . . . .23

Handset Settings

Guide to handset settings. . . . . . . . . . . .24

Time settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25

Ringer setup. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25

Night mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26

Display setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27

Call options. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28

Other options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28

Answering System Features

Answering system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38

Turning the answering system on/off . . .38

Greeting message . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38

Listening to messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Recording a voice memo using the handset 41 Direct command operation using the

handset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

Remote operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42

Guide to answering system settings . . . 43

Multi-unit Operation

Operating additional units . . . . . . . . . . .46

Registering a handset to a base unit . . .46

Intercom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48

Transferring calls, conference calls . . . . 49

Useful Information

Wall mounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

Available character entries. . . . . . . . . . . 52

Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

Index

Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

Base Unit Settings

Guide to base unit settings. . . . . . . . . . .30

Ringer setup. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31

Call options. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32

Other options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34

Caller ID Service

Using Caller ID service . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35

Caller list. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36

Call minder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37

Accessory information

Included accessories

Preparation

AC adaptor PQLV19AL

Handset cover Operating instructions Quick guide

Telephone line cord Rechargeable batteries

(AAA size) HHR-4EPT

Additional/replacement accessories

Model No. Description

HHR-4EPT 2 rechargeable nickel metal hydride (Ni-MH) batteries KX-TCA121AZ Additional Digital Cordless Handset KX-A272 DECT repeater

General Warning:

The grant of a Telepermit for any item of terminal equipment indicates only that Telecom has accepted that the item complies with minimum conditions for connection to its network. It indicates no endorsement of the product by Telecom, nor does it provide any sort of warranty. Above all, it provides no assurance that any item will work correctly in all respects with another item of Telepermitted equipment of a different make or model, nor does it imply that any product is compatible with all of Telecom’s network services.

Important Notice:

Under power failure conditions, this telephone may not operate. Please ensure that a separate telephone, not dependent on local power, is available for emergency use.

Preparation

Important information

General

L Use only the AC adaptor included with this

product, noted on page 5.

L Do not connect the AC adaptor to any AC

outlet other than a standard 220–240 V AC outlet.

L This product is unable to make calls when:

– The portable handset battery(ies) need

recharging or have failed. – There is a power failure. – The key lock feature is turned on. – The call bar feature is turned on (only

phone numbers stored in the unit as

emergency numbers can be called).

L Do not open the base unit or handset

other than to replace the battery(ies).

L This product should not be used near

emergency/intensive care medical equipment and should not be used by people with pacemakers.

L Care should be taken that objects do not

fall onto, and liquids are not spilled into, the unit. Do not subject this product to excessive smoke, dust, mechanical vibration or shock.

Environment

L Do not use this product near water. L This product should be kept away from

heat sources such as radiators, cookers, etc. It should also not be placed in rooms where the temperature is less than 5 °C or greater than 40 °C.

L The AC adaptor is used as the main

disconnect device. Ensure that the AC outlet is installed near the unit and is easily accessible.

Warning:

L To prevent the risk of electrical shock, do

not expose this product to rain or any other type of moisture.

L Unplug this unit from power outlets if it

emits smoke, an abnormal smell or makes unusual noise. These conditions can cause fire or electric shock. Confirm that smoke has stopped and contact an authorised service centre.

Location

L For maximum distance and noise-free

operation, place your base unit: – Away from electrical appliances such as

TVs, radios, personal computers or other phones.

– In a convenient, high and central

location.

Battery caution

L We recommend using the battery(ies)

noted on page 5. Use only rechargeable

battery(ies).

L Do not mix old and new batteries. L Do not dispose of the battery(ies) in a fire,

as they may explode. Check local waste management codes for special disposal instructions.

L Do not open or mutilate the battery(ies).

Released electrolyte from the battery(ies) is corrosive and may cause burns or injury to the eyes or skin. The electrolyte may be toxic if swallowed.

L Exercise care when handling the

battery(ies). Do not allow conductive materials such as rings, bracelets or keys to touch the battery(ies), otherwise a short circuit may cause the battery(ies) and/or the conductive material to overheat and cause burns.

L Charge the battery(ies) in accordance

with the information provided in these operating instructions.

L Only use the included base unit (or

charger) to charge the battery(ies). Do not tamper with the base unit (or charger). Failure to follow these instructions may cause the battery(ies) to swell or explode.

