Nokia CMP-40 Users manual

APPLICANT: Lucent Technologies EXHIBIT 3 FCC ID: AS5CMP-40

EXHIBIT 3

Section 2.1033 (c)(3) INSTALLATION AND OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS

A copy of the installation and operating instructions to be furnished the user. A draft copy of the instructions may be submitted if the actual document is not available. The actual document shall be furnished to the FCC when it becomes available.

Response

A copy of the “AUTOPLEX Cellular Telecommunications Systems, System 1000, Series II Cell Site Description, Operation, and Maintenance” manual is attached to this exhibit.

This is the manual for the Series II cell site with EDRU transceivers. Because the SBEDRU is backward compatible to the EDRU, this manual is also applicable to the SBEDRU. Therefore, Lucent Technologies will not issue a new manual. Customers using the SBEDRU will be provided with this current document.

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AUTOPLEX® Cellular Telecommunications Systems System 1000

Series II Cell Site

Description, Operation, and Maintenance

401-660-100 Issue 11 August 2000

Lucent Technologies — Proprietary

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Contents

1 Introduction

Contents 1-1

■

Introduction 1-2

■

General 1-2 Organization 1-2

2 Introduction to Series II Cell Technology

Contents 2-1

■

Introduction 2-2

■

Overview 2-2

Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS) 2-3

■

Time Divi si o n Mu lt ip le A cce s s (TDMA) 2-4

■

TDMA Description 2-4 TDMA Call Processing 2-4 Communication From TDMA Cell Site to TDMA Subscriber Unit2 -5 Communication From TDMA Subscriber Unit to TDMA Cell Site2-6 Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) 2-6 CDMA Cell Site Description 2-7

Cellular Frequency Spectrum Allocation 2-10

■

Advantages of Series II Hardware and Software 2-11

■

Cell Site Equipment Functional Overview 2-12

■

Equipment Frames 2-12 Radio Channel Frames and Radio Equipment Functional Overview2-13 Facilities Interf ace Frame (FIF) 2-18

1-1

1-5

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Figure 2-5.

3 Time Division Multi pl e Ac cess (TDMA)

Contents 3-1

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TDMA Overview 3-3

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TDMA/AMPS Dual-Mode Operation 3-3 TDMA System Access 3-4 TDMA Radio Interface 3- 4 Radio Channel Types 3-4 Digital Control Channel 3-5 Digital Control Channel (DCCH) Forward Link, or

Downlink, Logical Channels 3-5 DCCH Feature Offerings 3-6 Channel Organization for Forward DCCH Superframes3-6 Digital Traffic Channels 3-7 DTC Dedicated Control Channels 3-7 Digital Verification Color Code Channels 3-8 Handoff and Handoff Types 3-8 Mobile-Assisted Handoff Procedure 3-9

HandOff Based on Interference (HOBIT) / INt erference

■

Look-Ahead (INLA) Enhancement s3-11

Switch-Based TDMA Voice Coder/ Decoder (Vocoder) 3-15

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Facilities Concentration 3-15 Cell Sites Supported by the Switch-Based Vocoder feature3-18 Operation, Administration, and Maintenance (OA&M) 3-19 Feature Activation and Install ati on 3-22

Separate Access Thresholds for DCCHs and DTCs (SEPA)3-23

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Two-Branch Intelligent Anntenna (TBIA) 3-27

■

EDRU and DRM implementation of TBIA 3-27

2-19

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TBIA Performance 3-27 TBIA Availability 3-28 TBIA Activation 3-28

4 Code Division Multipl e Access (CDMA)

Contents 4-1

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CDMA Overview 4-4

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Transition to CDMA 4-4 CDMA Advantages Compared with AMPS and TDMA 4-5 Capacity 4-7

CDMA/AMPS Dual-Mode Operation 4-8

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Lucent Technologies CDMA Architectur e 4-9

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Hardware Requirements 4-9 Speech-Handling Equipment at the DCS 4-10 Call Setup 4-12 Radio Equipment 4-14 Cabinet Configurations 4-15 Radios and Radio Equipment 4-24 CRTU Components 4-31 CDMA Series II Configuration Options 4-34 Timing Requirements 4-35

New Features and Upgrades 4-40

■

Cell Site Synchronization Failure Warni ng &

Correction: Phase 1 4-40 New CDMA Cluster Controller (CCC) Board with

Increased SRAM 4 -40

Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Double Density Growth Frame (DDGF)4-42

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3-29

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Contents

CDMA DDGF Description 4-42 DDGF Architecture 4-42 Using the DDGF in a Series II Analog Cell Site 4-47 RFTG 4-52 CDMA DDGF Power Requirements, Distribution, and Calibration4-55 Grounding Requirements 4-59 Connecting the DDGF to Frames in a Series II 4-63 CDMA Radio Test Unit Module and Interface 4-69 Alarms 4-73

5 Series II Cellular CDMA Adjunct to Sm all Cells

Contents 5-1

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CDMA Adjunct 5-3

■

Overview 5-3 High Level Interface for the CDMA Adjunct 5-3 Supported Technologies 5-4 Traffic Capacity 5-5 RF Coverage Area 5-5 Physical Aspects of CDMA Adjunct 5-5 CDMA Adjunct Physical Positioning and External Equipment5-8 CDMA Adjunct to Host Cell Inter-frame Hardware Interfaces5-10 RF Distribution Paths 5-11 Radio Testing 5-16 Transmit Amplifiers 5-19 Input Voltage and Power 5-20 Environmental, Safety, and Handling Requirements 5-21

4-76

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UL and Cell Site A 5-23 Suggested DFI and DS-1 Configurations for use with the CDMA Adjunct5-24

Table 5-7.

6 Series II Cellular Digital Packet Data (CDPD)

Contents 6-1

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CDPD Overview 6-3

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Interfaces 6-3 Typical Configurations 6-6 Hardware 6-8 Detailed Diagrams of Supported Configurations 6-10 Grounding and Lightning Protection 6-23 Related Documentation 6-23

Table 6-2.

5-25

6-1

6-25

7 Mini, Micro, and Fiber-Link Series II Cell Site Options

Contents 7-1

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General 7-2

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Series IIe Cell Site 7-4

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Compact Base Station (CBS) 7-6

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CBS Documents 7-7

Series IIm T1/E1 MiniCell 7-8

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7-1

Contents

Installing the TRTU and DRU(s) 7-8 Installing the T-EDRU and EDRU(s) 7-8 Cabinet Descriptions 7-8 Series IIm T1/E1 Minicell Documentation 7-8

Series IImm T1/E1 MicroCell 7-9

■

AMPS/TDMA Mix with DRU Radios 7 -9 AMPS/TDMA Mix with EDRU Radios 7-10 Radio Self Power Upgade 7-10 Restoring Cell to Service 7 -12

8 Series II Cell Site Equipment Desc ript ion s

Contents 8-1

■

General 8-4

■

Radio Channel Frame (RCF) Description 8-5

■

Series II Cell Site Radio Control Complex (RCC) Buses8-11 Series II Cell Site Radio Channel Unit Shelves ED-2R833-308-17 Radio Shelf Power Upgrade 8-20 Series II Cell Site Fan Panel Assembly

ED-2R824-31 8-28 Series II Cell Site Radio Test Unit Shelf 3

ED-2R835-30 8-29 Series II Cell Site Radio Channel Unit Shelves 4 and 5 ED-2R834-308-30 Series II Cell Site Interconnection Panel Assembly ED-2R831-308-31 Series II Cell Site Busbar Assembly Unit, KS24355, L18-39

Series II Mobile Switching Center (MSC) Int e rface 8-41

■

Series II Cell Site Linear Amplifi er Frame (LAF) 8-44

■

Series II Cell Site Linear Amplifier Circuit J41660CA-18-46

7-13

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Series II Cell Site Linear Amplifier Module ED-2R840-308-52 Series II Cell Site Linear Amplifier Unit (LAU) 8-53 Series II Cell Site, 20-LAM LAC Versus 10-LAM LAC 8- 55 Series II Cell Site Linearizer Unit ED-2R841-30 8-56

Series II Cell Site Frame Interface Assembly ED-2R838-308-61

■

Series II Cell Site Antenna Interface Frame (AIF), Overview8-64

■

Series II Cell Site Reference Frequency Generator (RFG) Shelf8-69 Series II Cell Site Radio Switch Panel 8-76 Series II Cell Site Receive, Alarm, and Power Distribution Panel ED 2R851-30

8-76 Series II Cell Site Receive and Power Distribution Panel ED-2R853-318-77 Series II Cell Site Duplexer Filter Panel

ED-2R848-31 8-77 Series II Cell Site Receive Filter Panel

ED-2R846-31 8-78 Series II Cell Site Transmit Filter Panel ED-2R847-31 8-79

Series II Cell Site Equipment Summary 8-83

■

Series II Cell Site, Related Documentation 8-84

Table 8-16.

9 Radios

Contents 9-1

■

Introduction 9-3

■

AMPS Radio Units and Personality Types 9-4

■

TDMA Radio Units and Personality Types 9-8

■

8-86

9-1

Radio Channel Unit (RCU) 9-4 Radio Test Unit (RTU) 9-7

Digital Radio Unit (DRU) 9-8

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Enhanced Digital Radio Unit (EDRU) 9-8 Digital Radio Personality Types 9-8 DRU - Detailed Description 9-10 EDRU - Detailed Description 9-11 Series II Cell Site, Enhanced Digital Radio Unit (EDRU) Interfaces9-14 Enhanced Digital Radio Unit (EDRU) Reliabi lity, Feder al Communications Com-

mission (FCC), and Safety Features 9-16 Directional Setup and Beacon Channels 9-16 TDMA Radio Test Unit (TRTU) 9-17 Test Enhanced Digital Radio Unit (T-EDRU), Feature I Dentif ication (FI D) # 2775

9-18

CDMA Radio Maintenance Units and Personality Types 9-23

■

Pilot/Sync/Access Channel Element (CE) 9-24 Page CE 9-24 Traffic CE 9-24 Orthogonal-channel Noise Simulator CE 9-25

Figure 9-2.

10 Antenna Hardware Configurations

Contents 10-1

■

Introduction 10-3

■

Fixed Antenna Connection Configuration 10-5 3-Sector Directive Plus Omni Antenna Switching Configuration10-8 6-Sector Directive Plus Omni Antenna Switching with Dual-Radio Solution10-9 3- or 6-Sector Directional Antenna Switchi ng wit h Simul cast Setup10-9 All-Omnidirectional Configuration 10-9 All-Directional Configuration 10-10

Radio Transmission and Reception 10-13

■

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RF Transmitter Interfaces 10-13 R F R eceiver Interf ace s 10-14 2 Branch Intelligent Antenna, Featur e IDentification (FID) #314510-14 The Adaptive Interference Rejection Technique 10-15

11 Cell Site Hardware Functions and Interconnections

Contents 11-1

■

Introduction 11-5

■

Radio Control Complex (RCC) 11-5 Digital Signal (DS1) Units 11-6 Digital Facilities Int erface (DFI) Units 11-6 Clock And Tone (CAT) Units 11-7 Radio Frame Set 11-7 RCF Architecture and Bus Structure 11-9

Data Link and Voice

■

Path Connections1 1-14

T1/E1 Communications 11-14

Line Interface Connections at t he Cell 11-17

■

Data Link Configurations 11-21

■

One DS1/DFI Unit and One Data Link 11-21 One DS1/DFI Unit and Two Data Links 11-21 Two DS1/DFI Units and Two Data Links 11-21 Remote Data Link Reconfiguration 1 1-21

External Interfaces to the Series II Cell Site 11-22

■

Voice Trunks from the Digital Cellular Switch (DCS) 11-22 Time Division Multiplexed Buses 11-22

10-18

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Contents

TDM Bus Communications: the Archangel/Angel Concept 11-26

■

Angel 11-27 Archangel 11-27

Sanity And Control Interface 11-28

■

NPE and SNPE 11-31

■

Synchronization of the Cell Site to the MSC 11-32

■

TDMCKSEL 11-36 TDMCKFAIL 11-36 TDMCLK 11-36 TDMFR 11-36 TDMSYNC1 11-36 TDMSYNC2 11-36

Mobile Switching Center (MSC) to Cell Site Communications11-37

■

DS1, DFI, and CAT Circuit Descriptions 11-38

■

DS1 (TN171) Circuit Description 11-38 DFI (TN3500) Circuit Description 11-38 DFI (TN1713B) Circuit Operation 11-40

DFI Initialization Message for T1 Operation 11-42

■

D 4 o r ES F F raming 11-42

DFI Initialization Message for E1 Operation 11-48

■

CEPT Framing with or without CRC-4 Error Checking 11-48 CCS or CAS Signaling Mode 11-48 HDB3 or Transparent Line Format 11-50 Enable or Disable On-demand LLB or BLB Control 11-50 Select Synchronization Reference 11-50 Select Idle Code 11-50 DFI Network-Update Talk Message 11-50 DFI Network-Update Listen Message 11-50

DFI Status Indicators 11-51

■

R ed LED 11-51 Yellow LED 11-51 Green LED 11- 51

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CAT (TN170) Circuit Description 11-52

■

Bus Clock Generation and Monitoring for the TDM Bus 11-55

■

Maintenance Tone Generation 11-56

■

Maintenance Tone Detection and Measurement 11-57

CAT Status Indicators 11-58

■

R ed LED 11-58 Green LED 11- 58

Automatic Recovery Actions 11-59

■

Hardware Error Handling Strategy 11-60

■

Immediate Action 11-60 All Tests Pass (ATP) Analysis 11-60 Single Time-period Analysis 11- 60 Fail/Pass Analysis 1 1-60 Leaky Bucket Analysis 11 -61

RCC Hardware Errors and Recovery Actions 11-62

■

DS1/DFI Hardware Errors and Recovery Actions 11-63

■

DS1/DFI and T1 Errors—Detailed Description 11-64

■

Loss Of Signal (LOS) 11-64 Blue Alarm 11-64 R ed Ala rm 11-64 M ajor Alarm 11-65 Yellow Alarm 11-65

Fan Alarms 11-66

■

Preamp Fan 11-66 LineariZeR Fan Procedure 11-66 LAU Fan Procedure 11-67 Measuring the Linear Amplifier Unit (LAU) Fan Voltage11-67

DS1 E rro rs 11-68

■

Minor Alarm 11-68 Misframe Count 11-68

DFI and E1 Errors - Detailed Description 11-69

■

Loss Of Signal (LOS) 11-69

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Alarm Indication Signal (AIS) 11-69 Loss of Frame Alignment (LFA) 11-69 Loss of Multiframe Alignment (LMA) 11-70 10e-3 Error-ratio Alarm 11-70 Remote Frame Alarm (RFA) 11-70 Remote Multiframe Alarm (RMA) 1 1-71 10e-6 Error-Ratio Alarm 11-71 Slip Count 11-71

CAT Hardware Errors and Recovery Actions 11-72

■

Call-Processing Errors and Recover y Actions 11-72

12 Routine Maintenance and Radio Performance Tests

Contents 12-1

■

Maintenance Process 12-3

■

Maintenance Objective 12-3 Maintenance Activities 12-3 Preventive Maintenance 12-3 Routine Maintenance 12-3 Maintenance Assumptions 12-4 Routine Maintenance Procedures List 12-5 Fan Screen Cleaning 12-6

Radio Performance Testing 12-7

■

Radio Test Overview 12-7 Radio Pretest Procedure 12-7 Cable Loss Measurement 12-9 Power Measurement 12-12 Voice 1004 Hz Deviation Measurement 12-13 Post Test Procedure 12-15 Transmitter Output Power Verification 12-16 Transmitter Output Power Adjustment 12-16

12-1

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Table 12-8.

13 Enhanced Maintenance Features

Contents 13-1

■

Improved Boot Read-Only Memory (ROM) / Non-Volatile Memory (NVM) Update

■

13-2

NVM Image for Single-Board RCU (SBRCU) 13-3

■

Keying Multiple RCU Transmitters 13-4

■

Opening Transmit and Receive Audio 13-5

■

Cell Site Power Measurements 13-6

■

Transmit and Receive Audio Level Measurements 13-7

■

Supervisory Audio and Signaling Tone Detecti on 13-8

■

Remote Data Link Reconfiguration 13-9

■

12-40

13-1

13-10

14 Corrective Maintenance - Introdu ction

Contents 14-1

■

Status Display Pages 14-2 ECP Craft Shell 14-2 Maintenance Request Administrator 14-3

Maintenance Units 14-4

■

AMPS Radio Maintenance Units and Personality Types14-6 TDMA Radio Maintenance Units and Personality Types14-7 CDMA Radio Maintenance Units and Personality Types14-9

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Contents

Maintenance States 14-12

■

Maintenance states 14-12

Figure 14-3.

15 Corrective Maintenance usin g MRA

Contents 15-1

■

Maintenance Request Administrator (MRA) 15-2

■

Diagnose 15-3

■

Related Documents 15-4 Stop a Diagnostic 15-4 Obtain Status 15-4 Related Documents 15-4 Qualifiers Associated with the Out-Of-Service (OOS) State1 5-4

Dual Server Group Out-Of-Service (OOS) Limits 15-6

■

New RC/V Translation Parameters 15-6

Remove/Restore/Switch Actions 15-7

■

Conditional Remove 15-7 Unconditional Remove 15-11 Conditional and Unconditional Restore 15-13 Related Documents 15-16 Switch to a Redundant Unit 15-16 Related Documents 15-17

14-14

15-1

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Figure 15-11.

