Outback Power Systems GS4048A Installation Instructions

Radian Series Inverter/Charger

GS8048A

GS4048A

Installation Manual

Address:

Corporate Headquarters

Arlington, WA 98223 USA

European Office

Schwabach, Germany

Telephone:

+1.360.435.6030

+1.360.435.6019 (Fax)

+49.9122.79889.0

Email:

[e-mail]

Website:

http://www.outbackpower.com

About OutBack Power Technologies

OutBack Power Technologies is a leader in advanced energy conversion technology. OutBack products include
true sine wave inverter/chargers, maximum power point tracking charge controllers, and system communication
components, as well as circuit breakers, batteries, accessories, and assembled systems.

Grid/Hybrid™

As a leader in off-grid energy systems designed around energy storage, OutBack Power is an innovator in
Grid/Hybrid system technology, providing the best of both worlds: grid-tied system savings during normal or
daylight operation, and off-grid independence during peak energy times or in the event of a power outage or an
emergency. Grid/Hybrid systems have the intelligence, agility and interoperability to operate in multiple energy
modes quickly, efficiently, and seamlessly, in order to deliver clean, continuous and reliable power to residential
and commercial users while maintaining grid stability.

Contact Information

17825 – 59th Avenue N.E.
Suite B

+1.360.618.4363 (Technical Support)

Hansastrasse 8
D-91126

+49.9122.79889.21 (Fax)

Disclaimer

UNLESS SPECIFICALLY AGREED TO IN WRITING, OUTBACK POWER TECHNOLOGIES:

(a) MAKES NO WARRANTY AS TO THE ACCURACY, SUFFICIENCY OR SUITABILITY OF ANY TECHNICAL OR OTHER
INFORMATION PROVIDED IN ITS MANUALS OR OTHER DOCUMENTATION.

(b) ASSUMES NO RESPONSIBILITY OR LIABILITY FOR LOSS OR DAMAGE, WHETHER DIRECT, INDIRECT,
CONSEQUENTIAL OR INCIDENTAL, WHICH MIGHT ARISE OUT OF THE USE OF SUCH INFORMATION. THE USE OF
ANY SUCH INFORMATION WILL BE ENTIRELY AT THE USER’S RISK.

OutBack Power Technologies cannot be responsible for system failure, damages, or injury resulting from
improper installation of their products.

Information included in this manual is subject to change without notice.

Notice of Copyright

Radian Series Inverter/Charger Installation Manual © 2013 by OutBack Power Technologies. All Rights Reserved.

Trademarks

OutBack Power, the OutBack Power logo, FLEXpower ONE, and Grid/Hybrid are trademarks owned and used by
OutBack Power Technologies, Inc. The ALPHA logo and the phrase “member of the Alpha Group” are trademarks
owned and used by Alpha Technologies Inc. These trademarks may be registered in the United States and other
countries.

Date and Revision

February 2014, Revision A

Part Number

900-0160-01-00 Rev A

Table of Contents

Introduction ................................................................................................. 3

Audience ................................................................................................................................................................................. 3

Welcome to OutBack Power Technologies ................................................................................................................. 3

Components and Accessories ......................................................................................................................................... 4

Planning ...................................................................................................... 5

Applications ........................................................................................................................................................................... 5

Input Modes ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 6

Renewable Energy ............................................................................................................................................................... 6

Battery Bank ........................................................................................................................................................................... 7

Generator ................................................................................................................................................................................ 9

Maintenance Bypass Switching ................................................................................................................................... 10

Installation ................................................................................................. 11

Location and Environmental Requirements ............................................................................................................ 11

Dimensions .......................................................................................................................................................................... 11

Tools Required .................................................................................................................................................................... 13

Mounting .............................................................................................................................................................................. 13

Component Mounting...................................................................................................................................................................... 15

Removing Front Cover .................................................................................................................................................... 16

Terminals and Ports .......................................................................................................................................................... 17

Wiring .................................................................................................................................................................................... 19

Grounding ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 19

DC Wiring ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 20

AC Wiring ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 22

Accessory Wiring ................................................................................................................................................................................. 25

AUX Wiring ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 26

Generator Control .............................................................................................................................................................................. 27

AC Configurations ............................................................................................................................................................. 31

Single-Inverter ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 31

Multiple-Inverter AC Installations (Stacking) ........................................................................................................................... 33

Functional Test ................................................................................................................................................................... 38

Preventative Maintenance ............................................................................................................................................. 38

Symbols, Terms, and Definitions .................................................................. 39

Symbols Used ..................................................................................................................................................................... 39

Definitions ............................................................................................................................................................................ 39

Index ......................................................................................................... 41

900-0160-01-00 Rev A 1

Table of Contents

List of Tables

Table 1 Components and Accessories ......................................................................................................... 4

Table 2 Battery Bank Elements ....................................................................................................................... 8

Table 3 Ground Conductor Size and Torque Requirements .............................................................. 19

Table 4 DC Conductor Size and Torque Requirements ....................................................................... 21

Table 5 Terms and Definitions ...................................................................................................................... 39

List of Figures

Figure 1 Radian Series Inverter/Charger .................................................................................................. 3

Figure 2 Radian Inverter and Accessories ............................................................................................... 4

Figure 3 Applications (Example) ................................................................................................................. 5

Figure 4 Bypass Switching .......................................................................................................................... 10

Figure 5 Bypass Switching for Multiple Inverters ............................................................................... 10

Figure 6 Dimensions ..................................................................................................................................... 11

Figure 7 System Dimensions ..................................................................................................................... 12

Figure 8 Installing the Mounting Plate ................................................................................................... 13

Figure 9 Mounting the Inverter ................................................................................................................ 14

Figure 10 Mounting for System Components ........................................................................................ 15

Figure 11 Removing the Front Cover ........................................................................................................ 16

Figure 12 DC Terminals, Ribbon Cables, and Auxiliary Terminals ................................................... 17

Figure 13 AC Terminals, Ports, and Ground Bus .................................................................................... 18

Figure 14 Chassis Ground TBB ..................................................................................................................... 19

Figure 15 GS8048A and GS4048A Battery Terminals ........................................................................... 20

Figure 16 DC Cable Hardware (Radian inverter) .................................................................................... 21

Figure 17 AC Terminals .................................................................................................................................. 22

Figure 18 AC Sources ...................................................................................................................................... 24

Figure 19 Accessory Connections .............................................................................................................. 25

Figure 20 ON/OFF Jumper and Connections.......................................................................................... 25

Figure 21 AUX Connections for Vent Fan (Example)............................................................................ 26

Figure 22 AUX Connections for Diversion (Example) .......................................................................... 27

Figure 23 Two-Wire Generator Start (RELAY AUX)................................................................................ 28

Figure 24 Two-Wire Generator Start (12V AUX) ..................................................................................... 28

Figure 25 Three-Wire Generator Start (Example) .................................................................................. 29

Figure 26 Single-Inverter AC System ......................................................................................................... 31

Figure 27 Single-Inverter AC Wiring with GS Load Center ................................................................. 32

Figure 28 OutBack Communications Manager and System Display .............................................. 33

Figure 29 Example of Parallel Stacking Arrangement (Three Inverters)........................................ 35

Figure 30 Parallel Wiring ................................................................................................................................ 36

Figure 31 Parallel Wiring with GSLC .......................................................................................................... 37

2 900-0160-01-00 Rev A

Audience

Designed to be integrated as part of an OutBack

This book provides instructions for the physical installation and wiring of this product.
These instructions are for use by qualified personnel who meet all local and governmental code
requirements for licensing and training for the installation of electrical power systems with AC and DC
voltage up to 600 volts. This product is only serviceable by qualified personnel.

Welcome to OutBack Power Technologies

Thank you for purchasing the OutBack Radian Series Inverter/Charger. This product offers a complete
power conversion system between batteries and AC power. It can provide backup power, sell power
back to the utility grid, or provide complete stand-alone off-grid service.



Grid/Hybrid™ system



Battery-to-AC inverting which delivers split-phase power
(100/200 Vac to 120/240 Vac at 60 or 50 Hz)



Model GS8048A can continuously produce 8 kVA (33 Aac)
Model GS4048A can continuously produce 4 kVA (16 Aac)



Mounts easily with supplied mounting plate



All terminals exit at the bottom of the inverter, allowing the
installer to use a single distribution box; the GS Load Center
(GSLC) is specifically designed for this purpose



Uses spring-based AC terminals instead of screw-based
terminals; this eliminates torque requirements and periodic
re-tightening



Uses the MATE3™ System Display and Controller (sold
separately) for user interface as part of a Grid/Hybrid system



Uses the HUB™ Series Communications Manager for
networking as part of a Grid/Hybrid system



Features versatile mounting locations for the MATE3, HUB,
FLEXmax charge controller, and GSLC



The venting on the cover allows mounting of multiple Radian
inverters side by side with minimal clearance between them



Up to 10 Radian inverter/chargers can be stacked together

Introduction

Figure 1 Radian Series Inverter/Charger

: This product has a settable AC output range. In this book, many references to the output refer

NOTE

to the entire range. However, some references are made to 120/240 Vac or 60 Hz output. These are
intended as examples only.

