Nortel Networks NN46110-602 User Manual

Nortel VPN Router Troubleshooting

Version 7.00

Part No. NN46110-602 315900-E Rev 01 February 2007 Document status: Standard

600 Technology Park Drive Billerica, MA 01821-4130

The information in this document is subject to change without notice. The statements, configurations, technical data, and recommendations in this document are believed to be accurate and reliable, but are presented without express or implied warranty. Users must take full responsibility for their applications of any products specified in this document. The information in this document is proprietary to Nortel Networks.

The software described in this document is furnished under a license agreement and may be used only in accordance with the terms of that license. The software license agreement is included in this document.

Trademarks

Nortel Networks, the Nortel Networks logo, the Globemark, Unified Networks, and Nortel VPN Router are trademarks of Nortel Networks.

Adobe, Acrobat, and Acrobat Reader are trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated.

Macintosh is a trademark of Apple Computer, Inc.

Cisco and Cisco Systems are trademarks of Cisco Technology, Inc.

SafeNet is a trademark of SafeNet, Inc.

Linux is a trademark of Linus Torvalds.

Microsoft, MS-DOS, Windows, and Windows NT are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.

Netscape and Netscape Communicator are trademarks of Netscape Communications Corporation.

Network General Sniffer is a trademark of Network Associates, Inc.

NetWare, IPX, NetWare, and Novell are trademarks of Novell, Inc.

RSA and SecurID are trademarks of RSA Security Inc.

Java and JavaScript are trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc.

Ethernet is a trademark of Xerox Corporation.

The asterisk after a name denotes a trademarked item.

Restricted rights legend

Use, duplication, or disclosure by the United States Government is subject to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph (c)(1)(ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause at DFARS 252.227-7013.

Notwithstanding any other license agreement that may pertain to, or accompany the delivery of, this computer software, the rights of the United States Government regarding its use, reproduction, and disclosure are as set forth in the Commercial Computer Software-Restricted Rights clause at FAR 52.227-19.

Statement of conditions

In the interest of improving internal design, operational function, and/or reliability, Nortel Networks Inc. reserves the right to make changes to the products described in this document without notice.

Nortel Networks Inc. does not assume any liability that may occur due to the use or application of the product(s) or circuit layout(s) described herein.

NN46110-602

Portions of the code in this software product may be Copyright © 1988, Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. Redistribution and use in source and binary forms of such portions are permitted, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are duplicated in all such forms and that any documentation, advertising materials, and other materials related to such distribution and use acknowledge that such portions of the software were developed by the University of California, Berkeley. The name of the University may not be used to endorse or promote products derived from such portions of the software without specific prior written permission.

SUCH PORTIONS OF THE SOFTWARE ARE PROVIDED “AS IS” AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

In addition, the program and information contained herein are licensed only pursuant to a license agreement that contains restrictions on use and disclosure (that may incorporate by reference certain limitations and notices imposed by third parties).

Nortel Networks Inc. software license agreement

This Software License Agreement (“License Agreement”) is between you, the end-user (“Customer”) and Nortel Networks Corporation and its subsidiaries and affiliates (“Nortel Networks”). PLEASE READ THE FOLLOWING CAREFULLY. YOU MUST ACCEPT THESE LICENSE TERMS IN ORDER TO DOWNLOAD AND/OR USE THE SOFTWARE. USE OF THE SOFTWARE CONSTITUTES YOUR ACCEPTANCE OF THIS LICENSE AGREEMENT. If you do not accept these terms and conditions, return the Software, unused and in the original shipping container, within 30 days of purchase to obtain a credit for the full purchase price.

“Software” is owned or licensed by Nortel Networks, its parent or one of its subsidiaries or affiliates, and is copyrighted and licensed, not sold. Software consists of machine-readable instructions, its components, data, audio-visual content (such as images, text, recordings or pictures) and related licensed materials including all whole or partial copies. Nortel Networks grants you a license to use the Software only in the country where you acquired the Software. You obtain no rights other than those granted to you under this License Agreement. You are responsible for the selection of the Software and for the installation of, use of, and results obtained from the Software.

