Oki 182, 183 Handbook

I

IBM-COMPA

IIBLE

MICROLINE

·182 183

Printer

Handbook

SPECIAL

NOTE

This manual will help you install and

use

your

new

OKI

IBM-

compatible MICROLINE

182

or

183

printer. It contains everything

you need to

know

to

print

with

your

MICROLINE's special features.

If

you still need assistance after reading this

book,

please contact

your

dealer

for

fast, personal service.

If

your

dealer cannot answer

your

questions, please

ask

us.

Simply call

OKIDATA

GmbH

(0211-

5979401),

and

ask

for Field Support.

Every

effort

has

been made

to

ensure that the

information

in this

document

is

complete,

accurate, and

up-to-date.

OKI assumes

no

responsibility

for

the

results

of

errors

beyond

its

control.

OKI

also

cannot guarantee that changes in software and

equipment

made by

other

manufacturers, and referred

to

in this

book,

will

not

affect

the

applicability

of

the

information

is

this

book.

Copyright

1985

reproduce this

book

or

portions thereof in any form.

First edition

1985.

HUSQVARNA, BERNINA, ELNA, PFAFF, SINGER

MILFORD DISTRIBUTORS

m:

Inc

.•

Cheltenham Sewing Machines

•

Cheltenham

Motor

Mowers

293 CHARMAN ROAD, CHELTENHAM, 3192

PHONE: 5836917

MICROLINE 182/183 IBM-COMPATIBLE PRINTER

PRINTER

HANDBOOK

TABLE

OF

CONTENTS

Page

INTRODUCTION CHAPTER

1

SETTING

UP

YOUR

PRINTER

-

Connecting Your Computer ..................................... 12

Setting the Internal Switches .................................... 17

CHAPTER

2

OPERATING

YOUR

PRINTER

.................................

21

Switches, Lever, and Indicators ...............................

21

Paper Loading .......................... ,............................... 23

Installing and Using the Roll Paper

Stand

............... 27

Installing and Using the Tractor

Feed

Unit...............

30 Inserting Single

Sheets

.............................................

35

CHAPTER

3

PROGRAMMING

....................................................

37

Basic Training ..........................................................

39

If You Have a Software Package .............................

43

Programming

the

printer

........................................

45

Carriage Return and Line

Feed

............................

45

Horizontal Tabulation .........................................

46

Horizontal Tabbing .............................................

46

Line Spacing ........................................................

47

Fine Line Spacing ................................................

48

Page

Length Setting ............................................. 49

Top

of

Page

.........................................................

49

Form

Feed

...........................................................

49

Skip

Over

Perforation ..........................................

50

Changing Character Size .....................................

50

Underlining .........................................................

52

Su

perscri

pts/Su

bscri

pts

.........................................

53

Enhanced/Emphasized Printing ............................

55

Character

Sets

......................................................

56

-

Bit Image Graphics .............................................

57

Page

Screen

Dumps

...

.................. ........................ .........

57

Programming Bit Image Graphics ...... ...... ...........

61

Printing

Multiline

Graphics .................................

72

Cancel Function ..................................................

75

Line

Feed

............................................................

76

Paper

Out

.......... ................... ...............................

76

APPENDIXES

A.