900-0160-01-00 Rev A 3

Introduction

IMPORTANT:

Controller. Use of these products is not supported with the Radian Series.

IMPORTANT:

This product is not stackable with the GS8048 inverter. See page 32.

Mounting Bracket

Optional Components for Attachment to Radian Inverter

NOTE: The system display is required if any Radian functions

GSLC

HUB

MATE3 System Display

Components and Accessories

This product is not compatible with the OutBack MATE or MATE2 System Display and

Table 1 Components and Accessories

Included in Box

Radian Series Installation Manual (this book) RTS (Remote Temperature Sensor)
Radian Series Operator’s Manual Hardware Kit

MATE3 System Display and Controller FLEXmax Series Charge Controller
FW-MB3 (MATE3 bracket) FW-CCB or FW-CCB2 (charge controller brackets)
GSLC (GS Load Center) series HUB Series Communications Manager

Communications

Manager

need adjustment from the factory default settings.

Figure 2 Radian Inverter and Accessories

4 900-0160-01-00 Rev A

Charge Controllers

Planning

Applications

The Radian Series Inverter/Charger is intended for both off-grid and grid-interactive (Grid/Hybrid)
applications. It is designed to use a battery bank to store energy. It can work in conjunction with
photovoltaic (PV) modules to harvest solar energy, as well as wind turbines and other renewable
sources. These sources charge the battery, which in turn is used by the inverter.

The Radian inverter has two sets of AC input terminals. Two AC sources, such as a gas or diesel
generator and the utility grid, can be connected to the inverter. Other combinations of AC sources
are possible.

NOTE:

although this can be changed.

The Radian inverter’s settings can be changed to accommodate many applications.

The inverter can only accept one source at a time. The input marked

has priority,

Grid

Figure 3 Applications (Example)

900-0160-01-00 Rev A 5

Planning

Input Modes

The Radian inverter has seven modes of operation. These modes determine how the Radian interacts
with an AC source. Each mode has functions and priorities that are intended for a designated
application. Each of the Radian’s two AC inputs can be set to a different operating mode, so that
different applications can be supported.



Generator

imperfect AC waveform. The Radian can charge from the generator even when the generator is undersized
or substandard.



Support

other limitations may require temporary assistance to run very large loads. The Radian adds inverter and
battery power to the AC source to ensure that the loads receive the power they require.



Grid Tied

batteries above a selected “target” voltage, the Radian inverter will send the excess energy to any loads. If
the loads do not use all the excess energy, then the Radian will return (sell) that energy to the utility grid.



UPS

interruption when switching between AC input and batteries. The response speed has been increased so
that if an AC disconnect occurs the response time will be minimized.



Backup

have specialty requirements such as selling or support. The AC source will flow through the Radian inverter
to power the loads unless power is lost. If power is lost, then the Radian inverter will supply energy to the
loads from the battery bank until the AC source returns.



Mini Grid

renewable energy. The system will run off the renewable energy until the battery voltage falls to a specified
low level. When this occurs, the Radian inverter will connect to the utility grid to power the loads. The
Radian inverter will disconnect from the utility grid when the batteries are sufficiently recharged.



Grid Zero:

renewable energy. The system will remain connected to the utility grid, but will only draw power from it
when no other power is available. The default power sources are the batteries and renewable energy, which
attempt to “zero” the use of the AC source. The batteries are discharged and recharged while remaining
grid-connected.

: This mode is intended for a wide range of AC sources, including generators with a rough or

: This mode is intended for systems using the utility grid or a generator. AC source size, wiring, or

: This mode is intended for grid-interactive systems. When renewable energy sources charge the

: This mode is intended for systems primarily intended to maintain power to the loads without any

: This mode is intended for systems that have the utility grid or a generator available, but do not

: This mode is intended for systems that have the utility grid as an input and a sizable amount of

This mode is intended for systems that have the utility grid as an input and a sizable amount of

See the Radian Series Inverter/Charger Operator’s Manual for additional information on these modes,
including the reasons and considerations for using each mode.

Renewable Energy

The Radian Series Inverter/Charger cannot connect directly to photovoltaic arrays, wind turbines,
or other renewable sources. As a required part of a Grid/Hybrid system, the batteries are the inverter’s
primary source of power. However, if the renewable sources are used to charge the batteries, the
inverter can use their energy by drawing it from the batteries.

The renewable source is always treated as a battery charger, even if all of its power is used
immediately. The renewable source must have a charge controller or some way to prevent
overcharging. OutBack Power’s FLEXmax family of charge controllers can be used for this purpose, as
can other products.

The GSLC will receive the mechanical and electrical connections for up to two FLEXmax charge
controllers. It can receive the electrical connections for two FLEXmax Extreme charge controllers.

6 900-0160-01-00 Rev A

Planning

IMPORTANT:

factory default settings, may cause the batteries to be undercharged or overcharged.

CAUTION: Hazard to Equipment

product warranty. (Sealed batteries may be an exception.)

Any losses are essentially amp-hour

stem cannot use.

increased to account for losses.

These are the most basic

Battery Bank

When planning a battery bank, consider the following:



Cables:

will determine the placement of the battery bank. Other local codes or regulations may apply and may take
priority over OutBack recommendations.

 Battery Type: The Radian inverter/charger uses a three-stage charge cycle.

~ The cycle was designed for lead-chemistry batteries intended for deep discharge. These include

~ Each stage of the charging cycle can be reconfigured or omitted from the cycle if necessary.

~ The Radian inverter/charger is designed to work with a 48-volt battery bank. Before constructing a



Charger Settings and Maintenance:

usually recommended for safety reasons. It may be necessary to use a fan to ventilate the battery enclosure.

Batteries must be regularly maintained according to the instructions of the battery manufacturer.

Recommendations for battery cable size and length are shown on page 20. The maximum length

batteries for marine, golf-cart, and forklift applications. They also include gel-cell batteries and
absorbed glass-mat (AGM) batteries. OutBack Power recommends the use of batteries designed
specifically for renewable energy applications. Automotive batteries are strongly discouraged and will
have a short life if used in inverter applications.

This programming is performed using the system display. The charger can be customized to charge a
wide range of battery technologies including nickel, lithium-ion, and sodium-sulfur batteries.

battery bank, confirm the nominal voltage of individual batteries.

A vented battery enclosure may be required by electric code and is



Bank Size:

accurately as possible, beginning with the items below. This avoids underperformance or wasted capacity.
These ten items are obtainable in different places, summarized in Table 2 on the next page. Some of the

information is specific to the site or application. Some can be obtained from the battery manufacturer.
Information on OutBack products is available from OutBack Power Technologies or its dealers.

A. Size of load:
B. Daily hours of use:
C. Days of autonomy:
D. Application: This often helps define or prioritize the previous three items. Off-grid systems often

require enough capacity to last for an extended period before recharging. Grid-connected systems
frequently need only enough capacity for short-term backup during outages.

E. Conductor efficiency: Wire size and other factors

will waste power due to resistance and voltage drop.
Typical acceptable efficiency is 96 to 99%.

F. Inverter efficiency: Radian specifications list

“Typical Efficiency” to help estimate operating loss.

Battery charger settings need to be correct for a given battery type. Always follow
battery manufacturer recommendations. Making incorrect settings, or leaving them at

Batteries can emit vapors which are corrosive over long periods of time. Installing the
inverter in the battery compartment may cause corrosion which is not covered by the

Battery bank capacity is measured in amp-hours. Determine the required bank specifications as

and essential factors used

capacity that the sy
The battery bank size can be

900-0160-01-00 Rev A 7

Planning

G. System DC voltage: The Radian inverter

1) A ÷ [E x F] 1000 ÷ (0.98 x 0.93) = 1097.2 W

Table 2 Battery Bank Elements

Item

Source of information

A. Load Size

Site-specific

B. Daily Hours

Site-specific

C. Days of Autonomy

Site-specific

D. Application

Site-specific

E. Conductor Efficiency

Site-specific

F. Inverter Efficiency

Inverter manufacturer

G. System Vdc

Inverter manufacturer

H. Battery Vdc

Battery manufacturer

I. Capacity

Battery manufacturer

J. Maximum DoD

Battery manufacturer

requires nominal 48 Vdc to operate.

H. Battery voltage: Most individual battery

voltages are less than the system DC voltage.
The batteries need to be placed in series to
deliver the correct voltage.

I. Capacity: Battery capacity, which is measured

in amp-hours, is not usually a fixed number.
It is specified based on the rate of discharge.
For example, the OutBack EnergyCell 200RE is
rated at 154.7 Ahr when discharged at the
5-hour rate (to terminal voltage 1.85 Vpc). This is a high rate of discharge that would hypothetically
drain the battery in 5 hours. The same battery is rated at 215.8 Ahr when used at the 100-hour rate.
Use the appropriate discharge rate (correlated to the expected loads) to measure the capacity of a
battery. Use battery specifications for terminal voltage 1.85 Vpc whenever possible.

