Nokia N-GageQDa Service Manual 06 rh47 BB
Nokia Customer Care
RH-47 Series Cellular Phones
6 - Baseband Description and
Troubleshooting
Issue 1 05/04 Copyright © 2004 Nokia Corporation Page 1
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7 - Baseband Description & Troubleshooting Nokia Customer Care
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Table of Contents
Page No
List of abbreviations ............................................................................................................................... 4
1CK System Module Block Diagram................................................................................................... 6
Baseband Technical Summary ............................................................................................................. 7
Functional Description ........................................................................................................................... 8
BB description .......................................................................................................................................8
Memory configuration ..................................................................................................................... 8
Energy management......................................................................................................................... 8
Modes of operation ..............................................................................................................................8
Voltage limits...................................................................................................................................... 9
Clocking scheme ...................................................................................................................................9
UPP_WD2 voltage/clock frequency adjusting ........................................................................ 10
Power distribution, control and reset ...........................................................................................10
Power-up sequence (reset mode)............................................................................................... 10
Powering off..................................................................................................................................... 11
Uncontrolled powering off......................................................................................................
Watchdogs........................................................................................................................................ 11
Charging............................................................................................................................................ 11
Chargers............................................................................................................................................. 12
Battery ............................................................................................................................................... 12
Back-up battery and real time clock ............................................................................................12
Baseband measurement A/D converter ........................................................................................12
ZOCUS ....................................................................................................................................................12
RH-47 BB Features & HW Interfaces.............................................................................................. 13
RH-47 BB user interface ..................................................................................................................13
UI module interface ....................................................................................................................... 13
Bluetooth ..............................................................................................................................................13
SIM interface .......................................................................................................................................13
MMC interface ....................................................................................................................................14
RH-47 audio concept ........................................................................................................................14
Earpiece .......................................................................................................................
Microphone ...................................................................................................................................... 15
Audio amplifier and MALT speaker............................................................................................ 16
External audio interface ............................................................................................................... 16
Flashing .................................................................................................................................................17
Testing interfaces ...............................................................................................................................17
Electrical Specifications for power supply interface in product testing......................... 17
Extreme voltages ...............................................................................................................................18
Temperature conditions ....................................................................................................................18
Humidity and water resistance ......................................................................................................18
Introduction to RH-47 Baseband Troubleshooting..................................................................... 19
General guidelines for RH-47 troubleshooting ..........................................................................19
Tools needed for troubleshooting .............................................................................................. 19
General guidelines.......................................................................................................................... 19
Nominal current consumption ........................................................................................................20
Troubleshooting Paths......................................................................................................................... 21
Dead or jammed device .........................................................................................................
Partially damaged device .................................................................................................................22
...................... 15
..... 11
...........21
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Most common symptoms reported by customer .......................................................................22
Most common symptoms for audio problems........................................................................ 22
Most common symptoms for Bluetooth problems................................................................ 22
Symptoms related to energy management ............................................................................. 22
Problems related to UI module:.................................................................................................. 22
Most common RF related symptoms: ....................................................................................... 23
ASIC is changed ..................................................................................................................................23
Test points ............................................................................................................................................24
“CONTACT SERVICE” on display ......................................................................................................25
1CK Baseband HW Subarea Troubleshooting............................................................................... 26
Flashing troubleshooting ..................................................................................................................26
Energy management troubleshooting ..........................................................................................28
Device does not stay on................................................................................................................ 28
General power checking ............................................................................................................... 29
Power key troubleshooting .......................................................................................................... 31
Clocks troubleshooting.................................................................................................................. 31
Charging checking..............................................................................................................
Energy management calibration ................................................................................................ 37
ADC-reading..................................................................................................................................... 38
Backup battery ................................................................................................................................ 38
SIM card ............................................................................................................................................ 40
Audio troubleshooting ......................................................................................................................43
Memory troubleshooting ..................................................................................................................50
Serial interface troubleshooting ....................................................................................................50
CBUS................................................................................................................................................... 50
FBUS ................................................................................................................................................... 51
MBUS.................................................................................................................................................. 51
Bluetooth troubleshooting ...............................................................................................................52
MMC troubleshooting .......................................................................................................................53
Vibra .......................................................................................................................................................54
ZOCUS ....................................................................................................................................................55
UI Module Troubleshooting ......................................................................................................