1. Licensed Use of Software. Nortel Networks grants Customer a nonexclusive license to use a copy of the Software on only one machine at any one time or to the extent of the activation or authorized usage level, whichever is applicable. To the extent Software is furnished for use with designated hardware or Customer furnished equipment (“CFE”), Customer is granted a nonexclusive license to use Software only on such hardware or CFE, as applicable. Software contains trade secrets and Customer agrees to treat Software as confidential information using the same care and discretion Customer uses with its own similar information that it does not wish to disclose, publish or disseminate. Customer will ensure that anyone who uses the Software does so only in compliance with the terms of this Agreement. Customer shall not a) use, copy, modify, transfer or distribute the Software except as expressly authorized; b) reverse assemble, reverse compile, reverse engineer or otherwise translate the Software; c) create derivative works or modifications unless expressly authorized; or d) sublicense, rent or lease the Software. Licensors of intellectual property to Nortel Networks are beneficiaries of this provision. Upon termination or breach of the license by Customer or in the event designated hardware or CFE is no longer in use, Customer will promptly return the Software to Nortel Networks or certify its destruction. Nortel Networks may audit by remote polling or other reasonable means to determine Customer’s Software activation or usage levels. If suppliers of third party software included in Software require Nortel Networks to include additional or different terms, Customer agrees to abide by such terms provided by Nortel Networks with respect to such third party software.

2. Warranty. Except as may be otherwise expressly agreed to in writing between Nortel Networks and Customer, Software is provided “AS IS” without any warranties (conditions) of any kind. NORTEL NETWORKS DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES (CONDITIONS) FOR THE SOFTWARE, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND ANY WARRANTY OF NON-INFRINGEMENT. Nortel Networks is not obligated to provide support of any kind for the Software. Some jurisdictions do not allow exclusion of implied warranties, and, in such event, the above exclusions may not apply.

Nortel VPN Router Troubleshooting

3. Limitation of Remedies. IN NO EVENT SHALL NORTEL NETWORKS OR ITS AGENTS OR SUPPLIERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY OF THE FOLLOWING: a) DAMAGES BASED ON ANY THIRD PARTY CLAIM; b) LOSS OF, OR DAMAGE TO, CUSTOMER’S RECORDS, FILES OR DATA; OR c) DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, PUNITIVE, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING LOST PROFITS OR SAVINGS), WHETHER IN CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE) ARISING OUT OF YOUR USE OF THE SOFTWARE, EVEN IF NORTEL NETWORKS, ITS AGENTS OR SUPPLIERS HAVE BEEN ADVISED OF THEIR POSSIBILITY. The forgoing limitations of remedies also apply to any developer and/or supplier of the Software. Such developer and/or supplier is an intended beneficiary of this Section. Some jurisdictions do not allow these limitations or exclusions and, in such event, they may not apply.

4. General

a. If Customer is the United States Government, the following paragraph shall apply: All Nortel Networks

Software available under this License Agreement is commercial computer software and commercial computer software documentation and, in the event Software is licensed for or on behalf of the United States Government, the respective rights to the software and software documentation are governed by Nortel Networks standard commercial license in accordance with U.S. Federal Regulations at 48 C.F.R. Sections

12.212 (for non-DoD entities) and 48 C.F.R. 227.7202 (for DoD entities).

b. Customer may terminate the license at any time. Nortel Networks may terminate the license if Customer fails

to comply with the terms and conditions of this license. In either event, upon termination, Customer must either return the Software to Nortel Networks or certify its destruction.

c. Customer is responsible for payment of any taxes, including personal property taxes, resulting from

Customer’s use of the Software. Customer agrees to comply with all applicable laws including all applicable export and import laws and regulations.

d. Neither party may bring an action, regardless of form, more than two years after the cause of the action arose.

e. The terms and conditions of this License Agreement form the complete and exclusive agreement between

Customer and Nortel Networks.

f. This License Agreement is governed by the laws of the country in which Customer acquires the Software. If

the Software is acquired in the United States, then this License Agreement is governed by the laws of the state of New York.

