Nokia RBTS2500 User Manual
i
Configuring, Installing, and
Using Carrier Infrastructure
Broadband Wireless Access System
Part Number: 104-0100-0004
ii
BaseConnect, Expedience, NetProvision, and ProvisionLink are trademarks of NextNet Wireless, Inc.
©2000-2004 NextNet Wireless, Inc. All rights reserved.
WARNING: This equipment has been tested with a 19 dBi gain antenna and found to comply with the FCC
guidelines for Radio Frequency Radiation Exposure Limits as detailed below. For a single base 5 watt
transmitter connected to the antenna, a minimum of 2 meters or 6.5 feet of separation between the antenna
and all persons must be maintained. The minimum separation increases when additional base transmitting
signals are combined and applied to the same antenna. Four base 5 watt transmitters combined to use a single
antenna need a minimum separation of 4 meters or 13 feet from all persons.
Radio Frequency Radiation Exposure Limits.
f = frequency in MHz
* = Plane-wave equivalent power density
NOTE 1 TO TABLE 1: Occupational/controlled limits apply in situations in which persons are exposed as a
consequence of their employment provided those persons are fully aware of the potential for exposure and can
exercise control over their exposure.
Limits for occupational/controlled exposure also apply in situations when an individual is transient through a
location where occupational/controlled limits apply provided he or she is made aware of the potential for
exposure.
NOTE 2 TO TABLE 1: General population/uncontrolled exposures apply in situations in which the general
public may be exposed, or in which persons that are exposed as a consequence of their employment may not
be fully aware of the potential for exposure or can not exercise control over their exposure.
Note: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device,
pursuant to part 15 of the FCC rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against
harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates,
uses, and can radiate radio-frequency energy, and, if not installed and used in accordance with the installation
manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential
area is likely to cause harmful interference, in which case users will be required to correct the interference at
their own expense.
TABLE 1. Limits for Maximum Permissible Exposure (MPE)
Frequency range
(MHz)
Electric field-
strength (V/m)
Magnetic field-
strength (A/m)
Power density
(mW/cm 2)
Averaging time
(minutes)
(A) Limits for Occupational/Controlled Exposures
0.3-3.0 614 1.63 *(100) 6
3.0-30 1842/f 4.89/f
*(900/f
2
)
6
30-300 61.4 0.163 1.0 6
300-1500 — — f/300 6
1500-100,000 — — 5 6
(B) Limits for General Population/Uncontrolled Exposure
0.3-1.34 614 1.63 *(100) 30
1.34-30 824/f 2.19/f
*(180/f
2
)
30
30-300 27.5 0.073 .2 30
300-1500 — — f/1500 30
1500-100,000 — — 1.0 30
iii
NextNet Wireless, Inc. recommends the following antennas for base station installations:
This Class A digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003.
THE SPECIFICATIONS AND INFORMATION REGARDING THE PRODUCTS IN THIS MANUAL
ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE. ALL STATEMENTS, INFORMATION, AND
RECOMMENDATIONS IN THIS MANUAL ARE BELIEVED TO BE ACCURATE BUT ARE
PRESENTED WITHOUT WARRENTY OF ANY KIND. USERS MUST TAKE FULL
RESPONSIBILITY FOR THEIR APPLICATION OF ANY PRODUCT.
NOTWITHSTANDING ANY OTHER WARRANTY HEREIN, ALL DOCUMENT FILES AND
SOFTWARE ARE PROVIDED “AS IS” WITH ALL FAULTS. NEXTNET WIRELESS DISCLAIMS ALL
WARRANTIES, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THOSE OF
MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT OR
ARISING FOM A COUSRE OF DEALING, USAGE, OR TRADE PRACTICE.
