Nortel Networks 2500 User Manual

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series

Overview — System Conﬁguration

NN47215-500 (323162-B)

Document status: Standard Document version: 02.02 Document date: 19 November 2007

Sourced in Canada, India, and the United States of America The information in this document is subject to change without notice. The statements, conﬁgurations, technical

data, and recommendations in this document are believed to be accurate and reliable, but are presented without express or implied warranty. Users must take full responsibility for their applications of any products speciﬁed in this document. The information in this document is proprietary to Nortel Networks.

The software described in this document is furnished under a license agreement and may be used only in accordance with the terms of that license. The software license agreement is included in this document.

Trademarks

*Nortel, Nortel Networks, the Nortel logo, and the Globemark are trademarks of Nortel Networks.

Adobe and Adobe Reader are trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated.

Microsoft, Windows, and Windows NT are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.

Trademarks are acknowledged with an asterisk (*) at their ﬁrst appearance in the document.

All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

Restricted rights legend

Use, duplication, or disclosure by the United States Government is subject to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph (c)(1)(ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause at DFARS 252.227-7013.

Notwithstanding any other license agreement that may pertain to, or accompany the delivery of, this computer software, the rights of the United States Government regarding its use, reproduction, and disclosure are as set forth in the Commercial Computer Software-Restricted Rights clause at FAR 52.227-19.

Statement of conditions

In the interest of improving internal design, operational function, and/or reliability, Nortel Networks reserves the right to make changes to the products described in this document without notice.

Nortel Networks does not assume any liability that may occur due to the use or application of the product(s) or circuit layout(s) described herein.

Portions of the code in this software product may be Copyright © 1988, Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. Redistribution and use in source and binary forms of such portions are permitted, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are duplicated in all such forms and that any documentation, advertising materials, and other materials related to such distribution and use acknowledge that such portions of the software were developed by the University of California, Berkeley. The name of the University may not be used to endorse or promote products derived from such portions of the software without speciﬁc prior written permission.

SUCH PORTIONS OF THE SOFTWARE ARE PROVIDED "AS IS" AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

In addition, the program and information contained herein are licensed only pursuant to a license agreement that contains restrictions on use and disclosure (that may incorporate by reference certain limitations and notices imposed by third parties).

Nortel Networks software license agreement

This Software License Agreement ("License Agreement") is between you, the end-user ("Customer") and Nortel Networks Corporation and its subsidiaries and afﬁliates ("Nortel Networks"). PLEASE READ THE FOLLOWING CAREFULLY. YOU MUST ACCEPT THESE LICENSE TERMS IN ORDER TO DOWNLOAD AND/OR USE THE SOFTWARE. USE OF THE SOFTWARE CONSTITUTES YOUR ACCEPTANCE OF THIS LICENSE AGREEMENT. If you do not accept these terms and conditions, return the Software, unused and in the original shipping container, within 30 days of purchase to obtain a credit for the full purchase price.

"Software" is owned or licensed by Nortel Networks, its parent or one of its subsidiaries or afﬁliates, and is copyrighted and licensed, not sold. Software consists of machine-readable instructions, its components, data, audio-visual content (such as images, text, recordings or pictures) and related licensed materials including all whole or partial copies. Nortel Networks grants you a license to use the Software only in the country where you acquired the Software. You obtain no rights other than those granted to you under this License Agreement. Youare responsible for the selection of the Software and for the installation of, use of, and results obtained from the Software.

Licensed Use of Software. Nortel Networks grants Customer a nonexclusive license to use a copy of the

1. Software on only one machine at any one time or to the extent of the activation or authorized usage level, whichever is applicable. To the extent Software is furnished for use with designated hardware or Customer furnished equipment ("CFE"), Customer is granted a nonexclusive license to use Software only on such hardware or CFE, as applicable. Software contains trade secrets and Customer agrees to treat Software as conﬁdential information using the same care and discretion Customer uses with its own similar information that it does not wish to disclose, publish or disseminate. Customer will ensure that anyone who uses the Software does so only in compliance with the terms of this Agreement. Customer shall not a) use, copy,modify, transfer or distribute the Software except as expressly authorized; b) reverse assemble, reverse compile, reverse engineer or otherwise translate the Software; c) create derivative works or modiﬁcations unless expressly authorized; or d) sublicense, rent or lease the Software. Licensors of intellectual property to Nortel Networks are beneﬁciaries of this provision. Upon termination or breach of the license by Customer or in the event designated hardware or CFE is no longer in use, Customer will promptly return the Software to Nortel Networks or certify its destruction. Nortel Networks may audit by remote polling or other reasonable means to determine Customer’s Software activation or usage levels. If suppliers of third party software included in Software require Nortel Networks to include additional or different terms, Customer agrees to abide by such terms provided by Nortel Networks with respect to such third party software.

2. Warranty. Except as may be otherwise expressly agreed to in writing between Nortel Networks and Customer, Software is provided "AS IS" without any warranties (conditions) of any kind. NORTELNETWORKS DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES (CONDITIONS) FOR THE SOFTWARE, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND ANY WARRANTY OF NON-INFRINGEMENT. Nortel Networks is not obligated to provide support of any kind for the Software. Some jurisdictions do not allow exclusion of implied warranties, and, in such event, the above exclusions may not apply.

3. Limitation of Remedies. IN NO EVENT SHALL NORTEL NETWORKS OR ITS AGENTS OR SUPPLIERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY OF THE FOLLOWING: a) DAMAGES BASED ON ANY THIRD PARTY CLAIM; b) LOSS OF, OR DAMAGE TO, CUSTOMER’S RECORDS, FILES OR DATA; OR c) DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, PUNITIVE, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING LOST PROFITS OR SAVINGS), WHETHER IN CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE) ARISING OUT OF YOUR USE OF THE SOFTWARE, EVEN IF NORTEL NETWORKS, ITS AGENTS OR SUPPLIERS HAVE BEEN ADVISED OF THEIR POSSIBILITY. The foregoing limitations of remedies also apply to any developer and/or supplier of the Software. Such developer and/or supplier is an intended beneﬁciary of this Section. Some jurisdictions do not allow these limitations or exclusions and, in such event, they may not apply.

General

4. a. If Customer is the United States Government, the following paragraph shall apply: All Nortel Networks

Software available under this License Agreement is commercial computer software and commercial computer software documentation and, in the event Software is licensed for or on behalf of the United States Government, the respective rights to the software and software documentation are governed by Nortel Networks standard commercial license in accordance with U.S. Federal Regulations at 48 C.F.R. Sections

12.212 (for non-DoD entities) and 48 C.F.R. 227.7202 (for DoD entities).

b. Customer may terminate the license at any time. Nortel Networks may terminate the license if Customer

fails to comply with the terms and conditions of this license. In either event, upon termination, Customer must either return the Software to Nortel Networks or certify its destruction.

c. Customer is responsible for payment of any taxes, including personal property taxes, resulting from

Customer’s use of the Software. Customer agrees to comply with all applicable laws including all applicable export and import laws and regulations.

d. Neither party may bring an action, regardless of form, more than two years after the cause of the action

arose.

e. The terms and conditions of this License Agreement form the complete and exclusive agreement between

Customer and Nortel Networks.

f. This License Agreement is governed by the laws of the country in which Customer acquires the Software.

If the Software is acquired in the United States, then this License Agreement is governed by the laws of the state of New York.

New in this release 15

Features 15 Other changes 15

Introduction 17

Before you begin 17 Text conventions 17 Related publications 19 How to get help 20

Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series hardware 23

Hardware components of the Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series 23

Network conﬁguration examples 34

Getting help from the Nortel web site 20 Getting help through a Nortel distributor or reseller 20 Getting help over the phone from a Nortel Solutions Center 20 Getting help from a specialist by using an Express Routing Code 20

Front panel 23 Back panel 29

Small ofﬁce desktop switch application 34 Branch ofﬁce workgroup switch application 35 Medium sized ofﬁce wiring closet switch application 36

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series stacking 39

Stacking capabilities 39 Stacking functionality delivery 40

Stack enabled switches 40 Standalone conﬁguration with license ﬁles 40

Stack conﬁguration 45

Conﬁguring the operational mode on rear ports using the CLI 46 rear-ports mode command 46 show rear-ports mode command 46 Conﬁguring the operational mode of rear ports using the Device Manager 47 Rear ports and stacking 47 Initial stack installation 49 Stack MAC address 49

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series

Overview — System Conﬁguration

NN47215-500 (323162-B) 02.02 Standard

4.1 19 November 2007

6 Contents

Stack conﬁgurations 49 Temporary base unit 51 Redundant cascade stacking 52 Removing a stack unit 53 Adding/Replacing a stack unit 53

Auto Unit Replacement 54

AUR function 55 Conﬁguring AUR using the CLI 61 Conﬁguring AUR using Device Manager 63

System conﬁguration software features 65

Switch management features 65

Conﬁguration and switch management 65 Console port settings 66 Switch banner 66 User name and password 66 Logging in 67 Autosave feature 68 Using SNTP 68 Using DNS to ping and Telnet 69 BootP automatic IP conﬁguration/MAC address 70 Choosing a BootP request mode 70 Flash memory storage 72 Conﬁguration File Download/Upload 73 Requirements 73 Binary conﬁguration ﬁle 73 ASCII conﬁguration ﬁle 74 Autotopology 74 Link Layer Discovery Protocol (IEEE 802.1ab) 74

Ethernet port management features 77

Autosensing and autonegotiation 77 Custom Autonegotiation Advertisements 77 High speed ﬂow control 78 Rate Limiting Conﬁguration 79

Other features 79

RFCs 79 Standards 80

CLI Basics 81

CLI command modes 82 Port numbering 85

Port numbering in Standalone Mode 85 Accessing CLI 86 Setting the system username and password 87 Getting help 87

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series

Overview — System Conﬁguration

NN47215-500 (323162-B) 02.02 Standard

4.1 19 November 2007

Basic navigation 87

General navigation commands 88

Keystroke navigation 88

help command 89

no command 90

default command 90

logout command 90

enable command 91

conﬁgure command 91

interface command 91

disable command 92

end command 92

exit command 92

reload command 93

shutdown command 94 Managing basic system information 96

show sys-info command 96

show tech command 97 Managing MAC address forwarding database table 98

show mac-address-table command 98

mac-address-table aging-time command 99

default mac-address-table aging-time command 99

Contents 7

Getting Started with Device Manager 101

Installing Device Manager 101 JDM installation precautions 102 Installing the Device Manager software 102 Installing JDM on Windows 102

Windows minimum requirements 103

Removing previous versions of JDM on Windows 103

Installing JDM on Windows from the CD 104

Installing JDM on Windows from the web 104

Executing the JDM installation software on Windows 105 Installing JDM on UNIX or Linux 110

Minimum requirements 111

Installing JDM on Solaris from the CD 111

Installing JDM on Linux from the CD 111

Installing JDM on UNIX or Linux from the web 112

Executing the JDM installation software on UNIX or Linux 113

Removing JDM in Unix or Linux environments 118 Device Manager basics 119 Starting Device Manager 119 Setting the Device Manager properties 120 Opening a device 123

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series

Overview — System Conﬁguration

NN47215-500 (323162-B) 02.02 Standard

4.1 19 November 2007

8 Contents

Device Manager window 126

Menu bar 127

Toolbar 127

Device view 128

Shortcut menus 131

Status bar 133

Using the buttons in Device Manager dialog boxes 133 Editing objects 133 Working with statistics and graphs 134

Types of statistics 134

Types of graphs 135

Statistics for single and multiple objects 137

Viewing statistics as graphs 138 Telnet session 140 Opening an SSH connection to the device 140 Opening the web-based management home page 141 Trap log 142 Online Help 143

Using the Web-based management interface 145

Requirements 145 Logging in to the web-based management interface 146

Menu 147

Management page 149 Viewing stack information 151 Viewing summary information 153 Changing stack numbering 154 Identifying unit numbers 155

Power over Ethernet for the Ethernet Routing Switch 2526T-PWR

and 2550T-PWR 157

Diagnosing and correcting PoE problems 158

Status codes on PoE ports 158 Conﬁguring PoE switch parameters using the CLI 158

poe poe-pd-detect-type command 158

poe poe-power-usage-threshold command 159

poe poe-trap command 160

no poe-trap command 160 Conﬁguring PoE port parameters using the CLI 160

no poe-shutdown command 161

poe poe-shutdown command 161

poe poe-priority command 162

poe poe-limit command 163 Displaying PoE conﬁguration using the CLI 164

show poe-main-status command 164

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series

Overview — System Conﬁguration

NN47215-500 (323162-B) 02.02 Standard

4.1 19 November 2007

Contents 9

show poe-port-status command 165

show poe-power-measurement command 166 Conﬁguring PoE using web-based management 167

Displaying and conﬁguring power management for the switch 168

Displaying and conﬁguring power management for the ports 170 Editing and viewing switch PoE conﬁgurations using Device Manager 172

PoE tab for a single unit 172

Device Manager display for PoE ports 174

PoE tab for ports 175

System conﬁguration using the CLI 177

Conﬁguring the switch IP address, subnet mask and default gateway 177

IP notation 177

Assigning and clearing IP addresses 178

Pinging 183 Resetting the switch to default conﬁguration 184 Using DNS to ping and telnet 184

show ip dns command 185

ping command 185

ip name-server command 186

no ip name-server command 187

ip domain-name command 187

no ip domain-name command 188

default ip domain-name command 188 Conﬁguration Management 188

Automatically loading Conﬁguration ﬁle 188

ASCII Conﬁguration Generator 191 Customizing your system 193

Setting the terminal 193

Displaying system information 195

Setting boot parameters 196

Setting TFTP parameters 197

Customizing the opening banner 200 Displaying the ARP table 202 Displaying interfaces 202

show interfaces command 202

show interfaces conﬁg command 204 Saving the conﬁguration to NVRAM 205

copy conﬁg nvram command 205

write memory command 205

save conﬁg command 206 Enabling and disabling autosave 206

show autosave command 206

autosave enable command 207

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series

Overview — System Conﬁguration

NN47215-500 (323162-B) 02.02 Standard

4.1 19 November 2007

10 Contents

no autosave enable command 207

default autosave enable command 207 Setting time on network elements using Simple Network Time Protocol 208

show sntp command 208

sntp enable command 209

no sntp enable command 209

sntp server primary address command 209

sntp server secondary address command 210

no sntp server command 210

sntp sync-now command 211

sntp sync-interval command 211

default sntp command 212 Setting local time zone 212

clock time-zone 213

no clock time-zone 213

clock summer-time 213

no clock summer-time 214

show clock time-zone 214

show clock summer-time 215 Enabling Autopology 215

autotopology command 216

no autotopology command 216

default autotopology command 216

show autotopology settings 216

show autotopology nmm-table 217 Conﬁguring LLDP using the CLI 217

lldp command 218

default lldp command 219

lldp conﬁg-notiﬁcation command 219

no lldp conﬁg-notiﬁcation command 220

default lldp conﬁg-notiﬁcation command 220

lldp tx-tlv command 221

no lldp tx-tlv command 221

default lldp tx-tlv command 222

lldp status command 222

no lldp status command 223

default lldp status command 223

show lldp command 224

show lldp port command 226 Conﬁguring LEDs to blink on the display panel 229 Upgrading software 229

download command 230

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series

Overview — System Conﬁguration

NN47215-500 (323162-B) 02.02 Standard

4.1 19 November 2007

Contents 11

Ethernet port management using the CLI 233

Enabling or disabling a port 233

shutdown command for the port 233

no shutdown command 234 Naming ports 235

name command 235

no name command 236

default name command 236 Setting port speed 237

speed command 237

default speed command 238

duplex command 239

default duplex command 239 Enabling ﬂow control 240

ﬂowcontrol command 240

no ﬂowcontrol command 241

default ﬂowcontrol command 242 Enabling rate-limiting 242

show rate-limit command 243

rate-limit command 243

no rate-limit command 244

default rate-limit command 244 Enabling Custom Autonegotiation Advertisements (CANA) 244

show auto-negotiation-advertisements command 245

show auto-negotiation-capabilities command 245

auto-negotiation-advertisements command 246

no auto-negotiation-advertisements command 247

default auto-negotiation-advertisements command 247

Conﬁguring the switch using Device Manager 249

Viewing Unit information 249

Unit tab 250

Rate Limit tab 250 Viewing switch IP information 253

Globals tab 253

Addresses tab 254

ARP tab 255

TCP tab 256

TCP Connections tab 257

UDP Listeners tab 257 Editing the chassis conﬁguration 258

System tab 259

Agent tab 265

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series

Overview — System Conﬁguration

NN47215-500 (323162-B) 02.02 Standard

4.1 19 November 2007

12 Contents

PowerSupply tab 267

Fan tab 268

Banner tab 269

Custom Banner tab 271 Working with conﬁguration ﬁles 272

FileSystem dialog box 272

ASCII conﬁg ﬁle 273

Save Conﬁguration tab 274 Working with SNTP 276

Conﬁguring SNTP 276

Conﬁguring local time zone using the device manager 278

Conﬁguring daylight savings time using the device manager 278 Displaying topology information using Device Manager 279

