Newport 2835-C User Manual

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Model 2835-C
Multi-Function Optical Meter

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Model 2835-C
Multi-Function Optical Meter

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Warranty

Newport Corporation warrants this product to be free from defects in material and
workmanship for a period of 1 year from the date of shipment. If found to be
defective during the warranty period, the product will either be repaired or
replaced at Newport’s option.

To exercise this warranty, write or call your local Newport representative, or
contact Newport headquarters in Irvine, California. You will be given prompt
assistance and return instructions. Send the instrument, transportation prepaid,
to the indicated service facility. Repairs will be made and the instrument re­turned, transportation prepaid. Repaired products are warranted for the balance
of the original warranty period, or at least 90 days.

Limitation of Warranty

This warranty does not apply to defects resulting from modification or misuse
of any product or part. This warranty also does not apply to fuses, batteries,
or damage from battery leakage.

This warranty is in lieu of all other warranties, expressed or implied, including
any implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular use.
Newport Corporation shall not be liable for any indirect, special, or conse­quential damages.

Statement of Calibration

This instrument has been inspected and tested in accordance with specifica­tions published by Newport Corporation.

The accuracy and calibration of this instrument and photodetector (where
applicable) is traceable to the National Institute for Standards and Technol­ogy through equipment which is calibrated at planned intervals by compari­son to the certified standards maintained at Newport Corporation.

Copyright 1994, Newport Corporation
Part No. 20303-01, Rev. D
IN-11932 (06-00)

ii

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ii

EC DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY

Model 2835-C

We declare that the accompanying product, identified with the

" " mark, meets the intent of the Electromagnetic Compatibility
Directive, 89/336/EEC and Low Voltage Directive 73/23/EEC.

Compliance was demonstrated to the following specifications:

EN50081-1 EMISSIONS:

Radiated and conducted emissions per EN55011, Group 1,
Class A

EN50082-1 IMMUNITY:

Electrostatic Discharge per IEC 1000-4-2, severity level 3
Radiated Emission Immunity per IEC 1000-4-3, severity level 2
Fast Burst Transients per IEC 1000-4-4, severity level 3
Surge Immunity per IEC 1000 4-5, severity level 3

IEC SAFETY:

Safety requirements for electrical equipment specified in
IEC 1010-1.

Alain Danielo Jeff Cannon

VP European Operations General Manager-Precision Systems

Zone Industrielle 1791 Deere Avenue

45340 Beaune-la-Rolande, France Irvine, CA USA

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iii

Table of Contents

Warranty ................................................................................................................. ii

EC Declaration of Conformity ............................................................................... iii

List of Figures ........................................................................................................ vii

List of Tables ........................................................................................................ viii

Safety Symbols and Terms .................................................................................... ix

Definitions ............................................................................................................... x

Specifications ......................................................................................................... xi

Detector Signals and Calculations ...................................................................... xiv

Section 1 - General Information

1.1 System Overview ...................................................................................... 1

1.2 Scope of this manual ................................................................................ 2

1.3 Unpacking and Inspection ........................................................................ 2

1.4 Preparation for Use .................................................................................. 3

1.5 Optional Accessories and Services ......................................................... 3

Section 2 - System Operation

2.1 Introduction .............................................................................................. 4

2.2 Display ....................................................................................................... 4

2.3 Top Level Key Functions .......................................................................... 5

2.3.1

2.3.2 SHIFT .............................................................................................. 7

2.3.3 DISP , Display Brightness ........................................................... 7

2.3.4 FILTER, Signal Filtering ................................................................. 7

2.3.5 ZERO, Offset Subtraction ............................................................. 8

2.3.6 AUTO, Automatic Gain Ranging ................................................... 8

2.3.7 STO REF, Store Reference Value .................................................. 8

2.3.8 CH A (B), Display Channel A (or B) ............................................. 8

2.3.9 REF SEL, Reference Select ............................................................ 9

2.3.10 λ, Wavelength................................................................................ 9

2.3.11 RANGE, Signal Range .................................................................... 9

2.3.12 R/S, Run-Stop ............................................................................... 10

2.3.13 MODE, Measurement Mode ....................................................... 10

2.3.14 UNITS, Display Units ................................................................... 11

2.3.15 STATS, Moving Statistics ........................................................... 12

2.3.16 R/S A (B), Run-Stop Channel A (or B) ........................................ 12

2.3.17 EXT, External Trigger ................................................................. 13

2.3.18 MENU ........................................................................................... 13

2.3.19 ENTER .......................................................................................... 13

2.3.20 ESC, Escape ................................................................................. 13

2.3.21 , , , Adjust.................................................................... 14

OI

, Power .................................................................................... 7

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2.4 Menu Level Functions ............................................................................ 14