~o~-~~~ati~.I.~

..

~~~.~~~~~~.:.~~~~.~~.~.i.~.~

.....................

..

77

B.

Software Notes ...............................................................

..

81

C.

I nterface Cables .............................................................. .

115

D.

ASCII Character Code Chart .......................................... ..

129

E.

Specifications .................................................................. .

137

F.

Character Code Table ....................................................

..

139

GLOSSARY

..........................................................................................

141

INDEX

.................................................................................................. 145

ii

INTRODUCTION

You

probably

want

to

set up

your

new

ML182/183

IBM-compatible

printer

quickly

and to get your computer system

working

for you.

This handbook

is

designed to help you achieve that

as

quickly

as

possible. Chapter 1 describes unpacking, testing, and connecting

your

printer

to your computer. Using the

steps

provided, you

can

be ready to

operate your printer in a matter

of

minutes.

Chapter 2 outlines

uses

of

the pushbuttons, lever, and lights, and ex-

plains various ways to load paper. Chapter 3 explains

how

you can program

your

printer for special

printing effects and

how

to

use

the control codes in a software

package. The appendixes provide more detailed information on connecting

your

computer and reference charts for quick review after you have

read

this handbook. A glossary

at

the back defines some computer

terms.

If you have questions or problems after reading this handbook, call

your

dealer for

fast,

personal service. If your dealer cannot

assist

you, please call

us:

Field

Support

OKIDATA

GmbH

Hansa-Allee 187

-

4000

DUsseldorf

11

West

Germany

Tel: 0211-59794-0

-

:""

Con

~

Z

~

c:

CHAPTER 1.

~

-

SETTING

UP

YOUR

PRINTER

-

CHAPTER 1 SETTING UP

YOUR

PRINTER

Your IBM-compatible

ML182/183

printer

is

packed

in

a protective

container along with some extra items you need. These items

include:

(1)

ML182

ACcable

~

Paper separator

Frame ground

A,

~

setscrew~

~

Platen knob

<f?>

l

Iar

power supply board

If

Spare fuses

{220

v

.....

0.63

A}

240 v

.....

0.5 A

for control board .....

1.5

A

Optional equipment available for your IBM-compatible

ML182

pritner includes:

o

Roll

paper

stand

-

Ml182/183

_______________

_

o Tractor feed

option

kit

Tractor feed

unit

Access cover

Acoustic cover

(2)

ML183

Tractor

feed

unit

Paper

separator

Access

cover

ACcable

~

Acoustic cover

Frame

ground

A

th

setscrew

~

Platen

knob

(

~for

power

supply

board

Spare

fuses:

{220 V ...

,.

0,63

A}

r

~

~'--'J

240 V 0.5 A Ribbon

cartridge

L for

control

board .....

15

A

2

____________

CHAPTER

1

SETTING

UP

Optional equipment available for both the ML182

and

ML183

include:

o

Interface

equipment

Super-Speed

(19,200

baud) RS232C serial

board

High-Speed (9,600 baud)

RS232

C serial board

(M

L 182 only)

-

Super-Speed

(19,200

baud) RS422 serial

board

High-Speed

(9,600

baud) RS422 serial

board

(ML182

only)

Current-loop

serial

board

Let's begin:

1.

Do

not

plug

in

your

printer yet. That step comes later.

-

3

-

ML182/183

________________

_

2. Remove the access cover

by

inserting

your

hand in the top

cover slot

(see

figure) and lifting off the access cover.

3.

Remove the carriage shipping restraint that keeps the

print

head

in place.

4

___________

CHAPTER

1

SETTING

UP

4.

Gently

slide

the

print

head

to

the

middle

of

the

printer

or

to

the

left

side

so

that

it

is

away from

the

rollers on

the

column

indicator

bar.

-

5

ML182/183

________________________________

__

5.

Place the black ribbon cartridge on the ribbon cartridge holder. The easiest method

is

to

tilt

the back

of

the cartridge

so

that it

slides into the area

of

the plate that

is

nearest the front

of

the

printer, then

lower

the

top

of

the cartridge (where the plastic

ribbon shield

is

located) over the

print

head. The tabs on both

side

of

the cartridge should align perfectly

with

the inserts on

-

the print head plate.

CAUTION:

Use

only genuine OKI ribbon cartridges

in

your printer.

Do

not

remove the ribbon shield.

Ribbon

cartridge

holder

6

___________

CHAPTER

1

SETTING

UP

6.

Press

gently

on

the

cartridge

until

you feel

it

snap

into

place. To

remove

the

ribbon

cartridge, make sure

the

print

head

is

away

from

the

rollers,

then

grasp

the

cartridge

on

both

sides

of

the

print

head and

lift

up.

7.

The blue lever located to the left

of

the ribbon cartridge

is

used

to adjust the print head gap for single-

or

multi-part paper.

-

When single-part paper

or

two-part paper

is

in the printer, slide

the blue lever toward the

print

head. To print on three-

or

four-

part paper, slide the lever away from the print head.

-

7

-

ML182/183

________________________________

__

8.

Put

the platen knob shaft in the hole on the right side

of

the

printer.

9.

Try

a quick self test to make sure your new printer

is

working

properly. Insert a piece

of

computer paper (with sprocket holes)

or a single sheet

of

typing paper into the printer

as

you

would

insert

it

in a typewriter. If you are unfamiliar with typewriters,

here

is

the method:

a.

Open the paper release lever by sliding

it

toward you.

b.

Insert the paper

as

far

as

you

can

into the slots provided by

the black paper guides.

-

8

-----------

CHAPTER

1

SETTING

UP

c.

Close the paper release lever.

d.

Turn the platen knob away from you to pull the paper around the platen and behind the column indicator bar.

e.

Move

the column indicator bar back onto the platen

so

that

the rollers

rest

on the paper you just inserted.

-

10. Advance the paper, using the platen knob, until 1 inch

of

paper

appears above the column indicator bar.

11. Replace the

access

cover:

a.

Insert the three tabs in the edge

of

the

access

cover into the

holes on the top front edge

of

the

printer"

b.

Lower the

access

cover onto the printer.

12. Grasp the paper and pull it through the opening

in

the

access

cover.

Use

the platen knob

if

you need more paper.

13. Insert the connector end

of

the power cord into the plug on the

left side

of

the printer back.

14. Make absolutely certain that the ON/OFF

power

toggle switch

on the side

of

the printer

is

OFF.

(A

sudden power surge

can

damage the printer.)

15. Plug the power cord into a grounded (three-pronged) electrical outlet.

CAUTION: The

printer

must be

groundedatall times. Do

not

avoid

the grounding

plug

by using a

three-to-two

prong

conversion plug.

-

9

MU82/183----------------------------------

16. To print the self test, hold

down

the

LF

(line feed) switch

(located on the front panel) and turn the power switch

ON.

When the printer turns on (indicator lights), release the

LF

switch.

17. The

following

test pattern

will

be

printed, beginning

with

a

printer revision number that

is

followed by a rolling character

pattern.

ABCJ.')f;:FGHI JKLMNOPQRSTUVWXXZ

(\l""_'

a~edefgh

ij

k

BCDEFGHI

JKLMNOPQRSTUVW.XYl

[\J

.....

_

'abcqlFfgh

ij

kl

CO(::r=S.f+I

JKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ(\

J

....

_ •

ab~defgh

i j k 1

TIl

OEFt3HIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXY,21·C\J

......

_

'abcdefgh

ij

k 1

rill",

EfGH·I

JKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYl

C\J

A

_.

abcdefgh

i j k 1 mnQ

FGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZc,j"'"

•

abcdefgh

i j k 1 r.lYi':'p

NOTE: During self test printing, the SELECT indicator is out.

-

10

___________

CHAPTER

1

SETTING

UP

18. To stop the test,

press

the

SELECT

switch (located on the front

panel)

or

turn the

power

switch OFF.

After the printer

has

shown that

it

is

in operating order, you are

ready to connect

your

computer. First, you need

an

interface cable.

-

If

you

don't

have one,

see

your

computer dealer or,

if

you have the

equipment, make

your

own

cable using the instructions in

Appendix

-

C.

-

11

Ml182/183

________________

_

CONNECTING

YOUR

COMPUTER

You should have either a parallel or serial interface cable to connect

your

computer to

your

ML

182 IBM-compatible printer. Before you

connect the cable, make sure both printer and computer

power

is

OFF.

Connecting a Parallel Interface

1.

Insert the 36-pin

plug

in the appropriate receptacle toward the

right side

of

the printer back.

If no frame ground

(FG)

included in

your

interface cable, con-

nect a frame ground

wire

from the

computer

to the frame

ground connection hole at the back

of

the printer using the

setscrew attached to the printer.

-

.•

~

r:

Frame.

...........

~grounl\l

~..

.

.•.•........ . c.

on.

n(;lctiorT

\ hole

-

\)_

\Frame

Frame.

,:..

ground ground wire

\.

:;:

s.etsorew

"':.::.-'

-

12

___________

CHAPTER

1

SETIING

UP

2. Snap the

two

wire

clips

onto

the plug.

3.

Insert the other end

of

the cable into

your

computer. You may

also connect

it

to'another

peripheral device, such

as

a disk

drive,

if

your

equipment

is

designed for

"daisy-chain"

connection.

-

4. Turn on the

equipment

and try the one-line program shown

below, using the proper print statement

for

your

computer (the

example

uses

LPRINT). (Make sure you have paper and ribbon

in the printer.)

5.

Type: LPRINT "Everything's

okay"

and then run the program.

6.

Your printer should print "Everything's

okay"

at 10 characters

per inch.

NOTE: If the printer did not print, make sure you entered the program properly. Some computers require that you assign

a number

to

the printer and specify that number in

your print statement; for example

OPEN

# 3 means the printer

is

on

line # 3

to

the

computer.

7.

Now

try this program (change it,

if

necessary, to suit

your

com-

puter's requirements):

10

LPRINT "EVERYTHING'S

OKAY"

20

LPRINT "THIS LINE SHOULD

BE

SPACED 1/6"; CHR$(34);"

UNDER THE FIRST"

8. The printout should look like this:

,tVERYTHING'S

OKAY

TH

I S

LI

NE

SHOULD BE SPACED .11

E."

UNDER THE

FIRST

13

Ml182/183

________________________________

__

If

it

is

overprinted, make a small adjustment to the printer

so

that

it

automatically inserts a line feed at the end

of

a line,

-

because

your

computer does not supply the line feed.

(See

page

18 for details.)

Serial Interfaces

-

The

optional

High-Speed RS232-C serial

interface

can run

up

to

9,600

baud

using Printer

Ready/Busy

protocol.

And

the

$uper-

Speed

board

has a

maximum

speed

of

19,200

baud

with a choice

-

of

either

printer

Ready/Busy

or

X-ON/X-OFF

protocol.

Before connecting

your

interface cable, make sure both

your

printer

-

and computer are

off before inserting the cable. Important to note

if

you

are

using a serial cable, you are probably required to

use

an

OPEN and

PR

# 1 statement in BASIC programming instead

of

LPRINT. Consult

your

computer documentation for details.

Connecting a Serial Interface

1.

Insert the 25-pin plug in the receptacle at the right on the

printer back.

2. Tighten the

mounting

screw on each side

of

the connector shell

so

that

it

is

securely attached to the printer.

3. Insert the other end

of

the cable in

your

computer. You may also be able to connect the cable to another peripheral device, such

as

a disk drive,

if

your

equipment accommodates "daisy-

chain"

connection.

-

14

___________

CHAPTER

1

SETTING

UP

-

/