Topology tab 279

Topology Table tab 280 Conﬁguring LLDP using Device Manager 281

LLDP Globals tab 282

Port tab 285

TX Stats tab 287

Graphing LLDP transmit statistics 288

RX Stats tab 289

Graphing LLDP receive statistics 291

Local System tab 291

Local Port tab 292

Local Management tab 294

Neighbor tab 295

Neighbor Mgmt Address tab 297

Unknown TLV tab 299

Organizational Deﬁned Info tab 300

Conﬁguring ports using Device Manager 303

Viewing and editing a single port conﬁguration 303

Interface tab for a single port 304 Viewing and editing multiple port conﬁgurations 307

Interface tab for multiple ports 308

Administering the switch using web-based management 311

Viewing system information 311 Quick Start 312 Conﬁguring system security 314 Rebooting the Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series 315 Changing the Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series to system defaults 316 Logging out of the management interface 316

Conﬁguring the switch using web-based management 319

Conﬁguring BootP, IP, and gateway settings 319

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series

Overview — System Conﬁguration

NN47215-500 (323162-B) 02.02 Standard

4.1 19 November 2007

Contents 13

Modifying system settings 322 Conﬁguring switch port status 324 Conﬁguring high speed ﬂow control 327 Downloading switch images 328 Downloading ASCII conﬁguration ﬁles 330 Storing and retrieving a switch conﬁguration ﬁle from a TFTP server 331

Requirements for storing and retrieving conﬁguration parameters on a TFTP

server 333 Enabling and disabling autosave 333 Conﬁguring port communication speed 334 Conﬁguring Rate Limiting 335

Conﬁguring Rate Limiting 335

Troubleshooting 337

Interpreting the LEDs 337 Diagnosing and correcting problems 337

Normal power-up sequence 338 Port connection problems 339

Appendix A DB-9 (RS-232-D) Console/Comm Port connector 341 Appendix B Default settings 343 Appendix C Sample BootP conﬁguration ﬁle 351 Appendix D Command List 353 Appendix E Technical speciﬁcations 375

Environmental speciﬁcations 375 AC power speciﬁcations 375 Physical dimensions 376 Performance speciﬁcations 376 Network protocol and standards compatibility 376 Safety agency certiﬁcation 377 Electromagnetic emissions 377 Electromagnetic immunity 378

Index 379

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series

Overview — System Conﬁguration

NN47215-500 (323162-B) 02.02 Standard

4.1 19 November 2007

14 Contents

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series

Overview — System Conﬁguration

NN47215-500 (323162-B) 02.02 Standard

4.1 19 November 2007

New in this release

The following sections detail what’s new in Overview — System Conﬁguration (NN47215-500) for Release 4.1:

•

Features

•

Other changes

Features

For information about changes that are feature related, see the following sections:

•

"Stacking capabilities" (page 39)

•

"Stacking functionality delivery" (page 40)

•

"Stack conﬁgurations" (page 49)

•

"Auto Unit Replacement" (page 54)

Other changes

For information about changes that are not feature-related, see the following sections:

•

Information on the new ﬁelds StackInsertionUnitNumber and AutoUnitReplacementEnabled are updated for the System tab under Conﬁguring the switch using Device Manager chapter. For more

information, see "System tab" (page 259)

•

Changed the screen for License File tab. For more information, see

"Copying the license ﬁle using the Java Device Manager" (page 42)

•

Information on the new tabs Time Zone and Daylight Saving Time are updated with new procedure and screens. For more information, see

"Conﬁguring local time zone using the device manager" (page 278)

•

"Conﬁguring daylight savings time using the devicemanager" (page 278)

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series

Overview — System Conﬁguration

NN47215-500 (323162-B) 02.02 Standard

4.1 19 November 2007

16 New in this release

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series

Overview — System Conﬁguration

NN47215-500 (323162-B) 02.02 Standard

4.1 19 November 2007

Introduction

This guide provides information about conﬁguring and managing basic switching features on the Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series.

This guide describes the features of the following Nortel switches.

•

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2526T

• Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2526T-PWR

•

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2550T

•

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2550T-PWR

The term "Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series" is used in this document to describe the features common to the switches mentioned above.

A switch is referred to by its speciﬁc name while describing a feature exclusive to the switch.

The Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series operates in the Standalone Mode and Stacking Mode in this product release.

Before you begin

This guide is intended for network administrators who have the following background:

•

basic knowledge of networks, switching, Ethernet bridging, and IP routing

•

familiarity with networking concepts and terminology

•

basic knowledge of network topologies

Text conventions

This guide uses the following text conventions:

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series

Overview — System Conﬁguration

NN47215-500 (323162-B) 02.02 Standard

4.1 19 November 2007

18 Introduction

angle brackets (< >) Indicate that you choose the text to enter based on the

description inside the brackets. Do not type the brackets when entering the command.

Example: If the command syntax is

ping <ip_address>, you enter

ping 192.32.10.12

bold body text

Indicates objects such as window names, dialog box names, and icons, as well as user interface objects such as buttons, tabs, and menu items.

braces ({}) Indicate required elements in syntax descriptions where

there is more than one option. You must choose only one of the options. Do not type the braces when entering the command.

Example: If the command syntax is

show ip {alerts|routes}, you must enter either show ip alerts or show ip routes, but not both.

brackets ([ ]) Indicate optional elements in syntax descriptions. Do

not type the brackets when entering the command.

Example: If the command syntax is show ip interfaces [-alerts], you can enter either show ip interfaces or show ip interfaces -alerts.

italic text Indicates variables in command syntax descriptions.

Also indicates new terms and book titles. Where a variable is two or more words, the words are connected by an underscore.

plain Courier text

Example: If the command syntax is

show at <valid_route>, valid_route is one variable and you substitute one

value for it. Indicates command syntax and system output, for

example, prompts and system messages.

Example: Set Trap Monitor Filters

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series

Overview — System Conﬁguration

NN47215-500 (323162-B) 02.02 Standard

4.1 19 November 2007

separator ( > ) Shows menu paths.

Example: Protocols > IP identifies the IP command on the Protocols menu.

Related publications 19

vertical line ( | )

Related publications

For more information about using the Ethernet Routing Switch 2500, see the following publications:

• Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series Release NotesNortel

Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series Release Notes — Software Release 4.0 (NN47215-400)

Documents important changes about the software and hardware that are not covered in other related publications.

•

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series Conﬁguration — VLANs, Spanning Tree, and MultiLink Trunking (NN47215-501)

Describes how to conﬁgure Virtual Local Area Networks (VLAN), Spanning Tree Protocol (STP), and MultiLink Trunk (MLT) features for the Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500.

Separates choices for command keywords and arguments. Enter only one of the choices. Do not type the vertical line when entering the command.

Example: If the command syntax is

show ip {alerts|routes}, you enter either show ip alerts or show ip routes, but not both.

•

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series Conﬁguration — Quality of Service (NN47215-504)

Describes how to conﬁgure and manage Quality of Service and IP Filtering features for the Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500.

•

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series Security — Conﬁguration and Management (NN47215-505)

Describes how to conﬁgure and manage security for the Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500.

•

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series Performance Management — System Monitoring (NN47215-502)

Describes how to conﬁgure system logging and network monitoring, and how to display system statistics for the Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500.

•

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series Conﬁguration — IP Multicast (NN47215-503)

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series

Overview — System Conﬁguration

NN47215-500 (323162-B) 02.02 Standard

4.1 19 November 2007

20 Introduction

How to get help

This section explains how to get help for Nortel products and services.

Getting help from the Nortel web site

The best way to get technical support for Nortel products is from the Nortel Technical Support web site:

ww.nortel.com/support

This site provides quick access to software, documentation, bulletins, and tools to address issues with Nortel products. More speciﬁcally, the site enables you to:

• download software, documentation, and product bulletins

•

Describes how to conﬁgure IP Multicast Routing Protocol features for the Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500.

search the Technical Support web site and the Nortel Knowledge Base for answers to technical issues

•

open and manage technical support cases

Getting help through a Nortel distributor or reseller

If you purchased a service contract for your Nortel product from a distributor or authorized reseller, contact the technical support staff for that distributor or reseller.

Getting help over the phone from a Nortel Solutions Center

If you do not ﬁnd the information you require on the Nortel Technical Support web site, and have a Nortel support contract, you can also get help over the phone from a Nortel Solutions Center.

In North America, call 1-800-4NORTEL (1-800-466-7835). Outside North America, go to the following web site to obtain the phone

number for your region:

ww.nortel.com/callus

Getting help from a specialist by using an Express Routing Code

An Express Routing Code (ERC) is available for many Nortel products and services. When you use an ERC, your call is routed to a technical support person who specializes in supporting that product or service. To locate the ERC for your product or service, go to:

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series

Overview — System Conﬁguration

NN47215-500 (323162-B) 02.02 Standard

4.1 19 November 2007

www.nortel.com/erc

How to get help 21

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series

Overview — System Conﬁguration

NN47215-500 (323162-B) 02.02 Standard

4.1 19 November 2007

22 Introduction

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series

Overview — System Conﬁguration

NN47215-500 (323162-B) 02.02 Standard

4.1 19 November 2007

Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series hardware

The Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series provides wire-speed switching for high-performance, low-cost connections to full-duplex, and half-duplex 10/100/1000 Mb/s Ethernet Local Area Networks (LAN).

Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series software release 4.1 supports the following devices:

•

Ethernet Routing Switch 2526T

•

Ethernet Routing Switch 2526T-PWR

•

Ethernet Routing Switch 2550T

•

Ethernet Routing Switch 2550T-PWR

This chapter describes the hardware features and components of the Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series devices. It includes information about the following topics:

•

"Hardware components of the Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series" (page 23)

•

"Network conﬁguration examples" (page 34)

Hardware components of the Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series

Front panel

Figure 1 "Ethernet Routing Switch 2550T-PWR" (page 24) shows an

Ethernet Routing Switch 2550T-PWR providing power and Ethernet connections to IP Phones, and data connections to personal computers (PC).

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series

Overview — System Conﬁguration

NN47215-500 (323162-B) 02.02 Standard

4.1 19 November 2007

24 Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series hardware

Figure 1 Ethernet Routing Switch 2550T-PWR

The following graphics display the front panel conﬁguration on the Ethernet Routing Switch 2526T, 2526T-PWR, 2550T, and 2550T-PWR. Table 1

"Components on the Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 front panel" (page

25) describes the components on the front panel.

Figure 2 Ethernet Routing Switch 2526T front panel

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series

Overview — System Conﬁguration

NN47215-500 (323162-B) 02.02 Standard

4.1 19 November 2007

Hardware components of the Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series 25

Figure 3 Ethernet Routing Switch 2550T front panel

Figure 4 Ethernet Routing Switch 2526T-PWR front panel

Figure 5 Ethernet Routing Switch 2550T-PWR front panel

Table 1 Components on the Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 front panel

Item Description

Console port

SFP Gigabit Interface Converter (GBIC) slots

10/100BaseT RJ-45 connector ports (copper)

10/100/1000BaseT RJ-45 connector ports (copper)

PoE ports (on 2526T-PWR and 2550T-PWR models only)

Console port

With the Console port, you can access the Command Line Interface (CLI) commands to customize your network. For more information about using the CLI, see "CLI Basics" (page 81).

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series

Overview — System Conﬁguration

NN47215-500 (323162-B) 02.02 Standard

4.1 19 November 2007

26 Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series hardware

The Console port is a DB-9, RS-232-D male serial port connector. You can use this connector to connect a management station, console, or terminal to the Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series by using a straight-through DB-9 to DB-9 standard serial port cable. You must use a VT100/ANSI-compatible terminal (for cursor control and to activate cursor and functions keys) to use the Console port.

The default settings of the Console port are:

• 9600 baud with eight data bits

•

one stop bit

•

no parity as the communications format

•

ﬂow control set to disabled

Gigabit Interface Converter

Small Form Factor Pluggable Gigabit Interface Converters are hot-swappable input and output enhancement components designed for use with Nortel products to allow Gigabit Ethernet ports to link with ﬁber optic networks.

SFP GBIC Support on the Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series

Small Form Factor Pluggable (SFP) transceivers are hot-swappable input/output enhancement components designed for use with Nortel products to allow Gigabit Ethernet ports to link with other Gigabit Ethernet ports over various media types.

The Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series supports the following SFPs:

•

1000Base-SX SFP GBIC (mini-GBIC, connector type: LC)

•

1000Base-SX SFP GBIC (mini-GBIC, connector type: MT-RJ)

•

1000Base-LX SFP GBIC (mini-GBIC, connector type: LC)

•

CWDM SFPs

For more information about the SFP GBICs see Installing Gigabit Interface Converters, SFPs, and CWDM SFP Gigabit Interface Converters (312865).

Port connectors

The Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series uses 10BASE-T/100BASE-TX RJ-45 (8-pin modular) port connectors.

The Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series uses autosensing ports designed to operate at 10 Mb/s (megabits per second) or at 100 Mb/s, depending on the connecting device. These ports support the IEEE 802.3u autonegotiation standard, which means that when a port is connected to another device that also supports the IEEE 802.3u standard, the two devices negotiate the best speed and duplex mode.

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series

Overview — System Conﬁguration

NN47215-500 (323162-B) 02.02 Standard

4.1 19 November 2007

Hardware components of the Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series 27

The 10BASE-T/100BASE-TX switch ports also support half- and full-duplex mode operation.

The 10BASE-T/100BASE-TX RJ-45 switch ports can connect to 10 Mb/s or 100 Mb/s Ethernet segments or nodes.

ATTENTION

Use only Category 5 copper Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) cable connections when connecting 10BASE-T/100BASE-TX ports.

Auto-MDI/MDI-X

The 10/100BASE-TX port connectors support auto-MDI/MDI-X. Typical MDI-X ports connect over straight-through cables to the Network

Interface Card (NIC) in a node or server, similar to a conventional Ethernet repeater hub. However, with the auto-MDI/MDI-X feature, you can still use straight-through cables while connecting to an Ethernet hub or switch.