IN NO EVENT SHALL NEXTNET WIRELESS OR ITS SUPPLIERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
INDIRECT, SPECIAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT
LIMITATION, LOST PROFITS OR LOSS OF DAMAGE TO DATA ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR
INABILITY TO USE THIS MANUAL, EVEN IF NEXTNET WIRELESS HAS BEEN ADVISED OF
THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
TABLE 2. Technical Information
Transmitting power 1m watts to 2 watts
1m watts to 5 watts (high power option)
Operating voltage 120 VAC nominal
Frequency band 2500 - 2686 MHz TX/RX
Frequency stability ±1.0 ppm
Number of channels 31
Channel bandwidth 6 MHz
Modulation Orthogonal frequency division multiplex
Transmission Time division duplex/time division multiplex
TABLE 3. Recommended antennas for base station installations
Manufacturer Antenna type Model/part number
Stella Doradus 120 degree vertical
polarization
18 dBi gain
26 12005V
Stella Doradus 90 degree vertical
polarization
19 dBi gain
26 9005V
Stella Doradus 90 degree vertical
polarization
17 dBi gain
26 9007.5NV
Stella Doradus 90 degree horizontal
polarization
19 dBi gain
26 9005H
Til-Tek Omni vertical polar-
ization
10 dBi gain
TA- 25 50
iv
v
C
ONTENTS
About this guide
Preface overview .............................................................................. xiii
About this guide .............................................................................. xiii
Chapters in this guide ........................................................................................ xiv
Additional documentation ............................................................... xiv
Typographical conventions this guide uses ......................................xv
Where to go for more help ............................................................... xvi
Technical support............................................................................................... xvi
Documentation additions and corrections..................................................... xvi
Introduction to backhaul installations
Chapter overview .............................................................................. 1-1
System overview ................................................................................1-1
System overview ................................................................................................ 1-1
Infrastructure overview .................................................................................... 1-2
Installation overview .........................................................................1-4
Installation steps common to CBR and BTS ................................................ 1-4
Planning the installation ..................................................................1-6
Choosing an installation location .................................................................... 1-6
Assessing network access provider equipment needs ................................. 1-7
Planning for the antennas and antenna installation tips .............................. 1-8
Designing the deployment of base stations .................................................. 1-9
Configuring network architecture
Chapter overview ............................................................................ 2-11
Architecture overview ..................................................................... 2-11
Configuring switches ......................................................................2-12
Configuring the switch at the cell site .......................................................... 2-12
Configuring the head end switch .................................................................. 2-12
Configuring the ISP switch ............................................................................ 2-12
Selecting links and circuits ............................................................. 2-12
Selecting links based on maximum rate needed .........................................2-12
Selecting links based on another rate ........................................................... 2-13
Configuring the AP server
Chapter overview ............................................................................3-15
AP server overview .......................................................................... 3-15
vi Configuring, Installing, and Using Carrier Infrastructure
Starting the AP server .....................................................................3-15
Configuring the AP server ..............................................................3-16
Defining AP server users and administrators .............................................3-16
Defining zone names ......................................................................................3-21
Defining ISPs ...................................................................................................3-22
Changing ISP information .............................................................................3-24
Monitoring ISPs and base stations ...............................................................3-25
Configuring base stations
Chapter overview ............................................................................4-27
Before you begin .............................................................................4-27
Setting up connection methods used to configure base stations ..4-28
Setting up terminal emulation access ...........................................................4-28
Setting up Telnet access ................................................................................. 4-28
Setting up web access ..................................................................................... 4-30
Setting up SNMP access ................................................................................ 4-31
Setting base station configuration parameters ...............................4-33
set airlink channel ........................................................................................... 4-33
set airlink downlink power .............................................................................4-34
set airlink downlink bias ................................................................................4-35
set system location .......................................................................................... 4-37
set system name ............................................................................................... 4-38
set airlink state .................................................................................................4-38
Recommended parameter changes ................................................4-38
set system cell ..................................................................................................4-38
set system sector ..............................................................................................4-38
set DHCP state ................................................................................................4-38
Setting legacy and management VLAN IDs ...............................................4-39
Setting up Syslog ............................................................................4-39
Configuring the authority that grants network access to CPEs ....4-40
Using base station caching feature for re-registering CPEs ..................... 4-40
Remote authority: setting up the provisioning server to grant CPEs
network access .................................................................................................4-41
Local authority: setting up the base station to grant CPEs
network access .................................................................................................4-42
Configuring the time signal used by base stations ........................4-42
Configuring the GPS to supply the time signal .......................................... 4-42
Configuring a base station to supply a time signal .....................................4-43
Installing the base transceiver station (BTS)
Chapter overview ............................................................................5-45
Before you begin .............................................................................5-45
