RM-1
RF Troubleshooting and Manual Tuning GuideNokia Customer Care
Table of Contents
Introduction to RF troubleshooting.........................................................................................................................................7–5
RM-1 fault finding test point locations....................................................................................................................................7–7
Introduction to Rx troubleshooting...................................................................................................................................7–9
General instructions for Tx troubleshooting.................................................................................................................7–12
Introduction to RF tunings.................................................................................................................................................7–17
RF autotuning with CMU200...............................................................................................................................................7–18
System mode independent manual tunings......................................................................................................................7–25
PA detection............................................................................................................................................................................7–26
Temperature sensor calibration ......................................................................................................................................7–26
Rx band filter response compensation (GSM)...............................................................................................................7–30
Rx AM suppression (GSM).....................................................................................................................................................7–34
Tx IQ tuning (GSM).................................................................................................................................................................7–35
Tx power level tuning (GSM)..............................................................................................................................................7–37
Rx band response calibration (WCDMA)..........................................................................................................................7–43
Tx AGC & power detector (WCDMA)..................................................................................................................................7–46
Tx band response calibration (WCDMA)..........................................................................................................................7–51
Tx LO leakage (WCDMA)........................................................................................................................................................7–52
Figure 64 Test point locations for spectrum analyzer.........................................................................................................7–7
Figure 65 Test points for oscilloscope - bottom....................................................................................................................7–8
Figure 66 Test points for oscilloscope - top............................................................................................................................7–9
Figure 68 Activating Rx Control window in Phoenix.........................................................................................................7–11
Figure 69 Rx Control window...................................................................................................................................................7–11
Figure 71 Tx Control window....................................................................................................................................................7–15
Nokia Customer CareRF Troubleshooting and Manual Tuning Guide
Figure 72 Main antenna, GSM and WCDMA...........................................................................................................................7–16
Figure 73 Feed and GND spots of the main antenna.........................................................................................................7–16
Figure 75 High burst measurement........................................................................................................................................7–49
RM-1
RF Troubleshooting and Manual Tuning GuideNokia Customer Care
Introduction to RF troubleshooting
All measurements should be done using:
• spectrum analyser with a high-frequency high-impedance passive probe (LO-/reference frequencies and RF
power levels)
• oscilloscope with a 10:1 probe (DC-voltages and low frequency signals)
Caution: A mobile phone WCDMA transmitter should never be tested with full Tx power, if there is no
possibility to perform the measurements in a good performance RF-shielded room. Even low power
WCDMA transmitters may disturb nearby WCDMA networks and cause problems to 3G cellular phone
communication in wide area. WCDMA Tx measurements should be performed at least in an RF-shielded
box and never with higher Tx power level than 0 dBm! Test full WCDMA Tx power only in RF-shielded
environment.
The RF section of the phone is build around two RF ASICS: Rx ASIC N7500 and Tx ASIC N7501. There are also two
PA’s on board, one for GSM (N7502) and another for WCDMA (N7503).
The WCDMA PA needs variable supply voltage to work properly and therefore there is a switched mode power
supply component (N7504) added to the PWB.
Please note that the grounding of the PA module is directly below the PA module. Therefore, it is difficult to
check or change the module.
Most RF semiconductors are static discharge sensitive! ESD protection must be taken care of during repair
(ground straps and ESD soldering irons). N7501, N7500, both PAs and SMPS are moisture sensitive, so parts must
be pre-baked prior to soldering.
In addition to key components, there are lot of discrete components (resistors, inductors and capacitors) which
troubleshooting is done mainly by checking if the soldering of the component is done properly.
Capacitor can be checked for shorts and resistors for value by means of an ohmmeter, but be aware in-circuit
measurements should be evaluated carefully.
Keep in mind that all measured voltages or RF levels depicted in the service manual are rough figures. Especially
RF levels vary because of different measuring equipment or different grounding of the probe used.
When using an RF probe, use a pair of metallic tweezers to connect the probe ground to the PWB ground as
close to the measurement point as possible. If measurements are performed in a product specific module jig
then “GND” pads should be used for the probe ground.
For additional RF troubleshooting instructions, see Appendix A. These instructions include descriptions/
instructions for RF self-tests as well as troubleshooting instructions for various fault cases.
RM-1 RF key component placement
The RF section of the phone is build around two RF ASICs, Rx ASIC N7500 and Tx ASIC N7501.