The auto-MDI/MDI-X feature is dependent on the autonegotiation feature. If autonegotiation is enabled on a port, the auto-MDI/MDI-X feature is automatically enabled on the port as well. If autonegotiation is disabled on a port, then the port operates as a standard MDI-X port.

Power over Ethernet on Ethernet Routing Switch 2526T-PWR and 2550T-PWR

The Ethernet Routing Switch 2526T-PWR and 2550T-PWR provide IEEE

802.3af-compliant power over the PoE-labeled front-panel RJ-45 ports. The switches provide power discovery and power management on each port basis. You can use the PoE ports to provide power to network appliances, such as IP Phones, wireless access points, and video devices.

You can enable or disable power to individual ports. For information about conﬁguring PoE, see "Power over Ethernet for the Ethernet Routing Switch

2526T-PWR and 2550T-PWR" (page 157).

LED display panel

Figure 6 "LED display panel" (page 28) shows the LED display panel of the

Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series. See Table 2 "Ethernet Routing Switch

2500 Series LED descriptions" (page 28) for a description of the LEDs.

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series

Overview — System Conﬁguration

NN47215-500 (323162-B) 02.02 Standard

4.1 19 November 2007

28 Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series hardware

Figure 6 LED display panel

Table 2 Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series LED descriptions

Label Type

Rear port

Up/52

status Rear port

Down/51

status

Status Switch

status

er Status

Speed RJ45/SFP

Uplink port speed

Color State

Green

Fast Flashing Link is good and active.Up/28 or Slow Flashing This port is disabled by software.

Green

Fast Flashing Link is good and active.Down/27 Slow Flashing This port is disabled by software.

Green

Flashing The switch is booting up and performing

On Self-test passed successfully and

Off The switch failed the self-test.

Green

On Power is present.PWR Switch Pow Off Switch is not connected to a power

Green

Steady This port is set to operate at 1 Gb/s,

Flashing This port is disabled by software.

Amber

Steady This port is set to operate at 10/100

Flashing This port is disabled by software.

Meaning

a self-test.

switch is operational.

source.

and the link is good.

Mb/s, and the link is good.

Link/Act RJ45/SFP

Uplink port status

Green

Steady Link is OK. Flashing Traffic activity.

Off No link/No traffic.

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series

Overview — System Conﬁguration

NN47215-500 (323162-B) 02.02 Standard

4.1 19 November 2007

Hardware components of the Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series 29

Label Type

Link/Act Port conne

ction status

PoE port s to PWR models only)

Base Base unit

power

status

status for

stack mode

Color State

Steady Station connected at 10/100 Mb/s.Green

Flashing Traffic activity at 10/100 Mb/s. Off No link/No traffic. Green Steady Power is supplied to the port.PoE (applie Off No power is supplied to the port.

Green ON This unit is permanent base in stack

Amber ON This unit is selected as temporary base

Back panel

The back panel of the Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series is shown in

Figure 7 " Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series back panel" (page 29). Table 3 "Components on the Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series back panel" (page 29) describes the components on the back panel.

Figure 7 Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series back panel

Meaning

mode.

in stack mode.

Table 3 Components on the Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series back panel

Item Description

1 2 3 4

Kensington lock

Using the Kensington lock, you can secure your switch. Wrap the steel cable around a secure immovable object, insert the cable lock in the Kensington Security Lock, and turn the key.

AC power receptacle Kensington lock Base Unit select switch Additional 1000BaseT RJ-45 connector rear ports.

For switch operating mode: ports 27,28 on 2526T models and ports 51,52 on 2550T models. For stack operating mode: Link UP, Link DOWN for connecting with other units in stack.

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series

Overview — System Conﬁguration

NN47215-500 (323162-B) 02.02 Standard

4.1 19 November 2007

30 Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series hardware

Cooling fans

Cooling fans are located on one side of the Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series to provide cooling for the internal components. When you install the switch, be sure to allow enough space on both sides of the switch for adequate ventilation.

AC power receptacle

The AC power receptacle accepts the AC power cord that is supplied with the switch. For installation outside North America, make sure that you have the proper power cord for your region. Any cord used must have a CEE-22 standard V female connector on one end and must meet the IEC 320-030 speciﬁcations.Table 4 "International power cord speciﬁcations"

(page 30) lists speciﬁcations for international power cords.

Table 4 International power cord speciﬁcations

Country/Plug description

Continental Europe:

•

CEE7 standard VII male plug

•

Harmonized cord (HAR marking on the outside of the cord jacket to comply with the CENELEC Harmonized Document HD-21)

U.S./Canada/Japan:

•

NEMA5-15P male plug

•

UL recognized (UL stamped on cord jacket)

Specifications

220 or 230 VAC 50 Hz Single phase

100 or 120 VAC 50– 60 Hz Single phase

Typical plug

•

CSA certified (CSA label secured to the cord)

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series

Overview — System Conﬁguration

NN47215-500 (323162-B) 02.02 Standard

4.1 19 November 2007

Hardware components of the Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series 31

Country/Plug description

United Kingdom:

•

BS1363 male plug with fuse

•

Harmonized cord

Australia:

AS3112-1981 Male plug

CAUTION

Read immediately.

Inspect the power cord and determine if it provides the proper plug and is appropriately certiﬁed for use with your electrical system. Immediately discard this power cord if it is inappropriate for electrical systems in your country and obtain the proper cord as required by your national electrical codes or ordinances.

Specifications

240 VAC 50 Hz Single phase

Typical plug

See the technical documentation for this product for detailed installation procedures to be followed by qualiﬁed service personnel.

CAUTION

Vorsicht:

Bitte sofort lesen.

Sehen Sie nach, ob dieses Netzkabel über den richtigen Stecker verfügt und für die Verwendung in Ihrem Stromversogungsnetz zertiﬁziert ist. Falls dieses Kabel nicht für das Stromversorgungsnetz in Ihrem Land geeignet ist, darf es nicht verwendet werden. Besorgen Sie sich ein Kabel, das die Vorschriften der Zulassungsbehörden in Ihrem Land erfüllt.

Die technische Dokumentation dieses Produkts enthält ausführliche Installationsanweisungen, die nur von qualiﬁziertem Kundendienstpersonal ausgeführt werden dürfen.

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series

Overview — System Conﬁguration

NN47215-500 (323162-B) 02.02 Standard

4.1 19 November 2007

32 Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series hardware

Attention:

Lisez ceci immédiatement.

Examinez ce cordon d’alimentation pour déterminer s’il dispose de la ﬁche appropriée et s’il est bien agréé pour utilisation sur votre installation électrique. Débarrassez-vous en immédiatement s’il ne convient pas à l’utilisation sur le secteur électrique en usage dans votre pays et procurez-vous un cordon conforme à la réglementation nationale en vigueur.

Reportez-vous à la documentation technique de ce produit pour obtenir des instructions détaillées d’installation, destinées à un technicien qualiﬁé.

CAUTION

Attenzione:

Leggere attentamente.

Controllare questo cavo di alimentazione, veriﬁcarne il collegamento con la presa appropriata nonché la certiﬁcazione per l’uso nell’impianto elettrico posseduto. Non utilizzare assolutamente in caso tale cavo non sia adatto al sistema elettrico del paese in cui viene utilizzato e richiederne un altro certiﬁcato dall’ente nazionale di fornitura elettrica.

ATTENTION

Per le procedure di installazione che devono essere seguite dal personale di servizio, consultare questa documentazione tecnica del prodotto.

CAUTION

Advertencia:

Sírvase leer inmediatamente.

Inspeccione este cable de alimentación eléctrica y determine si viene con el enchufe apropiado y está debidamente certiﬁcado para el uso con su sistema eléctrico. Si no cumple con los reglamentos del sistema eléctrico de su país, despójese de este cable de alimentación inmediatamente y obtenga el cable requerido, según las ordenanzas y códigos eléctricos nacionales.

Reﬁérase a la documentación técnica de este producto para recibir información detallada sobre los procedimientos que el personal caliﬁcado de reparaciones deberá seguir.

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series

Overview — System Conﬁguration

NN47215-500 (323162-B) 02.02 Standard

4.1 19 November 2007

Hardware components of the Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series 33

WARNING

Removal of the power cord is the only way to turn off power to this device. The power cord must always be connected in a location that can be accessed quickly and safely in case of an emergency.

WARNING

Vorsicht:

Die Stromzufuhr zu diesem Gerät kann nur durch Ziehen des Netzstromkabels unterbrochen werden. Die Netzsteckdose, an die das Netzstromkabel angeschlossen ist, muß sich stets an einem Ort beﬁnden, der bei einem Notfall schnell und einfach zugänglich ist.

WARNING

Avertissement:

Le débranchement du cordon d’alimentation constitue le seul moyen de mettre cet appareil hors tension. Le cordon d’alimentation doit donc toujours être branché dans une prise accessible pour faciliter la mise hors tension en cas d’urgence.

WARNING

Advertencia:

La única forma de desconectar la alimentación de este dispositivo es desenchufar el cable de alimentación. El cable de alimentación siempre debe estar conectado en una ubicación que permita acceder al cable de forma rápida y segura en caso de emergencia.

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series

Overview — System Conﬁguration

NN47215-500 (323162-B) 02.02 Standard

4.1 19 November 2007

34 Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series hardware

WARNING

Avvertenza:

Estrarre il cavo di alimentazione è l’unico sistema per spegnere il dispositivo. Il cavo di alimentazione deve essere sempre collegato in una posizione che permetta l’accesso facile e sicuro in caso di emergenza.

Network conﬁguration examples

This section provides network conﬁguration examples using the Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series switches. In these examples, trafﬁc Quality of service (QoS) feature can be used to prioritize the trafﬁc of the network to ensure uninterrupted trafﬁc of critical applications. The examples are:

•

"Small ofﬁce desktop switch application" (page 34)

•

"Branch ofﬁce workgroup switch application" (page 35)

•

"Medium sized ofﬁce wiring closet switch application" (page 36)

Small ofﬁce desktop switch application

Figure 8 "Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series used as a desktop switch" (page 35) shows the Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series used as a

desktop switch in a small ofﬁce environment. The desktop workstations and servers are connected directly to the switch ports. Alternatively, an ERS 2500 series switch that supports Power over Ethernet (PoE) can provide connectivity and power to Wireless LAN Access Points (WLAN APs) in addition to desktop workstations and servers.

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series

Overview — System Conﬁguration

NN47215-500 (323162-B) 02.02 Standard

4.1 19 November 2007

Network conﬁguration examples 35

Figure 8 Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series used as a desktop switch

Branch ofﬁce workgroup switch application

Figure 9 "Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series used as a workgroup switch" (page 36) shows the Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series used as

a workgroup switch in an enterprise branch ofﬁce environment. Desktop workstations and servers are connected directly to the switch ports. Alternatively, an ERS 2500 series switch that supports Power over Ethernet (PoE) can provide connectivity and power to IP Phones and Wireless LAN Access Points (WLAN APs) in addition to desktop workstations and servers.

The Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 series switch can optionally be stacked up to 8 units to form a single virtual switch providing up to 384 10/100Mb/s connections and 16 1000Mb/s connections.

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series

Overview — System Conﬁguration

NN47215-500 (323162-B) 02.02 Standard

4.1 19 November 2007

36 Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series hardware

Figure 9 Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series used as a workgroup switch

Medium sized ofﬁce wiring closet switch application

Figure 10 "Conﬁguring power workgroups and a wiring closet switch" (page

37) shows the Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 series used as a wiring

closet switch in a medium to large enterprise ofﬁce environment. Desktop workstations, IP Phones, and WLAN APs are connected directly to the switch ports.

Figure 10 "Conﬁguring power workgroups and a wiring closet switch" (page 37) shows the Ethernet Routing Switch 1600 series used as a

backbone switch, connecting to Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 – S1, with an optional 1000BASE-SX SFP GBIC for maximum bandwidth. S2 is a single virtual switch stack of three ERS 2500 switches providing 10 or 100Mb/s, also connecting to the ERS 1624G backbone switch with an optional 1000BASE-SX SFP GBIC in both switches.

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series

Overview — System Conﬁguration

NN47215-500 (323162-B) 02.02 Standard

4.1 19 November 2007

Network conﬁguration examples 37

Figure 10 Conﬁguring power workgroups and a wiring closet switch

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series

Overview — System Conﬁguration

NN47215-500 (323162-B) 02.02 Standard

4.1 19 November 2007

38 Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series hardware

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series

Overview — System Conﬁguration

NN47215-500 (323162-B) 02.02 Standard

4.1 19 November 2007

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series stacking

This chapter includes information about the stacking features, such as stack capabilities, stacking functionality delivery,stack conﬁguration, and Auto Unit Replacement. This chapter contains information about the following topics:

•

"Stacking capabilities" (page 39)

•

"Stacking functionality delivery" (page 40)

•

"Stack conﬁguration" (page 45)

•

"Auto Unit Replacement" (page 54)

Stacking capabilities

The Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series contain two built-in rear ports that can be used as stacking/cascade ports to enable a stack of up to eight units.

A stack can consist of Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2526T, Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2550T, Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2526T-PWR, and Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2550T-PWR units.

The stack ports on ERS 2500 series switches provide 4Gbps (FDX) stack bandwidth for an aggregate of up to 32Gbps for a stack of eight units.

A stack of Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 series switches can also consist of a mix of stack pre-enabled units as well as non pre-enabled units. The non pre-enabled units in a stack must meet the following requirements before they are added into a stack conﬁguration:

•

contain a valid license ﬁle (a license ﬁle contains the switch MAC addresses)

•

Operational mode of rear ports operating in Stacking Mode

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series

Overview — System Conﬁguration

NN47215-500 (323162-B) 02.02 Standard

4.1 19 November 2007

40 Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series stacking

Stacking functionality delivery

The Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 series switches allow you to stack multiple switches together to create a single virtual switch that can be managed as a single device. Stacking functionality is delivered in two distinctively different ways on Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 series switches:

•

Through stack enabled units with order codes AL2515xxx-E6. The rear ports of stack enabled ERS 2500 switch are factory pre-enabled, conﬁgured, and operating in Stacking Mode by default and are ready to stack. These units do not require or use the software licensing mechanism.

•

Through software using a licensing mechanism for standalone units with order codes AL2500xxx-E6. Standalone ERS 2500 switches require the purchase of a Stacking License Kit for each license to create a license ﬁle, which unlocks stacking capability on standalone units.

Stack enabled switches

The stack enabled unit rear ports are conﬁgured in Stacking Mode at the factory and are ready for immediate use for connection in a stack conﬁguration. Stacking Mode is the default operating mode that cannot be overridden by a factory default. Standalone Mode operation is still available for conﬁguration on the rear-ports of stack enabled units. For information on adding or replacing a new unit, see "Adding/Replacing a stack unit"

(page 53).

All factory pre-enabled units are identiﬁable through CLI, Web UI, and Device Manager with the text Stack Enabled included in the switch description for identiﬁcation purposes.

Standalone conﬁguration with license ﬁles

Standalone units are not pre-enabled with stacking capability in the factory and require the use of a software based licensing mechanism to unlock stacking functionality for activation on the rear ports. Standalone units use the GenLic engine for decryption of a license ﬁle. The license ﬁle must contain the switch MAC address to unlock the stacking functionality.

Standalone units require the purchase of an Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 series Stacking License Kit, of which there are four types available. Each kit contains a License Certiﬁcate with a License Authorization Code (LAC) that enables a speciﬁc number of stacking licenses for one or multiple ERS 2500 series switches. Each ERS 2500 series switch requires one license ﬁle to unlock stacking functionality. A single license ﬁle can contain up to 1000 switch MAC addresses for installation on multiple switches.

