Nortel Networks 10396EA, 10292FA User Manual

Part No. 212257-B January 2002

4401 Great America Parkway Santa Clara, CA 95054

Installation and Networking Guidelines for Optical Routing

recommendations in this document are believed to be accurate and reliable, but are presented without express or implied warranty. Users must take full responsibility for their applications of any products specified in this document. The information in this document is proprieta ry to Nortel Networ ks Inc.

T rade mark s

Nortel Networks, the Nortel Networks logo, and th e Glo bemark are trademarks of Nortel Networks. Adobe and Acrobat Reader are trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated.

Statement of con ditions

In the interest of improving internal design, operational function, and/or reliability, Nortel Networks Inc. reserves the right to make changes to the products described in this document without notice.

Nortel Networks Inc. does not assume any liability that may occur d ue t o t he use or application of the product ( s) or circuit layout(s) described herein.

USA requirements only

Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Compliance Notice: Radio Frequency Notice

Note: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy. If it is not installed and used in accordance with the instructio n manual , it may cause harm ful inte rferen ce to radio communications. Op erati on o f th is e quip men t in a resid en tial area is likely to cause harm ful interference, in which case users will be required to take whatever measures may be necessary to correct the interference at their own expense.

European requirements only

EN 55 022 statement

This is to certify that the Nortel Networks optical routing system is shielded against the generation of radio interference in accordance with the application of Council Directive 89/336/EEC, Article 4a. Conformity is declared by the application of EN 55 022 Class A (CISPR 22).

Warning: This is a Class A product. In a domestic environment, this product may cause radio interferen ce, in whic h case, the user may be required to take appropriate measures.

Achtung: Dieses ist ein Gerät der Funkstörgrenzwertklasse A. In Wohnbereichen können bei Betrieb dieses Gerätes Rundfunkstörungen auftreten, in welchen Fällen der Benutzer für entsprechende Gegenmaßnahmen verantwortlich ist.

Attention: Ceci est un produit de Classe A. Dans un environnement domesti que, ce produit risque de créer des interférences radioélectriques, il appartiendra alors à l’utilisateur de prendre les mesures spécifiques appropriées.

EC Declaration of Conformity

These product conforms to the provisions of the R&TTE Directive 1999/5/EC.

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Japan/Nippon requirements only

Voluntary Control Council for Interference (VCCI) statement

Taiwan requirements

Bureau of Standards, Metrology and Inspection (BSMI) Statement

Canada requirements only

Canadian Department of Communications Radio Interference Regulations

This digital apparatus doe s not exceed the Class A limits for radio-nois e emissions from digital apparatus as set out in the Radio Interference Regulations of the Canadian Department of Communications.

Règlement sur le brouillage radioélectrique du ministère des Communications

Cet appareil numérique respecte les limites de bruits radioélectriques visant les appareils numériques de classe A prescrites dans le Règlement sur le brouillage radioélectrique du ministère des Communications du Canada.

Canadian Department of Communications Radio Interference Regulations

This digital apparatus does not exceed the Class B limits for radio-noise emissions from digital apparatus as set out in the Radio Interference Regulations of the Canadian Department of Communications.

Règlement sur le brouillage radioélectrique du ministère des Communications

Cet appareil numérique respecte les limites de bruits radioélectriques visant les appareils numériques de classe B prescrites dans le Règlement sur le brouillage radioélectrique du ministère des Communications du Canada.

Installation and Networking Guidelines for Optical Routing

Warning: Fiber optic equipment can emit laser or infrared light that can injure your eyes. Never look into

an optical fiber or connector port. Always assume that fiber optic cables are connected to a ligh t so urce.

Warning: Vorsicht: Glasfaserkomponenten können Laserlicht bzw. Infrarotlicht abstrahlen, wodurch

Ihre Augen geschädigt werden können. Schauen Sie niemals in einen Glasfaser-LWL oder ein Anschlußteil. Gehen Sie stets davon aus, daß das Glasfaserkabel an eine Lichtquelle angeschlossen ist.

Warning: Avertissement: L’équipement à fibre optique peut ém ettre des rayons laser ou i nf rarouges

qui risquent d’entraîner des lésions oculaires. Ne jamais regarder dans le port d’un connecteur ou d’un câble à fibre optique. Toujours supposer que les câb les à fibre optique sont raccordés à une source lumineuse.

Warning: Advertencia: Los equipos de fibra óptica pueden emitir radi acione s de lá ser o in frarrojas que

pueden dañar los ojo s . No mire nunca en el interior de una fibra óptica ni de un puerto de conexi ón. Suponga siempre que los cables de fibra óptica están conectados a una fuente lumi nosa.

Warning: Avvertenza: Le apparecchiature a fibre o ttiche e metto n o ragg i la ser o in frarossi c he po sson o

risultare dannosi per gli occhi. Non guardare mai direttamente le fibre ottiche o le porte di collegamento. Tenere in considerazione il fatto che i cavi a fibre ottiche sono collegati a una sorgente luminosa.

Nortel Networks Inc. software license agreement

NOTICE: Please carefully read this license agreement before copying or using the accompanying software or installing

the hardware unit with pre-enabled software (each of which is referred to as “Software” in this Agreement). BY COPYING OR USING THE SOFTWARE, YOU ACCEPT ALL OF THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF THIS LICENSE AGREEMENT. THE TERMS EXPRESSED IN THIS AGREEMENT ARE THE ONLY TERMS UNDER WHICH NORTEL NETWORKS WILL PERMIT YOU TO USE THE SOFTWARE. If you do not accept these terms and conditions, return the product, unused and in the original shipping container, within 30 days of purchase to obtain a credit for the full purchase price.

1. License grant. Nortel Networks Inc. (“Nortel Networks”) grants the end user of the Software (“Licensee”) a personal, nonexclusive, nontransferable license: a) to use the Software either on a single computer or, if applicable, on a single authorized device identified by host ID, for which it was originally acquired; b) to copy the Software solely for backup purposes in support of authorized use of the Software; and c) to use and copy th e associated user manual solely in support of authorized use of the Software by Licensee. This license applies to the Software only and does not extend to Nortel Networks Agent software or other Nortel Networks software products. Nortel Networks Agent software or other Nortel Networks software products are licensed for use under the terms of the applicable Nortel Networks Inc. Software License Agreement that accompanies such software and upon payment by the end user of the applicable license fees for such software.

2. Restrictions on use; reservation of rights. The Software and user manuals are prot ected under copyright laws. Nortel Networks and/or its licensors retain all title and ownership in both the Software and user manuals, including any revisions made by Nortel Networks or its licensors. The copyright notice must be reproduced and inclu ded with any copy of any portion of the Software or user manuals. Licensee may not modify, translate, decompile, disassemble, use for any competitive analysis, reverse engineer, distribute, or create derivative works from the Software or user manuals or any copy, in whole or in part. Except as expressly provided in this Agreement, Licensee may not copy or transfer the Software or user manuals, in whole or in part. The Software and user manuals embody Nort el Networks’ and its licensors’ confidential and proprietary intellectual property. Licensee shall not sublicense, assign, or otherwise disclose

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to any third party the Software, or any information about the operat ion, design, performance, or implementation of the Software and user manuals that is confidential to Nortel Networks and its licensors; however, Licensee may grant

permission to its consultants, subcontractors, and agents to use the Software at Licensee’s facility, provided they have agreed to use the Software only in accordance with the terms of this license.

3. Limited warranty. Nortel Networks warrants each item of Software, as del ivered by Nortel Networks and prop erly installed and operated on Nortel Networks hardware or other equipment it is originally licensed for, to function substantially as described i n i ts accompanying user manual during i ts warranty period, which begins on the date Software is first shipped to Licensee. If any item of Software fails to so function during its warranty period, as the sole remedy Nortel Networks will at its discretion provide a suitable fix, patch, or workaround for the problem that may be included in a future Software release. Nortel Networks further warrants to Licensee that the media on which the Software is provided will be free from defects in materials and workmanship under normal use for a period of 90 days from the date Software is first shipped to Licensee. Nortel Networks will replace defective media at no charge if it is returned to Nortel Netwo rks du ring the warranty perio d alon g with p roof of the da te of shi pment. This warr anty do es no t apply if the media has been damaged as a result of accident, misuse, or abuse. The Licensee assumes all responsibility for selection of the Software to achieve Licensee’s intended results and for the installation, use, and results obtained from the Software. Nortel Networks does not warrant a) that the functions contained in the software will meet the Licensee’s requirements, b) that the Software will operate in the hardware or software combinations that the Licensee may select, c) that the operatio n of the Software will be un int err up te d or error free, or d) that all defects in the operation of the Software will be corrected. Nortel Networks is not obligated to remedy any Software defect that cannot be reproduced with the latest Software release. These warranties do not apply to the Software if it has been (i) altered, except by Nortel Networks or in acco rdance with its instructio ns; (ii) use d in conjun ction with anothe r vendo r’s product, resulting in the defect; or (iii) damaged by improper environment, abuse, misuse, accident, or negligence. THE FOREGOING WARRANTIES AND LIMITATIONS ARE EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES AND ARE IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION ANY WARRANTY OF MERCHANT ABILIT Y OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Licensee is responsible for the security of its own data and information a nd for maintaini ng adeq uate pro cedures apart from the Software to re cons truct lost or altered files, data, or programs.