Preparation

Controls and displays

Controls

Handset

D E F

A Speaker B Charge contact C {j/OK} (Menu/OK) D {k} (Phonebook) E {C} (Talk) F Navigator key

L {e}{v}: To search for the desired

item in menus.

L{>}: To select the desired item or

move the cursor to the right.

L{<}: To return to the previous screen

or move the cursor to the left.

G {s} (Speakerphone) H {R} (Recall) I Receiver J Display K {R} (Redial/Pause) L {ih} (Off/Power)

L M

O P

Preparation

M {C/T } (Clear/Mute) N Dial keypad

L The icons printed below the dial keys

shown in the illustration (g, d, ■ etc.) indicate answering system operations.

O {INT} (Intercom) P Microphone

Note:

L Up to 3 menu items can be displayed at a

time. To select a menu item not shown on the current page, scroll up or down by pressing the navigator key, {e} or {v}, respectively.

Base unit

A Speaker B Charge contact C Display D {Answer on}/Answer on indicator E {d} (Greeting) F {4} (Erase) G Navigator key

L{>}{<}: To adjust the ringer and

speaker volumes.

L{<}{>}: To select the desired

ringtone or to repeat or skip the recorded messages.

H {x} (Page)

C D

KL OMNIH

E F G

I {R} (Recall) J {R} (Redial/Pause) K {T} (Mute) L Microphone M {s} (Speakerphone)/Speakerphone

indicator

N In use indicator

L Lights when a handset is in use (on a

call, editing the shared phonebook, using the answering system, etc.).

L Flashes when a call is being received

or when the answering system is answering a call.

O {5} (Play/Stop)

Displays

Handset display icons

Various icons appear on the handset display to indicate the current status of the unit.

Display icon

w Within range of a base unit

L Handset is accessing base

k Handset is on an outside

o Call bar is on. (page 28)

u Answering system is on.

5 Battery strength

[VE] Voice enhancer is set to

[N] Night mode is on. (page 26)

Meaning

L When flashing: Handset

is searching for base unit. (out of range of base unit, handset is not registered to base unit, no power on base unit)

unit. (intercom, paging, changing base unit settings, etc.)

call.

(page 38)

high or low tone. (page 14)

Preparation

Display icon

[X] Key lock is on. (page 14)

[2] Handset number: The left

-2- Base unit number: The left

0 New call minder message

Base unit display icons

Following icons appear on the base unit display to indicate the current status of the unit.

Display icon

d Answering system will

U Ringer volume is off. (page

Meaning

icon shows handset 2 example. (page 27)

icon shows base unit 2 example. (page 27)

received (call minder users only; page 37)

The base unit is on a call. Another handset is on a call or is using the answering system.

Meaning

answer calls with a greeting message and caller message will not be recorded. (page 44)

17)

Connections

When the AC adaptor is connected, a short beep will be heard. If it is not heard, check the connections.

Hook

(220–240 V, 50 Hz)

To telephone network

Important:

L Use only the AC adaptor and telephone

line cord supplied with this unit.

Note:

L After connection, you must charge the

batteries to make or answer calls with the handset (page 10).

L Never install telephone wiring during a

lightning storm.

L The AC adaptor must remain connected

at all times. (It is normal for the adaptor to feel warm during use.)

L The AC adaptor should be connected to a

vertically oriented or floor-mounted AC outlet. Do not connect the AC adaptor to a ceiling-mounted AC outlet, as the weight

Preparation

of the adaptor may cause it to become disconnected.

L The unit will not work during a power

failure. We therefore recommend you also connect a standard telephone to the same telephone line using a T-adaptor. Your Panasonic sales shop can offer you more information about connection possibilities.

L The unit’s answering system will not

answer incoming calls on your FaxAbility number.

Battery installation

1 Insert the batteries negative (T)

terminal first.

2 Close the handset cover.

Note:

L Use only rechargeable batteries (page

5).

When charging, the battery icon is shown as follows.

When the batteries are fully charged, 5 remains on the display.

Note:

L It is normal for the handset to feel warm

during charging.

L It takes 7 hours to fully charge the

batteries, however, you can use the handset before the batteries are fully charged.

L Clean the charge contacts (page 7) of the

handset and base unit with a soft, dry cloth once a month, otherwise the batteries may not charge properly. Clean more often if the unit is exposed to grease, dust or high humidity.