2.4.1 Menu Access and Movement ..................................................... 14

2.4.2 Data Store .................................................................................... 16

2.4.3 Meter Configuration ................................................................... 17

2.4.4 Auto Cal ....................................................................................... 18

2.4.5 Attenuator ................................................................................... 19

2.4.6 User Calibration .......................................................................... 19

2.4.7 DC Sampling ................................................................................ 20

2.4.8 Trigger Output ............................................................................ 20

2.4.9 Trigger Input ............................................................................... 21

2.4.10 Bar Graph .................................................................................... 22

2.4.11 Tone ............................................................................................. 22

2.4.12 Detector Switch Position ............................................................ 22

2.4.13 Remote Setup .............................................................................. 22

2.4.14 General Information Functions .................................................. 23

2.5 Connecting AC Power .................................................................................... 23

2.6 Detector Connection and Setup .................................................................... 24

2.7 Power Up ........................................................................................................ 25

2.8 Performing Basic Measurements .................................................................. 25

2.8.1 Making DC Power Measurements .............................................. 25

2.8.2 Making Peak-to-Peak Power Measurements ............................. 25

2.8.3 Making Pulse Energy Measurements ........................................ 26

2.8.4 Making a Signal Integration Measurement ................................ 26

2.8.5 Measuring a Laser Pulse Energy with a Thermopile Detector .. 26

2.8.6 Using the Model 2835-C as an Exposure Controller ................. 27

Section 3 - Principles of Operation

3.1 Introduction ............................................................................................ 29

3.2 Analog Signal Flow .................................................................................. 29

3.3 Digitized Signal Flow ............................................................................... 30

3.4 Typical Detector Signals......................................................................... 31

3.5 Thermopile Detector Signals ................................................................. 32

3.6 Pulse Energy Detector Signals ............................................................... 32

3.7 Peak-to-Peak (Photodiode) Detector Signals ........................................ 33

3.8 Integration of Detector Signals .............................................................. 34

3.9 Analog Output ......................................................................................... 35

3.10 Measurement Considerations ................................................................ 36

3.10.1 Detector Calibration and Accuracy ........................................... 36

3.10.2 Quantum Detector Temperature Effects .................................. 36

3.10.3 Thermopile Detector Temperature Effects .............................. 37

3.10.4 Energy Detector Temperature Effects ...................................... 37

3.10.5 Ambient and Stray Light ............................................................ 37

3.10.6 Common Measurement Errors .................................................. 38

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Section 4 - Computer Interfacing

4.1 General Guidelines .................................................................................. 39

4.2 Computer Interface Terminology .......................................................... 39

4.3 Entering Remote Computer Interface Mode ......................................... 41

4.4 RS-232C Communication ........................................................................ 41

4.4.1 Setting Baud Rate and Echo Mode from the Keypad. .............. 42

4.4.2 Setting Baud Rate and Echo Mode from a Remote Interface .. 42

4.5 RS-232C XON/XOFF Handshaking Protocol .......................................... 43

4.6 GPIB Communication ............................................................................. 43

4.6.1 Setting the GPIB Address ........................................................... 43

Section 5 - Remote Command Reference

5.1 Model 2835-C Remote Interface Commands ......................................... 44

5.2 Device Independent Commands ............................................................ 46

5.3 Device Dependent Commands............................................................... 57

Section 6 - Maintenance, Test and Troubleshooting

6.1 Maintenance Procedures ....................................................................... 91

6.2 Power Up Self Test .................................................................................. 91

6.3 Troubleshooting Guide .......................................................................... 92

Section 7 - Factory Service

7.1 Introduction ............................................................................................ 94

7.2 Obtaining Service .................................................................................... 94

Service Form ..................................................................................................... 95

Appendices

A Syntax and Definitions ............................................................................ 97

B Error Messages ..................................................................................... 101

C Status Reporting System ...................................................................... 104

D Sample Programs .................................................................................. 109

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vi

List of Figures

1. Model 2835-C Controller and Accessories .............................................. 1

2a. Model 2835-C VFD Display ....................................................................... 4

2b. Description of Model 2835-C Display Regions ........................................ 4

3. Front Panel Key Pad ................................................................................. 6

4. Decimal Point Indication of Menu Hierarchy Position ......................... 14

5. Rear Panel Power Supply Voltage Switches in Positions L, R ............. 23

6. Connecting a Detector with its Calibration Module ............................. 24

7. Model 2835-C Detector Calibration Module Input Port........................ 24

8. Measuring Laser Pulse Energy via a Thermopile in INTG Mode ......... 27

9. Model 2835-C Analog Signal Flow Diagram ........................................... 29

10. Model 2835-C Digitized Signal Flow Block Diagram .............................. 30

11. Thermopile Signals ................................................................................. 32

12. Energy Detector Signal from a Single Optical Pulse ............................. 33

13. Negative Baseline Drift Voltage to a Pulse Train .................................. 33

14. Time Varying Signal Measurements ...................................................... 34

15. Integrated Energy Via a Trapezoid Approximation ............................. 35

16. Measuring Laser Pulse Energy with a Thermopile ............................... 35

17. RS-232 Cable Connections ...................................................................... 42

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vii

List of Tables

Table 1. Model 2835-C Display Annunciators............................................. 5

Table 2. Model 2835-C Top Level Key Functions and Associated

Remote Commands ....................................................................... 6

Table 3. Newport Detector Families and Available Measurement Modes . 10

Table 4. Model 2835-C Measurement Modes ........................................... 11

Table 5. Valid Display Units Available to Detector Families by MODE .... 12

Table 6. Displayed Unit Abbreviations vs. Actual Measurement Units ...... 12

Table 7. Menu Level Key Functions and Parameters .............................. 15

Table 8. Data Store Operations ................................................................. 16

Table 9. Configuration Parameters and Default Conditions ................... 17

Table 10. Meter Configuration Operations ................................................. 18

Table 11. User Calibration Operations ....................................................... 19

Table 12. SAMPLE PREC States and Limits ................................................ 20

Table 13. DC SAMPLING Operations ........................................................... 20

Table 14. TRIGGER OUT Operations ........................................................... 21

Table 15. EXT TRIGGER IN Operations ....................................................... 21

Table 16. BAR GRAPH Operations .............................................................. 22

Table 17. TONE Operations ......................................................................... 22

Table 18. DET SWITCH POS Operations ..................................................... 22

Table 19. REMOTE SETUP Operations ....................................................... 22

Table 20. GENERAL INFO Operations ......................................................... 23

Table 21. Power Supply Voltage Switch Positions..................................... 23

Table 22. Analog Signal Flow Paths ............................................................ 30

Table 23 Common Measurement Errors ................................................... 38

Table 24 Model 2835-C IEEE-488.1 Capabilities Summary ........................ 43

Table 25 Device Independent Status Commands ..................................... 44

Table 26 Device Dependent Commands .................................................... 45

Table 27. Symptom/Fault Troubleshooting Guide .................................... 92

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viii

Safety Symbols and Terms

The following safety terms are used in this manual:

The WARNING heading in this manual explains dangers that could result in
personal injury or death.

