NSC LM2597M-12, LM2597HVN-5.0, LM2597HVN-3.3, LM2597HVN-12, LM2597HVMX-ADJ Datasheet

...
LM2597/LM2597HV SIMPLE SWITCHER
®
Power Converter 150 kHz 0.5A
Step-Down Voltage Regulator, with Features
General Description
The LM2597/LM2597HV series of regulators are monolithic integrated circuits that provide all the active functions for a step-down (buck) switching regulator, capable of driving a
This series of switching regulators is similar to the LM2594 series, with additional supervisory and performance features added.
Requiring a minimum number of external components, these regulators are simple to use and include internal frequency compensation
, improved line and load specifications, fixed-frequency oscillator, Shutdown /Soft-start, error flag delay and error flag output.
Other features include a guaranteed
±
4%tolerance on out­put voltage under all conditions of input voltage and output load conditions, and
±
15%on the oscillator frequency. Ex­ternal shutdown is included, featuring typically 85 µA standby current. Self protection features include a two stage current limit for the output switch and an over temperature shutdown for complete protection under fault conditions.
Features
n 3.3V, 5V, 12V, and adjustable output versions n Adjustable version output voltage range, 1.2V to 37V
(57V for HV version)
±
4%max over line and load
conditions
n Guaranteed 0.5A output current n Available in 8-pin surface mount and DIP-8 package n Input voltage range up to 60V n 150 kHz fixed frequency internal oscillator n Shutdown /Soft-start n Out of regulation error flag n Error output delay n Bias Supply Pin (V
BS
) for internal circuitry improves
efficiency at high input voltages
n Low power standby mode, I
Q
typically 85 µA
n High Efficiency n Uses readily available standard inductors n Thermal shutdown and current limit protection
Applications
n Simple high-efficiency step-down (buck) regulator n Efficient pre-regulator for linear regulators n On-card switching regulators n Positive to Negative converter
Typical Application (Fixed Output Voltage Versions)
SIMPLE SWITCHER®and
Switchers Made Simple
®
are registered trademarks ofNational Semiconductor Corporation.
DS012440-1
Patent Number 5,382,918.
March 1998
LM2597/LM2597HV SIMPLE SWITCHER Power Converter 150 kHz 0.5A Step-Down Voltage
Regulator, with Features
© 1999 National Semiconductor Corporation DS012440 www.national.com
Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1)
If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required, please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/ Distributors for availability and specifications.
Maximum Supply Voltage (V
IN
)
LM2597 45V
LM2597HV 60V
SD /SS Pin Input Voltage (Note 2)
6V Delay Pin Voltage (Note 2) 1.5V Flag Pin Voltage −0.3 V 45V Bias Supply Voltage (V
BS
) −0.3 V 30V Feedback Pin Voltage −0.3 V +25V Output Voltage to Ground
(Steady State) −1V Power Dissipation Internally limited Storage Temperature Range −65˚C to +150˚C
ESD Susceptibility
Human Body Model (Note 3) 2 kV
Lead Temperature
M8 Package
Vapor Phase (60 sec.) +215˚C Infrared (15 sec.) +220˚C
N Package (Soldering, 10 sec.) +260˚C
Maximum Junction Temperature +150˚C
Operating Conditions
Temperature Range −40˚C TJ+125˚C Supply Voltage
LM2597 4.5V to 40V
LM2597HV 4.5V to 60V
LM2597/LM2597HV-3.3 Electrical Characteristics
Specifications with standard type face are for T
J
=