J. Maximum depth of discharge (DoD): Most batteries cannot be discharged below a certain level

without damage. The bank requires enough total capacity to keep this from happening.

To Calculate Minimum Battery Bank Size (refer to Table 2 for letter designations):

1. The load size, item A, is measured in watts. Compensate this figure for efficiency loss. Multiply the

conductor efficiency by the inverter efficiency (E x F). (These items are represented as percentages,
but may be displayed as decimals for calculation.) Divide item A by the result.

2. Convert the compensated load into amperes (Adc). Divide the step 1 result by the system voltage

(item G).

3. Determine the daily load consumption in ampere-hours (amp-hours, or Ahr). Multiply the step 2

result by the daily usage hours (item B).

4. Adjust the total for required days of autonomy (the days the system must operate without

recharging) and the maximum DoD. Multiply the step 3 result by C and divide by J.

The result is the total amp-hour capacity required for the battery bank.

5. Determine the number of parallel battery strings required. Divide the Ahr figure from step 4 by the

individual battery capacity (I). Round the result to the next highest whole number.

6. Determine the total number of batteries required. Divide the system voltage by the battery voltage

(G ÷ H). Multiply the result by the step 5 result.

The result is the total required quantity of the chosen battery model.

EXAMPLE #1

A. Backup loads: 1.0 kW (1000 W)
B. Hours of use: 8
C. Days of autonomy: 1
D. Grid-interactive system (GS4048A inverter)
E. Conductor efficiency: 98% (0.98)
F. Inverter efficiency: 93% (0.93)
G. System voltage: 48 Vdc
H. Batteries: OutBack EnergyCell 220GH (12 Vdc)
I. Capacity at 8-hour rate: 199.8 Ahr
J. Maximum DoD: 80% (0.8)

8 900-0160-01-00 Rev A

2) 1 ÷ G 1097.2 ÷ 48 = 22.9 Adc

3) 2 x B 22.9 x 8 = 182.9 Ahr

4) [3 x C] ÷ J [182.9 x 1] ÷ 0.8 = 228.6 Ahr

5) 4 ÷ I 228.6 ÷ 199.8 = 1.14 (rounded to 2)

6) [G ÷ H] x 5 [48 ÷ 12] x 2 strings = 8 batteries

Planning

EXAMPLE #2

CAUTION: Equipment Damage

1) A ÷ [E x F] 1750 ÷ (0.97 x 0.93) = 1939.9 W

A. Backup loads: 1.75 kW (1750 W)
B. Hours of use: 8
C. Days of autonomy: 2
D. Off-grid system (GS4048A inverter)
E. Conductor efficiency: 97% (0.97)
F. Inverter efficiency: 93% (0.93)
G. System voltage: 48 Vdc
H. Batteries: OutBack EnergyCell 200RE (12 Vdc)
I. Capacity at 8-hour rate: 167.5 Ahr
J. Maximum DoD: 50% (0.5)

2) 1 ÷ G 1939.9 ÷ 48 = 40.4 Adc

3) 2 x B 40.4 x 8 = 323.3 Ahr

4) [3 x C] ÷ J [323.3 x 2] ÷ 0.5 = 1293.3 Ahr

5) 4 ÷ I 1293.3 ÷ 167.5 = 7.7 (rounded to 8)

6) [G ÷ H] x 5 [48 ÷ 12] x 8 strings = 32 batteries

Generator

These Radian models can work with any “split-phase” generator that delivers reliable AC power at the
appropriate voltage and frequency. They cannot work with a single-phase or three-phase generator.

Use of a three-phase generator with this equipment may damage either the inverter or
the generator. This damage to the inverter is not covered by the product warranty.



The Radian inverter/charger can provide a start signal to control an automatic start generator. If automatic
generator starting is required, the generator must be an electric-start model with automatic choke. It
should have two-wire start capability. For other configurations, additional equipment may be required.



In any configuration, the inverter may need to be programmed using the system display.
Perform all programming according to the specifications of the generator and the required operation of the
inverter. Parameters to be programmed may include generator size, automatic starting requirements, and
potential fluctuations in generator AC voltage.

Generator Sizing

A generator should be sized to provide enough power for all the loads and the battery charger.



Available generator power may be limited by ratings for circuit breakers and/or generator connectors.
The maximum allowed AC circuit breaker size is 50 Aac per Radian inverter/charger.



The generator must be able to provide current to all inverters. Minimum generator wattage
recommended to be twice the wattage of the inverter system. Many generators may not be able to
maintain AC voltage or frequency for long periods of time if they are loaded more than 80% of
rated capacity.

A generator that is to be installed in a building usually should not have a bond between the neutral and



ground connections. The generator should only be bonded if there is a specific need. Installations in North
America are expected to bond the neutral and ground at the main electrical panel. See page 22 for more
information on neutral-ground bonding.

1

is usually

1

This is the wattage value after deratings for the following: peak versus continuous power, load power factor considerations,

fuel type, altitude, and ambient temperature.

900-0160-01-00 Rev A 9

Planning

WARNING: Shock Hazard or Equipment Damage

inappropriate places. This could create an electric shock hazard or damage the equipment.

AC Source

AC Loads

GSLC Bypass

Inoperative

Inverter

Input Wiring

Output Wiring

AC Source

AC Loads

Output Wiring

Inactive Radian Inverters

GSLC Bypass Devices

(not to be used)

External Bypass Device

Input Wiring

Maintenance Bypass Switching

Inverter systems are often equipped with AC maintenance bypass switches or interlocks. If the
inverter system ever needs to be shut down or removed, the AC sources and loads must be
disconnected. A bypass device allows the AC source to deliver power directly to the loads, bypassing
the inverter. This can minimize disruption to the system and avoids the need for extensive rewiring.

Radian

Figure 4 Bypass Switching

The GS Load Center (GSLC) can be equipped with bypass circuit breakers for this purpose. However, if
multiple Radian inverters are stacked in a single system, then the GSLC bypass kits should not be used.
The bypass function must be simultaneous for all inverters. The GSLC bypass kits operate
independently, not simultaneously.

Both manual and automatic double-throw bypass switches are commonly available in a range of sizes
and options. These are highly recommended for systems with more than a single inverter.

Using independent bypass devices on multiple inverters can result in power being routed to

Figure 5 Bypass Switching for Multiple Inverters

10 900-0160-01-00 Rev A

Installation

Enclosure Height 28” (71.1 cm)

Mounting Hole Spacing 1.97" (5.0 cm)

Enclosure
Height with
Flange

29.1” (74 cm)

Width 16” (40.6 cm)

Depth

The dimensions of an assembled system with mounting plate and GSLC are shown on the next page.

Location and Environmental Requirements

Radian Series Inverter/Chargers must be located in a weather-proof enclosure or enclosed area. It is
not designed for exposure to water or excessive wind-blown dust and debris. It carries an Ingress
Protection (IP) rating of 20 and a Relative Humidity (RH) rating of 93%.

The Radian inverter must be wall-mounted in an upright position. The inverter is not approved for
mounting in any other position or orientation.



Recommended minimum clearance is 2 to 4 inches (5 to 10 cm) for the front and top of the inverter.



The sides and bottom may be enclosed or obscured with no restriction when mounting accessory devices or
one other Radian inverter. If more than two Radian inverters are installed side by side with the GSLC, the
inverters should be separated by at least 0.9 inches (2.3 cm) to accommodate the GSLC hinged doors.



The Radian inverter will function best if operated in a temperature range of -4°F to 77°F (–20°C to 25°C). At
temperatures up to 122°F (50°C), all inverter components meet their specifications, but the inverter’s power
is derated. It can function in environments as cold as –40°F (–40°C) and as warm as 140°F (60°C), but it may
not meet all component specifications. This temperature range also applies to storage.



The specifications are listed in the Radian Series Inverter/Charger Operator’s Manual.

Dimensions

8.75"

(22 cm)

Figure 6 Dimensions

900-0160-01-00 Rev A 11

Installation

Width 16.0” (40.6 cm)

0.45” (1.1 cm)

0.45” (1.1 cm)

13.7”

28”

29.0”

12.5”

45.0”

8.75”

(22.2 cm)

14.0” (35.6 cm)

This illustration can be used as a

(114.3 cm)

(71.1 cm )

(73.7 cm)

(31.8 cm)

basic template for planning layouts,
marking mounting holes, etc.
when installing a system.

12 900-0160-01-00 Rev A

The requirements for mounting the
Radian inverter are described
beginning on the next page.

Figure 7 System Dimensions

Installation

IMPORTANT:

with inadequate fasteners.

The Radian inverter is mounted using these

Continued on the next page…

16.0” (40.6 cm)

Mounting Plate

8.0” (20.3 cm)

4.1”

5.0”

(12.7 cm)

Insulated screwdriver set; should include



DVM or Voltmeter

Tools Required

The following tools may be required for this installation:



Wrench and socket sets; should include torque and ratchet
wrenches; also reversible (stubby) wrenches for narrow access



Wire cutters/strippers



a #2 Phillips screwdriver 15 to16” long



Long-nose pliers

Mounting



Two or more people may be needed to install the Radian inverter/charger due to its weight.