The CAUTION heading in this manual explains hazards that could damage
the instrument.

In addition, a NOTES heading gives information to the user that may be
beneficial in the use of this instrument.

The following general warnings and cautions are applicable to this

GENERAL WARNINGS AND CAUTIONS

instrument:

WARNING

This instrument is intended for use by qualified personnel who recog-

nize shock hazards or laser hazards and are familiar with safety precau-

tions required to avoid possible injury. Read the instruction manual

thoroughly before using, to become familiar with the instrument’s

operations and capabilities.

WARNING

The American National Safety Institute (ANSI) states that a shock hazard

exists when probes or sensors are exposed to voltage levels greater then

42VDC or 42V peak AC. Do not exceed 42V between any portion of the

Model 2835-C (or any attached detector or probe) and earth ground or a

shock hazard will result.

CAUTION

There are no user serviceable parts inside the Model 2835-C. Work

performed by persons not authorized by Newport may void the war-

ranty. For instructions on obtaining warranty repair or service please

refer to Section 5 of this manual.

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ix

Definitions

A amps

AC alternating current

ADC analog-to-digital converter

BAT battery option

BIC biconic fiber connector

BNC standard coaxial connector type

C degrees Centigrade

DC direct current

F degrees Fahrenheit

fA femtoamps

Hz hertz (cycles per second)

I-V current-to-voltage converter

kHz kilohertz

LSD least significant digit

k kiloOhms

mA milliamps

mV millivolts

nA nanoamps

nF nanofarads

nm nanometers

pA picoamps

P-P peak-to-peak

RH relative humidity

S/N serial number

µA microamps

µs microsecond

V volts

W watts

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x

Specifications

Physical Specifications:

Dimensions: 4.2 x 8.8 x 13.9 in (107 x 224 x 353 mm)

Weight: 8 lb, 3 oz (3.7 kg)

Enclosure: Metal case, painted

Connectors: (2) 8-Pin Sub Mini DIN CAL MODULE Inputs;

(2) BNC Analog Outputs, Trigger Output and
Trigger Input;
9 Pin D-Sub RS-232, 24 Conductor GPIB

Power: 100/120/220/240 VAC ±10%, 50/60 Hz

Display: 5.5 digit annunciated VFD

Display Update Rate: 10 Hz

Gain Ranges: Up to 7 decades (Detector and MODE dependent)

Operating Environment: 0°C - 40°C; < 70% RH noncondensing

Storage Environment: -20°C - 60°C; < 90% RH noncondensing

Compatible Detectors: Low-Power (Semiconductor) Family

High-Power (Thermopile) Family

Energy (Pyroelectric) Family

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xi

Electrical Specifications:

DC Current Measurement (Low-Power, Semiconductor Photodiode CAL MODULE)

Signal Range:

1,2

01 23 456

Full-Scale Current:

4

2.51 nA 25.1 nA 251 nA 2.51 µA 25.1 µA 251 µA 2.50 mA

A/D Resolution: 126 fA 1.26 pA 12.6 pA 126 pA 1.26 nA 12.6 nA 126 nA
(20,000 Count Precision)

Display Noise Floor: ≤ 8 LSD ≤ 1 LSD ≤ 1 LSD ≤ 1 LSD ≤ 1 LSD ≤ 1 LSD ≤ 1 LSD
(Input Open, Filter Off)

Full-Scale Accuracy:

3

± 0.1% 0.05% 0.05% 0.05% 0.05% 0.05% 0.05%

(Typical)

Full-Scale Accuracy:

3

±0.48% .30% .30% .30% .30% .30% .30%

(Worst-Case)

Peak-Peak Current Measurement (Low-Power, Semiconductor Photodiode CAL MODULE)

Signal Range:

1, 2

012345678

Full Scale (P-P) Current:4253 nA 797 nA 2.52 µA 7.97 µA 25.1 µA 79.3 µA 251 µA 793 µA 2.51 mA

A/D Resolution: 61.7 pA 195 pA 616 pA 1.95 nA 6.13 nA 19.4 nA 61.3 nA 194 nA 613 nA

Full-Scale Accuracy:

3

±1% ±1% ±1% ±1% ±1% ±1% ±1% ±1% ±1%

(Typical)

Full-Scale Accuracy:

3

±2% ±2% ±2% ±2% ±2% ±2% ±2% ±2% ±2%

(Worst Case)

Bandwidth (3db): (5 Hz - 1 kHz) (5 Hz - 10 kHz) (5 Hz - 47 kHz)

Frequency Range for
±2% (Typ) Accuracy: (50 Hz - 100 Hz) (50 Hz - 1.4 kHz) (50 Hz - 7 kHz)

Trigger Level: 4% of full scale (fixed) above ground.

1

Listed signal ranges specify meter capability. Available signal ranges are detector dependent.

2

Maximum measurable signal is detector dependent. See description of detector saturation message “SA”, page 83.

3

After 60 min warm-up, followed by execution of AUTOCAL command. See Section 2.4.4.

4

Full scale current may vary due to AUTOCAL compensation of DC offsets.

