PGM-HD-2x1-PB
HD/SD-SDI 2x1 Program Switch with
Frame Synchronizer
User manual
Rev. B
Nevion
Nordre Kullerød 1
3241 Sandefjord
Norway
Tel: +47 33 48 99 99
nevion.com
PGM-HD-2x1-PB Rev. B
Nevion Europe
P.O. Box 1020
3204 Sandefjord, Norway
Support phone 1: +47 33 48 99 97
Support phone 2: +47 90 60 99 99
Nevion USA
1600 Emerson Avenue
Oxnard, CA 93033, USA
Toll free North America: (866) 515-0811
Outside North America: +1 (805) 247-
8560
E-mail: support@nevion.com
See http://www.nevion.com/support/ for service hours for customer support globally.
Rev.
Repl.
Date
Sign
Change description
B 1 2015-05-15
MB
Cover page update; DoC removed; no other
changes to content
1 0 2012-07-13
TB
New feature, on-screen label.
0 A 2012-07-10
TB
New template.
Changed product name and completed DIP
descriptions.
Added EC Declaration of conformity, referring to
tested hardware module.
A - 2011-05-02
TB
Preliminary release.
Nevion Support
Revision history
Current revision of this document is the uppermost in the table below.
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PGM-HD-2x1-PB Rev. B
Contents
Revision history ...................................................................................................................... 2
1 Product overview ................................................................................................................. 4
1.1 Product description ........................................................................................................... 4
1.1.1 Product versions ............................................................................................................ 4
1.1.2 Key features .................................................................................................................. 4
2 Specifications ................................................................................................ ...................... 5
3 Configuration ................................ ................................................................ ....................... 6
3.1 Manual mode ................................................................................................................... 6
3.1.1 Rotary switch and push buttons ..................................................................................... 6
3.1.2 Slide switch ................................................................................................................... 6
3.1.3 Factory reset function .................................................................................................... 7
3.1.4 DIP switch functions ...................................................................................................... 7
3.2 Gyda mode ....................................................................................................................... 8
3.2.1 Information page ........................................................................................................... 8
3.2.2 Configuration page ...................................................................................................... 10
3.3 Connections ................................................................................................................... 10
3.4 Sync input ...................................................................................................................... 10
4 Operation .......................................................................................................................... 11
4.1 Front panel LED indicators ............................................................................................. 11
4.2 GPI alarms ..................................................................................................................... 11
4.2.1 Functions of 8pin modular jack .................................................................................... 11
5 Functional description ....................................................................................................... 12
5.1 An overview of the data path .......................................................................................... 12
5.2 Video input selection and fading ..................................................................................... 12
5.3 De-glitcher (no settings) ................................................................................................. 13
5.4 Frame synchronizer ........................................................................................................ 13
5.4.1 Frame sync mode ........................................................................................................ 14
5.4.2 Frame delay mode ...................................................................................................... 17
5.5 Fallback to video generator ............................................................................................ 18
5.6 On-screen label generator ................................ .............................................................. 18
5.7 Video monitor ................................................................................................................. 18
5.8 Video payload legalizer (no settings) .............................................................................. 19
5.9 EDH processing block (no settings) ................................................................................ 19
5.10 Video output selection .................................................................................................. 19
5.11 Audio de-embedder and embedder (no settings) .......................................................... 19
5.12 Relative audio delay ..................................................................................................... 20
5.13 Audio processing ................................................................................................ .......... 20
6 RS422 commands ............................................................................................................. 22
6.1 FLP4.0 required commands ........................................................................................... 22
6.2 Normal control blocks ..................................................................................................... 23
General environmental requirements for Nevion equipment ................................................. 26
Product Warranty ................................................................................................................. 27
Appendix A Materials declaration and recycling information ................................................. 28
A.1 Materials declaration ...................................................................................................... 28
A.2 Recycling information ..................................................................................................... 28
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PGM-HD-2x1-PB Rev. B
1 Product overview
Figure 1: Simplified block diagram of the PGM-HD-2X1-PB card
1.1 Product description
The Flashlink PGM-HD-2X1-PB is a 2x1 HD/SD program switch with configurable fadein/fade-out and built-in frame synchronizer. Embedded audio is faded in/out with the
video. The frame synchronizer locks an HD-SDI or SD-SDI input to a black & burst or
tri-level signal, and a de-glitcher ensures an always error-free output.
The user parameters of the card can either be changed by switches on the board, or by
the control interface Gyda.
1.1.1 Product versions
At the time of writing this manual, only one version exists, the PGM-HD-2X1-PB.
1.1.2 Key features
Passive bypass from both inputs to non-inverted outputs with less than 25m loss of
cable length (enables full redundancy)
HD/SD video support (will work with DVB-ASI in through mode, but no fading)
De-glitching of input video signal (always seamless output)
Full manual control over selected input or black via GPI inputs or the system
controller Multicon
User selectable generator pattern as fallback for missing signals
HD/ SD frame sync /delay (8 frames max)
Audio delay, enabling Dolby-E processing delay correction
Embedded audio gain adjustment for each video input
Audio fade out/ fade in at switching or frame-wrap
EDH processing
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PGM-HD-2x1-PB Rev. B
Number of inputs
2
Connectors
75 Ohm BNC
Equalization
Automatic;
>300m @270Mbps w/Belden 8281, with BER < 10E-12
>130m @1485Mbps w/Belden 1694A, with BER < 10E-12
Input Return loss
Active input
>15dB, 5MHz -1.485GHz
Input Return loss
passive bypass
>15dB, 5MHz -742.5MHz
>10dB, 742.5MHz - 1.485GHz
Jitter tolerance
SD limit:
10Hz-1kHz: >1 UI
10kHz – 5MHz: >0.2 UI
HD limit:
10Hz-100kHz: >1 UI
100kHz–10MHz: >0.2 UI
Connector
75 Ohm BNC
Format
Black & Burst, Tri-level
Input Return loss
>35dB @ < 10MHz,
30dB @ < 30MHz
Number of outputs
4
Connectors
75 Ohm BNC
Return Loss O1, O2
Active output
>15dB, 5MHz -1.485GHz
Output Return loss O1, O2
Passive bypass
>15dB, 5MHz -742.5MHz
>10dB, 742.5MHz - 1.485GHz
Return loss !O1, !O2
>15dB, 5MHz -742.5MHz
>10dB, 742.5MHz - 1.485GHz
Output signal level
800mV +/- 10%
Output signal rise / fall time
20% - 80%
SD limit: [0.4ns – 1.5ns]; <0.5ns rise/fall var.
