Nortel Networks 3395A, 3395 User Manual

Using the Model 3395/3395A

APGEN Utility

SynOptics Communications, Inc.

4401 Great America Parkway

Santa Clara, CA 95052-8185

(408) 988-2400

893-769-A July 1994

Trademarks

SynOptics Communications, SynOptics, Optivity, and LattisNet are registered trademarks of SynOptics Communications, Inc. System 3000 and SynOptics Press are trademarks of SynOptics Communications, Inc.

Other brand and product names are registered trademarks or trademarks of their respective holders.

Statement of Conditions

In the interest of improving internal design, operational function, and/or reliability, SynOptics Communications, Inc. reserves the right to make changes to the products described in this document without notice.

SynOptics Communications, Inc. does not assume any liability that may occur due to the use or application of the product(s) or circuit layout(s) described herein.

Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Statement

Note: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy. If it is not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, it may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference, in which case users will be required to take whatever measures may be necessary to correct the interference at their own expense.

Electromagnetic Emissions

Meets requirements of: FCC Part 15, Subparts A and B, Class A EN 55 022 (CISPR 22:1985), Class A General License VDE 0871, Class B (AmtsblVfg No. 243/1991 and Vfg 46/1992) VCCI Class 1 ITE

ii 893-769-A

Preface

Organization................................................................................................................................................vii

Conventions................................................................................................................................................viii

Related Documentation .............................................................................................................................. ix

SynOptics Customer Support......................................................................................................................ix

Chapter 1 - Introduction to Model 3395 Host-based Management

Support for Load Servers and Parameter Servers....................................................................................... 1-2

SynOptics Network Management Products................................................................................................ 1-3

Optivity................................................................................................................................................ 1-3

SNMP.................................................................................................................................................. 1-3

Terminal Server Host-based Management Features.................................................................................. 1-4

The csportd Daemon............................................................................................................................ 1-4

Command Scripts ................................................................................................................................ 1-4

Dial-back Scripts ................................................................................................................................. 1-5

Nested Menus......................................................................................................................................1-5

The APGEN Utility .................................................................................................................................... 1-5

Chapter 2 - Installing the APGEN Utility

General Network Configuration ................................................................................................................. 2-1

Configuring the Terminal Server for Use with APGEN ............................................................................ 2-2

Defining a UNIX Host as a Parameter Server..................................................................................... 2-2

Defining the UNIX Script Server........................................................................................................ 2-3

Configuring the UNIX Host as a Script Server.......................................................................................... 2-3

Directory Requirements....................................................................................................................... 2-4

The Secure TFTP Option..................................................................................................................... 2-5

Running the APGEN Installation Script..................................................................................................... 2-5

Chapter 3 - Using the APGEN Utility

Using the APGEN Command and Options ................................................................................................ 3-2

Creating the APGEN Script File................................................................................................................. 3-4

Using the -verbose Option................................................................................................................... 3-4

About Comment Lines in the Script.................................................................................................... 3-5

Converting the Entire Parameter File With the -all Option................................................................. 3-5

Converting a Portion of a Parameter File............................................................................................ 3-10

Editing the Script File to Modify Command Lines.................................................................................... 3-11

Changing the Values of Terminal Server Characteristics....................................................................3-11

Entering Terminal Server Passwords .................................................................................................. 3-11

Enabling Configurable and Keyed Features........................................................................................ 3-12

Executing the APGEN Script File..............................................................................................................3-15

Initializing the Terminal Server After Running a Script..................................................................... 3-17

Troubleshooting the Script File........................................................................................................... 3-17

Updating APGEN Script Files.................................................................................................................... 3-18

iii 893-769-A

Chapter 4 - Using UNIX Utilities With APGEN Script Files

Using the diff Utility to Compare Two APGEN Script Files .....................................................................4-1

Creating a File with the diff Utility......................................................................................................4-1

Using the grep Utility to Search Through an APGEN file..........................................................................4-3

Displaying Command Lines ................................................................................................................4-3

Creating a Script File ...........................................................................................................................4-4

Appendix A - A Sample APGEN -all Script Appendix B - A Sample APGEN -verbose Script

Index

iv 893-769-A

Figures

1-1 Different types of hosts on the network........................................................................................... 1-1

1-2 A portion of an APGEN script file................................................................................................... 1-6

1-3 Sending APGEN script files to terminal servers on the network..................................................... 1-7

2-1 A network configuration that supports the APGEN utility.............................................................. 2-2

2-2 An example of a script server directory structure............................................................................ 2-4

2-3 APGEN files .................................................................................................................................... 2-6

3-1 A parameter file header from an APGEN script file........................................................................ 3-4

v 893-769-A

Preface

This manual introduces some of the tools that you can use to manage the Model 3395 Terminal Server from a host on the network. In particular, it describes how to use the Model 3395 ASCII Parameter File Generator (APGEN) utility. This utility converts a binary terminal server parameter file into an ASCII script file, which you can download from the host to a communications server.