NN46110-602

Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Before you begin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Text conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Acronyms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Related publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Hard-copy technical manuals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

How to get help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Finding the latest updates on the Nortel Web site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Getting help from the Nortel Web site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Getting help over the phone from a Nortel Solutions Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Getting help from a specialist by using an Express Routing Code . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Getting help through a Nortel distributor or reseller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

New in this release. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25

SNMP traps when an IP address pool reaches the configured threshold . . . . . . . 25

Automatic backups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

PCAP enhancements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

SNMP interface index enhancement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Chapter 1

VPN Router administration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Administrator settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Lost user name and password—resetting the VPN Router to factory defaults . . . 28

Dynamic password . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

System configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

File management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Nortel VPN Router Troubleshooting

6 Contents

Chapter 2

Status and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Sessions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36

Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36

System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37

Health check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Accounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Logs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

Configuring SNMP traps to send notification when an IP address pool reaches the

configured threshold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Accounting records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

RADIUS accounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Data collection task . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Event log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

System log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

Security log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

Configuration log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

Chapter 3

Administrative tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Shutdown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

Accessing the diskette drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

Using the recovery diskette . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

Automatic backups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

Using the GUI for automatic backup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

Using the CLI for automatic backup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

NN46110-602

Transferring backup files through SFTP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

Triggering a backup when a file or directory changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

Backing up specific files and directories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

Stopping the backup of specific files and directories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

Backing up changes to specific files or directories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

Stopping the backup of changes to specific files or directories . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

Contents 7

Using SFTP to transfer backup files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

Stopping the transfer of backup files using SFTP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

Disabling new logins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

Upgrading the software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

Checking available disk space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

Creating a control tunnel to upgrade from a remote location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

Creating a recovery diskette . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

Backing up system files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

Retrieving the new software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

Before completing the upgrade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

Applying the software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

After you upgrade the software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

Chapter 4

Troubleshooting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

Troubleshooting tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

Client-based tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

System-based tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

Other tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

Solving connectivity problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

Diagnosing client connectivity problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

Common client connectivity problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

Problems with name resolution using DNS services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

Network browsing problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

Diagnosing WAN link problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

Hardware encryption accelerator connectivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

Solving performance problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

Eliminating modem errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

Performance tips for configuring Microsoft networking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

Additional information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

Solving general problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

Web browser problems and the VPN Client Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

Enabling Web browser options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

Web browser error messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

Reporting a problem with a Web browser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

Nortel VPN Router Troubleshooting

8 Contents

Solving routing problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

Solving firewall problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

Chapter 5

Packet capture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

System problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

Client address redistribution problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

PCAP features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104

Security features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

File format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

Capture types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106

Physical interface captures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106

Tunnel captures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106

Global IP captures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

Filters and triggers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

Capture filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

Triggers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

Saving captured data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

Memory considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

Performance considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

Enabling packet capture on a VPN Router . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111

Capturing packets to disk file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

Setting the PCAP file path . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

Setting the size of the RAM buffer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114

Setting the size of a disk capture file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114

Setting the maximum number of disk capture files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114

Saving captured data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

Configuring and running packet capture objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

Creating a capture object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

Starting, stopping, and saving capture objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

Using the show capture command to display capture status . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

Sample packet capture configurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

Interface capture object using a filter and direction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

Interface capture object using triggers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122

Tunnel capture object using a remote IP address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124

NN46110-602

Contents 9

Viewing a packet capture output file on a PC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125

Installing Ethereal software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125

Saving, downloading, and viewing PCAP files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

Viewing a PCAP file with Sniffer Pro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127

Deleting capture objects and disabling packet capture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128

Appendix A

MIB support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131

SNMP RFC support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131

Novell IPX MIB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131

Novell RIP-SAP MIB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131

RFC 1850—OSPF Version 2 Management Information Base . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131

RFC 1724—RIP Version 2 MIB Extension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132

RFC 1213—Network Management of TCP/IP-Based Internets MIB . . . . . . . . . . 132

RFC 2667—IP Tunnel MIB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132

RFC 2787—VRRP MIB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133

RFC 2737—Entity MIB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133

RFC 1573—IanaIfType MIB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134

RFC 2233—If MIB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134

RFC 2571—Snmp-Framework MIB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134

RFC2790—Host Resources MIB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134

RFC2495—DS1 MIB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135

RFC2863 Interface MIB (64 bit counters support) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136