16 Corrective Maintenance using Status Display Page s

Contents 16-1

■

Status Display Pages 16-3

■

2130 - Cell Site Status Summary Display Page 16-3 2131 - Cell Equipment Status Display Page 16-5 2131 - Removing Cell Site Units 16-9 2131 - Restoring Cell Site Units 16-11 2131 - Diagnosing Cell Equipment 16-12 2131 - Generating Cell Equipment Status Repor ts 1 6-14 2132 - Cell Software Status Display Page 16-15 2133 - Cell Voice Radio (VR) Status Display Page 16-18 2134 - Cell DS-1 Unit Status Display Page 16- 24 2134 - Removing/Restoring/Diagnos ing or

Generating a Status Report for DS1/DFI Units 16-26 2135 -Cell LC SU /BC Status Display Page 16-27 2135 - Removing/Restoring/ Diagnosing or Generating a Status Report for Lo-

cate or Setup Radios 16-31 2136 - Cell LAC Status Display Page 16-33 2137 - Cell OTU/LMT Status Display Page 16 -33 2138 - Cell CDMA Equipment

Status Display Page 16-36 2139 - Cell CCC CCU Status Display Page 16-42 2235 - Cell DCCH Status Display Page 16-48 2235 - Restoring/Diagnosing or Generating Status Reports for DCCH Radios

16-50 Dual Server Group Out-Of-Service (OOS) Limits 16-51

15-28

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17 Corrective Maintenance usin g ECP Craft In terfac e

Contents 17-1

■

ECP Craft Shell 17-3

■

Generating Cell Site Units/Radios/Alarms Status Reports17-3 Removing Cell Site Units 17-4 Restoring Cell Site Units 17-6 Diagnosing Cell Site Units 17-8 Stopping Cell Site Unit Diagnostics 17-10 Moving Cell Site Radios 17-11 Moving CDMA Calls to a Specified

Channel Element 17-12 Swapping CDMA Spectrum to/from

AMPS/TDMA 17-14 Generating Status Reports of Spectrum Swap of CDMA to/from AMPS/TDMA

17-15 Running Cell Site Audits 17-16 Diagnosing Cell Site Data Links 17-17 Stopping Cell Site Data Link Diagnostics 17-19 Diagnosing Cell Site Trunks Associated with a Se rver Group and Antenna Face

(Non-CDMA) 17-20 Stopping Diagnostics on Cell Site Trunks Associated with a Server Group and

Antenna Face 17- 21 Requesting Cell Site Data Link NVM Updates 17-22 Requesting Cell Site Hardware Unit NVM Updates 17-23 Initializ in g C e ll S it es 17-24 Initializing, Setting Up, and Using OCNS at CDMA Cell Sites17-26 Expansion of Maintenance Request Administ rator (MRA) and Technician Inter-

face Information Fields (MRAINFO/TI INFO), Feature IDentification (FID)

#3461.0 17-28

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18 Alarm Collection and Reportin g

Contents 18-1

■

Introduction 18-3

■

Equipment Alarms 18 -4 User-Defined Alarms 18-14

Increased Cell Alarms Enhancement 18- 16

■

New Hardware for the Increased Cell Alarms Enhancement18-17 New Translations for the Increased Cell Alarms Enhancement18-18 Directional Setup 18-18

Alarm Scanning Redesign 18-21

■

Introduction 18-21 Scope 18-22 C us tome r Perspecti ve 18-23 Features 18-23 Cell Site Functions 18-23 MSC Functions 18-24 CDMA Transmit Unit (CTU) and Receive Unit (RU) Separate Alarms18-27 Performance & Capacity 18-29

17-30

18-1

19 Cell Site Hardware LED Descriptions

Contents 19-1

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Contents

LED Descriptions Table 19-2

■

Table 19-1.

19-10

20 AMapping Status Display Page Unit Numbers to Hardware

Contents 20-1

■

Introduction 20-2

■

Logical-to-Physical Mappings of Generic Cell Site Units20-2 Logical-to-Physical Mappings of CDMA-Specific Cell Site Units20-8

Figure 20-15.

21 CDMA Maintenance

Contents 21-1

■

Introduction 21-3

■

CRTU and CDMA Functional Testing 21- 3 CRTU Components 21-4 Subscriber and Feature Inform ati on Form 21 -8 Cell Equipage Component Location Form 21-9 2132 - Cell Software Status Display Page 21-10

Command and Report Changes to Support the CRTU 21-12

■

CRTU Growth Procedures 21-14

■

CDMA Functional Tests 21-15 Default Interval Values 21-17

20-20

21-1

20-1

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Transmit and Receive Test Paths 21-17 MOST-Terminated Test Calls 21-18 Overhead Channel Functional Test 21-19 Functional Test Errors and System Recovery Acti ons 21-25 General Errors 21-25 Overhead Channel Functional Test Errors 21-25

22 Linear Amplifier Circuit (LAC) M aintenance

Contents 22-1

■

LAC Maintenance Procedures 22-3

■

LAC Alarm Summary: LACSUM 22-4 LAC Alarm Detailed Report: LACALM 22-5 Interpreting the LAC Alarm Reports 22-7 Troubleshooting Procedures at the Cell Site 22-13 LAM Alarm Procedures 22-15 Preamp Alarm Procedure 22-19 LAM Bias Fault Procedure 22-33 Fan Alarm Procedure 22-34 Linear Amplifier Circuit Removal/I nstallation Procedures22-59 Linear Amplifier Circuit Fans Removal/Installation Procedures22-69

21-29

22-1

21.

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Figures

1 Introduction

2 Introduction to Series II Cell Technology

2-1 TDMA - DRU/ EDRU To/From Subscriber 2-6 2-2 CDMA System Components 2-8 2-3 Cell Site Architecture 2-13 2-4 Radio Channel Frames 2-14 2-5 Series II CDMA Radio Channel Frame (RCF) 2-17

Figure 2-5.

3 Time Division Multi pl e Ac cess (TDMA)

4 Code Division Multipl e Access (CDMA)

4-1 High-Level View of the Lucent Technologies CDMA Architecture4-9

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Figures

4-2 Series II Cell Site Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)

Communications Path4-13 4-3 CDMA Cell Site Equipment 4-16 4-4 Radio Frame Set Having Two CDMA Growth RCFs (TDMs install "red stripe up" )

4-18 4-5 Physical View of TDM Buses at the CDMA Series II Cell Site (TDMs install "red

stripe up") (Sheet 1 of 3)4-19 4-6 Physical View of TDM Buses at the CDMA Series II Cell Site (TDMs install "red

stripe up") (Sheet 2 of 3)4-20 4-7 Physical View of TDM Buses at the CDMA Series II Cell Site (TDMs install "red

stripe up") (Sheet 3 of 3)4-21 4-8 Fully Loaded CDMA Radio Shelf With BBA Redundancy4-22 4-9 CDMA Radio Architecture 4-28 4-10 High-Level View of the CRTU Test System 4-33 4-11 CDMA Subcell Configuration—BBA Interconnections Shown Only For One Side

(Side 1, Side 2)4-34 4-12 Reference Frequency and Timing Generator (RFTG)4-39 4-13 Quadrant and Half-shelf Numbering of DDGF (Front View)4-43 4-14 Illustration of Circuit Packs Populating the CRC 4-44 4-15 Configuration 3: AIF, LAF, and SII Primary, with DDGF as 1st CDMA Growth

Frame4-49 4-16 Configuration 4: AIF, LAF, SII Primary, SII CDMA Growth, with DDGF as 2nd

CDMA Growth Frame4-50 4-17 Configuration 5: AIF, LAF, SII Primary, SII Analog

(i.e., non-CDMA) Growth, with DDGF as 2nd Growth

Frame and 1st CDMA Growth Frame4-51 4-18 15-MHz Reference Frequency Distribution Scheme4-53 4-19 Reference Frequency and Timing Generator (RFTG)4-54 4-20 Double Density Growth Frame (top panel removed to expose ci rcuit breakers -

Rear View)4-60 4-21 Frame Ground From Adjacent Cabinet 4-61 4-22 Ground Wire Connections Between Frames 4-62 4-23 DDGF IPA 4-64 4-24 Top of LAF 0, MLAC Power Divider Inputs 4-65 4-25 Top of LAF 1, MLAC Power Divider Input 4-66

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Figures

4-26 Top of AIF 0, RX 0, and RX 1 Power Divider Outputs (front view)4-67 4-27 Top of AIF 1, RX 0, and RX 1 Power Divider Outputs4-68 4-28 TDM Bus I nstal lati on. TDM bus cabl es are i nstall ed "red s trip e up." (Conf igura tion

3)4-70

4-29 TDM Bus Installation . TDM bus cables are i nstalled "red s tripe up." (Conf igurations

4 and 5)4-71 4-30 CDMA Radio Test Unit Module 4-72

5 Series II Cellular CDMA Adjunct to Sm all Cells

5-1 CDMA Adjunct Frame External Interfaces 5-4 5-2 CDMA Adjunct Frame 5-6 5-3 CDMA Adjunct Frame LineUp 5-8 5-4 CDMA Adjunct Antenna Connections 5-10 5-5 CDMA Adjunct Frame External Interfaces 5-11 5-6 CDMA Adjunct/Host Cell Transmit Path 5-12 5-7 Series IImm (Microcell)/CDMA Adjunct Transmit (Tx) Path Using Series IImm

(Microce ll) Amplifie r5 - 1 4 5-8 CDMA Adjunct/Host Cell Receive Paths 5-15 5-9 Test Radio Switch Panel (TRSP) 5-18 5-10 CDMA Adjunct Receiver Paths 5-20 5-11 CDMA Transmit Path (Smm Only) 5-21

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Figures

Table 5-7.

6 Series II Cellular Digital Packet Data (CDPD)

6-1 Series II CDPD Connections 6-3 6-2 One CDPD Channel per Sector 6-6 6-3 Two to Four CDPD Channels per Sector 6-7 6-4 CDPD with Omni Setup 6-8 6-5 Functional Diagram 6-10 6-6 One Modem Transceiver Per Sector, One LAC per Sector -

Directional Setup6-12 6-7 One Modem Transceiver per Sector, Multiple LACs per Sector -

Sniffing on One LAC - Directional Setup6-13 6-8 One Modem Transceiver per Sector, Multiple LACs per Sector -

Sniffing on Multiple LACs - Directional Setup6-14 6-9 One Modem Transceiver per Sector, One LAC per Sector -

Omnidirectional Setup6-15 6-10 One Modem Transceiver per Sector, Multiple LACs per Sector -

Sniffing on One LAC - Omnidirectional Setup6-16 6-11 One Modem Transceiver per Sector, Multiple LACs per Sector -

Sniffing on Multiple LACs - Omnidirectional Setup6-17 6-12 Multiple Modem Transceiver per Sect or, One LAC per Sector -

Directional Setup6-18 6-13 Mul tiple Modem Transceiver per Sector, Multiple LACs per Sector - Sniffi ng on One

LAC - Directional Setup6-19 6-14 Multiple Modem Transceiver per Sector, Multiple LACs per Sector - Sniffing on

Multiple LACs - Directional Setup6-20 6-15 Multiple Modem Transceiver per Sector, One LAC per Sector - Omnidirectional

Setup6-21 6-16 Mul tiple Modem Transceiver per Sector, Multiple LACs per Sector - Sniffi ng on One

LAC - Omnidirectional Setup6-22 6-17 Multiple Modem Transceiver per Sector, Multiple LACs per Sector - Sniffing on

Multiple LACs - Omnidirectional Setup6-23

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Figures

Table 6-2.

7 Mini, Micro, and Fiber-Link Series II Cell Site Options

7-1 Series IIe Radio Frame Set 7-5 7-2 Series II Compact Base Station (CBS) Hardware Architecture7-7

8 Series II Cell Site Equipment Desc ript ion s

8-1 Primary Radio Channel Frame J41660A-2 8-6 8-2 Growth Radio Channel Frame (J41660B-2) 8-7 8-3 Radio Control Complex (RCC) - Shelf 0 ED-2R832-308-14 8-4 Radio Channel Unit - Shelf 1, Shelf 2 ED-2R833-30 (Figur e 1 of 2)8-18 8-5 Radio Channel Unit (Rear View) - Shelf 1, Shelf 2 ED-2R833-30 (Figure 2 of 2)

8-19 8-6 Fan Panel Assembly ED-2R824-31 8-28 8-7 Radio Test Unit (RTU) - Shelf 3 ED-2R835-30 8-29 8-8 Radio Channel Unit - Shelf 4, Shelf 5 ED-2R834-308-30 8-9 Radio Channel Unit (Rear View) - Shelf 4, Shelf 5 ED-2R834-308-31 8-10 Interconnection Panel ED-2R831-30 8-32 8-11 Interconnection Panel ED-2R831-30 8-33 8-12 Radi o Test Unit (RTU) Control Board (AYD8) and Switch Asse mbly (ED3R026-30)

Location8-42 8-13 Linear Amplifier Frame (LAF) (J41660C-1) 8-45 8-14 Linear Amplifier Frame (LAF) (Doors Removed) 8-46 8-15 Linear Amplifier Circuit (LAC), Front View 8-48

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Figures

8-16 LAC Functional Diagram 8-50 8-17 Linear Amplifier Module (LAM) 8-53 8-18 Linear Amplifier Unit ED-2R839-30 8-54 8-19 Location of LAM Fuses, LEDs, and the 10/20 Switch (on C-Series LACs)8-55 8-20 Linearizer (LZR) Unit ED-2R841-30 8-57 8-21 Linearizer Unit ED-2R841-30 8-58 8-22 Linearizer Unit ED-2R841-30 8-59 8-23 Linearizer Faceplate with the Fr ont Gri lle Removed 8-60 8-24 Frame Interface Assembly ED-2R838-30 8-62 8-25 Frame Interface Assembly ED-2R838-30 8-63 8-26 Antenna Interface Frame (AIF) Functional Diagram8-64 8-27 Antenna Interface Frame (AIF) Functional Architecture8-65 8-28 Antenna Interface Frame (AIF) Functional Diagram 8-66 8-29 Antenna Interface Frame (AIF) Functional Diagram 8-67 8-30 Antenna Interface Growth Frame (AIF) Functional Diagram8-68 8-31 Primary Antenna Interface Frame (AIF) J41660E-2 8-72 8-32 Primary Antenna Interface Frame J41660E-2 8-73 8-33 Growth Antenna Interface Frame J41660F -2 8-74 8-34 Growth Antenna Interface Frame J41660F-2 8-75

Table 8-16.

9 Radios

9-1 AMPS Radio Maintenance Units and Personality Types9-4 9-2 CDMA Radio Maintenance Units and Personality Types9- 24

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Figures

Figure 9-2.

10 Antenna Hardware Configurations

10-1 Series II Cell Site Antenna Configurations 10-4 10-2 Interconnection Panel Assembly 10-6 10-3 Antenna Interface 10-7 10-4 Primary RCF Switch Antenna Connector 10-8 10-5 Mapping of Antenna Faces to Antenna Sets for the

Various Setup Options10-10 10-6 Omnidirectional Cell Site Having Seven Tra nsmit Antennas10-11 10-7 Antenna Coupler 10-14

11 Cell Site Hardware Functions and Interconnections

11-1 Series II Cell Site Architecture 11-5 11-2 Radio Frame Set Architecture and Bus Structure 11-7 11-3 Physical View of TDM Buses (Sheet 1 of 3) 11-10 11-4 Physical View of TDM Buses (Sheet 2 of 3) 11-11 11-5 Physical View of TDM Buses (Sheet 3 of 3) 11-12 11-6 Data Link and Voice Paths—Example 11-15 11-7 T1/DS1 Transmission Format and RCF TDM Bus Transmission Format11-18 11-8 E1/CEPT Transmission Format and RCF TDM Bus Transmission Format11-19 11-9 TDM-Bus Interface Circuitry for the NCI—TDM Bus Archangel11-23 11-10 TDM-Bus Interface Circuitry for the CPI—TDM Bus Angel11-26 11-11 SAKI and SNPE Interface 11-29

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Figures

11-12 Synchronization References for TDM0 and TDM1—Example11-33 11-13 Synchronization of TDM0 to the MSC 11-35 11-14 Primary Access Controller/Framer 11-40 11-15 Information Sheets for T1 D4 and ESF Framing Format

(Sheet 1 of 3)11-43 11-16 Information Sheets for T1 D4 and ESF Framing Format

(Sheet 2 of 3)11-44 11-17 Information Sheets for T1 D4 and ESF Framing Format

(Sheet 3 of 3)11-45 11-18 Information Sheets for CCITT CEPT Frame Format

With and Without CRC-411-49 11-19 CAT Block Diagram (Sheet 1 of 2) 11-53 11-20 CAT Block Diagram (Sheet 2 of 2) 11-54

12 Routine Maintenance and Radio Performance Tests

12-1 Voice Channel Test Paths 12-8 12-2 Voice Channel Test Paths 12-9

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Figures

Table 12-8.