Cell wiring .......................................................................................5-46
vii
Base station connectors ..................................................................5-47
Ethernet (data) and power connector ..........................................................5-48
TVS module connectors ................................................................................ 5-50
GPS connectors ...............................................................................................5-51
Serial interface connector ...............................................................................5-53
Antenna connector ......................................................................................... 5-53
Mounting the base station ..............................................................5-54
Mounting the base station to a wall ..............................................................5-54
Mounting the base station to a tower .......................................................... 5-55
Mounting the base station to a 19 inch rack ...............................................5-55
Connecting the antenna to the base station ...................................5-55
Antenna connection tips ................................................................................ 5-55
Connecting the antenna to the base station ................................................ 5-55
Connecting the GPS equipment to a base station .........................5-56
GPS equipment mounting tips .....................................................................5-56
Connecting the GPS unit to the base station ............................................. 5-56
Connecting to the backbone network ............................................5-57
Powering base stations ...................................................................5-57
Powering tips ...................................................................................................5-57
Powering the base station .............................................................................. 5-58
Installing the cabinet-mounted base radio (CBR)
Chapter overview ............................................................................6-59
Before you begin .............................................................................6-59
Installation overview .......................................................................6-60
Installing the mounting bracket and attaching cabinet to the
19-inch rack ..................................................................................... 6-61
Attaching the switch and power supply to the rack .......................6-62
Installing the CBRs into the cabinet ..............................................6-62
Connecting CBRs to cell (cell wiring) ............................................6-63
Connecting power to the CBRs ......................................................6-65
Powering the base station .............................................................................. 6-65
Powering tips ...................................................................................................6-67
Grounding the CBRs ......................................................................6-68
Turning on the CBR’s power .........................................................6-69
Base station connectors ..................................................................6-70
GPS connectors ...............................................................................................6-70
Power supply cable connections ................................................................... 6-71
Diagnostic cable connections ........................................................................6-71
Fuses and Ethernet cable connections on cabinet .....................................6-72
Wiring alarms for CBRs .................................................................6-74
Connecting to the backbone network ............................................6-74
viii Configuring, Installing, and Using Carrier Infrastructure
Testing and managing the network
Chapter overview ............................................................................7-75
Testing the setup overview .............................................................7-75
Installing the ISP’s provisioning server .......................................................7-75
Testing the connection between the AP server and the
provisioning server ..........................................................................................7-76
Ensuring CPE access to ISP VLAN ............................................................ 7-76
Network management overview .....................................................7-76
Fault isolation overview .................................................................................7-77
Performance management overview ............................................................7-78
Configuration management overview ..........................................................7-78
Accounting feature overview ........................................................................7-78
GPS status codes
Appendix overview ........................................................................A-79
Supported frequency ranges
Appendix overview ........................................................................ B-81
MMDS frequency range ................................................................................ B-81
3.3 GHz
frequency range .............................................................................. B-83
3.5 GHz frequency range .............................................................................. B-83
ix
F
IGURES
About this guide
Introduction to backhaul installations
Cabinet-mounted base radio (CBR) ............................................................... 1-2
Cabinet mounted base radios inside cabinet ................................................. 1-3
Base station for indoor or outdoor installation ............................................ 1-3
Configuring network architecture
Configuring the AP server
AP server log in page ...................................................................................... 3-16
Access Provider Management page .............................................................. 3-17
Configure page ................................................................................................3-18
Administrators page ........................................................................................ 3-19
New User page ................................................................................................3-20
Base Station Attributes page ..........................................................................3-21
ISP Management page ....................................................................................3-22
Create new ISP page ....................................................................................... 3-23
ISP details page ................................................................................................3-24
Monitor ISPs- Base Stations page ................................................................ 3-25
Base Station Properties page .........................................................................3-26
Configuring base stations
Installing the base transceiver station (BTS)
Cell wiring diagram .........................................................................................5-46
Base station connectors ..................................................................................5-47
Ethernet (data) and power connector ..........................................................5-48
Ethernet (data) and power connector ..........................................................5-48
TVS module connector: Base station connector ........................................5-50
TVS module connector: power/Ethernet connector ................................ 5-50
GPS connector ................................................................................................5-51