Battery strength

Battery charge

Place the handset on the base unit for about 7 hours before initial use.

Battery icon Battery strength

5 High

6 Medium

Preparation

Battery icon Battery strength

7 Low

When flashing: Needs to be charged.

Note:

L When 7 flashes, recharge the handset

batteries. 7 will continue to flash until the batteries have been charged for at least 15 minutes.

L If the handset is turned off, it will be turned

on automatically when it is placed on the base unit.

Battery life

After your Panasonic batteries are fully charged, you can expect the following performance:

Ni-MH batteries (700 mAh)

Operation Operating time

While in use (talking) 20 hours max.

While not in use (standby)

Note:

L Actual battery performance depends on a

combination of how often the handset is in use (talking) and how often it is not in use (standby).

L Battery operating time may be shortened

over time depending on usage conditions and ambient temperature.

170 hours max.

start charging, the batteries may leak electrolyte.

L Do not mix old and new batteries.

1 Press the notch on the handset cover

firmly and slide it in the direction of the arrow.

2 Remove the old batteries positive (S)

terminal first and install the new ones. See page 10 for battery installation.

Turning the power on/off

Power on

Press {ih} for about 1 second. L The display will change to the standby

mode.

Power off

Press {ih} for about 2 seconds. L The display will go blank.

Battery replacement

If 7 flashes even after the handset batteries have been charged for 7 hours, the batteries must be replaced.

Important:

L We recommend the use of Panasonic

rechargeable batteries noted on page 5. If you install non-rechargeable batteries and

Setting the date and time

Important:

L Confirm that the AC adaptor is connected. L Ensure that w is not flashing.

1 Press {j/OK}. 2 Select “Handset Setup”, then press

{>}.

3 Select “Time Settings”, then press

{>}.

Preparation

4 Select “Set Date & Time”, then press

{>}.

5 Enter the current day, month and year by

selecting 2 digits for each. Example: 17 May, 2005 Press {1}{7}{0}{5}{0}{5}.

6 Enter the current hour and minute by

selecting 2 digits for each. L You can select “AM”, “PM” or 24-hour

time entry by pressing {*} repeatedly.

Example: 3:30 PM Press {0}{3}{3}{0}, then press {*} repeatedly until “03:30 PM” is displayed.

7 Press {j/OK}. 8 Press {ih}.

Note:

L To correct a digit, press {<} or {>} to

move the cursor, then make the correction.

L The date and time may be incorrect after a

power failure. In this case, set the date and time again.

Making calls using the handset

1 Lift the handset and dial the phone

number. L To correct a digit, press {C/T}, then

enter the correct number.

2 Press {C}. 3 When finished talking, press {ih} or

place the handset on the base unit.

Speakerphone

The handset features a digital speakerphone, which allows you to have hands-free conversations.

1 During a conversation, press {s} to turn

on the speakerphone. L Speak alternately with the caller.

2 When finished talking, press {ih} or

place the handset on the base unit.

Note:

L For best performance, please note the

following: – Use the speakerphone in a quiet

environment. – If you or the other party have difficulty

hearing each other, press {e} or {v}

repeatedly to adjust the speaker volume

as necessary.

L To switch back to the receiver, press

{C}.

To adjust the receiver or speaker volume

Press {e} or {v} while talking. 4 volume levels are available for the receiver. 6 levels are available for the speaker.

Redial feature

Previously dialled phone numbers (each 24 digits max.) can be redialled.

Making/Answering Calls

To redial the last number dialled

Press {R}, then press {C} or {s}. L If {s} is pressed, the unit will redial

automatically if the other party’s line is engaged.

Note:

L You can also press {C} or {s} before

pressing {R}.

To make a call using the redial list

The last 10 phone numbers dialled are stored in the redial list.

1 Press {R}.

L The last number dialled will be

displayed.

2 Press {e} or {v} repeatedly to select

the desired number. L To exit the list, press {ih}.

3 Press {C} or {s}.

L If {s} is pressed, the unit will redial

automatically if the other party’s line is engaged.

To redial automatically

If you press {s} when redialling and the other party’s line is engaged, the unit will redial the phone number again automatically. The unit will redial up to 9 times. While the handset is waiting to redial, {s} will flash. While the handset is redialling, mute is automatically turned on.

Note:

L Automatic redial is cancelled when any

button (except {R}) is pressed.