There are also two PAs on the board, one for GSM (N7502) and one for WCDMA (N7503). The WCDMA PA needs
variable supply voltage to work power efficiently and therefore there is a Switched Mode Power Supply (SMPS)
component (N7504) added to the PWB.
Nokia Customer CareRF Troubleshooting and Manual Tuning Guide
The main Rx troubleshooting measurement is RSSI measurement. This test measures the signal strength of the
received signal. I and Q branches can be measured separately. For GSM RSSI measurement, see GSM Rx chain
activation for manual measurements / GSM RSSI measurement (Page 7–10), and for the same measurement
in WCDMA, see WCDMA RSSI measurement (Page 7–12).
In GSM, the input signal can be either a real GSM signal or a CW signal that is 67.771kHz up from the carrier
frequency.
For service tool usage instructions, refer to section Service Tools and Service Concepts.
See Also
• WCDMA Rx chain activation for manual measurement (Page 7–11)
RSSI signal measurement is the main Rx troubleshooting measurement. The test measures the strength of the
received signal.
I and Q branches can be measured separately. In GSM, the input signal can be either real GSM signal or CW signal
that is 67.771kHz up from the carrier frequency.
Steps
1. Start Phoenix service software.
2. From the Testing menu, choose GSM and RSSI Reading.
3. Setup RF signal generator for channel frequency +67.771kHz CW mode with –80dBm signal.
Alternatively set cellular tester downlink channel to an appropriate channel.
4. In the RSSI Reading window, select the appropriate band and channel.
Figure 67 RSSI Reading window
5. To start measurement/activate GSM Rx chain, click the Start button.
Results
RSSI reading values of the selected band and channel are displayed.
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RF Troubleshooting and Manual Tuning GuideNokia Customer Care
WCDMA Rx chain activation for manual measurement
Steps
1. Start Phoenix service software.
2. From the Testing menu, choose WCDMA and Rx Control.
Figure 68 Activating Rx Control window in Phoenix
3. In the Rx Control window:
Figure 69 Rx Control window
• From the AGC Mode pane, select Algorithm.
• Set AFC Algorithm to OFF (Default = OFF).
• Set Channel to 10700.
Next action
When settings are ready, click Update to activate them.
If settings are changed later on (for example, you give a new channel number), you will need to click RF Stop
and Update again.
Note: Clicking RF Stop also disables Tx Control if that was active!
Nokia Customer CareRF Troubleshooting and Manual Tuning Guide
WCDMA RSSI measurement
Before you begin
WCDMA Rx must be activated before RSSI can be measured. See WCDMA Rx chain activation for manual
measurement (Page 7–11).
Steps
1. From the Testing menu in Phoenix, choose WCDMA -> Rx Power Measurement.
2. In the Rx Power Measurement window, choose the following settings:
• Mode: RSSI
• Continuous Mode
3. To perform the measurement, click Start.
Transmitter troubleshooting
General instructions for Tx troubleshooting
Context
• Tx troubleshooting requires Tx operation.
• Do not transmit on frequencies that are in use!
• Transmitter can be controlled in the local mode for diagnostic purposes.
• The most useful Phoenix tool for GSM transmitter testing is "RF Controls" and in WCDMA transmitter testing
the best tool is "Tx Control"..
• Tx IQ tuning and Tx power tuning can be also used in some cases.
• Remember that retuning is not a fix! Phones are tuned correctly in production.
The first set of steps instructs how to assemble the test setup. This setup is general for all Tx troubleshooting
tasks.
Alternative steps provide specific troubleshooting instructions for Phoenix service software. The first section is
for the EGSM900/GSM1800/GSM1900 bands and the latter for WCDMA.
Caution: Never activate the GSM or WCDMA transmitter without a proper antenna load. There should
be always 50 ohm load connected to the RF connector (antenna, RF-measurement equipment or at
least 2 watts dummy load), otherwise GSM or WCDMA PA may be damaged.
Steps
1. Connect a test jig to a computer with a DAU-9S cable or to a FPS-8 flash prommer with a modular cable.
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RF Troubleshooting and Manual Tuning GuideNokia Customer Care
Make sure that you have a PKD-1 dongle connected to the computer's parallel port.
2. Connect a DC power supply to a module jig (MJ-26).
Note: When repairing or tuning a transmitter, use an external DC supply with at least 3 A current
capability.