This manual is for network managers who update and maintain Model 3395 Terminal Server parameter files, and who have some knowledge of the UNIX operating system. This manual assumes that the terminal server hardware is installed, and that the server is running with a load image and a parameter file. Readers will use this manual with other terminal server documentation, listed at the end of this Preface.

Organization

This manual contains the following chapters: Chapter 1 Introduces different Model 3395 host-based management products, including the APGEN

utility.

Chapter 2 Describes how to configure the UNIX host and the terminal server to support the

APGEN utility. This chapter also describes how to install the APGEN utility on the UNIX host with the Install script.

Chapter 3 Describes how to use the apgen command to create ASCII script files, how to edit these

files, and how to execute a script file from the terminal server. Chapter 4 Describes how to use UNIX tools, including diff and grep, to analyze APGEN script files. Appendix A Includes a complete APGEN script created with the -all option. Appendix B Includes a complete APGEN script created with the -verbose option.

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Preface

Conventions

Throughout this manual, the word “Enter” means type something and then press the <New Line>, <Return>, or <Enter> key; for example, “Enter the apgen command” means type the word apgen and then press the <New Line>, <Return>, or <Enter> key.

This manual also uses the following conventions:

command required [optional] [

Where Means

command You must enter the command, or its accepted abbreviation, as shown. required You must enter an argument, or its accepted abbreviation, as shown. [optional] You have the option of entering this argument or variable. Do not

[

optional

Additionally, this manual uses certain symbols in special ways:

Symbol Means

TS3395> This is the default Model 3395 command interface prompt at Nonprivileged ports. TS3395>> This is the default Model 3395 command interface prompt at Privileged ports. % This is the UNIX C shell prompt.

In examples, this manual uses

This typeface to show your entry and the responses and screens from the Model 3395 Terminal Server.

This typeface to show responses from remote hosts and devices on the network. This typeface also shows commands or arguments that are variable, such as “hostname.”

] type the [optional] brackets; they only set off what is optional.

optional

]

viii 893-769-A

Preface

SynOptics Customer Support

For assistance with installing and configuring your SynOptics systems or for post-installation questions or problems, contact your local reseller. If you cannot contact your local reseller, call the SynOptics Technical Response Center (TRC) Contract Hotline.

To contact the TRC Contract Hotline, call:

• U.S. and Canada: 1-800-473-4911

• Europe: 011-31-3480-31616

• Rest of the world: 408-764-1000 Technical information is available from the SynOptics InfoFACTS fax-on-demand system by calling:

• U.S. and Canada: 1-800-786-3228

• International: 408-764-1002 You can also access technical information in the SynOptics forum on CompuServe. For information about our education services, contact the SynOptics Training Coordinator at

1-800-473-4911 or 408-764-1018.

893-769-A ix

Chapter 1

Introduction to Model 3395

Host-Based Management

The Model 3395 Terminal Server includes several tools that allow you to manage them from a host on the network. Command scripts and the ASCII Parameter File Generator utility (APGEN), are part of the terminal server software package. This chapter briefly describes several different host-based tools and how they can help you manage your Model 3395. It also introduces the APGEN utility, which the remaining chapters of this book describe in detail.

Figure 1-1 shows a local area network (LAN) with different types of hosts that you can use to run the tools described in this chapter. Not every type of host supports every management tool.

Model 3000 Hub

VAX/ULTRIX Host

UNIX Host

with Model 3395

Terminal Server

Model 3000 Hub with Model 3395

Terminal Server

Figure 1-1. Different types of hosts on the network

VAX/VMS Host

UNIX SUN

Workstation

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Introduction

The host-based management tools that Model 3395 Terminal Server offers to support its product line include the following:

• Support for Load Servers and Parameter Servers

• SynOptics Network Management Products

• Communications Server Host-Based Management Features

• The APGEN Utility The remaining chapters of this manual provide detailed information about the APGEN utility.