VPN Router MIB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136

cestraps.mib—Nortel proprietary MIB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137

newoak.mib . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139

Hardware-related traps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140

Server-related traps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144

Software-related traps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146

Intrusion-related traps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

System-related traps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

Information passed with every trap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148

Nortel VPN Router Troubleshooting

10 Contents

Appendix B

Using serial PPP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165

Establishing a serial PPP connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165

Troubleshooting Serial PPP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169

PPP option settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171

Appendix C

System messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173

Certificate messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173

ISAKMP messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175

Branch office messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178

SSL messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179

Database messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180

Security messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181

RADIUS accounting messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191

RADIUS authentication messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194

Routing messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198

Hardware messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204

Setting up a Dial-Up Networking connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166

Setting up the modem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167

Setting up the VPN Router . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167

Dialing in to the VPN Router . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169

Appendix D

Configuring for interoperability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207

Configuring the Cisco 2514 router, Version 11.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207

Configuring the VPN Router for Cisco interoperability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210

Configuring the SafeNet/Soft-PK Security Policy Database Editor, Version 1.0s . . . . 211

Connecting to IRE SafeNET/Soft-PK Security Policy Client . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212

Configuring the VPN Router for IRE interoperability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215

Third-party client installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216

Considerations for using third-party clients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217

Configuring the VPN Router as a branch office tunnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219

Configuring the VPN Router as a user tunnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220

Configuring IPX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222

NN46110-602

Contents 11

IPX client . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223

Windows 95 and Windows 98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224

Windows NT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224

IPX group configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224

Sample IPX VPN Router topology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224

Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227

Nortel VPN Router Troubleshooting

12 Contents

NN46110-602

Figures

Figure 1 Admin > SNMP Traps window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Figure 2 Event logs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

Figure 3 Capture and display filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

Figure 4 Configure Display Entity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

Figure 5 Recovery Diskette window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

Figure 6 Automatic backup window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

Figure 7 Specific Automatic Backup window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

Figure 8 Disable new logins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

Figure 9 FTP menu example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

Figure 10 FTP menu with subdirectory example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

Figure 11 VPN Router and Cisco 2514 network topology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208

Figure 12 VPN Router and IRE SafeNet network topology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211

Figure 13 Split tunneling example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221

Figure 14 IPX topology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225

Nortel VPN Router Troubleshooting

14 Figures

NN46110-602

Tables

Table 1 Field IDs for data collection records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

Table 2 Troubleshooting tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

Table 3 Trap categories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149

Table 4 VPN Router traps MIB descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150

Table 5 DIP switch configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167

Nortel VPN Router Troubleshooting

16 Tables

NN46110-602

Preface

This guide provides information about how to manage and troubleshoot the Nortel VPN Router.

Before you begin

This guide is for network managers who monitor and maintain the Nortel VPN Router. This guide assumes that you have experience with system administration and familiarity with network management.

Text conventions

This guide uses the following text conventions:

angle brackets (< >) Indicate that you choose the text to enter based on the

description inside the brackets. Do not type the brackets when entering the command.

Example: If the command syntax is

ping <ip_address>, you enter ping 192.32.10.12

bold Courier text

Indicates command names and options and text that you need to enter.

Example: Use the Example: Enter

show health command.

terminal paging {off | on}.

Nortel VPN Router Troubleshooting

18 Preface

braces ({}) Indicate required elements in syntax descriptions where

there is more than one option. You must choose only one of the options. Do not type the braces when entering the command.

Example: If the command syntax is

source {external | internal}

ldap-server source external or

either

ldap-server source internal

ldap-server

, you must enter

, but not both.

brackets ([ ]) Indicate optional elements in syntax descriptions. Do

not type the brackets when entering the command. Example: If the command syntax is

show ntp [associations], you can enter

show ntp or show ntp associations.

either Example: If the command syntax is default rsvp

[token-bucket default rsvp, default rsvp token-bucket depth, or default rsvp token-bucket rate.

{depth | rate}], you can enter

ellipsis points (. . . ) Indicate that you repeat the last element of the

command as needed. Example: If the command syntax is

more diskn:<directory>/...<file_name>,

you enter

more and the fully qualified name of the file.