Analog Output

Full Scale Voltage: 0 - 2.5V into 50Ω
Accuracy: ± 2.5%

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xii

D.C. Voltage Measurement (Thermopile CAL MODULE)

Signal Range:

1, 2

01 2 3

Full Scale Voltage:

4

2.49 mV 24.9 mV 249 mV 2.49 V

(20,000 Count Precision)

Resolution: 125 nV 1.25 µV 12.5 µV 125 µV
(20,000 Count Precision)

Display Noise Floor: ≤ 8 LSD ≤ 1 LSD ≤ 1 LSD ≤ 1 LSD
(Input Shorted)

Full Scale Accuracy (Typ.):

3

± .3% ± .2% ± .1% ± .05%

Full Scale Accuracy: ± .56% ± .36% ± .18% ± .1%
(Worst Case)

Bandwidth (3db): 5 Hz 5 Hz 5 Hz 5 Hz

Pulse Voltage Measurement (Energy, Pyroelectric CAL MODULE)

Signal Range:

Full Scale Voltage:

1

2,4

0123456789

789 µV 2.50 mV 7.89 mV 25.0 mV 78.9 mV 250 mV 789 mV 2.50 V 7.91 V 25.0 V

A/D Resolution: 193 nV 610 nV 1.93 µV 6.10 µV 19.3 µV 61.0 µV 193 µV 610 µV 1.93 mV 6.10 mV

Full-Scale Accuracy:3±1% ±1% ±1% ±1% ±1% ±1% ±1% ±1% ±1% ±1%
(Typical)

Full-Scale Accuracy:3± 2% ± 2% ± 2% ± 2% ± 2% ± 2% ± 2% ± 2% ± 2% ± 2%
(Worst Case)

Maximum Pulse Repetition Rate: 2 kHz

Trigger Level: 8% of Full Scale1 (fixed)

1

Listed signal ranges specify meter capability. Available signal ranges are detector dependent.

2

Full scale voltage is measured relative to baseline voltage.

3

After 60 min warm-up, followed by AUTOCAL command. See Section 2.4.4.

4

Full scale voltage may vary due to AUTOCAL compensation of DC offsets.

Analog Output

Full Scale Voltage: 0 - 2.5V into 50Ω
Accuracy: ± 5.0%

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xiii

Detector Signals and Calculations:

S Represents the most recent signal value ob-

tained from the A/D converter. It may represent
amps or volts and may be analog and or digitally
filtered.

S

d

S – S

d

SS

−

()

d

R

λ



101log

()

()




SS R

−

/

d

−

λ

d

mW

/SS R

STO-REF



−

10 log

()




/SS R

d

STO-REF

Represents the value stored as a reference signal
for subsequent use in signal offset, i.e. ZERO
calculations. Sd=0 when ZERO is off.

Represents the most recent net signal value.
This is the value that is displayed when units are
set to Amps or Volts. Note that Sd = 0 when
ZERO is off.

Measurement calculation when the display units
are Watts or Joules. Rλ is the detector
responsivity associated with the current wave­length setting.



λ




Measurement calculation when the display
units are ten times the (base ten) logarithm of the
ratio of the measured power to 1 mW, i.e. dBm.

Measurement calculation when the display units
are the ratio of measured power to the value
stored by the STO-REF function.



λ




Measurement calculation when the display units
are ten times the (base ten) logarithm of the
ratio of measured power to the value stored by
the STO-REF function.

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xiv

Section 1
General Information

1.1 System Review

The Model 2835-C Multi-Function Optical Meter is a high performance
instrument with a wealth of measurement and triggering features designed
to provide measurement sensitivity, flexibility and speed. In spite of its
power, Model 2835-C is also designed to provide simple operation with
direct panel access to basic features and a shallow menu for access to
advanced features.

Great flexibility exists within the command structure of the Model 2835-C
so that even complex measurements can be set up quickly and easily. The
2835-C can react to or provide triggering, act as an exposure or noise meter,
or data log up to 1,000 measurements per channel!

The Model 2835-C is compatible with all of Newport’s Low-Power, High-Power
and Energy detector families. A family tree of the 2835-C compatible detectors
and accessories is shown in Figure 1 below.

818T-10/CM
818T-30/CM
818T-150/CM
818T-150X/CM

818J-09/CM
818J-09B/CM
818J-25/CM
818J-25B/CM
818J-50/CM
818J-50B/CM

818-FA3-SMA
818-FA3-ST
818-FA3-FC

818-F-SL
818-F-IR

■

Multi-Function Optical Meter ■

818-UV/CM
818-SL/CM
818-IR/CM

Model 2835-C

DISP: CHA CHB

FP3-FH1

818-FA2

818-ST/CM

Figure 1 – Model 2835-C Controller and Accessories

1

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1.2 Scope of This Manual

The Model 2835-C connects to detectors through a calibration module con­taining information unique to the detector being used. Calibration modules
are ordered with a detector at the time of purchase and are labeled with the
detector’s model number and serial number. Detectors with calibration
modules have a “/CM” appended to their model number.

EXAMPLE: 818-SL (no calib. module) 818-SL/CM (with calibration module)

Please carefully read this instruction manual before using the Model 2835-C
Multi-Function Optical Meter. Be especially careful to observe the warnings and
cautions throughout this manual. If any operating instructions are not clear,
contact Newport Corporation. This instruction manual contains the necessary
information for operation and maintenance of the Newport Model 2835-C Multi­Function Optical Meter as well as information for troubleshooting and obtaining
service if necessary. This information is divided into the following sections:

Section 1 General Information and Functional Description

Section 2 System Operation

Section 3 Principles of Operation

Section 4 Computer Interfacing

1.3 Unpacking and Inspection

Section 5 Remote Command Reference

Section 6 Maintenance, Test, and Troubleshooting

Section 7 Factory Service

Appendix A Syntax and Definitions

Appendix B Error Messages

Appendix C Status Reporting System

Appendix D Sample Programs

All Model 2835-C Multi-Function Optical Meters are carefully assembled,
tested and inspected before shipment. Upon receiving this instrument, check
for any obvious signs of physical damage that might have occurred during
shipment. Report any such damage to the shipping agent immediately. Retain
the original packing materials in case reshipment becomes necessary.

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2

1.4 Preparation for Use

The Model 2835-C Multi-Function Optical Meter should have some operations
performed before measurements are made. These include:

Connecting AC Power (Section 2.5)

Detector Connection and Setup (Section 2.6)

1.5 Optional Accessories and Services

The Newport Catalog presents up-to-date information on detectors, detector
accessories and detector calibration services available for use with the Model
2835-C. Refer to Figure 1 for the Model 2835-C family tree of accessories.