25˚C, and those with boldface type apply over full Operating Tempera-
ture Range.V
INmax
=
40V for the LM2597 and 60V for the LM2597HV
Symbol Parameter Conditions LM2597/LM2597HV-3.3 Units
(Limits)
Typ Limit
(Note 4) (Note 5)
SYSTEM PARAMETERS (Note 6) Test Circuit
Figure 12
V
OUT
Output Voltage 4.75V VIN≤ V
INmax
, 0.1A I
LOAD
0.5A 3.3 V
3.168/3.135 V(min)
3.432/3.465 V(max)
η Efficiency V
IN
=
12V, I
LOAD
=
0.5A 80
%
LM2597/LM2597HV-5.0 Electrical Characteristics
Specifications with standard type face are for T
J
=
25˚C, and those with boldface type apply over full Operating Tempera-
ture Range.V
INmax
=
40V for the LM2597 and 60V for the LM2597HV
Symbol Parameter Conditions LM2597/LM2597HV-5.0 Units
(Limits)
Typ Limit
(Note 4) (Note 5)
SYSTEM PARAMETERS (Note 6) Test Circuit
Figure 12
V
OUT
Output Voltage 7V VIN≤ V
INmax
, 0.1A I
LOAD
0.5A 5 V
4.800/4.750 V(min)
5.200/5.250 V(max)
η Efficiency V
IN
=
12V, I
LOAD
=
0.5A 82
%
www.national.com 2
LM2597/LM2597HV-12 Electrical Characteristics
Specifications with standard type face are for T
J
=
25˚C, and those with boldface type apply over full Operating Tempera-
ture Range.V
INmax
=
40V for the LM2597 and 60V for the LM2597HV
Symbol Parameter Conditions LM2597/LM2597HV-12 Units
(Limits)
Typ Limit
(Note 4) (Note 5)
SYSTEM PARAMETERS (Note 6) Test Circuit
Figure 12
V
OUT
Output Voltage 15V VIN≤ V
INmax
, 0.1A I
LOAD
0.5A 12 V
11.52/11.40 V(min)
12.48/12.60 V(max)
η Efficiency V
IN
=
25V, I
LOAD
=
0.5A 88
%
LM2597/LM2597HV-ADJ Electrical Characteristics
Specifications with standard type face are for T
J
=
25˚C, and those with boldface type apply over full Operating Tempera-
ture Range.V
INmax
=
40V for the LM2597 and 60V for the LM2597HV
Symbol Parameter Conditions LM2597/LM2597HV-ADJ Units
(Limits)
Typ Limit
(Note 4) (Note 5)
SYSTEM PARAMETERS (Note 6) Test Circuit
Figure 12
V
FB
Feedback Voltage 4.5V VIN≤ V
INmax
, 0.1A I
LOAD
0.5A 1.230 V
V
OUT
programmed for 3V. Circuit of
Figure 12
. 1.193/1.180 V(min)
1.267/1.280 V(max)
η Efficiency V
IN
=
12V, V
OUT
=
3V, I
LOAD
=
0.5A 80
%
All Output Voltage Versions Electrical Characteristics
Specifications with standard type face are for T
J
=
25˚C, and those with boldface type apply over full Operating Tempera-
ture Range. Unless otherwise specified, V
IN
=
12V for the 3.3V, 5V, and Adjustable version and V
IN
=
24V for the 12V ver-
sion. I
LOAD
=
100 mA.
Symbol Parameter Conditions LM2597/LM2597HV-XX Units
(Limits)
Typ Limit
(Note 4) (Note 5)
DEVICE PARAMETERS
I
b
Feedback Bias Current Adjustable Version Only, V
FB
=
1.235V 10 50/100 nA
f
O
Oscillator Frequency (Note 7) 150 kHz
127/110 kHz(min) 173/173 kHz(max)
V
SAT
Saturation Voltage I
OUT
=
0.5A (Notes 8 and 9) 0.9 V
1.1/1.2 V(max)
DC Max Duty Cycle (ON) (Note 9) 100
%
Min Duty Cycle (OFF) (Note 10) 0
I
CL
Current Limit Peak Current, (Notes 8 and 9) 0.8 A
0.65/0.58 A(min)
1.3/1.4 A(max)
I
L
Output Leakage Current (Notes 8, 10 and 11) Output=0V 50 µA(max)
Output=−1V 2 mA
15 mA(max)
I
Q
Operating Quiescent SD /SS Pin Open, VBSPin Open(Note 10) 5mA Current 10 mA(max)
www.national.com3
All Output Voltage Versions Electrical Characteristics
(Continued)
Specifications with standard type face are for T
J
=
25˚C, and those with boldface type apply over full Operating Tempera-
ture Range. Unless otherwise specified, V
IN
=
12V for the 3.3V, 5V, and Adjustable version and V
IN
=
24V for the 12V ver-
sion. I
LOAD
=
100 mA.