Set the DC supply voltage to 3.9 V and set the jumper connector on the test jig's reg.pass switch to
“ON” position.
3. Connect an RF cable between the RF connector of the module test jig (MJ-26) and measurement equipment
or alternatively use a 50 ohms (at least 2 W) dummy load in the module test jig RF connector, otherwise GSM
or WCDMA PA may be damaged.
Note: There are three antenna connectors in the module jig:
• one for GSM
• one for WCDMA
• one for Bluetooth
Make sure that all connections are made to the correct RF connector.
Normally a spectrum analyser is used as measurement equipment.
Note: The maximum input power of a spectrum analyser is +30 dBm.
To prevent any damage, it is recommended to use 10 dB attenuator on the spectrum analyzer input.
4. Set Tx on.
iSet the phone module to the test jig and start Phoenix service software.
iiInitialize connection to the phone. (With FPS-8 use FBUS driver when using DAU-9S and COMBOX driver).
iii From the File menu, choose product: File -> Choose Product -> xx-x*(* = type designator of the phone).
iv From the toolbar, set operating mode to “Local”.
Alternative steps
• EGSM900/DCS1800/PCS1900 troubleshooting
iFrom the toolbar, set system to “GSM”.
iiFrom the Testing menu, activate the RF Controls window: Maintenance -> Testing -> GSM -> RF Controls.
iii In the RF Controls window:
• Select band “GSM900” or “GSM1800” or “GSM1900” (Default = “GSM900”).
• Set Active unit to “Tx” (Default = “Rx”).
• Set Operation mode to “Burst” (Default = “Burst”).
• Set Tx data type to “All1” (Default = “All1”).
• Set Rx/Tx channel to 37 on GSM900 band or 700 on GSM1800 band or 661 on GSM1900 (Defaults).
RM-1
RF Troubleshooting and Manual Tuning GuideNokia Customer Care
• Set Channel to 9750.
Figure 71 Tx Control window
Next action
When settings are done, click “Send” to enable them.
If you change the settings (e.g. give a new channel number), you need to click “Stop” and “Send” again.
Checking antennae functionality
The main antenna has two separate antenna elements: GSM and WCDMA.
In the GSM antenna, there is one Feed and two GND contacts.
In the WCDMA antenna, there is one Feed and one GND contact.
Nokia Customer CareRF Troubleshooting and Manual Tuning Guide
The contacts of the GSM antenna are separated in the (RDC = 0 ohm) short-circuit. The contacts of the WCDMA
antenna are in the (RDC = 0 ohm) short-circuit.
Figure 73 Feed and GND spots of the main antenna
Figure 72 Main antenna, GSM and WCDMA
The antenna is functioning normally when the contacts function (RDC = 0 ohm) and the antenna is visually intact.
BT antenna
BT antenna has one Feed and two GND contacts. The antenna is functioning normally when the contacts function
(RDC = 0 ohm) and the antenna is visually intact.
RM-1
RF Troubleshooting and Manual Tuning GuideNokia Customer Care
RF manual tuning guide
Introduction to RF tunings
Phone RF is tuned in production. There is no reason to do the re-calibration unless:
• One or more of the RF components is changed
• FLASH Memory chip (D3000) is changed or otherwise corrupted.
RF calibration is always performed with the help of module jig MJ-26. Whenever possible, automatic tuning
system should be used.
If manual tuning is used, only relevant tunings should be performed. Refer to the table below:
Changed componentPerform following tunings
Tx RF ASIC Vinku (N7501)RF Channel Filter Calibration, Tx IQ Tuning, Tx Power
Level Tuning, Temperature Sensor Calibration, TX AGC
& Power Detector, Tx Band Response Calibration, Tx
LO Leakage
Filter Response Compensation, Rx AM Suppression, Rx
AGC Alignment, Rx Band Response Calibration
Any component in the GSM TX RF chain before the PATx IQ Tuning, Tx Power Level Tuning
Any component in the GSM TX RF chain after the PA
or PA
Any component in the WCDMA TX RF chain before thePATx AGC & Power Detector, Tx Band Response
Any component in the WCDMA TX RX chain after the
PA, PA, power detector or PA switch mode power
supply
Any component in the GSM RX chainRx Calibration, RX Band Filter Response
Any component in the WCDMA RX chainRx AGC Alignment, RX Band Response Calibration
Tx Power Level Tuning
Calibration, Tx LO Leakage
Tx AGC & Power Detector, Tx Band Response
Calibration, PA Detection
Compensation, RX AM Suppression
Cable and adapter losses
RF cables and adapters have some losses. They have to be taken in account when the phone is tuned. As all the
RF losses are frequency dependent, the user have to be very careful and understand the measurement setup.