Mount and secure each component before attaching any wiring. Local or national wiring codes may require
the bottom of the inverter to be enclosed. The GS Load Center was specifically designed for this purpose.



Avoid large air gaps behind the Radian inverter/charger and its mounting plate. These can result in louder
mechanical noise during heavy inverting or charging. Mount the plate on a flat, solid mounting surface.

Use correct fasteners to secure the mounting plate and the Radian inverter/charger to the
mounting surface. OutBack cannot be responsible for damage to the product if it is attached

The Radian inverter/charger comes equipped with a mounting plate, as shown in Figure 8.

steps.

1. The mounting plate is to be screwed or
bolted directly to a solid mounting surface
such as wall studs. (See Figure 8.) Lag
screws are provided for this purpose.

~ The plate is designed to mount on wall

studs with a spacing of 16” (40.6 cm).
If the studs have a different spacing,
plywood or similar material should be
installed over the studs. This material
should be1/2” size or thicker. The
mounting plate can be installed on the
plywood surface.

~ If multiple Radian inverter/chargers are

being installed, all mounting plates
should be installed first. The inverters
can be mounted and secured one at a
time when this is done.

(10.4 cm)

6.0” (15.2 cm)

Figure 8 Installing the Mounting Plate

900-0160-01-00 Rev A 13

Installation

Radian Inverter

Mounting Plate

mounting flange may be used.

2. Place the Radian inverter against the wall and slide it

directly over the upper lip of the mounting plate. The

WARNING: Shock Hazard

chassis may involve metal-to-metal contact or separate ground wires.

…continued from the previous page…

inverter’s mounting flange should come to rest within the
lip so that it hangs securely.

To assist in alignment, dimples have been placed on the
side of the unit to mark the lower edge of the flange. In the
picture to the left, the two X symbols show the location of
the dimples.

3. Align the left edge of the inverter with the left edge of the
mounting plate. This will expose the right edge of the plate,
allowing easy installation of another Radian inverter/charger in
the future. All additional inverters are mounted to the right of
the existing unit.

The unit shown to the right is not aligned with the mounting
plate, as the plate is still visible. In this example, it should slide
to the left so that the plate is entirely covered.

NOTE: If the GS Load Center is used with the Radian inverter,
the following step should be omitted.

4

. Once aligned, secure the Radian inverter to the stud using a lag

screw (provided) in the left corner of the inverter’s bottom
flange. Securing the inverter this way will prevent it from
dislodging from the mounting plate in the event of an
earthquake or similar event.

NOTE: The left corner is used for securing the inverter to a stud.
If the Radian inverter is mounted on plywood or a similar
wide-area mounting surface as shown, any of the slots in the

When the inverter is used with other metal chassis, make sure that all chassis are
grounded appropriately. (See the grounding instructions on page 18.) Grounding other

14 900-0160-01-00 Rev A

Figure 9 Mounting the Inverter

Installation

For the FLEXmax charge controller:

For the MATE3:

To fit on the
left side, the MATE3 requires
the FW
b
the upper and lower left side
to attach the FW
more information, see the
FW

For the HUB:

To fit on the
the HUB uses two mounting holes and
three knockouts.

NOTE: The OutBack FLEXmax Extreme should be installed on the wall to either side of the

Component Mounting

The top of the GS Load Center (GSLC) connects to the
bottom of the Radian inverter using four keyhole slots. The
keyhole slots fit over four screws on the bottom of the inverter
that secure the GSLC to the inverter when they are tightened.
(The long screwdriver recommended on page

13 may
be needed to reach these screws.) The GSLC should
be secured to the wall using screws or wall anchors.
The GSLC also makes a mechanical connection to the
Radian using bus bars that bolt to the inverter’s DC
terminals. Other connections are wired as necessary.

Several system components can mount directly onto the Radian
inverter or the GSLC. The MATE3 System Display and the HUB
Communications Manager can easily be mounted on the left side
of the system. Up to two FLEXmax 60 or 80 charge controllers can
be mounted on its right side.

: The FLEXmax controller requires mounting brackets

NOTE

(see below). The conduit provided with these brackets is long
enough to wire the FLEXmax directly to the GSLC. Additional
conduit may be necessary when mounting on the inverter. The
image on the right shows GSLC mounting. See Figure 2 on page 4
for other configurations.

Radian inverter’s

-MB3 mounting

racket. Holes are provided on

-MB3. For

-MB3 instruction sheet.

Radian inverter’s left side,

GSLC for direct wiring access and does not require additional brackets.

Figure 10 Mounting for System Components

900-0160-01-00 Rev A 15

To fit on the Radian inverter’s right side, the FLEXmax
charge controllers require the FW-CCB or FW-CCB2
mounting brackets. To accommodate many possible
mounting requirements, four sets of mounting holes
have been provided for the brackets.

Installation

Removing Front Cover

Cover

Plate

Plate

The front cover must be removed in order to access the Radian inverter’s AC terminals and other
connections. These include the Remote and Batt Temp ports, as well as several sets of auxiliary
terminals.

Twenty-two machine screws are located around the perimeter. Remove these screws with a #2
Phillips screwdriver. Once they are removed, the cover can be lifted off.

: The screws which secure the plastic plates to the cover do not need to be removed.

NOTE

Screws

Screws

(x22)

NOTE:

initial installation. The remaining screws are included in the hardware kit.

16 900-0160-01-00 Rev A

Screws

Figure 11 Removing the Front Cover

The Radian inverter may ship with only a few screws installed to make it easier to perform the

Installation

WARNING: Shock Hazard and Equipment Damage

handling. This damage is not covered under the unit’s warranty.

12V AUX: Delivers 12 Vdc up to

0.7
be switched on and off for many
functions. See page 26 for details.

SWITCH INV eceives wires for a
manual
inverte

NOTE:

overrides these terminals when installed.
(See above.)

RELAY AUX: Relay contacts with no
voltage (
The relay can be
many functions. See page 26 for details.

ON/OFF INV JUMPER (J3): Overrides the

DC TERMINALS Connects to the battery cables and DC system. There are

two DC
requires separate cables and separate overcurrent protection. See page
for instructions.

RIBBON CABLES Connects the Radian’s power
modules and control board. See Warning below.

The functions for each set of AUX contacts can be programmed
using the system di

Terminals and Ports

positive and two DC negative terminals. Each DC positive terminal

20

10 amps at 250 Vac or 30 Vdc).

switched on and off for

splay.

amps (8.4 watts). The output can

Figure 12 DC Terminals, Ribbon Cables, and Auxiliary Terminals

It may be necessary to remove the ribbon cables in the course of servicing the Radian. (This is detailed in
the Radian service manual.) The cables must never be removed until all power has been disconnected from
the Radian for a minimum of one minute. If the cables are removed prematurely, the Radian’s capacitors
will retain a sizable charge, which can cause electrical shock or severe equipment damage during normal

900-0160-01-00 Rev A 17

SWITCH INV terminals when installed. When
installed, the inverter is ON. The ON or OFF
states can then only be controlled by the MATE3.
NOTE: J3 is installed to the ON position during
manufacture, but the Radian inverter is given an
external OFF command at the same time. Its
initial state will be OFF.

on/off switch to control the

r. See page 25 for instructions.

The ON/OFF INV jumper (J3)

Installation

WARNING: Shock Hazard

Manual for the shutdown procedure before removing the covers.

AC TERMINAL BLOCK
REMOTE and BATTERY TEMP

CONTROL WIRING TERMINAL
BLOCK

variety of functions
ge
terminal descriptions.

GROUND BUS

: Receives control wires for a

nerator control. See facing page for

Receives AC input wires
for two input sources (L1,
L2, and neutral for each).
Also receives AC output
wires (L1, L2, and neutral).
All neutral wires are
electrically common. See
page

, including

22 for instructions.

PORTS: Receive the RJ45 and
RJ11 plugs from the MATE3
system display and Remote
Temp Sensor. See page
instructions.

25 for

Figure 13 AC Terminals, Ports, and Ground Bus

18 900-0160-01-00 Rev A

After installation, do not remove the covers while the inverter has any source of power. See the Operator’s

Receives ground wires
from multiple
locations. See page
for instructions.

19

Installation

Wiring

WARNING: Shock Hazard

WARNING: Shock Hazard

GSLC is also equipped with its own bond, which may need to be removed.)

IMPORTANT:

discussed extensively.

The inverter’s ground terminal bus bar (TBB) may be used for

It will be necessary to remove knockouts from the chassis to run wires. Bushings are included with the
hardware kit to protect the wires. Make sure to install these bushings in the holes.

Use copper wire only. Wire must be rated at 75°C or higher.

Grounding

 This unit meets the IEC requirements of Protection Class I.
 The unit must be connected to a permanent wiring system that is grounded

according to the IEC 60364 TN standard.