/'

~"W

4. Make sure you have a ribbon cartridge and paper in the printer.

5.

Turn

ON

the

power

and try this one-line program to make sure

the connection

is

correct:

LPRINT "Everything's

okay"

NOTE: Your computer may require a different

print

statement, such as PRINT # 1

or

PR

#

1.

Check your computer documentation for details.

6.

Run

the program;

your

printer should print this at 10 characters

per inch:

15

-

ML182/183---------------------------------

-

7.

Now

try this program (modify

it

to suit

your

computer

requirements):

-

LPRINT

"Everything's

okay"

LPRINT

"This

lin~

should be spaced

1/6"

under the

first"

-

8. The

printout

should

look

like this:

-

E.}:erl-yt h

i:g'~,s

o~~y

This

line

should

be

-

9. If it

is

overprinted, make a small adjustment in the printer

so

that

it

automatically inserts a line feed

at

the end

of

a line,

because your computer does not supply the line feed.

(See

page

18 for details.)

16

-

___________

CHAPTER

1

SETTING

UP

SETTING THE INTERNAL SWITCHES

Underneath the small cover on the top

of

the printer are eight

tiny

switches that

allow

you to select a specific language and to make the

printer meet the requirements

of

your

computer. This section

-

describes the switches and their factory settings.

If

you need to

change the settings,

follow

the instructions below.

17

ML182/183

________________________________

__

-

NOTE:

If

you have the optional interface board installed, this switch bank

is

located

on the lower board.

-

Switch 1 selects

either

¢/¢

or

¢/¥

character

set

in

the

location

of

I

BM

character

set

(9

B)

Hand

(9 D) H respectively,

depending

on

the

setting. Set

to

OFF,

the

printer

will

power

up

in

the

'PIC/>

character

set.

And

set

to

ON,

the

printer

will

power

up

in

the

¢/¥

character

set.

-

It

is

recommended

that

you

set

the

printer

to

print

the

character

set

you

will

be

using

most

often.

-

Switch 2

is

set in the OFF position and establishes 10

CPI

as

the

default character pitch; in the

ON

position, 17.1

CPI

is

established

as

the default character pitch.

-

Switch 3 controls the automatic line feed. It

is

set

in the OFF posi-

tion because the IBM Personal Computer automatically sends a car-

riage return

to

the printer

at

the end

of

each line.

Set

in the

ON

position, switch 3 provides automatic

double

spacing.

-

Switches 4 and 5

work

together to select the length

of

the paper in

-

the printer. The setting before shipment

is

as

follows:

11

inches for 240-V version

-

12 inches for 220-V version

The paper length selections are:

11-213

inches

8.5 inches 11

inches

12 inches

4

OFF OFF ON ON

-

OFF

ON OFF ON

-

Switch 6

is

the

automatic

"skip

over

perforation"

setting,

which

is

factory set in

the

OFF position.

When

it

is

set in

the

ON

position,

the

printer

automatically

advances

paper

from

the

last line

of

one

page

to

the

first line

of

the

skipping

over

the

perforation

between

pages.

18

___________

CHA~TER1

SETTING

UP

Switch 7 selects

the

character set. This switch

is

factory set in

the

0 N

position and establishes character set

II

as

the

default

character

set.

In

the

OFF

position, character set I

is

established

as

the

default

character

set

- Switch 8 selects a programmed memory,

which

is

an

internal

ROM

in a

CPU

or

an external ROM. The factory setting

is

for

the

external ROM.

The

factory

switch settings are:

(1)

220-V

version

SWit(:h

Selection

Se~ting

;

1

¢/¢

OFF

-

2

10

CPI

OFF

3

NO

AUTO

LF

OFF

4

12 inches

ON

5

ON

6

NO

SKIP OVER PERFORATION

OFF

7

CHAPACTER

SET

II

ON

8

128K

ROM

OFF

(2)

240-V

version

2

10

CPI

OFF

3

NO

AUTO

LF

OFF

4

11

inches

ON

5

•

OFF

6

NO

SKIP OVER PERFORATION

OFF

7

CHARACTER

SET

II

ON

8

128KROM

OFF

19

MU82/183

________________________________

_

To reset

the

switches, proceed

as

follows:

1. Make sure

the

printer

power

is

OFF

and

the

power

cable

is

unplugged.

2.

Using a phillips-head screwdriver, loosen

the

screw on

the

switch

cover at the back

of

the printer.

3.

Use

a sharp-tipped instrument, such

as

a ballpoint pen or toothpick,

to

slide the appropriate switch(es)

to a new

setting.

4. Replace the switch cover and tighten

the

screw.

-

20

CHAPTER 2.

- OPERATING YOUR

PRINTER

-

CHAPTER 2 OPERATING

YOUR

PRINTER

SWITCHES,

LEVER,

AND

INDICATORS

Before you

use

your printer, it may

be

helpful to summarize the switches, lever, and indicators on the printer and to consider the various methods

of

loading paper.

On

the front panel

of

the printer, there

are

four switches,

two

of

which

were briefly introduced in the setup procedure.

In

addition,

there

are

three indicator lights that show the status

of

the printer.

POWER Indicator:

SELECT

Switch:

SELECT

Indicator:

Indicates that

the

printer

power

is

turned

ON. Pressing this switch after the

printer

power

is

ON

places

the

printer

in deselect mode)

not

communicating

with

the computer. To return

to

select mode) simply press this switch again.

Pressing this switch also stops the self test.

Works

together

with

the

SEL

switch. Lights

when

the

printer

is

selected (ready

to

21

ML182/183---------------------------------

receive data from the printer). The indicator is

out when the printer

is

de~elected

and

duri ng self test.

TOF

Switch:

To

set

the first line position on each page

(top

of

form), deselect the printer and

press

this switch when the print head

is

at the

desired position. You can also select

17.1-character-per-inch printing

with

this

switch by

holding

it

down

when turning

printer

power

ON.

FORM

FEED

Switch:

To advance

the

paper

to

the

of

form),

press this switch

while

the

printer

is

deselected. You can also select

NLQ

(near

letter

quality,

page

76)

with

this

button.

Just

hold

down

the

FORM

FEED

button

while

you're

switching

on

the

printer.

ALARM Indicator:

Lights when paper supply

is

low

or ex-

-

hausted (unless you

use

the command to disable the alarm, described on page 75). Printing stops until the paper

~upply

is

replenished.

LINE

FEED

Switch:

If

you want to advance the paper one line,

press

this switch

while

the printer

is

deselected. It

is

also used to perform a self

test: turn

ON

the printer power

while

holding

down

this pushbutton.

The lever on the printer allows you to adjust the paper.

PAPER

LOCK/RELEASE

LEVER:

Open (slide forward) for inserting paper, for adjusting paper, and when using tractor feed computer paper. Close (slide back) for roll paper and for single sheets.

PAPER

GAP ADJUSTMENT:

Slide toward the

print

head when inserting

single sheets, and away when using

-

multipart paper.

22

___________

CHAPTER

2

OPERATION

PAPER

LOADING

You can load paper into the printer using several methods. If you have a printer stand

with

a paper slot, you can load paper through

the bottom

of

the printer.

If

the printer

is

placed on a desk

or

table,

paper can be loaded from the top, like typewriter paper.

If

you have the optional roll paper stand

or

tractor feed unit, read

the instructions

below

covering

how

to install them and

how

to load

the paper. When

you use fanfold paper, adjust the distance between the

sprocket pins at the ends

of

the platen correspond to the paper size.

You can adjust the platen pin

width

by

extending

or

compressing the

platen ends.

To move the platen end: Unsnap the lever, move the platen end to the left

or

right, then close the lever.

Bottom

Feed

Paper Loading

1

Set

the printer on a slotted printer stand, carefully aligning the

slot in the stand

with

the opening in the base

of

the printer.

2 Place the box

of

paper under the printer stand.

3 Remove the access cover and

lift

the

column

indicator bar.

4 Open the paper release lever.

23

ML182/183----------------------------------

5.

Insert the first sheet

of

paper in the opening in the bottom

of

the printer.

-

6.

Slide the paper up until it appears in front

of

the platen.

7.

Lower the column indicator bar.

S.

Close the paper release lever.

9.

Use the platen knob to advance the paper to the first printing line.

10. Replace the

access

cover.

24

____________

CHAPTER 2 OPERATION

Rear

Feed

Paper Loading:

1.

Set

the printer on a desk

or

table.

2.

Place the box

of

paper behind the printer.

-

3.

Remove the

access

cover and

lift

the

column

indicator bar.

4.

Open

the paper release lever.

5.

Insert the first sheet

of

paper in the paper guides.

6.

Push

the paper in just enough that

its

sprocket holes engage the

sprocket pins located

on

the platen ends.

7.

Turn the platen knob to advance the paper until

it

appears in

front

of

the platen.

8. Lower the

column

indicator bar.

9. Close the paper release lever.

25

ML182/183

________________________________

__

10. Use the platen knob to advance the paper to the first printing line.

11. Rep/ace the

access

cover.

-

26

____________

CHAPTER

2 OPERATION

INSTALLING

AND

USING

THE

ROLL

PAPER

STAND

1.

Remove

the

access cover.

2.

Insert

the

tabs into

the

slots

on

both

sides of

the

printer.

~~"

3.

Plug

the

roll

paper

stand

cord

into

the

connector

for

the

paper-near-end

sensor at

the

rear of

the

printer.

27

ML182/183

___

_

4.

Pull the ball arm lever forward to move the column indicator

away

from

the platen.

5.

Place

the paper release lever in the forward (open) position.

6.

Insert

the

paper shaft in the roll paper core, and

open

the

sheet

guide

of

the

roll

paper stand.

Mount

the

shaft on the

stands

so

the

grooved end

of

the

shaft fits

into

the

groove on

the

left

stand, and

the

paper rolls

from

the

bottom.

-

7.

Insert

the

paper

from

the back

of

the

platen,

making

sure its

edges lie

within

the

platen ends. (The sprocket pins

would

tear

it!)

8.

Push

the

paper in slightly.

Now

turn

the

platen

knob

to

bring

-

the

paper

to

the

front

of

the

platen.

28

------------

CHAPTER 2 OPERATION

9.

Pull

the

paper supplied

to

the

front

of

the

platen in Step 8

through

the

slit between

the

indicator

and

the

platen, align

the

front

ends

of

the

roll

paper along

the

feeder side, and

close

the

release lever.

10.

Close the bail arm lever.

-

11.

Replace

the

access

cover: Fit

the

cover tabs

into

the

slots at

the

printer

front.

the

cover carefully, making

sure

the

paper fits

into

the

slot in

the

access

cover.

12.

By

turning

the

platen

knob,

move

the

paper

to

the

point

where

you want

printing

to

start. (Remember that many

word

processing packages automatically

allow

for a top

margin

of

25.4

mm

(1

inch).)

29

ML182/183-----------------------------------

-

INSTALLING

AND

USING

THE

TRACTOR

FEED

UNIT

1.

Remove the access cover that came

with

your

printer.

2. Insert the posts in each end

of

tractor feed

unit

into the concave

of

the side frame.

3. Pull both sides

of

the tractor toward the

front

until the clamps

snap

into

both platen ends.

4. Install the paper separator

by

placing its hooks in the slots pro-

vided on the printer body.

-

30

-----------CHAPTER

2 OPERATION

5. Load the paper from the top

of

the printer,

or

load it from the

-

bottom

if

you have a slotted

print

stand.

-

31

ML182/183--

__________________________

__

6.

Adjust the left tractor

if

necessary; be sure it

is

no more than

12.7

mm

(1/2 inch) to the right

of

the left end. To move the