13 Enhanced Maintenance Features

14 Corrective Maintenance - Introdu ction

14-1 AMPS Radio Main tenance Units and Personality Type14-7 14-2 TDMA Radio Mai ntenance Units and Personality Types1 4-9 14-3 CDMA Radio Maintenance Units and Personality Types14-11

Figure 14-3.

15 Corrective Maintenance usin g MRA

15-1 Remove Flow of Voice Radio RCU, SBRCU, DRU, or EDRU (Sheet 1 of 3)15-17 15-2 Remove Flow of Voice Radio RCU, SBRCU, DRU, or EDRU (Sheet 1 of 3)15-18 15-3 Remove Fl ow of Voice Radio RCU, SBRCU, DRU, or EDRU (Sheet 3 of

3)15-19 15-4 Remove Flow of CCC (Sheet 1 of 3) 15-20 15-5 Remove Flow of CCC (Sheet 2 of 3) 15-21 15-6 Remove Flow of CCC (Sheet 3 of 3) 15-22 15-7 Remove Flow of CCU (Sheet 1 of 3) 15-23

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Figures

15-8 Remove Flow of CCU (Sheet 2 of 3) 15-24 15-9 Remove Flow of CCU (Sheet 3 of 3) 15-25 15-10 Remove Flow of BBA (Sheet 1 of 3) 15-26 15-11 Remove Flow of BBA (Sheet 2 of 3) 15-27

Figure 15-11.

16 Corrective Maintenance using Status Display Page s

16-1 Example of 2130 - Cell Site Status Summary Page 16-4 16-2 Example of 2131 - Series II Cell Site Equipment Status Page16-6 16-3 Example of 2132 - Series II Cell Site Software Status Page

- ECP Release 9.016-16 16-4 Computer Terminal Screen: 2133 - Series II Cel l VR Status Page16-21 16-5 Example of 2134 - Series II Cell Site DS-1 Unit Status Page16-25 16-6 Example of 2135 - Series II Cell Site LC/SU/BC Status Page

(Locate Radio Version)16-29

16-7 Example of 2135 - Series II Cell Site LC/SU/BC Status Page

Setup Radio Version)16-30 16-8 Example of 2136 - Series II Cell Site LAC Status Display Page16-33 16-9 Example of 2137 - Series II Cell Site OTU/LMT Status Page16-35 16-10 Example of 2138 - Series II Cell Site CDMA Equipment Status Page16-38 16-11 Example of 2139 - Series II Cell Site CCC CCU Status Page16-44 16-12 Example of 2235 - Series II Cell Site DCCH Status Page16-49

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Figures

17 Corrective Maintenance usin g ECP Craft In terfac e

18 Alarm Collection and Reportin g

18-1 Alarm Cabling in the Primary RCF 18-4 18-2 AFI Block Diagram 18-7 18-3 RCG, Receive Preamplifier, and RFG Alarm Devices18-8 18-4 Alarm Monitoring and Storage in the Primary RCF (Sheet 1 of 2)18-9 18-5 Alarm Monitoring and Storage in the Primary RCF (Sheet 2 of 2)18-10 18-6 Alarm Connections Via the AAI J2 Ribbon-Type Connector18-11 18-7 Alarm Connections Via the AAI J3, J4, and J5 Terminal Blocks18-12 18-8 Radio Channel Frame (RCF) Receiver Radio Frequency (RF) I nterfaces

(Switchable Antenna Connection)18-20

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Figures

19 Cell Site Hardware LED Descriptions

Table 19-1.

20 AMapping Status Display Page Unit Numbers to Hardware

20-1 Logical-to-Physical Unit Mapping for the RCC, DS1, and CAT in

Primary RCF20-4 20-2 Logical-to-Physica l Uni t Mapping for the DS1 20-5 20-3 Logical-to-Physica l Uni t Mapping for the CAT (Sheet 1 of 3)20-6 20-4 Logical-to-Physica l Uni t Mapping for the CAT (Sheet 2 of 3)20-7 20-5 Logical-to-Physica l Uni t Mapping for the CAT (Sheet 3 of 3)20-8 20-6 Logical-to-Physical Unit Mappin g for the CCC (Sheet 1 of 2)20-10 20-7 Logical-to-Physical Unit Mappin g for the CCC (Sheet 2 of 2)20-11 20-8 Logical-to-Physical Unit Mappin g for the BBA (Sheet 1 of 2)20-12 20-9 Logical-to-Physical Unit Mappin g for the BBA (Sheet 2 of 2)20-13 20-10 Logical-to-Physical Unit Mapping for the DFI/DS1 and SCT/CAT

(Sheet 1 of 6)20-14 20-11 Logical-to-Physical Unit Mapping for the DFI/DS1 and SCT/CAT

(Sheet 2 of 6)20-15 20-12 Logical-to-Physical Unit Mapping for the DFI/DS1 and SCT/CAT

(Sheet 3 of 6)20-16 20-13 Logical-to-Physical Unit Mapping for the DFI/DS1 and SCT/CAT

(Sheet 4 of 6)20-17 20-14 Logical-to-Physical Unit Mapping for the DFI/DS1 and SCT/CAT

(Sheet 5 of 6)20-18

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Figures

20-15 Logical-to-Physical Unit Mapping for the DFI/DS1 and SCT/CAT) (Sheet 6 of 6)

20-19

Figure 20-15.

21 CDMA Maintenance

21-1 High-Level View of the CRTU Test System 21-4 21-2 RF Transmit Path Setup for CDMA Functional Tests at

the Series II Cell Site21-6 21-3 RF Diversity 0 Receive Path Setup for CDMA Functional Tests at

the Series II Cell Site21-18

22 Linear Amplifier Circuit (LAC) M aintenance

22-1 Front View of the LAC 22-10 22-2 LAMs Powered by Common Breakers 22-18 22-3 Location of LAM Fuses, LEDs, and the 10/20 Switch (on C-Series LACs)22-19 22-4 Flowchart of the Preamplifier Diagnostic Procedure22-21 22-5 Setting the LAC Address 22-23 22-6 Location of the Alarm Cable Connector at Top of the RCF22-28 22-7 Location of the AYD5 Paddle Board on the RCC Backplane22-30 22-8 UN166 AFI Board Test Points 22-31 22-9 Location of the LAC Alarm Cable Connector 22-32 22-10 Location of the FAC/FLD Switch and Microprocessor Access Port (Cover

Removed)22-33

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Figures

22-11 View of the Linearizer Faceplate with the Front Grille Removed22-35 22-12 Measuring the LAU Fan Voltage 22-37 22-13 Location of AYG3 Circuit Pack Fuses F7 and F8 (Cover Plate Removed)22-42 22-14 Linear Amplifier Circuit (LAC), Front View 22-44 22-15 Linear Amplifier Frame (LAF) (Doors Removed) 22-67 22-16 Linear Amplifier Unit 22-68 22-17 LAM 22-71 22-18 Disconnect the ribbon cable from the printed circui t boar d (donut)22-72 22-19 Unscrew the LAM from its standoff 22-73 22-20 RF connectors on each LAM 22-74 22-21 Disconnect the remaining ribbon connectors from the donut board22-75 22-22 Remove the printed circuit board (donut) from the standoffs22-7 6 22-23 Disconnect D-Shell connector located behind the donut board22-77 22-24 Push the printed donut board to the right side 22-78 22-25 Remove and save silver standoffs and washers 22-79 22-26 Cut the three cables (black, red, blue) to each fan 22-81 22-27 Remove both fans 22-82 22-28 Identify LAC where the malfunctioning linearizer fan resi des22-84 22-29 Linearizer fan fuse 22-85 22-30 Linearizer faceplate 22-86 22-31 Fan Mounting Plate 22-87 22-32 Cabling by Color (Red To Red, Black To Black, Blue To Blue)22-89

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Introduction

Contents

Contents 1-1

■

Introduction 1-2

■

General 1-2 Organization 1-2

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1-1

Introduction

General

Organization

This document has been made current to Executive Cel lul ar Processor (ECP) Release 14.0.

The contents of each chapter in this document are descri bed in t he following list.

Chapter 2 introduces the user to the Cell Site architecture and its

■

interaction with other parts of the system, the availabil ity and use of bandwidth, the call handling process, and the advantages of Series II hardware and software.

Chapter 3 is a detailed look as the Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)

■

system, so that the ne w-hire, manager, or engineer obtains an in-depth understanding of TDMA technolog y and why, when, wher e, and how to implement it.

Chapter 4 is a detailed look as the Code Division Multiple Acces s (CDMA)

■

system, so that, again, the ne w-hire, manager, or engineer obtains an indepth understanding of CDMA technolog y and why, when, where, and how to implement it.

Chapter 5 introduces a new product, the CDMA Adjunct to Small Cells,

■

which is used to add CDMA capability to the Series IIm (Minicell) and Series IImm (Microcell).

Chapter 6 covers the Cellular Digital P acket Data (CDPD) service, which

■

enables the service provider to offer wireless data services. Se ve r al CDPD configurations are offered in this chapter.

Chapter 7 cove rs other technology options available for the Series II

■

system. Including the use of fi beroptics and the subdivisi on of cellular systems into mini or micro systems for situations such as filling in spots missed by the large r cellul ar system or for the use of cellular syst ems withi n a restricted environment, such as an office building.

For those that need equipment specifications for Cell Site engineering, to order equipment, or to obt ain a gen eral k nowled ge o f the hardw are us ed in the Series I I Cell Site, the following chapters offer a general look at every piece of hardware used at the Cell Site.

Chapter 8 describes and offers equipment specifications, ordering codes,

■

and interconnections with othe r equipment, for every piece of hardware (except radios) at the Cell Site.

Chapter 9 contains detailed t echnical descript ions of e very radi o capabl e of

■

being used in the Cell Site, how each radio operates, and its call-handling capacity. All radios, AMPS, TDMA, and CDMA, are explai ned.

Chapter 10 describes antenna co nfigur ati ons and the ir in tera ction wi th Cell

■

Site radios.

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Chapter 11 describes Cell Site hardware at a functional level, the

■

interconnections on each unit, and their interconnectivity with other units.

For operations and maintenance personnel, the following chapters describe the function and operation of all Series II equipment, and different aspects of its maintenance (i.e ., test, restore, remove, replace).

Chapter 12 offers detailed and step-by-step procedures to perform routine

■

and FCC-mandated maintenance tests. Chapter 13 describes enhanced maintenance features that have been

■

added to the Series II Cell Site, such as the improved Boot Read-OnlyMemory / Non-Volat ile Memory Update. This feature enables a radio to identify its hardware type and prevent the downloading of firmware belonging to a different radio hardware type.

Chapter 14 explain s the three major maintenanc e tools av aila ble to the Cell

■

Site Technician, describes and lists all maintenance units, and defines the maintenance states that a unit can take on.

Chapter 15 has detailed and step-b y-step procedures for using the

■

Maintenance Request Administrator (MRA) to perform diagnostic and trouble maintenance.

Chapter 16 has detailed and step-by-step procedures for using Status

■

Display Pages to perform diagnostic and trouble maintenance. Chapter 17 has detailed and step-b y-step procedures for using the

■

Executive Cellular Processor (ECP) craft interface to perform diagnostic and trouble maintenance.

The different tools and procedures described in the chapters above allow the technician to choose the maintena nce tool he is most comfortable with and, greatly impro ve both the learning and productivity curve.

Chapter 18 details all Cell Site alarms, their meaning, and the appropriate

■

response(s) the technician should make. Chapter 19 details all Cell Site Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs), their

■

meaning, and the appropriate response(s) the technician should make. Chapter 20 is a logical-to-hardware mapping of all maintenance units and

■

is useful in helping the technician fi nd the physical location of any diagnostic or maintenance unit.

Chapter 21 is dedicated to CDMA-specific maintenance because CDMA

■

units are differ ent enough from the analog/digital units used in AMPS/ TDMA that they merit particular attention.

Chapter 22 is dedicated to the maintenance of the Linear Amplif ier Circuit

■

(LAC), a complex and extremely important piece of Cell Site hardware .

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Introduction

Please refer to Lucent Technologies Practice 401-660-125 for a full description of the Modular Linear Amplifier Cir cuit (MLAC) J-41660CA- 3.

We hope that y ou fi nd this reorganization of the document useful and easy to read.

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Introduction to Series II Cell Techno logy

Contents

Contents 2-1

■

Introduction 2-2

■

Overview 2-2

Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS) 2-3

■

Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) 2-4

■

TDMA Description 2-4 TDMA Call Processing 2-4 Communication F rom TDMA Cell Site to TDMA Subscriber Unit 2-5 Communication F rom TDMA Subscriber Unit to

TDMA Cell Site 2-6 Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) 2-6 CDMA Cell Site Description 2-7

Cellular Frequency Spectrum Allocation 2-10

■

Advantages of Series II Hardware and Software 2-11

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Cell Site Equipment Functional Overview 2-12

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Equipment Fr ames 2-12 Radio Channel Frames and

Radio Equipment Functional Overview 2-13 Facilities Interface F rame (FIF) 2-18

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Introduction to Series II Cell Technology

Introduction

Overview

The Series II platform accommodates t hree m ulti ple-acc ess metho ds, one ana log and two digital, described below.

■

Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) -

Subscribers are separated by frequency. Frequency Div isi on Multiple

Access (FDMA) is the implementation of narrowband channels, each

carrying one telephone circuit, in a system where any mobile station can

access any one of the frequencies. Existing analog cellular

communications systems use FDMA.

The Series II FDMA technology is Advanced Mobile Phone Service

(AMPS)* which conforms to the Electronic Indust ries Assoc iation (EIA) /

Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) 553 standard. The

allocated spectrum is divided into 30-kHz channels, where each channel

can carry a single call.

■

Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) -

Subscribers are separated b y fr equency and time. Time Division Multipl e

Access (TDMA) is an architecture in which each carrier frequency is

divided into a number of timeslots, each of which constitutes an

independent telephone circuit. Existing digital cellular communications

systems use TDMA.

The Series II TDMA technology conforms to the TIA IS-54 standard. The

technology can serve t hree simultaneous calls on an existing 30-kHz

AMPS channel, thereby increasing capacity by threefold.

■

Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) -

Subscribers are separated by digital code. Code Division Multiple Access

(CDMA) is a form of multiple access used in spread- spectrum wideband

systems. It is based on the principle that e ach subscriber is assigned a

unique code that can be used b y the syste m to distingu ish that user from al l

other users transmitting simultaneously over the same frequency band.

The Series II CDMA technology conforms to the TIA IS-95 standard. The

projection is that CDMA will increase the capacity of the current AMPS

system by as much as ten-fold.

* Throughout this document, AMPS will be used to mean analog radios or analog service.

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Introduction to Series II Cell Technology

Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS)

With AMPS, the entire alloc ated cellular frequency spectrum, 825-890 MHz, is divided into a number of 30-kHz cha nnel s, eac h with its speci fic carrier frequency. These carrier frequencies operate in pairs; each pair is assigned a unique RF channel number. One carrier frequency of the pair is used for transmission from the Cell Site to the mobile station (forward channel), while the other is used for transmission from the mobile st ati on to the Cell Site (reverse channel). The transmit and receive frequencies are sepa rated by 45 MHz.

Fr om the begi nning, the FCC has encouraged competition in the cell ular radio market by alloca ting avai lable frequency spectrum to two classes of operators:

The nonwireline companies (such as radio common carriers) also known

■

as System A - is allocated frequencies from spectrum for System A is

(known as block A, which consists of the A, A’, and A” bands

The local wireline telephone companies, also known as System B - is

■

allocated frequencies from the spect rum f or System B (known as block B),

which consists of the B and B’ bands.

Normally, RF channels 313 through 354 are reserved for use as control channel s: 21 control channels for System A, and 21 control channels for System B. These channels, also called setup channels, are used to establish calls and to perform control functions. The remaining channels, 395 for System A and 395 for System B, are the voic e channel s. Each voice channel can carry a single call.

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Introduction to Series II Cell Technology

Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)

TDMA Description

TDMA Call Processing

TDMA can accommodate both analog and digital cellular technologies (see Figure 2-1). The digital cellular technology, like Time Divisi on Mult iple Access (TDMA) radio technology, provides increased spectral efficiency, system performance improvements (high-quality speech in areas of low signal strength), entirely digital tr ansmission, new and more flexible services, and i ncreased channel privacy compar ed to analog technology. In the same number of radio slots used by Radio Channel Unit s (RCUs), half as many Digital Radio Units (DRUs) achieve a 50% increase in the number of radio channels. In addi ti on, if DRUs ar e repla ced with Enhanc ed DRUs (EDRUs), there are th e same n umber of channels using half as many radio slots on the radio shelf. The EDRU takes up only 1 slot on the radio shelf versus the 2 that the DRU t akes up.

The Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) has prepared an interim standard (IS-54A) that defines technical requirements for cellular telecommunications systems. This standard provi des radio system parameters and call processing procedures for both analog and digital radios to ensure complete compatibility with dual-mode (analog and digital) mobile and singl emode (analog only) mobile stations. The TDMA feature complies with this standard.