Support for Load Servers and Parameter Servers

UNIX® hosts and VAX hosts, running VMS or ULTRIX, can supply the operating software, or load image, to Model 3395 Terminal Servers on the network. These hosts can also maintain the parameter files for Model 3395 Terminal Servers and receive diagnostic files from these products if a problem occurs. Hosts that offer these services function as load servers, parameter servers, and dump servers for Model 3395 Terminal Servers.

You can configure one or more hosts as load servers and parameter servers while also using Model 3395 Terminal Servers as load servers and parameter servers. For example, you might use a Model 3395 Terminal Server as the primary load server and parameter server for other Model 3395 Terminal Servers in a System 3000 chassis. You can also use a host as a backup parameter server and another host as a back up load server for the products in the chassis.

When you order software from SynOptics, you specify whether you will need a UNIX kit or a VAX/VMS kit. SynOptics sends you the appropriate software kit and documentation for the load server. For more information about how to configure UNIX hosts and VAX/VMS hosts as load servers, parameter servers, and dump servers, see the following manuals:

• Model 3395 Terminal Server Software Installation Guide, UNIX (SynOptics part number 893-184-B), which describes procedures that you use to install Model 3395 software on UNIX hosts.

• Model 3395 Terminal Server Software Installation Guide, VMS (SynOptics part number 893-163-B), which describes procedures that you use to install Model 3395 software on VAX/VMS hosts.

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Introduction

SynOptics Network Management Products

SynOptics offers its own network management product, called Optivity, as well as support for the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP), which is an industry standard protocol.

Optivity

Optivity is a software package for the management of SynOptics networks. Just as the Model 3395 Terminal Server is integrated into the System 3000 hub, management of the Model 3395 Terminal Server is integrated into the Optivity network management application. Optivity is designed to work with popular UNIX- and DOS-based management platforms such as Sun Microsystem's SunNet Manager, Novell's NetWare Management System, IBM's NetView/6000, and Hewlett-Packard's OpenView.

Contact your local SynOptics representative for more information on Optivity.

SNMP

The Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is an Internet protocol defined by RFC1157 that specifies how network management information is carried through a network. Model 3395 Terminal Servers store information defined in RFC 1213, Management Information Base (MIB), as well as many other standard and Model 3395 MIBs. This information is available when requested through SNMP.

Refer to the software documentation supplied with your Model 3395 Terminal Server for more information about SNMP support.

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Introduction

Terminal Server Host-based Management Features

The terminal server software package provides several features that you can use on a host to manage terminal servers on the network. These include the following:

• The Csportd daemon

• Command scripts

• Dial-back scripts

• Nested menus

The Software Management Guide for the Model 3395/3395A Terminal Server describes these features in detail. The APGEN utility, another communications server host-based management feature, is described in the next section.

The csportd Daemon

The csportd daemon is a UNIX host-based daemon that you use to make connections to a port and transfer, or pipe, data to and from that port. You can use this connection to send a file or user data to a port, for printing to PostScript printers, or as a permanent connection between a host and a specific port. The csportd daemon is a Model 3395-proprietary daemon that you implement as a utility at a UNIX host. You can use csportd in place the of the tsvr_ptyd daemon and tsvr_filter, although Model 3395 Terminal Servers still includes these features in the terminal server software kit.

The csportd daemon comes with an installation script and a MAN page. You copy it from a UNIX media kit onto the host, and then install it with the installation script. You can install the csportd daemon on any UNIX host running BSD and AT&T System V UNIX operating systems, and has also been tested on hosts running the AIX, MIPS, HP/UX, and ULTRIX operating systems.

Command Scripts

The Model 3395 script feature allows you to create a file, or script, that contains one or more Model 3395 commands and to store the script on a host, or script server. UNIX hosts and VAX/VMS hosts can function as command script servers. When you execute the SCRIPT command on the terminal server, the host downloads the script to the terminal server. The command processor on the terminal server automatically executes the commands.

You can configure a terminal server port to request the script file automatically when a user logs on to the port, or you can allow the user to request the script file. You create script files on the script server using a text editor. The script server can be a host system that supports the Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP).