 The input and output circuits are isolated from ground. The installer is responsible

for system grounding according to all applicable codes.

 For safety, the neutral and ground conductors should be mechanically bonded.

OutBack does not bond these conductors within the inverter. Make sure that no
more than one bond is present in the AC system at any time. Some codes require
the bond to be made at the main panel only.

 The GS Load Center (GSLC) is equipped with a neutral-ground bond. If bonding is

required to be in another location, the bond in the GSLC may need to be removed.

For all installations, the negative battery conductor should be bonded to the grounding
system at only one point. If the OutBack GFDI is present, it can provide the bond. (The

Most OutBack products are not designed for use in a positive-grounded system. If it is
necessary to build a positive-grounded system with OutBack products, contact OutBack
Technical Support at
online forum at

+1.360.618.4363

www.outbackpower.com/forum/

Table 3 Ground Conductor Size and Torque Requirements

Terminal Location Minimum Conductor Size Torque Requirements

Ground TBB

making all ground connections to other parts of the system.
Examples include inverter equipment grounding, generator
grounding, load panel grounding, and main earth ground
wire. When the GSLC is used, make a connection from the
inverter to the ground TBB in the GSLC.

This TBB accepts up to #4 AWG (0.033 in²) or 25 mm² wire.

#8 AWG (0.013 in²) or 10 mm² 25 in-lb (2.8 Nm)

before proceeding. Additionally, consult the

, where this subject has been

900-0160-01-00 Rev A 19

Figure 14 Chassis Ground TBB

Installation

DC Wiring

WARNING: Shock Hazard

Use caution when working in the vicinity of the inverter’s battery terminals.

CAUTION: Equipment Damage

Never reverse the polarity of the battery cables. Always ensure correct polarity.

CAUTION: Fire Hazard

See the hardware diagrams on page 21.

IMPORTANT:

IMPORTANT:

The terminals on the right

must not

be connected to battery power.

The Radian inverter has four battery cable terminals, two positive
and two negative. Each terminal is a threaded hole which accepts
a hex bolt (provided). Notes on assembly and cabling are shown
on the next

GS8048A

GS4048A

 The installer is responsible for providing overcurrent protection. Install a



 The DC terminals must be encased in an enclosure to meet NEC requirements.

 Table 4 contains OutBack’s recommendations for minimum cable sizes. Other

circuit breaker or overcurrent device on each DC positive (+) conductor to
protect the DC system.

Never install extra washers or hardware between the mounting surface
and the battery cable lug. The decreased surface area can build up heat.

The GS Load Center (GSLC) meets this requirement.

codes may supersede OutBack’s requirements. Consult local codes for final
size requirements.

page.

 The Radian GS8048A contains two internal power modules, each with its own

set of DC terminals. Both sets of terminals
power for the inverter to work correctly.

 The Radian GS4048A contains a single power module which occupies the

space on the left. Although it has two pairs of terminals, only the pair on the
left is functional. The battery cables must be connected to these terminals.

be connected to battery

must

Figure 15 GS8048A and GS4048A Battery Terminals

20 900-0160-01-00 Rev A

Installation

Table 4 DC Conductor Size and Torque Requirements

GS8048A

104

2/0 AWG 0.105 in²) or 70 mm²

175 Adc/AIC 10kA

104

 If the battery cables are connected directly to the Radian







 All GSLC models connect the battery negative cables to the shunt, which is threaded for 3/8” bolts. See image D.

Battery Cable

Flat Washer

M8-1.25 Hex Bolt

Mounting

Lock Washer

Battery

M8-1.25 Hex Bolt

Lock Washer

Flat

DC

Positive

Nut

Flat Washer

GS-SBUS

Battery

Cable Lug

Flat Washer

Lock Washer

Shunt

DC Disconnect

Battery

Battery Monitor

Ring Terminal

Charge

Flat Washer

Lock Washer

Nut

M8 Stud

A

3/8” Hex Bolt

Inverter Nominal DC Amps

(Minimum, per breaker)

(Derated 125%)

GS4048A

Conductor Size

(Minimum, per breaker)

2/0 AWG 0.105 in²) or 70 mm² 175 Adc/AIC 10kA

Breaker Size

Terminal Location Torque Requirements

Inverter DC Terminals 60 in-lb (6.9 Nm)

When installing DC cables:

 Make certain DC circuit breakers are turned to the off position, or fuses are removed, before proceeding.
 Battery positive (+) and negative (–) cables should not exceed 10 feet (3 m) each to reduce voltage loss and other effects.
 The modular construction of the GS8048A requires the use of two DC circuit breakers or fuses.
 The cables for each overcurrent device must

 Install all overcurrent devices on the positive cable.
 Tie, tape, or twist positive and negative cables together to reduce self–inductance. Run positive and negative cables

NOTE

all cases the battery cable lug must be the first item installed. It must make solid contact with the surface.

Battery Terminals See battery manufacturer’s recommendations

be sized appropriately. Alternately, a single cable or bus may be used

each

if sized to the minimum total ampacity. The cables listed above are for each inverter in a system. In a multiple-inverter
system, each inverter requires its own cables and overcurrent devices of the size indicated.

through the same knockouts and conduit.

: Do not install hardware in a different order from the illustrations shown in

Error! Reference source not found.

. In

inverter, the hardware should be arranged as shown in image A.
The inverter’s battery terminal is a threaded hole which accepts
a hex bolt (provided). The battery cable lug must have a

0.79 cm (5/16") diameter hole.
If the inverter is installed with the GS Load Center (GSLC),

follow GSLC instructions for cable and hardware installation.

The hardware should be arranged according to the appropriate image below.
GSLC models used with the GS8048A inverter are equipped with a DC positive (+) plate. The plate accepts an M8 hex

bolt and nut. See image B.
GSLC models used with the GS4048A inverter do not use the DC positive plate. The cable lugs are connected to the

DC disconnect, which uses a threaded M8 stud. See image C.

Cable Lug

Controller Ring

Terminal

Surface

Lug

Cable Lug

(+) Plate

900-0160-01-00 Rev A 21

Figure 16 DC Cable Hardware (Radian inverter)

Installation

AC Wiring

WARNING: Shock Hazard

WARNING: Fire Hazard

connected.

CAUTION: Equipment Damage

power source.

IMPORTANT:

maximum size to meet NEC or other code requirements.

AC Out

(L1, L2, Neutral)

Grid In

(L1, L2, Neutral)

Generator In (L1, L2, Neutral)

 The neutral and ground conductors should be mechanically bonded.



Do not install the GS4048A using a load center that has multiwire branch circuits

The Radian inverter cannot be connected to a three-phase source (utility grid or
generator). The L1 and L2 inputs cannot be connected to two lines of a three-phase

The installer is responsible for providing overcurrent protection. The AC input and
output must be protected with branch-rated circuit breakers of up to 50 Aac

Ensure there is no more than one AC neutral-ground bond at any time.

Local or national codes may require the bond to be made at the main panel
only. The GS Load Center (GSLC) is equipped with its own bond, which may
need to be removed.

All system wiring must comply with national and local codes and regulations.
The Radian inverter/charger’s AC terminal block has nine positions for AC wires. The minimum

2

recommended wire size is #8 AWG (0.013 in
specific conditions. The largest size that can be used with the terminals is #6 AWG (0.021 in

2

16 mm

wire.

) or 10 mm2. Larger wire gauges may be required for

2

) or

The inverter makes its AC connections using spring-loaded clamps. It is necessary to strip
approximately ½ inch (1.3 cm) of insulation from the end of each wire. Other tools are not required.

22 900-0160-01-00 Rev A

Figure 17 AC Terminals

Installation

WARNING: Shock Hazard

Operator’s Manual for more information.

The terminals labeled L1 and

L2 GRID

are used to connect to the two utility grid “hot” wires. The L1
and L2 wires are usually black and red respectively, and read 120 Vac each when measured with
respect to neutral. In a standard service, L1 and L2 are 180 degrees out of phase and should read 240
Vac when measured from one to the other.

The L1 and

L2 GEN

terminals are used to connect to the “hot” wires on a 120/240 Vac generator.

Three neutral (N) terminals are available. These terminals are electrically common. Any of them can
be used to connect to neutral wires from various parts of the system. The most common connections
are to the neutral bus on the main panel or utility grid service, the neutral bus on the output load
panel, the neutral bus in the GSLC, and the neutral wire from a generator.

The Radian can accept input voltages that range between (nominal) 100/200 Vac and 120/240 Vac
(split-phase only). The range of input acceptance may need to be adjusted to the nominal voltage of
the system so that inappropriate voltages are not accepted.

The AC source(s) can power both battery charger and loads if sized correctly. Use the source
amperage and the charger size to determine actual maximum draw. Size the input circuit breakers
according to these specifications.

The terminals labeled

are used to connect the Radian inverter to the load circuits. These

OUT

terminals also transfer power from an input source if it is available. (See the next page.) Size the load
circuit breakers accordingly.