Keymat backlight ................................................................................................................................56
Keyboard problem ..............................................................................................................................58
Display blank ........................................................................................................................................59
Backlight does not turn on .............................................................................................................60
Appendix A ............................................................................................................................................. 62
Test points - Bottom ..........................................................................................................................62
Test points - Top .................................................................................................................................62
............ 34
......... 56
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List of abbreviations
ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit
BB Baseband
BT Bluetooth
BSI Battery Size Indicator
CBus Control Bus connecting UPP_WD2 with UEM
CPU Central Processing Unit
DBUS Data Bus
DSP Digital Signal Processor
ESD Electro Static Discharge
GPRS General Packet Radio Service
GSM Group Special Mobile/Global system mobile
HF Hands free
HFCM Handsfree Common
HS Handset
I/O Input/Output
IHF Integrated hands free
LCD Liquid Crystal Display
LO Local Oscillator
MCU Micro Controller Unit
MIC, mic Microphone
PA Power Amplifier
PCS GSM1900
PDA Pocket Data Application
PLL Phase Locked Loop
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PWB Printed Wired Board
RFBUS Control Bus For RF RXReceiver
SDRAM Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory
SIM Subscriber Identity Module
TX Transmitter
UEM Universal Energy Management
UI User Interface
VCO Voltage controlled oscillator
VHF Very High Frequency
VCXO Voltage Controlled Crystal Oscillator
VGA Video Graphics Array
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1CK System Module Block Diagram
The 1CK system module is the engine board of the RH-47 phone. It includes the baseband and RF functions of the phone and the Bluetooth module, fig. 1 below. External
interfaces are drawn as arrows crossing the 1CK border.
Figure 1: 1CK module block diagram
The accessory interface is provided by Bluetooth. Only the headset & charger are galvanic interfaces.
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Baseband Technical Summary
The heart of the BB is UPP_WD2, which includes the MCU, DSP and digital control logic.
Power is supplied by the UEMK ASIC and a number of discrete regulators. Memory comprises 1x 64Mbit, 1x 128Mbit flash memory devices and 128Mbit SDRAM.
There are two audio transducers (earpiece 8 mm and a MALT speaker 16 mm) and external galvanic headset (DCT4) interface. MALT speaker is also used for handling the ringing
tones. The MALT speaker is driven by a discrete audio amplifier.
For data connectivity, there is Bluetooth and an MMC card.
The display is a GD82C type colour display with 66000 Colours and 176x208 pixels with
backlighting.
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Functional Description
BB description
The BB core is based on UPP_WD2 CPU, which is a PDA version of the DCT4 UPP ASIC.
UPP_WD2 takes care of all the signal processing and operation controlling tasks of the
phone as well as all PDA tasks.
For power management, there is one main ASIC for controlling charging and supplying
power UEM plus some discrete power supplies. The main reset for the system is generated by the UEM.
The interface to the RF and audio sections is also handled by the UEM. This ASIC provides
A/D and D/A conversion of the in-phase and quadrature receive and transmit signal
paths and also A/D and D/A conversions of received and transmitted audio signals. Data
transmission between the UEM and RF and the UPP_WD2 is implemented using different
serial connections (CBUS, DBUS, FBUS, MBUS and RFBUS). Digital speech processing is
handled by the UPP_WD2 ASIC.
A real time clock function is integrated into the UEM, which utilizes the same 32kHzclock source as the sleep clock. A rechargeable battery provides backup power to run the
RTC when the main battery is removed. Backup time is about 3 hours.
Memory configuration
RH-47 uses two kinds of memories: flash and SDRAM. These memories have their own
dedicated bus interfaces to UPP_WD2.
Synchronous DRAM is used as working memory. Interface is a 16-bit wide data and 14bit address. Memory clocking speed is 104 MHz. The SDRAM size is 128Mbits (8Mx16).
SDRAM I/O is 1.8 V and core 2.78 V, both are supplied by UEM regulator VIO. All memory
contents are lost, if the supply voltage is switched off.
Multiplexed flash memory interface is used to store the MCU program code and user
data. The memory interface is a burst type FLASH with multiplexed address/data bus,
running at 40MHz. Both Flash I/O and core voltage are 1.8 V supplied by UEM’s VIO.