4. Limitation of liability. IN NO EVENT WILL NORTEL NETWORKS OR ITS LICENSORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY COST OF SUBSTITUTE PROCUREMENT; SPECIAL, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES; OR ANY DAMAGES RESULTING FROM INACCURATE OR LOST DATA OR LOSS OF USE OR PROFITS ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE PERFORMANCE OF THE SOFTWARE, EVEN IF NORTEL NETWORKS HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE LIABILITY OF NORTEL NETWORKS RELATING TO THE SOFTWARE OR THIS AGREEMENT EXCEED THE PRICE PAID TO NORTEL NETWORKS FOR THE SOFTWARE LICENSE.

5. Government licensees. This provision applies to all So ftware an d do cumenta tion ac quired direc tly or i ndirect ly by or on behalf of the United States Gov ernment. The Software and documenta tion are commercial products, l icensed on the open market at market prices, and were developed entirely at private expense and without the use of any U.S. Government funds. The license to the U.S. Government is granted only with restricted rights, and use, duplication, or disclosure by the U.S. Government is subject to the restrictions set forth in subparagraph (c)(1) of the Commercial Computer Software––Restricted Rights clause of FAR 52.227-19 and the limitations set out in this license for civilian agencies, and subparagraph (c)(1)(ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause of DFARS

252.227-7013, for agencies of t he Department of Defense or their successors, whichever is applicable.

6. Use of software in the European Community. This provision applies to all Software acquired for use within the European Community. If Licensee uses the Software within a country in the European Community, the Software Directive enacted by the Council of Europ ean Communit ies Directive dated 14 May , 19 91, will apply to th e examinati on of the Software to facilitate interoperability. Licensee agrees to notify Nortel Networks of any such intended examination of the Soft war e and may procure support and assistance from Nortel Networks.

7. Term and termination. This license is effective until terminated; however, all of the restrictions with respect to Nortel Networks’ copyright in the Software and user manuals will cease being effective at the date of expiration of the Nortel Networks copyright; those re strictions relatin g to use and disclosure o f Nortel Networks’ co nfidential information shall continue in effect. Licensee may terminate this license at any time. The license will automatically terminate if

Installation and Networking Guidelines for Optical Routing

Licensee fails to comply with any of the terms and conditions of the license. Upon termination for any reason, Licensee will immediately destroy or return to Nort el Networks the Software, u ser manuals, and all copies. Nort el Networks is not liable to Licensee for damages in any form solely by reason of the termination of this license.

8. Export and re-export. Licensee agrees not to export, directly or indirectly, the Software or related technical data o r information without first obtaining any required export licenses or other governmental approvals. Without limiting the foregoing, Licensee, on behalf of itself a nd its subsidiaries and af filiates, agree s that it will not, without first ob taining all export licenses and approvals required by the U.S. Government : (i) export, re-export, transfer, or divert any such Software or technical data, or any direct product thereof, to any country to which such exports or re-exports are restricted or embargoed under United States export control laws and regulations, or to any national or resident of such restricted or embargoed coun tries; or (ii) provide the Software or related tech nic al data or in form atio n to an y m ilit ary end user or for any military end use, including the design, development, or production of any chemical, nuclear, or biological weapons.

9. General. If any provision of this Agreement is held to be invalid or unenforceable by a court of competent jurisdiction, the remainder of the prov isions of this Agree ment shall remain in full force and ef fect. Th is Agreement will be governed by the laws of the state of California.

Should you have any questions concerning this Agreement, contact Nortel Networks Inc., 2375 N. Glenville Dr., Richardson, TX 75082.

LICENSEE ACKNOWLEDGES THAT LICENSEE HAS READ THIS AGREEMENT, UNDERSTANDS IT, AND AGREES TO BE BOUND BY ITS TERMS AND CONDITIONS. LICENSEE FURTHER AGREES THAT THIS AGREEMENT IS THE ENTIRE AND EXCLUSIVE AGREEMENT BETWEEN NORTEL NETWORKS AND LICENSEE, WHICH SUPERSEDES ALL PRIOR ORAL AND WRITTEN AGREEMENTS AND COMMUNICATIONS BETWEEN THE PARTIES PERTAINING TO THE SUBJECT MATTER OF THIS AGREEMENT. NO DIFFERENT OR ADDITIONAL TERMS WILL BE ENFORCEABLE AGAINST NORTEL NETWORKS UNLESS NORTEL NETWORKS GIVES ITS EXPRESS WRITTEN CONSENT, INCLUDING AN EXPRESS WAIVER OF THE TERMS OF THIS AGREEMENT.

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Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Before you begin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Hard-copy technical manuals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

How to get help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Chapter 1

Describing the optical routing system. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Parts of the optical routing system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Gigabit interface converter description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18

Optical add drop multiplexer description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Network add/drop ring application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20

Optical multiplexer/demultiplexer description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21

CWDM OMUX-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22

CWDM OMUX-8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22

CWDM OMUX in a point-to-point application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

CWDM OMUX in a ring application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24

Chapter 2

Calculating transmission distance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

About transmission distance and optical link budget . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27

How to calculate expected loss budget . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

How to calculate maximum transmission distance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Assumptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28

Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29

Point-to-point transmission distance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Mesh ring transmission distance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30

Hub and spoke transmission distance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Installation and Networking Guidelines for Optical Routing

8 Contents

Chapter 3

Installing the shelf, OADM, and OMUX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Preparing for installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35

Installing the shelf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Inserting a CWDM OADM or a CWDM OMUX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38

Cabling a CWDM OADM or a CWDM OMUX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Removing a CWDM OADM or a CWDM OMUX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

Appendix A

CWDM OADM specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

Appendix B

CWDM OMUX specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Exceeding class 1 power level warning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Environmental and physical requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Electrostatic discharge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Cabling a CWDM OADM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39

Cabling a four-channel CWDM OMUX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41

Cabling an eight-channel CWDM OMUX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

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Appendix C

Handling and cleaning fiber optic equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

Tools and Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50

Cleaning Fiber Optic Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

Cleaning Single SC and FC Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

Cleaning Duplex SC Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52

Cleaning Receptacle or Duplex Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

Figures

Figure 1 Wavelength division multiplexing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Figure 2 CWDM GBIC transceiver and label . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19

Figure 3 CWDM OADM network and equipment side connections . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Figure 4 CWDM OADM Front Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20

Figure 5 CWDM OADM ring configuration example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21

Figure 6 Four-channel CWDM OMUX front panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Figure 7 CWDM OMUX-4 network and equipment side connections . . . . . . . . . .22

Figure 8 CWDM OMUX-8 network and equipment side connections . . . . . . . . . .23

Figure 9 CWDM OMUX point-to-point configuration example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Figure 10 CWDM OMUX ring configuration example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25

Figure 11 Point-to-point network configuration example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Figure 12 Mesh ring network configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Figure 13 Hub and spoke network configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Figure 14 Class 1M laser warning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Figure 15 Shelf with plug-in module in 19-inch rack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Figure 16 Cabling a CWDM OADM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

Figure 17 Cabling a CWDM OMUX-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41

Figure 18 Cabling an CWDM OMUX-8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43

Installation and Networking Guidelines for Optical Routing

10 Figures

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Tables

Table 1 Parts of the optical routing system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Table 2 Assumptions used in calculating maximum transmission distance . . . . .28

Table 3 Point-to-point signal loss values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30

Table 4 Point-to-point maximum transmission distance calculations . . . . . . . . . . 30

Table 5 Mesh ring signal loss values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Table 6 Mesh ring maximum transmission distance calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . .32

Table 7 Hub and spoke signal loss values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34

Table 8 Hub and spoke maximum transmission distance calculations . . . . . . . . .34

Table 9 CWDM OADM specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45

Table 10 CWDM OMUX specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47

Installation and Networking Guidelines for Optical Routing

12 Tables

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Preface

Nortel Networks* optical routing system supports high-speed data

communications in metropolitan area networks (MANs) by:

• Connecting Gigabit Ethernet ports with fiber optic networks.

• Combining multiple wavelengths on a single fiber to expand available bandwidth.

The system components include:

Component Function

CWDM Gigabit interface converters (GBICs)

Passive optical multiplexing devices

Passive optical shelf Houses the multiplexers.

Convert signals in a switch to laser light for connection to a fiber optic network.

Combine laser light signals received from GBICs onto a single fiber for transport to the destination. Separates the wavelengths at the destination and routes them onto different fibers which terminate on separate GBICs.