A Ground Terminal Bus Bar (TBB) is also available if multiple ground connections are needed (see
Figure 14 on page 19).

During an error shutdown, the inverter’s output terminals are not live. However,
if the inverter recovers from a shutdown, the terminals will become live without
notice. Several error shutdowns can be recovered automatically, including

Battery V, High Battery V

section and the list of error messages in the Radian Series Inverter/Charger

, and

Over Temperature.

Low

See the Troubleshooting

900-0160-01-00 Rev A 23

Installation

AC Sources

IMPORTANT:

The inverter’s transfer relay is normally set to provide inverter power to the output.
The conditions for AC acceptance are defined by the inverter’s programmed settings and AC input
mode. The relay will switch to transfer the AC source power to the output when the AC acceptance
conditions are met.

The Radian inverter has connections for two AC sources,

(generator) and

GEN

GRID

, for ease of
installation. Each source is transferred with a separate relay. However, internally it can only connect
to one AC source at a time. It cannot use both utility grid and generator power at the same time. If
presented with two sources of power, the default setting is to accept the source connected to the

terminals. The source priority can be changed using the system display.

GRID

NOTE:

The terminals are labeled due to common conventions, not inverter requirements. The

GEN

terminals can accept grid power if necessary. The opposite is also true. Each input can accept any AC
source as long as it meets the requirements of the Radian and the selected input mode, with the
following exception.

The generator must be connected to the
MATE3’s Advanced Generator Start (
auxiliary function. If the input priority is set to
energized, an automatically controlled generator will shut down. This prevents an
automatic generator from working correctly when using the

: If an AC source is present on the priority input, the second input cannot accept another source

NOTE

AGS

for any reason. This is true even if the inverter has not accepted the priority source. The behavior is
the same whether the first source was rejected for quality issues or because of programmed settings.

In Figure 18, the arrow between the output neutral and ground wires indicates that these two wires
have been bonded together, usually at the main electrical panel. Only one bond should be made
between neutral and ground at any time. See pages 19 and 22. If a generator is present in a
permanent installation, the generator’s neutral and ground should be isolated.

terminals if using either the

GEN

) function or the Radian’s

and the

GRID

GRID

GRID

GenAlert

terminals are

terminals.

24 900-0160-01-00 Rev A

Figure 18 AC Sources

Installation

Accessory Wiring

RTS cable

telephone)

The upper board has ports for both the

See the Operator’s Manual

MATE3 or HUB cable

CAT5 non-crossover)

System Display

port

RTS port

MATE

port

Additional

Ports

When a HUB Communications Manager occupies the inverter’s Remote

The

ON/OFF INV

jumper bridges two pins. This jumper (J3) parallels the

Jumper On

Jumper Off

ON/OFF INV

Remote Temperature Sensor (RTS) and the
system display. The system display port is
labeled Remote. The RTS port is labeled
Battery Temp.

If a HUB Communications Manager is in use, it
occupies the inverter’s Remote port. The
system display plugs into the HUB product.

(RJ11, 4-conductor,

(RJ45, 8-conductor,

port, the system display connects directly to the HUB’s MATE port.

Inverters connect to communications manager ports 1 and above.
Charge controllers and other devices connect to additional ports after
the last inverter is connected. See Stacking on page 27 for information
on connecting inverters.

Figure 19 Accessory Connections

two

Switch INV

connections is closed, the inverter is on. (Although the jumper is
factory-installed to the on position, the inverter is given an off command
before leaving the factory and will initially be off.)

If the Radian is inverting, removing the

terminals on the terminal block. If either set of

jumper will turn it off. To remove the
jumper, use long-nose pliers or a
similar tool.

for functional information on the RTS.

Once the plastic
has been removed, the Switch INV
terminals on the terminal block can be
used to wire a manual on/off switch.

These terminals can also be used to
control an Emergency Power Off (EPO)
device instead of a standard switch.

Figure 20 ON/OFF Jumper and Connections

900-0160-01-00 Rev A 25

jumper

Installation

CAUTION: Equipment Damage

lack of protection is not covered by the Radian warranty.

12V AUX

Fan

AUX Wiring

The Radian inverter has two sets of terminals which can respond to different criteria and control many
functions. These include cooling fans, vent fans, load diversion, fault alarms, and the Advanced
Generator Start (AGS) function.

The

12V AUX

terminals are a switched 12 Vdc power supply. They can control any of the Auxiliary

Output functions available in the system display (MATE3).
The

12V AUX

terminals can supply up to 0.7 amps at 12 Vdc (8.4 watts). This is sufficient to drive a

small fan or a relay controlling a larger device. The terminals accept wire up to #14 AWG (0.0032 in²) or

2.5 mm². This circuit contains electronic overcurrent protection, which resets after being overloaded.
No additional fuses are required for the 12V AUX terminals.

The

RELAY AUX

terminals are “dry” relay contacts with no voltage. Their most common function is to
serve as a switch for the start circuit of an automatic generator using the generator control functions.
However, they can be programmed for other auxiliary functions as well. These terminals can conduct
up to 10 amps at up to 30 Vdc or 250 Vac.

This circuit has no overcurrent protection. A fuse of no larger than 10 amps must
be installed to protect the circuit. Since the internal circuitry of the

terminals does not incorporate overcurrent protection, it is the responsibility

AUX

of the installer to ensure the circuit is protected. Internal failure that results from

RELAY

Each set of terminals has its own set of programmed criteria.

NOTE:

independent functions. For example, the
while the

The menus for each set of terminals have identical options available, but can control

terminals can be used for generator control,

12V AUX

RELAY AUX

terminals can simultaneously be used to control a vent fan in the battery box.

The control logic for the terminals is not always located in the same device. Radian Auxiliary functions
are located within the inverter itself and are described with other inverter functions. Although
inverter-based functions require the system display for programming, they will function even if the
display is removed. However, AGS programming is located within the system display and will not
work if the display is removed. Other devices may also be able to control the terminals.
For generator control, see page 27.

In this example, the
drive a 12-volt vent fan. The + and – wires on the
fan are connected to the AUX terminals.

NOTE: If another device is used, such as a larger
fan, it must not draw more than 0.7 amps.

terminals directly

Figure 21 AUX Connections for Vent Fan (Example)

26 900-0160-01-00 Rev A

Installation

CAUTION: Equipment Damage

lack of protection is not covered by the Radian warranty.

In this example, the 12V AUX terminals drive a

relay that diverts wind power. The relay’s coil is

Relay

Element

Turbine

NOTE: Relays and elements shown are examples only

connected to the 12V AUX terminals. When the
AUX function closes the relay (based on battery
voltage), the relay diverts the excess wind power
to a water heating element.

and may vary depending on the installation.

Figure 22 AUX Connections for Diversion (Example)

Generator Control

Either set of Radian AUX terminals can provide a signal to control an automatic-start generator.
The control function can be

Advanced Generator Start

AGS can start the generator using settings from the system display, or it can use battery readings from
the FLEXnet DC battery monitor. Alternately, the control function can be
function based directly in the Radian inverter.

The choice of control function depends on system needs and the capabilities of each device.

The generator must be an electric-start model with automatic choke. It is recommended to have
“two-wire” start capability.

The

RELAY AUX

terminals can most easily perform two-wire generator start. A two-wire-start
generator is the simplest type, where the cranking and starting routine is automated. It usually has a
single switch with two positions that is turned ON to start, OFF to stop.

Two-Wire-Start (RELAY AUX Terminals)

The

RELAY AUX

This method is only advised if the generator’s starting circuit is triggered by continuity. (This circuit
must use fewer than 10 amps.)

terminals can be wired in place of the generator’s start switch as shown in Figure 23.

(AGS), which is situated in the system display.

Gen Alert

, which is a simpler

This circuit has no overcurrent protection. A fuse of no larger than 10 amps must
be installed to protect the circuit. Since the internal circuitry of the
terminals does not incorporate overcurrent protection, it is the responsibility of

900-0160-01-00 Rev A 27

the installer to ensure the circuit is protected. Internal failure that results from

RELAY AUX

Installation

Starting

Switch

Two-Wire-Start

Generator

Starting

Generator

Battery

Relay

Relay

Two-Wire-Start

12V AUX Terminals

In other cases, or in the case of a three-wire-start generator, the inverter should use the

12V AUX

terminals instead, in conjunction with a three-to-two wire converter. (See pages 28 and 29.)

Figure 23 Two-Wire Generator Start (RELAY AUX)

Two-Wire-Start (12V AUX Terminals)

The 12 Vdc signal provided by the

12V AUX

signal. It is not usually recommended to connect the
use the

12V AUX

terminals to energize the coil of a 12 Vdc automotive or similar relay.

terminals can be switched on and off to provide a start

terminals directly to the generator, but to

AUX

The OutBack FLEXware Relay Assembly depicted in Figure 24 is sold for this purpose. The relay
contacts can serve in place of the generator’s start switch. The battery shown below is depicted for
clarity. Usually it is part of the generator’s internal starting circuit and is not an external component.