L If mute does not turn off after the line is

connected, press {C/T}.

To edit a number in the redial list before calling it

1 Press {R}. 2 Press {e} or {v} repeatedly to select

the desired number, then press {j/OK}.

Making/Answering Calls

3 Select “Edit and Call”, then press

{>}.

4 Press {<} or {>} to move the cursor,

then edit the number. L Place the cursor on the number you

wish to erase, then press {C/T}.

L Place the cursor to the right of where

you want to insert a number, then press the appropriate dial key.

5 Press {C} or {s}.

To erase numbers in the redial list

1 Press {R}. 2 Press {e} or {v} repeatedly to select

the desired number, then press

{j/OK}.

3 Select “Erase”, then press {>}.

L If you want to erase all numbers in the

list, select “Erase All”, then press {>}.

4 Select “Yes”, then press {>}. 5 Press {ih}.

To store a number from the redial list into the handset phonebook

1 Press {R}. 2 Press {e} or {v} repeatedly to select

the desired number, then press

{j/OK}.

3 Select “Add Phonebook”, then press

{>}.

4 Enter a name (16 characters max.; see

page 52 for character entry), then press

{j/OK}.

5 Edit the phone number if necessary,

then press {j/OK}.

6 Select the desired category (page 18),

then press {>}.

7 Select “Save”, then press {>}. 8 Press {ih}.

Other features

Voice enhancer

You can change the tone quality of the receiver while you are on a call. 3 settings are available.

1 Press {j/OK} during a call. 2 Select “Voice Enhancer”, then press

{>}.

3 Select the desired setting, then press

{>}.

Note:

L If you select “High Tone” or “Low

Tone”, “[VE]” is displayed.

Mute

You can mute your voice during a conversation. While mute is turned on, you will be able to hear the other party, but the other party will not be able to hear you.

1 To mute your voice, press {C/T}. 2 To return to the conversation, press

{C/T} again.

Key lock

The handset can be locked so that no calls or settings can be made. Incoming calls can be answered, but all other functions are disabled while key lock is on. To turn key lock on, press {j/OK} for about 2 seconds.

L “[X]” is displayed. L To turn key lock off, press {j/OK} for

about 2 seconds.

Note:

L Calls to emergency numbers (page 32)

cannot be made until key lock is turned off.

L Key lock is turned off when the handset is

turned off.

Making/Answering Calls

R button (to use the recall feature)

{R} is used to access optional telephone services. Contact your service provider for details.

Note:

L If your unit is connected to a PBX (private

branch exchange), pressing {R} can allow you to access certain features of your host PBX such as transferring an extension call. Consult your PBX dealer for details.

L You can change the recall time (page 32).

Call waiting

Call waiting is a service offered by your service provider whereby a second caller can be answered while online with the first caller. To answer the second caller, press {R}. To return to the first caller, press {R} again. Please consult your service provider for details of this service.

Pause button (for PBX/long distance service users)

A pause is sometimes required when making calls using a PBX or long distance service. Example: If you have to dial {0} before dialling outside numbers manually, you will probably pause after dialling {0} until you hear a dial tone.

1 Press {0}. 2 Press {R}. 3 Dial the phone number, then press {C}

or {s}.

Note:

L Pressing {R} 1 time creates 1 pause.

Press {R} repeatedly to create longer pauses. To change pause length, see page 32.

Recording a telephone conversation using the handset

You can record your conversation while on an outside call.

Important:

L Before recording a conversation, you

should inform the other party that the conversation will be recorded.

1 Press {j/OK} during a conversation. 2 Select “Record Call”, then press

{>}. L A beep is heard and recording starts. L A beep sounds every 15 seconds and

can be heard by the other party, but is not recorded.

3 To stop recording, press {j/OK}.

Note:

L Recorded conversations are treated as

new messages.

L To listen to the recorded conversation, see

page 40.

L If message memory becomes full,

“Memory Full” is displayed and recording stops. Erase unnecessary messages (page 40).

L While recording a conversation, you

cannot change the tone quality of the handset.

L All persons using this device for recording

telephone conversations shall comply with New Zealand law. This requires that at least one party to the conversation is to be aware that it is being recorded. In addition, the principles enumerated in the Privacy Act 1993 shall be complied with in respect to the nature of the personal information collected, the purpose for its collection, how it is used and what is disclosed to any other party.