NN46110-602

italic text Indicates new terms, book titles, and variables in

command syntax descriptions. Where a variable is two or more words, the words are connected by an underscore.

Example: If the command syntax is

ping <ip_address>, ip_address is one variable

and you substitute one value for it.

plain Courier text

Indicates system output, for example, prompts and system messages.

Example:

File not found.

separator ( > ) Shows menu paths.

Example: Choose Status > Health Check.

Preface 19

Acronyms

vertical line (

| ) Separates choices for command keywords and

arguments. Enter only one of the choices. Do not type the vertical line when entering the command.

Example: If the command syntax is

terminal paging {off | on}, you enter either terminal paging off or terminal paging on,

but not both.

This guide uses the following acronyms:

ADSL

ARP

AT M

CHAP

asynchronous digital subscriber line

Address Resolution Protocol

asynchronous transfer mode

certificate authority

Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol

CMP Internet Control Message Protocol

DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

DNS Domain Name System

FTP File Transfer Protocol

HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol

ICMP Certificate Management Protocol

IKE IPsec Key Exchange

IP Internet Protocol

IPsec IP Security

IPX Internetwork Packet Exchange

ISDN BRI integrated services digital network basic-rate

interface

ISP Internet service provider

L2F Layer 2 Forwarding

Nortel VPN Router Troubleshooting

20 Preface

L2TP Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol

LAN local area network

LDAP Lightweight Directory Access Protocol

NAT Network Address Translation

OSI Open Systems Interconnection

OSPF Open Shortest Path First

PAP Password Authentication Protocol

PCAP packet capture

PDN public data network

POP point of presence

PPP Point-to-Point Protocol

PPTP Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol

RADIUS Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service

RIP Routing Information Protocol

SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol

NN46110-602

UDP User Datagram Protocol

URL uniform resource locator

VPN virtual private network

VRRP Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol

WAN wide area network

XNS Xerox Networking System

Related publications

For more information about the Nortel VPN Router, see the following publications:

• Release notes provide the latest information, including brief descriptions of the new features, problems fixed in this release, and known problems and workarounds.

• Nortel VPN Router Configuration — Basic Features (NN46110-500) introduces the product and provides information about initial setup and configuration.

• Nortel VPN Router Configuration — SSL VPN Services (NN46110-501) provides instructions for configuring services on the SSL VPN Module 1000, including authentication, networks, user groups, and portal links.

• Nortel VPN Router Security — Servers, Authentication, and Certificates (NN46110-600) provides instructions for configuring authentication services and digital certificates.

• Nortel VPN Router Security — Firewalls, Filters, NAT, and QoS (NN46110-601) provides instructions for configuring the Stateful Firewall and VPN Router interface and tunnel filters.

• Nortel VPN Router Configuration — Advanced Features (NN46110-502) provides instructions for configuring advanced LAN and WAN settings, PPP, frame relay, PPPoE, ADSL and ATM, T1CSU/DSU, dial services and BIS, DLSw, IPX, and SSL VPN.

• Nortel VPN Router Configuration — Tunneling Protocols (NN46110-503) configuration information for the tunneling protocols IPsec, L2TP, PPTP, and L2F.

• Nortel VPN Router Configuration—Routing (NN46110-504) provides instructions for configuring RIP, OSPF, and VRRP, as well as instructions for configuring ECMP, routing policy services, and client address redistribution (CAR).

• Nortel VPN Router Using the Command Line Interface (NN46110-507) provides syntax, descriptions, and examples for the commands that you can use from the command line interface.

• Nortel VPN Router Configuration — TunnelGuard (NN46110-307) provides information about configuring and using the TunnelGuard feature.

Preface 21

Nortel VPN Router Troubleshooting

22 Preface

Hard-copy technical manuals

You can print selected technical manuals and release notes free, directly from the Internet. Go to www.nortelnetworks.com/documentation, find the product for which you need documentation, then locate the specific category and model or version for your hardware or software product. Use Adobe Reader to open the manuals and release notes, search for the sections you need, and print them on most standard printers. Go to the Adobe Web site at the www.adobe.com to download a free copy of the Adobe Reader.

How to get help

This section explains how to get help for Nortel products and services.