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series

Overview — System Conﬁguration

NN47215-500 (323162-B) 02.02 Standard

4.1 19 November 2007

Stacking functionality delivery 41

A Stacking License Certiﬁcate contains instructions on how to deposit license entitlements into a license bank, enter switch MAC address(es), create the license ﬁle, then download and copy the license ﬁle onto each switch requiring stacking functionality. These instructions are carried out on the Nortel Licensing portal web site at: w

ww.nortellicensing.com.

ATTENTION

Once a valid license ﬁle is downloaded on to an Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series switch, you can conﬁgure the operational mode of rear ports to Stacking Mode. Although the rear ports are set to Stacking Mode, a reboot of the switch is required to fully enable the stacking operation.

Working with license ﬁles using the CLI

With the following commands, you can copy the license ﬁle to your switch and display or clear the existing license information:

•

"copy tftp license command" (page 41)

•

"show license command" (page 42)

•

"clear license command" (page 42)

copy tftp license command The copy tftp license command copies the license ﬁle from a TFTP server to your switch. After you copy the license to the switch, you need to perform a reboot to activate the license.

The license is copied to NVRAM. If you reset the switch to default, this removes the license from the switch. But the stacking feature is enabled until you conﬁgure the switch to Standalone Mode.

The syntax for the copy tftp license command is:

copy tftp license <A.B.C.D> <WORD>

The copy tftp license command is executed in the Privileged EXEC command mode.

"copy tftp license command parameters" (page 41) describes the

parameters and variables for the copy tftp license command.

copy tftp license command parameters

Parameters and variables

Description

ATTENTION

<A.B.C.D> The TFTP server address. <WORD> The software license filename on the TFTP server.

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series

Overview — System Conﬁguration

NN47215-500 (323162-B) 02.02 Standard

4.1 19 November 2007

42 Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series stacking

show license command The show license command displays the

existing licenses on your switch. The syntax for the show license command is:

show license { <1-10> | all }

The show license command is executed in the Privileged EXEC command mode.

Table 5 show license command parameters

Parameters and variables Description

<1-10> all Displays all licenses.

Displays the selected licenses.

The following ﬁgure displays a sample output for the show license all command after installing the license ﬁle.

Figure 11 show license all command output

clear license command The clear license command deletes the

existing licenses on your switch. The syntax for the clear license command is:

clear license { <1-10> | all }

The clear license command is executed in the Privileged EXEC command mode.

Copying the license ﬁle using the Java Device Manager

Use the Java Device Manager to copy the license ﬁle to the 2500 Series Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch.

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series

Overview — System Conﬁguration

NN47215-500 (323162-B) 02.02 Standard

4.1 19 November 2007

Step Action

Stacking functionality delivery 43

From the Device Manager menu select Edit > File System. The FileSystem dialog box appears.

Click the License File tab. The License File tab appears.

In the LoadServerAddr ﬁeld, enter the TFTP server address.

4 In the LicenseFileName ﬁeld, enter the software license ﬁlename

on the TFTP server.

ATTENTION

The LicenseFileName ﬁeld is case sensitive and you can use a maximum of 64 characters including the ﬁle extension. Numerals are allowed in the

LicenseFileName but special characters like @, -, #, and so on are not allowed.

5 6 7

8 9

In the LicenseFileAction ﬁeld, select dnldLicense. Click Apply. Click Refresh.

The LicenseFileStatus ﬁeld displays the ﬁle copy progress. After the ﬁle copy completes, a warning message appears prompting you to reboot the switch and activate the license.

To reboot the switch, choose Edit > Chassis Under the System tab, select the reboot option and click Apply.

—End—

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series

Overview — System Conﬁguration

NN47215-500 (323162-B) 02.02 Standard

4.1 19 November 2007

44 Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series stacking

Downloading the license ﬁles using the Web-based management interface

You can download the license ﬁles to the Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch. To download the Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series license ﬁles, a properly conﬁgured Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) server must be present in your network, and the Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series must have an IP address.

To download a license ﬁle, use the following procedure:

Step Action 1

From the main menu, choose Conﬁguration > License Download. The License Download page appears.

Figure 12 License Download page

The following table describes the ﬁelds on the License Download page.

Table 6 License Download page ﬁelds

Fields Description

License Image Filename Type the valid license image filename. Select Target Choose the target address. TFTP Server IP Address Type the IP address of your TFTP download

host.

Start Load of New License File ChooseYes to start downloading the new license

file immediately and No to cancel.

Remove License File Number Choose the license number to be removed.

2 3

Type information in the text boxes, or select from a list. Click Submit.

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series

Overview — System Conﬁguration

NN47215-500 (323162-B) 02.02 Standard

4.1 19 November 2007

Stack conﬁguration

The Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 series provides the capability for intelligent fail-safe resilient stacking of up to eight units in a single switch stack. This provides uninterrupted connectivity of up to 400 user ports in a virtual switch managed as a single unit.

All ERS 2500 series switches must be running software release 4.1 before being connected in a stack conﬁguration.

To set up a stack, do the following:

Step Action 1 Power down all switches.

Stack conﬁguration 45

—End—

ATTENTION

Set the Unit Select switch at the rear of the non-base units to the off position.

Plug all stack cables in to the rear RJ-45 cascade ports and ensure the cables are connected from Cascade Down on the ﬁrst unit to Cascade Up on the second unit and so on. The last unit in the stack must be connected back to the ﬁrst unit for full stack resiliency. Ensure all the cascade cables are properly connected.

Power up all the switches in the stack starting with the Base unit.

ATTENTION

In a mixed stack of 2526T, 2526T-PWR, 2550T, and 2550T-PWR, any switch can act as the Base unit.

—End—

ATTENTION

The rear ports must be operating Stacking Mode before adding a switch into a stack.

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series

Overview — System Conﬁguration

NN47215-500 (323162-B) 02.02 Standard

4.1 19 November 2007

46 Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series stacking

Conﬁguring the operational mode on rear ports using the CLI

You can use the following commands to conﬁgure the operational mode of rear ports into Stacking or Standalone Mode:

•

"rear-ports mode command" (page 46)

•

"show rear-ports mode command" (page 46)

rear-ports mode command

The rear-ports mode command conﬁgures the operational mode of the rear-port. The syntax for the rear-ports mode is:

# rear-ports mode [unit <1-8>] {standalone|stacking}

The rear-ports mode command is executed in the Global Conﬁguration command mode.

Table 7 "rear-ports mode command" (page 46) describes the parameters

and variables for the rear-ports mode command.

Table 7 rear-ports mode command

Parameters and variables Description

[unit <1-8>]

{standalone|stacking}

Specifies the unit number. You can use a maximum of eight units.

Specifies the operational mode of the selected unit.

show rear-ports mode command

The show rear-ports mode displays the operational mode of the rear port. The syntax for the show rear-ports mode is:

# show rear-ports mode

The show rear-ports mode command is executed in Global Conﬁguration command mode in the CLI. There are no parameters and variables for show rear-ports mode command.

Figure 13 "show rear-ports mode command output" (page 47) displays a

sample output of the show rear-ports mode command when the rear ports are set and running in Stacking Mode.

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series

Overview — System Conﬁguration

NN47215-500 (323162-B) 02.02 Standard

4.1 19 November 2007

Stack conﬁguration 47

Figure 13 show rear-ports mode command output

Conﬁguring the operational mode of rear ports using the Device Manager

Use the Device Manager to conﬁgure the operational mode of the rear ports into Standalone or Stacking Mode in the Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series. For more information on conﬁguring the operational mode of rear ports, see "Rear Ports Mode tab" (page 252)

Rear ports and stacking

The rear panel view of a Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 series switch consists of two RJ-45 1000BaseT ports and a Unit Select switch. In Stacking Mode, the two rear ports become the Cascade Down and Cascade Up ports for connecting switch units in a stack conﬁguration. The rear panel components are illustrated in the following diagram:

Figure 14 Rear panel components

Unit Select switch

The Unit Select switch is used to designate a switch in the stack as the base unit. Sliding the switch to the right designates that switch as the base unit. Only one switch in a stack has the Unit Select switch in the base unit position. All other switches in the stack must have the Unit Select switch in the left position.

The base unit designation of a switch is also displayed on the front panel LED display. For more information, see Table 2 "Ethernet Routing Switch

2500 Series LED descriptions" (page 28)

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series

Overview — System Conﬁguration

NN47215-500 (323162-B) 02.02 Standard

4.1 19 November 2007

48 Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series stacking

Cascade Down port

The Cascade Down port is used to connect this switch unit to the next unit in the stack through a stack cable. A connection from this port must be attached to the Cascade Up port of the next switch in the stack. A return cable from the Cascade Down port of the last unit must be connected to the Cascade Up port of the ﬁrst unit to complete the stack connection.

ATTENTION

Each Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 series switch is supplied with one 46-cm stack cable to create a stack connection. For stacking three or more units (maximum 8 units per stack), you need to order the 1.5 or 3 meters stack return cable (order number AL2518002-E6 and AL2518003-E6, respectively).

Cascade Up port

The Cascade Up port is used to accept a stack cable connection from an adjacent unit above. A return cable from the Cascade Up port of the ﬁrst unit must be connected to the Cascade Down port of the last unit to complete a stack connection.

ATTENTION

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 series switches use tested and certiﬁed Category 5E UTP cables as stack cables. All Nortel branded ERS 2500 series stack cables are for use with these switches. However, Cat 5E stack cable connections of up to 100 meters is possible between each ERS 2500 switch but not ofﬁcially supported. Using non-Nortel tested and certiﬁed stack cables for such conﬁgurations are solely the user’s responsibility should any stack operation issues occur.

The following illustration demonstrates the proper stack cable crossover conﬁguration. Failure to use this conﬁguration can result in loss of connectivity. This example shows a cascade down conﬁguration

Connecting stack cables

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series

Overview — System Conﬁguration

NN47215-500 (323162-B) 02.02 Standard

4.1 19 November 2007

1. Base Unit

2. Cascade Cable

3. Cascade Cable (used for return)

Initial stack installation

During the initial installation of the stack, the software automatically determines the physical order of all units in the stack according to the position of the base unit within the stack. Thereafter, the individual units maintain their original unit numbering, even if the position of one or more units in the stack is changed.

For example, when the stack is initially powered, the base unit becomes unit 1 and the unit that the base unit connects to (via the Cascade Down cable) becomes unit 2 (and the next unit is unit 3 and so on), until the maximum stack conﬁguration (up to 8 units) is reached. If the base unit is changed to another unit in the stack, the new base unit keeps its original unit number in the stack.

Stack MAC address

When a switch participates in a stack conﬁguration, a stack MAC address is automatically assigned during stack initialization. The stack MAC address is the base unit MAC address plus 1. If another unit in the stack is assigned as the base unit, the new stack MAC address is the MAC address of the new base unit plus 1. The original stack IP address still applies to the new base unit.

Stack conﬁguration 49

Stack conﬁgurations

Due to stack parameters being associated with the base unit, the physical stack order depends on the base unit position and whether the stack is conﬁgured cascade up (stack up) or cascade down (stack down). This designation depends on the stack cabling arrangement.

The system automatically numbers the physical units based on the designated base unit (Unit 1). In a cascade down conﬁguration, the base unit is physically located as the top unit in the stack. The cable connected to the Cascade Down connector of the base unit terminates in the Cascade Up connector on the next unit in the stack which is physically located below the base unit. This next unit is designated Unit 2. The stack is wired downward through the units and the system continues to number in this manner throughout the stack. In this conﬁguration, the base unit discovers the stack in a cascade down (stack down) direction. The following illustration demonstrates a cascade down (stack down) conﬁguration.

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series

Overview — System Conﬁguration

NN47215-500 (323162-B) 02.02 Standard

4.1 19 November 2007

50 Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series stacking

ATTENTION

Many network management software packages assume a cascade down (stack down) conﬁguration, Nortel recommends the usage of this conﬁguration.

Cascade down stack conﬁguration

In a cascade up (stack up) conﬁguration, the base unit is physically located as the top unit in the stack. The cable connected to the Cascade Down connector of the base unit terminates in the Cascade Up connector physicallylocated at the bottom of the stack. This next unit is designated Unit

2. The stack is wired upward through the units and the system continues to number in this manner throughout the stack. In this conﬁguration, the base unit discovers the stack in a cascade up (stack up) direction. The following illustration demonstrates a cascade up (stack up) conﬁguration.

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series

Overview — System Conﬁguration

NN47215-500 (323162-B) 02.02 Standard

4.1 19 November 2007

Cascade up stack conﬁguration

Stack conﬁguration 51

Regardless of stack conﬁguration, the following applies:

•

When power is applied to the stack the base unit initializes, typically within 60 seconds, and the entire stack powers up as a single logical unit.

•

A RS-232 communications cable can be attached to the console port of any switch in the stack to establish a console connection.

• Asoftware upgrade can be performed on the stack from any switch using the console interface, a Telnet session, the web-based management interface, or any SNMP-based management software.

•

The stack can be managed using a Telnet session, web-based management interface, or any SNMP-based management software through any stack switch port.

• When stacking two or more switches. use the 3 meters cascade max-return cable (part number AL2518003-E6) to complete the link from the last unit in the stack to the base unit.

Temporary base unit

If an assigned base unit fails, the next unit in the stack order automatically becomes the new temporary base unit. This change is indicated by the Base LED on the temporary base unit LED display panel moving to a steady amber state.

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series

Overview — System Conﬁguration

NN47215-500 (323162-B) 02.02 Standard

4.1 19 November 2007

52 Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series stacking

This automatic failover is only a temporary safeguard. If the stack conﬁguration loses power, the temporary base unit cannot power up as the base unit when power is restored. Also, if the original unit rejoins the stack, it cannot resume base unit status. For this reason, always assign the temporary base unit as the base unit until the failed unit is repaired or replaced.

ATTENTION

If the temporary base unit is not assigned as the new base unit, and the temporary base unit fails, the next unit in the stack order becomes the temporary base unit. This process continues after successive failures until only two units are left in the stack.

Redundant cascade stacking

The Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series allows a stack of up to 8 units into a dual-path cascade stack. If any single unit fails or if a cable is accidently disconnected, other units in the stack remain operational without interruption.

In addition to increasing bandwidth, the software uses the cables to provide two paths between units. If one path breaks the data travels over the remaining path with half the normal inter-switch bandwidth.

The following diagram shows an example of a stack conﬁguration with a unit failure in the stack. This illustrates:

• Unit 3 becomes non-operational due to a unit failure, cable disconnection, or a loss of power.

•

Units 2 and 4, directly upstream and downstream from Unit 3, sense the loss of link signals from unit 3. The software causes all the data to traverse the remaining path.

•

The Cascade Down LED for Unit 2 and the Cascade Up LED for Unit 4 turn amber to indicate an error has been detected.

•

The remaining stack units continue to be connected.

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series

Overview — System Conﬁguration

NN47215-500 (323162-B) 02.02 Standard

4.1 19 November 2007

Redundant cascade stacking

Stack conﬁguration 53

Removing a stack unit

If a unit is removed from the stack, the following switch conﬁguration settings revert to those conﬁgured before the unit became a member of the stack:

•

IP address

•

Console, Web, Telnet, and SNMP passwords

•

SNMP community strings

Adding/Replacing a stack unit

To replace a failed stack unit or insert a new unit into a stack, follow this procedure:

Step Action 1

Upload a copy of the stack conﬁguration ﬁle to a TFTP server. Since unit failure is not a predictable situation, it is suggested that

the stack conﬁguration ﬁle is backed up regularly to a TFTP server. Obtain the new ERS 2500 switch.