The drawing below is one example of a possible arrangement. Specific arrangements, relays, and
other elements depend on the requirements of the installation and of the generator.

Coil

Contacts

Terminals

Generator

28 900-0160-01-00 Rev A

Figure 24 Two-Wire Generator Start (12V AUX)

Installation

Atkinson

GSCM-Mini

Three-Wire-Start

12V AUX Terminals

Three-Wire-Start

A “three-wire-start” generator has two or more starting circuits. It usually has a separate switch or
position for cranking the generator. A three-wire generator has fewer automated functions than a
two-wire. It usually requires multiple controls for starting, running, or stopping. The inverter
terminals cannot control this type of generator without using a three-wire to two-wire conversion kit.

Atkinson Electronics

(http://atkinsonelectronics.com)

is one company that makes these kits. The

Atkinson GSCM-Mini is intended to work with OutBack inverters.

NOTE:

The

12V AUX

If the

AUX

The conversion kit requires a 12-volt signal which the

RELAY AUX

terminals may be used to operate the conversion kit, as shown in Figure 25 .

terminals are being used for another purpose, it may be necessary for the

terminals cannot provide.

RELAY AUX

terminals to control an external relay and 12-volt source in conjunction with the conversion kit. The
wiring and requirements for this arrangement will depend on the circumstances.

900-0160-01-00 Rev A 29

Generator

Figure 25 Three-Wire Generator Start (Example)

Installation

NOTES:

30 900-0160-01-00 Rev A

Installation

AC Configurations

1. The Radian inverter has separate neutral connections for grid input, generator input, and output. These are electrically common. If an

2. Maintenance bypass switching assemblies are commonly used so that the inverter can be taken offline, if necessary, withou

NOTES:

Single-Inverter

Figure 26 (below) shows the general wiring of the Radian inverter and the AC system connected to it.
This figure is not a physical representation of the inverter and does not depict the GSLC.

Figure 27 (see next page) shows the locations of AC and network connections. This figure is a physical
diagram for wiring the GSLC, network components, and external AC devices with the inverter.



All overcurrent devices in permanent installations must be sized for 50 Aac or less.



All wiring in permanent installations must be sized for 50 Aac or more.



All output circuit breakers must be sized appropriately for loads and inverter wattage.



The Radian inverter has wiring connections for two AC sources, but it can only accept one source at a time.

external neutral bus exists (as shown in the AC Load Panel above), not all of the Radian neutral connections need to be made.

down the entire system. These assemblies usually include an interlock mechanism that isolates AC lines from each other. This figure
shows the general design of a bypass system.

900-0160-01-00 Rev A 31

Figure 26 Single-Inverter AC System

t shutting

Installation

1. Ground wiring is not shown for reasons of simplicity. Regardless, this system must be connected to a grounded, permanent wiring

2. The Radian inverter has separate neutral connections for grid input, generator input, and output. These are

3. The GSLC AC circuit breakers are designed as a maintenance bypass switching assembly. The assembly can be used so that the inverter

NOTES:

system. See page 19.

external neutral bus exists (as shown in the GSLC), not all of the Radian neutral connections need to be made. In this example, only the
Grid neutral terminal on the inverter is connected.

can be taken offline, if necessary, without shutting down the entire system. This figure shows the connections of a bypass system.

Figure 27 Single-Inverter AC Wiring with GS Load Center

electrically common. If an

32 900-0160-01-00 Rev A

Installation

Port 1

MATE3 Port

MATE3

HUB4

Stacking Connections

Stacking requires an







Multiple-Inverter AC Installations (Stacking)

Installing multiple inverters in a single AC system supports larger loads than a single inverter can
handle. This requires stacking. Stacking refers to how the inverters are wired within the system and
then programmed to coordinate activity. Stacking allows all units to work together as a single system.
The GS4048A and GS8048A models can stack up to ten units in parallel.

OutBack communications manager and a system display.

A system of four or fewer units may use the HUB4 Communications Manager.
A system of up to ten units requires either the HUB10 or HUB10.3 Communications Manager.
All interconnections between the products are made using CAT5 non-crossover cable.

Each inverter must be assigned a stacking mode, “master” or “slave”, depending on the configuration.



The master provides the primary output phase. Other inverters in the system base their phase on that of the
master. If the master shuts off, all other inverters also shut off.

The master must sense and connect to an AC source before other inverters can connect. In all cases, the
master inverter must be connected to port 1 on the communications manager.

In a parallel-stacked system, the master tends to be the most heavily used unit.



Only one slave mode, “OutBack”, is available for the GS8048A and GS4048A. This mode is used for inverters
stacked in parallel.

All slave inverters are in phase with the master. The slave outputs are pulse-width-matched to be precisely
synchronized with the master inverter. This avoids potential backfeed.

OutBack slaves can be placed in Power Save mode when not in use. They are activated by the master
inverter as needed. For this reason, the master is normally the only inverter to enter Search mode.

Connect all units other than the master to ports 2 and above on the communications manager.
The system display may have other port restrictions pertaining to stacking. In general, it is always
important to keep track of units and ports for programming purposes.

Programming involves using the system display to assign a status and stacking value to the inverter
on each port. The stacking assignments can be changed at any time as long as the master is
connected to port 1.

900-0160-01-00 Rev A 33

Figure 28 OutBack Communications Manager and System Display

Installation

IMPORTANT:



Neither the GS8048A nor the GS4048A can stack with the previous model GS8048.
The GS8048 can share a HUB product with the others if it is wired independently.



The GS8048A can be stacked with the GS4048A using HUB products. To optimize

the Power Save function, GS4048A inverters should have higher rank numbers than
any GS8048A inverter. This is true regardless of the quantity of either model. In
addition, the GS4048A should not be the master inverter in a mixed system.



The master inverter must always be connected to port 1 on the communications
manager. Connecting it elsewhere, or connecting a slave to port 1, will result in
backfeed or output voltage errors which will shut the system down immediately.



Installing multiple inverters without stacking them (or stacking them incorrectly)
will result in similar errors and shutdown.



Although stacking allows greater capacity, the loads, wiring, and overcurrent
devices must still be sized appropriately. Overloading may cause circuit breakers to
open or the inverters to shut down.

34 900-0160-01-00 Rev A

Installation

Parallel Stacking (Dual-Stack and Larger)

24 kVA

8 kVA

8 kVA

120/240 Vac

8 kVA

In parallel stacking, two or more inverters are stacked to create a single, common AC bus as shown in
Figure 29.



The slave outputs are controlled directly by the master and cannot operate independently.



All inverters share a common input (AC source) and run loads on a common output.



Slave inverters can go into Power Save mode when not in use. The master will activate individual slaves
based on load demand. This reduces idle power consumption and improves system efficiency.



Up to ten inverters may be installed in a parallel arrangement. The example on this page shows three
inverters. The wiring diagrams on the next few pages show two.

Figure 30 (see page 36) shows the general wiring of the Radian inverters and the AC system connected
to them. This figure is not a physical representation of the inverters and does not depict the GSLC.

Figure 31 (see page 37) shows the locations of AC and network connections. This figure is a physical
diagram for wiring the GSLC, network components, and external AC devices with each inverter.

120/240 Vac

120/240 Vac

120/240 Vac

Figure 29 Example of Parallel Stacking Arrangement (Three Inverters)

When installing a parallel system, the following rules must be observed.



Parallel stacking requires the system display and a communications manager.



One inverter, and one inverter only, is always the master and is programmed as

Master

display. This is the default setting.



The master must be connected to port 1 of the communications manager. Other inverters must not be
selected as master.



All slave inverters, regardless of number, should be selected as



All overcurrent devices must be sized for 50 Aac or less.



All wiring must be sized for 50 Aac or more.



All output circuit breakers must be sized appropriately for loads and inverter wattage.



The AC input (generator or utility grid) must be a split-phase output at the proper voltage and frequency.



The input/output bypass kit for the GS Load Center cannot be used. See page 10 for more information.

during programming.

Slave

in the MATE3 system

900-0160-01-00 Rev A 35

Installation

1.

2. Maintenance bypass switching assemblies are commonly used so that the inverter can be taken offline, if necessary, withou

3. When multiple inverters are stacked, the GS Load Center (GSLC) for each inverter can be wi

NOTES:

The Radian inverter has separate neutral connections for grid input, generator input, and output. These are electrically common. If an

external neutral bus exists (as shown in the AC Load Panel above), not all of the Radian neutral connections need to be made.

down the entire system. These assemblies usually include an interlock mechanism that isolates AC lines from each other. This figure
shows the general design of a bypass system.

conduit box and AC load center. However, the GSLC bypass switching assemblies are only sized for single inverters and cannot work in
conjunction with each other. The GSLC bypass assemblies should not be used with multiple inverters present. (See page
external bypass assembly must be used instead. Larger external assemblies are available from other manufacturers.

red together to serve as a common input

Figure 30 Parallel Wiring

36 900-0160-01-00 Rev A

t shutting

10.) An

Installation

1. Ground wiring is not shown for reasons of simplicity. Regardless, this system must be connected to a grounded, permanent wiring

2

3

NOTES:

system. See page 19.