tractor, pull the lock lever open, slide the tractor to the desired

position, then push

it

to lock

it

in place.

7.

8.

Pull the paper under the

column

indicator and

up

to the level

of

the tractor unit.

Adjust the right tractor to the paper

width

by pulling the lock

lever open, sliding the tractor to the right

or

left (depending on

the paper size), and pushing the lock lever to lock

it

in place.

-

32

-------------CHAPTER

2 OPERATION

9. Open the sprocket covers and the paper release lever (slide forward).

-

10. Place the sprocket holes in the paper

over

the sprockets on the

tractor unit, making sure the paper

is

even.

-

33

-

ML182/183--

______________________________

__

11. Close both sprocket covers.

12. Insert the access cover.

-

34

-

-------------CHAPTER

2 OPERATION

-

INSERTING

SINGLE

SHEETS

-

1. Lift the column indicator bar.

-

2.

Raise

the paper separator

as

shown

in

the figure.

3.

Slide the sheet into the paper guides.

-

4.

Keep the paper release lever closed (slide back).

5.

Use the platen knob to advance the paper around the platen

-

and to the frist printing line.

6.

Lower the column indicator bar.

Now

you are ready

to

learn

about

programming

to

take advantage

of

the

special

printing

effects

of

your

ML182/183.

If

you

do

not

know

how

to

program, read

chapter 3 for a quick

explanation

that

may

help

you get started. If you have purchased a software package,

such

as

Lotus 1-2-3

or

WordStar, you may

find

some

pointers

in

-

chapter 3 on

how

to

program

the

IBM-compatible

ML

182/183

features

into

your

packaged software.

-

35

-

CHAPTER 3.

-

PROGRAMMING

-

CHAPTER

3

PROGRAMMING

Now

that

you

are

familiar

with

the

outside

of

the

printer,

you

can

begin

printing

documents

using

the

"default

settings"

of

the

pritner,

that

is,

the

kind

of

printing

your

ML182/183

is

set

up

to

do

when

you

turn

it

on:

Utility

mode*

10 characters per inch

6 lines per inch

Horizontal tabs at every 8th character

Vertical tabs at

l-inch

intervals

This may

be

all you ever need.

If you plan to print tables, charts, graphics,

or

documents

with

indented text, subscripts, superscripts, etc., however, you should read this

chapter

to

learn

how

and

when

to

use

the

special

printing

features.

Fi

rst,

here are the avai lable pri nti ng options:

Carriage Return: If your computer does

not

automatically add

a carriage return at the end

of

a line, you

may add one to

your

program.

Unidirectional Printing:

With

this method, characters are printed

from left to right,

which

is

useful for tables

and charts where exactness counts.

Horizontal Tabs:

Sets

tabs at predetermined intervals; perfect

for accounting reports, tables, and charts.

Left Margin Set:

Changes the left margin for indented text.

Li

ne Spaci ng: Gives you a choice

of 6 or

8 lines per inch.

Formatting:

Adjusts printing

to

a particular paper size, controls the line where printing begins, and automatically advances the paper when

less

than 1 inch remains at the bottom

of

a

page.

See

skip over perforation function.

*:NLQ mode will be selected by pushing FORM

FEED

switch during power-up.

37

M~82/183

________________________________

__

-

Skip

Over

Perforation:

If

you use fanfold paper

with

your

printer,

you may need to

use

this command to in-

struct the printer to automatically advance

the paper over the perforations.

Character Pitch: You can change from 10 to 12

or

17.1

characters per inch and you can also

double

the character

width

(10 characters per inch

to

5 characters per inch,

12

characters per

inch

to

6 characters per inch and 17.1

characters per inch

to

8.5 characters per

inch).

Enhanced/Emphasized: Prints characters in a

bolder

type,

common-

ly used

for

titles and subtitles.

Underlining:

Underlines a

word

or

group

of

words.

Character

Sets:

Choose from

two

different character

sets;

IBM character

set

either I

or

II

is

selectable

(see

page 56). There

is

also a switch selec-

tion

which

enables you to

power

up the

printer in either

set

and to establish the

default character

set.

APA Graphics:

Enables you to

draw

graphs, charts, and

pictures.

Cancel:

Clears the data in the print buffer.

What

you

do

next depends on whether you have invested in a soft-

ware package.

If

you have, skip

to

page

43

for advice on

how

to

add these features

to

your

prepackaged software.

If

you

do

not have

a software package, continue reading.

The printer

will

not

do

certain things unless you specifically tell

it

to.

You instruct the printer to change the

way

it

prints

by

sending

special codes through

your

computer.

When

you

write

a program,

you include the codes

for

printing features you

want

in

your

pro-

gram. In BASIC, for example, include them in

an

LPRINT statement.

-

38

___________

CHAPTER

3

PROGRAMMING

BASIC

TRAINING

If

you

are

familiar with programming, skip this section and go

straight to the control codes starting on page

45.

Although

we

wrote our examples in MicroSoft's BASIC programming language, the principles are similar for other languages. The examples

demonstrate

how

to

select a

few

of

your

printer's special

features and

try

them. Later

the

features are

explained

in

detail.

An

LPRI

NT

statement,

or

pri nt statement, tells the computer to

send information to the printer. Take a minute to check your BASIC maual to find

out

what form this takes in your version

of

BASIC.

Make sure

your

printer

is

ready to print (ribbon in, paper loaded,

power

ON,

SEL

indicator lit) and experiment a little

with

the print

commands.

1.

Type the

following

one-line program:

10

LPRINT

"WHO

YOU

GONNA CALL?"

2.

Press

ENTER,

then

RETURN

or

CR.

3.

The printer springs into action, printing this on the paper.

39

-

ML182/183

________________

_

-

Computers cannot understand letters. They

use

only

numbers, more

specifically, binary numbers

(1

s and

as).

When carrying

out

an

-

LPRINT command, the computer

s.ends

the printer a code number

for each character (letter, symbol, punctuation mark)

within

the

-

quotation marks.

As

the printer receives each number,

it

prints the

-

dot

pattern associated

with

that number.

The American Standard Code for Information Interchange (before

-

known

as

ASCII)

is

the standard code

used

by

computers. Appendix

D gives the

ASCII

code numbers along

with

their hexadecimal,

-

binary, and decimal equivalents. You

can

enter these

ASCII

numbers

directly in your LPRINT statement by using the CHR$ (Character

-

Stri

ng)

function.

-

The CHR$ command

sends

the

ASCII

command in parentheses to

the printer.

For

example,

we

can

write a program this way:

-

LPRLI;:-lT·

CHR$(79);CH R$(75);CHR$(73);CHR$ (68);CHR$(65);

CHJ!$<84);

OtfR$

(65) .

;,:::",;'..

...

,)h

-

This

is

obviously a tedious way to write, but you need to understand

-

the concept when you

want

to

use

certain commands.

Keep in mind that there

is

a big difference between

ASCII

code

-

numbers and numbers that

are

printable characters.

For

example,

if

you want to print the number 1 using

an

LPRINT statement, you

-

would

type this:

-

LPRJ,,Il>jTCHR$(49)

You can also print numbers and symbols by putting them

within

-

quotes, like this:

-

[PRINT"1

"

So

far,

we have discussed printable characters, ASCII codes located

-

between decimal 32 and decimal 127. Non-printable codes, located between a and 31,

do

not tell the printer to print something. They

instruct the printer

how

to print something. The ASCII chart in the

back

of

this handbook shows that these codes have abbreviations,

such

as

FF

and

US.

Some

of

these abbreviations make

sense

(FF,

for

instance, stands for form feed) but others

do

not unless you

are

a

telecommunications expert.

-

40

__________

CHAPTER

3

PROGRAMMING

Let's try a few, starting

with

the ASCII non-printable code

US.

When

the

printer

receives

the

SO

command,

it

will

print

the

with

double

width.

10

LPRINT

"HELLO"

20

LPRINT CHR$(14);"HELLO"

Now

run the program. This

is

what you should get:

rt.e:(.l.O

HELLO

ASCII code

SO

is

non-printable,

so

you must

use

the decimal or hex-

adecimal form

of

the command

within

a CHR$ statement. Nothing in

quotes

will

work. Like most commands that change the way the

printer

is

printing, the

SO

(double width) command remains in effect

until either the end

of

a line

is

reached

or

you send a command to

cancel it.

See

what happens

if

you run the sample program a second

time:

HELLO

41

ML182/183

________________

_

-

The second time, the first

line

is

printed standard

width.

Because the

SO

command

is

not

in effect

by

the end

of

a line. To return to stan- -

dard size

printing

(10 characters per inch) you have

to

put

in

CHR$(30),

like

this: -

-

20

LPRINT CHR$(14);"HELLO";CHR$(20) " U U U HELLOW

AGAIN"

-

NOTE: U means space.

That

is

what

you

should get:

-

flfEL

LO

-

M.ELLO

HELLO·

H~H.~

N

-

To

avoid

any unpleasant surprises,

you

may

want

to insert codes at

-

the end

of a document

to

cancel

whichever

feature(s) you selected

and

to

reset the

printer

to the normal startup

condition.

-

ESCape Sequences

-

Many

of

your

IBM-compatible

MICROLIN E182/183

printer's

special

printing

features

are

controlled

by a combinaton

of

ASCII

codes

beginning

with

the

non-printable

code,

ESC.

Commonly

called

an

ESCape

sequence,

this

alerts

the

computer

to

interpret

the

number

as

part

of

an

instruction,

not

as a printable

character.

-

For

example,

if

you

want

to

put

tab

stops

at

every

fifth

column,

you

would

use

the

ESCape

sequence

ESC

D (5)

NULL.

(5)

is

binary.

-

Looking

at

the

ASCII

chart

on

page 129, this

is

how

you

would

change

the

horizontal

tab

command

into

BASIC:

-

42

----------

CHAPTER

3

PROGRAMMING

10

LPRINTCHR$(27);CHR$(6'S);CliR$(f2);

or

10

LPRINT CHR$(27);/lA";CHR$(12)

This

is

just a

quick

overview

to

help

you get started

with

programm-

ing;

obviously

this

is

not all you need to know.

As

you become

more experienced

with

this handbook, you

will

find some shortcuts

and tricks

to

make programming even easier.

We

hope

we

have

given you enough information to get you started.

IF

YOU

HAVE A SOFTWARE PACKAGE

Software packages make the printer's special features, such

as

smaller

type fonts, subscripts, underlining, etc., much easier to

use.

To add

the features

to

your

package,

read

your

software documentation for

instructions, paying particular attention

to

any

limitations-for

exam-

ple, some software packages let you select a printing feature

for

an

entire document

but

do

not

allow

you

to

change features

within

a

document.

Other

packages may not accept the page formatting com-

mands, such

as

horizontal

tabs,

which

are

available

with

your

printer.

When

you

install

your

package,

you

probably

need

to

select

the

features

you're

going

to

be

using

from a list

called a "menu."

Several

software

packages

actually

list

names

of

printers

on

the

menu,

so

that

all

you

need

to

do

is

select

the

IBM

Graphic/5152

printer

from

that

list-the

software

package

will

then

automatically

use

the

commands

for

your

printer.

If

they

aren't

on

the

menu,

pick

the

closest general

description;

"Teletype

printer

that

doesn't

backspace"

is

often

the

best.

With

some

software

packages, such

as

WordStar'",

you

can easily

modify

or