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series

Overview — System Conﬁguration

NN47215-500 (323162-B) 02.02 Standard

4.1 19 November 2007

54 Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series stacking

Ensure that the new switch is set to factory default values. Then, if the unit is a standalone ERS 2500 switch, ensure that a valid stacking license.dat ﬁle is installed on the switch and the rear ports are operating in Stacking Mode. If the unit is a Stack Enabled ERS 2500 switch, then the unit is ready for adding or replacing. For information on installing a stacking license, see "Standalone

conﬁguration with license ﬁles" (page 40).

Download the conﬁguration ﬁle to the new unit. Manually insert the new unit in the stack. Turn off the new unit

inserted into the stack and manually replace the failed unit in the stack. Plug in the stack cables into the appropriate cascade ports.

Power up the new unit in the stack. The new unit joins the stack and the conﬁguration of the failed unit is

replicated onto it. Once the replication is completed, the new unit is reset and rejoins the stack automatically.

If the base unit is being replaced, remember that the stack elected a temporary base unit. The new unit cannot automatically resume operation as the base unit even with the Unit Select switch set to Base. To restore the stack to its original running state with the new unit set to Base using the Unit Select switch, the switch stack must be reset.

Auto Unit Replacement

The Auto Unit Replacement (AUR) feature enables users to replace a unit from a stack while retaining the conﬁguration of the unit. This feature requires the stack power to be on during the unit replacement.

—End—

The main feature of the AUR is the ability to retain the conﬁguration (CFG) image of a unit in a stack during a unit replacement. The retained CFG image from the old unit is restored to the new unit. Because retained CFG images are kept in the DRAM of the stack, the stack power must be kept on during the procedure.

In order for AUR to function properly, the new unit and the existing units in the stack must all be running the same version of software (Release 4.1 software or later).

ATTENTION

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series

Overview — System Conﬁguration

NN47215-500 (323162-B) 02.02 Standard

4.1 19 November 2007

Auto Unit Replacement 55

ATTENTION

AUR is intended for a stack conﬁguration of two or more units. In a two-unit stack conﬁguration, if a unit fails, the remaining unit becomes a standalone switch. AUR loads the conﬁguration of the failed unit in the replacement of ERS 2500 Series unit if the failed unit was a non-Base Unit.

AUR is not designed for the situation of removing and reinserting the same switch (with the same MAC address).

Other information related to this feature:

•

The new unit must be the same hardware conﬁguration as the old, including the same number of ports.

•

If the administrator adds a new unit with a different hardware conﬁguration, the conﬁguration of this unit is used.

• If the administrator adds a new unit with the same hardware conﬁguration, the previous conﬁguration of the new unit is lost. It is overwritten with the restored conﬁguration from the stack.

•

This feature can be disabled/enabled at any time using the CLI. The default mode is ENABLE.

•

Customer log messages are provided.

After booting a stack, use the CLI command show stack auto-unit- replacement from a unit console to ﬁnd out if that unit is ready for replacement.

AUR function

The CFG mirror image is a mirror of a CFG image (in FLASH) of a unit in a stack. The mirror image does not reside in the same unit with the CFG image. The unit that contains the CFG image is called the Associated Unit (AU) of the CFG mirror image. The MAC Address of the AU is called the Associated Mac Address (AMA) of the CFG mirror image.

An active CFG Mirror Image is a CFG mirror image that has its AU in the stack. An INACTIVE CFG Mirror Image is a CFG mirror image for which the associated AU has been removed from the stack. When a CFG mirror image becomes INACTIVE, the INACTIVE CFG mirror image is copied to another unit.

ATTENTION

The stack always keeps two copies of an INACTIVE CFG mirror image in the stack in case one unit is removed–the other unit can still provide the backup INACTIVE CFG mirror image.

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series

Overview — System Conﬁguration

NN47215-500 (323162-B) 02.02 Standard

4.1 19 November 2007

56 Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series stacking

CFG mirror image process

The CFG mirror image process is triggered by speciﬁc events. Power Cycle After a power cycle, all the CFG images in a stack are

mirrored.

Figure 15 "CFG mirror process in stack" (page 56) illustrates the CFG mirror

images in a three-unit stack after the stack is powered on. Unit 1 is the Based Unit (BU) and all other units are Non-Based Units (NBU).

•

Unit 1 (BU) contains mirror images for unit 2 (CFG 2) and unit 3 (CFG 3).

•

Unit 2 (NBU), is the TEMP-BU. It contains a mirror image of unit 1 (CFG

1), in case the BU (unit 1) is removed from the stack.

•

All three mirror images (CFG 1, CFG 2, and CFG 3) are active.

•

Unit 2 is the Associated Unit of the CFG 2 mirror image.

•

The Mac Address 2 is the Associated Mac Address (AMA) of the CFG 2 mirror image.

Figure 15 CFG mirror process in stack

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series

Overview — System Conﬁguration

NN47215-500 (323162-B) 02.02 Standard

4.1 19 November 2007

Adding a unit In a stack that does not have any INACTIVE CFG mirror images, adding a new unit causes the CFG image of the new unit to be mirrored in the stack. For example, in Figure 16 "CFG mirror images in the

stack after adding unit 4" (page 57), after adding unit 4 to the stack, the

CFG 4 mirror image is created in the BU (unit 1).

Figure 16 CFG mirror images in the stack after adding unit 4

Auto Unit Replacement 57

Removing an NBU When an NBU is removed from a stack, the related CFG mirror image in the stack becomes INACTIVE.

The AUR feature ensures that the stack always has two copies of an INACTIVE CFG mirror image. These two copies must not reside in the same unit in the stack.

For example, after the removal of unit 4 from the stack shown in Figure 16

"CFG mirror images in the stack after adding unit 4" (page 57), the CFG 4

mirror image becomes INACTIVE (see Figure 17 "CFG mirror images after

removing unit 4" (page 58)). Another copy of the INACTIVE CFG 4 mirror

image is also created in unit 2.

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series

Overview — System Conﬁguration

NN47215-500 (323162-B) 02.02 Standard

4.1 19 November 2007

58 Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series stacking

Figure 17 CFG mirror images after removing unit 4

Removing a BU When a BU is removed, the TEMP-BU assumes the role of the BU. Because all the CFG mirror images of the NBUs reside in the removed BU, the TEMP-BU mirrors all the CFG image of the NBUs in the stack.

After the removal of the BU from the stack shown in Figure 16 "CFG mirror

images in the stack after adding unit 4" (page 57), the TEMP-BU (unit 2)

has to mirror all the CFG images in the stack (see Figure 18 "CFG mirror

images in the stack after removing the BU (unit 1)" (page 59)). The feature

also ensures that the stack always has two copies of an INACTIVE CFG mirror image.

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series

Overview — System Conﬁguration

NN47215-500 (323162-B) 02.02 Standard

4.1 19 November 2007

Figure 18 CFG mirror images in the stack after removing the BU (unit 1)

Auto Unit Replacement 59

As shown in Figure 18 "CFG mirror images in the stack after removing

the BU (unit 1)" (page 59):

•

Unit 2 becomes the TEMP-BU.

•

The CFG 1 mirror image (residing in unit 2) becomes INACTIVE.

•

A second copy of the INACTIVE CFG 1 mirror image is created in unit 3.

• The TEMP-BU (unit 2) contains all CFG mirror images of the stack’s NBUs.

•

The CFG 2 mirror image is created in unit 3. Unit 3 becomes the next TEMP-BU in case the current TEMP-BU is removed.

Restoring a CFG image

Restoring a CFG image is a process that overwrites the CFG image of a new unit in a stack with an INACTIVE mirror image stored in the stack.

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series

Overview — System Conﬁguration

NN47215-500 (323162-B) 02.02 Standard

4.1 19 November 2007

60 Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series stacking

ATTENTION

Restore a CFG image to a new unit happens only if the following conditions are met.

•

The AUR feature is enabled.

•

There is at least one INACTIVE CFG mirror image in the stack.

•

The MAC Address of the new unit is different from all the AMA of the INACTIVE CFG mirror images in the stack.

The image restore process consists of the following steps:

Step Action 1

Adding a new unit to a stack The INACTIVE CFG mirror image in the stack is sent to the new unit.

The INACTIVE CFG mirror image becomes ACTIVE.

3 4

The new unit saves the received CFG image to its ﬂash. The new unit resets itself.

—End—

For example, if a unit 5 (MAC Address 5) is added to the stack shown in

Figure 18 "CFG mirror images in the stack after removing the BU (unit 1)" (page 59), the following occurs (see Figure 19 "CFG mirror images in the stack after adding unit 5" (page 61)):

•

The INACTIVE CFG 1 mirror image is copied to the CFG 5 image. Unit 5 now has the conﬁguration of unit 1 that is no longer in the stack.

•

The INACTIVE CFG 1 mirror image in unit 2 becomes ACTIVE.

•

The INACTIVE CFG 1 mirror image in unit 3 is removed.

•

The MAC Address 5 of the unit 5 becomes the new AMA of the CFG 1 mirror image.

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series

Overview — System Conﬁguration

NN47215-500 (323162-B) 02.02 Standard

4.1 19 November 2007

Figure 19 CFG mirror images in the stack after adding unit 5

Auto Unit Replacement 61

Synchronizing the CFG mirror images with CFG images

A CFG mirror image is updated whenever a CFG ﬂash synchronization occurs in the AU.

Conﬁguring AUR using the CLI

This section describes the CLI commands used in AUR conﬁguration.

show stack auto-unit-replacement command

The show stack auto-unit-replacement command displays the current AUR settings.

The syntax for this command is:

show stack auto-unit-replacement

The stack auto-unit-replacement enable command is in all command modes.

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series

Overview — System Conﬁguration

NN47215-500 (323162-B) 02.02 Standard

4.1 19 November 2007

62 Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series stacking

There are no parameters or variables for the show stack auto-unit replacement command.

stack auto-unit-replacement enable command

The stack auto-unit-replacement enable command enables AUR on the switch.

The syntax for this command is:

stack auto-unit-replacement enable

The stack auto-unit-replacement enable command is executed in the Global Conﬁguration mode.

There are no parameters or variables for the stack auto-unit- replacement enable command.

no stack auto-unit-replacement enable command

The no stack auto-unit-replacement enable command disables AUR on the switch.

The syntax for this command is:

no stack auto-unit-replacement enable

The no stack auto-unit-replacement enable command is executed in the Global Conﬁguration mode.

There are no parameters or variables for the no stack auto-unit-replacement enable command.

default stack auto-unit-replacement enable command

The default stack auto-unit-replacement enable command restores the default AUR settings.

The syntax for this command is:

default stack auto-unit-replacement enable

The default stack auto-unit-replacement enable command is

executed in the Global Conﬁguration mode. There are no parameters or variables for the default stack

auto-unit-replacement enable command.

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series

Overview — System Conﬁguration

NN47215-500 (323162-B) 02.02 Standard

4.1 19 November 2007

Conﬁguring AUR using Device Manager

You also can enable or disable AUR using Device Manager by toggling the AutoUnitReplacementEnabled ﬁeld in the System tab (see "System tab"

(page 259)).

Displaying unit stack uptime

You can display the uptime for each unit in a stack. Unit stack uptime collects the stack uptime for each unit in a stack and reports this information when requested. You can determine how long each unit is connected to the stack. You can use the show stack-info uptime to display the unit uptimes. The syntax for the show stack-info uptime is

show stack-info uptime

The show stack-info uptime is executed in Privileged EXEC command mode and takes no parameters.

Auto Unit Replacement 63

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series

Overview — System Conﬁguration

NN47215-500 (323162-B) 02.02 Standard

4.1 19 November 2007

64 Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series stacking

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series

Overview — System Conﬁguration

NN47215-500 (323162-B) 02.02 Standard

4.1 19 November 2007

System conﬁguration software features

This chapter describes the software features used for system conﬁguration on the Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series. It includes information about the following topics:

•

x-ref to switch management features

• x-ref to ethernet port management features

•

x-ref to other features

Switch management features

Conﬁguration and switch management

The Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series that is shipped directly from the factory is ready to operate in any 10BASE-T or 100BASE-TX standard network.

You must assign an IP address to the switch. You can set both addresses by using the Console port or BootP, which resides on the switch. You can manage the switch using:

•

Command Line Interface (CLI) The CLI is used to automate general management and conﬁguration

of the Ethernet Routing Switch 2500. Use the CLI through a Telnet connection or through the serial port on the console. See "CLI Basics"

(page 81) for more information.

•

Java-based Device Manager Device Manager is a Java-based set of graphical network management

applications used to conﬁgure and manage an Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series. See "Getting Started with Device Manager" (page 101) for more information.

•

Web-based management You can manage the network from the World Wide Web. Access the

web-based Graphical User Interface (GUI) through the Embedded Web Server (EWS), the HTML-based browser located on your network. The

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series

Overview — System Conﬁguration

NN47215-500 (323162-B) 02.02 Standard

4.1 19 November 2007

66 System conﬁguration software features

GUI lets you conﬁgure, monitor, and maintain your network through Web browsers. You can also download software using the Web.

For information about web-based management, see "Using the

Web-based management interface" (page 145).

•

Any generic SNMP-based network management software. You can use any generic SNMP-based network management software

to conﬁgure and manage an Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series.

Console port settings

The efault settings for the Console port are:

•

9600 baud with eight data bits

•

One stop bit

•

No parity as the communications format

•

Flow control set to disabled

Switch banner

When you connect to the switch through the Console port or through a Telnet connection, you are presented with a Nortel switch banner. Enter Ctrl+Y to proceed to the CLI interface.

Figure 20 Login banner

User name and password

You can use the CLI to set user names as well as passwords for system access through the CLI, Telnet, and web-based management. The syntax for the username command is:

username <username> <password> [ro|rw]

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series

Overview — System Conﬁguration

NN47215-500 (323162-B) 02.02 Standard

4.1 19 November 2007

You can also set the CLI password using the cli password command, or the Password Setting web-based management page. When you log on to the switch, you are prompted to enter a valid user name. Therefore, ensure you are aware of the valid usernames (default RW and RO) before you change passwords.

For the standard software image, the default password for user RO is "user" and for user RW is "secure". For the secure software image, the default password for RO is "userpasswd" and for RW is "securepasswd".

For more information about this and other advanced security features supported on the Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series, see Nortel Ethernet

Routing Switch 2500 Series Security — Conﬁguration and Management (NN47215-505).

Logging in

If you set a password using the username or cli password command, the next time you access the switch, you are prompted for a username and password as shown in Figure 21 "Login screen" (page 67) (default usernames are RW and RO).

Switch management features 67

Figure 21 Login screen

Enter a valid user name and password and press Enter. You are then directed to the CLI.

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series

Overview — System Conﬁguration

NN47215-500 (323162-B) 02.02 Standard

4.1 19 November 2007

68 System conﬁguration software features

For information about the security features on the switch, see Nortel

Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series Security — Conﬁguration and Management (NN47215-505).

Autosave feature

By default, every 60 seconds the Ethernet Routing Switch checks whether a conﬁguration change has occurred, or if a log message is written to nonvolatile storage. If one of these two events has occurred, the system automatically saves its conﬁguration and the nonvolatilelog to ﬂash memory. Also, the system automatically saves the conﬁguration ﬁle if a system reset command is invoked by the user.

Do not power off the switch within 60 seconds of changing any conﬁguration parameters. Doing so causes loss of changes in the conﬁguration parameters.

ATTENTION

You can enable or disable the autosave feature using the and no autosave enable commands.

You can use the CLI command copy config nvram to force a manual save of the conﬁguration when the autosave feature is disabled.