Symbol Parameter Conditions LM2597/LM2597HV-XX Units
(Limits)
Typ Limit
(Note 4) (Note 5)
DEVICE PARAMETERS
I
STBY
Standby Quiescent SD /SS pin=0V (Note 10)LM2597 85 µA Current 200/250 µA(max)
LM2597HV 140 250/300 µA(max)
θ
JA
Thermal Resistance N Package, Junction to Ambient (Note 12) 95 ˚C/W
M Package, Junction to Ambient (Note 12) 150
SHUTDOWN/SOFT-START CONTROL Test Circuit of
Figure 12
V
SD
Shutdown Threshold 1.3 V Voltage Low, (Shutdown Mode) 0.6 V(max)
High, (Soft-start Mode) 2 V(min)
V
SS
Soft-start Voltage V
OUT
=
20%of Nominal Output Voltage 2 V
V
OUT
=
100%of Nominal Output Voltage 3
I
SD
Shutdown Current V
SHUTDOWN
=
0.5V
A
10 µA(max)
I
SS
Soft-start Current V
Soft-start
=
2.5V 1.6 µA 5 µA(max)
FLAG/DELAY CONTROL Test Circuit of
Figure 12
Regulator Dropout Low (Flag ON) 96
%
Detector 92
%
(min)
Threshold Voltage 98
%
(max)
VF
SAT
Flag Output Saturation I
SINK
=
3 mA 0.3 V
Voltage V
DELAY
=
0.5V 0.7/1.0 V(max)
IF
L
Flag Output Leakage Current
V
FLAG
=
40V 0.3 µA
Delay Pin Threshold 1.25 V Voltage Low (Flag ON) 1.21 V(min)
High (Flag OFF) and V
OUT
Regulated 1.29 V(max)
Delay Pin Source V
DELAY
=
0.5V 3 µA Current 6 µA(max) Delay Pin Saturation Low (Flag ON) 55 mV
350/400 mV(max)
BIAS SUPPLY
I
BS
Bias Supply Pin Current V
BS
=
2V (Note 10) 120 µA
400 µA(max)
V
BS
=
4.4V (Note 10) 4 mA 10 mA(max)
I
Q
Operating Quiescent Current
V
BS
=
4.4V , V
in
pin current(Note 10) 1 2 mA
Note 1: Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Operating Ratings indicate conditions for which the device is in­tended to be functional, but do not guarantee specific performance limits. For guaranteed specifications and test conditions, see the Electrical Characteristics.
Note 2: Voltage internally clamped. If clamp voltage is exceeded, limit current to a maximum of 1 mA. Note 3: The human body model is a 100 pF capacitor discharged through a 1.5k resistor into each pin. Note 4: Typical numbers are at 25˚C and represent the most likely norm. Note 5: All limits guaranteed at room temperature (standard type face) and at temperature extremes (bold type face). All room temperature limits are 100%produc-
tion tested. All limits at temperature extremes are guaranteed via correlation using standard Statistical Quality Control (SQC) methods. All limits are used to calculate Average Outgoing Quality Level (AOQL).
www.national.com 4
All Output Voltage Versions Electrical Characteristics
(Continued)
Note 6: External components such as the catch diode, inductor, input and output capacitors can affect switching regulator system performance. When the LM2597/ LM2597HV is used as shown in the
Figure 12
test circuit, system performance will be as shown in system parameters section of Electrical Characteristics.
Note 7: The switching frequency is reduced when the second stage current limit is activated. The amount of reduction is determined by the severity of current over­load.
Note 8: No diode, inductor or capacitor connected to output pin. Note 9: Feedback pin removed from output and connected to 0V to force the output transistor switch ON. Note 10: Feedback pin removed from output and connected to 12V for the 3.3V,5V,and theADJ. version, and 15V for the 12V version, to force the output transistor
switch OFF. Note 11: V
IN
=
40V for the LM2597 and 60V for the LM2597HV.
Note 12: Junction to ambient thermal resistance with approximately 1 square inch of printed circuit board copper surrounding the leads. Additional copper area will lower thermal resistance further. See application hints in this data sheet and the thermal model in Switchers Made Simple
software.