Serial interface connector ...............................................................................5-53
Base station mounting template ....................................................................5-54
Installing the cabinet-mounted base radio (CBR)
Cabinet mounting bracket .............................................................................6-61
Location of switch and power supply in rack .............................................6-62
Cell wiring diagram .........................................................................................6-64
Power connections on bottom of cabinet ................................................... 6-66
Grouding the CBRs ........................................................................................6-68
CBR LEDs .......................................................................................................6-69
Connector on the serial cable used in configuring base stations ............. 6-70
x Configuring, Installing, and Using Carrier Infrastructure
Diagnostic cable: DB9 connector pins ........................................................6-72
Fuses and Ethernet cable connections on cabinet .....................................6-72
Removing fuse from cabinet ......................................................................... 6-73
External alarm connections ........................................................................... 6-74
Testing and managing the network
GPS status codes
Supported frequency ranges
xi
T
ABLES
Chapters and appendices in the guide .............................................................xiv
Additional documentation ................................................................................xiv
Typographical conventions ...............................................................................xv
Contacting technical support ...........................................................................xvi
Introduction to backhaul installations
Advantages/disadvantages of location choices ............................................ 1-7
Configuring network architecture
Configuring the AP server
Create new ISP page ....................................................................................... 3-23
Configuring base stations
Transmit power levels .....................................................................................4-34
Transmit power levels .....................................................................................4-35
Downlink rate based on modulation method ............................................. 4-36
Uplink data rate for 4-QAM modulation method ..................................... 4-36
Uplink data rate for 16-QAM modulation method ................................... 4-36
Uplink data rate for 64-QAM modulation method ................................... 4-36
Uplink data rate for 16-QAM lite modulation method ............................. 4-37
Methods used to grant CPEs access to ISPs’ VLANs .............................. 4-40
Installing the base transceiver station (BTS)
Ethernet/power base station cable choices ................................................5-49
Ethernet/power cable pins ............................................................................5-49
Function of wires in cable 597-6027-0xxx ..................................................5-49
Recommended mating connectors (optional) .............................................5-51
Installing the cabinet-mounted base radio (CBR)
Connector type to use with cabinet connectors .........................................6-66
Description of LEDs on the base station ................................................... 6-69
Power cable pins .............................................................................................. 6-71
Diagnostic cable pin connections (RJ-45) ................................................... 6-71
Testing and managing the network
GPS status codes
GPS status codes and meaning .................................................................... A-79
Supported frequency ranges
xii Configuring, Installing, and Using Carrier Infrastructure
xiii
P REFACE
A
BOUT
THIS
GUIDE
Preface overview
Thank you for choosing the Expedience™ system from NextNet Wireless. This guide
describes how to configure and install the system’s base transceiver station (BTS) and the
cabinet-mounted base radio (CBR)
This preface describes:
• Audience for this guide
• Additional documentation
• Typographical conventions used in this guide
• Where to go for more help
About this guide
This guide describes how to configure and install the system’s base station. It also describes
how to configure and work with the access provider (AP) server.
This guide is intended for network and system administrators who must install, configure, and
manage base stations and the AP server. This guide provides detailed configuration and
installation instructions.
It is assumed readers of this guide are familiar with:
• Basic networking concepts
• Layer 2 (link layer) of OSI model
• Cell structure engineering
xiv Configuring, Installing, and Using Carrier Infrastructure
Chapters in this guide
Table i describes the chapters and appendices in this guide.
Additional documentation
If you cannot find the information you need in this guide, you may want to refer to the
documents described in Table ii.
Table i Chapters and appendices in the guide
Chapter Description
Preface Provides an overview of the guide, related documentation,
the guide’s intended audience, typographical conventions,
and methods for obtaining technical support.
Chapter 1 Introduction to
backhaul installations
Provides an overview of the Expedience system and of the
system’s base station component. It provides an installation
overview and describes things you need to consider before
installing base stations.
Chapter 2 Configuring base
stations
Describes how to configure base stations, including how to
use Telnet or Term to set up a base station before deploying
it and mounting it to a tower or building. The chapter also
describes how to configure base stations after you have
deployed them, for example, to maintain the system and
optimize system performance.
Chapter 3 Installing base
stations
Explains how to install a base station at a cell site. Also
describes the components used to mount the base station on
a building or tower.
Chapter 4 Testing the
network setup
Explains how to work with the ISP to ensure the network is
installed and running correctly.
Appendix A Parts list Lists part numbers of system components that are related to
base station installations
Appendix B Supported
frequency ranges
Provides reference information about the frequency ranges
in which the equipment can operate.
Table ii Additional documentation
Guide Description
Getting Started with the
Expedience System
Provides an overview of the Expedience system, its
components, its network architecture, and options for
selecting a deployment scheme for the system in the service
provider (backbone) network.
Configuring, Installing, and
Using Carrier Infrastructure
This is the guide you are currently reading. Describes how to
set up and configure base stations, including how to connect
antenna systems, the backbone network equipment, and
global positioning system (GPS) equipment.
Also provides an overview of the AP server and how to
configure the AP server for your network.
Using the NextNet
Operating System (NNOS)
Describes the NextNet operating system (NNOS), which is
the common operating system for the system’s base station
devices and customer premise equipment (CPE) devices.
This guide describes how you can configure the operating
system on devices by using commands issued from Telnet,
Terminal, or a Web interface.
xv
Typographical conventions this guide uses
Table iii describes the typographical conventions that this guide uses.
Configuring and monitoring
the ISP network
Intended for use by an ISP. Provides an overview of the
Expedience system, its components, and its network
architecture. This guide describes how to install and
configure the ISP’s provisioning server. It describes how to
define service level agreements (SLAs) and how SLAs are
enforced by the NetEnforcer device.