This book contains the following topics:

• “Describing the optical routing system” on page 17

• “Calculating transmission distance” on page 27

• “Installing the shelf, OADM, and OMUX” on page 35

• “CWDM OADM specifications” on page 45

• “CWDM OMUX specifications” on page 47

• “Handling and cleaning fiber optic equipment” on page 49

Installation and Networking Guidelines for Optical Routing

14 Preface

Before you begin

This guide is intended for network administrators who have the following background:

• Basic knowledge of networks, and network hardware

• Familiarity with networking concepts and terminology

• Familiarity with Ethernet network administration and Fiber Channel networking

Hard-copy technical manuals

You can print selected technical manuals and release notes free, directly from the Internet. Go to the www.nortelnetworks.com/documentation URL. Find the product for which you n eed documentation. Then locat e the specific categor y an d model or version for your hardware or software product. Use Adobe* Acrobat Reader* to open the manuals and release notes, search for the sections you need, and print them on most standard printers. Go to Adobe Systems at the

www.adobe.com URL to download a free copy of the Adobe Acrobat Reader.

212257-B

You can purchase selected documentation sets, CDs, and technical publications through the Internet at the www1.fatbrain.com/documentation/nortel/ URL.

How to get help

If you purchased a service contract for your Nortel Networks product from a distributor or authorized reseller, contact the technical support staff for that distributor or reseller for assistance.

If you purchased a Nortel Networks service program, cont act one of the fol lowing Nortel Networks Technical Solutions Centers:

Technical Solutions Center Telephone

Europe, Middle East, and Africa (33) (4) 92-966-968 North America (800) 4NORTEL or (800) 466-7835 Asia Pacific (61) (2) 9927-8800 China (800) 810-5000

Additional information about the Nortel Networks Technical Solutions Centers is available from the www.nortelnetworks.com/help/contact/global URL.

Preface 15

An Express Routing Code (E RC) i s av ail ab le f or ma ny Nor te l Ne twor ks p roducts and services. When you use an ERC, your call is routed to a technical support person who specialize s in suppor ting tha t product or service. To locate an ERC for your product or service, go to the http://www130.nortelnetworks.com/cgi-bin/

eserv/common/essContactUs.jsp URL.

Installation and Networking Guidelines for Optical Routing

16 Preface

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Chapter 1 Describing the optical routing system

Nortel Networks* optical routing system uses coarse wavelength division multiplexing (CWDM) in a grid of eight optical wavelengths. CWDM Gigabit Interface Converters (GBICs) in the switch transmit optical signals from Gigabit Ethernet por ts to multiplexers in a passive optical shelf. Multiplexer s combine multiple wavelengths traveling on different fibers onto a single fiber (Figure 1). At the receiver end of the l ink, demul tipl exers separ ate th e wavele ngths a gain a nd route them onto dif fere nt fibe rs which t erminate on separa te CWDM GBICs a t the destination. The system supports both ring and point-to-point configurations.

Figure 1 Wavelength division multiplexing

signal

Multiplexer

Single Fiber

Demultiplexer

= Wavelength

This chapter includes the fo llowing topic s:

• “Parts of the optical routing system” next

• “Gigabit interface converter description” on page 18

• “Optical add drop multiplexer description” on page 19

• “Optical multiplexer/demultiplexer description” on page 21

signal

10539EA

Installation and Networking Guidelines for Optical Routing

18 Chapter 1 Describing the optical routing system

Parts of the optical routing system

The optical routing system includes the following parts:

• Gigabit in terface converters (CWDM GBICs)

• Optical add/drop multiplexers (CWDM OADMs)

• Optical multiplexer/demultiplexers (CWDM OMUXs)

• Optical shelf to house the multiplexers

Table 1 shows the parts of the opti cal r outing syste m, and th e color matchi ng used

to distinguish the eight wavelengths.

Table 1 Parts of the optical routing system

Wavelength (longwave) Color code

1470 nm Gray AA1419017 AA1402002 AA1402010 AA1402001 1490 nm Violet AA1419018 AA1402003 AA1402009 1510 nm Blue AA1419019 AA1402004 1530 nm Green AA1419020 AA1402005 AA1402009 1550 nm Yellow AA1419021 AA1402006 1570 nm Orange AA1419022 AA1402007 AA1402009 1590 nm Red AA1419023 AA1402008 1610 nm Brown AA1419024 AA1402011 AA1402009

GBIC part number

Multiplexer part number

Optical shelf part numberOADM OMUX-4 OMUX-8

Gigabit interface converter description

Nortel Networks* coarse wavelength division multiplexed Gigabit Interface Converters (Figure 2) convert signals in a switch to laser light for connection to a fiber optic network. A CWDM GBIC t ransmit s and rec eives optica l sig nals a t one of eight specific wavelengths.

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Nortel CWDM GBICs use Avalanche Photodiode (APD) technology to improve transmission distance and optical link budget.

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Chapter 1 Describing the optical routing system 19

Figure 2 CWDM GBIC transceiver and label

Wavelength color code

Model number

Serial number

Wavelength

For more information about CWDM GBICs, including specifications, see Installing CWDM Gigabit Interface Converters, part number 212256-B.

Optical add drop multiplexer description

The passive CWDM optical add drop multiplexer (CWDM OADM) sends and receives signals to/from CWDM GBICs installed in the switch. It is set to a specific wavelength that matches the wavelength of the CWDM GBIC. It adds or drops this specific wavelength from the optical fiber and allows all other wavelengths to pass straight through. The Nortel Networks CWDM OADM supports two separate fiber pathways traveling in opposite directions (east and west) so that the network remains viable even if the fiber is broken at one point on the ring.

Bar code Interface type Fiber mode

10396EA

Figure 3 shows the single wavelength CWDM OADM network and equipment

side connections.

Installation and Networking Guidelines for Optical Routing

20 Chapter 1 Describing the optical routing system

RX TX

To Network

To CWDM GBIC

Single-wavelength OADM

TXRX

Equipment side

TXRX

To CWDM GBIC

To Network

The CWDM OADM (Figure 4) is installed in a 19-inch, rack-mounted 1RU optical shelf (Figure 15).

Figure 4 CWDM OADM Front Panel

Figure 3 CWDM OADM network and equipment side connections

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For information about installing a CWDM OADM, see “Inserting a CWDM

OADM or a CWDM OMUX” on page 38. For specifications, see “CWDM OADM specifications” on page 45.

Network add/drop ring application

The CWDM OADM pulls off a specific wavelength from an optical ring and passes it to a CWDM GBIC of the same wavelength in the switch, leaving all other wavelengths on the ring undisturbed. CWDM OADMs are set to one of eight supported wavelengths (Table 1).

Note: The wavelength of the CWDM OADM and the corresponding CWDM GBIC must match (see Table 1).

Chapter 1 Describing the optical routing system 21

Figure 5 shows an example of two separate fiber paths in a ring configuration

traveling in opposite or east/west directions into the network.

Figure 5 CWDM OADM ring configuration example

OFFICE

BUILDING B

OFFICE

BUILDING C

CARRIER

HOTEL SITE

PP 8600

OMUXOMUX

PP 8600

OADM

PP 8600

OFFICE

BUILDING A

OADM

For information on calculating network transmission distance, see Chapter2,

“Calculat ing transmis sion distance,” on page 27.

Optical multiplexer/demultiplexer description

The passive CWDM OMUX sends and receives signals to/from CWDM GBIC transceivers installed in the switch. It multiplexes and demultiplexes four or eight CWDM wavelengths from a two-fiber (east and west) circuit. It allows you to create uni-directional network traffic rings or point-to-point links.

The CWDM OMUX (Figure 6) is installed in a 19-inch, rack-mounted 1RU optical shelf (Figure 15).

Installation and Networking Guidelines for Optical Routing

22 Chapter 1 Describing the optical routing system

Figure 6 Four-channel CWDM OMUX front pane l

Connectors with color-coded labels (Table 1) simplify connection to color-coded CWDM GBICs in the switch.

CWDM OMUX-4

Figure 7 shows the CWDM OMUX-4 version, with four CWDM GBIC

equipment side connections.

Figure 7 CWDM OMUX-4 network and equipm ent si de co nnec ti ons

To Network

To Equipment side CWDM GBICs

CWDM OMUX-8

Figure 8 shows the CWDM OMUX-8 version, with eight CWDM GBIC

equipment side connections.

CWDM OMUX-4

RX TX RX TX RX TX RX TX

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Chapter 1 Describing the optical routing system 23

Figure 8 CWDM OMUX-8 network and equipm ent si de co nnec ti ons

CWDM OMUX-8

To Network

RX TX

RX TX RX TX RX TX RX TX RX TX RX TX RX TX

To Equipment side CWDM GBICs

For information about installing a CWDM OMUX, see “Inserting a CWDM

OADM or a CWDM OMUX” on page 38. For specifications, see “CWDM OMUX specifications” on page 47.

CWDM OMUX in a point-to-point application

Point-to-Point (PTP) optical networks carry data directly between two end points without branching out to other points or nodes. PTP connections (Figure 9) are made between mux/demuxs at e ach en d. PTP connections transport many gigabi ts of data from one location to another, such as linking two data centers to become one virtual site, mirroring two sites for disaster recovery, or providing a large amount of bandwidth between two buildings. The key advantage of a PTP topology is the abili ty to deli ver maxi mum bandwi dth ove r a minimum amou nt of fiber.