Using SNTP

The Simple Network Time Protocol (SNTP) feature synchronizes the Universal Coordinated Time (UTC) to an accuracy within 1 second. This feature adheres to the IEEE RFC 2030 (MIB is the s5agent). With this feature, the system can obtain the time from any RFC 2030-compliant NTP/SNTP server.

If you have trouble using this feature, try other NTP servers. Some NTP servers can be overloaded or currently inoperable.

The system attempts to connect to the NTP server at least three times, with ﬁve minutes duration between each retry. If the connection fails after three attempts, the system waits for the next synchronization time (the default is 24 hours) and begins the process again.

autosave enable

ATTENTION

The SNTP provides a real-time timestamp for the software, shown as Greenwich Mean Time (GMT).

If the SNTP is enabled (the default value is disabled), the system synchronizes with the conﬁgured NTP server at bootup and at user-conﬁgurable periods thereafter (the default sync interval is 24 hours). The ﬁrst synchronization is not performed until network connectivity is established.

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series

Overview — System Conﬁguration

NN47215-500 (323162-B) 02.02 Standard

4.1 19 November 2007

Switch management features 69

The SNTP supports primary and secondary NTP servers. The system tries the secondary NTP server only if the primary NTP server is unresponsive.

Conﬁguring with CLI

To use the CLI to conﬁgure the SNTP feature, use the following procedure:

Step Action 1

2 3 4

Set the primary and secondary NTP server. Enable the SNTP. Display the UTC time. Optionally, to ensure the synchronization happens immediately,

force a synchronization.

—End—

Setting local time zone

The SNTP uses Universal Coordinated Time (UTC) for all time synchronizations so it is not affected by different time zones. For the switch to report the correct time for your local time zone and daylight savings time, you must use the following commands:

•

"clock time-zone" (page 213)

•

"no clock time-zone" (page 213)

• "clock summer-time" (page 213)

•

"no clock summer-time" (page 214)

•

"show clock time-zone" (page 214)

• Figure 75 "show clock summer-time" (page 215)

Using DNS to ping and Telnet

You can use the DNS client to ping or Telnet to a host server or to a host by name.

To use this feature, you must conﬁgure at least one Domain Name Server (DNS). You can also conﬁgure a default domain name. If you conﬁgure a default domain name, that name is appended to host names that do not contain a dot. The default domain name and addresses are saved in NVRAM.

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series

Overview — System Conﬁguration

NN47215-500 (323162-B) 02.02 Standard

4.1 19 November 2007

70 System conﬁguration software features

The host names for ping and Telnet cannot be longer than 63 alphanumeric characters, and the default DNS domain name cannot be longer than 255 characters.

Conﬁguring with CLI

You can use the CLI to conﬁgure the DNS client. Following are the commands used to conﬁgure the DNS client using the CLI.

•

show ip dns command

•

ping command

•

ip name-server command

•

no ip name-server command

•

ip domain-name command

•

no ip domain-name command

•

default ip domain-name command

You can also use the ping command to specify additional ping parameters, including the number of ICMP packets to be sent, the packet size, the interval between packets, and the timeout. You can also set the ping to continuous, or you can set a debug ﬂag to obtain extra debug information.

For more information about these commands, see "System conﬁguration

using the CLI" (page 177).

BootP automatic IP conﬁguration/MAC address

The Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series has a unique 48-bit hardware address, or MAC address, that is printed on a label on the back panel. You can use this MAC address when you conﬁgure the network BootP server to recognize the Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series BootP requests. A properly conﬁgured BootP server lets the switch automatically learn its assigned IP address, subnet mask, IP address of the default router (default gateway), and software image ﬁle name.

For more information and an example of a BootP conﬁguration ﬁle, see

Appendix "Sample BootP conﬁguration ﬁle" (page 351).

Choosing a BootP request mode

The BootP Request Mode ﬁeld in the IP Conﬁguration window lets you choose which method the switch uses to broadcast BootP requests:

• BootP or Default IP

•

BootP Always

•

BootP Disabled

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series

Overview — System Conﬁguration

NN47215-500 (323162-B) 02.02 Standard

4.1 19 November 2007

Switch management features 71

•

BootP or Last Address

ATTENTION

Whenever the switch is broadcasting BootP requests, the BootP process eventually times out if a reply is not received. When the process times out, the BootP request mode automatically changes to BootP Disabled mode. To restart the BootP process, change the BootP request mode to any of the three following modes:

•

BootP or Default IP

•

BootP Always

•

BootP or Last Address

BootP or Default IP

The Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series operates in the BootP or Default IP mode (the default mode) as follows:

•

After the switch is reset or power cycled, if the switch has a conﬁgured IP address other than 0.0.0.0 or the default IP address, then the switch uses the conﬁgured IP address.

•

If the conﬁgured IP address is 0.0.0.0 or the default IP address (192.168.1.1/24), then the switch attempts BootP for 1 minute.

•

If BootP succeeds, then the switch uses the IP information provided.

•

If BootP fails and the conﬁgured IP address is the default, then the switch uses the default IP address (192.168.1.1/24).

•

If BootP fails and the conﬁgured IP address is 0.0.0.0, then the switch retains this address.

BootP Always

This option lets you manage the switch that is conﬁgured with the IP address obtained from the BootP server. The Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series operates in the BootP Always mode as follows:

•

The switch continues to broadcast BootP requests, regardless of whether an in-band IP address is set from the console terminal.

•

If the switch receives a BootP reply that contains an in-band IP address, the switch uses this new in-band IP address.

•

If the BootP server is not reachable, you cannot change the in-band IP address until the BootP mode is set to BootP Disabled. However, after a period of a few minutes (appoximately 10 minutes), the switch automatically enters the BootP Disabled mode. You can then conﬁgure the IP address using the CLI.

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series

Overview — System Conﬁguration

NN47215-500 (323162-B) 02.02 Standard

4.1 19 November 2007

72 System conﬁguration software features

If an IP address is not currently in use, these actions take effect immediately. If an IP address is currently in use, these actions take effect only after the switch is reset or power cycled.

BootP Disabled

This option lets you manage the switch by using the IP address set from the console terminal. The Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series operates in the BootP Disabled mode as described in the following steps:

•

The switch does not broadcast BootP requests, regardless of whether an IP address is set from the console terminal.

•

The switch can be managed only by using the in-band switch IP address set from the console terminal.

BootP or Last Address

This option lets you manage the switch even if a BootP server is not reachable. The Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series operates in the BootP or Last Address mode as described in the following steps:

•

When you specify the IP data from the console terminal, the IP address becomes the in-band address of the switch. BootP requests are not broadcast. You can manage the switch using this in-band IP address.

•

When you do not specify the in-band IP address from the console terminal, the switch broadcasts BootP requests until it receives a BootP reply containing an in-band IP address. If the switch does not receive a BootP reply that contains an in-band IP address within 10 minutes, the switch uses the last in-band IP address it received from a BootP server. This IP information is displayed in the Last BootP column.

If the IP address speciﬁed as the in-band IP address is not currently in use, these actions take effect immediately. If an IP address is currently in use, these actions take effect only after the switch is reset or power cycled.

Default BootP setting

With Release 4.1 software, the default operational mode for BootP on the switch is BootP or Default IP. The switch requests an IP address from BootP only if one is not already set from the console terminal (or if the IP address is the default IP address: 192.168.1.1).

Flash memory storage

Switch software image storage

The Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series uses ﬂash memory to store the switch software image. The ﬂash memory lets you update the software image with a newer version without changing the switch hardware (see

"Upgrading software" (page 229)). An in-band connection between the

switch and the TFTP load host is required to download the software image.

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series

Overview — System Conﬁguration

NN47215-500 (323162-B) 02.02 Standard

4.1 19 November 2007

Conﬁguration File Download/Upload

The Conﬁguration Management feature lets you store and retrieve the conﬁguration parameters of an Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series to a TFTP server. This feature supports two different methods for managing system conﬁguration ﬁles:

•

Binary conﬁguration ﬁle management

• ASCII conﬁguration ﬁle management

Requirements

The following requirements apply to the Conﬁguration ﬁle feature:

•

The Conﬁguration File feature can only be used to copy standalone switch conﬁguration parameters to other standalone switches.

•

A conﬁguration ﬁle obtained from a standalone switch can only be used to conﬁgure other standalone switches that have the same ﬁrmware revision and model type as the donor standalone switch.

Table 8 "Parameters not saved to the conﬁguration ﬁle" (page 73) describes

conﬁguration ﬁle parameter information.

Switch management features 73

Table 8 Parameters not saved to the conﬁguration ﬁle

These parameters are not saved

In-Band Switch IP Address In-Band Subnet Mask Default Gateway Configuration Image Filename TFTP Server IP Address Terminal settings (speed, width, length)

Binary conﬁguration ﬁle

You can store the conﬁguration parameters of a switch to a TFTP server and retrieve the stored parameters to automatically conﬁgure a replacement switch. Certain requirements apply when automatically conﬁguring a switch using this feature (see "Requirements" (page 73)). You can set up the ﬁle on your TFTP server and set the ﬁlename read and write permission to enabled before you can save the conﬁguration parameters.

Although most conﬁguration parameters are saved to the conﬁguration ﬁle, certain parameters are not saved (see Table 8 "Parameters not saved to the

conﬁguration ﬁle" (page 73)).

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series

Overview — System Conﬁguration

NN47215-500 (323162-B) 02.02 Standard

4.1 19 November 2007

74 System conﬁguration software features

ASCII conﬁguration ﬁle

You can also store the conﬁguration parameters of a switch/stack as an ASCII conﬁguration ﬁle and retrieve the stored ﬁle to automatically conﬁgure a replacement switch/stack.

Autotopology

You can enable the Optivity* Autotopology* protocol on the Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series using the CLI. For more information about Autotopology, go to the Nortel support site: www.nortel.com/support (The product family for Optivity and Autotopology is Data and Internet.)

Link Layer Discovery Protocol (IEEE 802.1ab)

Release 4.1 software supports the Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP) (IEEE 802.1ab), which lets stations connected to a LAN to advertise their capabilities to each other, enabling the discovery of physical topology information for network management. LLDP-compatible stations can consist of any interconnection device including PCs, IP Phones, switches, and routers. Each LLDP station stores LLDP information in a standard Management Information Base (MIB), making it possible for the information to be accessed by a network management system (NMS) or application.

Each LLDP station:

•

advertises connectivity and management information about the local station to adjacent stations on the same 802 LAN (802.3 Ethernet with Ethernet Routing Switch 2500)

•

receives network management information from adjacent stations on the same LAN

ATTENTION

LLDP works in stack mode.

LLDP makes it possible to discover certain conﬁguration inconsistencies or malfunctions that can result in impaired communications at higher layers. For example, it can be used to discover duplex mismatches between an IP Phone and the connected switch.

LLDP is compatible with IETF PROTO MIB (IETF RFC 2922).

Figure 22 "How LLDP works" (page 75) shows an example of how LLDP

works in a network.

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series

Overview — System Conﬁguration

NN47215-500 (323162-B) 02.02 Standard

4.1 19 November 2007

Figure 22 How LLDP works

Switch management features 75

1. The Ethernet Routing Switch and router advertise chassis or port IDs and system descriptions to each other.

2. The devices store the information about each other in local MIB databases, accessible using SNMP.

3. A network management system retrieves the data stored by each device and builds a network topology map.

LLDP operational modes

LLDP is a one-way protocol. An LLDP agent can transmit information about the capabilities and current status of the system associated with its MAC service access point (MSAP) identiﬁer. The LLDP agent can also receive information about the capabilities and current status of the system associated with a remote MSAP identiﬁer. However, LLDP agents cannot solicit information from each other.

You can set the local LLDP agent to transmit only, receive only, or to both transmit and receive LLDP information. You can conﬁgure the state for LLDP reception and transmission using SNMP or CLI commands.

Connectivity and management information

The information ﬁelds in each LLDP frame are contained in a Link Layer Discovery Protocol Data Unit (LLDPDU) as a sequence of short, variable length, information elements known as type, length, value (TLV). Each LLDPDU includes the following four mandatory TLVs:

• chassis ID TLV

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series

Overview — System Conﬁguration

NN47215-500 (323162-B) 02.02 Standard

4.1 19 November 2007

76 System conﬁguration software features

•

port ID TLV

•

Time to Live TLV

•

End Of LLDPDU TLV

The chassis ID and the port ID values are concatenated to form a logical MSAP identiﬁer that is used by the recipient to identify the sending LLDP agent and port.

A non-zero value in the Time to Live (TTL) ﬁeld of the TTL TLV indicates to the receiving LLDP agent how long the LLDPDU information from the MSAP identiﬁer remains valid. All LLDPDU information is automatically discarded by the receiving LLDP agent if the sender fails to update it in a timely manner. A zero value in TTL ﬁeld of Time To Live TLV tells the receiving LLDP agent to discard the information associated with the LLDPDU MSAP identiﬁer.

In addition to the four mandatory TLVs, Release 4.1 software supports the basic management TLV set. You can specify which of these optional TLVs to include in the transmitted LLDPDUs for each port.

The optional management TLVs are as follows:

•

Port Description TLV

•

System Name TLV

•

System Description TLV

•

System Capabilities TLV (indicates both the system supported capabilities and enabled capabilities, such as end station, bridge, or router)

•

Management Address TLV

Transmitting LLDPDUs When a transmit cycle is initiated, the LLDP manager extracts the managed objects from the LLDP local system MIB and formats this information into TLVs. The TLVs are then inserted into the LLDPDU.

LLDPDUs are regularly transmitted at a user-conﬁgurable transmit interval (tx-delay), or when any of the variables contained in the LLPDU are modiﬁed on the local system (such as system name or management address). Tx-delay is the minimum delay between successive LLDP frame transmissions.

TLV system MIBs The LLDP local system MIB stores the information for constructing the various TLVs to be sent. The LLDP remote system MIB stores the information received from remote LLDP agents.

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series

Overview — System Conﬁguration

NN47215-500 (323162-B) 02.02 Standard

4.1 19 November 2007

LLDPDU and TLV error handling LLDPDUs and TLVs that contain detectable errors are discarded. TLVs that are not recognized, but that also contain no basic format errors, are assumed to be validated and are stored for possible later retrieval by network management.

Conﬁguring LLDP using the CLI

For information about conﬁguring LLDP using the CLI, see "Conﬁguring

LLDP using the CLI" (page 77).

Ethernet port management features

Autosensing and autonegotiation

The Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series is an autosensing and autonegotiating device:

•

The term autosense refers to the ability of a port to sense the speed of an attached device.

• Theterm autonegotiation refers to a standardized protocol (IEEE 802.3u) that exists between two IEEE 802.3u-capable devices. Autonegotiation lets the switch select the best of speed and duplex modes.

Ethernet port management features 77

Autosensing is used when the attached device is not capable of autonegotiation or is using a form of autonegotiation that is not compatible with the IEEE 802.3u standard. In this case, because it is not possible to sense the duplex mode of the attached device, the Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series reverts to half-duplex mode.

When autonegotiation-capable devices are attached to the Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series, the ports negotiate down from 100 Mb/s speed and full-duplex mode until the attached device acknowledges a supported speed and duplex mode.

Custom Autonegotiation Advertisements

Custom Autonegotiation Advertisements (CANA) lets you customize the capabilities that you advertise. For example, if a port is capable of 10/100/1000 full duplex operation, the port can be conﬁgured to only advertise 10 half-duplex capabilities.

CANA lets you control the capabilities that are advertised by the Ethernet switches as part of the autonegotiation process. In the current software releases, autonegotiation can either be enabled or disabled.