HD limit: < 270ps, <100ps rise/fall var.
Amplitude overshoot
<10%
Output timing jitter
SD: <0.2 UI
HD: <1 UI
Output alignment jitter
SD: <0.15 UI
HD: <0.2 UI
SD, 270 Mbps
SMPTE 259M, SMPTE 272M-AC
HD, 1485 Mbps
SMPTE 292M, SMPTE 274M, SMPTE 291M, SMPTE 296M,
SMPTE 299M
Video switch point definition
and sync
SMPTE RP168 (tri-level), SMPTE 170m, ITU-R. BT.470
EDH
Compliant to SMPTE-RP165
Video Payload Identification
SMPTE 352M-2002
Power consumption
3.5W @ 5V
1.2W @ 15V
2 Specifications
Electrical SDI input
Electrical Sync input
Electrical SDI outputs
Supported standards
Power
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PGM-HD-2x1-PB Rev. B
3 Configuration
The board can be controlled manually via DIP switches, rotary switches and push
buttons on the board, or through the graphical user interface provided by the system
controller Multicon Gyda. Only the most frequently changed and/or most important
settings are available on the DIP switches. If Multicon is used to do an initial setup of
the other settings, these settings will be retained in the module for future sessions,
even for manual mode.
3.1 Manual mode
To reach manual mode DIP16 labeled OVR on the board must be switched on (to the
right) and the board must be re-booted. This takes the board out of Gyda control (if the
switch was previously set to off) and over to DIP switch, rotary switch and push button
control. This particular DIP switch (and the factory reset DIP switch) will only be read at
start-up. Settings not controlled by any of these manual switches/buttons are kept
unchanged from previous session (factory setup or Gyda setup).
The Manual Mode configuration controls are all found on the front side of the board.
There are two sets of DIP switches, one rotary switch and two push buttons. The slide
switch on the lower right side should be se to the lower position (“BP”) for all operation
modes.
Figure 2: The figure shows a top view component printout of the board. LEDs, push-
buttons, the rotary switch and the 2 sets of DIP-switches are colorized.
3.1.1 Rotary switch and push buttons
The rotary switch, labeled DLY, adjusts the phase delay by -5 to +4 video lines. It is
only functional when a sync signal, black & burst or tri-level, is present at the sync
input. The rotary switch is accessible from the board front.
The push buttons, labeled INC and DEC, are used to fine adjust the phase delay by
samples. It can adjust within +/- ½ video lines for the present video standard.
These settings are part of the frame synchronizer, see chapter Frame synchronizer5.4
for further explanations.
3.1.2 Slide switch
The slide switch on the lower right side of the card switches between backplane sync
input (BP) and Flashlink rack distributed sync (RACK) (Future feature upgrade of
Flashlink frame). Switch moved down routes the backplane sync to the card.
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PGM-HD-2x1-PB Rev. B
Switch
#
Function
name
Function of DIPs
Comment
1-3
Frame delay
DIP[1 2 3] = [Off Off Off] => 0 frms
DIP[1 2 3] = [Off Off On] => 1 frms
DIP[1 2 3] = [Off On Off] => 2 frms
DIP[1 2 3] = [Off On On] => 3 frms
DIP[1 2 3] = [On Off Off] => 4 frms
DIP[1 2 3] = [On Off On] => 5 frms
DIP[1 2 3] = [On On Off] => 6 frms
DIP[1 2 3] = [On On On] => 7 frms
With a sync-input present, this
sets the minimum frames delay.
Without a sync-input present, this
sets the no. of frames delay
relative to the input.
4-5
Lock & Hold
time
DIP[5 6] = [Off Off] => Minimum
DIP[5 6] = [Off On] => 1s
DIP[5 6] = [On Off] => 4s
DIP[5 6] = [On On] => Reserved
The time a signal must be
registered before it is considered
present (lock time), or the time it
can be not registered before it is
considered missing (hold time).
6
Audio gen
Off = 1kHz Sine
On = Black sound
Fallback for embedded audio
when input not present.
7
Emb. enable
Off: No audio embedded
On: Audio embedded
When off, the audio is left untouched on the SDI stream.
When on, the audio configured to
be embedded is embedded into
the SDI.
8
GPIO setup
Off: SDI-CHO-2x1 mode
On: FRS-HD-SDI mode
See the GPI input output
description below.
9 - 11
Fade frames
DIP[9 10 11] = [Off Off Off] => 0
frms
DIP[9 10 11] = [Off Off On] => 15
frms
DIP[9 10 11] = [Off On Off] => 30
frms
DIP[9 10 11] = [Off On On] => 45
frms
DIP[9 10 11] = [On Off Off] => 60
frms
DIP[9 10 11] = [On Off On] => 75
frms
DIP[9 10 11] = [On On Off] => 90
frms
DIP[9 10 11] = [On On On] => ***
frms
The number of frames used to
perform a fade-in or fade-out.
The same value will be used for
all four fade timers, all fading will
be symmetrical. The value for
Additional black frames will not
be modified, i.e. the value from
the previous Multicon GYDA
controlled session will be
preserved. The default is 0
frames.
The special condition [On On On]
will not modify the fade timers at
all. This setting can be used to
preserve asymmetric fade
configurations from Multicon
Gyda even in manual mode.
12
SDI OUT 1
Off: through mode
On: processed mode
In through mode the video only
goes through a re-clocker.
13
SDI OUT 2
Off: through mode
On: processed mode
In through mode the video only
goes through a re-clocker.
14
Video
Off: Color bar
This is the video generator signal
3.1.3 Factory reset function
The factory reset puts the card back to its initial settings at delivery. These settings are
just a start condition for the board, and new settings done by the user will still take
effect and be stored.
The factory reset is done by setting DIP 15 and 16 to on and power up the card. The
inputs should be removed. Then, pull out the card, put DIP 15 to off and power up the
card again. The card will now reset. The board must be under power for at least 10
seconds for all the factory reset values to be stored for the next session.
3.1.4 DIP switch functions
The two sets of DIP switches are labeled with a number running from 1 to 15. The 16th
DIP is labeled OVR.
Note that the left DIP switch of the horizontal DIP package is number 1.
The top DIP switch of the vertical DIP package is number 9.
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PGM-HD-2x1-PB Rev. B
Switch
#
Function
name
Function of DIPs
Comment
Generator
On: Black field
that is shown when input is
considered missing, i.e. hold time
has expired.
15
RESET
Off: Use values preset by GYDA.
On: RESET to factory defaults
To reset, both DIP 15 and DIP16
must be set on before powering
on. DIP 15 and 16 is read at
power up. The reset is not done
until DIP 15 is set back to off and
re-powered.
16
OVR
Off: GYDA mode
On: Manual mode
This DIP is only read at power
up.
OVR is short term for GYDA
override
Table 1: DIP SWITCH FUNCTIONS
3.2 Gyda mode
All functions of the card can be controlled through the Gyda control system. The Gyda
has an information page and a configuration page.
3.2.1 Information page
The information page shows a dynamic block-diagram of the board and some
additional information text. The block diagram updates with the boards status, showing
input signal selected, signals missing (by red crosses over signal lines) and routing
through switches.
The text on the information page gives additional information or information about
functionality not displayed on the dynamic block diagram.
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PGM-HD-2x1-PB Rev. B
Figure 3: Gyda information page
The Reclocker block shows if the card is currently locked to an input. Possible values
are Locked or Loss of lock.
The Sync source block shows if a valid sync signal is detected on the dedicated sync
input, or if output video is generated with the SDI input as the input as the only
frequency reference. Possible values are Black&Burst, Tri-level, SDI, and Missing
(when no input of any kind is present).
The Phase delay block shows the currently used phase delay, re-calculated to video
samples for the current video standard.
The video delay block shows the actual delay used between input and output video, recalculated to both nanoseconds and to video samples for the current video standard.
Note that although there could be rounding errors in these re-calculations, the delays
will still be exactly as set by the user in the configuration page.
The Signal integrity block shows the current input video standard and a counter of
frames seen with errors. The counter can be reset, but will also restart when it reaches
216 = 65536 errors. The list of error bits shows a snap-shot of the last frame reported to
Multicon, and errors are indicated with a red background color. This is based on the
raw error data; If the user has selected to mask off certain errors, these errors will still
be shown here in the snap-shot, but they will not cause the counter to be increased.
The two relative audio delay blocks show how much embedded audio will de delayed
relative to the video, in 48 kHz audio samples. This delay can be different for the two
video inputs.
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PGM-HD-2x1-PB Rev. B
Function
Label
Connector type
HD/SD-SDI input 1
IN1
BNC
HD/SD-SDI input 2
IN2
BNC
HD/SD-SDI output 1
O1
BNC
HD/SD-SDI output 1 inverted
___
O1
BNC
HD/SD-SDI output 2
O2
BNC
HD/SD-SDI output 2 inverted
___
O2
BNC
Black & Burst/ tri-level input
SYNC
BNC
Black & Burst/ tri-level input
SYNC
BNC
GPI in
GPI
TP45, pin 5 & 6
GPI out
GPI
TP45 pin 1, 2, 3, 4, 7 (pin 8 = GND)
3.2.2 Configuration page
The different configuration possibilities are explained in detail in Chapter 5, under the
corresponding functions.
3.3 Connections
Figure 4: PGM-HD-2x1-PB backplane
right: connection side left: component side
The backplane for the PGM-HD-2X1-PB is also labeled PGM-HD-2x1-PB. The table
below shows the connectors and their functions.
Table 2: Connector functions
Unused SDI inputs/outputs should be terminated with 75 Ohm.
3.4 Sync input
The two sync inputs on the backplane are internally connected together. It is possible
to use one as input and the other as a looped output. The backplane also features a
switchable termination. By setting the red switch in Figure 4 to “on” (the lower position)
the sync input will be terminated with 75 Ohms.
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PGM-HD-2x1-PB Rev. B
Diode \ state
Red LED
Orange LED
Green LED
No light
Card status
PTC fuse has been
triggered or FPGA
programming has
failed
Module has not
been programmed,
RESET and OVR
DIPs are on, or
module is updating
firmware.
Module is OK
Module has no
power
SDI input status
Video signal
absent.
Video signal
present but card
not able to lock
VCXO
Video input signal
in lock
Module has not
been programmed
Sync input status
Sync signal absent
Sync signal
present but card
unable to lock
VCXO
B&B or Tri-level
sync in lock
Module has not
been programmed
Audio input status
No audio
embedded in
incoming video
One, two or three
audio groups
embedded in
incoming video
4 audio groups
embedded in
incoming video
Module has not
been programmed
GPI name
Function
Pin #
Mode
Direction
Status
General error status for the
module.
Pin 1
Inverted Open
Collector
(open is alarm)
Output
LOS1 Loss of signal or lock at
selected input
Pin 2
Open Collector
Output
Input 1 selected
Input 1 selected (IN1)
Pin 3
Open Collector
Output
Input 2 selected
Input 2 selected (IN2)
Pin 4
Open Collector
Output
Select input 1
Fade in input 1, after fade out
of input 2. Activating
simultaneously as pin 6 will
give fade to black.
Pin 5
TTL, 0V = active
level
Input
Select input 2
Fade in input 2, after fade out
of input 1. Activating
simultaneously as pin 5 will
give fade to black.
Pin 6
TTL, 0V = active
level
Input
Input 2 selected
Connected to pin 4 on
backplane
Pin 7
Open Collector
output
Ground
0 volt pin
Pin 8
0V.
1
4 Operation
4.1 Front panel LED indicators
4.2 GPI alarms
The GPI alarms of the PGM-HD-2X1-PB are fully compatible with the HD-SDI-CHO2x1 module, and thereby also the “change-over mode” of the FRS-HD-CHO (FRS-HDCHO can also be configured to be compatible with the FRS-HD-DMUX module). See
the table in the next sub-chapter for a detailed description.
4.2.1 Functions of 8pin modular jack
EDH errors will not be shown at GPI output.
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PGM-HD-2x1-PB Rev. B
5 Functional description
The goal of this chapter is to give an overview of the data path for audio and video,
show which processing options are available and link this to the user interface in
Multicon Gyda.
5.1 An overview of the data path
HD/SD-SDI input is selected from input 1 or 2, equalized, re-clocked and transferred to
a processing unit. Here the signal is first sent through a de-glitcher that cleans up
errors that might appear on input signal, e.g. from switching. After the de-glitcher the
parallel video is split in two paths, one going directly to a frame-store buffer, the other
sent to the audio de-embedder.
The 16 audio channels coming from the de-embedder are bundled in pairs and sent to
an audio store buffer (being the same as the frame store buffer). The audio is fetched
from the audio store buffer according to a user specified delay (can be different for
each of the two video inputs) and sent to the Audio Processing Block, where the paired
channels may have gain adjusted (also specific for each of the video inputs). After the
audio processing block the audio enters the Audio Embedder to be re-embedded.
The video (with audio still inserted) is fetched from the frame buffer with the user
specified delay and sent to a Video processing block (which performs the video fading),
followed by an EDH processing block. After the EDH block the video and audio is
embedded according to the user settings and the video is sent from the processing unit
to a re-clocker. Here the signal is converted back to SDI and sent to a 2x2 buffered
output switch.
The output switch is a 2x2 cross point selecting between a signal which has only been
equalized and re-clocked (“Through”) and a signal which has been fully processed
(“Processed”). The two output signals are each sent to two paired (non-inverting and
inverting) outputs.
5.2 Video input selection and fading
The PGM-HD-2X1-PB has two equivalent electrical inputs. The active input can be
selected directly from the graphical user interface, or input control can be handed over
to the GPI input lines. 5 configurable delays are used to control how the fading
between the two physical inputs appear. The “fade in” settings control how many video
frames will be used to go from “black” to “full luminosity”, while the “fade out” settings
control how many video frames will be used to go from “full luminosity” to “black”. A
user specified number of black frames can also be inserted between the “fade out” and
the “fade in”.
When an input is selected, for instance “Fade to 1”, the actions performed will depend
on the current state of the module. If the module already has input 1 selected, no
actions will be performed. If the module has been forced to black, input 1 will
immediately start to fade in according the “Input 1 fade in” setting (see below). If the
has input 2 selected, output 2 will immediately start to fade out according to the “Input 2
fade out” setting. Once the fade out is completed, a number of additional black frames
will be inserted according to the “Additional black frames” setting. Then the fade in of
input 1 will finally commence according to the setting in “Input 1 fade in”.
When selecting “Fade to 2”, the explanation above still holds if “1” is substituted for “2”
and vice versa.
If “Fade to black” is selected, no actions will be performed if the module is already set
to black. If one of the physical inputs has been selected, the video will fade to black
according to “Input 1 fade out” or “Input 2 fade out” respectively, and then stay black
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PGM-HD-2x1-PB Rev. B
until one of the physical inputs is selected again. This is also true when input select is
controlled from the GPI inputs. Two GPI input lines are available and activating one of
them will select the corresponding physical input, while activating both of them at the
same time will force a fade to black. The video will then consist of black frames only
until a single line is activated again. If both lines are released at exactly the same time,
the module continues to output black frames. If – say – line 1 is released first, while line
2 stays activated, that will be interpreted in the same way as if line 2 was activated
from the released position, and a fade to input 2 will be performed.
Figure 5: Gyda view of input select with additional control blocks.
Note that if a new fade/switch command is issued while the previous one is
still being executed, the first fade will be abrupted and the second one will
be started immediately. This happens regardless of how the command was
given (Multicon or GPI). Continuous toggling of one of the GPI lines will
constantly restart the fade out action and thereby returning the luma gain to
1, and the result will be perceived as flickering in the video luminosity.
5.3 De-glitcher (no settings)
The de-glitcher corrects timing errors within a line. The de-glitcher has a 2048 samples
buffer. When the first signal is present, we call it the “initial phase signal”, data is taken
from the centre of this buffer. If the timing reference of the video signal changes, when
for instance a new source being switched into the signal path, the timing errors
occurring by this change will be corrected if the new timing reference is within +/-1024
samples of the “initial phase signal”. This also goes for all consecutive timing
references.
If a signal is more than +/-1024 samples off relative to the “initial phase signal”, the
output will repeat the last frame, refill the 2048 samples buffer and take out data from
the centre of the buffer. This new signal is now considered the “initial phase signal”.
Audio will fade out when a frame repeat is being done, and fade in at the new frame.
Hence, it produces an error free video output without frame wrapping when the video
input comes from a router with synchronous input video signals that all lies within +/1024 samples of each other.
The de-glitcher output is always seamless. When a signal is repeated the
audio is faded out. It fades in at the new frame.
5.4 Frame synchronizer
The frame synchronizer consists of a frame store buffer and some control logic. The
frame store buffer can store up to 8 full HD frames. Data is fetched from this buffer
according to the user settings by force of the control logic. The control logic sets the
frame synchronizer into different modes dependent on the presence of a sync input.
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PGM-HD-2x1-PB Rev. B
2
5.4.1 Frame sync mode
If a sync input (B&B or Tri-level) is present, the frame synchronizer will output a signal
that has a delay relative to this signal. Two parameters can be set; "Phase delay" and
"Video delay".
Figure 6: Gyda view of the video delay settings
Let us first focus on the phase delay, which also may be called “output phase delay”.
This parameter can be positive or negative, and determines the relationship between
the outgoing video and the sync signal. The parameter really determines a delay on an
internal sync signal, isync2. The output is synchronous with isync, see Figure 7.
Figure 7: Positive phase delay
Figure 7 show how the sync signal and the isync signal would look on an oscilloscope,
if converted to analogue signals. The delay of isync can be given in frames, lines, and
samples. The delay can be negative, see Figure 8.
Figure 8: Negative phase delay
The phase delay can thus be written in several ways, a large positive delay will equal a
small negative delay, because there is wrap-around on a frame basis. It follows that it
is not useful to specify a phase delay larger than 1 frame. Strictly speaking the range
could have been limited to -1/2 frame to 1/2 frame. For convenience, the delay range is
allowed to be from -1 frame + 1100 samples to 1 frame – 1100 samples.
Note that isync is not a physical entity, but a term used in this context to explain the delay process and the use of the
configurable parameters related to this process.
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PGM-HD-2x1-PB Rev. B
In order for FRS-HD-DMUX to honor the phase delay setting, it should ideally delay the
incoming video between 0 to 1 frames. Because the processing delay through the card
is 2 lines minimum, the actual window is between 2 lines and 1 frame + 2 lines. Hence,
with the parameter (minimum) video delay set to 2 lines (the least number possible for
the parameter); the output video will be between 2 lines and 1 frame + 2 lines delayed,
with respect to the incoming video. A common occurrence in practical use is to
synchronize an incoming video with a sync, but to let the outgoing video lead some
samples or lines to the sync. This can easily be accomplished. Say that we want the
outgoing video to occur 50 samples before the sync. We will then set the phase delay
to -50 samples, and the video delay parameter to 2 lines. For convenience, let us
assume that the incoming video is iso-synchronous, but that it lags 20 lines after the
sync. We will then have the situation shown in Figure 9.
Note that the numbers in circles in the next figures are visualizing the video frames.
Figure 9: Example of delayed outgoing video
To match larger processing delays, one will want to first delay the incoming video, and
then synchronize the video. This is equivalent to introducing a delay line for the
incoming video, and then synchronizing the output of the delay line with sync. In effect,
one moves the delay-window start; this is equivalent with setting the video delay to a
larger value.
Let us assume that the video delay is set to 2 frames, 200 lines. In that case the
outgoing video will be between 2 frames + 200 lines and 3 frames + 200 lines delayed
with respect to the incoming video. For convenience, let us assume that the incoming
video is iso-synchronous, but that it lags 25 lines after the sync. Let us also assume
that the phase delay is set to -60 samples. We will then have the situation shown in
Figure 10.
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PGM-HD-2x1-PB Rev. B
Figure 10: Another example of delayed outgoing video
To reiterate: The phase delay can be both positive and negative and sets the difference
between the phase of the sync input and the video output. The video delay sets the
delay between video output and video input. However, the actual delay might be longer
as it also needs to phase up to the sync input. The actual delay may be up to 1 frame
longer than the minimum video delay.
The user may specify a video delay between 2 lines (min) and 7 frames
(max).
The two parameters allow a user to delay the incoming video, and reference it to the
sync input. By this mechanism, the user can precompensate processing delay in other
equipment. The video delay setting simply determines a lower limit to a 1 frame wide
window into a long delay line. The phase delay may be seen as a specification of the
delay between the sync input, and a signal "isync". The output video is always
synchronized to isync. A few more examples:
Example 1: The SDI input signal is isosynchronous to a sync signal, but 12 lines, 0
samples delayed. The video delay is set to 1 frame, 0 lines and 0 samples. The phase
delay is set to 65 samples. The actual delay between the input video and the output
video will be 2 frames - 12 lines + 65 samples.
Example 2: The SDI input signal is asynchronous to the sync signal (the frame
frequency is slightly different). The video delay is set to 1 frame, 13 lines and 0
samples. The phase delay is set to -1 line. The actual delay will gradually change
between 1 frame and 13 lines to 2 frames and 13 lines. The output will appear 1 line (in
the output video format) ahead of the sync signal.
Example 3: The SDI input signal is isosynchronous to the sync signal, but 12 lines
ahead of the sync signal. The video delay is set to 1 frame, 0 lines and 0 samples. The
phase delay is set to -2 lines. The actual delay between the input video and the output
video will be 1 frame + 10 lines.
The frames and lines are measured in units of the output SDI video standard. If the
output SDI standard is 1080i25, a delay of one line is equal to 35.5us. If the output SDI
standard is 720p50, a delay of one line is equal to 26.6us. If the output SDI standard is
625i25, a delay of one line is equal to 64us.
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PGM-HD-2x1-PB Rev. B
For a scenario where the card receives different HD video standards, (e.g.
1080i25 and 720p50) the user may want to conserve a specific delay in
microseconds for all HD video standards. This is accomplished by
specifying the delay in number of samples instead of frames and lines. (For
HD video standards the sample frequency is equal over standards, but the
line and frame frequencies are different for the different standards).
If video input disappears
Given that stable SDI input and sync input exists: If the SDI input disappears, the
picture will freeze for <hold time> and then go to video generator if the card is in default
configuration. When the SDI input disappears, the Frame Delay pulses at the back
plane will also disappear.
If video input reappears
Given stable sync input, the video will reappear after <lock time> of locked video input
if card is in default settings.
If sync input disappears
Given that stable SDI input and sync input exists: If the sync signal disappears, the
card will act as in frame delay mode, see Chapter 5.4.2.
NOTE: This will result in a frame roll as the delay changes.
If sync input reappears
Given that a stable SDI input exists: If the sync signal reappears the delay mode will
change back to Frame Sync mode. Hence the internal clock will be locked to the sync
signal and the delay will again change.
NOTE: This will result in a frame roll as the delay changes.
If both signals disappears
The picture will first freeze for <hold time> and then go to video generator. The output
is now referenced to the local clock source. However this clock source will be kept
within 1 ppm of the last sync source.
5.4.2 Frame delay mode
In this mode a sync signal is not present. The delay set is then directly related to the
incoming video. 1 frame and 1 line delay, means that the output will be 1 frame and 1
line delayed version of the input.
If video signal disappears
The picture will first freeze <hold time> and then go to video generator. The output is
now referenced to the local clock source. However this clock source will be kept within
1 ppm of the last video source.
If video signal reappears
If the input video signal reappears, the video will reappear on the output <lock time>
after stable input video. The delay will be set to the same delay as before loosing input.
NOTE: This may cause a frame roll.
If a sync input appears
Given that a stable SDI input exists: If a sync signal appears the delay mode will
change to Frame Sync mode, see Chapter 5.4.1. Hence the internal clock will be
locked to the sync signal and the delay will again change.
NOTE: This will result in a frame roll as the delay changes.
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PGM-HD-2x1-PB Rev. B
5.5 Fallback to video generator
The video generator can produce several simple signals: Colorbar, Colorbar with a
moving box, Check field, and Flat field.
The Flat field can be set up to produce any 10bit (0-1023) luma and chroma value, or
to produce a predefined color.
For this module the video generator can only be used as a fallback, i.e. when the
selected video input disappears. When the input goes missing the picture will freeze,
and if the input reappears during this time, the freeze condition will be lifted without the
generator being used. If the signal hasn’t returned within approximately 1000
milliseconds, the generator will be switched in. Once the generator has been switched
in, the input will have to be present and stable for approximately 1000 ms before the
module will switch back from the generator.
Figure 11: Gyda view of the video generator
5.6 On-screen label generator
The label generator consists of 2 lines, 16 characters each. Two different sizes can be
selected, in addition to black text with white border or white text with black border.
The intended main function of this generator is to enable the user to automatically
superimpose a text label to the internal generator at loss of input signal. This is done by
selecting the “Auto” tick-box on the “Label generator” block in the Multicon GYDA
configuration page. In a long chain of cards, this can be a very way to identify where
the signal was actually broken and replaced with a generated output.
It is also possible to always superimpose the label on the incoming SDI by ticking the
“On” box.
Note that to see the label on an output the video output selection must be
set to “processed” for this specific output.
Figure 12: Gyda view of the label generator
5.7 Video monitor
The incoming video is analyzed and the number of frames with errors are counted.
Individual errors (or types of error) can also be ignored. The errors available for
selection in this module are:
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PGM-HD-2x1-PB Rev. B
Upper limit
Luma:
3ACh
Chroma:
3C0h
Lower limit
Luma:
040h
Chroma:
040h
EAV: End of Active Video error
SAV: Start of Active Video error
LNUM: Line numbering error (HD only)
YCRC: Luma CRC error (HD only)
CCRC: Chroma CRC error (HD only)
YCS: Luma checksum error
CCS: Chroma checksum error
LOCK: Lock error, i.e. reclocker unlocked
AP-CRC: Active Picture CRC invalid
FF-CRC: Full-Frame CRC invalid
VS: Video Standard error, i.e. reclocker locked but unrecognized video standard
NO_EDH: No EDH package (SD only)
Figure 13: The video monitor and error counter.
5.8 Video payload legalizer (no settings)
This module has the SDI legalizer permanently enabled. The legalizer hard clips the
upper and lower limit of the video payload to the following limits:
5.9 EDH processing block (no settings)
This module has the EDH processing block permanently enabled. The EDH processing
block extracts the EDH package from the video, updates the EDH flags according to
SMPTE RP165 and inserts the EDH package into the ancillary data of the video.
5.10 Video output selection
The board has four SDI outputs in total, but they form two pairs where each consists of
one inverted and one non-inverted BNC output (see Table 2: Connector functions on
page 10). The routing is controlled per pair.
Figure 14: Gyda view of SDI output selection block
When processed is selected, it is possible to either output video generator or mute the
output. This is done at the video in - mode by selecting Video gen. or Mute. This will
not have any effect on outputs set in through mode.
5.11 Audio de-embedder and embedder (no settings)
The Audio de-embedder extracts all audio embedded in the video stream. The deembedder is always enabled, and for this module the embedder is also permanently
enabled, otherwise it would not be possible to fade audio with the video.
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3
5.12 Relative audio delay
An audio delay relative to the video output can be specified commonly for all deembedded channels. This is done from Multicon Gyda. The audio delay is specified in
audio samples relative to the output video, and can be both positive and negative. For
this module two different relative audio delay scan be specified, one for each video
input. This enables the user to correct for different audio/video alignments for the two
sources.
Note that as the audio delay is relative to the video output it is possible to
specify an audio delay that will be an actual negative delay. This will cause
audio errors.
If using a negative relative audio delay, the positive video delay (see chapter 5.4 Frame
synchronizer) needs to be set higher than the wanted negative relative audio delay. In
Figure 15 below the audio is given a negative delay when video input 1 is selected.
Assuming a video format with 50 frames/second, the -960 samples would correspond
to -1 frame3.
Figure 15: Relative audio delays.
Dolby-E and delay handling
The PGM-HD-2X1-PB can re-align Dolby-E with video (Dolby-E processing equipment
typically causes one frame delay for the audio, which can be compensated with a
relative audio delay of -1 frame as above). The module does however not decode/reencode Dolby-E.
5.13 Audio processing
The audio level of the embedded audio can be adjusted. This can either be done to
match the level of the two video inputs, or to match a third level or standard. The gain
entered will be applied to all embedded audio channels for that respective video input.
Figure 16: Embedded audio processing.
Note that the “Mode” selections have no effect. These drop-down menus
will be removed from the user interface before the final release of the
product.
Audio gain and fading
Audio gain is a 16 bit value that can be set for each stereo pair going into the audio
processing block. The actual gain is the 16 bit value/100 dB. The gain range is set to [96 dB, +96 dB] with a gain step of 0.1 dB. Audio fading is handled as an additional
term in dB (which would translate to a multiplication factor in linear sample space), the
size of which depends of the current position in the fade-in or fade-out cycle. The sum
of the fixed gain setting and the time-variable gain from fading is what is limited to [-96
dB, +96 dB]. What this means is that if audio gain is set to -A dB to begin with, there
will be a (96-A) dB range available to do the actual fading. The gain will always bottom
out at -96 dB. Setting the gain higher than 0.0 dB will have no similar adverse effect.
To calculate number of audio samples/frame simply divide 48000 with frame rate (24Hz, 25Hz, 29.97Hz, 30Hz, 50Hz,
59.94Hz or 60Hz)
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PGM-HD-2x1-PB Rev. B
Note that non-audio data is ignored and left unchanged by the audio gain
function. This includes Dolby-E, which will not be gain adjusted (or faded)
by this module. To do that would require a full decode/re-encode of the
Dolby-E data.
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PGM-HD-2x1-PB Rev. B
Block
Blk# Commands
Example
Response
Control
- - ? ? product name\
SW rev n.m\
FW rev r.s\
protocol ver 4.0\
Hello command.
Note 1: No other commands will be
available until the card has received this
hello.
Note 2: This command will also enable
checksums.
Note 3: Cards are designed to be hotswappable. To sync with the start of a
new command, the cards will wait for a
<lf> character before looking for a valid
command.
conf 0 -
conf 0
*too long to list*
Configuration settings
Retrieves the card's configurable settings.
Each addressable block is represented by
a single line. Dynamic status may be
included in response, but is usually
reported in info only.
- - info
info
*too long to list*
Dynamic status info
Blocks with static settings only will
usually not be included, see conf above.
- - chk off
chk off
ok
Checksum off
If issued twice in succession, this
command will disable checksums.
Note: Responses will still have the
checksums appended.
NOTE1: ? command turns the checksum
back on
- - locate on <seconds>
locate off
locate on 3
locate off
ok
Card locator
This command will cause all the LEDs to
flash for a user specified number of
seconds. If omitted, the value <seconds>
will be set to a default of 120 seconds.
The flashing can be terminated at any
time with locate off.
- - address
address
address <address>
Card address
This command will check and update the
card's current rack and slot address,
which is normally only done at start-up.
- - filename
filename frshdpgm-0-
105.ffw
filename frshdpgm-0-
100.mfw
<name>'.'<extension>
Firmware upgrades
The <name> part must match the card's
hardware and include a revision number,
and the extension must be either 'ffw' for
FPGA firmware or 'mfw' for
microcontroller firmware. After running
this command the board will wait for the
firmware in Intel-hex format.
- - fin
fin
ok
Finalize
Finalize the programming of the
microcontroller. See description of the
uC bootloader (separate document).
6 RS422 commands
6.1 FLP4.0 required commands
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PGM-HD-2x1-PB Rev. B
misc 0 -
NOT AVAILABLE BY
COMMAND.
ONLY FOUND in Conf
0
prog | fin
' ' | ovr
Misc info
prog if the card is freshly programmed
by the bootloader and the program is still
un-finalized. fin is the normal condition.
ovr if DIP-switch 16 is set to the ON
position and the card is under DIP-switch
control.
Note 1: The info part of misc has
additional functionality when locate is
used: locating <remaining seconds>.
This enables a visible countdown clock
in Gyda, but is not a required part of
FLP400.
Block
Blk# Commands
Example
Response
Control
aprc
017
lvl <gain>
aprc 7 lvl -400
Audio processing
‘lvl’ means level and is the gain setting.
aprc 0 and 1 are related to input 1 and 2.
aprc 2-9 can be used to set gain for
individual channel pairs of input 1, while
aprc 10-17 can be used to set gain for
individual channel pairs for input 2.
ceq 0 -
ceq 0
cd | ncd
cable equalizer for electrical input 1. No
control, only used to report carry detect
or not carry detect.
ceq 1 -
ceq 0
cd | ncd
cable equalizer for electrical input 2. No
control, only used to report carry detect
or not carry detect.
cho
0-1 No commands available. Included to
show internal status and to update Gyda
graphics.
dly 0 <frames>frms
dly 0 2frms
'tgt' <frames> frms
Video delay
This sets the minimum video delay of the
card.
In info this block reports back the current
delay in nanoseconds. This will vary with
the incoming video standard.
dly
1-5
<frames>frms
dly 3 4 frms
'tgt' <frames> frms
Fade controls
dly 1: input 1 fade-in time
dly 2: input 2 fade-out time
dly 3: additional black frames
dly 4: input 2 fade-in time
dly 5: input 2 fade-out time
dly
6-7
<audio_samples>sps
dly 6 30sps
dly 7 -960sps
'tgt' <audio_samples>
sps
audio delay
The audio delay is given in audio
samples. Audio delay is always given
relative to video.
dly 8 <lines>lines
<samples>sps
dly 8 1lines -30sps
'phase' <lines> lines
<samples> sps
Video phase
If lines != 0 the resulting phase will vary
with incoming video standard, see dly 0
above.
gpi 0 act |
inact
gpi 0 act
gpi 0 inact
EDH generator
This gpi works as a simple 2:1 switch.
inact : EDH gen. off
act : EDH gen. on
mtx 0 <i1> <o1> ...<iN>
<oN>
<i1>
<o1>,<o2>,...<oN>
mtx 0 0 2 1 4 5 5
mtx 0 0 0, 1 1, 2 2
mtx 0 0 0-9
size M:N i1 i2 i3... iN
Audio matrix
mtx 0 (size 10:8) controls the audio
matrix; outputs 0-7 are embedded sound;
inputs 0-7 are de-embedded audio,
6.2 Normal control blocks
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PGM-HD-2x1-PB Rev. B
<i1> <o1> - <o2>
..or the above
combined
mtx 0 0 0 1 1 2 2-7
8=1kHz sine, 9=Black/silence
Note: Any combination of the three basic
commands are allowed, for instance the
following command to set up a 10x10
audio matrix in a single line:
mtx 0 1 1 2 2 3 0,3-7
=> mtx 0 size 10:10 3 1 2 3 3 3 3 3 3
mtx 1 <i1> <o1> ...<i2>
<o2>
<i1> <o1>,<o2>
mtx 1 0 0 1 1
mtx 1 0 0,1
size M:N i1 i2 i3... iN
Video output matrix
mtx 1 (size 2:2) controls the video output
switches.
0: Through mode (re-clocked only)
1: Processed mode (SDI from FPGA
mtx 2 <i1> <o1>
mtx 2 0 0
mtx 2 1 0
size M:N i1 i2 i3... iN
Audio embedder bypass
0: Embedding disabled
1: Embedding enabled
mtx 3 <i1> <o1>
mtx 3 0 0
mtx 3 2 0
size M:N i1 i2 i3... iN
Video input select
0: (Fade to) input 1
1: (Fade to) input 2
2: (Fade to) black
3: GPI controlled
rcl 0 -
rcl 0
lock | lol
Reclocker
No control available. Only used to report
lock status.
sync
0 - sync 0
'lol' | ('lock' ('trilvl' |
'bb' | 'sdi') )
Frequency reference for video output.
Status only, no commands available.
vgen 0 cbar |
chkfield |
white |
yellow |
cyan |
green |
magenta |
red |
blue |
black
flat <Y> <Cb> <Cr>
video
<lns>/<rate><scan>
wss (auto|off | (on
<wss_val>) )
vgen 0 cbar
vgen 0 flat 200 0 100
vgen 0 video 1080/24p
vgen 0 video 1080/25p
vgen 0 video 1080/25i
vgen 0 video 1080/29i
vgen 0 video 1080/30i
vgen 0 video 720/24p
vgen 0 video 720/25p
vgen 0 video 720/29p
vgen 0 video 720/30p
vgen 0 wss auto
vgen 0 wss on 7
video
<lns>/<rate><scan>
wss ( auto| off | ( on
<wss_value> ) ) (cbar |
chkfield | white |
yellow | cyan | green |
magenta | red | blue |
black | (flat <Y> <Cb>
<Cr>) )
Internal video generator.
The video generator will be activated in
two different ways: If selected as a
fallback option the generator will
generate the selected pattern when the
other input(s) are missing, and then use
the video settings from the last external
source present. It can also be selected as
the main input in cho 1, in which case its
own video settings will also be used.
vmon
0
msk <24b_mask>
reset
vmon 0 msk 0x0E0A
vmon 0 reset
msk <24b_mask>
Error detection and handling
Error counting. The count itself is
reported in info. Errors can be masked
off and not counted; this is the purpose of
the mask. The counter itself is 16b and
will wrap around, but can also be reset by
issuing reset.
vprc 0 lglz on |
lglz off
(y | cb | cr) <gain>
<offset>
vprc 0 lglz on
vprc 0 lglz off
vprc 0 y 8192 0
vprc 0 cb 2000 0
vprc 0 cr 1000 1000
Video processing block
Gain and offset are both signed fixed
point numbers. Gain is in 2.13-format,
while offset for Y and the chroma
channels are given in 10.2 and 9.2
respectively.
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PGM-HD-2x1-PB Rev. B
Gain range is 0 – 32767, Gain
=0x
= 0,
Gain
=1x
= 8192, Gain
=4x
= 32767
Luma Offset range is -4095 – 4095,
Offset=0 = 0
Chroma Offset range is -2047 – 2047,
Offset=0 = 0
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PGM-HD-2x1-PB Rev. B
1.
The equipment will meet the guaranteed performance specification under the
following environmental conditions:
-
Operating room temperature
range:
0°C to 45°C
-
Operating relative humidity range:
<90% (non-condensing)
2.
The equipment will operate without damage under the following environmental
conditions:
-
Temperature range:
-10°C to 55°C
-
Relative humidity range:
<95% (non-condensing)
General environmental requirements for Nevion equipment
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PGM-HD-2x1-PB Rev. B
Product Warranty
The warranty terms and conditions for the product(s) covered by this manual follow the
General Sales Conditions by Nevion, which are available on the company web site:
www.nevion.com
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PGM-HD-2x1-PB Rev. B
組成名稱
Part Name
Toxic or hazardous substances and elements
鉛
Lead
(Pb)
汞
Mercury
(Hg)
镉
Cadmium
(Cd)
六价铬
Hexavalent
Chromium
(Cr(VI))
多溴联苯
Polybrominated
biphenyls
(PBB)
多溴二苯醚
Polybrominated
diphenyl ethers
(PBDE)
PGM-HD-2x1-PB
O O O O O
O
O: Indicates that this toxic or hazardous substance contained in all of the homogeneous materials for this part is
below the limit requirement in SJ/T11363-2006.
X: Indicates that this toxic or hazardous substance contained in at least one of the homogeneous materials used
for this part is above the limit requirement in SJ/T11363-2006.
Appendix A Materials declaration and recycling
information
A.1 Materials declaration
For product sold into China after 1st March 2007, we comply with the “Administrative
Measure on the Control of Pollution by Electronic Information Products”. In the first
stage of this legislation, content of six hazardous materials has to be declared. The
table below shows the required information.
This is indicated by the product marking:
A.2 Recycling information
Nevion provides assistance to customers and recyclers through our web site
http://www.nevion.com/. Please contact Nevion’s Customer Support for assistance with
recycling if this site does not show the information you require.
Where it is not possible to return the product to Nevion or its agents for recycling, the
following general information may be of assistance:
Before attempting disassembly, ensure the product is completely disconnected
from power and signal connections.
All major parts are marked or labeled to show their material content.
Depending on the date of manufacture, this product may contain lead in solder.
Some circuit boards may contain battery-backed memory devices.
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