In the following table there are RF attenuations of the module jig, MJ-26:
Nokia Customer CareRF Troubleshooting and Manual Tuning Guide
RF autotuning with CMU200
Before you begin
Recommended test set-up:
• Windows 2000 PC
• CMU200 communication tester
• USB to GPIB converter from National Instruments. Order information: 778416-01 GPIB-USB-B, NI-488.2 for
Windows 2000/XP/Me/98.
Before you can use the auto-tune feature, the GPIB driver from the GPIB card vendor must be installed and
running.
Then the auto tune .ini file must be in a correct place: C:\Program Files\Nokia\Phoenix\products\xx-x*
\autotune_xx-x*.ini (*= indicates the type designator of the phone, e.g. RM-1)
Context
It is possible to perform an automatic RF tuning with the aid of CMU200. Autotuning covers all RF tunings that
are needed to perform after RF component repairs.
Note: Do not perform RF autotuning “just for sure”. Phones are tuned in the production and RF tuning
may performed only after component repairs or if the RF tuning information is lost.
Steps
1.Connect CMU200 to the GPIB bus.
2.From the Tools menu in Phoenix, choose Options -> GPIB Card.
3.In the Card Type line, select CEC8Bit, then click Start.
After clicking Start, the name of the CMU200 communication tester appears in the list of found Listeners.
PA detection procedure asks DSP to detect which PA manufacturer is used for GSM and WCDMA PAs.
If PA is changed or if PMM data is corrupted, PA detection has to be performed before Tx tunings.
Steps
1. From the dropdown menus, set "System mode" to Local and "Operating mode" to WCDMA, GSM or Dual.
2. From the Tuning menu, choose PA Detection.
3. Click Tune.
4. Check that the detected PA manufacturers are corresponding to the actual chips on the board.
5. To end the procedure, click Close.
Temperature sensor calibration
Context
There is a temperature sensor integrated into VINKU ASIC. VINKU provides DC-voltage, which is temperature
dependent.
Temperature sensor calibration is done in room temperature, in which offset caused by VINKU variation and
AD-converter inside RETU are nullified.
The module is able to do this calibration by itself, no external equipment is needed.
The temperature of the module and components must be 23 +/-2 degrees.
Steps
1. From the dropdown menus, set "Operating mode" to Local and "System mode" to WCDMA, GSM or Dual.
2. From the Tuning menu, choose WCDMA -> Temperature Sensor Calibration.
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RF Troubleshooting and Manual Tuning GuideNokia Customer Care
3. Click Tune.
Table 5 Temperature sensor calibration tuning limits
MinTypMaxUnit
-20-420
A popup window appears asking: “Save Values to PM”. Click “Yes”
4. To finish the calibration, click Close.
0
C
GSM receiver tunings
Rx calibration (GSM)
Context
Rx Calibration is used to find out the real gain values of the GSM Rx AGC system and tuning response of the AFC
system (AFC D/A init value and AFC slope)
Steps
1.Connect module jig’s GSM connector to signal generator.
2.From the dropdown menus, set "Operating mode" to Local, "System mode" to GSM, and Band to GSM900.
3.From the Tuning menu, choose GSM -> Rx Calibration.
4.Check the “Load from Phone” check box and clear the “Save to Phone” checkbox.
Nokia Customer CareRF Troubleshooting and Manual Tuning Guide
11. To save values to the phone, check the "Save to Phone" check box and click Stop.
Next action
Repeat steps 3 to 8 for GSM1800 and GSM1900
Rx band filter response compensation (GSM)
Before you begin
Rx calibration must be done before the Rx Band Filter Response Compensation
Context
In each GSM Rx band, there’s a band rejecting filter in front of HINKU front end. The amplitude ripple caused by
these filters causes ripple to the RSSI measurement and therefore calibration is needed.
The calibration has to be repeated for each GSM band.
Steps
1.Connect module jig’s GSM connector to signal generator.
2.From the dropdown menus, set "Operating mode" to Local, "System mode" to GSM, and Band to GSM900.