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3

Section 2
System Operation

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Display

The Model 2835-C is designed to provide quick operation and to avoid a steep
learning curve. This section starts by giving a brief listing of display, key pad
and menu command features. Much of the Model 2835-C’s operation will be
obvious after these descriptions. The manual then explains each key opera­tion and menu command in detail. Reference each of these detailed explana­tions as required when getting started.

Measurement
Activity
Annunciator

Measurement
Mode
Annunciators

The Model 2835-C incorporates a vacuum fluorescent display, VFD, which can
be clearly observed with most laser goggles and at high angles of incidence.
Figure 2 illustrates and identifies the primary regions and annunciators within
the Model 2835-C’s display.

DISP: CHA CHB

PULSECONTSNGLDC INTGMODE: % P-P

MENU EDITSHIFT STORE USR CAL EXT ATTN ZERO

FILTER: ANLG + DIG

AUTO

Figure 2a – Model 2835-C VFD Display

DISP:

= CHA + CHB

Measurement Display Area

Units Display

MODE: FLTR:

= P-P DC INTG SNGL CONT PULSE

Bar Graph, Menu and Message Display Area

SHIFT MENU EDIT STORE USRCAL EXT ATTN ZERO AUTO

= ANLG + DIG

Display Channel
Annunciators

Signal Filtering
Annunciators

Status
Annunciators

Figure 2b – Description of Model 2835-C Display Regions

4

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Table 1 – Model 2835-C Display Annunciators

Annunciator Comment

CH A The display is showing Channel A information.

CH B The display is showing Channel B information.

Blinking indicates that the meter is making
measurements.

DC Meter is set to make DC signal measurements.

INTG Meter is set to make INTEGRATED signal

measurements.

P-P Meter is set to make Peak-to-Peak signal

measurements.

SNGL Meter will make only one measurement per front

panel or external trigger.

CONT Meter will continuously make measurements until

stopped.

PULSE Meter is set to make pulse energy measurements.

ANLG Analog signal filtering is on.

2.3 Top Level Key Functions

DIG Digital signal filtering is on.

SHIFT Indicates that the next key press will execute a blue

key function.

MENU Meter and display are in menu mode. Measurement

is stopped.

STORE Meter is logging measurements into memory, i.e.

data logging.

USRCAL User (versus calibration module) has supplied the

detector responsivity in use.

EXT External trigger input is enabled.

AUTO Automatic signal gain ranging is on.

ZERO Background signal subtraction (zeroing) is on.

ATTN The responsivity in use includes the affect of the

detector’s attenuator.

Operating controls for the Model 2835-C are found on both the front and rear
panels of the Model 2835-C. For measurement operation, only the front panel
controls are used. Rear panel controls are used for AC line power setup,
Section 2.5. The front panel key pad of the Model 2835-C, Figure 3, provides
quick access to measurement functions and menu access to advanced fea­tures and setup parameters. Most of the keys on the front panel only affect

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5

the channel indicated by the display channel annunciators. Table 2 and
Sections 2.3.1 through 2.3.21 list and describe each top level key function.
Menu level key functions are discussed in Section 2.4.

(LOCAL)

SHIFT

O I

STO REF

DISP

EXT

R/S

REF SEL

FILTER

MENU

MODE

λ

ZERO

ENTER

UNITS

RANGE

AUTO

ESC

STAT S

CH A

R/S A

CH B

R/S B

Figure 3 – Front Panel Key Pad

Table 2 – Top Level Key Functions and Associated Remote Commands

Keypad Remote Commands Description

OI

SHIFT None Enables the blue key functions.

DISP

FILTER FILTER_n, FILTER_n? Cycles signal filtering:

ZERO ZERO_n, ZERO_n?, Zeroes the display via offset subtraction.

AUTO AUTO_n, AUTO_n? Turns automatic gain ranging on and off.

CH A DISPCH, DISPCH? Selects channel A as the display channel.

None Turns the Model 2835-C on and off.

DISP, DISP? Cycles display brightness:

OFF,LOW,NORM and HIGH.

OFF, ANLG, DIG and ANLG+DIG.

STOZERO_n, ZEROVAL_n?

CH B DISPCH, DISPCH? Selects channel B as the display channel.

STO REF STOREF_n, STOREF_n? Stores last reading for future dB and

REL measurements.

REF SEL REFSEL_n, REFSEL_n? Selects the reference source to be used

for dB and REL measurements.

λ LAMBDA_n, LAMBDA_n? Displays and edits the calibration

wavelength in use.

RANGE RANGE_n, RANGE_n? Displays signal gain range in use.

, None Adjusts gain range or parameter

values or moves through a list.

R/S RUN, STOP Toggles the signal acquisition of

both channels.

MODE MODE_n, MODE_n? Cycles meter bet ween allowed

measurement modes.

UNITS UNITS_n, UNITS_n? Cycles display measurement units

between those allowed.

STATS STSIZE_n, STSIZE_n?, STMAX_n? Displays statistics.: Max, Min,

STMIN_n?, STMXMN_n? Max-Min, Mean and Std. Dev.
STMEAN_n, STSDEV_n?

R/S A RUN_A, RUN_A? Starts and stops channel A signal

acquisition.

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6

R/S B RUN_B, RUN_B? Starts and stops channel B signal

acquisition.

EXT EXT Enable or disable external triggering.

MENU None Enter or exit MENU command mode.

ENTER None Select next lower menu level or enter

edit mode.

ESC None Escape to next higher menu level or

escape edit mode.

, None Zooms bargraph in or out. When in

Edit mode, selects the digit to be
edited by the

, keys.

Note: n in a remote command stands for A (channel A) or B (channel B).