In addition, TDMA DCCH complies with EIA/TIA Stand ard IS-136 Cellular Sy stem Dual-Mode Mobile Station Base Station: Digital Control Channel that is av ail able from the Electronic Industries Association. DCCH supports IS-136 mobiles that use DCCH to access the system.

The following call processing features are part of the TDMA feature .

Dual Mode Mobile Station (DMMS) - TDMA works with a DMMS. The

■

TDMA DMMS has allowable-c all modes of analog only, TDMA (digital) only,

and analog or TDMA. TDMA also supports IS-136 mobiles that acc ess the

system over the DCCH.

Mobile-Assisted HandOff (MAHO) Feature - All TDMA mobile units are

■

designated to assist in the handoff process. The TDMA mobile unit is sent

a list of neighbor sector s on which to make signal strength measurements.

Setup Channels - TDMA uses the same analog setup channels as in the

■

Series II Cell Site. To set up digital channels, TDMA uses the DCCH.

Locate Function - The locate radios may be analog. TDMA also supports

■

the digital locate function for DR Us and EDRUs.

Beacon Channel Feature - The beacon channel is a voice radio, analog or

■

digital, which always has its carrier turned on and set at a f ixed power leve l.

The beacon channel can be used for voice communications , but t he carrier

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Introduction to Series II Cell Technology

power level remains fixed. The beacon channel provides a means for the

TDMA and TDMA DMMS mobiles to measure signal strength during the

handoff process. Series I Cell Sites in a Series II TDMA service area also

provide a beacon channel per antenna sector for the benefit of TDMA

customers.

Unique software is requi red for implementation of the TDMA feature. This section briefly addresses t he major differences from the analog system in call process ing , administration, maintenance, and service measurement software.

All call processing for DRUs is based on logical channels; that is, di git al traffic channels rather than physic al radio units . The DMMSs communicate with the Cell Site over a 30-kHz analog setup channel. Thus, the mobile station is required to be tuned to an analog setup channel when not in the conversation state. Mobile originations and page response messages are transmitted to and received from the Cell Site over the analog setup channel. Location measurements on digital voice channels will be performed using mobile-assisted handoff (as defined in IS54A).

The following five handoff scenarios are supported:

1. Analog to analog

Communication From TDMA Cell Site to T DMA Subscriber Unit

2. Analog to digital

3. Digital to digital

4. Digital to analog

5. DCCH InterHyperband handoff

For more information on DCCH InterHyperband Handoff, please see Lucent Technologies Practices Optional Feature document 401-612-118, DCCH

Interhyperband Operation Phase 1 & 2.

The Time Division Multiplexed (TDM) bus, which should be installed "red stripe up," sends m-law Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) encoded voice to the echo cancelers, and then to the speech coder in the DRU or EDRU. The speech from the TDM bus is coded using the algorithm know n as Code Excit ed Linear Predictive ( CELP) Codin g. Then t he bit s are t r ansferred to the associated channel coder.

The encoded speech is further encoded for protection by a three-step process. First, the most significant bits are coded with a Cycli c Redundancy Check (CRC). Then, these bits, with the other class-1 bits, are protected with a convolutional error correction code. Finally, the data is spread within one time slot.

Fr om the channel coder , the signal is sent along wit h the other two chan nels to the modulator. Once at the modulator, the bits are modulated using Deferentially Encoded Quadrature Phase Shift K e ying (DQPSK) and are sent to the transmitter.

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Introduction to Series II Cell Technology

At the transmitter, the digitally modulated RF signals are sent to the antenna and ultimately to the subscriber unit..

To Subscriber

DS-1

Communication From TDMA Subscriber Unit to TDMA Cell Site

Subscriber

Unit

Channel

Channel Encoder

Modulator

DRU/EDRU

Demod/

EqualizerDecoder

From Subscriber

Speech

Encoder

T D M

B U S

Speech

Decoder

AGC/

Filter

Transmitter

(TCM)

Receiver

(TCM)

Figure 2-1. TDMA - DRU/ EDRU To/From Subscriber

The receiver in the DR U or EDRU receives digitally modulat ed RF signals fro m the subscriber unit and translates them back to baseband freque ncy. The signals first proceed through a lo w-pass filt er to cut out high frequenci es and alia s signals , and through an Automatic Gain Control (AGC) to control the signal strength. The waveforms are then sent to the demodulator, where the signals are synchronized and equalized. Then, th e demodulat ed bits are sent to the channe l decoder. Upon arriving, data is de-interlea ved and decoded. The convoluted encoded bits are CRC-checked for error detection and then transferred to the speech decoder. The speech decoder tak es the data and generates the received speech signal, which is transferred to the TDM bus as m-law PCM encoded voice.

Code Division Multiple Access

This section provides an overview of the Series II Cell Si te har dware used to support the Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) application.

(CDMA)

CDMA is a method that increases voic e traffic on the existing cellular frequency spectrum. CDMA is defined within the IS-95 document, which was produced by the Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) TR45.5 Subcommi tt ee on Wideband Spectrum Digital Technology.

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Introduction to Series II Cell Technology

CDMA uses a direct sequence spread spectrum technology. Within this technology, radio signals are spread across a single 1.23 MHz-wide frequency band. Individual calls ar e modulated b y the three unique Pseudo- random Number (PN) codes during transmission and decoded using those three codes during reception. Signals that do not contain the code matches are treated as noise and ignored. By using this method, a large number of CDMA calls may occupy the same frequency spectrum simultaneously.

One of many benefits of CDMA is that it is virtually impossible to monitor a CDMA call in progress unless all three PN codes are known.

CDMA Cell Site Description

The Series II Cell Sites providing CDMA service (see Figure 2-2) must be equipped with a Global Positioning System (GPS) re ceiver, associated Synchronized Clock and Tone (SCT) boards, and a Digital Facilities Interface (DFI).

The GPS equipment provides precise timing of data packets between the 5ESS2000 Switch DCS and the Series II Cell Site. The GPS also provides precise timing for the 20-ms packets transmit ted by the CDMA radios. The SCT boards are added to the TDM bus (which should be installed "red stripe up"). The DFI is required for CDMA packet pipes.

All CDMA trunks must be located in the 5ESS-2000 Switch DCS but AMPS and TDMA trunks can still be located in a DEFINITY Switch DCS.

The remaining new circuit ry consists of the CDMA Radio Module (CRM), that serves one face. The CRM is located on the CDMA radio shelf. The CRM will be discussed in detail late r in t his document. The basic RF combiners, Linear Amplifier Frame (LAF) and filter asse mblies have not changed from the AMPS/ TDMA Series II Linear Amplifier Circuits (LACs) in existing systems require a Version 6 or higher firmware upgrade.

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Introduction to Series II Cell Technology

Public

Switched

Telephone

Network

Mobile Switching Center (MSC)

OMP R.7.0x

ECP R7.0

IMS SS7 Links

CNI

5ESS-2000 DCS

NCT

PSU2

DLTU2

GPS

SCT*

DSI

DFI

Series II Cell Site

RCC

Analog

TDMA

C C C

CDMA

Traffic Channel Setup Channel

* SCT - Synchronized Clock and Tone

Figure 2-2. CDMA System Components

There are three types of equipment shelves on the CDMA Growth Radio Frame (CGRF). These shelves are listed below.

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401-660-100 Issue 11 August 2000

The interconnect panel

is used to distribute the 15-MHz reference frequency from the Reference Frequency Timing Generat ion ( RFTG) to th e radio shelves, and to interconnect CDMA radio equipment to both existing transmit and receive antenna faces.

CDMA radio shelves

(numbered 0 through 5 from top to bottom) which

contain the following equipment:

— Power converters that require +24 volt, 45 amp. feeder and return

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— One or two CDMA Cluster Controll ers (CCCs) - each CCC contains

— As many as 14 CCUs - each CCU contains two CEs (8-kbps

— One or two Baseband, Bus and Analog (BBA) trio circuits

NOTE:

For CDMA 1.0, there is one r adio shelf per antenna fac e. Because CDMA

1.0 supports omni, two-sector, and three-sector cells, there may be one , two, or three CDMA radio shelves. Additional shelves will be supported in future CDMA releases.

7 CDMA Channel Units (CCUs)

vocoders)

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Introduction to Series II Cell Technology

Cellular Frequency Spectrum Allocation

The Series II platform can support a hybrid of AMPS, TDMA, and CDMA technologies within the sam e cellular system. The radio technologies share Cell Site resources and cellular fr equency spectrum.

In North America, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has allocated a total of 25 MHz fo r mobi le-t o-cell-s ite commu nic ation and 25 MHz f or cell- site- tomobile communication for the provision of cell ular services . The FCC has div ided this allocation equally between two service providers, the wireline (block B) and non-wireline (b lock A) carriers , in each service area.

To accommodate CDMA, the entire cellular frequenc y spec trum is divide d into ten

1.23-MHz wideband channels. Each channel is assigned a number, and the channel numbers denote 30-kHz

channels. Because of the order in which allocations were made, the 12.5 MHz allocated to each c arrier for each direction of the link is further subdivided i nt o two sub-bands. F or the wireline car riers (b lock B), the sub-bands ar e 10 MHz (B band) and 2.5 MHz (B’ band). For the non-wireline carrier s (block A), the sub-bands are 11 MHz (A band + A” band) and 1.5 MHz (A’ band). A single bandwidth of less than 1.5 MHz could fit into any of the sub-b ands, while a bandwidth of less than

2.5 MHz could fit into all but one sub-band. Thus, in order to preserve maximum flexibility in matching the CDMA technology

to the avai lable frequency spectrum, the CDMA digital cellular waveform design must be less than 1.5 MHz in bandwidth.

A set of ten 1.23-MHz bandwidth wideband channels, referred to as CDMA carriers, would be used if the entire cellular frequency spectrum were convert ed over to CDMA. In the interim, only a small number of 1.23-MHz channels need to be removed from the current analog service to provide digital service.

The center RF channel numbers, or center frequencies, of the primary and secondary CDMA carriers are specified in the TIA IS- 95 standard. The center RF channel numbers of other CDMA carries are not specified in the TIA IS-95 standard, but are chosen by the individual service providers.

Because some frequency guard band is necessa ry if there are adjace nt hi ghpower cellular (or other) frequencies in use, adding an initi al CDMA carrier to an existing AMPS syst em requi res remo ving 59 adj oining AMPS c hannel s (1. 77 MHz of frequency spectrum). Since adjacent CDMA carriers need not employ a guard band, adding a second CDMA carrier would only require removing 43 AMPS channels.

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Introduction to Series II Cell Technology

Advantages of Series II Hardware and Software

A number of the advantages of Series II hardware and softw are are listed below.

■

Channel capacity

. Up to 200 Radio Channel Units (RCUs), including

setup, locate, and voice. About 195 can be used for voice.

■

6-Sector configuration

. Single antenna, omni, three- or six-se ctor configuration. Up to seven transmi t ant ennas, as defined by user, diversity receive antennas, and optional built-in duplexers.

■

Compatible with Series I

. Can be used in the same system with Series I

Cell Sites.

■

All digi ta l in t e rfaces

. All data and voice communications between the MSC and Cell Site is by Digital Signal le v el 1 (DS1) inter face d faci lities . The Digital Cross-Connect (DSX-1) interface between the DS1 and cross connect panel provide the radio frame connections and eliminate the need for D4 channel banks .

■

Programmable radio channels

. Programmable radio channels eliminate the need for manu al tuning of ca vit y combiner s or t he s etti ng of Dual In-l ine Package (DIP) switches.

■

Combine any channels

. No separation restrictions on channels

combined.

■

Downloading of power levels and channel assignments

. Downloading of power levels and channel ass ignments can be accomplished from a single location, such as the MSC.

■

Less maintenance

. Fewer replaceable parts; most faults are software-

detectable . Limited invent ory spares needed.

■

Easy update to digital channel s

. Series II positions the sys tem to support digital radio technology with minimum cost, eff ort, and replacement of equipment. RCU slots accommodate both analog and DRUs and EDRUs. Analog and digital radios may be mixed on a slot-by-slot basis.

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Introduction to Series II Cell Technology

Cell Site Equipment Functional Overview

Equipment Frames

The equipment frames used in Series II Cell Sites (Figure 2-3) and their dimensions are given below.

■

Radio Channel Frame (RCF) -

26" wide by 20" deep by 80.5" hi gh,

total height = 70" (to top of main bay) + 10" (interconnect panel) The Series II radio channel equipment is housed in cabinets. The Radio

Channel F rame (RCF) has openi ngs on t he side for interframe wiring of the Time Division Multiplexed (TDM) bus, which should be installed "red stripe up". Control and data are transferred over the TDM bus. These frames are installed side by side so that they may be interconnected by one TDM bus, if there are two frames, or two TDM buses, if there are three frames. Cabinet covers are removab le for maintenance, allowing easy access to the equipment without requiring the clearance space needed to open hinged doors. The Radio Frame Set (RFS) consists of one, two, or three RCFs. The first RCF is the P-RCF (RCF 0), the other two RCFs are "growth" RCFs (RCF 1 and RCF 2).

■

Linear Amplifier Frame (LAF) -

Same dimensions as RCF. One or two

Linear Amplifier Frames (LAFs)are provided per Cell Site.

■

Antenna Interface Frame (AIF) -

26" wide by 20" deep by 84" high. Antenna interface equipment accommodates up to seven antenna faces, thus permitting implementation of omni-only, three-sector/120-degree, sixsector/60-degree, or other special antenna configurations . One or two Antenna Interface Frames (AIFs) are provided per Cell Site.

The Series II Cell Site equipment frames have greater hardware capacity, are more compact, and allow more flexibility than Series I equipment.

The equipment code for the equi pment frames mentioned above are identified below.

Radio Channel Frame (Primary) J41660A-1 or J41660A-2 (UL* Listed)

■

Radio Channel Frame (Growth) J41660B-1 or J41660A-2 (UL* Listed)

■

Linear Amplifier Frame (Primary) J41660C-1 or J41660A-2 (UL* Listed)

■

Antenna Interface Frame (Primary) J41660E-1 or J41660A-2 (UL* Listed)

■

Antenna Interface Frame (Growth) J41660F-1 or J41660A-2 (UL* Listed)

■

Facilities Interface F rame J41660G-1 or J41660A-2 (UL* Listed)

■

* Registered trademark of Underwriters Laboratories, Inc.

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Introduction to Series II Cell Technology

Optical Interface Frame J41660H-1

■

Radio Frame Set

(High-Power

Antennas)

acilities

DS1 Inputs

Voi ce Trunks and Data Links

nterface

rame

FIF

)

Radio Channel Frames an d Radio Equipment Functional Overview

adio

hannel

rame

RCF0

(

(Includes

adio

ontrol

omplex)

adio

hannel

rame

RCF1

)(

(Optional)

adio

hannel

rame

RCF2

)(

(Optional)

Primary Growth Growth

inear

mplifier

)(

rame

LAF0

)(

inear

mplifier

rame

LAF1

)(

RFRF

ntenna

nterface

rame

AIF0

ntenna

nterface

rame

AIF1

)(

(

(Optional) (Optional)

)(

Figure 2-3. Cell Site Architecture

The radio frame set (Figure 2-4) consists of a primary RCF and up to two growth RCFs connected by one or two Time-Division Multiplexed (TDM) buses (which should be installed "red stripe up ") and controlled by the primary RCF. The primary RCF is unique in that it c ontains t he Cell Site control ler (t he Radio Control Complex [RCC]) on the uppermost shelf (shelf 0) in addition to five radio shelves below (shelves 1 through 5).

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Introduction to Series II Cell Technology

Primary RCF 0 Growth RCF 1 Growth RCF 2

Shelf 0

Shelf 1

Shelf 2

Fans

Shelf 3

Shelf 4

Shelf 5

RCC 0 RCC 1

Radio Shelf

Radi o Test Shelf

Radio Shelf

2-14

Figure 2-4. Radio Channel Frames

The RCC consists of two identical controllers (redundant controllers). One controller is active (on-line) and one is standb y (of f-line). The RCC provides intelligent control of the Cell Site equipment and performs call processing in conjunction with the ECP complex.

The primary RCF may contain a combination of AMPS setup, locate, and voice channel radios; setup and loc ate radios are simply AMPS radios configured to perform setup and locate channel fu nctions. The RCC can configure an RCU or a Single-Board RCU (SBRCU) to perform one of three functions:

Setup—To establish calls with AMPS mobile subscribers

■

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Introduction to Series II Cell Technology

Locate—To assist with handoffs when the establi shed call can be better

■

served by an adjacent sector or cell Voice—To carry the AMPS over-the-air calls

■

Setup and locate r adios ar e re stricte d to shel f 1 and/o r shelf 2 of t he primary RCF, whereas voice r adios may be installed i n any of the five radi o shelves of the primary RCF or any of t he six r adio s helv e s of a g row th RCF. Normally, at start-up, there are two setup radios (one active and one standby) and two locate radios (both active).

Up to two Growth RCFs may be added. Each growth RCF contains six radio shelves, housing 72 RCUs in each growth RCF for a maximum capacity of 200 analog radios or 86 digital radios or various combinations. (A minimum of two analog radios are always required for setup and locate functions.).

Twenty-one channels, referred to as setup or control channels, are set aside to accomplish the setup function. That is, 21 channels in each of the cellular frequency spectrums (block A and block B) are not used as voice channels.