The way you use scripts to manage terminal server ports depends on the content of the script file and whether or not you configure the port to execute the script automatically or allow the user to execute the script.

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Introduction

Dial-back Scripts

If a port on a terminal server is a “dial-back” modem port, you can create a dial-back script to enhance security on the modem port. The dial-back script specifies the telephone number to dial when a specific user attempts to log on to the server through a modem. If the terminal server cannot find a script file for that user, it will not permit the user to log in. If it does find a script file for the user, the server will cause the modem to dial back that user at a designated telephone number. You can use the dial-back script with a login script for dial-back ports.

Nested Menus

The Nested Menus feature allows you to create a series of menus with options that can execute terminal server commands or open another menu. You create the nested menus in a menu file which resides on a host defined as a script server. The terminal server obtains the menu file from the script server and uses the menus to override the Model 3395 command interface. You can enable or require nested menus at specific ports or in a user's login script.

If you require nested menus at a port, you can prevent users at that port from gaining access to the Model 3395 command interface. The users will only have access to the options on the menu. To change these options, you can modify the menu file on the host.

The APGEN Utility

The ASCII Parameter File Generator (APGEN) utility, which runs on a UNIX host, converts a binary communications server parameter file to an ASCII script file. The script file contains the Model 3395 DEFINE commands that specify the values for parameters on the terminal server. You download the script file from the host to a terminal server on the network with the Model 3395 SCRIPT command. The APGEN utility can convert compressed or uncompressed parameter files.

The following Model 3395 Terminal Server products support the APGEN Utility:

• Terminal servers, running version 5.1 or greater of Model 3395 software

893-769-A 1 -5

Introduction

Figure 1-2 represents a part of an APGEN script file for a terminal server. This portion of the script file lists the commands which define terminal server features.

#echo Server Features # # DEFINE SERVER PROTOCOL TELNET ENABLED LAT ENABLED DEFINE SERVER PROTOCOL PPP ENABLED # DEFINE SERVER PROTOCOL SNMP ENABLED # DEFINE SERVER PROTOCOL TN3270 DISABLED # DEFINE SERVER PROTOCOL XPRINTER ENABLED # DEFINE SERVER PROTOCOL XREMOTE DISABLED # DEFINE SERVER PROTOCOL ARAP DISABLED DEFINE SERVER RLOGIN ENABLED DEFINE SERVER IPX PROTOCOL ETHERNET ENABLED DEFINE SERVER IPX PROTOCOL MAC DISABLED DEFINE SERVER KERBEROS DISABLED #

Figure 1-2. A portion of an APGEN script file

Chapter 3 and Appendixes A and B include more examples of APGEN script files. The apgen command, which creates the script file, allows you to convert an entire parameter file or just a

portion of it which includes the commands that define a particular feature. You can create a script file that includes only the server features in Figure 1-2 for example. These smaller scripts take less time to edit and execute than larger files, and provide an efficient method changing a limited portion of the parameter file.

Once you create the script file, you can edit it with any ASCII text editor. You can enable and disable features, specify particular values for characteristics, and change text strings. The result is a script that represents a tailored parameter file that you can download to terminal servers anywhere on the network. APGEN script files also provide a record if the parameters available on a particular terminal server and their status at any given time.

You can create APGEN script files for each type of terminal server on your network. Figure 1-3 represents a UNIX script server sending APGEN script files to the different types of terminal servers on a LAN.

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Introduction

Model 3000 Hub with Model 3395

Terminal Server

UNIX Host with

APGEN Script Files

Model 3000 Hub with Model 3395

Terminal Server

LAN

Model 3000 Hub with Model 3395

Terminal Server

Figure 1-3. Sending APGEN script files to terminal servers on the network

A user at a terminal server on the network in Figure 1-3 can execute the SCRIPT command to download the APGEN script from the script server. The user then initializes the communications server for the DEFINE commands in the script to take effect. You can use UNIX utilities, such as diff and grep, to analyze different script files on the host through compare and search functions.

The remaining chapters of this book describe how to install and use the APGEN utility. These chapters provide the following information:

• How to install the apgen utility

• How to create apgen scripts

• How to use UNIX utilities to analyze APGEN scripts

893-769-A 1 -7

Chapter 2

Installing the APGEN Utility

The APGEN utility comes with an installation script and a MAN page. You copy the utility from a Model 3395 UNIX media kit into a directory on the UNIX host, then install it using the installation script. You can install the APGEN utility on any UNIX host running the BSD or the AT&T System V UNIX operating systems. It has also been tested on hosts running the AIX, MIPS, HP/UX, and ULTRIX operating systems.