install

your

program

to

accept

your

printer's

commands

by

inserting

codes

into

the

program. Still

other

software

packages

let

you

embed

commands

within a document

itself

by

preceding

the

command

with

"/OUT"

or

something

similar. VisiCalc'"

is a popular

package

that

provides a "setup"

option

as

part

of

the

printing

procedure-

you

simply

specify

at

the

beginning

of a document

what

printing

features

you

will

be

using.

43

ML182/183--

______________________________

_

-

If

your

computer

is

equipped

with

BASIC, you have

an

alternative to

selecting features. After you load BASIC, run a simple one-

or

two-

-

line program telling the printer to change a feature(s).

Without

turning

the printer off, load and run

your

software package.

-

For example, suppose you wanted to

print

at 12 characters per inch:

-

1.

Load BASIC

-

2. Type the command: LPRINT CHR$(18)

-

NOTE:

You

do not have

to

know

how

to

program

to

do

this, but be sure to check

your computer documentation to see what statement to use

(we

use

LPRINT)

before

each command. Not all versions

of

BASIC are the

same.

-

3.

Press

ENTER,

then RETURN or

CR.

-

4.

Without

turning the printer off, enter

your

software package.

What

you just typed causes the computer to send a command to the

printer to go into 12 characters per inch mode.

When

you load and

run

your

software, all printing thereafter

will

be at 12 characters per

inch until you turn the printer

off

or

send a command to change the

characters per inch setting.

-

There

is

one

exception to this method, however: You cannot

use

this

method

if

your

computer

sends

an

"I-Prime"

signal before you load

-

a program. An

"I-Prime"

signal

is

sent by some computers to cancel

any special commands that were previously in effect

so

that you can

-

start fresh

with

each

new

document.

-

Basically

if

you are using a software package, just

follow

the instruc-

tions in the software manual

or

ask

your

dealer for the OKI

USERS

TIP that can help you. OKI publishes these instructions to make

set-

ting up and using various popular software packages

with

OKI

printers much easier.

-

44

--------

CHAPTER

3

PROGRAMMING

THE

M1182

For each printing feature explained in this chapter,

we

list three

dif-

ferent forms

of

each code

as

follows:

ESC

1

CHR$(27);CHR$(49)

1 B

31

Standard

Decimal code

Hexadecimal code

abbreviation in

presented in the

used by some

ASCII-used for

format most often

software packages

reference

used. A variation

to

enter

printing

of

the same

commands. A

command

is

variation

of

the same

CHR$(27);"1

II

command

is

CHR$

(&H1

B);

CHR$(&H31 )

CARRIAGE RETURN

AND

LINE

FEED

HexGl(leti

maf

CR

CHR$(13)

00

Carriage return tells the printer to

print

the line

of

data and returns

the

print

head to the left side

of

the page. IBM

PC

adds a line feed

after a carriage return unless 128

is

added to the command. If you

send a CHR$(141), therefore the result

is

a carriage return only.

'HexadeCimal

','

LF

CHR$(10)

OA

VT

CHR$(ll

)

OB

Line feed advances the paper one line; line spacing

is

1/6 inch

unless it

is

reset

using the command on page

47.

45

Ml182/183

________________

_

-

HORIZONTAL

TABULATION

ASCII

ESC

DO

CH

R$(2

7);CH R$(68);CH

R$(O)

1 B 44 00

-

Horizontal tabs

are

set

at

every 8th character when power

is

first

-

switched

ON.

To eliminate the tab settings,

use

the

ESC

D 0

command.

-

HORIZONTAL

TABBING

-

ASCII Decimal

Hexadecimal

-

HT

CHR$(9)

09

-

Advances to the next tab position which occurs every 8th character. The command

is

ignored

if

it exceeds the right margin

or

the max-

imum number

of

settings.

10

LPRI NT CH R$(27);CH R$(9);CH

R$(1

0);

20

LPRINT CHR$(9);"TAB"

-

30 LPRINT CHR$(9);"TAB

AGAIN"

-

TAB

AGAIN

-

46

__________

CHAPTER 3 PROGRAMMING

LINE SPACING The

default

line spacing for the

IBM-compatible

ML182/183

printer

is

6 lines

per

inch. This means

that

when

the

printer

power

is

turned

on,

the

spacing

from

the

bottom

of

one

line

to

the

bottom

of

the

on

the

same page

is

automatically

set

to

1/6

inch.

This

is

also

the

normal

spacing

of

a standard

typewriter.

You

can

change the line spacing to 8 lines per inch to fit more lines

of

printing per page, and for special effects, you

can

also vary line

spacing in multiples

of

1/72

or

1/126 inch. This affects space be-

tween lines only, not the height

of

the characters.

ASCII

DeCimal

Hexadecimal

ESC

0

CHR$(27);CHR$(48)

1 B 30

The

ESC

0 command

sets

line spacing to 1/8 inch.

ASCII

Decimal

Hexadecimal

ESC

1

CH

R$(2

7);CH R$(49)

1 B

31

The

ESC

1 command

sets

line spacing to 7/72 inch.

ASCII Decimal

Hexadecimal

ESC

An

CHR$(27);CH R$(65);

lB41

01-55

CHR$(l - 85)

The

ESC

A command

is

a user-selectable line space setting that

enables you to choose a setting in increments

of

1/72 inch. You

can

select a maximum line space setting

of

85/72 inches, which

is

the

equivalent

of

one printed line every 1-13/72 inches.

ASCII

.:..

Decimal

.....

Hexadeci mal

ESC

2

CH

R$(2

7);CH R$(50) 1 B

32

47

ML182/183

________________________________

__

The

ESC

2 command implements the line spacing set by the

ESC

A

command. Should no

ESC

A command precede the

ESC

2 command,

the default line spacing

(6

LPI)

will

be activated by the

ESC

2

command.

FINE

LINE SPACING

ASCII

ESC

3 n CHR$(27);CHR$(51

);

1 B

33

01-FF

CHR$(l

- 255)

The

ESC

3 command

is

a user-selectable line space setting command

that lets you shoose a setting in increments

of

1/216 inch. You can

select a

maximum

line space setting

of

255/216 inches,

which

is

the

equivalent

of

one printed line every 1-39/216 inches.

(See

NOTE).

ASCII

DeCimal

dttRe~ad~cimal;

ESC

J n

CHR$(27);CHR$(74);

1 B

4A

01-FF

CHR$(l

- 255)

The

ESC

J command allows you to interrupt the

set

line spacing and

reset the line spacing for a single line to a

multiple

of

1/216 inch.

You

can

select a

maximum

space setting

of

255/216 inches,

which

is

the equivalent

of

a 1-39/216 inches line space.

Upon

receipt

of

the

ESC

J command, the printer prints

out

the line containing the command and advances the paper the distance specified by the command. Line spacing then returns to the previous setting, and the printer continues to print.

(See

NOTE).

NOTES

TO

ESC 3 AND ESC

J:

The

standard IBM printer advance is expressed in

multiples

of

11216 inch. IBM-compatible MICROLINE hardware performs

paper

advances in multiples

of

1/144

inch rather than 11216 inch; therefore, MICROLINE

software automatically multiplies the

number

specified in ESC 3 and

ESC

J statements

by

2/3

to perform the most precise IBM emulation.

-

48

__________

CHAPTER

3

PROGRAMMING

If the multiples specified in

your

ESC

3 or

ESC

J statements are not

evenly divisible

by

3, fine line spacing may

be

slightly more

or

slightly

less

than you specified.

If

the number you selected leaves a

remainder

of

1 when it

is

divided by 3, spacing

will

be slightly

less

than specified. If the number you selected leaves a remainder

of

2,

spacing

will

be slightly more than specified.

When

the number you

select

is

evenly divisible

by

3, fine line spacing

is

always exact.

The

ESC

A line spacing selection,

which

selects line spacing in

multiples

of

1/72 inch,

is

always absolutely precise.

PAGE

LENGTH SETTING

,

DEkimal

ESC

C n(n)

CH

R$(2 7);CH

R$(79);"67"

1 B 43 01-FF

CHR$(l

-127)

The

printer

page length set

is

user selectable in

either

inch

or

line

increments

where n is

either a two

or

three

digit

number. Selectable

line

length

settings range

between 1 to

127;

selectable inch

length

settings range

between 1 to

22. The

line

length

default

setting

is

66

lines

per

page

(11

inches)

with

a 6

LPI

line

spacing. You can also set

page length usig

the

internal

switch

settings (see page

17).

TOP OF

PAGE

ESC

S

CH

R$(2 7);CH R$(53) 1 B 35

The top margin on a page

can

be

set

by issuing this command.

Wherever the print head

is

at

the time this command

is

given

will

be

the first printing line. You

can

also

set

the top

of

page using the TOF

switch on the outside panel

(see

page 22).

FORM

FEED

Hexadecimal

FF

CHR$(12)

OC

49

-

ML182/183--

______________________________

__

Prints the data in the print buffer, returns the carriage, then advances the paper to the top margin

of

the next page.

NOTE

TO

TRS-80 OWNERS: This command

is

not valid with your computer.

SKIP

OVER PERFORATION

ASCII

ESC

N n

Decimal

Hexadeci mal

CHR$(27);CHR$(78);

1B2553n

CHR$(n)

(1

-127)

(01-FF)

If

n

is

any value between 1 and 127, the printer automatically ad-

vances to the top margin

of

the next page when there

is

only

1 inch

left

at

the bottom

of

a page. (This command

is

ignored

if

the value

of n is

more than page length.)

To stop the printer from automatically skipping to the next page (for

roll paper

or

forms longer than

12

inches),

11

equals

o.

In

BASIC format, the value

of

n must appear in a CHR$ statement.

CHANGING

CHARACTER

SIZE

ASCII

DC2

(10

CPI)

ESC

(12

CPI)

SI

(17.1

CPI)

SO

(double width)

DC4

(cancels

double

width

before line end)

ESC

W 1

(turns

double

width

on

permanently) ESC

W 0

(turns

double

width

off

permanently)

Decimal

18 27 58 15

14

20

27

87

49

27

87 48

Hexadecimal

12 1 B

3A OF OE 14

1 B 57

31

1 B 57 30

-

50

__________

CHAPTER

3

PROGRAMMING

The character size switches to 10 characters per inch

(CPI)

after the printer receives the DC2 command. The character size becomes 12 CPI

when the

ESC:

command

is

received and 17.1

CPI

when the

51

command

is

received.

NOTE:

When

the

power

is

turned on while the

TOF

switch

is

depressed, the printer

is

set to 17.1

CPl.

You

can also set the printer to 17.1 CPI at power ON by setting

internal switch

2 to the condensed print mode.

The

printer will print in 17.1

CPI

until

power is turned OFF

or a command

is

sent to change the character size.

You can

double

the

width

of

10-, 12-, and 17.1-CPI print by insert-

ing the

US

command after the character size you want doubled. This

command doubles the size

of

characters that

follow

the command

on one line. The DC4 command can also

be

implemented on the

same line

as

an

SO

command. The DC4 command cancels double-

width

printing before the end

of

a line. This enables you to em-

phasize specific words

or

characters

within

a single line, and to

automatically return to your preselected type size.

The

ESC

W 1 and

ESC

W 0 commands override both DC4 and

SO

commands, and can

be

utilized to either permanently

implement

or

cancel

double-width

printing

within

a program

or

document. The

ESC

W 1 command implements

double-width

printing; the

ESC

W 0

command cancels it. Character size can be changed in the

middle

of

a line unless

your

software package does

not

allow

you to

do

that. The table

below

in-

dicates the

maximum

number

of

characters per line in each character

size:

Maximum

Characters'~~t'l]ii~~

Size

ML182

MLla:J

10

CPI

DC2

80

136

12

CPI

ESC:

96

163

17.1 CPI

51

132

233

5

CPI

DC2

SO

40

68

6

CPI

ESC:

SO

48

81

8.5

CPI

51

SO

66

116

NOTE: Some forms

of

BASIC will

not

allow you to print more than

80

characters on

a line. Check your BASIC manual to see

if

you can override this limitation by using a

WIDTH

statement.

51

ML182/183--------

________________________

__

-

10