Each CWDM OMUX supports one network backbone connection and four or eight connections to CWDM GBICs in the switch. Typically, two CWDM OMUXs are installed in a chassis. The CWDM OMUX on the left is called the east path and the CWDM OMUX on the right is called the west path.

Installation and Networking Guidelines for Optical Routing

24 Chapter 1 Describing the optical routing system

Figure 9

CWDM OMUX point-to-point configuration example

CARRIER HOTEL SITE A

PP 8600

PP 8600 PP 8600 PP 8600

OMUXOMUX

For information about calculating network transmission distance, see Chapter 2,

“Calculat ing transmis sion distance,” on page 27.

CWDM OMUX in a ring application

CARRIER

HOTEL SITE B

OMUX OMUX

10325EA

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CWDM OMUXs are also used as the hub site in CWDM OMUX-based ring applications (Figure 10). Two CWDM OMUXs are installed in the opt ical shelf at the central site to cr eat e an ea st and a wes t fi ber path. The CWDM OMUX on the left is typica lly c alle d the e ast p ath and th e o ne on t he ri ght is ca lled the wes t path . This way the east CWDM OMUX terminates all the traffic from the east equipment port of each OADM on the ring and the west CWDM OMUX terminates all of the traffic from the west equipment port of each OADM on the ring. In this configuration the network remains viable even if the fiber is broken at any point on the ring.

Chapter 1 Describing the optical routing system 25

Figure 10 CWDM OMUX ring configuration example

OFFICE

BUILDING B

OFFICE

BUILDING C

CARRIER

HOTEL SITE

PP 8600

OMUXOMUX

PP 8600

OADM

PP 8600

OFFICE

BUILDING A

OADM

For information about calculating network transmission distance, see Chapter 2,

“Calculat ing transmis sion distance,” on page 27.

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Installation and Networking Guidelines for Optical Routing

26 Chapter 1 Describing the optical routing system

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Chapter 2 Calculating transmission distance

This chapter will help you de termine the maximum transmis sion dista nce for your CWDM network configuration.

This chapter includes the following topics:

• “About transmission distance and optical link budget” next

• “Point-to-point transmission distance” on page 29

• “Mesh ring transmission distance” on page 30

• “Hub and spoke transmission distance” on page 33

About transmission distance and optical link budget

By calculating the optical link budget, you can determine a link’s transmission distance, or the amount of usable signal strength between the point where it originates and the point where it terminates. The loss budget, or optical link budget, is the amount of optical power launched into a system that is expected to be lost through various mechanisms acting on the system, such as the absorption of light by molecules in an optical fiber. Factors that affect transmission distance include:

• fiber optic cable attenuation (typically 0.25 dB - 0.3 dB per kilometer)

• network devices the signal passes through

• connectors

• repair margin (us er-de termined)

Note: In serti on los s budget values fo r the op tical ro uting s ystem CWDM OADM and CWDM OMUX include connector loss.

Installation and Networking Guidelines for Optical Routing

28 Chapter 2 Calculating transmission distance

How to calculate expected loss budget

To calculate the expected loss budget for a proposed network configuration:

1 Identify all points where signal strength will be lost. 2 Calculate the expected loss for each point. 3 Add the expected losses together.

How to calculate maximum transmission distance

The examples in this chapter use the following assumptions and procedure for calculating the maximum transmission distances for networks with CWDM GBICs, CWDM OADMs, and CWDM OMUXs.

Assumptions

The examples assume use of the values and information listed in Table 2.

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Table 2 Assumptions used in calculating maximum transmission distance

Item Assumption

Cable Single mode fiber optic cable (SMF) Repair margin 0 Maximum link budget 30 dB System margin 3 dB (allowance for misc. network loss) Fiber attenuation .25 dB per kilometer Operating temperature 0 - 40°C (32 - 104°F) CWDM OADM expected loss

CWDM OMUX expected loss

1 Use your organization’s expected repair margin for percentage of the total fiber plant loss for each

site-to-site fiber span. 2 From spec ifications in 3 Multiplexer loss values include connector loss.

Installing CWDM Gigabit Interface Converters,

Use of “CWDM OADM specifications” on page 45

Use of “CWDM OMUX specifications” on page 47

part number 212256-B

Chapter 2 Calculating transmission distance 29

Procedure

To calculate the maximum transmission distance for a proposed network configuration:

1 Identify all points where signal strength will be lost. 2 Calculate the expected loss for each point. 3 Find total passive loss by adding the expected losses together. 4 Find remaining signal s trength b y subtrac ting passi ve loss, and sy stem mar gin

from total system budget.

5 Find maximum transmission distance by dividing remaining signal strength

by expected fiber attenuation/km.

Point-to-point transmission distance

The following factors affect signal strength, and determine point-to-point link budget and maximum transmission distance for the network in Figure 11:

• CWDM OMUX mux loss

• CWDM OMUX demux loss

• Fiber attenuation

The Ethernet switch host does not have to be near the CWDM OMUX, and the CWDM OMUX does not regenerate signal. Therefore, maximum transmission distance is from GBIC to GBIC.

Figure 11 Point-to-point network configuration example

Transmission Distance

(GBIC to GBIC)

OMUX-8

GBICGBIC

Installation and Networking Guidelines for Optical Routing

30 Chapter 2 Calculating transmission distance

Table 3 shows typical loss values that can be used to calculate the transmissio n

distance for the point-to-point network in Figure 11.

Table 3 Point-to-point signal loss values

Signal loss element value (dB)

Loss budget 30 dB CWDM OMUX-8 mux loss 3.5 dB CWDM OMUX-8 demux loss 4.5 dB System margin 3 dB Fiber attenuation .25 dB per km

Table 4 shows calculations us ed to determine maximum transm is sio n di st ance for

the point-to-point network example in Figure 11.

Table 4 Point-to-point maximum transmission distance calculations

Result Calculation

Passive loss Implied fiber loss

Maximum transmission distance

mux loss demux loss+ loss budget passive loss system margin–– implied fiber loss attenuation per kilometer

Transmission distance calculation for the point-to-point network example in

Figure 11:

3.5 dB 4.5 dB 8.0 dB Passive Loss=+

•

30 dB 8 dB – 3 dB– 19 dB Implied Fiber Loss=

•

19 dB .25 dB 76 km Maximum Transmission Distance=÷

•

Mesh ring transmission distance

The transmission dis tance ca lculation for the mesh ring configur ation i n Figur e 12 is similar to that of the point-to-point configuration with some additional loss generated in the passthrough of intermediate CWDM OADM nodes.

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Chapter 2 Calculating transmission distance 31

As it passes from point A to point B (the most remote points in the mesh ring network example in Figure 12), the signal is expected to lose strength in the fiber optic cable, and in each connection between the individual CWDM OADMs and CWDM GBICs.

The following factors determine mesh ring link budget and transmission distance for the network in Figure 12:

• CWDM OADM insertion add loss

• CWDM OADM insertion drop loss

• Passthrough insertion loss at intermediate nodes

• Fiber attenuation of 0.25 dB per kilometer

The Ethernet switch host does not have to be near the CWDM OADM, and the CWDM OADM does not regenerate signal. Therefore, maximum transmission distance is from GBIC to GBIC.

The number of OADMs supported is based on loss budget calculations.

Figure 12 Mesh ring network configuration

Transmission Distance

(GBIC to GBIC)

OADM OADM

OADM

A B

OADM

Installation and Networking Guidelines for Optical Routing

OADM

GBICGBIC

32 Chapter 2 Calculating transmission distance

Table 5 shows typical loss values that can be used to calculate the transmissio n

distance for the mesh ring network example in Figure 12.

Table 5 Mesh ring signal loss values

Signal loss element value

Loss budget 30 dB CWDM OADM insertion add loss 1.9 dB CWDM OADM insertion passthrough loss 2.0 dB CWDM OADM insertion drop loss 2.3 dB System margin 3 dB Fiber attenuation .25 dB per km

Table 6 shows the calculations use d to dete rmine maxi mum transmi ssion d istan ce

for the mesh ring network example in Figure 12.

Table 6 Mesh ring maximum transmission distance calculations

Result Calculation

Passthrough nodes Passive loss Implied fiber loss

Maximum transmission distance

nodes 2– OADM add OADM drop passthrough nodes OADM passthrough loss

loss budget passive loss system margin–– implied fiber loss attenuation per kilometer

Transmission distance calculation for the mesh ring network example in

Figure 12:

8 nodes 2 6 Passthrough nodes=–

•

1.9 dB 2.3 dB 6 nodes 2.0 dB×()16.2 dB Passive Loss=++

•

30 dB 16.2 dB – 3 dB– 10.8 dB Implied Fiber Loss=

•

10.8 dB .25 dB 43.2 km Maximum Transmission Distance=÷

•

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×()

Chapter 2 Calculating transmission distance 33

Hub and spoke transmission distance

Hub and Spoke topologies are the most complex. The characteristics of all components designed into the network must be considered in calculating transmission distance. The following factors determine maximum transmission distance for the hub and spoke configuration in Figure 13:

• CWDM OADM insertion add loss

• CWDM OADM insertion drop loss

• Passthrough insertion loss for intermediate nodes

• Fiber attenuation of 0.25 per kilometer

The Ethernet switch host does not have to be near the CWDM OADM, and the CWDM OADM does not regenerate signal. Therefore, maximum transmission distance is from GBIC to GBIC.