. The Radian inverter has separate neutral connections for grid input, generator input, and output. These are electrically common. If an

external neutral bus exists (as shown in the GSLC), not all of the Radian neutral connections need to be made. In this example, only the
Grid neutral terminal on each inverter is connected.

. The bypass assembly in each GSLC cannot be used with multiple inverters and is not depicted here. External bypass assemblies are

available from other manufacturers. See page

Figure 31 Parallel Wiring with GSLC

900-0160-01-00 Rev A 37

10.

Installation

Functional Test

Once the mounting, wiring, and other installation steps are completed, proceed to the Radian Series
Inverter/Charger Operator’s Manual. The Operator’s Manual has steps for system commissioning. These

include powering up and performing a functional test on the inverter system, as well as powering
down and adding new devices to an existing system.

Refer to the MATE3 System Display and Controller Owner’s Manual (or the appropriate system display
manual) for programming instructions and menus.

Preventative Maintenance

The Radian inverter requires almost no regular maintenance. However, OutBack recommends the
following items on a periodic basis:



Check all electrical connections periodically for tightness using the torque values from pages 19 through 22.



Check the fan screens on each module and clear them of any debris.

38 900-0160-01-00 Rev A

Symbols, Terms, and Definitions

WARNING: Hazard to Human Life

CAUTION: Hazard to Equipment

IMPORTANT:

recommendations in such a notation could result in voiding the equipment warranty.

MORE INFORMATION

Inverter/Charger Installation Manual. Another common reference is the system display manual.

Table 5 Terms and Definitions

Term

Definition

12V AUX

Auxiliary connection that supplies 12 Vdc to control external devices.

AC

Alternating Current; refers to voltage produced by the inverter, utility grid, or generator

AIC

Ampere Interrupting Capacity; the rated maximum current a circuit breaker can
interrupt without damage

AGS

Advanced Generator Start

AS

Australian Standards

DC

Direct Current; refers to voltage produced by the batteries or renewable source

DVM

Digital Voltmeter

Symbols Used

This type of notation indicates that the hazard could be harmful to human life.

This type of notation indicates that the hazard may cause damage to the equipment.

This type of notation indicates that the information provided is important to the
installation, operation and/or maintenance of the equipment. Failure to follow the

When this symbol appears next to text, it means that more information is available in other
manuals relating to the subject. The most common reference is to the Radian Series

Definitions

The following is a list of initials, terms, and definitions used with this product.

Communications
manager

Multi-port device such as the OutBack HUB4, HUB10, or HUB10.3, used for connecting
multiple OutBack devices on a single remote display; essential for stacking inverters

900-0160-01-00 Rev A 39

Terms and Definitions

Table 5 Terms and Definitions

Term

Definition

EPO

Emergency Power Off; a switching product used for emergency shutdown

GFDI

Ground Fault Detector Interruptor; a safety device for PV systems

GND

Ground; a permanent conductive connection to earth for safety reasons; also known as
Chassis Ground, Protective Earth, PE, Grounding Electrode Conductor, and GEC

Grid/Hybrid™

System technology which optimizes both grid-interactive and off-grid options

Grid-interactive,
grid-intertie, grid-tie

Utility grid power is available for use and the inverter is a model capable of returning
(selling) electricity back to the utility grid

GSLC

GS Load Center; the wiring box for the Radian (GS) inverter

HUB

A line of OutBack communications manager products

IEC

International Electrotechnical Commission; an international standards organization

MATE3

An OutBack system display, used for monitoring, programming and communicating
with the inverter

NEU

AC Neutral; also known as Common

Off-grid

Utility grid power

is not

available for use

PV

Photovoltaic

RELAY AUX

Auxiliary connection that uses switch (relay) contacts to control external devices.

RTS

Remote Temperature Sensor; accessory that measures battery temperature for charging

System display

Remote interface device (such as the MATE3), used for monitoring, programming and
communicating with the inverter; also called “remote system display”

Three-phase, 3-phase

A type of utility electrical system with three “hot” lines, each 120° out of phase;

respect to each other equaling the line voltage multiplied by 1.732

Utility grid

The electrical service and infrastructure supported by the electrical or utility company;

Neutral-to-ground
bonding

Split-phase A type of utility electrical system with two “hot” lines 180° out of phase, common in

A mechanical connection between the AC neutral (Common) bus and the ground (PE)
bus; this bond makes the AC neutral safe to handle

North America; each line typically carries 120 Vac (or the nominal line voltage) with
respect to neutral and 240 Vac with respect to each other

each carries the nominal line voltage with respect to neutral; each carries voltage with

also called “mains”, “utility service”, or “grid”

40 900-0160-01-00 Rev A

A

Index

F

AC Inputs ............................................................. 5, 18, 22, 24

AC Wiring ........................................................................ 18, 22

Advanced Generator Start (AGS) .................................. 26

Applications ............................................................................. 5

AUX ............................................................................ 17, 26, 39

B

Battery Bank............................................................................. 7

Sizing .................................................................................... 8

Bypass ..................................................................................... 10

C

Clearance ............................................................................... 11

Communication Cables .................................................... 33

Communications Manager ............................... 25, 33, 39

Components ............................................................................ 4

Conductor Size

AC Conductors ............................................................... 22

DC Conductors .............................................................. 21

Ground Conductors ..................................................... 19

Cover ....................................................................................... 16

Features .................................................................................... 3

FLEXmax ............................................................................ 4, 15

FLEXmax Extreme ............................................................... 15

Front Cover ............................................................................ 16

G

Generator ........................................................................ 24, 35

Applications ...................................................................... 5

Automatic Control ........................................................ 26

Requirements ............................................................. 9

Three-Wire ................................................................. 29

Two-W

ire ............................................................. 27, 28

Sizing.................................................................................... 9

Wiring ................................................................................ 22

GFDI ................................................................................... 19, 40

Grid-Interactive .................................................................... 40

Grounding ...................................................................... 18, 19

GSLC ............................................................... 4, 10, 12, 15, 40

H

HUB ........................................................................ 4, 15, 33, 40

D

DC Terminals ................................................................. 17, 21

DC Wiring ............................................................................... 20

Definitions ............................................................................. 39

Dimensions

Inverter ............................................................................. 11

System............................................................................... 12

Diversion Control................................................................ 27

Drawings

Multiple AC Sources .................................................... 24

Parallel-Stacked System ............................................. 35

Transfer Relay ................................................................. 24

DVM .................................................................................. 13, 39

E

Environmental Requirements........................................ 11

EPO .................................................................................... 25, 40

900-0160-01-00 Rev A 41

I

IEC ...................................................................................... 19, 40

Input Modes ............................................................................ 6

J

Jumper J3 ........................................................................ 17, 25

L

Location .................................................................................. 11

M

Maintenance Bypass .......................................................... 10

Maintenance Checks.......................................................... 38

MATE and MATE2 .................................................................. 4

Index

MATE3 ................................................................... 4, 15, 18, 40

AUX .................................................................................... 26

Stacking ............................................................................ 33

Mounting

Components ................................................................... 15

Dimensions .............................................................. 11, 12

Orientation ...................................................................... 11

Plate ............................................................................ 13, 14

Multiple AC Sources .......................................................... 24

N

Neutral-Ground Bonding ..................................... 9, 19, 22

P

Parallel Stacking .................................................................. 35

Ports, RJ45 and RJ11 ................................................... 18, 25

R

Remote System Display ................................................... 40

Remote Temperature Sensor (RTS) .................. 4, 18, 25

Renewable Energy ................................................................ 6

Ribbon Cables ...................................................................... 17

S

Stacking .................................................................................. 33

Parallel .............................................................................. 35

Switch ............................................................................... 17, 25

Symbols Used ....................................................................... 39

System Display .................................................. 4, 25, 35, 40

T

Temperatures ....................................................................... 11

Terms and Definitions ....................................................... 39

Tools Required ..................................................................... 13

Torque Requirements

DC Terminals ................................................................... 21

Ground Terminals ......................................................... 19

Transfer Relay ....................................................................... 24

U

Utility Grid ................................................................ 24, 35, 40

Applications ...................................................................... 5

Wiring ................................................................................ 22

W

Wiring

AC Connections ...................................................... 18, 22

AUX Connections .......................................................... 26

DC Connections ............................................................. 20

Ground Connections ............................................ 18, 19

Parallel Inverters ............................................................ 35

Single Inverter ................................................................ 31

42 900-0160-01-00 Rev A

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900-0160-01-00 Rev A

THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK.

900-0160-01-00 Rev A 45

Masters of the Off-Grid.™ First Choice for the New Grid.

Corporate Headquarters

+1.360.435.6030

European Office

+49.9122.79889.0

17825 – 59th Avenue N.E.
Suite B
Arlington, WA 98223 USA

900-0160-01-00 Rev A

Hansastrasse 8
D-91126
Schwabach, Germany