Expedience Broadband
Wireless Access Modem
Intended for use by your subscribers, this guide describes
how to install a RSU (that is, an indoor CPE) at a subscriber
site. Your subscribers can completely install the RSU.
The guide explains, in detail, how to connect the RSU to a
computer or to a network device. It explains system pre-
requisites, and provides troubleshooting information.
This guide is available in electronic (pdf) format, on the
CD-ROM that accompanies the LinkMonitor software.
Installing the RSU Intended for use by your subscribers, this guide describes
how to quickly install a RSU directly to a computer.
Expedience NLOS
Outdoor Broadband
Wireless Access Modem
Intended for use by a professional installer, this guide
describes how to install an outdoor CPE.
Table ii Additional documentation
Guide Description
Table iii Typographical conventions
Convention Meaning
Bold face If you are using a graphical user interface (GUI), bold face
indicates a button, menu option, icon, and so on, that you
manipulate directly.
If you are using a command line interface, bold face indicates
commands and keywords.
Bold face can also indicate information that you must enter.
Italic face Arguments for which you supply values are in italic face.
Courier
(mono-spaced) font
A command you type in, exactly as it appears, at a command
line.
[ ... ] Arguments that appear inside square brackets [ ], are
optional.
Also, when the guide shows a system prompt, the default
system prompt appears inside square brackets.
{..} | {..} Required keywords are grouped in braces and separated by
vertical bars.
Note Notes contain helpful suggestions for the reader.
<...> Non-printing characters, such as passwords, appear in angle
brackets.
Caution Cautions contain information about which the reader must
exercise care.
Warning Warnings contain information about how readers might do
something resulting in harm to themselves or in damage to
equipment or data.
xvi Configuring, Installing, and Using Carrier Infrastructure
Where to go for more help
This section describes how to obtain support for your NextNet Wireless product. It also
describes how to provide comments on the product documentation.
Technical support
NextNet Wireless is committed to providing our customers with high quality technical
support. Table iv describes how to contact technical support.
Documentation additions and corrections
If you find documentation errors, or want to see additional information not presented in this
guide, please contact our documentation group at the following e-mail address:
techdocs@nextnetwireless.com
Table iv Contacting technical support
Contact Description
Phone 1.877.962.2200
E-mail support@nextnetwireless.com
Web site www.nextnetwireless.com
1-1
C HAPTER
1
I
NTRODUCTION
TO
BACKHAUL
INSTALLATIONS
Chapter overview
This chapter provides an overview of the Expedience system and of the system’s
infrastructure components:
• The base station, which comes in two forms:
• The base transceiver station (BTS),
• The cabinet-mounted base radio (CBR)
• The access provider (AP) server
• The network switches
The chapter provides an installation overview. It also describes things you need to consider
before installing base stations.
System overview
This section provides a brief overview of the Expedience system, as well as the infrastructure
that network access providers must install. For additional system overview information, refer
to the guide “Getting Started with the Expedience System.”
System overview
NextNet Wireless designed the Expedience system to give small office, home office (SOHO),
and residential subscribers high speed, wireless access to network communication systems,
such as the Internet. The Expedience system is an end-to-end broadband wireless access
system and operates in several frequency ranges.
The system was designed to allow network access providers to re-sell network bandwidth to
ISPs on a wholesale basis. In turn, the ISPs sell access to their subscribers on a retail basis. To
support multiple ISPs on the network, the system uses virtual LAN (VLAN) technology.
The system does not
have a line-of-sight (LOS) requirement between the base station and the
CPEs. The air link between base stations and CPEs functions as an Ethernet bridge carrying
IP/ARP packets. Time division duplex (TDD) and cellular deployment offer you flexibility in
adjusting downlink versus uplink airtime.
1-2 Configuring, Installing, and Using Carrier Infrastructure
Infrastructure overview
The base station and AP server are network infrastructure components supplied by NextNet
Wireless. The network access provider configures and maintains this equipment.
Additional infrastructure components include switches for use at the base station cell sites,
and the head-end switch. These switches are supplied by the network access provider. If
desired, the network access provider can purchase the switches through NextNet Wireless.
Base station overview
The base station maintains contact with CPEs at your subscribers’ sites. The base station
integrates the transceiver and modem into one device.
Under typical configurations, the base station covers an approximate radius of 2 to 3 miles,
with a 5 mile maximum. If desired, network access providers can configure their base stations
to cover a maximum radius of 20 miles. To cover up to 20 miles, the network access provider
enables the extended range feature.