2.3.1

OI

, Power

The OI key toggles the Model 2835-C on and off. To turn the meter on, depress
the OI key in until it clicks and stays in its depressed position. To turn the
meter off, press the key again until it clicks and rebounds to its original length.

2.3.2 SHIFT

When SHIFT is pressed, the SHIFT display annunciator lights and the blue key
functions (such as STOREF) are enabled. The next key press will cause that
blue function to be executed and the “shift status” to disable.

2.3.3 DISP , Display Brightness

This key cycles the display and the backlit key pad through: OFF, LOW, NORM
and HIGH brightness levels. This allows a user to operate in a dark environ­ment without light pollution from the display, (except for one dim scanning
decimal point and the measurement activity annunciator).When the display is
OFF, the R/S, R/S A, or R/S B keys may be used to manually trigger measure­ments. Any other key press returns the display to the LOW brightness state
while ignoring the key function.

2.3.4 FILTER, Signal Filtering

Press this key to cycle input signal filtering between: OFF, ANLG, DIG,
ANLG+DIG. This function provides methods of lowering the noise observed in
the measurement data and the analog output. When the ANLG annunciator is
lit, a 5Hz low pass filter lowers the noise floor by attenuating high frequency
signal components. ANLG filtering is not available to High Power detectors,
Energy detectors or any P-P modes.

When the DIG display annunciator is lit, measurements pass through a moving
10-sample averaging buffer before being further processed, stored or communi­cated to the display or computer interfaces. With DIG on, all observable values
represent digitally averaged results relative to the original A/D conversions.
This averaging is independent of the subsequent processing available through
the STATS buffer, Section 2.3.15.

7

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2.3.5 ZERO, Offset Subtraction

This key turns offset subtraction on and off. When turned on, the ZERO
annunciator lights and the last signal reading is saved as Sd and subtracted
from all subsequent signal readings S. This causes subsequent signal calcula­tions (and the display) to use the value S-Sd instead of S.

Offset subtraction allows one to remove the effects of ambient DC signals, by
zeroing the display before making a measurement. Pressing the ZERO key a
second time turns off the ZERO annunciator and stops offset subtraction.

2.3.6 AUTO, Automatic Gain Ranging

The AUTO key toggles automatic signal ranging on and off. When on, the
AUTO annunciator lights and the signal range (amplifier gain) is adjusted to
utilize maximum analog-to-digital converter resolution. When AUTO is turned
off, the AUTO annunciator is turned off and the signal range is left in its
current state.

Signal range can be manually controlled by the , arrow keys. Pressing an

, arrow key when AUTO is on (and STATS, MENU and λ are off), turns

AUTO off and executes the manual range change. See RANGE, Section 2.3.11.

Signal range changes will often not coincide with observable changes to the
display value as the display is scaled by the detector responsivity and so must
adjust independently. Signal range gains will occur in 1 decade steps when auto
ranging and 1 or 1/2 decade steps (depending on MODE) when manual ranging.

When auto ranging in CONT PULSE mode, the arrival rate of pulses must be
above 1 Hz. In P-P CONT mode, the arrival rate of peaks must be above 50 Hz.

AUTO gain ranging is not allowed in SNGL measurement modes. When exiting
a SNGL measurement MODE, AUTO will turn back on if it was on when the
SNGL measurement mode was entered. (See MODE, Section 2.3.13)

2.3.7 CH A (B), Display Channel A (or B)

CH A causes channel A to be the display channel. CH B causes channel B to be
the display channel. The display channel annunciators will indicate which
channel is currently the display channel. When a display channel is selected,
the front panel will change to reflect its settings and measurement data.
Operations from the keypad or menu that affect a specific channel will only
affect the currently displayed channel and not the other.

2.3.8 STO REF, Store Reference Value

STO REF causes the last measurement, D, to be stored as D
use in relative measurement calculations. When units are relative, REL, and
the stored reference is selected, the displayed value is the ratio D/D
units are logarithmic relative, dB, and the stored reference is selected the
displayed value is the function 10 log (D/D

ref

). D

is always a power reading

ref

stored in the units of Watts. Press STO REF to cause a new D
existing D

value.

ref

for subsequent

ref

. When

ref

to overwrite the

ref

NOTE

When not using remote interface operation and when displaying relative dB
or REL measurements with the stored reference selected, the message
display area will show the STO REF value used in the calculation.

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8

2.3.9 REF SEL, Select Reference

The REF SEL key is used to select the reference value, Dref, to be used for
relative, REL, and logarithmic relative, dB, unit readings. Press the REF SEL
key to display the reference source in the message display area. The EDIT
annunciator will be lit and the current selection will blink. Press , to
select a new reference source. The choices will be:

STO REF - The last stored measurement

USR REF - User defined reference (see the USRREF command in Section 5.3
Device Dependent Commands)

CH A(B) - The other channel

Press ENTER to accept the new reference source and exit the select reference
mode. Press REF SEL or ESC to exit without changing the reference source.

NOTE

The CH A(B) source is only applicable if the other channel is available. If the
other channel is not availble then N/A will appear next to CH A(B) and you
will not be able to select it.

2.3.10 λ, Wavelength

A detector calibration module contains responsivity data for its assigned
detector at discrete wavelengths. By telling the meter which wavelength is
being measured, the correct responsivity value is used in calculating the
measured power or energy. When a wavelength falls between two calibration
points, linear interpolation is used to approximate the true responsivity value.

Press the λ key to display the measurement wavelength in the message
display area. Press ENTER to light the EDIT annunciator and cause the last
digit of the wavelength to blink. Press , to adjust the blinking digit up or
down and , to change which digit blinks. Press the ENTER a second time
to accept the new wavelength and exit the wavelength edit/display mode.
Press λ or ESC to exit without changing the wavelength.