LPRINT CHR$(18);"PICA

pica

10

cpi"

20 LPRINT CHR$(27);"ELITE

elite

12

cpi"

30 LPRINT CHR$(15);"CONDENSED

condensed

17

cpi"

40 LPRINT CHR$(18);"Back to

10

cpi"

50 LPRINT CHR$(14);"Double

pica"

60 LPRINT CHR$(27);"CHR$(14);"Double

elite"

-

70

LPRINT CHR$(15);CHR$(14);"Double

condensed"

-

leA

pica

E~~TE'l'lte

12

cpi

tfJtJENsEu'co~

11

cpi

ilack

to

10

mpi

D~··

...

'7'-

btl.

4!9

P.··:i.·~~"

-

.I)dI'ub

1.e

e

1.

i

t·~p

'>Double

condensed

-

UNDERLINING

-

~SClI

·'D

·······1··

;

eCll"lll~.

ESC

-1

CH

R$(2

7);CH R$(45) ;CH R$(l) 1 B

2D

01

ESC

-n

I CH

R$(2

7);CH R$(45);CH

R$(O)

1 B

2D

00

(n: even)

52

__________

CHAPTER

3

PROGRAMMING

Use the

ESC

-n

(n:

odd) command to start

underlining a word

or

group

of

words. Use the

ESC

-n

(n:

even) command to stop underlin-

ing. The printer

will

continue to underline until the command

is

given to stop

it

(either

ESC

-n

(n:

even)

or

the printer

is

powered

down). (Because the underline

is

drawn by the ninth dot, the last

dot

in some descender characters

will

be overlapped.)

Underlining

under the spaces designated by horizontal tabs

is

available also.

10

LPRINT

"This

line

isn't

underlined"

20

LPRINT CHR$(27)"-";CHR$(1);"but

this

line is

underlined."

30

LPRINT CHR$(27)"-";CHR$(0);"This line

isn't

underlined."

This

line

isn't

underlined

but

this

line

is

underlined.

This

line

isn't

underlined.

SUPERSCRIPTS/SUBSCRIPTS

ASCII

Decimal

ESC

SO

CHR$(27);CHR$(83); CHR$(O)

ESC

Sl CHR$(27);CHR$(83);

CHR$(1)

ESC

T

CHR$(27);CHR$(84)

Hexadecimal

1 B 58

00

1 B 58

01

1 B 54

53

Ml182/183

________________________________

__

If you

want

to

print

superscript characters (characters appearing

above the normal

print

line), send the

ESC

SO

command before the

characters, symbols, or word(s)

you

want

printed in superscript. To

return to printing on the normal

print

line,

use

the

ESC

T command.

If you

want

to

print

subscript characters (characters appearing

below

the normal print line),

use

the

ESC

51

command before entering the

characters. To return

to

printing on the normal print line,

use

the

ESC

T command.

Superscript and subscript characters are printed in normal characters.

NOTE: Printing returns

to

the normal line when ESC

SO

is used

to

cancel subscript

or ESC

ST

is used to cancel superscript.

10 LPRINT

"This

is a ";

20

LPRINT CHR$(27);"S";CHR$(0);"superscript"

30 LPRINT

CHR$(27);"T";"This

is

a"; 40 LPRINT CHR$(27);"S";CHR$(1);"subscript" 50 LPRINT

CHR$(27);"T";"This

is

back

to

normaL"

This

i1:>

a _

....

"._

....

_o

....

,,,.~

This

is

a

_ub_e

....

'"._

This

is

back

to

norMal.

-

54

__________

CHAPTER

3

PROGRAMMING

ENHANCED/EMPHASIZED PRINTING

ASCII

Decimal

Hexadecimal

ESC

E

CHR$(27);CHR$(69) 1 B 45

ESC

F

CH R$(2 7);CH R$(70) 1 B 46

ESC

G CHR$(27);CHR$(71 )

1 B

47

ESC

H

CHR$(27);CHR$(72) 1 B 48

Enhanced printing provides a deeper resolution

of

each character

because each

dot

contained in a normal character

is

doubled ver-

tically, creating a darker impression. The

ESC

G command

is

a good

feature to

use

for headlines and subtitles and can be

used

in con-

junction

with

double-width

characters.

Emphasized printing, obtained by entering the

ESC

E command,

causes each character to be

doubled

horizontally, creating a bolder

image for titles, subtitles,

or

emphasizing word(s)

within

a document.

To return to the normal character

set

from emphasized mode, enter

the

ESC

F command. To return to the normal character

set

from

enhanced mode, enter the

ESC

H command. Neither feature

is

available for subscripts

or

superscript characters nor in line graphics.

Emphasized and enhanced printing can also

be

done

simultaneously

for special effects.

10 LPRINT CHR$(27);CHR$(71);"ENHANCED" 15

LPRINT CHR$(27);CHR$(72)

20

LPRINT CHR$(27);CHR$(69);"EMPHASIZED"

25

LPRINT CHR$(27);CHR$(70)

30

LPRI NT CH R$(27);CH

R$(71

);CH R$(27);CH R$(69);

"ENHANCED/EMPHASIZED"

35

LPRINT CHR$(27);CHR$(72);CHR$(27);CHR$(70)

55

-

ML182/183----------------------------------

fiNHANCED

EMPHA$:IZIlD

ENHANCE

·

D.I.~fIliD

...

..

"

~,'V~

",)-":'f'

CHARACTER

SETS

i

-

Decimal,

ESC

6

CHR$(27);CHR$(54);

1 B

36

II

-

ESC

7 CHR$(27);CHR$(55); 1 B

37

If you

use

Spanish for all

your

documents. It

is

better to make the

-

selection on the internal switches

(see

page 17)

so

that the printer

-

normally

uses

that language.

-

56

__________

CHAPTER

3

PROGRAMMING

BIT

IMAGE

GRAPHICS

Hexadecimal

ESC

K

CH

R$(2

7);CH R$(75) 1 B

4B

ESC

L

CHR$(27);CHR$(26)

1 B

4C

ESC

Y

CH

R$(2

7);CH

R$(89)

1 B

59

ESC

Z

CH

R$(2

7);CH

R$

(90)

1 B

SA

Using bit image graphics, you can

draw

almost any kind

of

illustration

with

your printer.

Bit image graphics

mode

enables

your

printer

to

"draw"

almost any

kind

of

illustration by

printing a dot

at any location

on

the page. Your

IBM-compatible MICROLINE will

work

properly

with

any graphics

software package designed

for

the I

BM

Personal

Computer

and

IBM

Graphics Printer.

No

software modification

is

required; images will be

printed

without

distortion.

If you have IBM DOS 2.0, you

can

use

a software package (or

BASIC commands such

as

CIRCLE,

LINE, and DRAW) to create

an

image on the display screen (your software

or

BASIC manual

will

ex-

plain how), then

"dump"

it onto the

page

via the

Prt

Sc

command

key on your computer. The next section, "Screen

Dumps,"

gives

some examples.

The section called "Programming Bit Image Graphics" explains

what

you need

to

know

in

order

to

write

your

own

graphics programs in

BASIC

without

using the screen

dump

method.

SCREEN

DUMPS

This IBM Personal Computer feature lets you print a reproduction

of

any image on your display screen. Simply

press

the SHIFT key and

the Prt

Sc

key

at

the

same

time; whatever

is

on the screen

will

be

printed on the

page.

57

MU82/183----------------------------------

This section gives examples

of

the screen

dump

feature.

In

the first

example,

we

use

the

"pie

chart"

program on

your

Supplemental

-

DOS disk, and in the second,

we

create a design

with

BASIC

graphics commands.

NOTE: You must have DOS

2.0

to

use the Prt Sc key for screen dumps. Before you

try the examples, follow these steps:

-

1. Place the IBM DOS

2.0

disk in drive A and the Supplemental

DOS disk in

drive B of

your

computer.

-

2.

"Boot"

the system.

3. When the

prompt

sign

("A>")

appears, type:

'1~'HICSl,,~·CR

>

-

("<CR>"

indicates pressing the Enter key,

which

is

marked

with

an

angled arrow.)

4.

When

you

see

the prompt sign again, type:

BASICA'<:CR>

.

EXAMPLE

1:

Pie

Chart

When you

see

the

prompt

again after

following

the steps above,

type:

-

When the prompt returns, type:

<CR>

-

The program

will

tell you

how

to enter information, and when you

-

finish, the pie chart

will

appear on the screen. Then just

press

both

the SHIFT and the Prt

Sc

keys at the same time. That

is

all you need

to do. The printer

will

print the chart on the paper,

which

should

look

something like the figure on next page.

-

58

__________

CHAPTER 3

PROGRAMMING

!PRIRTEMJ

~.~

....

??

Anothe~

Cha~t?

<y

o~

N)

FIGURE 1

Example

2:

BASIC

Graphics

In

this example,

we

use

the

DRAW

statement in

IBM

BASIC

to

create a pattern on the screen and then pri nt it out.

Other

statements

you can

use

include CIRCLE and LINE;

see

your

IBM

BASIC manual

for

details

of

how

these statements

work.

Keep in

mind

that a screen

dump

will

print

out

everything that ap-

pears on the screen

including

menus, prompts, error messages, etc.,

which

you may

not

want printed.

Our

sample program shows some

ways to suppress unwanted parts

of

the display.

If you just tried Example

1,

enter

"N"

when the program

asks

"Another

Chart?

(Y

or

N),"

then type NEW; this returns you

to

BASIC. Enter the

following

program:

5 KEY OFF

10 SCREEN

1

15

CLS

20

DRAW"EMO,OR320D200L320U200"

30

DRAW"BM50,50R220D100L220U100"

40

DRAW"BM75,75R170D50L 170U50" 50 DRAW"BMO,OF400" 60 DRAW"BM320,OG400" 70

DRAW"BM160,OD200" 80

DRAW"BMO.100R320"

1 000 GOTO 1000

59

-

ML182/183

----

_____________

_

-

PROGRAM

NOTES:

Line 5

erases

the display

of

function key values

so

they are not

printed.

-

Line 10 activates the medium-resolution graphics screen. Line 15 clears the screen. Lines

20

to 80 draw the pattern on the screen.

Line 1000

is

an

"infinite

loop"

that keeps the computer occupied.

If

you

omit

this line,

or

put

an

END statement in the program, the

screen

will

display a

prompt

sign when the program

is

completed.

If

you put in a

STOP

statement, the screen

will

display

"Break

in

-

1000."

In

these

cases,

the

prompt

or break message

would

also ap-

pear on

your

printout;

line

1000

in

our

program prevents this from

-

happening.

When

you

want

to stop the program after performing the

screen

dump,

press

the

BREAK

key.

RUN the program, and when the graphics pattern appears on the

screen, simply

press

the SHIFT and Prt

Sc

keys at the same time; the

printer

will

then print the image shown

below.

When you finish,

press

the

BREAK

key to stop the program.

-

FIGURE 2

-

60

__________

CHAPTER

3

PROGRAMMING

BIT

IMAGE

GRAPHICS

You

can

also

write

a program that prints a graphics image directly,

without

transferring it from the display screen. This section explains

how

to

do

this using BASIC statements.

Your printer prints graphics images in successive columns

of

eight

dots. The LPRINT statement that tells the printer to do this

has

three

components:

• The control code sequence that puts the printer into graphics mode,

• The number

of

columns to be printed, and

• The coded data that tells the printer

which

dots to

print

in each

column.

First,

we

discuss each part separately, then put them together.

There are

four

modes

of

bit

image graphics available

with

the

IBM-compatible

MICROLINE. They

differ

in horizontal resolution,

or

density. This indicates

how

close together

the

dots are;

it

is

measured by the

number

of

dots

per

inch. All modes have a

vertical resolution

of

72

DPI. For reference,

the

diameter

of a dot

is

1/72 inch. The modes are discussed in

more

detail in

the

on

control codes.

The maximum

width

of

a graphics image

is

8 inches for the

ML

182.

1 . Control Codes

A graphics LPRINT statement begins with a control code that tells the printer to print a graphics image.

Each

graphics mode

has

a dif-

ferent control code.

61

-

Ml182/183

-

ESC

K

CH

R$(27);CH

R$(75)

1 B

4B

(hex)

Single

Density

60 x 72 DPI

-

ML182

ML183

Max.

dots/line

480

816

Max.

dot

res.

480

816

-

ESC

L CH

R$(27);CH

R$

(76)

1 B

4C

(hex)

Double

Density,

half

speed

120

x 72 DPI

-

ML182

ML183

-

Max.

dots/line

960

1632

Max.

dot

res.

960

1632

-

In

this

mode,

the

printhead

slows

down

so

it

can

print

dots

that

overlap

by

about

1/2

dot

width.

-

ESC

Y CH

R$(27);CH

R$(89) 1 B

59

(hex)

Double

Density,

normal

speed

120

x 72 DPI

ML182

ML183

-

Max.

dots/line

480

816

Max.

dot

res.

960

1632

-

This

mode

has

the

same

density

as

ESC L and

prints

at

normal

speed;

however,

you

cannot

print

dots

in

the

-

same

row

in

adjacent

columns.

In

other

words,

after

you

have

printed a dot

in

one

particular row,

you

can't

print

on

that

row

in

the

-

ESC

Z

CH

R$

(27);CH

R$

(90)

1 B SA (hex)

Quadruple

Density