There are two types of base stations offered by NextNet Wireless:
• An indoor-only base station that slides into a base station cabinet after the cabinet has
been installed on a standard 19 inch rack. This base station is known as the cabinet-
mounted base radio (CBR).
• A base station that can be installed indoors or outdoors. This base station can be installed
on a tower, on a roof, on a wall, or on a rack. This base station is known as the base
transceiver station (BTS).
Figure 1.1 shows an individual CBR which will be installed inside a cabinet. This cabinet is
then installed on a standard 19 inch rack. Up to 8 CBRs can be installed inside a cabinet.
Figure 1.1 Cabinet-mounted base radio (CBR)
1-3
Figure 1.2 shows 8 CBRs installed inside the base station cabinet.
Figure 1.3 shows a base station that can be installed outdoors or indoors.
AP server overview
The AP server acts as a relay for the CPE registration events which arrive from base stations
(on the management VLAN) and are forwarded to the correct ISP provisioning server (over
the control VLAN).
The base stations each have a TCP/IP connection to the AP server. The base stations use
their connection to forward CPE registration requests to the AP server.
The AP server is provided by NextNet Wireless.
Figure 1.2 Cabinet mounted base radios inside cabinet
Figure 1.3 Base station for indoor or outdoor installation
1-4 Configuring, Installing, and Using Carrier Infrastructure
Head-end switch, base station cell switch, and ISP switch
overview
The network access provider must supply switches for their network, which include the head-
end switch and the switches used at the base station cell site. The network access provider
must also assist their ISPs when the ISPs program their switches with the proper ISP VLAN
IDs.
The base stations are grouped together into cells, with between 1 and 6 base stations at a cell
site. (If the network access provider chooses to stack base stations, more than 6 base stations
can exist in a cell.) To form the base station LAN, the base stations are connected to a switch
at the cell site.
WAN links are then used to connect the cell sites to the head end switch. The head end
switch splits incoming traffic to the management VLAN and to the appropriate ISP VLAN.
The ISP then has a configured switch that controls traffic coming into and out of the ISP
VLANs.
Installation overview
This section provides a high-level overview of how to install the indoor, cabinet-mounted
base radio (CBR), as well as the base transciever stations (BTS) that can be installed outdoors
or indoors.
Installation steps common to CBR and BTS
1 Plan the installation of base stations:
a Choose an appropriate location for the base station installation. For more information,
refer to the section “Choosing an installation location” on page 1-6 in this chapter.
b Design the deployment of base stations. Determine how base stations will be deployed
by marking a location on a map that shows where each base station will be installed.
Also determine naming conventions for cells, sectors, zones, and base stations names.
For more information, refer to the section, “Designing the deployment of base
stations” on page 1-9.
2 Plan for system components that you need to supply to complete the network. For more
information, refer to the section “Assessing network access provider equipment needs” on
page 1-7 in this chapter.
3 Install and configure the access provider (AP) server. For more information, refer to
Chapter 3, “Installing the AP server,” in this guide.
4 On the AP server, configure zone names, VLAN IDs, and the ISP IDs. For more
information, refer to Chapter 3, “Installing the AP server,” in this guide.
5 Using the NextNet Operating System (NNOS), configure the base stations before
deploying them in the field. For more information, refer to the chapter “Configuring base
stations” in this guide.
CBR installation overview
This section provides a high-level overview of how to install the base station cabinet onto a
19 inch rack, and then how to install the base stations into the cabinet.
1 Slide the metal base station cabinet into the 19 inch rack.
2 Install the power supply onto the 19 inch rack.
1-5
3
Install the switch onto the 19 inch rack.
4 Slide each base station into the appropriate slot in the cabinet on the rack.
5 If you are using a 5 watt base station, install the 5 watt channel specific filter.
6 Plug in the cables which include:
• GPS cable
• Antenna cable
• Ethernet cables
• Power cables
• Alarm cables
Also, make sure that the fuses are installed properly.
7 Plug in the power cable to the CBRs in the cabinet, make sure the power supply is
working, then turn on each CBR.
BTS installation overview
This section provides a high-level overview of the base station installation process. Other
sections in this guide then explain these installation tasks in detail.
The tasks you perform to deploy base stations are:
1 Mount the base station at the site you selected. For more information, refer to the section
“Mounting the base station” on page 6-56 in this guide.
2 Connect the antenna to the base station, as described in the section “Connecting the
antenna to the base station” on page 6-57.
3 Mount the GPS device and connect it to the base station. One GPS device can service the
multiple base stations at a cell site. For more information, refer to the section “Connecting
the GPS equipment to a base station” on page 6-58 in this guide.