Typical Performance Characteristics
Normalized Output Voltage
DS012440-2
Line Regulation
DS012440-3
Efficiency
DS012440-4
Switch Saturation Voltage
DS012440-5
Switch Current Limit
DS012440-6
Dropout Voltage
DS012440-7
Quiescent Current
DS012440-8
Standby Quiescent Current
DS012440-9
Minimum Operating Supply Voltage
DS012440-10
www.national.com5
Typical Performance Characteristics (Continued)
Feedback Pin Bias Current
DS012440-11
Flag Saturation Voltage
DS012440-12
Switching Frequency
DS012440-13
Soft-start
DS012440-14
Shutdown /Soft-start Current
DS012440-15
Delay Pin Current
DS012440-16
VINand VBSCurrent vs V
BS
and Temperature
DS012440-17
Soft-start Response
DS012440-18
Shutdown /Soft-start Threshold Voltage
DS012440-25
www.national.com 6
Typical Performance Characteristics (Continued)
Connection Diagrams and Ordering Information
Continuous Mode Switching Waveforms V
IN
=
20V, V
OUT
=
5V, I
LOAD
=
400 mA
L=100 µH, C
OUT
=
120 µF, C
OUT
ESR=140 m
DS012440-19
A: Output Pin Voltage, 10V/div. B: Inductor Current 0.2A/div. C: Output Ripple Voltage, 20 mV/div.
Horizontal Time Base: 2 µs/div.
Discontinuous Mode Switching Waveforms V
IN
=
20V, V
OUT
=
5V, I
LOAD
=
200 mA
L=33 µH, C
OUT
=
220 µF, C
OUT
ESR=60 m
DS012440-20
A: Output Pin Voltage, 10V/div. B: Inductor Current 0.2A/div. C: Output Ripple Voltage, 20 mV/div.
Horizontal Time Base: 2 µs/div.
Load Transient Response for Continuous Mode V
IN
=
20V, V
OUT
=
5V, I
LOAD
=
200 mA to 500 mA
L=100 µH, C
OUT
=
120 µF, C
OUT
ESR=140 m
DS012440-21
A: Output Voltage, 50 mV/div. (AC) B: 200 mA to 500 mA Load Pulse
Horizontal Time Base: 50 µs/div.
Load Transient Response for Discontinuous Mode V
IN
=
20V, V
OUT
=
5V, I
LOAD
=
100 mA to 200 mA
L=33 µH, C
OUT
=
220 µF, C
OUT
ESR=60 m
DS012440-22
A: Output Voltage, 50 mV/div. (AC) B: 100 mA to 200 mA Load Pulse
Horizontal Time Base: 200 µs/div.
8–Lead DIP (N)
DS012440-23
Top View
Order Number LM2597N-3.3,
LM2597N-5.0, LM2597N-12 or
LM2597N-ADJ
LM2597HVN-3.3, LM2597HVN-5.0,
LM2597HVN-12 or LM2597HVN-ADJ
See NS Package Number N08E
8–Lead Surface Mount (M)
DS012440-24
Top View
Order Number LM2597M-3.3,
LM2597M-5.0, LM2597M-12 or
LM2597M-ADJ
LM2597HVM-3.3, LM2597HVM-5.0,
LM2597HVM-12 or LM2597HVM-ADJ
See NS Package Number M08A
www.national.com7
LM2597/LM2597HV Series Buck Regulator Design Procedure (Fixed Output)
PROCEDURE (Fixed Output Voltage Version) EXAMPLE (Fixed Output Voltage Version)
Given:
V
OUT
=
Regulated Output Voltage (3.3V, 5V or 12V)
V
IN
(max)=Maximum DC Input Voltage
I
LOAD
(max)=Maximum Load Current
Given:
V
OUT
=
5V
V
IN
(max)=12V
I
LOAD
(max)=0.4A
1. Inductor Selection (L1) A. Select the correct inductor value selection guide from
Fig-
ure 3
,
Figure 4
,or
Figure 5
. (Output voltages of 3.3V, 5V, or 12V respectively.) For all other voltages, see the design pro­cedure for the adjustable version.