When autonegotiation is disabled, the hardware is conﬁgured for a single (ﬁxed) speed and duplex value. When autonegotiation is enabled, the advertisement made by the product is a constant value based upon all speed and duplex modes supported by the hardware.

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series

Overview — System Conﬁguration

NN47215-500 (323162-B) 02.02 Standard

4.1 19 November 2007

78 System conﬁguration software features

When autonegotiating, the switch selects the highest common operating mode supported between the switch and its link partner.

In certain situations, it is useful to autonegotiate a speciﬁc speed and duplex value. In these situations, the switch can allow for attachment at an operating mode other than its highest supported value.

For example, if the switch advertises only a 100 Mbps full-duplex capability on a speciﬁc link, the link goes active only if the neighboring device is also capable of autonegotiating a 100 Mbps full-duplex capability. This prevents mismatched speed and duplex modes if customers disable autonegotiation on the neighboring device.

The CANA feature is available only for built-in 10/100 Ethernet ports and combo ports (not available for rear ports).

You can only enable CANA through the CLI. When CANA is enabled on a port, autonegotiation status is displayed as Custom in the web-based management interface.

ATTENTION

High speed ﬂow control

The high speed ﬂow control feature lets you control trafﬁc and avoid congestion on the gigabit full-duplex link. If the receive port buffer becomes full, the Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series issues a ﬂow-control signal to the device at the other end of the link to suspend transmission. When the receive buffer is no longer full, the switch issues a signal to resume the transmission. You can choose Symmetric or Asymmetric ﬂow control mode.

High speed ﬂow control cannot be conﬁgured unless you set Autonegotiation to Disabled on the port and the speed/duplex is at 1000/full.

Two high speed ﬂow control modes are available:

Symmetric mode

This mode lets both GBIC port and its link partner to send ﬂow control pause frames to each other.

When a pause frame is received (by either the GBIC port or its link partner), the port suspends transmission of frames for a number of slot times speciﬁed in the control frame or until a pause-release control frame is received. Both devices on the link must support this mode when it is selected.

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series

Overview — System Conﬁguration

NN47215-500 (323162-B) 02.02 Standard

4.1 19 November 2007

Asymmetric mode

This mode lets the link partner send ﬂow control pause frames to the GBIC port. When a pause frame is received, the receiving port suspends transmission of frames for a number of slot times speciﬁed in the control frame or until a pause-release control frame is received.

In this mode, the GBIC port is disabled from transmitting pause frames to its link partner. Use this mode when the GBIC port is connected to a buffered repeater device.

You can choose a high speed ﬂow control mode using CLI commands. For more information about the commands see "Enabling ﬂow control" (page

240).

Rate Limiting Conﬁguration

The Rate Limiting feature lets you conﬁgure the threshold limits forbroadcast and multicast packets ingressing on a port for a given time interval. The Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series drops any packets received above the threshold value if the trafﬁc ingressing on the port exceeds the threshold. The hardware restrictions on this platform do not allow you to determine if the trafﬁc from a port is the cause of excess broadcast or multicast trafﬁc. Consequently you cannot perform port speciﬁc actions such as disabling a port. You can generate a trap to detect the excess trafﬁc or you can conﬁgure the switch to store a message in the system log when the trafﬁc on the port exceeds the threshold value. This message in the system log conveys that some trafﬁc to the switch is dropped.

Other features 79

When the volume of either packet type is high, placing severe strain on the network (often referred to as a "storm"), you can set the forwarding rate of those packet types to not exceed a speciﬁed percentage of the total available bandwidth. The pps (Packets Per Second) value you set is a small amount of the maximum value of pps for the maximum available bandwidth that is 262143 pps.

All Rate Limiting conﬁguration settings are applied across the entire unit. You cannot set some ports in the unit to limit broadcast trafﬁc with a value of X pps and some other ports in the same to limit multicast trafﬁc with a value of Y pps.

Other features

RFCs

For more information about networking concepts, protocols, and topologies, consult the following RFCs:

•

RFC 1213 (MIB-II)

ATTENTION

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series

Overview — System Conﬁguration

NN47215-500 (323162-B) 02.02 Standard

4.1 19 November 2007

80 System conﬁguration software features

•

RFC 1493 (Bridge MIB)

•

RFC 1573 (Interface MIB)

•

RFC 1643 (Ethernet MIB)

•

RFC 1757 (RMON)

•

RFC 1271 (RMON)

•

RFC 1157 (SNMP)

Standards

The following IEEE Standards also contain information germane to the Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series:

• IEEE 802.1D (Standard for Spanning Tree Protocol)

•

IEEE 802.3 (Ethernet)

•

IEEE 802.1Q (VLAN Tagging)

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series

Overview — System Conﬁguration

NN47215-500 (323162-B) 02.02 Standard

4.1 19 November 2007

CLI Basics

You can manage the Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series with the following management tools:

•

Device Manager (GUI)

•

Web-based management system

•

Command Line Interface (CLI)

The Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series Command Line Interface (CLI) is a management tool that provides methods for conﬁguring, managing, and monitoring the operational functions of the switch. You can access CLI through a console terminal directly connected to the switch Console port, remotely through a dial-up modem connection, in-band through a Telnet session. For a complete, alphabetical list of CLI commands, see Appendix

"Command List" (page 353).

You can use the CLI interactively, or you can load and execute CLI "scripts." CLI scripts are loaded in one of the following ways:

•

Entering the configure network command

•

Manually loading the script in the console menu

•

Automatically loading the script at boot-up

This chapter contains information about the following CLI topics:

•

"CLI command modes" (page 82)

•

"Port numbering" (page 85)

•

"Accessing CLI" (page 86)

•

"Setting the system username and password" (page 87)

•

"Getting help" (page 87)

•

"Basic navigation" (page 87)

•

"Managing basic system information" (page 96)

• "Managing MAC address forwarding database table" (page 98)

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series

Overview — System Conﬁguration

NN47215-500 (323162-B) 02.02 Standard

4.1 19 November 2007

82 CLI Basics

CLI command modes

Most CLI commands are available only under a certain command mode. The Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series has the following four command modes:

• User EXEC

•

Privileged EXEC

•

Global Conﬁguration

•

Interface Conﬁguration

The User EXEC mode is the default mode; it is also referred to as exec. This command mode is the initial mode of access on powering-up the Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series. In this command mode, the user can access only a subset of the total CLI commands; however, the commands in this mode are available while the user is in any of the other four modes. The commands in this mode are those you would generally need, such

ping and logout.

as Commands in the Privileged EXEC mode are available to all other modes

but the User EXEC mode. The commands in this mode allow you to perform basic switch-level management tasks, such as downloading the software image, setting passwords, and booting the Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series. The Privileged EXEC mode is also referred to as privExec mode.

The Global Conﬁguration mode and the Interface Conﬁguration mode allow you to change the conﬁguration of the Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series. Changes made in these command modes are immediately applied to the switch conﬁguration and saved to NVRAM.

The Global Conﬁguration commands allow you to set and display general conﬁgurations for the switch, such as the IP address, SNMP parameters, the Telnet access, and VLANs. The Global Conﬁguration mode is also referred to as conﬁg mode.

The Interface Conﬁguration commands allow you to conﬁgure parameters for each port, such as speed and duplex mode. The Interface Conﬁguration mode is also referred to as conﬁg-if mode.

Figure 23 "CLI command mode hierarchy" (page 83) provides an illustration

of the hierarchy of Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series CLI command modes.

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series

Overview — System Conﬁguration

NN47215-500 (323162-B) 02.02 Standard

4.1 19 November 2007

Figure 23 CLI command mode hierarchy

CLI command modes 83

You can see a speciﬁc value for each command mode at the prompt line, and you can use speciﬁc commands to enter or exit each command mode (Table 9 "Command mode prompts and entrance/exit commands" (page

83)). Additionally, you can only enter command modes from speciﬁc modes

and only exit to speciﬁc command modes.

Table 9 "Command mode prompts and entrance/exit commands" (page

83) describes the command mode prompts and entrance/exit commands.

Table 9 Command mode prompts and entrance/exit commands

Command mode

User EXEC (exec)

Sample Prompt for the Ethernet Switch 2500

2500T>

Enter/exit command

Default mode, automatically enter

logout or exit to quit to Main Menu

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series

Overview — System Conﬁguration

NN47215-500 (323162-B) 02.02 Standard

4.1 19 November 2007

84 CLI Basics

Command mode

Privileged EXEC (privExec)

Global Configuration (config)

Interface Configuration (config-if)

Sample Prompt for the Ethernet Switch 2500

2500T#

2500T(config)#

2500T(config-if)# interface FastEthern

Enter/exit command

enable to enter from User EXEC mode

logout or exit to quit to Main Menu

configure to enter from Privileged EXEC mode

end or exit to exit to Privileged EXEC mode;

logout to quit to Main Menu

et {<portnum>|all}

to enter from Global Configuration mode

logout to quittoMain Menu; end to exit to Privileged

EXEC mode; exit to exit to Global Configuration mode

The prompt displays the switch name, and the current CLI command mode. For example:

•

User EXEC--2500T>

• Privileged EXEC--2500T#

•

Global Conﬁguration--2500T(config)#

•

Interface Conﬁguration--2500T(config-if)#

See Appendix "Command List" (page 353) for a complete, alphabetical list of all CLI commands and where they are explained.

The initial command mode in CLI depends on your access level when you logged into the Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series:

•

With no password protection, you can enter the CLI in userExec mode, and use the enable command to move to the privExec command mode.

• If you have logged into the CLI with read-only access, you enter the CLI in userExec mode and cannot access any other CLI command modes.

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series

Overview — System Conﬁguration

NN47215-500 (323162-B) 02.02 Standard

4.1 19 November 2007

•

Port numbering

The port numbering for different versions of Ethernet switches are listed as follows:

•

The CLI uses the variable <portlist> when a command speciﬁes one or more ports for the command.

Port numbering 85

If you have logged into the CLI with read-write access, you enter the CLI in privExec mode and use the commands to move to the other command modes.

Ethernet Routing Switch 2526 has 24 10/100 Mb/s ports on the front, as well as two combo ports, which includes two GBIC or two copper ports at 10/100/1000Mbps. The switch also provides two 1000 Mb/s ports on the rear panel.

Ethernet Routing Switch 2550 has 48 10/100 ports on the front, as well as two combo ports, which includes two GBIC or two copper ports at 10/100/1000Mbps. The switch also provides two 1000 Mb/s ports on the rear panel.

Port numbering in Standalone Mode

In a Standalone Mode, the port number variable is an integer between 1 and 52 for Ethernet Routing Switch 2550 and 1 to 28 for Ethernet Routing Switch

2526. You can use the <portlist> variable in the following formats:

•

A single port number— a integer between 1 and 52. — Example: 7 means port 7

•

A range of port numbers— a pair of port numbers between 1 and 52 separated by a dash.

— Example: 1-3 means ports 1, 2, and 3 — Example: 5-24 means all ports from port 5 through port 24

•

A list of port numbers and/or port ranges, separated by commas. — Example: 1,3,7 means ports 1, 3, and 7 — Example: 1-3,9-11 means ports 1, 2, 3, 9, 10, and 11 — Example: 1,3-5,9-11,15 means ports 1, 3, 4, 5, 9, 10, 11, and 15

•

none means no ports.

•

all means all the ports on the standalone Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series, including any GBIC ports.

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series

Overview — System Conﬁguration

NN47215-500 (323162-B) 02.02 Standard

4.1 19 November 2007

86 CLI Basics

You can also use the unit/port convention with a standalone Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series as long as the unit number is 1.

Accessing CLI

You access the CLI using Telnet or through a direct connection to the switch from a terminal or personal computer (PC). You can use any terminal or PC with a terminal emulator as the CLI command station. Make sure that the terminal has the following features:

•

9600 bits per second (b/s), 8 data bits, 1 stop bit, no parity, no ﬂow control

Serial terminal-emulation program such as Terminal or Hyperterm for Windows* 95, Windows 98, Windows 2000, Windows XP or Windows NT*

Cable and connector to match the male DTE connector (DB-9) on the Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series Console port, with the DCE/DTE switch on the switch management module set to DTE

VT100 Arrows checked in the Terminal Preferences window under Terminal Options, and Block Cursor unchecked; VT-100/ANSI checked under Emulation

To access CLI, use the following procedure:

Step Action 1

When you access the Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series, the following banner appears.

Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series banner

Press Ctrl+Y, and the CLI prompt appears.

2500>

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series

Overview — System Conﬁguration

NN47215-500 (323162-B) 02.02 Standard

4.1 19 November 2007

The > sign at the end of the name of the switch indicates that the default CLI mode is User EXEC mode. See "CLI command modes"

(page 82), to select the command mode you want to use (and are

authorized to use).

—End—

Setting the system username and password

You can set usernames and passwords for system access through the CLI, Telnet, and web-based management. For the standard software image, the default password for user RO is "user" and for user RW is "secure". For the secure software image, the default password for RO is "userpasswd" and for RW is "securepasswd". For more information, see

Routing Switch 2500 Series Security — Conﬁguration and Management (NN47215-505).

Getting help

When you navigate through the CLI, online Help is available at all levels. Entering a portion of the command, space, and a question mark (?) at the prompt results in a list of all options for that command.

Basic navigation 87

Nortel Ethernet

See "help command" (page 89) for more information about speciﬁc types of Help.

Basic navigation

This section discusses basic navigation around the CLI and between the command modes. As you see, the CLI incorporates various shortcut commands and keystrokes to simplify its use. This section contains information about the following topics:

• "General navigation commands" (page 88)

•

"Keystroke navigation" (page 88)

•

"help command" (page 89)

•

"no command" (page 90)

•

"default command" (page 90)

•

"logout command" (page 90)

•

"enable command" (page 91)

•

"conﬁgure command" (page 91)

•

"interface command" (page 91)

•

"disable command" (page 92)

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series

Overview — System Conﬁguration

NN47215-500 (323162-B) 02.02 Standard

4.1 19 November 2007

88 CLI Basics

General navigation commands

•

"end command" (page 92)

•

"exit command" (page 92)

•

"reload command" (page 93)

•

"shutdown command" (page 94)

When you enter "?" at any point in the CLI session, the system retrieves help information for whatever portion of the command you entered thus far. See "help command" (page 89) for more information.

The system records the last command in a CLI session. However, the last command is not saved across reboots.

Add the word no to the beginning of most CLI conﬁguration commands to clear or remove the parameters of the actual command. For example, when you enter the command ip address 192.32.154.126, you set the IP address. However, when you enter no ip address, the system returns the IP address to zero. See Appendix "Command List" (page 353) for an alphabetical list of no commands.

Add the word default to the beginning of most CLI conﬁguration commands to set the parameters of the command to the factory default values. See Appendix "Command List" (page 353) for an alphabetical list of default commands.

When you enter a portion of the command and press the [Tab] key, the system ﬁnds the ﬁrst unambiguous match of a command and displays that command. For example, if you enter down+[Tab], the system displays download.

Keystroke navigation

You can change the location of the cursor using the key combinations shown in the following table.