As the signal in Figure 13 passes from point A to point B (the most re m ote poin ts in the hub and s poke), it is e xpecte d to los e str ength in t he fiber opti c cabl e, and in each connection between the indi vi dua l CWDM OADMs, the CWDM OMUX-8, and the CWDM GBICs. The number of OADMs that can be supp orted is based on the loss budget calculations.

Figure 13 Hub and spoke network configuration

Transmission Distance

(GBIC to GBIC)

OADM

GBIC

Installation and Networking Guidelines for Optical Routing

OADM

OMUX-8

OADM

GBIC

7 Passthrough nodes

34 Chapter 2 Calculating transmission distance

Table 7 shows typical loss values that can be used to calculate the transmissio n

distance for the hub and spoke network in Figure 13.

Table 7 Hub and spoke signal loss values

Signal loss element value

Loss budget 30 dB CWDM OADM insertion add los s 1.9 dB CWDM OADM passthrough los s 2.0 dB CWDM OMUX8 demux loss 4.5 dB System margin 3 dB Fiber attenuation .25 dB per km

Table 8 shows the calculations use d to dete rmine maxi mum transmi ssion d istan ce

for the hub and spoke network in Figure 13.

Table 8 Hub and spoke maximum transmission distance calculations

Result Calculation

Passthrough nodes Passive loss Implied fiber loss

Maximum transmi ssion distance

the number of OADMs between add OADM and OMUX

OADM add OMUX8 demux passthrough node s OADM passthrough loss×()++

loss budget passive loss system margin–– implied fiber loss attenuation per kilometer

Transmission distance calculation for the hub and spoke network example in

Figure 13:

•

1.9 dB 4.5 dB+ 7 2.0×()20.4 dB Passive Loss=+

•

30 dB 20.4 dB – 3 dB– 6.6 dB Implied Fiber Loss=

•

6.6 dB .25 dB 26.4 km Maximum Transmission Distance=÷

•

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Chapter 3 Installing the shelf, OADM, and OMUX

The shelf and multiplexers are passive equipment and require no power or electronic This chapter describes how to install optical routing components, and includes the following topics.

• “Preparing for installation” next

• “Installing the shelf” on page 37

• “Inserting a CWDM OADM or a CWDM OMUX” on page 38

• “Removing a CWDM OADM or a CWDM OMUX” on page 44

• “Cabling a CWDM OADM or a CWDM OMUX” on page 39

Preparing for installation

Before installing the optical routing system, observe the following:

• “Exceeding class 1 power level warning” next

• “Environmental and physical requirements” on page 36

• “Electrostatic discharge” on page 36

• “Handling and cleaning fiber optic equipment” on page 49

Exceeding class 1 power level warning

Muxing together several CWDM GBICs can produce a radiant power level in the fiber which exceeds the class 1 laser Limit. The warning in Figure 14 appears on the CWDM OMUX.

Installation and Networking Guidelines for Optical Routing

36 Chapter 3 Installing the shelf, OADM, and OMUX

Figure 14 Class 1M laser warning

LASER RADIATION

DO NOT VIEW DIRECTLY WITH OPTICAL

INSTRUMENTS (MAGNIFIERS)

CLASS 1M LASER PRODUCT

TOTAL RADIANT POWER LEVEL 30 MILLIWATTS

WAVELENGTH RANGE 1450 TO 1650 NM

Warning: Never look directly at the output of a fiber which contains muxed CWDM GBICs, especially with a magnifier. Fiber optic equipment can emit laser light that can injure your eyes.

Environmental and physical requirements

The optical routing system is mounted in an optical shelf with connections at the front of the modu le. For user acces s to thes e connect ions, a mi nimum of 36 i nch es (90 cm) of clearance is required. Keep the area as dust-free as possible.

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Caution: To minimize contamination, keep protective caps on all fiber optic connectors when not in use. For more information about handling fiber optic cables, see “Handling and cleaning fiber optic equipment” on

page 49.

Electrostatic discharge

To prevent equipment damage, observe the following electrostatic discharge (ESD) precautions when handling or installing the components.

• Ground yourself and the equipment to an earth or building ground. Use a

grounded workbench mat (or foam that dissipates static charge) and a grounding wrist strap. The wrist strap should touch the skin and be grounded through a one megohm resistor.

• Do not touch anyone who is not grounded.

• Leave all components in their ESD-safe packaging until installation, and use

only a static-shielding bag for all storage, transport, and handling.

• Clear the area of synthetic materials such as polyester, plastic, vinyl, or

styrofoam because these materials carry static electricity that damages the equipment.

Installing the shelf

To install the optical shelf (Figure 15) in a standard 19-inch equipment rack:

1 Support the chassis so that all of the mounting holes in the optical shelf are

aligned with the corresponding holes in the rack.

2 Attach two rack mounting bolts to each side of the rack. 3 Tighten all of the bolts in rotation.

Chapter 3 Installing the shelf, OADM, and OMUX 37

Installation and Networking Guidelines for Optical Routing

38 Chapter 3 Installing the shelf, OADM, and OMUX

Figure 15 Shelf with plug-in module in 19-inch rack

Fail Pass

Optical shelf

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Inserting a CWDM OADM or a CWDM OMUX

CWDM OADMs and CWDM OMUXs are passive devices that require no power for their operation. You can insert them in the optical shelf (Figure 15) and then connect them into your network.

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Chapter 3 Installing the shelf, OADM, and OMUX 39

To insert a CWDM OADM or a CWDM OMUX in the optical shelf:

1 Align the plug-in module with the optical shelf. 2 Gently push the plug-in module into the shelf cavity. 3 Tighten the captive screws.

The module is installed. To cable equipment and network connections, see

“Cabling a CWDM OADM or a CWDM OMUX” on page 39.

Cabling a CWDM OADM or a CWDM OMUX

This section includes the following cabling procedures:

• “Cabling a CWDM OADM” next

• “Cabling a four-channel CWDM OMUX” on page 41

• “Cabling an eight-channel CWDM OMUX” on page 42

Before you attach fiber optic cable to an optical routing device, review the following:

• “Handling and cleaning fiber optic equipment” on page 49

• Table 1, Parts of the optical routing system

Cabling a CWDM OADM

This section describes how to cable the following:

• CWDM GBIC to CWDM OADM (Figure 16)

• CWDM OADM to network backbone interfaces (Figure16)

To connect the CWDM OADM plug-in module:

1 Make sure you have the correct CWDM GBIC for your network confi guration

by matching the color of th e CWDM GBIC label to the co lor of t he conne ctor label on the OADM (see Table 1 on page 18).

Installation and Networking Guidelines for Optical Routing

40 Chapter 3 Installing the shelf, OADM, and OMUX

2 Insert the wavelength-specific CWDM GBICs into their respective network

device(s). To install a CWDM GBIC, see I nstal ling CWDM Gigabit Interf ace Converters, part number 212256-B.

3 Clean all fiber optic connectors on the cabling (see “Handling and cleaning

fiber optic equipment” on page 49).

4 Connect the fiber optic cables from the CWDM GBIC transmit (TX) and

receive (RX) connectors to the OADM Equipment RX and TX equipment connectors (Figure 16).

5 Make the following network backbone connections (Figure 16):

• Connect the west network backbone fiber optic cable to the OADM west connector.

• Connect the east backbone fiber optic cable to the OADM east connector (Figure 16)

Figure 16 Cabling a CWDM OADM

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OADM-1-49

1490nm

NETWORK

RX RX

EQUIPMENT

WEST

TXTX

EQUIPMENT

NETWORK

EAST

10332EA

Chapter 3 Installing the shelf, OADM, and OMUX 41

Cabling a four-channel CWDM OMUX

This section describes how to cable the following:

• CWDM GBIC to a CWDM OMUX-4 (Figure 17)

• CWDM OMUX-4 to west and east network backbone interfaces (Figure 17)

To connect fiber optic cables to a CWDM OMUX-4:

1 Insert the wavelength-specific CWDM GBICs into their respective network

device(s). To install a CWDM GBIC, see I nstal ling CWDM Gigabit Interf ace Converters, part number 212256-B.

2 Clean all fiber optic connectors on the cabling (see “Handling and cleaning

fiber optic equipment” on page 49).

3 Connect the fiber optic cables from the CWDM GBIC TX and RX to the

CWDM OMUX-4 Equipment RX and TX equipment connectors (Figure 17).

Figure 17 Cabling a CWDM OMUX-4

TX TX TXTX

NETWORK

1490

MUX/

DEMUX-4

RX RX RX RX

1530

TX TX TX TXTX

NETWORK

1610

1570

DEMUX-4

MUX/

1490

RX RX RX RX RX

1530

1610

1570

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Installation and Networking Guidelines for Optical Routing

42 Chapter 3 Installing the shelf, OADM, and OMUX

Note: The CWDM GBIC wavelength must match the CWDM OMUX-4

equipment connector wavelength. The TX of one device must always connect to the RX of the next device.