B. From the inductor value selection guide, identify the induc­tance region intersected by the Maximum Input Voltage line and the Maximum Load Current line. Each region is identified by an inductance value and an inductor code (LXX).
C. Select an appropriate inductor from the four manufacturer’s part numbers listed in
Figure 7
.
1. Inductor Selection (L1) A. Use the inductor selection guide for the 5V version shown
in
Figure 4
.
B. From the inductor value selection guide shown in
Figure 4
, the inductance region intersected by the 12V horizontal line and the 0.4A vertical line is 100 µH, and the inductor code is L20.
C. The inductance value required is 100 µH. From the table in
Figure 7
, go to the L20 line and choose an inductor part num­ber from any of the four manufacturers shown. (In most in­stance, both through hole and surface mount inductors are available.)
2. Output Capacitor Selection (C
OUT
)
A. In the majority of applications, low ESR (Equivalent Series
Resistance) electrolytic capacitors between 82 µF and 220 µF and low ESR solid tantalum capacitors between 15 µF and 100 µF provide the best results. This capacitor should be lo­cated close to the IC using short capacitor leads and short copper traces. Do not use capacitors larger than 220 µF.
For additional information, see section on output capaci­tors in application information section.
B. To simplify the capacitor selection procedure, refer to the
quick design component selection table shown in
Figure 1
. This table contains different input voltages, output voltages, and load currents, and lists various inductors and output ca­pacitors that will provide the best design solutions.
C. The capacitor voltage rating for electrolytic capacitors should be at least 1.5 times greater than the output voltage, and often much higher voltage ratings are needed to satisfy the low ESR requirements for low output ripple voltage.
D. For computer aided design software, see
Switchers Made
Simple
®
version 4.1 or later).
2. Output Capacitor Selection (C
OUT
)
A. See section on output capacitors in application infor­mation section.
B. From the quick design component selection table shown in
Figure 1
, locate the 5V output voltage section. In the load cur­rent column, choose the load current line that is closest to the current needed in your application, for this example, use the
0.5A line. In the maximum input voltage column, select the line that covers the input voltage needed in your application, in this example, use the 15V line. Continuing on this line are recommended inductors and capacitors that will provide the best overall performance.
The capacitor list contains both through hole electrolytic and surface mount tantalum capacitors from four different capaci­tor manufacturers. It is recommended that both the manufac­turers and the manufacturer’s series that are listed in the table be used.
In this example aluminum electrolytic capacitors from several different manufacturers are available with the range of ESR numbers needed.
120 µF 25V Panasonic HFQ Series 120 µF 25V Nichicon PL Series
C. For a 5V output, a capacitor voltage rating at least 7.5V or more is needed. But, in this example, even a low ESR, switch­ing grade, 120 µF 10V aluminum electrolytic capacitor would exhibit approximately 400 mof ESR (see the curve in
Figure
16
for the ESR vs voltage rating). This amount of ESR would result in relatively high output ripple voltage. To reduce the ripple to 1%of the output voltage, or less, a capacitor with a higher voltage rating (lower ESR) should be selected. A 16V or 25V capacitor will reduce the ripple voltage by approxi­mately half.
www.national.com 8
LM2597/LM2597HV Series Buck Regulator Design Procedure (Fixed Output)
(Continued)
PROCEDURE (Fixed Output Voltage Version) EXAMPLE (Fixed Output Voltage Version)
3. Catch Diode Selection (D1) A. The catch diode current rating must be at least 1.3 times
greater than the maximum load current. Also, if the power supply design must withstand a continuous output short, the diode should have a current rating equal to the maximum cur­rent limit of the LM2597. The most stressful condition for this diode is an overload or shorted output condition.
B. The reverse voltage rating of the diode should be at least
1.25 times the maximum input voltage. C. This diode must be fast (short reverse recovery time) and
must be located close to the LM2597 using short leads and short printed circuit traces. Because of their fast switching speed and low forward voltage drop, Schottky diodes provide the best performance and efficiency, and should be the first choice, especially in low output voltage applications. Ultra-fast recovery, or High-Efficiency rectifiers also provide good re­sults. Ultra-fast recovery diodes typically have reverse recov­ery times of 50 ns or less. Rectifiers such as the 1N4001 se­ries are much too slow and should not be used.