Table 10 Keystroke navigation

Key combination Function Ctrl+A Ctrl+B Ctrl+C Ctrl+D

Start of line Back 1 character Abort command Delete the character indicated by the cursor

Ctrl+E

End of line

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series

Overview — System Conﬁguration

NN47215-500 (323162-B) 02.02 Standard

4.1 19 November 2007

Key combination Function

Basic navigation 89

Ctrl+F Ctrl+H Tab Ctrl+K and Ctrl+R Ctrl+N or Down arrow Ctrl+P or Up arrow Ctrl+T Ctrl+U Ctrl+W Ctrl+X Ctrl+z

Forward 1 character Delete character left of cursor (Backspace key) Command/parameter completion Redisplay line Next history command Previous history command Transpose characters Delete entire line Delete word left of cursor Delete all characters to left of cursor Exit Global Configuration mode (to Privileged EXEC

mode)

? Esc+C and Esc+U Esc+l Esc+B Esc+D

Context-sensitive help Capitalize character at cursor Change character at cursor to lowercase Move back 1 word Delete 1 word to the right

Esc+F Move 1 word forward

help command

The help command is in all command modes and displays a brief message about using the CLI help system. The syntax for the help command is:

help

The help command is executed in the Privileged EXEC command mode. The help command has no parameters or variables.

Figure 24 "help command output" (page 90) shows the output from the

help command.

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series

Overview — System Conﬁguration

NN47215-500 (323162-B) 02.02 Standard

4.1 19 November 2007

90 CLI Basics

no command

Figure 24 help command output

The no command is always used as a preﬁx to a conﬁguration command, and it negates the action performed by that command. The effect of the no command is to remove or to clear the conﬁguration controlled by the speciﬁed command. Various no commands are in the conﬁg and conﬁg-if command modes.

See Appendix "Command List" (page 353) for an alphabetical listing of all no commands.

Not all conﬁguration commands support the no preﬁx command.

default command

The default command is always used as a preﬁx to a conﬁguration command, and it restores the conﬁguration parameters to default values. The default values are speciﬁed by each command.

See Appendix A for an alphabetical listing of all default commands.

Not all commands support the default preﬁx command.

logout command

The logout command logs you out of the CLI session. The syntax for the logout command is:

ATTENTION

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series

Overview — System Conﬁguration

NN47215-500 (323162-B) 02.02 Standard

4.1 19 November 2007

logout

The logout command is in all command modes. The logout command has no parameters or variables.

enable command

The enable command changes the command mode from User EXEC to Privileged Exec mode. The syntax for the enable command is:

enable

The enable command is executed in the User Exec command mode. The enable command has no parameters or variables.

conﬁgure command

The configure command moves you to the Global Conﬁguration (conﬁg) command mode and identiﬁes the source for the conﬁguration commands. The syntax for the configure command is:

Basic navigation 91

configure {terminal|network}

The configure command is executed in the Privileged EXEC command mode.

Table 11 "conﬁgure command parameters and variables" (page

91) describes the parameters and variables for the conﬁgure command.

Table 11 conﬁgure command parameters and variables

Parameters and variables

terminal | network

interface command

The interface command moves you to the Interface Conﬁguration (conﬁg-if) command mode. The syntax for the interface command is:

Description

Specifies the source for the configuration commands for the Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series:

terminal—a you to enter Global Configuration command mode to enter configuration commands network—lets you set up parameters for auto-loading a script at boot-up or for loading and executing a script immediately

interface FastEthernet <portlist>

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series

Overview — System Conﬁguration

NN47215-500 (323162-B) 02.02 Standard

4.1 19 November 2007

92 CLI Basics

The interface command is executed in the Global Conﬁguration command mode.

Table 12 "interface command parameters and variables" (page 92) describes

the parameters and variables for the interface command.

Table 12 interface command parameters and variables

Parameters and variables

<portlist> Specifies the portlist you want to be affected by all the

disable command

The disable command returns you to the User EXEC (exec) command mode. The syntax for the disable command is:

disable

The disable command is executed in the Privileged EXEC command mode.

The disable command has no parameters or variables.

end command

The end command moves you to the priv Exec mode from either the Global Conﬁguration (conﬁg) mode or the Interface Conﬁguration (conﬁg-if) mode.

The syntax for the end command is:

end

Description

commands issued in the config-if command mode.

The end command has no parameters or variables.

exit command

The exit command moves you around the command modes:

•

In User EXEC (exec) and Privileged EXEC (privExec) command modes, exit lets you quit the CLI session.

•

In Global Conﬁguration (conﬁg) mode, exit moves you back to the privExec command mode.

• In Interface Conﬁguration (conﬁg-if) command mode, exit moves you back to the Global Conﬁguration command mode.

The syntax for the exit command is:

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series

Overview — System Conﬁguration

NN47215-500 (323162-B) 02.02 Standard

4.1 19 November 2007

exit

The exit command has no parameters or variables.

reload command

The reload command provides you with a conﬁguration rollback mechanism to prevent loss of connectivity to a switch, typically for remote conﬁgurations. The reload command lets you temporarily disable the autosave feature for a speciﬁed time period (1 to 60 minutes), allowing you to make a number of conﬁguration changes on remote switches without affecting the current saved conﬁguration.

During the interval in which the autosave feature is disabled by the reload command, you must use the copy config nvram, write memory,or save config command to force a manual save of your conﬁgurations.

Once the reload timer expires, the switch reloads the last saved conﬁguration. To abort the switch reload before the timer expires, you must enter the reload cancel command.

The reload command provides you with a safeguard against any misconﬁgurations when you perform dynamic conﬁguration changes on a remote switch.

Basic navigation 93

The following example describes how you can use the reload command to prevent connectivity loss to a remote switch.

Step Action 1

Enter the CLI command reload force 30. This instructs the switch to reboot in 30 minutes, loading the conﬁguration from NVRAM.

During this 30-minute period, autosave of the conﬁguration to NVRAM is disabled.

Execute dynamic switch conﬁguration commands, which take effect immediately. These conﬁgurations are not saved to NVRAM.

If the conﬁgurations cause no problems and switch connectivity is maintained, you can perform the following:

Save the current running conﬁguration using the copy config nvram, write memory, or save config command.

Since the new conﬁguration is working properly, cancel the reload using the reload cancel command.

—End—

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series

Overview — System Conﬁguration

NN47215-500 (323162-B) 02.02 Standard

4.1 19 November 2007

94 CLI Basics

If you make an error when performing conﬁgurations in Step 2 that results in the loss of switch connectivity (for example, an error in the IP address mask, MLT conﬁguration, or VLAN trunking), the reload command provides you with a safeguard: when the reload timer expires, the switch reboots to the last saved conﬁguration, and connectivity is re-established. Therefore, you do not have to travel to the remote site to reconﬁgure the switch.

Initiate the reload command before you start the switch conﬁguration commands. Once you initiate the command in the CLI, the following message appears:

Reload (y/n) ?

Enter yes at this prompt to set the switch reload. The following warning message then appears:

Warning the switch has been set to reload in <xx> minutes. Current configuration has NOT been saved. Configuration must be explicitly saved.

Once the reload timer expires, the switch resets, reloads the last saved conﬁguration, and re-enables the autosave feature.

The syntax for the reload command is:

reload [force] [minutes-to-wait <1-60>] [cancel]

describes the parameters and variables for the interface command.

Table 13 reload command parameters and variables

Parameters and variables

force Instructs the switch to skip the reload confirmation prompt. minutes-to-wait

<1-60>] cancel Aborts all scheduled switch reloads

The reload command is executed in the Privileged EXEC command mode.

shutdown command

The shutdown command lets you safely shut down and power off the switch. Once the shutdown command is initiated, the switch saves the current conﬁguration and instructs users to power off the switch within the speciﬁed time period (1 to 60 minutes); otherwise, the switch performs a reset.

Description

Specifies the number of minutes that pass before the switch reloads itself. The default wait time is set at 10 minutes.

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series

Overview — System Conﬁguration

NN47215-500 (323162-B) 02.02 Standard

4.1 19 November 2007

Basic navigation 95

When the shutdown command is initiated in the CLI, the following message appears:

Shutdown (y/n) ?

Enter y at this prompt to shut down the switch. The following warning message then appears:

Warning the switch/stack has been set to reboot in <xx> minutes. Current configuration has been saved, no further configuration changes can be saved until reboot occurs or ’shutdown cancel’ command is issued.

The syntax for shutdown command is:

shutdown [force] [minutes-to-wait <1-60>] [cancel]

Once the shutdown command is initiated, all existing and subsequent Console Interface sessions display the following message:

Stack will reset in <xxxx> seconds.

While existing CLI sessions do not receive a warning message, all subsequent CLI sessions display the following message:

The shutdown process is in progress. It is safe to poweroff the stack. Configuration changes will not be saved. Shutdown has blocked the flash. Autoreset in <xxxx> seconds.

ATTENTION

You can disable switch ports that are trunk members, if you choose to disable them one by one. If you choose to disable all ports of the unit or stack, the changes cannot have effect on the ports belonging to MLTs.

Neither web-based management nor Device Manager receive any shutdown warning messages.

Table 14 "shutdown command parameters and variables" (page

95) describes the parameters and variables for the shutdown command.

Table 14 shutdown command parameters and variables

Parameters and variables

Description

cancel Aborts all scheduled switch shutdowns

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series

Overview — System Conﬁguration

NN47215-500 (323162-B) 02.02 Standard

4.1 19 November 2007

96 CLI Basics

Parameters and variables

force Instructs the switch to skip the shutdown confirmation

minutes-to-wait <1-80>

Any conﬁgurations or login performed on the switch after the shutdown command is initiated are not saved to NVRAM and are lost after the reset.

Description

prompt. Specifies the number of minutes that pass before the

switch resets itself. The default wait time is set at 10 minutes.

The shutdown command is executed in the Privileged EXEC command mode.

Managing basic system information

This section shows you how to view basic system information such as the current software version. This section contains information about the following topics:

• "show sys-info command" (page 96)

ATTENTION

•

"show tech command" (page 97)

show sys-info command

The show sys-info command displays the current system characteristics. The syntax for the show sys-info command is:

show sys-info

The show sys-info command is executed in the Privileged EXEC command mode.

The show sys-info command has no parameters or variables.

Figure 25 "show sys-info command output" (page 97) displays sample

output from the show sys-info command.

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series

Overview — System Conﬁguration

NN47215-500 (323162-B) 02.02 Standard

4.1 19 November 2007

Figure 25 show sys-info command output

To change the system contact, name, or location, see the snmp-server command (see Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series Security — Conﬁguration and Management (NN47215-505)).

show tech command

The show tech command displays detailed system information. The syntax for the show tech command is:

Managing basic system information 97

show tech

The show tech command is executed in the Privileged EXEC command mode. The show tech command has no parameters or variables.

Figure 26 "show tech command output" (page 97) displays a sample output

from the show tech command.

Figure 26 show tech command output

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series

Overview — System Conﬁguration

NN47215-500 (323162-B) 02.02 Standard

4.1 19 November 2007

98 CLI Basics

Managing MAC address forwarding database table

This section describes the commands to view the contents of the MAC address forwarding database table, as well as setting the age-out time for the addresses. The following topics are covered:

• "show mac-address-table command" (page 98)

•

"mac-address-table aging-time command" (page 99)

•

"default mac-address-table aging-time command" (page 99)

show mac-address-table command

The show mac-address-table command displays the current contents of the MAC address forwarding database table. The syntax for the show

mac-address-table command is:

show mac-address-table [vid <1-4094>] [aging-time] [port <LINE>][address <H.H.H> {include | exclude <pattern>}]

The show mac-address-table command is executed in the Privileged EXEC command mode.

Table 15 "show mac-address-table command parameters and variables" (page 98) describes the parameters and variables for the show

mac-address-table command.

Table 15 show mac-address-table command parameters and variables

Parameters and variables

vid <1-4094> Enter the number of the VLAN you want to display the

aging-time Displays the time in seconds after which an unused

port <LINE> List of ports. address <H.H.H> Displays a specific MAC address if it exists in the

include | exclude

Description

forwarding database. Default is to display the management VLAN’s database.

entry is removed from the forwarding database.

database. Enter the MAC address you want displayed. Lets you filter the results of the command by printing

only those entries in the address table that include or exclude a given pattern. The value for <pattern> must be a sequence of 1 to 6 bytes in hex, separated by dashes.

for example: show mac-address-table port

1/1-5 address include 00-0E-45-23

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series

Overview — System Conﬁguration

NN47215-500 (323162-B) 02.02 Standard

4.1 19 November 2007

Managing MAC address forwarding database table 99

Figure 27 "show mac-address-table command output" (page 99) displays

sample output from the show mac-address-table command.

Figure 27 show mac-address-table command output

mac-address-table aging-time command

The mac-address-table aging-time command sets the time that the switch retains unseen MAC addresses. The syntax for the

mac-address-table aging-time command is:

mac-address-table aging-time <time>

The mac-address-table aging-time command is executed in the Global Conﬁguraion command mode.

Table 16 "mac-address-table aging-time command parameters and variables" (page 99) describes the parameters and variables for the

mac-address-table aging-time command.

Table 16 mac-address-table aging-time command parameters and variables

Parameters and variables

time Enter the aging time in seconds that you want for MAC

Description

addresses before they are flushed.

default mac-address-table aging-time command

The default mac-address-table aging-time command sets the time that the switch retains unseen MAC addresses to 300 seconds. The syntax for the default mac-address-table aging-time command is:

default mac-address aging-time

The default mac-address-table aging-time command is executed in the Global Conﬁguration command mode.

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series

Overview — System Conﬁguration

NN47215-500 (323162-B) 02.02 Standard

4.1 19 November 2007

100 CLI Basics

The default mac-address-table aging-time command has no parameters or variables.

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series

Overview — System Conﬁguration

NN47215-500 (323162-B) 02.02 Standard

4.1 19 November 2007

Nortel Networks 2500 User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Contents

New in this release

Features

Other changes

Introduction

Before you begin

Text conventions

Related publications

How to get help

Getting help from the Nortel web site

Getting help through a Nortel distributor or reseller

Getting help over the phone from a Nortel Solutions Center

Getting help from a specialist by using an Express Routing Code

Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series hardware

Hardware components of the Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series

Front panel

Figure 1 Ethernet Routing Switch 2550T-PWR

Figure 2 Ethernet Routing Switch 2526T front panel

Figure 3 Ethernet Routing Switch 2550T front panel

Figure 4 Ethernet Routing Switch 2526T-PWR front panel

Figure 5 Ethernet Routing Switch 2550T-PWR front panel

Table 1 Components on the Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 front panel

Figure 6 LED display panel

Table 2 Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series LED descriptions

Back panel

Figure 7 Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series back panel

Table 3 Components on the Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series back panel

Figure 8 Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series used as a desktop switch

Figure 9 Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series used as a workgroup switch

Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 2500 Series stacking

Stacking capabilities

Stacking functionality delivery

Stack enabled switches

Table 5 show license command parameters

Figure 11 show license all command output

Figure 12 License Download page

rear-ports mode command

Table 7 rear-ports mode command

show rear-ports mode command

Figure 13 show rear-ports mode command output

Rear ports and stacking

Figure 14 Rear panel components

Initial stack installation

Stack MAC address

Temporary base unit

Redundant cascade stacking

Removing a stack unit

Adding/Replacing a stack unit

Auto Unit Replacement

AUR function

Figure 15 CFG mirror process in stack

Figure 16 CFG mirror images in the stack after adding unit 4

Figure 17 CFG mirror images after removing unit 4

Figure 18 CFG mirror images in the stack after removing the BU (unit 1)

Figure 19 CFG mirror images in the stack after adding unit 5

Switch management features

Console port settings

Switch banner

Figure 20 Login banner

User name and password

Logging in

Figure 21 Login screen

Autosave feature

Using SNTP

Using DNS to ping and Telnet

Choosing a BootP request mode

Flash memory storage

Requirements

Autotopology

Link Layer Discovery Protocol (IEEE 802.1ab)

Figure 22 How LLDP works

Ethernet port management features

Autosensing and autonegotiation

Custom Autonegotiation Advertisements

Other features

RFCs