240

x 72 DPI

-

ML182

ML183

Max.

dots/line

640

1088

-

Max.

dot

res.

1920

3264

This

mode

prints

dot

columns

that

overlap

by

about

3/4

dot

width.

It

can

print

only

every

other

dot

on

the

same

-

row. In

other

words,

after

you have

printed a dot

in

one

particular

row,

you

can't

print

on

that

row

in

the

-

62

----------

CHAPTER

3

PROGRAMMING

NOTE: Take a minute

to

think through the restrictions

on

the

ESC

Y and

ESC

Z

graphics modes. Basically, it just means that you cannot print a horizontal line with

fully overlapping dots.

Even

with the skips, dots on the same row are close enough

together that

a line will appear solid.

You

can, however, print dots in other rows. This

allows you to create much finer curves and diagonal lines

in

these high-density

modes.

2.

Number

of

Columns

The "start graphics" code

is

followed

by

two

numbers

telling

the

printer

how

many columns to print. For

ease

of

reference, call these

numbers

nl

and n2.

To find the value

of

these numbers, determine

how

many columns

you want to print, then

divide

it

by 256. The value

of

n2

is

the in-

teger portion

of

the quotient, and the value

of

n 1

is

the remainder

expressed

as

an

integer.

63

-

ML182/183----------------------------------

-

Example: Suppose you want to print 400 columns

of

graphics:

-

n2=

1

-

256 ) 400

-

256

-

n1

= 144

-

If you

want

to print in single density graphics mode, the beginning

of

your statement should look like this:

-

IBM BASIC includes

two

functions that make calculating

n1

and

n2

-

very

easy:

•

MOD

divides

two

numbers and returns the integer remainder,

-

•

FIX

removes the fractional portion

of

a numeric expression

without

rounding it off.

See

your BASIC Manual for details.

Using these functions, you

can

express our sample numbers this

-

way:

O'!NDOTS=400

-

l T

$~~~~;C~~(7~Jfi::H~~DO~~

~:JP

··CHR$(FIX(NlQOTS/256»

-

IMPORTANT NOTE:

The

number

of

dot columns expressed by

n1

and n2 cannot be greater

-

than the maximum number

of

dot columns per line allowed for the graphics mode you are

using

(see

table below).

-

64

__________

CHAPTER

3

PROGRAMMING

Maximum Graphics Columns Per

Line

<:;raphi~s

mo~e

ESC

K

(Single Density)

480

816

ESC

LIESe y

(Double

Density)

960

1,632

ESC

Z

(Quadruple

Density)

1,920

3,264

If the value entered

is

greater than the allowed maximum, the proper

maximum

value

will

automatically be entered.

3.

Graph ics Data

The last part

of

the graphics statement contains numeric data that

tells the printer

to

print

dots at specific positions in each column.

It

is

easiest

to

layout

your

image on graph paper,

filling

in the

squares where you

want a dot

to

appear. (If you

want

to

use

higher-

density graphics, keep in

mind

that the columns

will

overlap, and

remember any restrictions that may apply.) Then

divide

the image in-

to strips

of

eight rows.

Each

row

will

be programmed

as

a separate

LPRINT statement. Each

position in the

column

has

a numeric value

as

shown in the

table below. Simply add the values

of

the

column

positions where

you

want

dots to appear, then enter the total in

your

LPRINT

statement.

IF

YOU

ARE

FAMILIAR

WITH

BINARY

NUMBERS: Each column is represented by an

8-bit

binary number. A dot represents a "1"

and

a space

is

"0"; the top dot is the MSB (most

Significant bit)

and

the bottom

dot

is the LSB (least significant bit). The

bit

positions are shown

in the table for reference. You can use the ASCII code chart in Appendix 0

as

a conversion

table.

65

-

ML182/183--------

________________________

__

-

Column Position Values

-

.......

.,

....

.

....

[0ecimal

Value

'Column

~()sition

"

........•..

Bit

J

128

27

0

64 2

6

-

0

32

2

5

-

0

16

24

-

8

2

3

0

4

22

0

2

21

-

0

1

2°

-

Example:

-

Enter

asCI-JR$(93)

-

If

we

call the

number

for each

column

C1, etc., then the complete

statement looks like this:

R$(

R$

(1

$1~;eH

R$(

iCH

0)

l.\if,

column

data col. 1 ... col.

400

-

The format

is

the same for all density modesi the

only

differences are

in the "start graphics" code and in the

maximum

amount

of

column

-

data that can

follow.

The

number

representing any particular pattern

of

dots in a

column

is

the same regardless

of

graphics mode.

-

66

__________

CHAPTER

3

PROGRAMMING

Putting it Together

Now

we can

work

through a simple example. Suppose

we

want

to

draw

two

diagonal lines.

As

drawn on graph paper, they

look

like

this:

Step

1.

Begin

with

LPRINT and the "start graphics" code

for

si

ngle-density graph ics:

r;;!;;j;~~\~iJ

0 LPR1;,T

Cltlg$(27);CHR$(75);i.f~ii;i;\

Step 2.

Count

the columns in the image. There are 11,

so

we

calculate

n1

and n2:

n2=

0

256 )

11

o

n1 =

11

and add them to the statement:

···!rOrp~iNT

•..

~HR$it~i.~HR$(~i~~iltlR$(.l!lj:·t:ii9I~$(O~rf

tj!}F".*

67

-

ML182/183

________________________________

__

-

Step

3.

Next add the

dot

values for each column

and insert them in the statement:

-

10

LPRI

NT

CH

R$(27);CH R$(75);CH R$(11 );CI-I R$(O);CH

R$(1

);CH R$(2);

-

CH

R$(4);CH R$(9):CH R$(18);CH R$(36);CH R$(72);CH R$(144);CH R$(32);

CH

R$(64);CH R$(128)

-

Step

4.

Now

run the program. The result should

look

like this:

-

If

it does not, check your arithmetic and typing, then try

again.

-

Now

go back and change the "start graphics" code to dou-

-

ble density, half speed

(ESC

L):

-

20

LPRINT

CHR$(27);CHR$(76);CHR$(11);CHR$(0);CHR$(1);CHR$(2);

-

CH

R$(4);CH R$(9);CH R$(18);CH R$(36);CH R$(72);CH R$(144);CH R$(32)·

CHR$(64);CHR$(128) ,

-

68

__________

CHAPTER

3

PROGRAMMING

Run

the program and compare:

Notice

that the angle

is

steeper and the

two

lines are closer together.

This

is

because each individual

column

now

overlaps the next one.

Notice also that

it

prints more

slowly,

although

with

this

amount

of

printing

the difference in speed may be hard to detect.

Now

try

double

density, normal speed

(ESC

V):

30 LPRINT CHR$(27);CHR$(89);CHR$(11);CHR$(0);CHR$(1);CH R$(2);

CH

R$(4);CH R$(9);CH R$(18);CH R$(36);CH R$(72);CH R$(144);CH R$(32);

CH

R$(64);CH R$(128)

Aside from printing speed, there should be no difference, because the pattern does not include adjacent dots;

if

it had, some dots

would

have been skipped.

69

-

M~82/183

________________________________

__

-

Finally, try quadruple density

(ESC

Z):

-

40 LPRINT CH R$(27);CH R$(90);CH R$(11);CH R$(0);CHR$(1);CH

R$(2);

CH R$(4);CH R$(9);CH R$(18);CH R$(36);CH R$(72);CH R$(144);

-

CH R$(32);CH R$(64);CH R$(128)

-

Compare the results:

-

#co

-

; ;

-

I

The angle

is

even steeper, and the

two

lines have merged

into

one

thick line because

of

even greater overlap,

-

Here

is

another sample program that

uses

a FOR-NEXT

loop

to

print

all the possible combinations

of

dots and spaces in numeric order:

05 'SAMPLE2 06

WIDTH "LPT1:",255

-

10 NDOTS = 256

12

'MAXIMUM

POSSIBLE COMBINATIONS

30

LPRINT CHR$(27);CHR$(75); CHR$(NDOTS MOD 256);CHR$(FIX(NDOTS/256));

40

'START GRAPHICS 256 COLUMNS -

50 FOR

1=0

TO NDOTS-1

60 LPRINT CHR$(I);

-

70

NEXT I

73

LPRINT:REM LINE FEED

-

70

__________

CHAPTER

3

PROGRAMMING

A

word

of

explanation

about

line

06: The IBM personal Computer is set for a maximum line

length

of

80 characters, so it adds a Carriage Return and Line Feed after the 80th character.

Because the data for each column is treated

as

a character, your computer will send

CR

and

LF codes after the data for the 80th column, and the printer will interpret these codes

as

graphics information and print them. A

WIDTH

statement changes the maximum length

of

a

line,

and placing the number 255 in a

WIDTH

statement eliminates any length restriction.

(See

your IBM BASIC Manual for details.)

The printout looks like this:

You can vary the length

of

the graphics line by changing the value

of

NDOTS.

Try changing the density in this program and

see

what

happens.

Save

this program; you

will

need

it

later.

Combining

Text and Graphics

You can

mix

normal text printing and graphics on the same line.

Here

is

an

example using the image coded in the last section:

05

'SAMPLE

3

10

LPRINT

"TEXT

PRINTING";CHR$(27);CHR$(75);CHR$(11);CHR$(0); CH R$(1);CH R$(2);CH R$(4);CH R$(9);CH R$(18);CH R$(36);CH R$(72); CH R$(144);CH R$(32);CH R$(64);CH R$(128);

"TEXT

PRINTING

AGAIN"

71

M~82/183

________________________________

__

-

Here

is

the result:

-

The printer prints

normally

unti I

it

receives the "start graphics" code.

It then prints the number

of

graphics columns specified by

n1

and

n2 and automatically returns to normal printing.

NOTE: Be careful to enter the amount

of

graphics data you told the printer to expect;

otherwise the results will be garbled.

PRINTING MULTILINE GRAPHICS

One

LPRINT statement cannot

print

more than one line

of

graphics,

so

you have

to

enter a separate LPRINT statement for each subse-

quent line

of

graphics.

To illustrate this, add these lines to the SAMPLE 2 program:

-

This

loop

causes the LPRINT statement

to

be repeated four times.

Here

is

the result:

-

72

__________

CHAPTER

3

PROGRAMMING

Notice that there

is

a space between each pair

of

lines. This

is

because the standard distance from the top

of

one line to the top

of

the next

is

1/6 inch,

but

a column

of

graphics

is

only

1/9 inch high

(8

dots x

1/72

inch per

dot

=

8/72

inch=1/9

inch). To

print

a con-

tinuous image

with

no

gaps

between the lines, you must

use

the

ESC

A command to change line height to

8/72

inch and

ESC

2 to activate

the change

(see

page

47).

Add these lines:

;;l~~;iLpRUNT

CH

(65);¢~R$(ar

l:¥cii)'lPRI'NT

CH

(50)

The modified program

now

looks like this:

05 'SAMPLE2 06

WIDTH "LPT1:",255 1 0 N DOTS = 256 12

'MAXIMUM POSSIBLE COMBINATIONS

15 LPRI NT CH R$(27);CH R$(65);CH

R$(8) 18 LPRINT CHR$(27);CHR$(50) 25

FOR J = 1

TO

4

30 LPRINT CHR$(27);CHR$(75);CHR$(NDOTS MOD 256);

CHR$(FIX (NDOTS/256»; 40 'START GRAPHICS 256 COLUMNS 50 FOR

I=OTO

NDOTS-1 60 LPRINT CHR$(I); 70

NEXT I

73 LPRINT:REM LINE FEED

75 NEXT

J

73

ML182/183

----------------

The result looks like this:

-

Reminders

1.

Make

sure you have entered

column

data for the same

number

-

of

columns

as

specified

by

n 1 and n2 in

your

LPRINT state-

ment. If you enter

too

much

or

too I ittle data, the results

wi

II

be

garbled.

2. You can

print

no more than the

maximum

number

of

columns

for

your

graphics density

mode

(see

table on page 61). If more

data

is

contained in the LPRINT statement, the excess

will

sim-

ply

be ignored.

3.

Observe the limitations on

dot

placement in these graphics

density modes:

Double density, normal speed

(ESC

Y)

and

quadruple density (ESC Z): Skip at least

one dot position between dots on the same horizontal row.

The

printer will not print

a dot placed closer than this.

Hints

The ways you can

use

features

of

BASIC to program graphics are

limited

only

by

your

imagination and

your

programming experience.

In

this section

we

summarize the tricks used in the examples and

suggest a few

new

ones.

MOD

and

FIX

can

be

very helpful in calculating the

number

of

col-

umns

of

graphics data,

as

explained on page

64.

-

You can

use

the type

of

FOR-NEXT

loop

shown in sample 2 in some

cases

where

the

dot

pattern can be described

by

a mathematical

function; a straight line

or

a sine wave, for example.

-

74

__________

CHAPTER

3

PROGRAMMING

To

simplify

typing the