Setup radios perform the receive and tr ansmit functions required to set up an AMPS or IS-54 TDMA call, but not a CDMA call. CDMA uses its own control channels to set up a CDMA call.

There are AMPS-only mobiles, IS-54 compliant TDMA/AMPS dual-mode mobiles , IS-136 compliant TDMA/AMPS dual-mode mobiles, and IS-95A and IS-95B compliant CDMA/AMPS dual-mode mobiles. A TDMA/AMPS dual-mode mobile allows the call to be served on either TDMA or AMPS channels, which increases the chances that the call will be served if no TDMA channels are available during setup or handoff. The same hol ds true for a CDMA/AMPS dual-mode mobile.

If a Cell Site has the TDMA DCCH feature, the DCCH—not the setup radio—is used to set up TDMA calls for IS-136 compliant TDMA/AMPS dual-mode mobiles.

AMPS locate radios (also referred to as analog locate radios), which receive but do not transmit, assist only in the handoff of an AMPS call. As explanation, a handoff decision for an AMPS call is based on Cell Site measurements of signal strengths received from the mobile station. In contrast, the handoff decision for a TDMA or CDMA call is based on mobile measurements of signal strengths received from radios at neighboring sites. This latter type of handoff is referred to as mobile-assisted handoff.

A feature known as the Digital Verification Color Code (DVCC) verification feature can ensure a high success rate for the TDMA mobile-assisted handoff procedure. For this feature, the re is a digi tal locate radio available to each physical antenna face, or sector, neighboring the serving face.

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2-15

Introduction to Series II Cell Technology

Any combination of AMPS radios (RCUs, SBRCUs) and TDMA radios (DRUs, EDRUs) can reside in the primary RCF or in a growth RCF. RCUs, SBRCUs, DRUs, and EDRUs can sit side-by-side in the same radio shelf.

The DRU occupies two adjoining RCU slots in the shelf, and the EDRU occupies one RCU slot in the shelf; either unit provides a 3-to-1 voice channel capacity advantage over the RCU.

CDMA radios are installed in their o wn growth RCF (See Figure 2-5), which is designed to house 12 CDMA radios—two (redundant) radios per shelf. (One CDMA radio is active and one is standby).

CDMA radios cannot be installed in the primary RCF, nor can they be intermixed with RCUs, SBRCUs, DRUs, or EDR Us in t he same growth RCF. Since there can be up to two growth RCFs in a radio frame set, the Series II Cell Site can accommodate up to 24 CDMA radios.

There are two test radios listed below:

The Radio Test Unit (RTU)

■

TDMA Radio Test Unit (TRTU)

■

These radios can be used to test AMPS or TDMA radi os, respectively, along with their associated RF paths. When installed, the test radios reside in shelf 3 of the primary RCF.

The CDMA Radio Test Unit (CRTU) can be used to test CDMA radios and their associated RF paths. The CRTU consists of two hardware components:

The CRTU interface (CRTUi )

■

The CRTU module (CRTUm)

■

The CRTUi allows the RCC to communicate with the CDMA/AMPS dual-mode mobile located in the CRTUm. When installed, the CRTUi resides in shelf 0 of the primary RCF, and the CRTUm resides in t he FIF or is mounted on a Cell Site wall.

* Due to DC power limitations, it is recommended that no more than five EDRUs, with no other radios, reside in the

same radio shelf. This restriction does not apply if the P-RCF is equipped with List N and the G-RCF is equipped with List E.

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Introduction to Series II Cell Technology

076

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Figure 2-5. Series II CDMA Radio Channel Frame (RCF)

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2-17

Introduction to Series II Cell Technology

From an RCC perspective, the CRTUi and CRTUm together look like a single maintenance unit, just like the RTU or TRTU.

Facilities Interface Frame (FIF)

The Facilities Interface Frame (FIF) (see Figure 2-3) provides the digital interface between the DCS and r a dio chann el fr a mes via s helf- mounted Dat a Service Units (DSUs) or Channel Service Units (CSUs). These units perform network interface compliance, for mat conversion, and network monitoring functions for a T1 or E1 line.

An alarm control panel, which is an optional panel mounted in the FIF, can collect up to 18 user-defined alarms.

User-defined alarms are gathered from alarm sensors external to the Cell Site frames; they include miscellaneous alarm conditions, such as fi re, forced entry, high temperature , and al arms from ancillary co-located equipment.

2-18

Increased Cell Alarms

equipment alarms for use in the cell. The Increased Cell Alarms enhancement is described in the User-Defined Cell Site Alarms (UDA) Optional Feature

enhancement available in

document (401-612-057).

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ECP Release 7 .0 ad ded another 12 user- define d al a rms and 1 2

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T ime Division Multiple Access (TDMA)

Contents

Contents 3-1

■

TDMA Overview 3- 3

■

TDMA/AMPS Dual-Mode Operation 3-3 TDMA System Access 3-4 TDMA Radio Interface 3-4 Radio Channel Types 3-4 Digital Control Channel 3-5 Digital Control Channel (DCCH) Forw ard Link, or

Downlink, Logical Channels 3-5

DCCH Feature Offerings 3-6

Short Message Service (SMS) 3-6 Sleep Mode 3-6

Private Networks 3-6 Channel Organization for Forward DCCH Superframes 3-6 Digital Traffic Channels 3-7 DTC Dedicated Control Channels 3-7 Digital Verification Color Code Channels 3-8 Handoff and Handoff Types 3-8 Mobile-Assisted Handoff Procedure 3-9

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3-1

Time Division Multiple Access (TDM A)

HandOff Based on Interference (HOBIT) / INterference

■

Look-Ahead (INLA) Enhancements 3-11

Service Measurements (SM) 3-13

Switch-Based TDMA Voice Coder/ Decoder (Vocoder) 3-15

■

Fac il ities Concentratio n 3-15

Vocoder / Echo Canceller Pooling 3-16

Platform for Multiple Speech Coding Algorithm Support 3-16

Semi-sof t H a n do f f (in t ra- D C S, inte r-DCS) 3-17

Intra-DCS Semi-soft Handoff 3-17

Inter-DCS Semi-soft Handoff 3-17

Packet Mode Transport 3-18

Packet Pipe (PP) Implementation 3-18 Cell Sites Supported by the Switch-Based Vocoder feature 3-18

Use of DS1 and/or DFI boards at the cell 3-18 Operation, Administrat ion, and Maintenance (OA&M) 3- 19

Cell Site OA&M 3-19

Diagnostic subsystem (DN) 3-21

Measurement subsystem (MEAS) 3-21

Configuration Utilities subsystem (CFUT) 3-21

ECPC OA&M Support of the Cell Site 3-21 Feature Activation and Installation 3-22

Separate Access Thresholds for DCCHs and DTCs (SEPA) 3-2 3

■

Two-Branch Intelligent Anntenna (TBIA) 3-27

■

EDRU and DRM implementation of TBIA 3-27 TBIA Performance 3-27 TBIA Av ailability 3-2 8 TBIA Activation 3-28

3-2

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Time Division Multiple Access (TDM A)

TDMA Overview

The Series II TDMA technology conforms to the TIA IS-54 standard (sometimes called North American TDMA), which allows the servicing of three digital calls within the same frequency range previously used for one AMPS cal l. IS-54 TDMA radio tr ansmissions o ccur in t he sa me frequen cy ba nds (Syst em A a nd System B) as AMPS radio transmissions.

IS-54 TDMA provides a basic modula ti on efficiency of three calls per 30-kHz of bandwidth. A 30-kHz channel is subdivided into six timeslots for TDMA transmissions. Two timeslots are required for each call when using full-rate voice encoders (vocoders). Timeslots 1 and 4 f orm user channel 1, timeslots 2 and 5 form user channel 2, and timeslots 3 and 6 form user channel 3.

Each Digital Radio Unit (DR U) or Enhanced Digi tal Radio Unit (EDR U) is assigned an RF channel number (carrier) using the RC/V Cell Site Trunk Member form (ctm) or Vocoder Relocation feature allows EDRUs to be assigned via the RC/V TDMA Pac ket Pipe Member form (tpptm), as well as the ct m a nd dcch forms. The modulated output carries three independen t, full-rate channels of information.

Assuming a frequency reuse factor similar to the anal og design, the resulting capacity with TDMA is one call per 10 kHz of spectrum or three times that of the AMPS system. However, for TDMA systems, special studies have shown that there is room f or placing cel ls closer toget her because of TDMA’s higher tolerance to interference and/or reducing the fr equency re-use factor from the traditional seven to six, five, or e ven four, further increasi ng system capacity.

TDMA/AMPS Dual-Mode Operation

The TIA IS-54 standard includes provision for future service additions and expansions of system capabilities. The architecture defined by the TIA IS-54 standard permits such expansion without the loss of backwar d compatibility with older mobile stations.

A TDMA/AMPS dual-mode mobile complying with the TIA IS-54 standard can obtain service by communicating with either TDMA radios or AMPS radios at the Cell Site. Whether the communication is TDMA or AMPS depends on the ava il ability of either system in the geographic area of the mobil e station as we ll as the preferred call mode of the mobile station. The preferred call mode can be TDMA-only, AMPS-only, or dual-mode TDMA (either TDMA or AMPS).

There are two t ype s of TDMA/ AMPS dual -mode mobil es: I S-5 4 compli ant mobi les and IS-136 compliant mobiles . IS- 54 compliant mobiles can only access the TDMA system via the analog control channel (ACC)_also known as the setup channel, whereas IS-136 compl iant mobiles c an acc ess the TDMA sys tem via t he ACC or the DCCH.

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TDMA System Access

TDMA Radio Interface

Mobile origination and page response messages ar e transmit ted to/ receiv ed from the TDMA Cell Site ov er the ACC, unless the DCCH feature is in effect at the Cell Site and the accessing mobile is an IS-136 compliant mobile. In the latter case, mobile origination and page response messag es may be transmitted to/ recei ved from the TDMA Cell Site over the DCCH.

The TDMA radio interface between the serving Cell Site and the mobiles is a three-la ye red communi cations archit ecture . The ph ysica l la yer is ref erred to as the air interface, which is a standar dized IS-54 TDMA system. The ph ysical la yer not only supports the functions required for the transmission of bit str eams on the ai r interf ace, but al so provi des access ca pabilities to the upper l ay ers . The uppermost laye r c arries mess ages that a re tran sparent to the Cel l Sit e; t he messages con vey call control and mobile management information between the MSC and the mobile station.

TDMA transmission is in the for m of a series of frames, each of which is divided into a number of timeslots. In IS-54 TDMA, each frame is partitioned into six equally sized, non-overlapping timeslots.

In IS-54 TDMA full-rate operation, individual mobile stations take turns using the reverse channel (mobile ? cell) and may put a burst of data in the assigned timeslots. In the forward channel (cell ? mobile), the Cell Site is usually transmitting continuously with the mobiles listening only during their assigned timeslots. The Cell Site is also repeating a reference burst, and all mobiles synchronize on the reception of that burst.

Radio Channel Types

A mobile station must know not only which two timeslots 1&4, 2&5, or 3&6, to use for tran smissio n, b ut also whi ch two t imeslot s to u se for reception. In IS-54 TDMA, those timeslots are the same. The TDMA frames used in the forward and reverse directions are staggered by a little more than one timeslot duration to allow the same timeslot pair to be used in both directions, hence av oiding the requirement for the mobile station to transmit and receive simultaneously.

The mapping of assembled DCCH slots into superframes and hyperfr ames applies only to the f orward DCCH (cell ? mobile). There are no superframe or hyperframe structures for the rever se DCCH (mobil e ? cell).

Some characteristics of the IS-54 TDMA fr ame are:

Fr ame lengt h = 1944 bi ts (39.99999 milliseconds)

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Timeslot duration = 324 bits (6.666666 mil liseconds)

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Data rate = 20.57613 milliseconds

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Each of the repetitive timeslots (1, 2,..., 6) acr oss TDMA frames forms a physical channel. (A physical channel always uses the same timeslot number in e very TDMA frame.) Thus, IS-54 TDMA provides six ph ysical channels per RF channel

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(carrier). As defined in TIA IS-54 and IS-136, there are two overall categories of logical channels that can be mapped onto t he physical channels:

a. Digital Control Channels (DCCH) (IS-136 only) - A DCCH is a collection of

logical channels used f or tra nsmission of contr ol inf ormation and short user data messages between the Cell Sites and mobile stations.

b. Digital Traffic Channels (DTC) (IS-54 and IS-136) A digital t raf fic cha nnel is

a collection of logical channels used for transmission of user inf ormation and related control messages between the Cell Sites and mobile stations.

A TDMA omni cell or cell sector is allocated a subset of RF channels. One RF channel is assigned t o ea ch TDMA ra dio. The TDMA RF channel is designated as either C0, C1, C2, through C n, where Cn is the last TDMA RF channel provided in the cell. Each TDMA RF channel is divided into 6 timeslots. All but one of the TDMA RF channels can support three digital traf fic channels. The exception (i.e., C0) can support up to two digital traffic channels on timeslots 2&5 and 3&6; timeslots 1&4 are dedicated to carrying the digital control channel. Two additional TDMA RF channels, designated C1 and C2, can also be assigned to carry digital control channels via t he RC/V dcch form. C0, C1, and C2 need not have the lower RF channel numbers of the allocation; no ordering of RF channel numbers is implied.

Digital Control Channel

Digital Control Channel (DCCH) Forward Link, or Downlink, Logical Channels

The IS-136 DCCH is based on the IS-54 standard. The call control and other features specified in IS-54 are part of IS-136.

The DCCH is used in place of the analog control channel (A CC). The DCCH performs the setup function for mobile subscriber s using IS-136 compliant mobiles. The DCCH is carried by a TDMA radio (DRU, EDRU) configured as a DCCH radio, and the ACC i s carried by an AMPS radio (RCU , SBRCU) conf igured as a setup radio. Since a TDMA radio provides a basic modulation efficiency of three user channels (1 - 3) per 30-kHz of bandwidth, the DCCH radio may also carry digital traffic. The DCCH is carried on user channel 1.

Typically, there is one DCCH per physical antenna face, or sector, in a TDMA system. Up to three DCCHs are allowed per sector.

The DCCH provides IS-136 compliant mobiles with a continuous frame-oriented means of communication across the air interface. When not involved in an actual call, the mobil e stat ions moni tor RF c hannel C0. The i nformation sent to all mobi le station includes information about the system and how the mobile stations should access the system. If a mobile station i s in th e process of originating a call, a control channel will be used to notify that mobile station that it should tune to a specified RF channel to complete the call. If a mobile station is idle and a call comes in for it, the mobi le station is paged ov er a paging channel.

The forward DCCH (cell mobile) consists of the fol lowing logical channels.

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Broadcast Control CHannel (BCCH)

- Used to carry generic, system-related information. Broadcast channels are used for such functions as (1) frame synchronization of the mobile station, (2) conveyance of DCCH structure parameters and parameters that are essential fo r a mobil e to access the system, and (3) convey ance of the broadcast short message service (SMS)

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SMS Point- to-point, Paging, and Access Response Channel (SPACH)

Used to deliver short messages to a specific mobile station (in the contex t of SMS services) and carry signaling information necessary for access-management functions . SPACH channels are shared, point-to-point, unidir ectional (forward-only) control channels. Broadcast channels are shared, point-to- multipoint, unidirectional (forward-on ly) channels.

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DCCH, Shared Channel Feedback (SCF)

- Support for SCF includes

support for the encoding of SCF flags.

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DCCH, Reserved Channel

-The Reserved Channel is f or future use, to

ensure upward compatibility with first generation mobil es.

The reverse DCCH (mobile ? cell) consists of a random access channel (RACH). The RACH is used by IS-136 compliant mobiles to request access to the system. At any given moment, a mobile station accesses only a limited number of the channels appearing on its radio i nterface.

DCCH Feat ure Offerings

Channel Organization for Forward DCCH Superframes

Short Message Servic e (SMS)

Enables users to receive visual messages with the potential for up to 256 alphanumeric char acters on t heir I S-136 co mpli ant mobi les. Transmission of short messages permits a mobile to function as a pager. Projections show SMS will increase the percentage of completed terminations.

Sleep Mode

Extends the battery life of portables, increasing talk time between recharging. Allows subscribers t o make longer and more frequent calls.

Private Networ ks

DCCH development has made it easier for ser vice providers to offer closed wireless systems with cus tomiz ed feature packages for user groups in an off ice or campus environment.

The DCCH radio must transmit a b urst at a fixed power level in timeslots 1 and 4 of every TDMA frame to allow mobiles to make power measurements. Thus, the DCCH radio must always have its RF carrier turned on and set at a fixed pow er level. It can be used to carry digital traffic channels, but the carrier power level remains fixed; the DCCH radio is ineligible for dynamic power control.

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The reverse DCCH (mobile ? cell) consists of a random access channel (RACH). The RACH is used by IS-136 compliant mobiles to request access to the system.

At any given moment, a mobile station accesses only a limited number of the channels appearing on its radio i nterface.