4 Connect the base station to the transcient voltage suppressor (TVS) module, then connect
the TVS module to your network switch.
The TVS module splits the connection: one connection goes to a switch that connects to
your network, and the other goes to a power supply. For more information, refer to the
section “Connecting to the backbone network” on page 6-59 in this guide.
5 Power the base stations by connecting the TVS module to the power supply. For more
information, refer to the section “Powering base stations” on page 6-59 in this guide.
6 Configure cell site switches, the head end switch, and the ISP switches. For more
information, refer to “Configuring switches” on page 2-10 in this guide.
7 Test the network by working with an ISP to:
• Install the ISP’s provisioning server
• Test the AP server to provisioning server connection.
• Test that CPEs can access the ISP’s VLAN(s).
1-6 Configuring, Installing, and Using Carrier Infrastructure
Planning the installation
This section describes issues you need to consider before you install the base stations,
including:
• Choosing locations for the base station installation
• Planning for service provider equipment components
• Selection antennas
• Defining naming conventions for cells, sectors, and base stations and for VLANs
Choosing an installation location
The base station’s location at a site depends on many factors, including the site’s physical
environment, the coverage pattern you want to achieve, and the ease of maintenance you
require.
CBR installation location
The CBR is always installed indoors, inside the base station cabinet and on a standard 19 inch
rack. In turn, the rack is installed in an indoor equipment room or in another type of indoor
housing unit such as a shed near the tower.
1-7
BTS installation location
Table 1.1 describes some of the locations you might want to consider for a BTS.
Note: Regardless of the location you choose, plan to provide a weatherproof housing unit for
the network switch, the power supply, and the TVS equipment.
Placement of base stations and switches on network
Make sure your network design places the base stations behind a switch so that the base
station only sees Ethernet traffic addressed to it. The switch you choose needs to be able to
handle the Ethernet traffic on your network
Assessing network access provider equipment needs
Before you install and deploy the base station, ensure you have made provisions for the
following components:
• Power and data connection between the base station and your network
• Global position system (GPS) for proper TDD functions. You must use the GPS supplied
with the Expedience system.
• Antenna system for transmitting and receiving signals for the base stations.
Table 1.1 Advantages/disadvantages of location choices
Location Advantages Disadvantages
On tower, at
antennas
Installing at the antennas offers
cost savings, due to the fact that
you can use a shorter coaxial cable
to connect the base stations to your
cells. This also offers the ability to
transmit at higher power levels,
since there is lower signal loss in
shorter cables.
When you install base stations near
the top of the tower, installation and
maintenance are more difficult.
At base of
tower
Placing the base stations at the base
of a tower offers simpler
installation and maintenance than a
base station installed on the tower,
at the antennas.
Base station installation and
maintenance are simpler than other
options;
If you install at the base of the
tower, you need to run a coaxial
cable from the base stations to the
antennas. This cable must be of
sufficient size to reduce signal loss,
which may increase costs.
Installation still requires you to
install the antennas and coaxial
cable.
On rooftop You can use a shorter coaxial cable
to connect base stations to
antennas. As such, you can
probably operate at higher power
levels, and still stay within signal
loss criteria.
Rooftop access is usually available,
making installation and
maintenance easier. Also, a housing
unit for the backbone network
switch, power supplies, and other
equipment is typically available.
You need to obtain permission to
use a rooftop, and comply with
building codes.
1-8 Configuring, Installing, and Using Carrier Infrastructure
•SNMP server
• DHCP server, if desired, to supply IP addresses to base stations
• AP server
• Weatherproof housing for the backbone network switch, power supplies, and UPS. Also
supply weatherproof housing for the TVS module, which provides lightning protection.
• Coaxial cable to connect the base station to the antenna.
• Tower or building structure on which to mount cell site equipment.
Equipment needs of ISP
As a network access provider, you provide network bandwidth to ISPs. The ISPs in turn sell
network access to subscribers. Make sure your ISPs plan for the following pieces of
equipment on the ISP VLAN:
•DHCP server
• Customer care server and a customer relationship management application
• Provisioning server
• NetEnforcer device to enforce service level agreements that are assigned to CPEs
• Switch to receive and direct traffic from the network access provider
• Router to route traffic to the Internet
Planning for the antennas and antenna installation tips
The type of antenna you choose depends on the cell type and pattern you want to use. Make
sure:
• The antenna is a high-gain antenna, preferably at least 18dBi or higher.
• The installation of the antenna complies with the vendor’s installation directions, and that
it meets building codes.
After you have installed an antenna, you need to connect it to a mounted base station. For
instructions on connecting the antenna to a base station, refer to the section “Connecting the
antenna to the base station” on page 6-57.