Energy management
The master of EM control is UEM and with SW this has the main control of the system
voltages and operating modes.
Modes of operation
RH-47 employs several hardware & SW controlled operation modes. The main modes are
described below.
• NO_SUPPLY mode means that the main battery is not present or its voltage is too
low (below UEM master reset threshold) and back-up battery voltage is too low.
• In BACK_UP mode, the main battery is not present or its voltage is too low but
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back-up battery has sufficient charge in it.
• In PWR_OFF mode, the main battery is present and its voltage is over UEM master reset threshold. All regulators are disabled.
• RESET mode is a synonym for start-up sequence and contains in fact several
modes. In this mode, regulators and oscillators are enabled and after they have
stabilized system reset is released and PWR_ON mode entered.
• In PWR_ON mode, SW is running and controlling the system.
• SLEEP mode is entered from PWR_ON mode when the system’s activity is low
(SLEEPX controlled by SW).
• FLASHING mode is for production SW download.
Voltage limits
In the following table, the voltage limits of the system are listed. These are also controlling system states.:
Parameter Description Value
V
MSTR+
V
MSTR-
V
COFF+
V
COFF-
V_BU
V_BU
SW
COFF
COFF+
COFF-
Master reset threshold (rising) 2.1 V (typ.)
Master reset threshold (falling) 1.9 V (typ.)
Hardware cutoff (rising) 3.1 V (typ.)
Hardware cutoff (falling) 2.8 V (typ.)
Back-up battery cutoff (rising) 2.1 V (typ.)
Back-up battery cutoff (falling) 2.0 V (typ.)
SW cutoff limit (> regulator drop-out limit) MIN! 3.4 V SW changeable
The master reset threshold controls the internal reset of the UEM. If battery voltage is
above V
from the main battery. Above V
, UEM’s charging control logic is alive. In addition, RTC is active and supplied
MSTR
UEM allows the system to be powered on although
MSTR
this may not succeed due to voltage drops during start-up. SW can also consider battery
voltage too low for operation and power down the system.
Clocking scheme
A 26 MHz VCXO is used as system clock generator in GSM. During the system start-up,
UEM RC-oscillators generate timing for state machines. All clock signals of the engine
are illustrated in following figure.
Bluetooth uses a 26 MHz clock.
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Figure 2: RH-47 Clocking.
In SLEEP mode, the VCXO is off. UEM generates low frequency clock signal (32.768 kHz)
that is fed to UPP_WD2, Bluetooth and ZOCUS.
UPP_WD2 voltage/clock frequency adjusting
No external clock is available for UPP_WD2 before VCXO starts. As reset is released, the
VCXO is running and MCU uses the 26 MHz clock while DSP is in reset. There are three
identical DPLL's, for MCU, for DSP and for accessory interfaces which can be controlled
independently. The clock for MCU can be up to 104 MHz and 117 MHz is the maximum
clock frequency for the DSP. These clock signals are used either directly (SDRAM IF) or
divided down for the interfaces (for example, flash IF).
Power distribution, control and reset
All power (except backup battery power) is drawn from the BL-6C Li-Ion battery located
in the B-cover. Current flows through ZOCUS current sense the resistor which is used for
current measurement by ZOCUS and thus for remaining operating time estimation.
1CK board contains one power ASIC, UEM and discrete regulators needed for generating
the different operating voltages. The discrete regulators consist of a step-down DC-DC
converter to power UPPWD2 voltage core and a step-up DC-DC converter for display
module backlighting. The keyboard backlighting is powered with a discrete driver.
Power-up sequence (reset mode)
RESET mode can be entered in four ways: by inserting the battery or charger, by RTC
alarm or by pressing the power key. The VCXO is powered by the UEM. After a 220 ms
delay, regulators are configured and UEM enters the PWR_ON mode and system reset
PURX is released.
During system start-up, in the RESET state, the regulators are enabled, and each regula-
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tor charges the capacitor(s) at the output with the maximum current (short circuit current) it can deliver. This results in battery voltage dropping during start-up. When a
battery with voltage level just above the hardware cutoff limit is inserted, the system
may not start due to excessive voltage dipping. Dropping below 2.8 V for longer than 5
ms forces the system to PWR_OFF state.