4 Make the following network backbone connections (Figure 17):

• Connect the network backbone east fiber optic cables to the east (left) CWDM OMUX-4.

• Connect the network backbone west fiber optic cables to the west (right) CWDM OMUX-4.

Cabling an eight-channel CWDM OMUX

This section describes how to cable the following:

• CWDM GBIC to a CWDM OMUX-8 (Figure 18)

• CWDM OMUX-8 to network backbone interfaces (Figure 18)

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Note: The CWDM OMUX-8 located on the left side of the chassis terminates the eas t n etwo rk backbone connection. The CWDM OMUX-8 on the right side of the chassis terminates the west network backbone connection. See Figure 18.

To connect a CWDM OMUX-8:

1 Install the CWDM GBICs (wavelength specific) into the network device(s).

To install a CWDM GBIC, see Installing CWDM Gigabit Interface Converters, part number 212256-B.

2 Clean all fiber optic connectors on the cabling (see “Handling and cleaning

fiber optic equipment” on page 49).

3 Connect the fiber optic cabl es from the CWDM GBIC TX and RX connectors

to the CWDM OMUX-8 RX and TX connectors (Figure 18).

Note: The wavelength of the CWDM GBIC must match the wavelength of the CWDM OMUX-8 equipment connector.

Chapter 3 Installing the shelf, OADM, and OMUX 43

4 Make the following network backbone connections (Figure 18):

• Connect the network backbone east fiber optic cables to the east (left) CWDM OMUX-8.

• Connect the network backbone west fiber optic cables to the west (right) CWDM OMUX-8.

Figure 18 Cabling an CWDM OMUX-8

DEMUX-8

NETWORK

1470

MUX/

TXTX

1490

1510

1530

1550

1570

1590

1610

DEMUX-8

NETWORK

1470

MUX/

TXTX

1490

1510

1530

1550

1570

1590

1610

10328EA

Installation and Networking Guidelines for Optical Routing

44 Chapter 3 Installing the shelf, OADM, and OMUX

Removing a CWDM OADM or a CWDM OMUX

CWDM OADMs and CWDM OMUXs are passive devices that require no power for their operation. You can remove them from the optical shelf (Figure 15) after disconnecting them from your network.

To remove a CWDM OADM or a CWDM OMUX plug-in module from the optical shelf:

1 Disconnect the network cabling from the multiplexer. 2 Loosen the captive screws on both sides of the module. 3 To release the module, gently pull on both screws at the same time. 4 Slide the module out of the shelf

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Appendix A CWDM OADM specifications

Table 9 CWDM OADM sp ecifi catio ns

Item Specification

Physical Dimensions Plug-in Module Size

Connectors Network Side

Cabling SMF, 9 µm Environment Operating

Wavelength Usage Uni-directional

Typical insertion loss

Maximum insertion los s

Sigma TX Equipm e nt to RX Network (add)

Isolation TX Equipment to RX Ne two rk (add)

Passband Centerwavelength +/- 5nm Directivity < 55 dB Optical Wavelengths

Multiplexer loss val ues include connector lo ss .

†

There is a one nanometer offset between the stated wavelength for the CWDM GBI Cs and the CWDM OADMs due to a shift in the center wavelength of the CWDM G BIC as it reaches typical system operating tem per at ure.

Rack Mount

Equipment Side

Storage

TX Equipment to RX Network (add) RX Equipment to TX Network (dr op ) Passthrough (Network to Network)

TX Equipment to RX Network (add)

RX Equipment to TX Network (dr op ) Passthrough (Network to Network)

†

8.35” x 1.7" x 10.4" 1RU

2 dual SC/PC 2 dual SC/PC

0 to 60

40 to 85

1.2 dB

1.6 dB

1.5 dB

1.9 dB

2.3 dB

2.0 dB .35 dB

.35 dB .40 dB

> 25 dB > 50 dB > 28 dB

1471 nm 1491 nm 1511 nm 1531 nm 1551 nm 1571 nm 1591 nm 1611 nm

Installation and Networking Guidelines for Optical Routing

46 Appendix A CWDM OADM specifications

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Appendix B

CWDM OMUX specifications

Table 10 CWDM OMUX specifications

Item Specification

Physical Dimensions Plug-in Module Size

Rack Mount

Connectors Network Side

Equipment Side

8.35” x 1.75" x 8.7" 1RU

OMUX-4

1 dual SC/PC 4 dual SC/PC

OMUX-8

1 dual SC/PC 8 dual SC/PC

Cabling SMF, 9 µm

Environment Operating

Storage

Typical insertion loss

TX Equipment to RX Network (Mux) RX Equipment to TX Netwo rk (D e mux)

Maximum insertion los s

TX Equipment to RX Network (Mux) RX Equipment to TX Netwo rk (D e mux)

Sigma

TX Equipment to RX Network (Mux) RX Equipment to TX Netwo rk (D e mux)

Isolation Mux

Demux

40 to 85

OMUX-4

1.4 dB

2.4 dB

OMUX-4

2.2 dB

3.2 dB

OMUX-4

0.4 dB

OMUX-4

> 10 dB > 50 dB

0 to 60

OMUX-8

2.5 dB

3.5 dB

OMUX-8

3.5 dB

4.5 dB

OMUX-8

0.5 dB

OMUX-8

> 10 dB

> 50 dB Directivity < –55 dB Optical OMUX4 Wavelengths

†

OMUX-4

1491 nm 1531 nm 1571 nm 1611 nm

OMUX-8

1471 nm

1491 nm

1511 nm

1531 nm

1551 nm

1571 nm

1591 nm

1611 nm

Multiplexer loss val ues include connector lo ss .

†

There is a one nanometer offset between the stated wavelength for the CWDM GBICs and the CWDM OADMs due to a shift in the center wavelength of the CWDM G BIC as it reaches typical system operating tem per at ure.

Installation and Networking Guidelines for Optical Routing

48 Appendix B CWDM OMUX specifications

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Appendix C Handling and cleaning fiber optic equipment

Precautions

Danger: Do not loo k into t he end o f fiber optic cable. The light sour ce used in

fiber optic cables can damage your eyes.

Warning: To prevent damage to the glass fiber, make sure you know how to handle fiber optic cable correctly.

Warning: Do not crush fiber optic cable. If fiber optic cable is in the same tray or duct with large, heavy electrical cables, it can be damaged by the weight of the electrical cable.

Although the glass optical path of fiber optic cable is protected with reinforcing material and plastic insulation, it is subject to damage. Use the following precautions to avoid damaging the glass fiber.

• Do not kink, knot, or vigorously flex the cable.

• Do not bend the cable to less than a 40 mm (1.5-inch) radius.

• Do not stand on fiber optic cable; and keep the cable off the floor.

• Do not pull fiber optic cable any harder than you would a cable containing copper wire of comparable size.

• Do not allow a static load of more than a few pounds on any section of the cable.

• Place protective caps on fiber optic connectors that are not in use.

• Store unused fiber optic pat ch ca bles in a cabinet, on a cable rack, or f la t on a shelf.

Installation and Networking Guidelines for Optical Routing

50 Appendix C Handling and cleaning fiber optic equipment

Frequent overstressing of fiber optic cable causes progressive degeneration that leads to failure.

If you suspect damage to a fiber optic cable, either due to mishandling or an abnormally high erro r rate o bserved in one direct ion, reve rse th e cable pai rs. If th e high error rate appears in the other direction, replace the cable.

Tools and Materials

You need the following tools and materials to clean fiber optic connectors.

• Lint-free, non-abrasive wiping cloths

• Cotton swabs, with a tightly wrapped and talcum-free tip

• Optical-grade isopropyl alcohol (IPA)

• Canned compressed gas with extension tube

Warning: To prevent oil contamination of connectors, do not use commercial compressed air or house air in place of compressed gas.

Cleaning Fiber Optic Connectors

You mu st perform the following main tenance procedures to ensure that optica l fiber assemblies function properly. To prevent them from collecting dust, make sure connectors are covered when not in use.

This section cont ains t he fol lowing pr ocedure s for clean ing fiber opti c asse mbli es:

• “Cleaning Single SC and FC Connectors” next

• “Cleaning Duplex SC Connectors” on page 52

• “Cleaning Receptacle or Duplex Devices” on page 53

Danger: To avoid getting debris in your eyes, wear safety glasses when working with the canned air duster.

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Appendix C Handling and cleaning fiber optic equipment 51

Danger: To avoid eye irritation on contact, wear safety glasses when working with isopropyl alcohol.

Caution: To prevent further contamination, clean fiber optic equipment only when there is evidence of contamination.

Caution: To prevent contamination, make sure the optical ports of all active devices are covered with a dust cap or optical connector.

Caution: To avoid the transfer of oil or other contaminants from your fingers to the end face of the ferrule, handle connectors with care.