1-9
Designing the deployment of base stations
To plan for how base stations will be deployed:
1 Determine a naming convention for base stations.
2 Using a map of the area to be covered, define the zone names that will be used.
For example, an access provider can divide a metropolitan areas into North, South, East,
West, and Central zones. The network access provider then assigns base stations to a
specific zone by using the set system location command. Keep in mind that multiple base
stations may be assigned to the same zone. Zones allow the ISPs to differentiate services to
subscribers by allowing subscribers to operate in specific regions or clusters of zones.
3 On a map, mark each location where base stations are installed.
4 For each base station, document your design choices. Please note that some parameters are
optional, depending on how you design the system.
• Base station name (required)
• Zone name (required)
• Cell name (optional)
• Sector name (optional)
•Channel (required)
• Default VLAN for legacy CPEs (optional, default is 1)
• Management VLAN ID (optional; default ID is 1)
1-10 Configuring, Installing, and Using Carrier Infrastructure
2-11
C HAPTER
2
C
ONFIGURING
NETWORK
ARCHITECTURE
Chapter overview
This chapter describes a simple network topology. It provides an overview of how to
configure switches at the cell site, the head end, and the ISP sites.
Architecture overview
The hierarchy of the network architecture uses the concept of two layers: the access layer and
the backbone layer.
The functions of the access layer include connecting users — which include subscribers and
the ISPs — to the backbone layer.
Subscribers use components on the access layer (the CPEs and the base stations) to obtain
broadband network services. The subscriber’s CPE communicates with a base station over a
radio link which is commonly called the air link. The base stations that communicate with the
CPEs are grouped into cells. The base stations in each cell are connected to a switch at the
cell site and a base station LAN is formed. The switches at the cell sites then use WAN links
to connect to the head-end switch.
The ISPs also use the access layer to connect to the backbone layer. An ISP receives network
access requests from components on the backbone layer (specifically the AP server on the
management VLAN). These requests for access are sent to the appropriate ISP. The ISP then
grants or denies the request. If access is granted, the ISP provides the subscriber’s host
computer with an IP address and traffic is shaped for that host computer according to the
subscriber’s service level agreement (SLA). Traffic to and from the host computer travels
through the backbone layer
The functions of the backbone layer include quickly switching incoming WAN trunk traffic
to the management VLAN and to the ISP VLANs. The backbone layer also returns Internet
traffic from the ISP to the appropriate base station and subscriber’s CPE.
2-12 Configuring, Installing, and Using Carrier Infrastructure
Configuring switches
This section describes configuration of the following switches:
• Switch connecting base stations at the cell site
• Head end switch
• ISP switch
Configuring the switch at the cell site
At the cell site, the network access provider must program a port on the switch to be a WAN
trunk to the head end switch.
Configuring the head end switch
WAN trunk ports on the head end switch must be configured to accept traffic from the cell
sites.
The head end switch then splits the traffic to the Management VLAN and the ISP VLANs.
The network access provider configures edge ports on the head end switch with the
Management VLAN ID, and the IDs of all the ISP VLANs.
Configuring the ISP switch
The ISP switch must be configured with the IDs of VLANs provided to the ISP by the
network access provider. A port on the switch is also configured with the ID of the control
VLAN.
Selecting links and circuits
Network access providers must select the links or circuits that connect the cells to the
backbone network. Each cell may have one or more base stations, and each base station
serves a sector within a cell. Service providers typically deploy cells in four or six sectors.
Downlink and uplink capacities are:
• For downlink, the base station capacity ranges from 1.364 to 3.198 Mbps.
• For uplink, the capacity ranges from 1,249 to 198 Kbps.
Typically, you adjust the downlink air time to be some multiple of the bandwidth of the
uplink. This is because browsing requests from your subscribers will most likely be shorter
than responses. Therefore, as an example, you can configure a base station for a capacity of
3.030 Mbps downlink, and 296 Kbps uplink.
Some commonly used link types to backhaul cell traffic are DS-3 and point-to-point
microwave connections.
Selecting links based on maximum rate needed
You can choose a link based on the maximum bit-transfer rate you might need. For example,
you might use DS-3 circuits to connect cells to a switch, and then connect those switches
together, using the appropriate higher-rate links.
2-13
Selecting links based on another rate
You might want to choose a link providing another data transfer rate. The link you choose
might depend on the expected and actual traffic rates for a given cell.
Choosing this option means you get lower cost circuits, but you also might get lower
throughput, increased response time, and so on.
2-14 Configuring, Installing, and Using Carrier Infrastructure
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