Powering off
Controlled powering off is done when the user requests it by pressing the power-key or
when the battery voltage falls too low. Uncontrolled powering off happens when the
battery is suddenly removed or if over-temperature condition is detected in regulator
block while in RESET mode. In this mode, all UEM’s regulators are disabled immediately
and discrete regulators are disabled as Vbat supply disappears.
Controlled powering off
For RH-47, powering off is initiated by pressing the power key. After that power off
sequence is activated in the UEM and SW. Basically, power key causes a UEM Interrupt to
UPP_WD2 and SW sets watchdog time value to zero and as this happens, PURX is forced
low and all regulators are disabled. If the battery voltage falls below the very last SWcutoff level, SW will power off the system by letting the UEM’s watchdog elapse. If thermal shutdown limit in UEM regulator block is exceeded, the system is powered off. System reset PURX is forced low.
Uncontrolled powering off
This happens when the battery is suddenly removed. UEM’s state machine notices battery
removal after battery voltage has been below V
mode. PURX is set low and all UEM’s regulators are disabled.
Watchdogs
There are three watchdogs in the UEM. The first one is for controlling system power-on
and power-down sequences. The initial time for this watchdog after reset is 32s and the
watchdog can not be disabled. The time can be set using a register. This watchdog is used
for powering the system off in a controlled manner. The other one is for security block
and is used during IMEI code setting. The third one is a power key watchdog. It is used to
power off the system in case SW is stuck and the user presses the power key.
There is also a”soft watchdog” in UPP_WD2. It is used to reset the chip in case software
gets stuck for any reason. The Bluetooth module also contains a watchdog.
Charging
Charging control and charge switch is in the UEM. There are two different charging
modes: charging empty battery (start-up charge mode), and SW controlled charging.
for 5 us and enters the PWR_OFF
COFF-
UEM digital part takes care of charger detection (generates interrupt to UPP_WD2),
pulse width modulated charging control (for internal charge switch) and over voltage
and current detection. SW using registers controls all these.
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Chargers
RH-47 BB supports a standard charger (two wires), chargers ACP-8 and ACP-12, cigarette charger LCH-8 and LCH-12 are supported.
Battery
RH-47 uses a detachable, semi-fixed lithium-Ion BL-6C battery. Nominal voltage is 3.7 V
(max charging voltage 4.2 V).
The interface consists of three pins: VBAT, GND and BSI. Pull-down resistor inside the
batteries (BSI signal) recognizes the battery types. Voltage level at BSI line is measured
using UEM's AD-converter.
Back-up battery and real time clock
Real time clock (RTC), crystal oscillator and back-up battery circuitry reside in the UEM.
A register in the UEM controls back-up battery charging. Charging is possible only in the
POWER_ON state.
Baseband measurement A/D converter
The UEM contains 11 channels A/D converter, which is used for different baseband measurement purposes. The resolution of A/D converter is 10 bits. Converter uses the CBUS
interface clock signal for the conversion. An interrupt is given to the MCU at the end of
the measurements. The converter is used for following purposes.
• Battery voltage measurement A/D channel (Internal)
• Charger voltage measurement A/D channel (Internal)
• Charger current measurement A/D channel (Internal)
• Battery temperature measurement A/D channel (External)
• Battery size measurement A/D channel (External)
• LED temperature measurement A/D channel (External)
There is also auxiliary AD converter in the UEM, which is used to monitor RF functions.
ZOCUS
The ZOCUS device is a current sensor used for the battery bar display and for determining
whether the phone is in a high current consuming mode. The ZOCUS device measures the
voltage drop across a sense resistor in the battery voltage line. This sense resistor is
formed from a PWB track and is on an internal layer of the PWB. The nominal value of
the sense resistor is 3.3 mohm. ZOCUS reports the current measurement to UPP_WD2 via
the Cbus interface.
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RH-47 BB Features & HW Interfaces
RH-47 BB user interface
UI module interface
The UI module consists of the LCD and keymat. Colour display resolution is 176 x 208
and backlighting is via 6 orange LED’s with a lightguide. The display is connected to the
1CK module via an24-pin plug and socket. The keymat is connected to 1CK by 24-pin
board-to-board connector. Interface also includes power rails for keypad backlight. The
keymat interface uses GPIO pins of UPP_WD2.