Finding the latest updates on the Nortel Web site

The content of this documentation was current at the time the product was released. To check for updates to the latest documentation and software for VPN Router, click one of the following links:

NN46110-602

Link to Takes you directly to the

Latest software Nortel page for VPN Router software located at:

www130.nortelnetworks.com/cgi-bin/eserv/cs/ main.jsp?cscat=SOFTWARE&resetFilter=1&poid =12325

Latest documentation Nortel page for VPN Router documentation

located at:

www130.nortelnetworks.com/cgi-bin/eserv/cs/ main.jsp?cscat=DOCUMENTATION&resetFilter= 1&poid=12325

Preface 23

Getting help from the Nortel Web site

The best way to get technical support for Nortel products is from the Nortel Technical Support Web site:

www.nortel.com/support

This site provides quick access to software, documentation, bulletins, and tools to address issues with Nortel products. From this site, you can:

• download software, documentation, and product bulletins

• search the Technical Support Web site and the Nortel Knowledge Base for answers to technical issues

• sign up for automatic notification of new software and documentation for Nortel equipment

• open and manage technical support cases

Getting help over the phone from a Nortel Solutions Center

If you do not find the information you require on the Nortel Technical Support Web site, and you have a Nortel support contract, you can also get help over the phone from a Nortel Solutions Center.

In North America, call 1-800-4NORTEL (1-800-466-7835).

Outside North America, go to the following web site to obtain the phone number for your region:

www.nortel.com/callus

Getting help from a specialist by using an Express Routing Code

To access some Nortel Technical Solutions Centers, you can use an Express Routing Code (ERC) to quickly route your call to a specialist in your Nortel product or service. To locate the ERC for your product or service, go to:

www.nortel.com/erc

Nortel VPN Router Troubleshooting

24 Preface

Getting help through a Nortel distributor or reseller

If you purchased a service contract for your Nortel product from a distributor or authorized reseller, contact the technical support staff for that distributor or reseller.

NN46110-602

New in this release

The following section details what is new in Nortel VPN Router Troubleshooting for Release 7.0.

Features

See the following sections for information about feature changes:

• SNMP traps when an IP address pool reaches the configured threshold

• Automatic backups

• PCAP enhancements

• SNMP interface index enhancement

SNMP traps when an IP address pool reaches the configured threshold

You can configure the VPN Router so that a Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) trap sends a notification about an exhausted pool when a defined IP address pool reaches a configured limit. The list of IP address pools is periodically traversed and sends a trap if any pool is over the quota. You can set the limit and the default is 70%.

For more information about trap notification when the IP pool reaches a certain capacity, see “Configuring SNMP traps to send notification when an IP address

pool reaches the configured threshold” on page 32.

Nortel VPN Router Troubleshooting

26 New in this release

Automatic backups

You can now back up a file or a directory, as well as trigger a backup, when a file changes. Previously, you could only back up system, configuration, and log files. You can use either the graphical user interface (GUI) or the command line interface (CLI) to configure automated backup.

You can also now use a Secure File Transfer Protocol (SFTP) client as well as File Transfer Protocol (FTP) to transfer backup files. You can use either the GUI or the CLI to activate SFTP.

For more information about automatic backups, see “Automatic backups” on

page 52.

PCAP enhancements

You can now capture packets to disk files. Previously, you could capture packets to random access memory (RAM) only. There are five new commands for the command line interface (CLI) of the VPN Router. You must use the CLI to configure Packet Capture (PCAP).

SNMP interface index enhancement

NN46110-602

For more information about PCAP enhancements, see “Capturing packets to disk

file” on page 113.

Third-party network management systems (NMS) rely on interface index (IfIndex) numbers to monitor and gather statistics for devices through SNMP. These locally significant numbers are assigned to the physical and virtual interfaces on the device and enable the NMS to associate statistics with interfaces. Previously, when a branch office tunnel came up, it was assigned a dynamic IfIndex number. Only up tunnels were reported; any down tunnels were not reported.

With the enhancement, each branch office is assigned a static IfIndex, the IfIndex is saved in LDAP, and tunnels are reported even when they are down.

For more information about the IfIndex enhancement, see “RFC 1213—Network

Management of TCP/IP-Based Internets MIB” on page 132.