Digital Traffic Channels

DTC Dedicated Control Channels

The digital traffic channel is dedicated to the transport of user and signaling information between the Cell Site and the mobile station, and between the mobile station and the Cell Site . A digit al traffi c channel implies a f orward and re ver se pair of communication paths.

Currently, the digital traffic chan nel onl y carries encoded speech at a full-rate information r ate. In the future, the digital traffic channel will be able to carry either encoded speech or user data. When half-rate speech coding is defined for IS-54 TDMA, the digital traffic channel will be able to carry encoded speech at one of two information rates (i.e., full rat e or half rate). The half-rate channel makes use of half as much radio resour ces as the full-rate channe l, which leads to a two-fold increase in spectrum efficiency.

When a Cell Site supports half-rate coding (future), each physical channel on a TDMA radio will be able to carry one half-rate channel, meaning that a TDMA radio will be able to support six user channels (one user channel per physical channel.)

There are two separ ate dedi cated cont rol chan nels associat ed with a d igit al traf fic channel. These channels are the slow associated control channe l (SACCH) and the fast associated control channel (FACCH). Dedicated control channel s are point-to-point bidir ectional channels used after cal l establishment f or signaling and control.

Table 3-1. Logical Channel Minimum Slots Maximum Slots

Logical Channel Minimum Slots Maximum Slots

F-BCCH (F) 3 10 E-BCCH (E) 1 8

S-BCCH (S) 0 15 RESERVED (R) 0 7 SPACH (NOTE) 1 32 - (F + E + S + R)

The digital traffic channel transmits either user information along with SACCH data, or it transmits FACCH data in a blank-and-b urst mode. FACCH is transmitted in the data fields normally used for user i n formation (speech data).

FACCH and user information cannot be sent simultaneously.

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Digital Verification Color Code Channels

Digital verification color code (DVCC) is the TDMA counterpart of the AMPS supervisory audio tone (SAT). There are 255 DVCC codes as opposed to three SAT codes, which provide greater assurance that a TDMA radio is listeni ng to the right mobile instead of a co-channel interferer. The same 255 DVCC codes are available to each TDMA Cell Site.

DVCC values range from 1 to 255. It is recommended that each Cel l Site be assigned one distinct DVCC value, meaning that all of the digita l traffic channels for a particular Cell Site will have the same DVCC. A simplistic assignment method is to assign a DVCC value that corresponds to the Cell Site number.

At a TDMA Series II Cell Site, a TDMA radio serving a mobile call continuously transmits a coded DVCC * on the digital traffic channel to the mobile, and the mobile continuously loops back the coded DVCC to the TDMA radio.

If the TDMA radio receives the correct DVCC, the serving cell knows that

■

continuity exists on the digital and that the call is sti ll active. If the TDMA radio receives no DVCC for a translatable timeout interval

■

(ranging from two to 20 seconds, specified using the RC/V ceqface form), the serving cell considers the call to be lost and releases the digital traffic channel and associated trunk member.

If the TDMA radio receives the wrong DVCC, the serving cell knows that

■

the mobile is in a fade condition and that either the mobile or the TDMA radio is receiving a remote int erfering signal. The cell initiates a handoff and temporarily blocks the digital traffic channel experiencing the interference, making the channel unavailable to handle traffic.

Handoff and Handoff Types

The interference level at which the cell blocks a channel is determined by certain translatable values. Interference is considered unacce ptable when (1) the signal strength measured on the digital tr affic channel falls below a certain translatable signal-level threshold, (2) the frame error rate (FER) detected on the digital traffic channel exceeds a certain translatable FER threshold, or (3) the bit error rate (BER) detected on the digital traf fic channel exceeds a certain translatable BER threshold. F or digital trans miss ions , signal quality depends on the accur acy of the received fr ame and bit sequences.

A handoff is the passing of a call f rom one traffi c channel to anot her traf fic channel to provide better service and higher quality communication to the mobile user. Conditions that can trigger a handoff include poor signal strength and poor signal quality. Handoff is required to maintain a call in prog ress as the mobile station passes from one Cell Site coverage area to another.

As defined in TIA IS-54, there are three types of handoff:

1. Intra-cell handoff - Handoff within the same Cell Site

2. Inter-cell handoff - Handoff between nei ghboring Cel l Si tes wi thin the s ame MSC

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3. Inter-MSC handoff - Handoff between neighboring Cell Sites controlled by two different Cell Sites in two different MSCs

NOTE:

For all three t ypes of handoff, the serving cell initiates the handoff by sending a handoffrequest messa ge to the MSC . Include d in the mes sage is a list of optimal Cell Site candidates to whi ch the call may be switch ed. The MSC selects a candidate from the list and initiates the handoff-related procedure.

There are cases where the MSC will initiate a handoff without direction from the Cell Site, for the purpose of traffic balancing or maintenance, such as to transf er all calls from a particular Cell Site to another so that the Cell Site can be taken off-line for testing.

The Series II platform supports the following additional types of handoff:

TDMA to TDMA

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TDMA to AMPS

■

AMPS to TDMA

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AMPS to AMPS

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Mobile-Assisted Handoff Procedure

The TIA IS-54 standard reco mmends the TDMA mobile-a ssi sted handof f (MAHO) procedure for TDMA/AMPS dual-mode mobiles when they are served on TDMA digital traffic channels. The mobiles measure the signal str ength of neighboring antenna faces and report the measurements to the serving cell to determine optimal candidate faces for handoff.

The mobile-assisted handoff is a proce ss where a mo bile in TDMA mode, under direction from a Cell Site, measures signal quality of specified RF channels. These measurements are forwarded to the Cell Site upon request to assist in the handoff process.

During initial call setup, the serving cell sends the mobile a Measurement Order Message that contains a list of up to twelve frequencies, called MAHO channel s. Each frequency corresponds to a setup channel, DCCH channel, or a beacon channel (an analog voice channel or digital traffic channel kept on at constant power to support MAHO) associated with a physical antenna face that neighbors the serving face.

* A coded D V CC is a 12- bit data field co ntaining the 8-bit DVCC and four protection bits; it is sent in each tim eslot of the

digital traffic channel.

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NOTE:

The beacon radio can also be used for voice communi cations , but i ts carrier power level remain s fi xed. The beacon radio is ineligibl e for dynamic power control.

When the call is establi shed, the mobile makes signal strength mea surements of the twelve (or less) MAHO channels, once per second, and reports the measurements to the serving cell. In addition, and also at a once-per- second rate , the mobile measures both the sig nal strength and signal qualit y of the serving cell and reports the measurements to the serving cell. It is from these measurements that the Cell Site selects the most pro misi ng handoff candidates.

While the mobile is measuring the received signal strengths of the neighb oring MAHO channels and the receive d signal strength and quality of the serving cell, the serving cell is measuring the received signal strength and quality of the mobile. The serving cell analyzes bot h the cel l-initiated and mobile-initiated measurements to determine if a handoff will provide better service to the mobile user.

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HandOff Based on Interference (HOBIT) / INterference Look-Ahead ( IN LA) Enhanceme n t s

For TDMA, interference on a serving channel is detected when any of the following measurements exceeds its threshold:

1. BER Threshold - Uplink Bit Error Rate (cell BER) (cell2 form)

2. FER Threshold - Uplink Frame Error Rate (cell FER) (cell2 form)

3. TDMA BER Avg. Samp le - Downlink Bit Error Rate (mobile BER) (fci f orm)

When excessi v e cel l or mobil e BER or e x cessive cell FER cause a handoff trigger and no better server can be found through the normal handoff process, the Handoff Based on Interference for TDMA (HOBIT) feature allows the call to be handed off to another radio channel on the serving logical antenna fac e (LAF) i n order to escape the interference.

However, the previous implementation of the HOBIT feature allowed a handoff to another channel on the same Logical Antenna Face (LAF) when it detected interference, regardless of whether the interference was caus ed by a weak signal in a low noise/interference area or whether there truly was high noise/interf er ence in the signal.

This meant that a mobile in a relatively weak serving area could hav e a BER and/ or FER higher than the respective BER and/or FER threshold. In the pre vious implementation of HOBIT, this would cause a handoff to another channel on the same LAF. However, after the handoff, the mobile would still be in the same weak serving area and the BER and/or FER would not be improved.

The minimum amount of time that can pass before another handoff is allowed is set in:

Min HO int . for TD MA (fci form)

In the pre vious implementat ion of HOBIT, the Minimum Handoff Interval for TDMA, also known a s hobitime , w ould expire and th e unimpro ved BER and/or FER would result in yet another handoff to another channel on the same LAF. In this way, HOBIT handoff could continue throughout the duration of the call without improving voice quality. Additionally, this continuous handoff increased the likelihood that calls would be dropped and, thereby, could actually add to the rate of dropped calls.

Enhanced HOBIT was designed to el iminate excessive HOBIT-triggered handoffs that were pre vi ously c aused b y HOBIT’s inability to distinguish betw een l ow si gnal strength in the serving area and actual noise or interference on the signal channel. Eliminating excessive HOBIT-triggered handoffs decreases the number

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of dropped calls. This , in turn, increases the number of completed calls, which increase both subscriber sat isfaction and provider revenu e.

The Enhanced HOBIT feature minimizes dropped calls by comparing uplink and downlink signal strength measurements to new, provider-definable upl ink and downlink signal strength thresholds to determine whether the serving logical antenna face (LAF) should be added to the handoff candidate l ist. In this way, the E-HOBIT feature avoids handoffs within the same LAF if the handoff is based on weak signal strength only.

The three new signal strength thresholds used by the E-HOBIT feature are:

1. uhtdm Uplink HOBIT to Dual Mode (Fci form) Range (0-127)

2. dhtdm Downlink HOBIT to Dual Mode (Fci form) Range (0-31)

3. dhta Downlink HOBIT to AMPS (only) (Fci form) Range (0-31)

All three of these thresholds are provider-definable, which gives the Service Provider a gr eat deal of control ov er HOBIT handoffs t o TDMA or AMPS channels. Setting the three p arameters abov e determines the Al lowa ble Handof f Type, which can be either of two values:

1. Dual Mode (HOBIT allowed to either TDMA or AMPS)

2. AMPS (HOBIT allowed to AMPS only).

The Allowable Handoff Type AMPS option will enable a service provider to direct HOBIT handoffs from TDMA radios to AMPS r adios , e v en if a sec ond TDMA radi o is available on the same face. This allows providers to deploy their radios more effectively.

NOTE:

These enhancements only affect the handoff criteria for potential candidate channels on the serving LAF. They do not affect handof f criteria to neigh bor secto r s or cells.

A complementary feature to HOBIT, Interfer ence Look Ahead (INLA), improves the quality of calls by ensuring that a handoff is made only to a channel that has an acceptably lo w level of interference. INLA does this by taking the signal strength measurements of the candidate channel and comparing them against predefined INLA thresholds for TDMA or AMPS to determine if the leve l of interference on the candidate channel is acceptable or not. The INLA thresholds are:

INLA threshold - AMPS (RSSI) (ECP form) Range (0-31) INLA threshold - TDMA (RSSI) (ECP form) Range (0-31)

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At most, three sear ches are made f or a clear handoff channel. Pre viously, the call would be handed off on the last attempt regardless of interference. Enhanced INLA eliminates any HOBIT-init iated handoffs to channels with e xcessive interference. For all handoff triggers other than HOBIT, INLA actions remain unchanged.

The INLA feature complements the HOBIT feature by ensuring that a HOBIT-initiated handoff is not made to a noisy channel . Whil e Enhanced HOBIT minimizes the n umber of dr opped calls cau sed b y int erference, INLA improv es the quality of handoffs b y preventing a handoff from one channel with an unacceptable interference level to another channel with an equally unacceptable interference level. Lucent strongly recommends that these two features be used together to both minimize the number of dropped calls and improve the quality of calls that are handed off.

Based on these three threshold s, and assuming that the serving LAF is the only potential handoff candidate , the possib le results of HOBIT/INLA are: Handoff from TDMA to TDMA or AMPS, handoff from TDMA to AMPS, or the handoff is aborted.

The Enhanced HOBIT/INLA features work with TDMA-compliant mobiles. Other than that, the Enhanced HOBIT f eature has no additional, specific hardware requirements.

Enhanced HOBIT/INLA feature require ECP and Cell Release 12.0. Lucent strongly recommends that both Enhanced HOBIT and INLA be used togeth er for maximum effect iveness.

No new FAF or QFAF provisions will be required to support the HOBIT or INLA enhancements.

E-HOBIT and INLA are activated when the fields below are set to "y."

HO INT TDMA (cell2 form) INLA (cell2 form)

Service Measurements (SM)

HOBIT/INLA introduces the six new Service Measurements below: Series 2 TDMA ECP Logical Antenna F ace Counts (ECP-LAF-TDMA)

1. ECP-LAF TDMA Field 11 - HOBIT Request Aborted Due to Interferenc e Series II TDMA Logical Antenna Face Counts (LAF-TDMA)

2. LAF-TDMA Field 46 - HOBIT Request to Dual Mode of Serving F ace

3. LAF-TDMA Field 47 - HOBIT Request to AMPS Due to W ea k Uplink Si gnal

4. LAF-TDMA Field 48 - HOBIT Request to AMPS Due to Weak Downlink Signal

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5. LAF-TDMA Field 49 - HOBIT Request with Weak Uplink Signal

6. LAF-TDMA Field 50 - HOBIT Request Aborted Due to Weak Downlink Signal

For complete det ail s regarding the Enhanced HOBIT F eature, please ref er to Lucent Technologies Practices document 401-612-237, HandOff Based on Interference (TDMA).

Handoffs based on interference will be made only to a TDMA time slot on a different DRU from the serving DRU. If no such time slot is available, the call will be handed off to an analog channel.

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Switch-Based TDMA Voice Coder/ Decoder (Vocoder)

Currently, vocoders and echo cancellers used in the Autoplexr TDMA system are located in the Digital Radi o Units (DR Us) and the Enhanced DR Us (EDR Us) at the Cell Site (CS). This feat ure relocates the vocoders and echo cancellers from the EDRUs to the Packet Handler for Voice (PHV3 and/or PHV4) boards at the 5ESS-2000 DCSr (Digital Cellular Switch). Implement ati on, then, requires PHV3 and/or PHV4 boards at the DCS. This f eature does not reloc ate the vocode rs from the DRUs to the DCS. This feature will henceforth be referr ed to as the "Switch-Based TDMA Vocoder Relocation" feature.

The Switch-Based Vocoder feature is off ered to the customer on a per cell basis. The feature is switched on via a Quali fied Feature Acti vation File (QFAF) (i.e., the feature is "QFAF-able"). It does not i mpa ct the mobiles and has no external product or OEM dependencies.

The Switch-Based Vocoder feature provides the following benefits:

1. Facilities concentration

2. Vocoder/Echo Canceller pooling

Facilities Concentration

3. Platform for multipl e speech coding algorithm support (n>=2)

4. Semi-soft handoff

5. Packet mode transport

The benefits and rationales are discussed below. Speech carried via TDMA is compressed and digitized (encoded) into an 8Kb/s

stream by the voice coder/decoder (vocoder) located inside the mobile unit. The channel coder adds err or protection to the 8Kb/ s stream, which results i n a 13 Kb/ s stream that is then broadcast over the air to the Cell Sit e (CS).

When the CS receives the 13 Kb/s stream, the channel coder strips the error protection bits off and performs error correction which lea ves the 8Kb/s stream. The vocoder in an EDRU radio board then decodes the 8Kb/s stream into a 64Kb / s u-law/a-law Pulse Code Modulated (PCM) stream. The 64Kb/s PCM stream is sent to the DCS at the Mobile Switching Center (MSC) via a Digital Switch level 0 (DS0). A DS0 carries a single mobile’s conversation (i.e., 64Kb/s PCM stream) between the CS and the DCS.

It is the 64Kb/s PCM stream (and the overhead bits required for transport) that requires the exclusive use of one DS0 to transmit the stream from the CS to the DCS. If the CS vocoder were relocated at the DCS, then the much smaller 8Kb/s stream would not require the exclusive servi ce of one DS0 to be transmitted from

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the CS to the DCS. This would free up DS0s to carry more traffic, thereby increasing the number of calls per facility and decreasing the number of facilities required. Therefore, for Release 12.0, vocoders inside the EDRU radio boards at the CS have been relo cated to the Packet Handler for Voice (PHV) boards at the DCS.

This featur e provi des a concentr a tion of at least 3 to 1 TDMA calls on the f aci lit ies between the DCS and the Series II CSs . As the system e v olv es , this concentr ation will increase. Howe ver, this feature will not impact pre-existing syst em performance or call setup times.

Vocoder / Echo Canceller Pooling

Each radio time slot requires one vocoder and one echo canceller. That is, each time slot requires a vocoder/echo-cancell e r pair. Relocating the voc oders to the DCS centralizes them and lets t he provider pool them, which reduces the number of vocoders requi red. The number of vocoders needed can be set by the technician depending on the expected traf fi c and service grade (i.e. blocking rate) instead of depending on the number of radios needed to physically cover a service area.

Because the echo cancelle rs are incl uded with the v ocoders in the P ac ket Handl er for Voice (PHV) boards they are also centralized and pooled. These echo cancellers are part of the standard feature package. Customers who do not want to use the standard echo cancellers or who want to install third party echo canceller boards, can use the RCV mechanism, wh ich is also provided, to bypass the PHV echo cancellers.