Figure 3: UI module block diagram
Bluetooth
Bluetooth provides a fully digital link for communication between a master unit and one
or more slave units. The system provides a radio link that offers a high degree of flexibility to support various applications and product scenarios. Data and control interface for
a low power RF module is provided. Data rate is regulated between the master and the
slave.
SIM interface
The SIM interface is located in two chips (UPP_WD2 and UEM). In UEM, there is only
support for one SIM card. The interfaces support both 1.8 V and 3 V SIM cards. Adjustable SIM regulator (1.8V/3.0V) is located in the UEM.
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The data communication between the card and the phone is asynchronous half duplex.
The clock supplied to the card is 3.25 MHz. The data baud rate is SIM card clock frequency divided by 372 (by default), 64, 32 or 16.
MMC interface
The MMC interface consists of a block in UPP_WD2 plus a level shifting device and an
EMC protection ASIP. The MMC interface comprises 3 lines -clock, data and command.
The interface runs at 8.66 MHz. The level shifting device also incorporates a 2.85V regulator to power the MMC card.
Use only multimedia cards (MMC) with this device. Other memory cards, such as Secure
Digital (SD) cards, do not fit in the MMC card slot and are not compatible with this
device.
Using an incompatible memory card may damage the memory card as well as device, and
data stored on the incompatible card may be corrupted.
RH-47 audio concept
RH-47 audio includes earpiece, microphone, and headset connector and MALT speaker.
Audio is based on ASIC's UPP_WD2, UEM and a discrete amplifier for the handsfree
speaker.
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Figure 4: RH-47 Audio Blocks
Between UPP_WD2 and UEM the audio signals are transferred in digital format using
signals MICDATA and EARDATA. The headset output of UEM is also fed to boomer, that is,
the MALT speaker and the headset share the same output lines from UEM. Ringing tones
and warning/info tones are produced with the MALT speaker also.
Earpiece
The earpiece used in RH-47 is an 8-mm Pico earpiece. It has 32Ω continuous impedance
and continuous power 8 mWatt. It is driven by differential signals from the UEM (EARP &
EARN). It makes contact with the PWB via spring contacts.
Microphone
The microphone capsule for RH-47
is an EMC microphone. It has sensitivity of 42db nom-
inal. Contacts are done by springs.
Two inputs are used from the UEM: one for the normal internal microphone and a second
for the headset. The third microphone input is not used, so it is connected to ground via
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capacitors. Microphone bias block in the UEM generates bias voltages for handportable
and handsfree/headset microphones. For both microphone bias outputs (MICB1 &
MICB2), the minimum output voltage is 2.0 Volts and maximum output current is 600
µA. Microphone bias block also includes a low pass filter for the reference voltage used
as an input for the MICB1&2 amplifiers.
Audio amplifier and MALT speaker
The speaker used in RH-47 is a 16mm 8Ω speaker. It can handle 0.2 Watts nominal
power and peak power 0.3 Watts. The component is housed in the B-cover and connects
to the PWB via spring contacts.
HF and HFCM lines of UEM are use to drive the amplifier.
Power amplifier is a differential opamp. The differential output drives the MALT speaker.
The amplifier load impedance is 8 ohm.
The outputs go into a high impedance state when powered down. The amplifier can be
enabled and shut down using a GENIO line from UPP_WD2.
SW controls IHF and earpiece volume via UEM. Gain setting can be done in 2 dB steps,
from –40 to +6 dB. Output sound pressure level of the MALT speaker is controlled by SW
(CBus is used for controlling).
The schematic around the amplifier is presented in RH-47 schematics. The schematic
shows all the filtering needed and also protection components against ESD and EMC.
The supply voltage for the amplifier is taken directly from the battery voltage.
External audio interface
In RH-47, there is headset connector which is a fully differential 4–wire connection.
2. XEARN
4. XEARP
5. HE A D IN T
3. XM IC P
1. XM IC N
The handsfree (HF) driver in the UEM is meant for a headset. In RH-47, the output is
driven in fully differential mode. In the fully differential mode, the HF pin is the negative
output and HFCM pin is the positive output. The gain of the handsfree driver in the differential mode is 6 dB. The earpiece (EARP, EARN) and headset (HF, HFCM) signals are
multiplexed so that the outputs can not be used simultaneously. The HF and HFCM
amplifiers include a transient suppression circuitry.