column

data, you can enter the values in a

DATA

statement, then

use

a READ statement in a

loop

to

print

it.

Here

is

a model:

INT

$ (

[)O"S/~

5

6)

)'~1J2:~

40

FORI"" 1 TO

1\1

DOTS

50

D

G~/~;f?

601I\lT~~H

R$(C};

70

NEXTI

This method makes it easier

to

check and

modify

your

data. Using a

variable such

as

NDOTS

helps to make sure the

amount

of

data in

the program matches the

number

of

columns you have specified.

CANCEL

FUNCTION

CAN

CHR$(24)

18

The cancel code clears the printer buffer.

All

control codes remain in

effect until you give a specific command to change them

or

turn the

printer off,

with

the exception

of

SO

(double-width),

which

is

cancelled.

75

-

ML182/183----------------------------------

-

LINE

FEED

"",'

ASCII

LF

Decimal

10

i

Hexadecimal

OA

VT

11

OB

Execution

of

the VT or

LF

command

causes

one line

of

data

to

be

printed, and also

causes

the paper to advance one line.

PAPER

OUT

-

ASCII ESC

8

CHR$(27);CHR$(56);

1 B

38

-

ESC

9

CHR$(27);CHR$(57);

1 B

39

If you want to disable the paper out alarm (the paper indicator

will

not light when paper

is

low) enter the

ESC

8 command. If you want

to

be

signaled by the printer when paper

is

low

or out, (this

is

the

default setting)

use

the

ESC

8 command.

NEAR

LETTER

QUALITY

MODE

ASCII

-

ESC I ETX

(27)

(73)

(3)

(1

B)

(49)

(03)

When

you

want

to

make a

good

impression

with a memorandum

or

letter,

use

OKl's

special near letter

quality

mode. In this

mode

the

printer

prints over each line twice.

On

the

second

pass,

the

printer

fills in

the

dot

pattern

to

form

a sharp, crisp letter. You get great

results

when

you

print

your

word-processing files in this mode.

-

UTILITY

MODE

ASCII

ESC

I SOH

Decimal

(27)

(73)

(1)

Hexadecimal

(1

B)

(49)

(01)

-

The first

time

you

turn

your

printer

on,

it

will

automatically

print

in

utility mode. In this

mode,

the

printer

prints bidirectionally. This

printing

method

increases

the

printer's speed,

so

it prints

120

characters

per

second.

-

76

APPENDIX A

Programming

Commands

-

APPENDIX

A

I

BM-COMPATI

BLE

ML

182/183

PROGRAMMING

COMMANDS

Description

CARRIAGE

RETURN

Prints data and returns print head to the left margin position.

HORIZONTAL

TAB

Tabs

to

tab

stop

Cancels tabs

CHARACTER

SIZE

10

CPI

12

CPI

17.1

CPI

Double

width

Turns off

double

width

before end

of

line.

Turns

double

width

on

permanently.

Turns

double

width

off

permanently.

CLEAR

BUFFER

Resets

normal

width

ASCII

Decimal

CR

13

HT

9

ESC

D

NUL

27

68

0

DC2

18

ESC:

27

58

SI

15

SO

14

DC4

20

ESC

W 1

27

87 49

ESC

W 0

27

87

48

CAN

24

Hexadecimal

OD

09

1 B

4400

12

1 B

3A

OF OE

14

1 B 57

31

1 B 57 30

18

77

ML182/183

EMPHASIZED/EN HANCED PRINTING

Doubles characters

ESC

G

27

71

1 B

47

vertically (enhanced).

Doubles characters

ESC

E

27

69

1 B 45

horizontally

(emphasized).

Cancels emphasized

ESC

F

27

70

1 B 46

printing. Cancels enhanced printing.

ESC

H

27

72

1 B 48

FORMATING

Specifies the length

of

a

ESC

C n

27

67

n

1 B 43 n

page.

or

ESC C 00

m

27

67 00 m

1 B 43 00 m

Skip over perforation;

ESC

Nn

27

78

1 B

4E

advances paper when

less

than 1 inch remains at

bottom

of

page.

Cancels skip over

ESC

0

27

79

1 B

4F

perforation.

-

78

ii

APPENDIX

A

PROGRAMMING

COMMANDS

...

Descriptio£)

ASCII Decimal Hexadecimal

GRAPHICS

Prints data in single-density

ESC

K

27

75

1 B 4B bit image graphics mode; 60

X72

DPI.

Prints data in half-speed,

ESC

L

27

76

1 B 4C

double-dinsity bit image graphics mode; 120X72 DPI. Prints data in normal-

ESC

Y

2789

1 B 59

speed, double-density bit

image graphics mode;

120X72

DPI.

Prints data in quadruple-

ESC

Z

2790

1 B

5A

density bit image graphics mode;

240X72

DPI.

LINE

FEED

Advances paper one line.

LF

10

OA

Advances paper one line.

VT

11

OB

LINE SPACING

Loads variable find line

ESC

An

27

65 n

1 B

41

n

spacing. Sets

line spacing to

ESC

2

27

50 1 B 32

variable fine line spacing. Set

the

line

feed to

7172

ESC

1

2749

1 B

31

inch 8

LPI

ESC

0

2748

1 B 30

Sets

the specified line

ESC

3 n

27

51

n

1 B 35 n

space.

Line spaces

n/21

6 inch

ESC

J n

27

74 n

1B

4A

n

79

MU82/183

________________________________

_

Description

ASCII

Decimal

Hexadecimal

PAPER

OUT

ALARM

Paper indicator lights

ESC

9

27 57

1 B 39

whenever paper

is

low

or

out.

Pri

nter

wi

II

not respond to

ESC

8

27 56

1 B 38

a paper

out

condition.

Printer

will

continue

-

printing even

if

paper

is

out.

PRINT

MODE

NLQ

mode

ESC I ETX

27

73 3

1 B

49

03

UTI

LlTY

mode

ESC I SOH

27

73 1

1 B

49

01

SUPERSCRIPTS

AND

-

SUBSCRIPTS

Selects superscripts.

ESC

SO

27

83

48

1 B

53

30

-

Cancels superscript and subscripts.

ESC

T

2784

1 B 54

-

Selects subscripts.

ESC

S 1

27

83

49

1 B

53

31

UNDERLINING

Begin underlining

ESC-1

27 45 49

1B2D31

Stop underlining

ESC-O

27 45 48

1 B

2D

30

-

80

APPENDIX B

Software Notes

-

APPENDIX

B

Software Notes

This

appendix

explains

how

to

use

four

popular

software

packages

on

the

I BM Personal

Computer.

We've

provided

step-by-step instructions

which

demonstrate

how

to

print

files and

how

to

activate

your

IBM

Comatible

MICROLINE

printer's

special features,

as

well

as

hints

to

help

you make

the

most

of

your

printer

and software. These instructions

are

intended

to

supplement

rather than replace those

for

your software package, therefore

we

strongly

recommend

that

you

review

your

software manual

before

trying

to

use

your

package

with

your

MICROLINE

printer. Your OKI

dealer can also

provide

you

with

USERS

TI

PS,

which

we

issue

frequently

in

order

to

inform

you

about

new

software

packages.

NOTE:

The

I-PRIME signal sent by the IBM Personal Computer causes the

printer to return to its default

settings-Utility

mode, 10 characters

per

inch,

and six lines

per

inch.

In

most instances, your computer sends an I-PRIME

signal when the software program

is being loaded. Therefore,

if

you wish

to

use the printer's switch controls to select other available IBM-Compatible

MICROLINE

print

features, you must use them after your software has been loaded. This prevents the I-PRIME signal from ;;:;;;;riding your selections. See page

73 for an exception to this procedure

in

the case

of

VisiCalc.

~II

print

samples in this appendix have been reduced in

size.

The symbol

<CR>

indicates a carriage return,

which

is

en-

tered by pressing the angled

arrow

key located on the

IBM

Personal Computer main keypad.

VisiCalc

Chapter

:3

and

Appendix A of

the VisiCalc User's Manual

explain

how

to

print

your

spreadsheet. This section

will

clarify that information and give a few examples.

81

Ml182/183

________________________________

__

Use

the

SETUP

option to send the control codes that

specify the kind

of

printing you want. Because VisiCalc

sends

an

I-PRIME signal to clear the printer before it prints,

you can't

use

the buttons on the printer to select 17.1 cpi

(condensed print) after

you've

booted your software.

See

Chapter 2

of

this handbook.

You

can

use

the hexadecimal

form

of

control codes.

Each

code number must

be

preceded by

I\H:

hold

down

the shift key and

press

the

number

6 key, then press

H.

Here are your

MICROLIN

E

printers

features and

the

corresponding codes in

hexadecimal form:

Emphasized Print

/\H1

BI\H45

Enhanced Print

I\H1

BI\H47

17.1 cpi

I\HOF

12

cpi

I\H1

BI\H3A

10 cpi

Default Setting

8.5 cpi

I\HOFI\H1

BI\H571\H01

6 cpi

I\H1

BI\H3AI\H1

BI\H571\H01

5 cpi

I\H121\Hl

B/\H57I\H01

61pi

Default Setting

81pi

I\H1

BI\H30

NOTE: For other line spacing options, see

ESC A ESC

2,

and

ESC

3 on

pages

41

and 42

Printing The Spreadsheet

Our

first example shows

how

to produce the printed

spreadsheet in the normal

print

(Utility, 10 cpi, 6 Ipi)

mode. Example

1:

Normal printing

Keyboard Entry Screen Prompt

/P

File,Printer

p

Print:Lower right, "Setup,-,&

G9<CR>

[Spreadsheet

is

printed]

-

82

-----------------------------------------------------------------

-

_________

APPENDIX

B

SOFTWARE

NOTES

Here's the result:

PERIOD

JAN

FEB

IYIARCH

Ae'R

I L

IYIAY

JUNE

I

NCOIYIE

2200

2150

2325

2500

1800

2000

MORTGAGE

385

UTIL.

1(00.83

124.

5

48.32

54~

5&

E.5.8

75

..

47

PHONE

21.5

13.

75

15.75

18.

82

14.&2

13.

57

FOOD

180

180 180

180

CLOTHING

120

HONDA

75.

OJ

75.

5

75.

5

75.

5

75.

5

75.

5

Notes:

The last step,

C9,

selects the portion of the VisiCalc

work-

sheet to

be

printed. The position

of

the cursor (in this case

the home position:

column

A,

row

1)

determines the upper

left corner, and the coordinates entered

during

the printing

procedure

set

the

lower

right corner.

In

our

example,

C9

defines the printed area

as

seven columns

(A

through C) by

nine rows

(1

through 9).

You

can vary the amount printed

bv

changing either

of

the coordinates.

Changing Print Size

In

our next example,

we'll

use

the

SETUP

option to print

the spreadsheet in condensed type. This type size

is

espe-

cially useful

with

VisiCalc because it enables you to fit

mOl"e

columns on the same page. Before you start, check

the position

of

the cursor (in this example, it should

be

in

the home position). Example 2: Condensed

Pri

nt

Keyboard Entry

Screen Prompt

Ip

File, printer

p

Print: Lower right,

"Setup,-,&

Setup

or

ENTER

I\HOF<CR>

Pri

nt: Lower right,

"Setup,-,&

M9<CR>

[Spreadsheet

is

printed

in

condensed

typeJ

83

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-

Ml182/183

_______________

_

-

Here's

the

result:

PERIOD

JAN

FEB

MROl

IlPRIl

MAY

.JlI£

JIJ..

Y

IlOO

sePT

OCT

r«JV

DEC

Ir«:!»I£

2200

21SO

2325 2500

1800

2000

2200

220D

2375

21>00

2100

1900

IIlRT6A6E

lIT1L.

-

365

160.83

38S

124.5

385

48.!12

38S

54.56

38S

65.8

365

75.1>7

38S

78.29

38S

88.81

38S

49.84

38S

87.3

38S

92

38S

10'1.26

21.

5

19.75

15.75

18.82 14.62

13.57

18.93

18.92 18.02

12.92

18.38

J;.'lo\

FOOl)

180

180 180

180

CLOTHllE

-

120

75.5

120

75.5

120

75.5

120

75.5

120

75.5

120

75.5

120

75.5

120

75.5

120

75.5

120

15.5

120

15.5

120

75.5

Notes:

Entering" allows you to insert control codes that

will

be

sent to the printer.

OF,

preceded by H,

is

the hexadecimal code that programs the printer to change to condensed type. Because condensed printing fits more characters on a

line, we can change the

lower

right coordinates

so

that

13

columns are printed.

With

condensed printing, this

will

still

fit on standard 8-

1/2"

width

paper.

Multiple Control Codes

You

can

use

the

SETUP

option

to send more than one code

to the printer. This means that you can specify those print-

ing features that require more than one code, such

as

double-width printing, and you can

combine

features

like printing in condensed type

at

8 lines per inch.

Each

individual code number must

be

preceded by

AH.

In

this example, we're going to print at 8.5 cpi and 8 lines

per inch.

Notes:

This kind

of

printing requires three

sets

of

control codes:

the code sequence for condensed print (17.1 cpi), the

se-

quence to double the

width

to 8.5 cpi, and the code

se-

quence for eight lines per inch. We've printed them on

separate lines in

our

example

so

that you can more easily

see

what's going on, but you should type them in a string,

and then

press

the

ENTER

key.

-

84