Before connecting them to transmission equipment, test equipment, patch panels, or other connectors, clean all fiber optic connectors. The performance of an optical fiber connector depends on how clean the connector and coupling are at the time of connection. Use the following cleaning procedures when analyzing fiber connector integrity.

If a connector performs poorly after cleaning, visually inspect the connector to determine the possib le cause of the pr obl em and to dete rmine if it need s re placi ng.

Cleaning Single SC and FC Connectors

To clean single SC and FC connectors:

1 Remove dust or debris by applying canned air to the cylindrical and end-face

surfaces of the connector.

2 Gently wipe the cylindrical and end-face surfaces with a pad or a wipe

dampened with optical-grade isopropyl alcohol.

3 Gently wipe the cylindrical and end-face surfaces with a dry, lint-free tissue.

Installation and Networking Guidelines for Optical Routing

52 Appendix C Handling and cleaning fiber optic equipment

4 Dry the connector surfaces by applying canned air or letting them air dry.

Caution: To prevent contamination, do not touch the connector surfaces

after cleaning; and cover them with dust caps if you are not going to use them right away.

Cleaning Duplex SC Connectors

To clean duplex connectors:

1 To remove or retract the shroud, do one of th e following.

• On removable shroud connectors, hold the shroud on the top and bottom

at the letter designation, apply medium pressure, and pull it free from the connector body. Do not discard the shroud.

• On retractable shro ud con nector s, hold th e shroud i n it s retr acted po siti on.

2 Remove dust or debris from the ferrules and connector face with the canned

air duster.

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3 Gently wipe the cylindrical and end-face surfaces of both ferrules using a

wipe saturated with optical-grade isopropyl alcohol.

4 Gently wipe the cylindrical and end-face surfaces of the connector with

Texwipe cloth (or dry lint-free tissue).

5 Blow dry the connector surfaces with canned air. 6 Using care to not touch the clean ferrules, gently push the shroud back onto

the connector until it seats and locks in place.

Appendix C Handling and cleaning fiber optic equipment 53

Cleaning Receptacle or Duplex Devices

Note: To avoid contaminatio n, optica l ports should o nly be cleaned when

there is evidence of contamination or reduced performance, or during their initial installation .

To clean receptacle or duplex devices:

Warning: To prevent oil contamination, do not use commercial compressed air.

Warning: Do not allow the tube to touch the bottom of the optical port.

1 Remove dust or debris by blowing canned air into the optical port of the

device using the canned air extension tube.

2 Clean the optical port by inserting a small dry swab into the receptacle and

rotating it.

Note: Each cleaning wand should only be used to clean one optical port.

3 Reconnect the optical connector and check for proper function.

If problems persist, repeat steps 1 and 2.

Installation and Networking Guidelines for Optical Routing

54 Appendix C Handling and cleaning fiber optic equipment

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Glossary

attenuation

The decrease in signal strength in an optical fiber caused by absorption and scattering. Attenuation can be calculated to express

• signal loss between two points

• total signal loss of a telecommunications system or segment

attenuator

A device inserted into the electrical or optical path to lessen or weaken the signal.

bandwidth

The range of frequencies within which a fiber-optic medium or terminal device can transmit data or information.

cable

One or more optical fibers enc losed within pr otective cov ering(s) and str ength members to provide mechanical and environmental protection for the optical fibers.

cable assembly

An optical-fiber cable with connectors installed on one or both ends. The general purpose of the cable assembly is to interconnect the cabling system with opto-electronic equipment at either end of the system. Cable assemblies with connectors on one end only are called pigtails. Assemblies with connectors on both ends are typically called jumpers or patch cords.

cable plant

The cable plant consists of all the optical elements such as fiber connectors and splices between a transmitter and a receiver.

Installation and Networking Guidelines for Optical Routing

56 Glossary

CD-ROM

compact disc read-only memory A compact disc with pre-recorded data, normally used in large database-type

applications such as directory, reference, or data retrieval.

channel

A communications path or the signal sent over that path. By multiplexing several channels, voice channels can be transmitted over one optical channel.

central office A major equipment center designed to serve the communication traffic of a

specific geographic al area.

configuration

The relative arrangements, options, or connection pattern of a system and its subcomponent parts and objects.

configure

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The process of defining an appropriate set of collaborating hardware and software objects to solve a particular problem.

CWDM

coarse wavelength division multiplexing A technology that allows two or four optical signals with different

wavelengths to be simultaneously transmitted in the same direction over one fiber, and then sep ara te d by waveleng th at the dist ant end.

decibel A unit of measure indicating relative optic power on a logarithmic scale.

Often expressed to a fixed value, such as dBm (1 milliwatt) or dBµ (1 microwatt).

dBm

decibels above one milliwatt

Glossary 57

demultiplexing

The separating of different wavelengths in a wavelength-division multiplexing system. The opposite of multiplexing.

dispersion

The broadening of input pulses as they travel the length of an optical fiber. There are three major types of dispersion, as follows:

• modal dispersion, which is caused by the many optical path lengths in a

multimode fiber

• chromatic dispersion, which is caused by the differential delay at various

wavelengths in the optical fiber

• waveguide dispersion , which is c aused by light travel ing t hro ugh bot h the

core and cladding materials in single-mode fibers

DWDM

dense wavelength division multiplexing A technology that allows a large number of optical signals (usually 16 or

more) with different wavelengths to be simultaneously transmitted in the same direction over one fiber, and then separated by wavelength at the distant end.

ESD

electrostatic discharge Discharge of stored static electricity that can damage electronic equipment

and impair electrical circuitry, resulting in complete or intermitt ent failures.

Ethernet

A local area network data link protocol based on a packet frame. Ethernet, which usually operates at 10 Mbit/s, allows multiple devices to share access to the link.

facility

Any provisional configuration that provides a transmission path between two or more locations without terminating or signalling equipment. Also, the logical representation of a transport signal.

Installation and Networking Guidelines for Optical Routing

58 Glossary

fiber

See optical fiber.

fiber loss

Also optical fiber loss. The attenuation of the light signal in optical-fiber transmission.

fiber-optic link

A combination of transmitter, receiver, and fiber-optic cable capable of transmitting data.

fiber optics The branch of optical technology dedicated to transmitting light through

fibers made of transparent materials such as glass and plastic.

GBIC

Gigabit inte rface converter Allows Gigabit Ethernet ports to link with fiber optic networks.

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Gbit/s

Gigabits per second A measure of the bandwidth on a data transmission medium. One Gbit/s

equals 1,000,000,000 bps.

Gigabit Ethernet

Gigabit Ethernet A LAN transmission standard that provides a data rate of one billion bits per

second (Gbit/s).

ground

An electrical term meaning to connect to the earth or other large conducting body to serve as an earth thus making a complete electrical circuit.

GUI

graphical user interface A graphical ( rather than textual) interface to a computer.

Glossary 59

hub

A group of circuits connected at one point on a network.

insertion loss

In an optical fiber system, the total optical power loss caused by insertion of an optical component, such a s a conne ctor , s plice, o r coupler. Usually given in dB.

kbps

thousands of bits per second A measure of the bandwidth on a data tr ansmis sion medi um. One kbps eq uals

1000 bps.

lambda

See wavelength.

LAN

local area network A data communications network that is geographically limited (typically to a

1 km radius), allowing easy interconnection of terminals, microprocessors, and computers within ad jacent bu ildings. Most notabl e of LAN topol ogies ar e Ethernet, token ring, and FDDI.

laser

An acronym for "Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation". A laser is a monochromatic (same wavelength), coherent (waves in phase), beam of radiation.

loss

The ratio of optical output power to input po wer, usually given in units of dB. Usually represents a decrease in an optical signal. A negative loss means a gain of power.

loss/attenuation

In an optical fiber, the absorption of light by molecules in the fiber, causing some of the intensity of light to be lost from the signal. Usually measured in dB.

Installation and Networking Guidelines for Optical Routing

60 Glossary

loss budget

The amount of optical power launched into a system that will be lost through various mechanisms, such as insertion losses and fiber attenuation. Usually given in dB.

MAN

metropolitan area network A MAN consists of LANs interconnected within a radius of approximately

80 km (50 miles). MANs typically use fiber-optic cable to connect LANs.

margin

The amount of loss, beyond the link budget amount, that can be tolerated in a link.

MMF

multimode fiber A fiber with core diameter much larger than the wavelength of light

transmitted that allows many modes of light to propagate. Commonly used with LED sources for lower speed, short distance lengths. Typical core sizes (measured in microns) are 50/125, 62.5/125 and 100/140.

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mode

An independent light path through an optical fiber. See SMF and MMF.

multimode fiber

See MMF.

multiplexing

Carriage of multiple channels over a s ingle tr ansmissio n medium; an y process by which a dedicated circuit can be shared by multiple users. Typically, data streams are interspers ed on a bit or byt e basi s (t ime divi si on) , or sepa ra ted by different carrier frequencies (frequency division).

MUX

multiplexer A device that combines two or more signals into a signal composite data

stream for transmission on a single channel.