Figure 5: External Audio Connector
The plug opens a mechanical switch inside the connector between HF and HeadInt lines.
The HeadInt line is pulled up to 2.7V by internal resistor when the switch is open. When
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the plug is not inserted, the voltage in the HeadInt line is <0.8 V caused by internal pull
down resistor in the HF line.
Flashing
SW download in service is implemented by custom tools and SW, kindly refer to Service
Software Instructions and Service Tools sections of the manual.
Testing interfaces
Testing interface electrical specifications
Pin Name Dir Parameter Min Typ Max Unit Notes
1 MBUS <->Vol 0 0.2 0.3*VFlash1 V
Vil (From Prommer) 0 0.2 0.3*VFlash1 V
Voh 0.7*VFlash1 2.7 0.7*VFlash1 V
Vih(From Prommer) 0.7*VFlash1 2.7 VFlash1 V
2 FBusTx -> Vol 0 2.7 0.3*VFlash1 V
Voh 0.7*VFlash1 2.7 VFlash1 V
3 FBusRx <- Vil (From Prommer) 0 2.7 0.3*VFlash1 V
Vih(FromPrommer) 1.89 2.7 VFlash1 V
Abs. Max. Voltage
to Test Pad Referenced to GND
4 VPP To Phone 0 / 2.8 / 12 +/-3%V Prommer
4 VPP To Phone 0 / 2.8 / 12 +/-3%V Prommer
5 GND 0 V VBAT
-0.3V 3.0 V Absolute Max
Voltage limits
to MBUS/
FBUS
4 VPP
Select
4 VPP
Select
GROUND
*Note: VFlash1 is 2.78 +/- 3%
Electrical Specifications for power supply interface in product testing
Pin Name Min Typ Max Unit Notes
1 VBAT 0 3.6 5.1 V
2 BSI 0 2.78 VFlash1 V Internal pullup
3 GND 0 V
Note: VAna & VFlash1 = 2.78 +/-3%
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Extreme voltages
Lithium-Ion battery BL-6C:
• Nominal voltage is 3.7V
• Lower extreme voltage is 2.8V (cut off voltage)
• Higher extreme voltage is 4.2V (charging high limit voltage)
Temperature conditions
Specifications are met within the range of –10C to +55C ambient temperature. Reduced
operation between [-30] and [+60]. Storage temperature range is of –40C to +85C.
Humidity and water resistance
Relative humidity range is 5 … 95%. Condensed or dripping water may cause intermittent malfunctions. Protection against dripping water have to be implemented in (enclosure) mechanics. Continuous dampness causes permanent damage to the module.
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Introduction to RH-47 Baseband Troubleshooting
This document is a guide for localizing and repairing electrical faults in the RH-47
device. First there is a brief guide for fault localizing. Then fault repairing is divided into
troubleshooting paths.
Before any service operation, you must be familiar with the RH-47 product and module
level architecture. You have to be also familiar with the RH-47 specific service tools such
as the Phoenix service software, flashing tools and software.
General guidelines for RH-47 troubleshooting
Tools needed for troubleshooting
• Service tools (as listed at service tools chapter in this service manual)
• Laboratory power supply with current indicator
• Oscilloscope
• Digital multimeter
General guidelines
If the device cannot be turned on by any means, see “dead device” troubleshooting.
Current consumption (missing consumption) gives an idea whether the device is able to
start up.
Dropping supply voltage or very large current consumption indicates a short circuit.
Check whether the connection with Phoenix works and what can be discovered with
Phoenix (ADC-readings, baseband self-test, BB-calibrations etc.).
If “CONTACT SERVICE” is shown on the display, check baseband self-tests with Phoenix.
Check visually display and rocker faults.
Force phone to LOCAL mode and make keyboard test with phoenix.
Check that the board-to-board connector is OK, and connectors make good contacts.
If there is a liquid damage, stop repairing!
If the fault is not obvious and Phoenix connection is OK, flash the phone before disassembling.
Disassemble phone: try to locate failed module.
When located, check the failed module visually:
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