2.3.11 RANGE, Signal Range

RANGE key allows the user to view the amplifier signal range. Signal ranges
step in 1 or 1/2 decade gain increments (MODE dependent) as the RANGE is
changed in order to utilize maximum resolution from the meter’s analog-to­digital converters. The available signal ranges are detector and mode depen­dent. Press RANGE to display the signal range number in the message display
area. If AUTO is on, then the signal range number will change if the detector signal
varies more than a decade in magnitude. Signal range changes can occur without
an effect on the displayed measurement value. Press RANGE a second time to exit
the signal range display mode.

Press the , arrow keys to increase or decrease the signal range. If AUTO
is on, pressing the , arrow keys will disable AUTO and cause the signal
range to change. Manual ranging is useful when working with external analog
recording equipment.

NOTE

Pressing the , arrow keys will disable AUTO ranging and change the signal
range even when the signal range is not being displayed via the RANGE key.

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2.3.12 R/S, Run-Stop

The R/S run-stop key provides front panel control over data acquisition for both
channels simultaneously. If the channel is in SNGL measurement mode, each
R/S key press causes one reading to be taken. In CONT measurement mode, each
R/S key press toggles continuous data acquisition on and off.

The activity annunciator (Figure 2b) flashes to indicate that readings are being
taken on the displayed channel as indicated in the upper right hand corner of
the display. A steady glow indicates that the meter is armed and waiting for a
pulse or P-P waveform to arrive. The indicator is off when data acquisition on
the displayed channel has been stopped. In the special case that both chan­nels are started together in DC CONT mode the readings will be synchronized
together with channel A readings leading channel B readings by about 70 µsec.
Otherwise the channels run independent of each other.

2.3.13 MODE, Measurement Mode

The Model 2835-C provides a number of measurement modes for acquiring
data. At power on, the meter checks the detector’s calibration module to
determine which measurement modes the detector supports. Table 3
describes the measurement modes available for each detector family.

Table 3 – Newport Detector Families and Available Measurement Modes

Low-Power High-Power Energy

DC CONT 䊉䊉

DC SNGL 䊊䊊

INTG 䊊䊊

P-P CONT 䊊

P-P SNGL 䊊

CONT PULSE 䊉

SNGL PULSE 䊊

䊉 marks the default mode for the detector family.

Press the MODE key repeatedly until the desired mode is indicated in the mode
annunciator area of the display, see Table 4. When selecting a new mode, the
display units will change to appropriate default units. See Section 2.3.14 for
more details about units.

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Table 4 – Model 2835-C Measurement Modes

Mode Description

DC CONT Measurement occurs at a programmable sample rate,

Section 2.4.7.

DC SNGL A measurement is taken every time the meter receives a

trigger up to a 500Hz rate when two detector calibration
modules are plugged into the meter and 1000Hz for one.
(AUTO is disabled in SNGL mode.)

INTG Measurements occur at 400Hz and are trapezoidally

integrated to get an energy result. An R/S key press or
external trigger sets the display to 0.0000 and sampling
starts. A second R/S keypress or external trigger termi­nates integration.

P-P CONT Acquisition is driven by the arrival of high-low peak

pairs. A measurement is processed for every high-low
peak pair up to a frequency of 500Hz when two detector
calibration modules are plugged into the meter and
1000Hz for one. NOTE: pair captures experience a
minimum 2 or 1 ms separation respectively.

P-P SNGL A trigger1 arms the meter to capture the next high-low

peak pair. Triggers can occur at a rate of up to 500Hz
when two detector calibration modules are plugged into
the meter and 1000Hz for one. (AUTO is disabled in
SNGL mode.)

CONT PULSE The meter captures every energy pulse up to a frequency

of 500Hz when two detector calibration modules are
plugged into the meter and 1000Hz for one. Above this
rate, pulse acquisitions experience a minimum 2 or 1 ms
separation respectively.

SNGL PULSE A trigger1 arms the meter to capture the next energy

pulse. Triggers can occur at a rate of up to 500Hz when
two detector calibration modules are plugged into the
meter and 1000Hz for one. (AUTO is disabled in SNGL
mode.)

1

“Trigger” refers to a command to start or stop signal acquisition. Trigger
sources are the R/S key, the external trigger input and remote interface
commands.

2.3.14 UNITS, Display Units

Measurements can be displayed in various units. The set of units available at
any given time is determined by the detector type and the measurement
mode. Press the UNITS key repeatedly to cycle the display through the set of
available units. Table 5 describes the sets of available units for each detector
family as a function of the measurement mode.

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Table 5 – Valid Display Units Available to Detector Families by MODE.

FAMILY MODE V A W W/cm

2

J J/cm2Erg Erg/cm2dBm dB REL

Low-Power DC CONT 䊊䊉䊊 䊊䊊䊊

Low-Power DC SNGL 䊊䊉䊊 䊊䊊䊊

Low-Power INTG 䊉䊊䊊䊊

Low-Power P-P CONT 䊊䊉䊊 䊊䊊䊊

Low-Power P-P SNGL 䊊䊉䊊 䊊䊊䊊

High-Power DC CONT 䊊 䊉䊊 䊊䊊䊊

High-Power DC SNGL 䊊 䊉䊊 䊊䊊䊊

High-Power INTG 䊉䊊䊊䊊

Energy CONT PULSE 䊊 䊉䊊䊊䊊 䊊

Energy SNGL PULSE 䊊 䊉䊊䊊䊊 䊊

䊉 denotes the default units for the detector family in the given measurement
mode. Some display units are abbreviated. Table 6 lists displayed units
versus actual measurement units. Display units are limited to four characters
in order to provide for display engineering prefixes such as: p, n, µ, m and k
(pico, nano, micro, milli and kilo respectively).

Table 6 – Displayed Unit Abbreviations Versus Actual Measurement Units.