Glossary 61

NDSF

non-dispersion-shifted fiber A type of optical fiber optimized for the 1310 nm transmission window.

nanometer

See nm.

nanometer

-9

One billionth of a meter (10

meter). A unit of measure commonly used to

express the wavelengths of light.

node

A point in an optical network where optical signals can be processed and switched among various links.

NZDSF

non-zero- dispersion-shifted fiber A type of optical fiber optimized for high bit-rate and dense

wavelength-division-multiplexing applications.

OADM

optical add/drop multiplexer An optical multiplexer/demultiplexer (mux/demux) that adds or drops one

CWDM channel of the same wavelength from the optical fiber and allows all other wavelengths to pass straight through.

O/E

optical to electrical Optical to electrical conversion.

optical carrier Series of physical protocols, such as OC-1, OC-2, and OC-3, defined for

SONET optical signal transmissions. OC signal levels put STS frames onto fiber-optic line at a variety of speeds. The base rate is 51.84 Mbit/s (OC-1);

Installation and Networking Guidelines for Optical Routing

62 Glossary

each signal level thereafter operates at a speed divisible by that number. For example, OC-3 operates at 155.52 Mbit/s.

OC-1

optical carrier - level 1 An optical SONET signal at 51.84 Mbit/s.

OC-3

optical carrier - level 3 An optical SONET signal at 155.52 Mbit/s.

OC-12

optical carrier - level 12 An optical SONET signal at 622.08 Mbit/s.

OMUX

optical multiplexer An optical multip lex er/de mu ltipl ex er that mu ltip lex es and demu lti plexe s fo ur

or eight CWDM wavelength channels from a two-fiber circuit.

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optical channel

An optical wavelength band for WDM optical communications.

optical fiber

Very thin strands of pure silica glass through which laser light travels in an optical network. Consists of a core surrounded by a less refractive index cladding.

optical seam

An optical seam occurs at any site in a network when there is no optical passthrough, that is, where information is dropped from but not added onto the ring.

Optical Time Domain Reflectometer (OTDR)

Device used to inspect optical fiber links by sending opt ical pulses down them and monitoring the light reflected back to the device. Can calculate overall fiber attenuation and highlight points of loss in the fiber, or even fiber breaks.

Glossary 63

optical waveguide

See optical fiber.

passive device

A device that does not require a source of energy to function.

passthrough

A signal bypass mechanism that allows the signal to pass through a device with little or no signal processing.

point-to-point transmission

Carrying a signal between two endpoints without branching to other points.

protocol

The procedure used to control the orderly exchange of information between stations on a data link or on a data-communications network or system. Protocols specify standards in three areas: the code set, usually ASCII or EBCDIC; the transmission mode, usually asynchronous or synchronous; and the non-data exchanges of information by which the two devices establish contact and control, dete ct failures or errors, and initiate corrective action.

provisioning

The process by which a requested service is designed, implemented, and tracked.

ring architecture

A network topology in which terminals are connected serially point-to-point in an unbroken circle.

receive A terminal device that incl udes a detector and signal pr ocessing electronics . It

functions as an optical-to-electrical converter.

scalable

The ability to add power and capability to an existing system without significant expense or overhead.

Installation and Networking Guidelines for Optical Routing

64 Glossary

single-mode fiber

See SMF.

SMF

A mode is one of the various light waves that can be transmitted in an optical fiber. Each optical signa l ge ner at es ma ny di fferent modes, but in single-mode fiber the aim is to onl y have one of them tran smitted. This i s achieve d through having a core of a very small di amet er ( usua ll y ar ound 10 micrometers), with a cladding that is usually ten times the core diameter. These fibers have a potential bandwidth of 50 to 100 GHz per kilometer.

transmit A device that includes a LED or laser source and signal conditioning

electronics that is used to inject a signal into optical fiber.

(vertical) unit One U is 1.75 inches. Standard equipment racks have bolt holes spaced

evenly on the mounting rails to permit equipment that is sized in multiples of this vertical unit to be mounted in the same rack.

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WAN

wide area network A physical or logical network that provides data communications to a larger

number of independent use rs tha n ar e u sua ll y se rve d by a LAN and is usually spread over a larger geographic area than that of a LAN.

wavelength

All electromagnetic radiation (radio waves, microwaves, ultraviolet light, visible light, etc.) is transmitted in waves, and the wavelength is the distance between the successive crests of the waves. In op tical netw orks, you can think of different wavelengths as being different colors of light. Wavelengths of light are measured in nanometers or microns.

Glossary 65

WDM

wavelength division multiplexing Transmitting many different colors (wavelengths) of laser light down the

same optical fiber at the same time in order to increase the amount of information that can be transferred.

Installation and Networking Guidelines for Optical Routing

66 Glossary

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Index

add/drop mux

connecting cables 39 description 19 insert in shelf 38 remove from shelf 44 ring application 20 specifications 45

application

point-to-point, mu x/demux 23 ring, add/drop mux 20 ring, mux/demux 24

attenuation 27

block diagram, connections

add/drop mux 20 eight-channel mux/demux 23 four-channe l mux/ d emux 22

cabling, specification

add/drop mux 45 mux/demux 47

cleaning, handling fiber optic connectors

duplex SC connectors 52 receptacle or duplex devices 53 SC, FC connectors 51 tools and materials 50

connecting cables

add/drop mux 39 eight-channel mux/demux 42 four-channe l mux/ d emux 41

connections, block diagram

add/drop mux 20 eight-channel mux/demux 23 four-channel mux/demux 22

connectors, specification

add/drop mux 45

mux/demux 47 customer support 15 CWDM OADM

cabling 39

description 19

insert, remove from shelf 38

physical dimensions 45

specifications 45 CWDM OMUX

cabling eight-channel 42

cabling four-channel 41

description 21

insert, remove from shelf 38

specifications 47

directivity, specification

add/drop mux 45

mux/demux 47 duplex devices, cleaning 53 duplex SC connectors, cleaning 52

electrostatic discharge 36 environment, specification

add/drop mux 45

mux/demux 47

Installation and Networking Guidelines for Optical Routing

68 Index

equipment side connections

add/drop mux 39 eight-channel mux/demux 42 four-channe l mux/ d emux 41

FC connectors, cleaning 51 fiber optic cable

attenuation and transmission 27 cleaning connectors for 50 precautions with 49

front panel

add/drop mux 20 four-channe l mux/ d emux 22

gigabit interface converter, description 18

hub and spoke

calculating transmission distance for 33 network configuration example 33

insertion loss, specification

add/drop mux 45 mux/demux 47

isolation, specification

add/drop mux 45 mux/demux 47

link budget

about 27 hub and spoke example 33 mesh ring example 30 point-to-point example 29

mesh ring application

calculating transmission distance for 30

network configuration example 31 multiplexer

add/drop, description 19

mux/demux, description 21 mux/demux

connecting cables, eight-channel 42

connecting cables, four-channel 41

description 21

insert in shelf 38

remove from shelf 44

specifications 47

network backbone connections

add/drop mux 39

eight channel mux/demx 42

four-channel mux/demx 41

OADM, CWDM

connecting cables 39

description 19

insert in shelf 38

physical dimensions 45

remove from shelf 44

specifications 45 OMUX, CWDM

connecting cables, eight-channel 42

connecting cables, four-channel 41

description 21

insert in shelf 38

remove from shelf 44

specifications 47 optical link budget

about 27

hub and spoke 33

mesh ring 30

point-to-point 29

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Index 69

optical routing system

description 17 shelf, installing 37

passband, specification

add/drop mux 45

physical dimensions, specification

add/drop mux 45 mux/demux 47

point-to-point application

calculating transmission distance for 29 mux/demux 23

network configuration example 29 product support 15 publications

hard copy 14

receptacle devices, cleaning 53 ring application

add/drop mux 20

mux/demux 24

transmission distance

about 27 hub and spoke example 33 mesh ring example 30 point-to-point example 29

wavelength

specification

add/drop mux 45 mux/demux 47

usage specification

add/drop mux 45

SC connectors, cleaning 51 shelf, optical

insert mux in 38

installing 37

remove mux from 44 support, Nortel Networks 15

technical publications 14 technical support 15 tranceiver, CWDM GBIC 18

Installation and Networking Guidelines for Optical Routing

70 Index

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Nortel Networks 10396EA, 10292FA User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Installation and Networking Guidelines for Optical Routing

Contents

Figures

Tables

Preface

Before you begin

Hard-copy technical manuals

How to get help

Parts of the optical routing system

Gigabit interface converter description

Optical add drop multiplexer description

Network add/drop ring application

Optical multiplexer/demultiplexer description

CWDM OMUX-4

CWDM OMUX-8

How to calculate expected loss budget

How to calculate maximum transmission distance

Assumptions

Procedure

Preparing for installation

Exceeding class 1 power level warning

Environmental and physical requirements

Electrostatic discharge

Cabling a CWDM OADM or a CWDM OMUX

Precautions

Tools and Materials

Cleaning Fiber Optic Connectors

Cleaning Single SC and FC Connectors

Cleaning Receptacle or Duplex Devices

Glossary

Index