This chapter includes the following information about APGEN:

• General network configuration

• Configuring the terminal server for use with APGEN

• Configuring the UNIX host as a script server

• Running the APGEN installation script

General Network Configuration

To use the APGEN utility, you need to configure a UNIX host as a parameter server and as a script server. These can be the same host or different hosts on the network. Figure 2-1 represents a network configuration with a UNIX host running APGEN that also functions as the parameter and the script server.

893-769-A 2-1

Installing the APGEN Utility

Model 3000 Hub with Model 3395

Terminal Server

LAN

VAX/ULTRIX Host

Backup

Parameter

Server

UNIX Host

Running APGEN

Parameter

Server

Script

Server

Model 3000 Hub with Model 3395

Terminal Server

Figure 2-1. A network configuration that supports the APGEN utility

In Figure 2-1, the UNIX host running the APGEN utility is also a parameter server and a script server for the terminal servers in the System 3000 hubs. To obtain an APGEN script file, a user on a terminal server enters the Model 3395 SCRIPT command with the pathname and filename of the script file on the host. This UNIX host can then download the script file to the terminal server.

Configuring the Terminal Server for Use with APGEN

Your terminal server may already have a UNIX host defined as a parameter server and a script server. If not, you need to define one or more hosts for this purpose to use the APGEN utility. You can use the same or different hosts. You must also be sure that Telnet is enabled on the terminal server , and that you have assigned an Internet address to it.

Defining a UNIX Host as a Parameter Server

The APGEN utility uses a parameter file on a UNIX host to create the script file. You can copy a parameter file from some other source, such as a VAX/VMS host, onto a UNIX host, or you can assign a UNIX host as a parameter server. Use the following commands to do this:

DEFINE/SET PARAMETER SERVER

address

node-name

INTERNET ADDRESS

internet-

2-2 893-769-A

Installing the APGEN Utility

The following are examples of these commands:

TS3395>> define parameter server xip internet address 140.179.82.6 TS3395>> set parameter server xip internet address 140.179.82.6 TS3395>>

You can use other types of hosts as back-up parameter servers.

Defining the UNIX Script Server

Assign the Internet address of the UNIX script server and the pathname to the script directory with the following commands:

DEFINE/SET SERVER SCRIPT SERVER

The following are examples of these commands:

TS3395>> define server script server 140.170.82.6 "/tftpboot" TS3395>> set server script server 140.179.82.6 "/tftpboot" TS3395>>

The next section describes how to configure the UNIX host as a script server.

domain-name "directory-path internet-address "directory-path

Configuring the UNIX Host as a Script Server

Follow these steps to select one or more script servers and create a directory for the APGEN script file on the script servers.

• Determine which hosts will act as script servers. Script servers must run TFTP. Each terminal server can have a maximum of four script servers. You can use two or more hosts as back-up script servers.

• Set up a directory to contain the APGEN file on each script server. Consider the TFTP guidelines described in the next section, “Directory Requirements,” before you do this.

• Create a directory to contain the APGEN script file. On some UNIX systems, you can create a toplevel directory for the APGEN file only, rather than using a directory that already contains many files such as /usr, /bin, /tftpboot, or /etc. Systems running with the tftp secure option enabled may require that you place the APGEN file in /tftpboot.

Figure 2-2 illustrates how you can set up a directory to contain the APGEN script files under the directory /tftpboot. In Figure 2-2, the directory apgen will contain the APGEN script files. The examples which follow show how to create this directory on a UNIX host.

893-769-A 2-3

+ 42 hidden pages

Nortel Networks 3395A, 3395 User Manual

Table of Contents

Figures

Preface

Organization

Conventions

Related Documentation

SynOptics Customer Support

Support for Load Servers and Parameter Servers

SynOptics Network Management Products

Optivity

SNMP

Terminal Server Host-based Management Features

The csportd Daemon

Command Scripts

Dial-back Scripts

Nested Menus

The APGEN Utility

General Network Configuration

Configuring the Terminal Server for Use with APGEN

Defining a UNIX Host as a Parameter Server

Defining the UNIX Script Server

Configuring the UNIX Host as a Script Server