Actual Units V A W J Erg W/cm2J/cm2Erg/cm2dBm dB REL
Displayed Units V A W J ERG W/cm J/cm E/cm dBm dB E±dd

2.3.15 STATS, Moving Statistics

The STATS key causes a list of statistical results from the stats buffer of the
display channel to be displayed in the message display area. The stats buffer
is a moving data window containing the most recent measurements to a depth
1 ≤ N ≤ 100. The default value is N = 10. Display occurs without disrupting
data acquisition or storage and results are continuously updated.

Press the STATS key to enter the stats display list. The first statistic displayed
will be the stats buffer depth N. Press the , adjust keys to move through
the list. The following statistics are available: N, MAX, MIN, MAX-MIN, MEAN
and STD DEV.

When the STATS buffer depth, N, is displayed, it can be adjusted by pressing
ENTER and using the , keys to set a new value for N. Press the ENTER
key to adopt the new value for N and escape the edit mode. The STATS buffer
is cleared whenever a new stats buffer depth N, or MODE or UNITS is estab­lished. Press the STATS key a second time to exit the stats display mode.

2.3.16 R/S A(B), Run-Stop Channel A (or B)

The R/S A and R/S B run-stop keys provides front panel control over data
acquisition for each individual channel. When in SNGL measurement mode,
each R/S A(B) key press causes one reading to be taken on the respective
channel. In CONT measurement mode, each R/S A(B) key press toggles
continuous data acquisition on and off on the respective channel.

12

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The activity annunciator (Figure 2b) flashes to indicate that readings are being
taken on the display channel as indicated in the upper righthand corner of the
display. A steady glow indicates that the meter is armed and waiting for a
pulse or P-P waveform to arrive. The indicator is off when data acquisition on
the displayed channel has been stopped.

2.3.17 EXT, External Trigger

EXT enables and disables the triggering of data acquisition through the rear
panel trigger input BNC connector. The meter can be configured to be
triggered by either a rising or falling edge TTL signal. See Section 2.4.9.

Press EXT to light the EXT annunciator and enable the external trigger input to
both channels. The Model 2835-C will still respond to triggers from the R/S, R/S
A, or R/S B keys even when the EXT trigger is enabled. Press the EXT key a
second time to turn off the annunciator and disable the external trigger input.

2.3.18 MENU

The MENU key provides access to advanced features and parameters. Press
the MENU key to stop all data acquisition, light the MENU annunciator, and
display the first item of the top level menu list. Press the MENU key a second
time to immediately exit the menu. Menu structure and functions are pre­sented in Section 2.4. The menu consists of a series of lists and parameter
values. Most parameter values can be edited to configure the meter. Lists are
moved through via the , keys. To move to a lower level list, press the
ENTER key. To escape a lower level list, press the ESC key.

In the menu, all key functions are ignored except for the MENU, ENTER, ESC
and the , keys. Each key will act without having to initially press SHIFT.
Pressing SHIFT will toggle the SHIFT annunciator, but it will not effect anything
else when in MENU mode.

To edit a displayed parameter press ENTER. This enables the edit mode and
causes the parameter (or a digit) to blink. Press the , keys to adjust the
parameter through its allowed list or to count the blinking digit up and down.
When adjusting a numerical value, the , keys can be used to change
which decimal digit blinks. Press ENTER to adopt the new value and escape
the editing mode. Press ESC to leave the editing mode without adopting the
new value.

2.3.19 ENTER

ENTER allows one to move lower into the menu when in menu mode, to enter
editing mode when an editable parameter is being displayed and to adopt a
new parameter value after it has been edited. Editable parameters can be
found both in and out of the menu mode. If ENTER is pressed when a non­editable parameter is being displayed, the key press is ignored.

2.3.20 ESC, Escape

ESC allows one to escape to the next higher level when in menu mode and to
escape editing mode when editing a parameter value without adopting any
changes to the parameter. At the top level of the menu, pressing the ESC key
exits the menu mode. The ESC key also allows one to escape various other
display modes such as STATS or wavelength display or amplifier signal gain
range display modes. When there is nothing to escape from, the ESC key is
ignored.

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2.4 Menu Level Functions

2.3.21 , , , Adjust

The , , , keys allow one to adjust various parameter states and values.
In normal operation, the , keys turn AUTO off and adjust the amplifier
signal gain. In any other mode, the , keys cause one to move through a list
or to adjust a blinking digit. The , keys zoom the bargraph ( in, out)
and in edit mode, select which digit of a numerical value will blink.

Menu functions provide control over parameter values and methods of
making measurements. The menu consists of a number of lists and param­eter values. Table 7 presents a quick summary of the hierarchy of the
menu functions and parameters. Most settings displayed in the menu and
changes to those settings affect the channel indicated by the display
channel annunciator.

2.4.1 Menu Access and Movement

To access the menu press MENU. The MENU annunciator will light and data
acquisition will stop. Menu labels and parameter values are displayed in the
message display area. The first, second and third leftmost decimal points
within this area indicate a current position at the top, second, third or fourth
level of the menu hierarchy, Figure 4. Table 7 presents the menu functions
and their hierarchy.

Top Level

Second Level

Third Level

Fourth Level

Figure 4 – Decimal Point Indication of Menu Hierarchy Position

In the menu, valid keys are limited to those needed to perform operations to
move through the menu or edit a parameter value. In the menu, it is not
necessary to hit the SHIFT key to invoke the action of the menu keys: MENU,
ENTER, ESC or , , , . The SHIFT key will toggle the SHIFT annunciator,
but with no effect on subsequent pressings of other keys. Once in the menu,
the rules for moving through the menu are as follows:

i. Press ENTER to move to the next level down or to enter the edit mode if a

editable parameter is being displayed and to accept a parameter value in
its currently displayed state and exit edit mode.

ii. Press ESC to move to the next level up or to escape the menu when at the

top level or to exit edit mode without changing the parameter value being
edited.

iii. Press MENU to immediately escape the menu regardless of current level

within the menu.

14

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