3. Catch Diode Selection (D1) A. Refer to the table shown in
Figure 10
. In this example, a 1A, 20V, 1N5817 Schottky diode will provide the best perfor­mance, and will not be overstressed even for a shorted out­put.
4. Input Capacitor (C
IN
)
A low ESR aluminum or tantalum bypass capacitor is needed between the input pin and ground to prevent large voltage transients from appearing at the input. In addition, the RMS current rating of the input capacitor should be selected to be at least
1
⁄2the DC load current. The capacitor manufacturers data sheet must be checked to assure that this current rating is not exceeded. The curve shown in
Figure 15
shows typical RMS current ratings for several different aluminum electrolytic capacitor values.
This capacitor should be located close to the IC using short leads and the voltage rating should be approximately 1.5 times the maximum input voltage.
If solid tantalum input capacitors are used, it is recommended that they be surge current tested by the manufacturer.
Use caution when using ceramic capacitors for input bypass­ing, because it may cause severe ringing at the V
IN
pin.
For additional information, see section on input capaci­tors in Application Information section.
4. Input Capacitor (C
IN
)
The important parameters for the Input capacitor are the input voltage rating and the RMS current rating. With a nominal in­put voltage of 12V, an aluminum electrolytic capacitor with a voltage rating greater than 18V (1.5 x V
IN
) would be needed.
The next higher capacitor voltage rating is 25V. The RMS current rating requirement for the input capacitor in
a buck regulator is approximately
1
⁄2the DC load current. In this example, with a 400 mA load, a capacitor with a RMS cur­rent rating of at least 200 mA is needed. The curves shown in
Figure 15
can be used to select an appropriate input capaci­tor. From the curves, locate the 25V line and note which ca­pacitor values have RMS current ratings greater than 200 mA. Either a 47 µF or 68 µF, 25V capacitor could be used.
For a through hole design, a 68 µF/25V electrolytic capacitor (Panasonic HFQ series or Nichicon PL series or equivalent) would be adequate. Other types or other manufacturers ca­pacitors can be used provided the RMS ripple current ratings are adequate.
For surface mount designs, solid tantalum capacitors are rec­ommended. The TPS series available from AVX, and the 593D series from Sprague are both surge current tested.
www.national.com9
LM2597/LM2597HV Series Buck Regulator Design Procedure (Fixed Output)
(Continued)
Conditions Inductor Output Capacitor
Through Hole Surface Mount
Output Load Max Input Inductance Inductor Panasonic Nichicon AVX TPS Sprague
Voltage Current Voltage (µH) (
#
) HFQ Series PL Series Series 595D Series
(V) (A) (V) (µF/V) (µF/V) (µF/V) (µF/V)
3.3 0.5 5 33 L14 220/16 220/16 100/16 100/6.3
7 47 L13 120/25 120/25 100/16 100/6.3 10 68 L21 120/25 120/25 100/16 100/6.3 40 100 L20 120/35 120/35 100/16 100/6.3
6 68 L4 120/25 120/25 100/16 100/6.3
0.2 10 150 L10 120/16 120/16 100/16 100/6.3 40 220 L9 120/16 120/16 100/16 100/6.3
5 0.5 8 47 L13 180/16 180/16 100/16 33/25
10 68 L21 180/16 180/16 100/16 33/25 15 100 L20 120/25 120/25 100/16 33/25 40 150 L19 120/25 120/25 100/16 33/25
9 150 L10 82/16 82/16 100/16 33/25
0.2 20 220 L9 120/16 120/16 100/16 33/25 40 330 L8 120/16 120/16 100/16 33/25
12 0.5 15 68 L21 82/25 82/25 100/16 15/25
18 150 L19 82/25 82/25 100/16 15/25 30 220 L27 82/25 82/25 100/16 15/25 40 330 L26 82/25 82/25 100/16 15/25 15 100 L11 82/25 82/25 100/16 15/25
0.2 20 220 L9 82/25 82/25 100/16 15/25 40 330 L17 82/25 82/25 100/16 15/25
FIGURE 1. LM2597/LM2597HV Fixed Voltage Quick Design Component Selection Table
www.national.com 10
Loading...
+ 22 hidden pages