Platform for Multiple Speech Coding Algorithm Support

The EDRU previously supported a maximum of two speech coding algorithms which could be switched on a per call basis. Relocating the vocoders to a centralized platform allows the EDRU to support multiple (two or more) speech coding algorithms. In the 5ESS-2000 DCS Switch, each PHV board can support one type of algorithm. As new algorithms are standardi zed, this feature makes it easier to implement and support these future speech coders. Additional PHV boards can be added or existing PHV boards can be downloaded with the new algorithms. Then, calls can be assigned to a particular vocoder based on the algorithm requested by the mobile.

* This architectu re suppo rts pack et mode tr an sport. In pac ket mode transport, overhe ad/co ntro l bits a re added to the 8

Kb/s stream.

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Semi-s oft Handof f (intr a -DCS, inter- DCS)

The definition of a TDMA semi-soft handoff is:

Different Frequency (hard handoff at the CS)

■

Same Vocoder / Echo Canceller (soft handoff at the DCS)

■

The Switch-Based Vocoder feature improves the voice quality of a cal l durin g handoff in two ways:

1. It reduces the amount of processing needed for handoff because reassignment and sw itching of some components is not necessary.

2. Because the same vocoder/echo-canceller pair are used throughout, you do not have the degradation of voice quality observed whene ver a new vocoder and echo canceller pair is needed for a handoff.

The reason for the degradation of voice quality observed when a new vocoder/ echo-canceller pai r is needed is that algorithms for echo cancellers require an initial tr ainin g period t o a djust to the particular char acteri stics of the voices in each conversation. If a new vocoder and echo canceller i s not needed for a handoff, then any degr adation of v oice qu ality observed i n the past will no longer occur with semi-soft handoff.

Intra-DCS Semi-soft Handoff

A Semi-soft handoff within the DCS (Intra-DCS) forces the same vocoder/echo canceller pair to be used when the mobile switches from one frequency t o another, as long as the new frequency is provided by the same CS (intra-cell) or by the same sector (intra-sector). Intra-DCS Semi-sof t Handoff is also used when the mobile switches from one frequency to another and the ne w freq uency is provided by a different CS (inter-cell) but where that CS terminates on the same DCS (intra-switch). For this functionality to work in a DCS with more than one Pac ket Switching Unit (PSU), all the PSUs within the DCS have to be interconnected vi a Packet Handler fo r Asynchr onous Transfer Mode (ATM) boards (PHA boards). The Switch-Based Vocoder feature supports Intra-DCS semi-soft handoff.

Inter-DCS Semi-soft Handoff

Currently, the Switch-Based Vocoder feature does not support Inter-DCS semi-soft handoff. However, we will define it here to complete the discussion of handoff types. Inter -DCS semi-soft handoff forces the same vocoder/echo canceller pair t o be use d when the mobile s w itche s from one fre quency to anot her and the new frequency is provided by a CS that terminates on another switch (inter-DCS). The interconnection of a coll ection of PSUs from a group of switches can be used to create a large, virtual vocoder pool across a large coverage area (e.g. nationwide).

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Time Division Multiple Access (TDM A)

Packet Mode Transport

The Switch-Based Vocoder feature implements a packet mode transport Link Access Protocol on D-channel (LAP-D/Frame Relay v a riant) to transmit voi ce frames between t he CS and the DCS . Packet mode transport is implemented as a step towards evolving to an architecture based on a packe t mode backbo ne using packet mode standards such as ATM or Frame Relay (FR). In the future, this architecture will allow system components (i.e. Cel l Si tes, Switches, etc.) to hook into establishe d ATM/FR wide area networks and to achieve connecti vity with each other.

Packet Pipe (PP) Implementation

In the Series II CSs, the PP transport software is implemented in the EDRU . One of the six Digital Signal Processor s (DSPs) that previously processed the vocoder and echo canceller algorithms has been reused to support the PP transport protocol. Installing this feature in field-deplo yed CSs only requires a downl oad of new software to the DSP. The CS does not require any hardware changes to support this feature.

The FRPH and PHV packet handler boards are not supported on the Classic Switch Modules (SMs). Therefore, at least one SM-2000 per DCS is required to implement this feature. Pre-existing trunk terminations on the Classic SMs, however, do not need to be changed to implement this feature. Changes can be made within the 5ESS-2000 DCS switch to re-rout e the DS0s comin g int o the Classic SMs out to an SM-2000. Today, those DS0s are sent to outgoing PSTN trunks.

Cell Sites Supported by the Switch-Based Vocoder feature

The Switch-Based Vocoder feature is supported on T1 and E1 voice/data trunks. T1 voice/dat a trunks are f ou r-wir e v oice /data t runks that carry 24 duple x channel s via 64Kb/s time slices. E1 voice/data trunks are four-wire voice/data trunks that carry 30 duplex channels via 56Kb/s time slices.

The Switch-Based Vocoder feature supports Cell Sites (CSs) with some or all of the following configurati ons:

All EDRUs and DRUs with vocoders in the CS

■

All EDRUs with vocoders in the DCS

■

Mixed configuration of all EDRUs with vocoders in the DCS and all DRUs

■

with vocoders in the CS

Use of DS1 and/or DFI boards at the cell

For TDMA Cells, the following applies: Switch-based vocoder packe t pip e (PP) has been successfully implemented on

Series II TDMA cell sites that have traditional DS1 boards installed. However, the

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Time Division Multiple Access (TDM A)

traditional DS1 bo ard only supports a 56Kb packet pipe rate. Also, the DS1 board is manufact ure r discontin ued and is being replaced b y th e 3500B DFI board. That means that switch-based vocoder packet pipe can also be implemented on the new TDMA PCS minicells, which have the 3500B DFI boards installed. Additionally, the 3500B DFI board supports both the 56Kb and the 64Kb packet pipe rates.

For CDMA Cells, the following appli es: Switch-based voc oder packet pip e (PP) implementation on CDMA cell sites

requires that DFI boards be installed at the cell.

Operation, Administration, and Maintenance (OA&M)

To facilitate Oper ati on, Administration, and Maintenance (OA&M), the Switch-Based Vocoder feature uses new and/or modified:

1. Recent Change (RC/V) screens

2. Technician Interface (TI) input commands and output reports

3. Status Display Pages (SDP). These forms allow the technician to:

— Designate each cell as being configured with the vocoder in the cell

or the vocoder in the DCS

— Assign a vocoder algorithm to each PHV board at the DCS — Assign radio timeslots to Packet Pipes (PPs) — Assign DS0s to PPs — Bypass the echo cancell ers in the PHV boards at the DCS

To facilitate Packet Pipe (PP) maintenance, Man-Machine Language (MML) commands are also provided with the Switch-Based Vocoder feature.

Existing input and output commands and status display pages used for maintenance of TDMA PPs on the Ex ecut iv e Cell Proces sor Comple x (ECPC), t he cell, and the 5ESS-2000 DCS Switch have been updated to reflect that PP maintenance does not apply specifical ly to CDMA technology.

Cell Site OA&M

Implementing the PP protocol changes the structure of CS trunks from full rate 64Kb/s DS0s that can handle only one call, to gr oups of DS0s that support a parameterized number of multiplexed calls. This impacts trunk maintenance, as described below.

Maintenance actions (such as remove, restore, diagnostics) that were previously performed on a trunk (DS0) basis are now also performed on a PP trunk basis, if the Switch-Based Vocoder feature is implemented. The di fference is that when a maintenance action is performed on a DS0 it affects only one call, whereas when a maintenance action is performed on a PP, it can affect more than one call.

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Time Division Multiple Access (TDM A)

The Maintenance Request Administrator (MRA) at the Radio Control Complex (RCC) continues to handle all such maintenance requests (i.e., remove, restore, diagnostics). Those tr anslations in the RCC hav e been updated to check and report the status of PP trunks, in addition to the status of pre-existing trunks. Maintaining PP status allows the RCC to tak e appropriate action for any maintenance requested on a PP.

Therefore, a CS with a mixture of DRUs and EDRUs, and with the Switch-Based Vocoder feature implemented, continues to suppo rt all the OA&M of pre-existing trunks as well as that of the new PPs. The RCC also supports both technician-initiated and autonomous maintenance actions request ed for a PP.

Additionally, the RCC/EDRU detects and reports any PP f ailure(s) back to the ECPC (i.e. transmit identification [XID] packets are not received in time, voice packe ts do not arriv e when e xpected, et c.). The CS rec eives , re cognizes , and acts on PP status messages received fr om the ECPC.

For CS EDR U s for which the vocoder has been relocated at the DCS, vocoder-specific OA&M has been disabled and all other OA&M function ali ty remains. EDRU testing that requires a vocoder has been re-imple men ted to be independent of the need to have a vocoder at the CS.

The follo w ing radio-related OA&M subsystems that reside in the Radio Control Complex (RCC) ha ve been redesigned:

Configuration Utilities (CFUT) Diagnostics (DN) Measurement (MEAS)

These subsystems, which operate within the CS, have been redesigned because certain functions performed by the Vocoder no longer exist in every EDRU.

In particular, for those EDRUs whose vocoders have been moved to the DCS, there are:

No Vocoder MUTE/UNMUTE settings

■

No Vocoder Tx/Rx Gain settings

■

No Vocoder Tx Tones generated

■

The only EDRU-specific Diagnostic test impacted by the Switch-Based Vocoder feature is the Baseband Transmission Level test. Voice-band tests include the Baseband Transmission Level Test of the DN subsystem and Audio Level Measurements of the MEAS subsystem. The MEAS subsystem performs Audio Lev el Measurements in both Transmit (Tx) and Receive (Rx) directions. Voice-band tests use a Clock And Tone (CAT) board to generate and detect a tone, and a TDMA Radio Test Unit (TRTU) to emulate a mobile phone.

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Because the voice encoding/decoding (vocoding) functions are still necessary to carry out voice-band tests, Vector Sum Excited Linear Predictive (VSELP) vocoding is provided by an EDRU’s Packet Pipe Digital Signal Processor (PP DSP) that talks only to Time Slot 2. The RCC changes the operating mode of an EDRU’s PP DSP to VSELP vocoding mode before conducting any vo ice-band test. When the PP DSP operates as a VSELP vocoder, the muting functions default to off and the Tx/ Rx Gains d ef aul t to 0x400 0 (i. e ., t here i s no Vocoder Gain setting, no MUTE/UNMUTE setting, and no Tx Tone). The RX/TX Audio Level Measurements are not affected by the Network Transmission Level (NTL).

To perform the DN, MEAS and CFUT test functions, the RCC directly controls the DSPs of the EDRU via the TDM message "RMRCC2DSP". This message is relayed by the Maintenance Handler (MH) subsystem of the EDRU to an appropriate DSP while the EDRU is in the maintenance mode.

Below is a summary of the radio-related OA&M subsys tems t hat reside in the RCC, and how they are affect ed by the Switch-Based Vocoder feature.

Diagnostic subsys tem (DN)

The Baseband Transmission Level Test is performed only on Time Slot 2,

■

without any Vocoder Gain settings based on NTL. The Diagnostics are not aff ected by the absence of the MUTE/UNMUTE

■

settings. The pre-existing Di agnostics continue to function, without the Tx Tones

■

from the EDRU and the Test Radio. The system performs a PP DSP version check.

■

Measurement subsystem (MEAS)

Tx/Rx Audio Level Measurement s are no long er affected by NTL because

■

the Vocoder Gain setting s are no longer supported. Audio Le vel Measurements are only performed on Time Slot 2.

■

The other measurements made by the Technician Interface (TI) "MEAS"

■

remain unchanged.

Configuration Utilities subsystem (CFUT)

The CAT Tone can only be connected to Time Slot 2.

■

There are no MUTE/UNMUTE settings.

■

ECPC OA&M Support of the Cell Site

In the Switch-Based Vocoder feature, the RC/V DB for the ECPC Subsystem allows the technician to specify a group of contiguous DS0s (1 to 8) on one DS-1

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Time Division Multiple Access (TDM A)

to make up one P acket Pipe (PP). The RC/V DB restri cts the width of a PP to 1 DS0 for Series II CSs.

The ECPC Subsystem supports the Cell Site(s) as follows:

Provides the maintenance commands for PPs and notifies the CS of PP

■

status changes Handles PP failure messages from the CS

■

Supports OA&M of trunks and PPs

■

Supports audits for pre-exi sting CS trunks and for the new CS PPs

■

Feature Activation and Installation

The Switch-Based Vocoder feature is off ered to the customer on a per cell basis. Therefore, customers may opt to have some cell s with vocoders at the DCS and some cells with vocoders in the CS mixed within the same system. The feature is switched on via a Qualified Feature Acti vation File (QFAF) (i .e., the feature is "QFAF-able"). It does not impact the mobiles and has no external product or OEM dependencies.

Feature acti vation data is downloadable to the cell sites via translations. The ECPC RC/ V DB softwar e and the RCV interface allow the customer to assign t his feature to particular CSs and specifies which CSs have the feature implemented, so that the correct images can be downloaded and activated at t he cell sites.

At the cell site, a new NVM image is dow nloaded into those EDRUs for which the Switch-Based Vocoder Feature is activated, to support the Packet Pipe (PP) protocol at both the DSP and the EDRU main contr oller .

Call processing and O A&M so ftwa re e xecute properly for either stat e of an EDRU, with this feature activated or wi thout.

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Time Division Multiple Access (TDM A)

Separate Acces s Thre s hold s for DCCHs and DTCs (SEPA)

This section describes the feature called "Separ ate Access Thresholds for DCCHs and DTCs"(SEPA), developed in response to AMUG 36-12. The SEPA feature is a standard feature which does not require activation. It is being introduced in Cell Softwar e Release R12.0 and ECP Release 12.0 for the Time Division Multipl e Access (TDMA) Cell ular (850 MHz) and PCS (1.8 GHz) Seri es II product family. The SEPA feature inter faces and functions with the TDMA R12.0 cell site and the ECP R12.0 (MSC) in both the Cellular and PCS configurations.

Let us begin our discussion of the (SEPA) feature, with some definitions and background information.

To begin, let us look at the Digital Control Channel (DCCH). The DCCH transmits the control information needed to set-up and handle a digital call between a Cell Site and an IS-136-compliant digital mobile station. For the purpose of discussing the SEPA feature, the DCCH carries:

Page Response messages that the mobile sends to the cell site in

■

response to a paging messages that the cell site has sent to the mobile Mobile-Origination messages that the mobile sends to the cell site to alert

■

the cell site that the mobile is init iating a call. The DCCH is carried on user channel 1 of a TDMA Digital Radio Unit (DRU) or Enhanced DRU (EDRU). Because the DRU and the EDRU carry three channels, a DCCH DRU or EDRU can carry two Digital Traffic Channels (DTCs) in addition to the DCCH. A DTC transmits the actual content, the digitally-encoded speech, of a call.

The DCCH sends messages from the cell site "down to" the mobile on its downlink (aka forward link) over three logical channels:

1. SPACH (SMS Point-to-point, Paging, and Access Response Channel)

2. BCCH (Broadcast Control Channel)

3. SCF (Shared Channel Feedback)

The SMS point-to-poi nt, Pagi ng, and Access Response Channel (SPACH) carries messages from the cell site to the mobile. SPACH is itself divided into the three following subchannels according to the type of message carried:

1. SMS Channel: Delivers short messages to a specific mobile unit when the SMS feature is active

2. Paging Channel: Delivers pages and orders

3. Access Response Channel (ARCH): Conveys call handling information in response to a mobile unit attem pt to access the system

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Time Division Multiple Access (TDM A)

To access a digital cellular network, an IS-136 mobile must fi rst access a DCCH. The "Access Threshold"of a cell site is a paramet er that is used to determine whether a mobile will be gr a nted access to the ce ll si te. Starting with Cell Release

8.0, the determination is made by comparing the Mobile Power Class (MPC) of the mobile to the Access Threshold of the cell sit e. MPCs are recognized for Class-I, Class-II, Class-III, and Class-IV mobiles. Class I and Class II mobile are higher-powered; Class I II and Cl ass IV mobi les are lo w er-pow ered and o ft en used in building s and cars. A service provider can lower the Access Threshold parameter to make it easier for Clas s III and IV mobiles to access the cell site. In any event, the determination is left completely up to the Service Provider.

The SEPA feature allows the Service Pro vid er to set the currently e xisting minimum received signal strength required to access the DCCH, the RSS_ACC_MIN threshold, to a relatively low v alue. This way, if a mobile requests access to a DCCH but the DCCH is busy, the mobile can "camp on" the SMS Channel (defined above) of the DCCH. For the mobile to "camp on" the DCCH, means that the mobile will continue monitoring the busy/idle status of the DCCH until the DCCH is free to service the mobile or until a timeout occurs.

Once a mobile has succes sfully ac cess ed a DCCH and acquir ed synchr onizati on, it decodes the data sent "dow n" to it by the cell site over the Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH) of the DCCH.

BCCH data is sent from the cell site "down to" the mobile on its downlink (aka forward link).