Making calls using the base unit

1 Press {s}. 2 Dial the phone number.

L Speak alternately with the caller.

Making/Answering Calls

3 When finished talking, press {s}.

Note:

L For best performance, please note the

following: – Use the speakerphone in a quiet

environment. – If you or the other party have difficulty

hearing each other, press {>} or {<}

repeatedly to adjust the speaker volume

as necessary.

L While on a call, you can switch from the

speakerphone to the handset: – If the handset is on the base unit, just lift

it up.

To adjust the speaker volume

Press {>} or {<} while talking. 8 volume levels are available.

To redial the last number dialled

Press {s}, then press {R}. L If the other party’s line is engaged, the unit

will redial up to 9 times automatically. While the base unit is waiting to redial, the speakerphone indicator will flash. While the base unit is redialling, mute is automatically turned on.

Note:

L Automatic redial is cancelled when any

dialling button (except {R}) is

pressed. L If mute does not turn off after the line is

connected, press {T}.

Other features

Mute

You can mute your voice during a conversation. While mute is turned on, you will be able to hear the other party, but the other party will not be able to hear you.

1 To mute your voice, press {T}.

L The speakerphone indicator flashes.

2 To return to the conversation, press {T}

again.

R button (to use the recall feature)

{R} is used to access optional telephone services. Contact your service provider for details.

Note:

L If your unit is connected to a PBX (private

branch exchange), pressing {R} can allow you to access certain features of your host PBX such as transferring an extension call. Consult your PBX dealer for details.

L You can change the recall time (page 32).

Call waiting

Pause button (for PBX/long distance service users)

1 Press {s}. 2 Press {0}. 3 Press {R}. 4 Dial the phone number.

Note:

L Pressing {R} 1 time creates 1 pause.

Press {R} repeatedly to create longer pauses. To change pause length, see page 32.

Answering calls using the handset

1 Lift the handset and press {C} or {s}

when the unit rings. L You can also answer a call by pressing

any dial key from {0} to {9}, {*}, {#}, or {INT}. (Any key answer feature)

2 When finished talking, press {ih} or

place the handset on the base unit.

Auto talk feature

You can answer calls simply by lifting the handset off the base unit. You do not need to press {C}. To turn this feature on, see page 28.

To adjust the ringer volume when an outside call comes in

Press {e} or {v} when an outside call comes in.

Note:

L The ringer volume cannot be adjusted if

the handset is on the base unit.

Making/Answering Calls

Note:

L When the ringer volume is turned off, U is

displayed on the base unit.

L When the ringer volume is turned off, the

base unit will not ring for outside calls and it will ring at the low level for intercom calls.

L When the message alert feature is on

(page 44), the base unit will beep even if the ringer volume is turned off.

To change ringtones

You can change the ringtone used by the base unit.

1 Press {>} or {<} when the base unit is

in standby mode.

2 Press {<} or {>} repeatedly to

select the desired ringtone, then press {5}.

Answering calls using the base unit

1 Press {s}. 2 When finished talking, press {s}.

To adjust the ringer volume

Press {>} or {<} when a call is received or when the base unit is in standby mode. 4 volume levels (high/medium/low/off) are available. To turn the ringer volume off, press and hold {<} until the base unit beeps. To turn the ringer volume on again, press {>}.

Phonebooks

Handset phonebook

The handset phonebook allows you to make calls without having to dial manually. You can add 200 names and phone numbers to the handset phonebook, assign each handset phonebook entry to the desired category, and search for handset phonebook entries by name or category.

Adding entries to the handset phonebook

Press {k}, then press {j/OK}.

1 2 Select “New Entry”, then press {>}. 3 Enter the party’s name (16 characters

max.; see page 52 for character entry), then press {j/OK}.

4 Enter the party’s phone number (24

digits max.), then press {j/OK}.

5 Select the desired category for the entry,

then press {>}.

6 Select “Save”, then press {>}. 7 Press {ih}.

Note:

L If there is no space to store new entries,

“Memory Full” will be displayed. Erase unnecessary entries (page 19).

To edit/correct a mistake

Press {<} or {>} to place the cursor on the number or character you wish to erase, then press {C/T}. Place the cursor to the right of where you want to insert a number or character, then press the appropriate dial key.

Note:

L Press and hold {C/T} to erase all

numbers or characters.