Chapter 1 VPN Router administration

This chapter introduces administrator settings, tools, system configuration, and file management. It also includes information about SNMP traps.

Administrator settings

The VPN Router supports multiple administrators. You can assign different rights to allow or prevent administrative users from managing or viewing the VPN Router and user configuration information. You assign administrative privileges and rights on the Profiles > User > Edit window. The VPN Router also supports a primary administrator.

You can assign one of the following priviledge levels to the Manage Switch and Manage Users:

• None—This user does not have administrator rights to manage the VPN Router or to manage users; the user cannot view or manage configuration or user settings.

• View—This user has administrator rights to view (monitor) VPN Router configuration or user rights settings; however, the user cannot manage (change) them. This is the lowest level of administrator rights.

• Manage—This user has administrator rights to view (monitor) and manage (configure) other VPN Router configuration or user rights settings. This is the highest level of administrative rights.

• Add Subgroups is a check box that gives the user the authority to add and delete subgroups under the given directory when the user has View only authority with Manage Switch access rights.

Nortel VPN Router Troubleshooting

28 Chapter 1 VPN Router administration

You use the Administrator Settings window to do the following:

• change the primary administrator user ID and password

• control the Administrator Idle Timeout Setting for all administrators

• control the default language

• control the serial port settings

There is only one primary administrator. The primary administrator user ID and password combination do the following:

• provide the user with access to all windows and control settings

• allows access to the serial port and the recovery disk

Note: Once you set the primary administrator user ID and password, you must implement an Admin > Shutdown to save the new settings. Doing a reset (using the Reset button on the back of the VPN Router) does not save the settings.

You can change the primary administrator user ID and password on the Admin > Administrator window.

Lost user name and password—resetting the VPN Router to factory defaults

NN46110-602

You can set the VPN Router back to the factory default configuration even if you do not know the administrator username and password. To do this:

1 Boot the VPN Router into recovery mode.

2 Open a browser to the management IP address of the VPN Router. You do not

need a user name and password for this step.

3 Reset to factory default. After you reset to factory default, the administrator

user name is admin and the password is setup.

Caution: Resetting to factory default removes all existing configuration information.

Dynamic password

Two types of administrative users exist on the VPN Router:

• one super-user (Administrator)

• as many administrative users as needed

There is dynamic password support for administrative users only. The Administrator still requires a static password.

RADIUS manages the dynamic password. The external RADIUS service acts as an intermediary between the VPN Router and the dynamic password authentication system.

To configure a dynamic password:

1 Select Profiles > Users and click Add User.

2 Under Administration Privileges, select Dynamic Authentication.

When enabled, this forces administrative users to authenticate through RADIUS, which then forwards authentication credentials to a dynamic password authentication system, such as SecurID. The privileges associated with this administrative user are configured as before.

Chapter 1 VPN Router administration 29

Tools

The VPN Router supports standard IP tools such as ping, Traceroute, and ARP

show and delete. You access these tools through the Admin > Too ls wi nd ow.

The

ping command generates an ICMP echo-request message, which any host

can send to test node reachability across a network. The ICMP echo-reply message indicates that the node is successfully reached.

Nortel VPN Router Troubleshooting

30 Chapter 1 VPN Router administration

The Traceroute tool measures a network round-trip delay. Messages are sent per hop and the wait occurs between each message. If the address is unreachable, it uses the following formula to determine how long it takes for the Traceroute to time out.

maximum hops (30) x the wait timeout (5) x 3 seconds

The Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) dynamically discovers the low-level physical network hardware address that corresponds to the high-level IP address for a host. ARP is limited to physical network systems that support broadcast packets that are heard by all hosts on the network.

System configuration

Use the Admin > Config window to save the current or delete existing system configuration files. Additionally, you can select one of the previously named configurations and restore it as the current configuration.

File management

Use the Admin > File System > File System Maintenance window to navigate through the VPN Router file system. This window lists the devices (drives) and directories, which provides flexibility in viewing details of a file or directory and allows you to delete unnecessary files. For example, if you have problems performing an FTP transfer with a specific file, you can view the file details to learn its file size and when it was last modified for troubleshooting purposes. Additionally, you can toggle between hard drives when a backup drive is available.

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