The BCCH logical channel is used to send system-related overhead and cont rol information, such as system identifi cation, neighbor lists of other DCCHs, and the DCCH frame structure of the cell, to the mobiles. The BCCH transmits this information to the mobile over three BCCH subchannels:

1. Fast Broadcast Control Channel (F-BCCH)

2. Extended Broadcast Control Channel (E-BCCH)

3. Short Message Service Broadcast Control Channel (S-BCCH)

The Fast BCCH sends time-critical data from the cell site to the mobile. The Extended BCCH (E-BCCH) broadcasts information that is less time-critical than F-BCCH information, such as Neighbor Cell List s and Signal Strength Measurements, to the mobiles. The E-BCCH channel also plays a major role in Mobile-Assisted Channel Allocation (MACA).

Mobile-Assisted Channel Allocation (MACA) requires an IS-136-compatib le mobile with MACA capability. MACA is the process by which a cell site asks a mobile that has accessed one of its DCCHs to measure and report the downlink signal strength of the serving DCCH and of the idle channels at the cell site. The cell site uses these measurements to determine which of the available channels offers the best downlink channel quality.

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The MACA_TYPE parameter, which is in the MACA message sent by the E_BCCH from the cell site to the mobile, tells the mobil e when to gener ate a MACA report. In the SEPA feature, the MACA_TYPE parameter is fix ed to Report MACA at P age Responses and Origination. Therefore, every time the IS-136 mobile sends an Origination or Page Response to the cell site, it also sends a MACA report.

The MACA_STA TUS parameter, that is in the MACA message sent by t he E_BCCH from the cell site to the mobile, tells the mobile which MACA function(s) to perform and to report back to the cell site. In the SEPA feature, the MACA_STA TUS parameter is fix ed at MACA STM enabled, indicating that the IS-136 mobile will perform and send a Short Term Received Signal Strength (ST_RSS) measurement fo r the cur rent DCCH. The ST_RSS value reported by the mobile is an average of at least f our measurements of the serving DCCH’s signal strength. How is this measurement used? Let us return to the subject "Access Threshold."

The Separate Access Thresholds for DCCH and DTC (SEPA) feature introduces an additional cell site Access Threshold- the DCCH_SETUP_ACCESS par ameter . When the cell site receives an Origination or Page Response from an IS-136 mobile camped on t he SMS Channel of a DCCH, it also r eceiv es the MA CA r eport of the serving DCCH’s signal strength (ST_RSS).

The cell compares the DCCH’s signal strength (ST_RSS) to the DCCH_SETUP_ACCESS parameter. The call is set up only if the signal strength of the serving DCCH (ST_RSS) is greater than or equal to the DCCH_SETUP_ACCESS threshold. This SEPA feature is only applicable for mobiles with MA CA cap ability. For mobiles without MACA capability , the ad diti onal cell site Access Threshold check is not made and the call proceeds as usual.

The DCCH_SETUP_ACCESS parameter is a per-sector, translatable parameter for which there is an RC/V chang e to the ceqface form.

The SEPA feature introduce s a second additional cell site Access Thres hold, the ISS_DR_DCCH parameter. The ISS_DR_DCCH parameter indicates whether the Insufficient Signal Strength Directed Retry feature is enabled for the serving DCCH/ sector . By setting the ISS_DR_DCCH parameter, the service provider controls the condition s under which a Directed Retry will occur.

A call will be given directed retry when all of the following conditions are met:

The ST_RSS measurement is below the cell site’s

■

DCCH_SETUP_ACCESS threshold. The ISS_DR_DCCH Directed Retry feature is enabled for the serving

■

DCCH/ sector. In the last ISS_DR_DCCH received by th e cell site, the Directed Retry bit is

■

not set.

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Time Division Multiple Access (TDM A)

For either of the two combinations of conditions below:

The ST_RSS measurement is below the DCCH_SETUP_ACCESS

■

threshold. The ISS_DR_DCCH’s Directed Retry bit is set f o r the serving sector .

■

The ST_RSS measurement is below the DCCH_SETUP_ACCESS

■

threshold. In the last ISS_DR_DCCH received by th e cell site, the Directed Retry bit is

■

not set.

The follo w ing two actions will be tak en: A Reorder message will be sent from the cell to the mobile to allow the mobile to

attempt an Origination.

A Release message will be sent to the mobile to allow it to attempt a Page Response.

- or -

- and -

The ISS_DR_DCCH parameter is a per-sector, translatable parameter for which there is an RC/V change to the ceqface form.

The SEPA feature also has two new Service Measurement Counters as follows: TEDRTORIGINS is a count of the Directed Retries on DCCH Origination, which

are caused by the ST_RSS measurement being below the cell site’s DCCH_SETUP_ACCESS threshold. TEDRTORIGINS is measured at the Cell and pegged (i.e., counted) per Physical Antenna Face (PAF).

TEDRTRTERMINS is a count of the Directed Retries on DCCH Termination, which are caused by the ST_RSS measurement being bel ow the cell site’s DCCH_SETUP_ACCESS threshold. TEDRTRTERMINS is measured at the Cell and pegged (i.e., counted) per PAF.

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Time Division Multiple Access (TDM A)

Two-Branch Intelligent Anntenna (TBIA)

EDRU and DRM implementation of TBIA

The Two-Branch Intelligent Anntenna (TBIA) feature is implemented in the Enhanced Digital Radio Unit (EDRU) and the Dual Radio Module (DRM), which are both digital rad ios . The TBIA f eat ure doe s not apply t o analog equipment or to analog signals on digital equipment .

The EDRU is in th e Time Di vision Multiple Access (TDMA) family of products and is used in the Series II Classic, Series IIe, Series IIm, Series IImm, and Personal Communications Systems (PCS) TDMA Minicel l products. The DRM is in Lucent’s Flexent fami ly of products. The TBIA feature does not have or add a separate EDRU or DRM Non-Volatile Memory (NVM) image. Both the existing EDRU NVM images (packet pipe & non-pack e t pipe) incorporate the new software. The TBIA feature requires TDMA R13 software.

The TBIA feature is implemented via software modifications in the Digital Signal Processors (DSPs) in the EDRU and the DRM. No changes need to be made to any Cell Site hardware. Therefore, the TBIA feature does not impact an existing base station’s RF footprint, antennas, size, or power. The TBIA feature does not require any external products and has no OEM dependencies. The TBIA feature has no impact on mobiles. Therefore, no particular mobile types are required.

For both the EDRU and the DRM, the TBIA feature is applied to the:

Digital Traffic Channel (DTC)

■

Digital Control Channel (DCCH)

■

TBIA Performance

The critical aspect of the TBIA feature is that in an interference dominated environment, it provides better voice quality on the reverse link (Mobil e to Base Station) by redu cing the perceived Bit-Error Ratio (BER) on the order of 3 dB, in the presence of co-channel interf erence . That is , on av era ge, BER decreases b y a nominal 3 dB when compared to the Maximal Ratio Combining (MRC) technique previousl y used by the EDRU and the DRM to combine rec eive div ersities.

The level of improv ement depends on the distribution of co- channel users in neighboring cells. Using soft ware processing, The TBIA feature allows each 30 kHz TDMA channel, to reduce or eliminate the effects of co-channel interference within the EDR U’s or DRM’s field of vi ew using baseband processing that combines the spatially separated diversiti es and applies the ad aptive interference rejection. The TBIA feature’s baseband processing is ab le to st eer a sp atial nul l at one co-channel interferer.

In a noise limited environment, the TBIA feature equals the performance of the existing maximal ratio combining technique used and does not significantly degrade the performance (received SINR or lost call rate) of the EDRU or DMR.

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Time Division Multiple Access (TDM A)

Therefore, while the TBIA feature does not improve Carrier-to-Noi se (C/N) performance it does not degrade it.

NOTE:

When the TBIA fe ature i s turned on, the service pro v ider may witness lower average C/I measurements derived from PLM data. This does not mean that the interf erence le v els ha v e worsen ed; rather, it is due to improved BER performance in the presence of the interference.

Finally, while the TBIA feature does not incr ease the existing capaci ty or range of a base station in a noise l imi ted environment, it can be used with a tower top Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) to prov ide interference rejection and range ext ension on the reverse link in a noise limited environment.

TBIA Availability

TBIA Activation

To expedite the TBIA feature to customers in the field, Lucent is releas ing it in two phases. Phase one incorporates the adaptive interference rejection technique, versus the previously used Maximal Ratio Combining technique, into the differ ential path of the DSPs in the EDRU and the DRM. Phase two of the feature will add the adaptive interference rejection technique into the trellis equalizati on path.

The TBIA feature is activated by a Qualified Feature Activation File (QFAF) on a per Cell Site basis. There are no QFAF activation translations for selecting the differ ential detection path ver sus the equalization path in the EDRU or the DRM.

The TBIA feature is enabled (or disabl ed) from the Mobile Switching Center (MSC) by transl ations which select adaptive interference rejection mode, or maximal ratio combining mode , on a logical face b y face basis for the DTC and a sector by sector basis for the DCCH.

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Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)

Contents

Contents 4-1

■

CDMA Overview 4- 4

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Transition to CDMA 4-4 CDMA Advantages Compared with AMPS and TDMA 4-5 Capacity 4-7

CDMA/AMPS Dual-Mode Operation 4-8

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Lucent Technologies CDMA Architecture 4-9

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Hardware Requirements 4- 9 Speech-Handling Equipment at the DCS 4-10 Call Setup 4-12

Mobile-to - Mo b ile C a lls 4-13

Radio Equipment 4-14

Radio Control Complex (RCC) 4-14 CDMA Series II Cell Site Radio Control Complex (RCC)

Shelf Changes 4-1 4

Cabinet Configurations 4-15

Radio Shelf 4-22 TDM Bus Addresses 4-23 Circuit Pack Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs) and Connectors 4-24

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4-1

Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)

Radios and Radio Equipment 4-24

CDMA Channel Constituents 4-24 CDMA Channel Unit (CCU) - CDMA Release 1 4-25 Thirteen-kbps Channel Unit (TCU) - CDMA Release 2 4-25 Mobile Switching Center (MSC) 4-25 Enhanced CDMA Channel Unit (ECU-3V(Q)) -

CDMA Release 5 4- 25

Enhanced CDMA Channel Unit (ECU-3V(L)) -

CDMA Release 7 4- 26 CDMA Cluster Controller (CCC) 4-26 CDMA Channel Unit (CCU) 4-27 Bus Interface Unit (BIU) 4-30 Analog Conversion Unit (ACU) 4-30 Baseband Combiner and Radio (BCR) 4-30 Synchronized Clock and Tone (SCT) 4-31 Digital Facilities Interface (DFI) 4-31

CRTU Components 4-31

CRTU interface (CRTUi) 4-32 CRTU mobile (CRTUm) 4-33

CDMA Series II Configuration Options 4-34

CDMA Subcell Configuration 4-34 Typical Configurations 4-35

Timing Requirements 4-35

15-MHz Reference Frequency 4-35 Refere nce Frequency and Timing Generator 4-36 Installing an RFTG 4-36 Field Upgrade of an RFTG 4-36 CDMA Series II Cell Site Generator Input 4-39

New Features and Upgrades 4-40

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Cell Site Synchronization Fai lure Warning &

Correction: Phase 1 4-40

New CDMA Cluster Controller (CCC) Board with

Increased SRAM 4-40

Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)

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Double Density Growth Frame (DDGF) 4-42

CDMA DDGF Description 4-42 DDGF Ar chi tec ture 4-42

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Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)

Fr ame Archi tecture 4-42 CDMA Radio Complex (CRC) Circuit Packs 4-42 Frame Configuration 4-4 6

Using the DDGF in a Series II Analog Cell Site 4-47

Cell Site Requirements 4-47 Configurations Supported for DDGF 4-47 Series II Configurations and Cell Site Line-Up

Supported for DDGF 4-47 Circuit Pack Placement for Series II Cell Site DDGF

Configurations 4-48 Recent Change and Verify (RC/V) forms 4-51 DDGF Interface 4-52

RFTG 4-52 CDMA DDGF Power Requirements and Distribution 4-55

CDMA DDGF +24 Volt Power Requirements 4-55 +24 Volt Power Distribution 4-55

Grounding Requirements 4-55

Volt DC Return (Grounding) 4-55 Fr ame and Base Station Grounding 4-5 6 Cable Installation for the DDGF 4-5 7

Connecting the DDGF to Frames in a Series II 4-59

Time Division Multiplex (TDM) Bus 1 4-65 TDM Bus Termination and Interconnection Cabling 4-65

CDMA Radio Test Unit Module and Interface 4-65

CRTUm and RSP Interaction 4-65 CDMA Radio Test Unit Module (CRTUm) 4-67 CRTUi/CRTUm/RCB/RSP Control And RF Interface 4-68 DDGF Impact on RF Testing 4-69

Alarms 4-69

415AE (or 415AC) DC-To-DC Converter Alarms 4-71 CDMA CRC Shelf Circuit Pack LED Indicat ors 4-71

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4-3

Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)

CDMA Overview

CDMA promises to increase th e capacit y of curr ent AMPS cell ular net works b y as much as ten-fold, as well as provide for new user applications and i mp roved quality of service. The Series II CDMA technology conforms to the TIA IS-95 standard.

CDMA uses a direct sequence spread spectrum technology. In this technology radio signals are spread across a single 1.23 MHz-wide frequency band. Individual calls are modulated by the three unique Pseudo-random Number (PN) codes during transmission and decoded usi ng those three codes during reception. Signals that do not contain the code matches are treated as noise and ignored. By using this method, a large number of CDMA calls may occupy the same frequency spectrum simultaneously. Two or more users communicate simultaneously over the same wide frequency band. (The wide frequency band is referred to as the CDMA carrier.) To distinguish between users, the system assigns each user a distinct bi nary code.

Transit io n to CDMA

The system spreads the tr ansmitted po wer o ve r a wide frequency band so t hat the power per unit bandwi dth (w at ts per hertz) is very small. Then, at the r eceiver, the signal is compress ed into its ori gina l narr o w band whil e lea vi ng the po w er of othe r (interfering) signals scattered over that same extremely wide transmi ssion band.

With CDMA, the bandwidth of a user’s data is spread over a larger bandwidth (1.23 MHz) by m ultiplying it by a binary code (sequence). The same code is used by the receiver to undo the spreading and re cover the original data— accomplished by mul ti plying the received signal by the kno wn code and fi lt ering through a low-pass filter. The other users’ data, whose codes do not match, are not despread in bandwidth; they contribute only to t he noise and represent a selfinterference generated by the system. There is no hard limit on the number of

system users.

CDMA, TDMA, and AMPS can coexist in the same cellular system. Initially, CDMA will be assigned to 1.23 MHz of the cellular frequency spectrum, which is the minimum practical spectrum that CDMA can use.

A set of Cell Sites capable of co ve ring the entire geog ra phic area wi ll be identi fied and equipped with CDMA radio equipment. (The number of Cell Sites will be far fewer than required by AMPS, as clarified in the following section, Advantages Compared with AMPS and TDMA.) Although only the selected Cell Sites are equipped with CDMA radio equipment, t he 1. 23-MHz segment of spec trum f or t he

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Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)

CDMA carrier is set aside in all Cell Sites in the local area (that is, the area of coverage), to prevent mutual interference between AMPS and CDMA transmissions.

The CDMA technolog y can be added t o t he Series II Cell Site b y (1 ) addi ng one or two CDMA growth radio channel frames (RCFs), (2) replacing the reference frequency generator with a reference freque ncy and timing generator (RFTG) to support timing based on a Global Positioning System (GPS), and (3) adding a GPS antenna.

AMPS and TDMA technologies can be supported in other RCFs, if desired. A typical technology integrated configuration will consis t of a primary RCF f or AMPS and a CDMA growth RCF for CDMA.

CDMA Advantages Compared with AMPS and TDMA

The real advantage of CDMA is the way it exploits the sporadic nature of conv ersation. People speak only about 35% of the time during a typical telephone conv ersati on. W hen users as signed t o the CDMA carrier ar e not tal king, all o thers on the carrier benefit with less interf erence. The vo ice activity factor reduces mutual interference by 65%, increasing the actual carrier capacity by three times.

Other advantages i nclude:

One radio per site - Only one radio is needed at each omnidirectional Cell

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Site or at each sector of a multi-sector Cell Sit e Freque ncy reuse factor of 1 - Unlike current AMPS and TDMA access

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technologies, which require frequency engineering to avoid co-channel (same channel) interference in nearby cells, the same block of CDMA spectrum may be reused in ever y cell or sector. CDMA, by its very design, can decode the proper signal in the presence of high in terference.

In AMPS and TDMA, frequency management is both a critical and difficult task to carry out. Since the frequency reuse factor is 1 for CDMA, no frequency management is needed for CDMA.

No hard capacity l imit - The number of users t hat can use the same CDMA

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carrier and still have acceptable performance is determined by the total interference power that all of the users generate in the receiver .

The question is NO T, “Is there a conflict t hat will produce interf erence?”, but “Do enough conflicts occur often enough to degrade the quality to an unacceptable level?” Spread spectrum takes advantage of the f act that at any given time , there will be enough open holes in the spectrum f or enough information to get through.

The odds of a conflict depend only on the likelihood of two or more users landing on the same frequency at the same time. The more users , the more

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4-5

Nokia CMP-40 Users manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual