Netopia 4542, 4541 User Manual

Netopia™ 4541 and 4542 ADSL Routers

User’s Reference Guide

This manual and any associated artwork, software, and product designs are copyrighted with all rights reserved. Under the copyright laws such materials may not be copied, in whole or part, without the prior written consent of Netopia, Inc. Under the law, copying includes translation to another language or format.

Netopia, Inc. 2470 Mariner Square Loop Alameda, CA 94501-1010 U.S.A.

Part Number

For additional copies of this electronic manual, order Netopia part number 6161090-PF-02.

Printed Copies

For printed copies of this manual, order Netopia part number TER/Doc (P/N 6161090-00-02).

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Contents 1

Chapter 1 — Introduction..........................................................1-1

Overview....................................................................... 1-1

Features and capabilities ............................................... 1-1

How to use this guide .................................................... 1-2

Chapter 2 — Making the Physical Connections..........................2-1

Find a location............................................................... 2-1

What you need .............................................................. 2-1

Identify the connectors and attach the cables.................. 2-2

Netopia 4541/4542 ADSL Router status lights................ 2-3

Chapter 3 — Sharing the Connection.........................................3-1

Conﬁguring TCP/IP on Windows-based Computers............ 3-1

Dynamic conﬁguration (recommended)................... 3-2

Static conﬁguration (optional)................................ 3-3

Conﬁguring TCP/IP on Macintosh Computers ................... 3-5

Dynamic conﬁguration (recommended)................... 3-5

Static conﬁguration (optional)................................ 3-6

Chapter 4 — Connecting to Your Local Area Network.................4-1

Readying computers on your local network....................... 4-1

Connecting to an Ethernet network.................................. 4-2

Chapter 5 — Console-Based Management.................................5-1

Connecting through a Telnet session............................... 5-2

Conﬁguring Telnet software ................................... 5-3

Connecting a console cable to your router ....................... 5-3

Navigating through the console screens .......................... 5-4

Chapter 6 — Easy Setup...........................................................6-1

Easy Setup console screens........................................... 6-1

Accessing the Easy Setup console screens............ 6-1

Quick Easy Setup connection path .................................. 6-2

DSL Line Conﬁguration ......................................... 6-3

Easy Setup Proﬁle................................................ 6-4

2 User’s Reference Guide

IP Easy Setup ...................................................... 6-5

Easy Setup Security Conﬁguration ......................... 6-7

Chapter 7 — WAN and System Conﬁguration.............................7-1

WAN conﬁguration.......................................................... 7-1

Creating a new Connection Proﬁle................................... 7-4

The default proﬁle.......................................................... 7-7

IP parameters (default proﬁle) screen .................... 7-8

Scheduled connections.................................................. 7-8

Viewing scheduled connections............................. 7-9

Adding a scheduled connection........................... 7-10

Set Weekly Schedule.......................................... 7-11

Set Once-Only Schedule...................................... 7-12

Modifying a scheduled connection....................... 7-13

Deleting a scheduled connection......................... 7-13

System conﬁguration screens ...................................... 7-13

Navigating through the system conﬁguration screens...... 7-14

System conﬁguration features............................. 7-15

IP setup............................................................. 7-16

Filter sets (ﬁrewalls)........................................... 7-16

IP address serving ............................................. 7-16

Date and time.................................................... 7-16

Console conﬁguration......................................... 7-17

SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)..... 7-17

Security............................................................. 7-18

Upgrade feature set ........................................... 7-18

Logging ............................................................. 7-18

Installing the Syslog client .................................. 7-19

Chapter 8 — IP Setup...............................................................8-1

IP Setup........................................................................ 8-2

IP subnets........................................................... 8-4

Static routes........................................................ 8-6

IP Address Serving ...................................................... 8-10

Contents 3

IP Address Pools................................................ 8-13

DHCP NetBIOS Options....................................... 8-15

More Address Serving Options...................................... 8-17

Conﬁguring the IP Address Server options............ 8-18

DHCP Relay Agent........................................................ 8-23

Connection Proﬁles...................................................... 8-25

Chapter 9 — Multiple Network Address Translation ...................9-1

Overview....................................................................... 9-1

Features.............................................................. 9-1

Supported trafﬁc.................................................. 9-5

MultiNAT Conﬁguration................................................... 9-5

Easy Setup Proﬁle conﬁguration ............................ 9-6

Server Lists and Dynamic NAT conﬁguration........... 9-6

IP setup............................................................... 9-7

Modifying map lists............................................ 9-12

Adding Server Lists...................................................... 9-14

Modifying server lists ......................................... 9-17

Deleting a server ............................................... 9-19

Binding Map Lists and Server Lists............................... 9-20

IP proﬁle parameters.......................................... 9-20

IP Parameters (WAN Default Proﬁle)..................... 9-22

NAT Associations......................................................... 9-24

MultiNAT Conﬁguration Example.................................... 9-26

Chapter 10 — Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)........................10-1

Overview..................................................................... 10-1

About PPTP Tunnels..................................................... 10-3

PPTP conﬁguration.............................................. 10-4

About IPsec Tunnels..................................................... 10-7

Conﬁguration ..................................................... 10-7

IP Proﬁle Parameters........................................ 10-10

Advanced IP Proﬁle Options............................... 10-11

Interoperation with other features...................... 10-12

4 User’s Reference Guide

About ATMP Tunnels................................................... 10-12

ATMP conﬁguration........................................... 10-12

Encryption Support.................................................... 10-15

MS-CHAP V2 and 128-bit strong encryption........ 10-15

ATMP/PPTP Default Proﬁle.......................................... 10-16

VPN QuickView .......................................................... 10-17

Dial-Up Networking for VPN......................................... 10-18

Installing Dial-Up Networking............................. 10-18

Creating a new Dial-Up Networking proﬁle .......... 10-19

Conﬁguring a Dial-Up Networking proﬁle ............. 10-20

Installing the VPN Client............................................. 10-21

Windows 95 VPN installation............................. 10-21

Windows 98 VPN installation............................. 10-22

Connecting using Dial-Up Networking................. 10-23

Allowing VPNs through a Firewall................................. 10-23

PPTP example.................................................. 10-24

ATMP example................................................. 10-26

Chapter 11 — Security ...........................................................11-1

Suggested security measures....................................... 11-1

User accounts............................................................. 11-1

Telnet access .............................................................. 11-3

About ﬁlters and ﬁlter sets ........................................... 11-4

What’s a ﬁlter and what’s a ﬁlter set?.................. 11-4

How ﬁlter sets work............................................ 11-4

How individual ﬁlters work................................... 11-6

Design guidelines............................................. 11-11

Working with IP ﬁlters and ﬁlter sets............................ 11-12

Adding a ﬁlter set............................................. 11-12

Deleting a ﬁlter set........................................... 11-17

A sample ﬁlter set............................................ 11-17

Firewall tutorial.......................................................... 11-20

General ﬁrewall terms ...................................... 11-20

Contents 5

Basic IP packet components............................. 11-21

Basic protocol types......................................... 11-21

Firewall design rules......................................... 11-22

Filter basics..................................................... 11-24

Example ﬁlters................................................. 11-25

Chapter 12 — Monitoring Tools...............................................12-1

Quick View status overview .......................................... 12-1

General status................................................... 12-2

Current status ................................................... 12-3

Status lights...................................................... 12-3

Statistics & Logs......................................................... 12-4

Event histories ............................................................ 12-4

IP Routing Table........................................................... 12-7

General Statistics........................................................ 12-7

System Information...................................................... 12-9

SNMP......................................................................... 12-9

The SNMP Setup screen................................... 12-10

SNMP traps..................................................... 12-11

Chapter 13 — Utilities and Diagnostics...................................13-1

Ping............................................................................ 13-2

Trace Route................................................................. 13-4

Telnet client................................................................. 13-5

Factory defaults........................................................... 13-6

Transferring conﬁguration and ﬁrmware ﬁles with TFTP.... 13-7

Updating ﬁrmware .............................................. 13-7

Downloading conﬁguration ﬁles ........................... 13-8

Uploading conﬁguration ﬁles ............................... 13-9

Transferring conﬁguration and ﬁrmware ﬁles with

XMODEM..................................................................... 13-9

Updating ﬁrmware ............................................ 13-10

Downloading conﬁguration ﬁles ......................... 13-11

Uploading conﬁguration ﬁles ............................. 13-11

6 User’s Reference Guide

Restarting the system................................................ 13-12

Appendix A — Troubleshooting..................................................A-1

Conﬁguration problems .................................................. A-1

Console connection problems ............................... A-2

Network problems................................................ A-2

How to reset the router to factory defaults ...................... A-3

Power outages............................................................... A-3

Technical support .......................................................... A-4

How to reach us................................................... A-4

Appendix B — Technical Speciﬁcations and Safety Information ..B-1

Description.................................................................... B-1

Power requirements ............................................. B-1

Environment ........................................................ B-1

Software and protocols......................................... B-1

Agency approvals........................................................... B-1

Regulatory notices ............................................... B-2

Important safety instructions ................................ B-4

Limited Warranty and Limitation of Remedies-Revised January 2002

Introduction 1-1

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Overview

The Netopia 4541/4542 ADSL Router is a full-featured, stand-alone DSL router for connecting diverse local area networks (LANs) to the Internet and other remote networks. The Netopia 4541/4542 ADSL Router uses a high performance telecommunications line to provide your whole network with a high-speed connection to the outside world. Model 4541 is designed for North American users; model 4542 is designed for non-North American users. Both support the same features.

This section covers the following topics:

■

“Features and capabilities” on page 1-1

■

“How to use this guide” on page 1-2

Features and capabilities

The Netopia 4541/4542 ADSL Router provides the following features:

■

Support for IP routing for Internet and Intranet connectivity

■

ADSL WAN interface supports symmetric data rates from 144 kbps to 2.32 Mbps Built-in VPN features offer secure Internet connections between remote ofﬁces and travelers

■

Built-in ﬁrewall protects LAN resources from Internet intruders

■

Support for Ethernet LANs with multiple Ethernet IP subnets 10/100-Base T Ethernet port connects easily to an existing LAN hub

■

Interoperable with a wide array of DSLAM equipment

■

Console-based Telnet client

■

UNIX syslog client Status lights (LEDs) for easy monitoring and troubleshooting

■

Support for Console-based management

■

NAT/NATP, multi-NAT, and DHCP for security and convenience Wall-mountable, Bookshelf (Side-stackable), or Desktop-stackable design for efﬁcient space usage

■

1-2 User’s Reference Guide

How to use this guide

In addition to the simple documentation contained in the accompanying designed to be your single source for information about your Netopia 4541/4542 ADSL Router. It is intended to be viewed on-line, using the powerful features of the Adobe Acrobat Reader. The information display has been deliberately designed to present the maximum information in the minimum space on your screen. You can keep this document open while you perform any of the procedures described, and ﬁnd useful information about the procedure you are performing.

You can also print out all of the manual, or individual sections, if you prefer to work from hard copy rather than on-line documentation. The pages are formatted to print on standard 8 1/2 by 11 inch paper. We recommend that you print on 3-hole punched paper, so that you can put the pages in a binder for future reference. For your convenience, a printed copy is available from Netopia. Order part number TE4541/Doc.

This guide is organized into chapters describing the Netopia 4541/4542’s advanced features. You may want to read each chapter’s introductory section to familiarize yourself with the various features available.

Use the guide’s table of contents and index to locate informational topics.

Getting Started Guide

, this guide is

Making the Physical Connections 2-1

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This section tells you how to make the physical connections to your Netopia 4541/4542 ADSL Router. This section covers the following topics:

■

“Find a location” on page 2-1

■

“What you need” on page 2-1 “Identify the connectors and attach the cables” on page 2-2

■

“Netopia 4541/4542 ADSL Router status lights” on page 2-3

■

Find a location

When choosing a location for the Netopia ADSL Router, consider:

■

Available space and ease of installation

■

Physical layout of the building and how to best use the physical space available for connecting your Netopia ADSL Router to the LAN

Available wiring and jacks

■

Distance from the point of installation to the next device (length of cable or wall wiring)

■

Ease of access to the front of the unit for conﬁguration and monitoring Ease of access to the back of the unit for checking and changing cables

■

Cable length and network size limitations when expanding networks

For small networks, install the Netopia 4541/4542 near one of the LANs. For large networks, you can install the Netopia 4541/4542 in a wiring closet or a central network administration site.

What you need

Locate all items that you need for the installation. Included in your router package are:

■

The Netopia 4541/4542 ADSL Router A power adapter and cord with a mini-DIN8 connector

■

One Category 5 Ethernet cable

■

One Category 5 DSL WAN (or Line) cable A DB-9 to DB-9 console cable

■

The Netopia CD containing software and documentation

■

2-2 User’s Reference Guide

You will need:

■

A Windows 95 or 98–based PC or a Macintosh computer with Ethernet connectivity for conﬁguring the Netopia 4541/4542. This may be built-in Ethernet or an add-on card, with TCP/IP installed and conﬁgured. See “Sharing the Connection” on page 3-1.

■

An ADSL wall outlet wired for a connection to a Local Exchange Carrier (LEC) who supports Symmetric Digital Subscriber Line connections.

Identify the connectors and attach the cables

Identify the connectors and switches on the back panel and attach the necessary Netopia Router cables. The ﬁgure below displays the back of the Netopia 4541/4542 ADSL Router.

Netopia 4541/4542 back panel

ADSL port

Ethernet port

DSL

10/100 Ethernet

Console Power

Power port

Console port

Port Description

Power port A mini-DIN8 power adapter cable connection. Console port A DB-9 console port for a direct serial connection to the console screens. You

can use this if you are an experienced user. See “Connecting a console cable to

your router” on page 5-3.

DSL port An RJ-48 jack labeled DSL for your ADSL connection. Ethernet port An RJ-45 10/100Base-T Ethernet jack. Y ou will use this to conﬁgure the Netopia

4541/4542. For a new installation, use the Ethernet connection. Alternatively,

you can use the console connection to run console-based management using a

direct serial connection. You can either connect your computer directly the

Ethernet port using a crossover cable, or connect both your computer and the

Netopia 4541/4542 to an existing Ethernet hub on your LAN.

1. Connect the mini-DIN8 connector from the power adapter to the power port, and plug the other end into an electrical outlet.

2. Connect one end of the Category 5 cable to the DSL port, and the other end to your DSL wall outlet.

Making the Physical Connections 2-3

3. Connect the Ethernet cable to the Ethernet port on the router and the other end to your computer. You should now have: the power adapter plugged in; the Ethernet cable connected between the router and

your computer; and the DSL cable connected between the router and the DSL wall outlet.

Netopia 4541/4542 ADSL Router status lights

The ﬁgure below represents the Netopia 4541/4542 status light (LED) panel.

Netopia 4541/4542 LED front panel

DSL

Power

Error

Ethernet

The following table summarizes the meaning of the various LED states and colors:

When this happens... the LEDs...

The power is on The Router detects an error The Ethernet link is established The WAN has trained The WAN is training

Note:

The remaining LEDs are not used.

Power

is green.

Error

is red.

Ethernet DSL DSL

is green. is green. ﬂashes green.

2-4 User’s Reference Guide

Sharing the Connection 3-1

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Once you have set up your physical local area network, you will need to conﬁgure the TCP/IP stack on each client workstation connected to your Netopia 4541/4542. This chapter describes how to conﬁgure TCP/IP for both Windows-based and Macintosh computers.

This chapter explains the following topics:

■

“Conﬁguring TCP/IP on Windows-based Computers” on page 3-1

■

“Conﬁguring TCP/IP on Macintosh Computers” on page 3-5

Conﬁguring TCP/IP on Windows-based Computers

Conﬁguring TCP/IP on a Windows computer requires the following:

An Ethernet card (also known as a network adapter)

■

The TCP/IP protocol must be “bound” to the adapter or card

■

3-2 User’s Reference Guide

Dynamic conﬁguration (recommended)

To conﬁgure your PC for dynamic addressing do the following:

1. Go to the Start Menu/Settings/Control Panels and double click the Network icon. From the Network components list, select the Conﬁguration tab.

2. Select TCP/IP-->Your Network Card. Then select

Properties. In the TCP/IP Properties screen, select the IP Address tab. Click “Obtain an IP Address automatically”.

3. Click on the DNS Conﬁguration tab. Click Disable DNS. DNS will be assigned by the router with DHCP.

4. Click OK in this window and the next window. When prompted, reboot the computer.

Note:

You can also use these instructions to conﬁgure other computers on your network to accept IP addresses

served by the Netopia 4541/4542.

Sharing the Connection 3-3

Static conﬁguration (optional)

If you are manually conﬁguring for a ﬁxed or static IP address, perform the following:

1. Go to Start Menu/Settings/Control Panels and double click the Network icon. From the Network components list, select the Conﬁguration tab.

2. Select TCP/IP-->Your Network Card. Then select Properties. In the TCP/IP Properties screen, select the IP Address tab. Click “Specify an IP Address.”

Enter the following:

IP Address: 192.168.1.2 Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0, or for 12-user models 255.255.255.240

This address is an example of one that can be used to conﬁgure the router. Your ISP or network administrator may ask you to use a different IP address and subnet mask.

3-4 User’s Reference Guide

3. Click on the Gateway tab (shown below). Under “New gateway,” enter

192.168.1.1. Click Add. This is the Netopia 4541/4542’s pre-assigned IP address.

4. Click OK in this window and the next window. When prompted, reboot the computer.

Click on the DNS Conﬁguration tab. Click Enable DNS. Enter the following information:

Host: Type the name you want to give to this computer.

Domain: Type your domain name. If you don't have a domain name, type your ISP's domain name; for example, netopia.com.

DNS Server Search Order: Type the

primary DNS IP address given to you by your ISP. Click

Add. Repeat this process for the secondary DNS. Domain Sufﬁx Search Order: Enter the same domain

name you entered above.

Note: You can also use these instructions to conﬁgure other computers on your network with manual or static IP addresses. Be sure each computer on your network has its own IP address.

Sharing the Connection 3-5

Conﬁguring TCP/IP on Macintosh Computers

The following is a quick guide to conﬁguring TCP/IP for MacOS computers. Conﬁguring TCP/IP in a Macintosh computer requires the following:

■ You must have either Open Transport or Classic Networking (MacTCP) installed.

Note: If you want to use the Dynamic Host Conﬁguration Protocol (DHCP) server built into your Netopia 4541/4542 to assign IP addresses to your Macintoshes, you must be running Open Transport, standard in MacOS 8 and optional in earlier system versions. You can have your Netopia 4541/4542 dynamically assign IP addresses using MacTCP; however, to do so requires that the optional AppleTalk kit be installed which can only be done after the router is conﬁgured.

■ You must have built-in Ethernet or a third-party Ethernet card and its associated drivers installed in your

Macintosh.

Dynamic conﬁguration (recommended)

The Dynamic Host Conﬁguration Protocol (DHCP), which enables dynamic addressing, is enabled by default in the router. To conﬁgure your Macintosh computer for dynamic addressing do the following:

1. Go to the Apple menu. Select Control Panels and then TCP/IP.

2. With the TCP/IP window open, go to the Edit menu and select User Mode. Choose Basic and click OK.

3. In the TCP/IP window, select “Connect via: Ethernet” and “Conﬁgure: Using DHCP Server.”

Note: You can also use these instructions to conﬁgure other computers on your network to accept IP addresses served by the Netopia 4541/4542.

3-6 User’s Reference Guide

Static conﬁguration (optional)

If you are manually conﬁguring for a ﬁxed or static IP address, perform the following:

1. Go to the Apple menu. Select Control Panels and then TCP/IP or MacTCP.

2. With the TCP/IP window open, go to the Edit menu and select User Mode. Choose Advanced and click OK.

Or, in the MacTCP window, select Ethernet and click the More button.

3. In the TCP/IP window or in the MacTCP/More window, select or type information into the ﬁelds as shown in the following table.

Option: Select/Type:

Connect via: Ethernet Conﬁgure: Manually IP Address: 192.168.1.2 Subnet mask: 255.255.255.0, or for 12-user models

255.255.255.240 Router or Gateway address: 192.168.1.1 Name server address: Enter the primary and secondary name server

addresses given to you by your ISP

Implicit Search Path: Starting domain name:

Enter your domain name; if you do not have a domain name, enter the domain name of your ISP

4. Close the TCP/IP or MacTCP control panel and save the settings.

5. If you are using MacTCP, you must restart the computer. If you are using Open Transport, you do not need to restart.

Note: You can also use these instructions to conﬁgure other computers on your network to accept IP addresses served by the Netopia 4541/4542.

Sharing the Connection 3-7

Note: You can also use these instructions to conﬁgure other computers on your network with manual or static IP addresses. Be sure each computer on your network has its own IP address.

More information about conﬁguring your Macintosh computer for TCP/IP connectivity through a Netopia 4541/4542 can be found in T echnote NIR_026, “Open T ransport and Netopia Routers,” located on the Netopia Web site.

3-8 User’s Reference Guide

Connecting to Your Local Area Network 4-1

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This chapter describes how to physically connect the Netopia 4541/4542 to your local area network (LAN). Before you proceed, make sure the Netopia 4541/4542 is properly conﬁgured. You can customize the router’s conﬁguration for your particular LAN requirements using console-based management (see “Console-Based

Management” on page 5-1).

This section covers the following topics:

■ “Readying computers on your local network” on page 4-1

■ “Connecting to an Ethernet network” on page 4-2

Readying computers on your local network

PC and Macintosh computers must have certain components installed before they can communicate through the Netopia 4541/4542. The following illustration shows the minimal requirements for a typical PC or Macintosh computer.

Application software

TCP/IP stack

Ethernet Driver

Your PC or Macintosh computer

To the Netopia

Application software: This is the software you use to send e-mail, browse the World Wide Web, read newsgroups, etc. These applications may require some conﬁguration. Examples include the Eudora e-mail client and the Web browsers Microsoft Internet Explorer and Netscape Navigator.

TCP/IP stack: This is the software that lets your PC or Macintosh computer communicate using Internet protocols. TCP/IP stacks must be conﬁgured with some of the same information you used to conﬁgure the Netopia 4541/4542. There are a number of TCP/IP stacks available for PC computers. Windows 95 includes a built-in TCP/IP stack. Macintosh computers use either MacTCP or Open Transport. See “Conﬁguring TCP/IP on

Windows-based Computers” on page 3-1. Macintosh computers use either MacTCP or Open Transport. See “Conﬁguring TCP/IP on Macintosh Computers” on page 3-5.

Ethernet: Ethernet hardware and software drivers enable your PC or Macintosh computer to communicate on the LAN.

4-2 User’s Reference Guide

Once the Netopia 4541/4542 is properly conﬁgured and connected to your LAN, PC and Macintosh computers that have their required components in place will be able to connect to the Internet or other remote IP networks.

Connecting to an Ethernet network

The Netopia 4541/4542 supports Ethernet connections through its Ethernet port. You can connect a standard 10 or 100Base-T Ethernet network to the Netopia 4541/4542 using its Ethernet port.

Netopia 4541/4542 back panel

DSL

The Netopia 4541/4542 in a 10Base-T network

To connect your 10Base-T network to the Netopia 4541/4542 through the Ethernet port, use a 10Base-T cable with RJ-45 connectors.

If you have more than one device to connect, you can attach additional devices using a cross-over cable (not provided) or you can connect through a switch or repeater.

10/100 Ethernet

Console Power

10/100 Ethernet

Console-Based Management 5-1

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Console-based management is a menu-driven interface for the capabilities built into the Netopia 4541/4542. Console-based management provides access to a wide variety of features that the router supports. You can customize these features for your individual setup. This chapter describes how to access the console-based management screens.

This section covers the following topics:

■ “Connecting through a Telnet session” on page 5-2

■ “Connecting a console cable to your router” on page 5-3

■ “Navigating through the console screens” on page 5-4

Console-based management screens contain seven entry points to the Netopia 4541/4542 conﬁguration and monitoring features. The entry points are displayed in the Main Menu shown below:

Netopia 4541

Easy Setup... WAN Configuration... System Configuration... Utilities & Diagnostics... Statistics & Logs... Quick Menus... Quick View...

Return/Enter goes to Easy Setup -- minimal configuration. You always start from this main screen.

■ The Easy Setup menus display and permit changing the values contained in the default connection proﬁle.

You can use Easy Setup to initially conﬁgure the router directly through a console session. Easy Setup menus contain up to ﬁve descendant screens for viewing or altering these values. The number

of screens depends on whether you have optional features installed.

■ The WAN Conﬁguration menu displays and permits changing your connection proﬁle(s) and default proﬁle,

creating or deleting additional connection proﬁles, and conﬁguring or reconﬁguring the manner in which you

5-2 User’s Reference Guide

may be using the router to connect to more than one service provider or remote site.

■ The System Conﬁguration menus display and permit changing:

■ IP setup. See “IP Setup” on page 8-1.

■ Filter sets (ﬁrewalls). See “Security” on page 11-1.

■ IP address serving. See “IP Address Serving” on page 8-10.

■ Date and time. See “Date and time” on page 7-16.

■ Console conﬁguration. See “Connecting a console cable to your router” on page 5-3.

■ SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol). See “SNMP” on page 12-9.

■ Security. See “Security” on page 11-1.

■ Upgrade feature set. See “Upgrade feature set” on page 7-18.

■ The Utilities & Diagnostics menus provide a selection of seven tools for monitoring and diagnosing the

router's behavior, as well as for updating the ﬁrmware and rebooting the system. See “Utilities and

Diagnostics” on page 13-1 for detailed information.

■ The Statistics & Logs menus display nine sets of tables and device logs that show information about your

router, your network, and their history. See “Statistics & Logs” on page 12-4 for detailed information.

■ The Quick Menus screen is a shortcut entry point to 22 of the most commonly used conﬁguration menus

that are accessed through the other menu entry points.

■ The Quick View menu displays at a glance current real-time operating information about your router. See

“Quick View status overview” on page 12-1 for detailed information.

Connecting through a Telnet session

Features of the Netopia 4541/4542 can be conﬁgured through the console screens. Before you can access the console screens through Telnet, you must have:

■ A network connection locally to the router or IP access to the router.

Note: Alternatively, you can have a direct serial console cable connection using the provided console cable for your platform (PC or Macintosh) and the Console port on the back of the router. For more information on attaching the console cable, see “Connecting a console cable to your router” on page 5-3.

■ Telnet software installed on the computer you will use to conﬁgure the router

Console-Based Management 5-3

Conﬁguring Telnet software

If you are conﬁguring your router using a Telnet session, your computer must be running a Telnet software program.

■ If you connect a PC with Microsoft Windows, you can use a Windows Telnet application or simply run Telnet

from the Start menu.

■ If you connect a Macintosh computer, you can use the NCSA Telnet program supplied on the Netopia

4541/4542 CD. You install NCSA Telnet by simply dragging the application from the CD to your hard disk.

Connecting a console cable to your router

You can perform all of the system conﬁguration activities for your Netopia 4541/4542 through a local serial console connection using terminal emulation software, such as HyperTerminal provided with Windows 95, 98, 2000, or NT on the PC, or ZTerm, included on the Netopia CD, for Macintosh computers.

The Netopia 4541/4542 back panel has a connector labeled “Console” for attaching the Router to either a PC or Macintosh computer via the serial port on the computer. (On a Macintosh computer, the serial port is called the Modem port or Printer port.) This connection lets you use the computer to conﬁgure and monitor the Netopia 4541/4542 via the console screens.

DSL

10/100 Ethernet

Console Power

Console connection port DB-9 (male)

To connect the Netopia 4541/4542 to your computer for serial console communication, use a console cable appropriate to your platform:

■ A DB-9 connector end attaches to a PC.

■ A mini-DIN8 connector end attaches to a Macintosh computer depending on your computer’s serial bus

type. Since Macintosh computers have different serial bus connectors, you will need a mini-DIN8-to-DB-9 adapter. These are available from a variety of third-party manufacturers.

■ A DB-9 end of the Console cable attaches to the Netopia 4541/4542’s Console port.

■ If you connect a PC with Microsoft Windows 95, 98, 2000, or NT, you can use the HyperTerminal

application bundled with the operating system.

■ If you connect a Macintosh computer, you can use the ZTerm terminal emulation program on the supplied

Netopia 4541/4542 CD.

5-4 User’s Reference Guide

Launch your terminal emulation software and conﬁgure the communications software for the values shown in the table below. These are the default communication parameters that the Netopia 4541/4542 uses.

Parameter Suggested Value

Terminal type PC: ANSI-BBS

Mac: ANSI, VT-100, or VT-200

Data bits 8 Parity None Stop bits 1 Speed 9600 - 57600 bits per second Flow Control None Note: The router ﬁrmware contains an autobaud detection feature. If you are at any

screen on the serial console, you can change your baud rate and press Return (HyperTerminal for the PC requires a disconnect). The new baud rate is displayed at the bottom of the screen.

Navigating through the console screens

Use your keyboard to navigate the Netopia 4541/4542’s conﬁguration screens, enter and edit information, and make choices. The following table lists the keys to use to navigate through the console screens.

To... Use These Keys...

Move through selectable items in a screen or pop-up menu Up, Down, Left, and Right Arrow Set a change to a selected item or open a pop-up menu of

options for a selected item like entering an upgrade key Change a toggle value (Yes/No, On/Off) Tab Restore an entry or toggle value to its previous value Esc Move one item up Up arrow or Control + K Move one item down Down arrow or Control + O Display a dump of the device event log Control + E Display a dump of the WAN event log Control + F Refresh the screen Control + L

Return or Enter

Easy Setup 6-1

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This chapter describes how to use the Easy Setup console screens on your Netopia 4541/4542. After completing the Easy Setup console screens, your router will be ready to connect to the Internet or another remote site.

Easy Setup console screens

Using four Easy Setup console screens, you can:

■ Modify a connection proﬁle for your router for the connection to your ISP or remote location

■ Set up IP addresses and IP address serving

■ Password–protect conﬁguration access to your Netopia 4541/4542

Accessing the Easy Setup console screens

To access the console screens, Telnet to the Netopia Router over your Ethernet network or physically connect with a serial console cable and access the Netopia Router with a terminal emulation program. See “Connecting

through a Telnet session” on page 5-2 or “Connecting a console cable to your router” on page 5-3.

Note: Before continuing, make sure you have the information that your ISP or network administrator has given you for conﬁguring the Netopia Router.

The Netopia Router’s ﬁrst console screen, Main Menu, appears in the terminal emulation window of the attached PC or Macintosh computer when:

■ The Netopia Router is turned on

■ The computer is connected to the Netopia Router

■ Telnet or the terminal emulation software is running and conﬁgured correctly

A screen similar to the following Main Menu appears:

6-2 User’s Reference Guide

Netopia Router

Easy Setup... WAN Configuration... System Configuration... Utilities & Diagnostics... Statistics & Logs... Quick Menus... Quick View...

If you do not see the Main Menu, verify that:

■ If you are using a serial connection, that your serial port speed is the same as the Netopia 4541/4542’s

default 9600 baud, for ﬁrst use.

■ The computer used to view the console screen has its serial port connected to the Netopia 4541/4542’s

Console port or an Ethernet connection to one of its Ethernet ports. See “Connecting a console cable to

your router” on page 5-3 or “Connecting through a Telnet session” on page 5-2.

■ Telnet or the terminal emulation software is conﬁgured for the recommended values.

■ If you are connecting via the Console port, your computer’s serial port is not being used by another device,

such as an internal modem, or an application. Turn off all other programs (other than your terminal emulation program) that may be interfering with your access to the port.

■ You have entered the correct password, if necessary. Your Netopia 4541/4542’s console access may be

password protected from a previous conﬁguration. See your system administrator to obtain the password. See Appendix A, “Troubleshooting,” for more suggestions.

Quick Easy Setup connection path

If your ISP assigns your Router a Static IP address, do the following:

1. Open a Telnet session to 192.168.1.1 to bring up the Main Menu. If you don't know how to do this, see “Connecting through a Telnet session” on page 5-2. Alternatively, you can connect the console cable and open a direct serial console connection, using a

terminal emulator program. See “Connecting a console cable to your router” on page 5-3.

Easy Setup 6-3

The Main Menu appears.

Netopia Router

Easy Setup... WAN Configuration... System Configuration... Utilities & Diagnostics... Statistics & Logs... Quick Menus... Quick View...

2. Select the ﬁrst item on the Main Menu list, Easy Setup. Press Return to bring up the ADSL Line Conﬁguration menu screen.

DSL Line Conﬁguration

ADSL Line Configuration Circuit Type... Multimode

Data Link Encapsulation... RFC1483 RFC1483 Mode... Bridged 1483 PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE): Off

Data Circuit VPI (0-255): 8 Data Circuit VCI (0-65535): 35

PREVIOUS SCREEN NEXT SCREEN

1. Select Circuit Type and, from the pop-up menu, choose the type of circuit to which you will be connecting: Multimode, T1.413, G.dmt, G.lite, or ADI.

2. Select Data Link Encapsulation and from the pop-up menu choose either RFC1483 (the default) or PPP.

■ If you selected RFC1483, the next pop-up menu RFC1483 Mode offers the choice of Bridged 1483 or

6-4 User’s Reference Guide

Routed 1483. If you select Bridged 1483, a new option PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE) appears. You can then toggle PPPoE On or Off. Choosing Routed 1483 hides the PPPoE option.

■ If you selected PPP, the next pop-up menu PPP Mode offers the choice of VC Multiplexed or LLC SNAP.

3. The next two ﬁelds, Data Circuit VPI and Data Circuit VCI are editable. Enter the Virtual Path Identiﬁer and Virtual Channel Identiﬁer values that your provider speciﬁes.

4. Press the Down arrow key until you reach NEXT SCREEN. Press Return to bring up the next screen.

Easy Setup Proﬁle

The Easy Setup Proﬁle screen is where you conﬁgure the parameters that control the Netopia 4541/4542’s connection to a speciﬁc remote destination, usually your ISP or a corporate site.

On a Netopia 4541/4542 you can add up to 15 more connection proﬁles, for a total of 16, although you can only use one at a time, unless you are using Virtual Private Networks (VPNs).

Connection Profile 1: Easy Setup Profile

Connection Profile Name: Easy Setup Profile

Address Translation Enabled: Yes IP Addressing... Numbered

Local WAN IP Address: 0.0.0.0 Local WAN IP Mask: 0.0.0.0 Remote IP Address: 0.0.0.0 Remote IP Mask: 0.0.0.0

PPP Authentication... None

PREVIOUS SCREEN NEXT SCREEN

Note: The appearance of this screen varies, depending on the settings in the previous screen.

1. To enable address translation, toggle Address Translation Enabled to Yes (the default). For more information on Network Address Translation, see Chapter 9, “Multiple Network Address Translation.”

2. From the IP Addressing menu item, choose between Unnumbered and Numbered addressing. Numbered is the default for ADSL. It assigns a unique IP address to the ADSL WAN interface, as required by most ISPs’ routers. Unnumbered may be used for simpler conﬁgurations such as point-to-point applications.

Easy Setup 6-5

If you selected Numbered, the following ﬁelds appear.

■ Select the editable ﬁeld labeled Local WAN IP Address.

The default address is 0.0.0.0, which allows for dynamic addressing, when your ISP assigns an address each time you connect. However, you can enter another speciﬁc address if you want to use static addressing. In that case, enter the local WAN address your ISP gave you. Press Return.

■ Select the editable ﬁeld labeled Local WAN IP Mask. Enter the mask address your ISP gave you. Press

Return.

If you selected Unnumbered, the following ﬁelds appear.

■ Select the editable ﬁeld labeled Remote IP Address and enter the remote IP address. Press Return.

■ Select the editable ﬁeld labeled Remote IP Mask and enter the remote mask address. Press Return.

3. If you selected PPP data link encapsulation in the DSL Line Conﬁguration screen, a PPP Authentication menu item appears. The authentication protocol and user name/password combinations you enter must be assigned or agreed to in advance between you and your ISP. Select PPP Authentication and press Return.

From the pop-up menu that appears, select the authentication method your ISP uses: PAP (Password Authentication Protocol), CHAP (Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol), or None.

■ PAP is the most common, and requires you to enter a User Name and Password in the next two ﬁelds.

■ CHAP requires you to enter a Host Name and Secret in the next two ﬁelds.

4. Press the Down arrow key until you reach NEXT SCREEN. Press Return to bring up the next screen.

IP Easy Setup

The IP Easy Setup screen is where you enter information about your Netopia Router’s:

■ Ethernet IP address

■ Ethernet Subnet mask

■ Domain Name

■ Domain Name Server IP address

■ Default gateway IP address

Consult with your network administrator to obtain the information you will need. For more information about setting up IP, see “IP Setup” on page 8-2.

6-6 User’s Reference Guide

IP Easy Setup

Ethernet IP Address: 192.168.1.1 Ethernet Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0

Domain Name: isp.net Primary Domain Name Server: 209.3.224.21 Secondary Domain Name Server: 209.3.224.20

Default IP Gateway: 127.0.0.2 IP Address Serving: On Number of Client IP Addresses: 100

1st Client Address: 192.168.1.100

PREVIOUS SCREEN NEXT SCREEN Enter an IP address in decimal and dot form (xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx).

Set up the basic IP & IPX attributes of your Netopia in this screen.

1. Select Ethernet IP Address and enter the ﬁrst IP address from the IP address range your ISP has given you. This will be the Netopia Router’s IP address.

The Ethernet IP Address defaults to an address (192.168.1.1) within a range reserved by the Internet address administration authority for use within private networks.

Because this is a private network address, it should never be directly connected to the Internet. Using NAT for all your connection proﬁles will ensure this restriction. See Chapter 9, “Multiple Network Address

Translation,” for more information.

2. Select Ethernet Subnet Mask and enter the subnet mask your ISP has given you. The Ethernet Subnet Mask defaults to a standard class mask derived from the class of the Ethernet IP address you entered in the previous step.

3. Press the Down arrow key until the editable ﬁeld labeled Domain Name is highlighted.

4. Type the Domain Name your ISP gave you. Press Return. The next ﬁeld Primary Domain Name Server will be highlighted.

5. Type the Primary Domain Name Server address your ISP gave you. Press Return. A new ﬁeld Secondary Domain Name Server will appear. If your ISP gave you a secondary domain name server address, enter it here. Press Return until the next ﬁeld Default IP Gateway is highlighted.

6. If you do not enter a Default IP Gateway value, the router defaults to the remote IP address you entered in the Easy Setup connection proﬁle. If the Netopia Router does not recognize the destination of any IP trafﬁc, it forwards that trafﬁc to this gateway.

Do not confuse the remote IP address and the Default IP Gateway’s address with the block of local IP addresses you receive from your ISP. You use the local IP addresses for the Netopia 4541/4542’s Ethernet port and for IP clients on your local network. The remote IP address and the default gateway’s IP address should point to your ISP’s router.

Easy Setup 6-7

7. Toggle IP Address Serving to On or Off, depending on whether you want the device’s IP address server to supply dynamic IP addresses to your client workstations. Normally, you would accept the default On so that workstations on your LAN can have IP addresses assigned dynamically from the router.

8. The IP address server will provide 100 IP addresses automatically to workstations on your LAN. You only need to change the Number of Client IP Addresses if you have some other IP addressing scheme.

9. By default, the 1st Client Address is 192.168.1.100, based on the device’s default IP address of

192.168.1.1. You only need to change this if you have some other IP addressing scheme.

10. Press the Down arrow key until you reach NEXT SCREEN. Press Return.

Easy Setup Security Conﬁguration

The Easy Setup Security Conﬁguration screen lets you password-protect your Netopia 4541/4542. Input your Write Access Name and Write Access Password with names or numbers totaling up to eleven digits.

If you password protect the console screens, you will be prompted to enter the name and password you have speciﬁed every time you log in to the console screens. Do not forget your name and password. If you do, you will be unable to access any of the conﬁguration screens.

Additional security features are available. See “Security” on page 11-1.

Easy Setup Security Configuration

It is strongly suggested that you password-protect configuration access to your Netopia. By entering a Name and Password pair here, access via serial, Telnet, and SNMP will be password-protected.

Be sure to remember what you have typed here, because you will be prompted for it each time you configure this Netopia.

Write Access Name: Write Access Password:

PREVIOUS SCREEN TO MAIN MENU RESTART DEVICE

Configure a Configuration Access Name and Password here.

The ﬁnal step in conﬁguring the Easy Setup console screens is to restart the Netopia 4541/4542, so that the conﬁguration settings take effect.

1. Select RESTART DEVICE. A prompt asks you to conﬁrm your choice.

2. Select CONTINUE to restart the Netopia Router and have your selections take effect.

Note: You can also restart the system at any time by using the Restart System utility (see “Restarting the

system” on page 13-12) or by turning the Netopia Router off and on with the power switch.

6-8 User’s Reference Guide

The Router will restart and your conﬁguration settings will be activated. You can then Exit or Quit your Telnet application.

Easy Setup is now complete.

WAN and System Conﬁguration 7-1

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WWWWAAAANNNN aaaannnndddd SSSSyyyysssstttteeeemmmm CCCCoooonnnnffffiiiigggguuuurrrraaaattttiiiioooonn

This chapter describes how to use the console-based management screens to access and conﬁgure advanced features of your Netopia 4541/4542 ADSL Router. You can customize these features for your individual setup. These menus provide a powerful method for experienced users to set up their router’s connection proﬁles and system conﬁguration.

This section covers the following topics:

■ “WAN conﬁguration” on page 7-1

■ “Creating a new Connection Proﬁle” on page 7-4

■ “The default proﬁle” on page 7-7

■ “Scheduled connections” on page 7-8

■ “System conﬁguration screens” on page 7-13

■ “Navigating through the system conﬁguration screens” on page 7-14

■ “System conﬁguration features” on page 7-15

WAN conﬁguration

To conﬁgure your Wide Area Network (WAN) connection, navigate to the WAN Conﬁguration screen from the Main Menu and select WAN (Wide Area Network) Setup.

Main

The ADSL Line Conﬁguration screen appears.

WAN

Configuration

WAN

Setup

7-2 User’s Reference Guide

ADSL Line Configuration Circuit Type... Multimode

Signaling Mode... FDM Trellis Coding Enabled: On

Cell Format... Scrambled Unused Cell Format... Idle

Data Link Encapsulation... RFC1483 RFC1483 Mode... Bridged 1483 PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE): Off

Display/Change Circuit... Add Circuit... Delete Circuit...

1. Select Circuit Type and from the pop-up menu choose the type of circuit to which you will be connecting.

■ Model 4541 offers Multimode, T1.413, G.dmt, G.lite, or ADI.

■ Model 4542 offers Multimode, ADI ETDI, ITU Standard, UR2, ADI Legacy, TI Legacy and Alcatel ETSI.

2. Select Signaling Mode and choose Echo Cancellation or FDM (the default).

3. If you selected Multimode or G.lite as the Circuit Type, the Trellis Coding Enabled ﬁeld appears. Toggle it to On (the default) or Off.

4. Select whether the Cell Format is Unscrambled (the default) or Scrambled, and whether the Unused Cell Format is Empty or Idle (the default).

5. Select Data Link Encapsulation and press Return. The pop-up menu will offer you the choice of PPP or RFC1483.

■ If you selected PPP as your data link encapsulation method, the PPP Mode pop-up menu offers the

choice of VC Multiplexed (the default) or LLC SNAP.

■ If you selected RFC1483 your data link encapsulation method, two additional options display: an

RFC1483 Mode pop-up menu offers the choice of Bridged 1483 or Routed 1483. Bridged 1483 permits use of PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE) and is the default. You can then toggle PPPoE On or Off. Choosing Routed 1483 hides the PPPoE option.

6. To add a circuit, select Add Circuit and press Return. The Add Circuit screen appears.

WAN and System Conﬁguration 7-3

Add Circuit

Circuit Name: Circuit 2 Circuit Enabled: Yes

Circuit VPI (0-255): 0 Circuit VCI (0-65535): 0 Use Connection Profile... Default Profile

Use Default Profile for Circuit

ADD Circuit NOW CANCEL

■ Enter a name for the circuit in the Circuit Name ﬁeld.

■ Toggle Circuit Enabled to Yes.

■ Enter the Virtual Path Identiﬁer and the Virtual Channel Identiﬁer in the Circuit VPI and Circuit VCI

ﬁelds, respectively.

■ Then, select a Connection Proﬁle for the Circuit. To use the Default Proﬁle, select Use Default Proﬁle

for Circuit and press Return. For other options, select a proﬁle from the Use Connection Proﬁle

pop-up menu.

■ Select ADD Circuit NOW and press Return.

7. To display or change a circuit, select Display/Change Circuit, select a cicuit from the pop-up menu, and press Return. The ﬁelds are the same as those in the Add Circuit screen.

8. To delete a circuit, select Delete Circuit, select a cicuit from the pop-up menu, and press Return. In the conﬁrmation window, select CONTINUE and press Return.

9. Press Escape to return to the WAN Setup menu.

7-4 User’s Reference Guide

Creating a new Connection Proﬁle

For a Netopia 4541/4542, connection proﬁles are useful for conﬁguring the connection and authentication settings for negotiating a PPP connection on the ADSL link. If you are using the PPP data link encapsulation method, you can store your authentication information in the connection proﬁle so that your user name and password (or host name and secret) are transmitted when you attempt to connect.

Connection proﬁles deﬁne the networking protocols necessary for the router to make a remote connection. A connection proﬁle is like an address book entry describing how the router is to get to a remote site, or how to recognize and authenticate a connection. To create a new connection proﬁle, you navigate to the WAN Conﬁguration screen from the Main Menu, and select Add Connection Proﬁle.

Main

The Add Connection Proﬁle screen appears.

Add Connection Profile Profile Name: Profile 1

Profile Enabled: Yes Data Link Encapsulation... PPP

Data Link Options...

IP Profile Parameters...

COMMIT CANCEL Configure a new Conn. Profile. Finished? ADD or CANCEL to exit.

WAN

Configuration

Add Connection

Profile

On a Netopia 4541/4542 you can add up to 15 more connection proﬁles, for a total of 16, but you can only use one at a time, unless you are using VPNs.

1. Select Proﬁle Name and enter a name for this connection proﬁle. It can be any name you wish. For example: the name of your ISP.

2. Toggle Proﬁle Enabled to Yes or No. The default is Yes.

WAN and System Conﬁguration 7-5

3. Select Data Link Encapsulation and press Return. The pop-up menu offers the possible data link encapsulation methods for connection proﬁles used for a variety of purposes: PPP, RFC1483, ATMP, PPTP, or IPsec. If you select any data link encapsulation method other than RFC1483, a Data Link Options menu item is displayed; if you select RFC1483, Data Link Options is hidden.

4. If you chose any data link encapsulation method other than RFC1483, select Datalink Options and press Return.

■ If you selected ATMP, PPTP, or IPSec, see Chapter 10, “Virtual Private Networks (VPNs).”

■ If you selected PPP, the Datalink (PPP/MP) Options screen appears.

Datalink (PPP/MP) Options

Data Compression... Standard LZS Send Authentication... PAP Send User Name:

Send Password: Receive User Name: Receive Password:

Maximum Packet Size: 1500

In this Screen you will configure the PPP/MP specific connection params.

Select Data Compression and press Return. The pop-up menu offers the choices of None, Ascend LZS, or Standard LZS. Unless you are otherwise speciﬁcally directed, you can accept the default.

Select Send Authentication and press Return. From the pop-up menu that appears, select the authentication method your ISP uses, if any: PAP (Password

Authentication Protocol), CHAP (Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol), or None.

■ PAP is the most common, and requires you to enter a User Name and Password in the next two ﬁelds.

■ CHAP requires you to enter a Host Name and Secret in the next two ﬁelds.

You can specify user name and password for both outgoing and incoming connections. The Send User Name/Password parameters are used to specify your identity when connecting to a remote location. The Receive User Name/Password parameters are used when the ISP router requires authentication; this is not commonly required.

5. You can edit the Maximum Packet Size ﬁeld, if you want packets limited to a lower value than 1500. Return to the Add Connection Proﬁle screen by pressing Escape.

6. Select IP Proﬁle Parameters and press Return. The IP Proﬁle Parameters screen appears.

7-6 User’s Reference Guide

IP Profile Parameters

Address Translation Enabled: Yes IP Addressing... Numbered

NAT Map List... Easy-PAT List NAT Server List... Easy-Servers

Local WAN IP Address: 0.0.0.0 Local WAN IP Mask: 0.0.0.0

Filter Set... Remove Filter Set

RIP Profile Options...

7. Toggle or enter any IP Parameters you require and return to the Add Connection Proﬁle screen by pressing Escape. For more information, see “IP Setup” on page 8-2.

8. Select COMMIT and press Return. Your new Connection Proﬁle will be added. If you want to view the Connection Proﬁles in your device, return to the WAN Conﬁguration screen, and

select Display/Change Connection Proﬁle. The list of Connection Proﬁles is displayed in a scrolling pop-up screen.

WAN Configuration +-Profile Name---------------------IP Address------+ +--------------------------------------------------+ | Easy Setup Profile 255.225.255.255 | | Profile 1 0.0.0.0 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | +--------------------------------------------------+

WAN and System Conﬁguration 7-7

The default proﬁle

If you are using RFC1483 datalink encapsulation, the Default Proﬁle screen controls whether or not the ADSL link will come up without an explicitly conﬁgured connection proﬁle. (PPP datalink encapsulation does not support a default proﬁle, and the corresponding menu item is unavailable.) See “Connection Proﬁles” on

page 8-25 for more information.

You access the Default Proﬁle screen from the Main Menu by selecting WAN Conﬁguration and then selecting Default Proﬁle.

Main

The Default Proﬁle screen appears.

WAN Default Profile

Must Match a Defined Profile: No

IP Parameters...

WAN

Configuration

WAN

Default Profile

■ You can set Must Match a Deﬁned Proﬁle item to Yes or No (the default). This item controls whether or

not the ADSL link will come up without an explicitly conﬁgured connection proﬁle. If your ISP is serving you a dynamic IP Address, you need not explicitly conﬁgure a connection proﬁle, and the default behavior of the router will be to connect automatically once it is powered on.

7-8 User’s Reference Guide

IP parameters (default proﬁle) screen

If you are using RFC1483 datalink encapsulation, the IP Parameters (Default Proﬁle) screen allows you to conﬁgure various IP parameters for ADSL connections established without an explicitly conﬁgured connection proﬁle:

IP Parameters (Default Profile)

Address Translation Enabled: No

Filter Set (Firewall)... Remove Filter Set

Receive RIP: Both Transmit RIP: Off

Return/Enter accepts * Tab toggles * ESC cancels.

For an ADSL link, Network Address Translation (NA T) is disabled by default in the Default Proﬁle. You can enable it by toggling to Yes. For details on setting up IP Parameters see “IP Setup” on page 8-2.

Scheduled connections

Scheduled connections are useful for PPPoE, PPTP, and ATMP connection proﬁles. To go to the Scheduled Connections screen, select Scheduled Connections in the WAN Conﬁguration screen.

Main

WAN

Configuration

Scheduled

Connections

WAN and System Conﬁguration 7-9

Scheduled Connections

Display/Change Scheduled Connection... Add Scheduled Connection... Delete Scheduled Connection...

Navigate from here to add/modify/change/delete Scheduled Connections.

Viewing scheduled connections

To display a table of scheduled connections, select Display/Change Scheduled Connection in the Scheduled Connections screen. Each scheduled connection occupies one row of the table.

Scheduled Connections +-Days----Begin At---HH:MM---When----Conn. Prof. Name----Enabled-----+

+--------------------------------------------------------------------+ | mtWtfss 08:30PM 06:00 weekly Profile 01 No | | | | | | | | | | | +--------------------------------------------------------------------+

The ﬁrst column in the table shows a one-letter representation of the Days of the week, from Monday (M or m) to Sunday (S or s). If a letter representing a day is capitalized, the connection will be activated on that day; a lower-case letter means that the connection will not be activated on that day. If the scheduled connection is conﬁgured for a once-only connection, the word “once” will appear instead of the days of the week.

7-10 User’s Reference Guide

The other columns show:

■ The time of day that the connection will Begin At

■ The duration of the connection (HH:MM)

■ Whether it’s a recurring Weekly connection or used Once Only

■ Which connection proﬁle (Conn. Prof.) is used to connect

■ Whether the scheduled connection is currently Enabled

The router checks the date and time set in scheduled connections against the system date and time.

Adding a scheduled connection

To add a new scheduled connection, select Add Scheduled Connection in the Scheduled Connections screen and press Return. The Add Scheduled Connection screen appears.

Add Scheduled Connection

Scheduled Connection Enable: On How Often... Weekly Schedule Type... Forced Set Weekly Schedule... Use Connection Profile...

ADD SCHEDULED CONNECTION CANCEL Scheduled Connections dial remote Networks on a Weekly or Once-Only basis.

Follow these steps to conﬁgure the new scheduled connection:

■ To activate the connection, select Scheduled Connection Enable and toggle it to On. You can make the

scheduled connection inactive by toggling Scheduled Connection Enable to Off.

■ Decide how often the connection should take place by selecting How Often and choosing Weekly or Once

Only from the pop-up menu.

■ The Schedule Type allows you to set the exact weekly schedule or once-only schedule.

Options are:

■ Forced Up, meaning that this connection will be maintained whether or not there is a demand call on

the line.

■ Forced Down, meaning that this connection will be torn down or blocked whether or not there is a

WAN and System Conﬁguration 7-11

demand call on the line.

■ Demand-Allowed, meaning that this schedule will permit a demand call on the line.

■ Demand-Blocked, meaning that this schedule will prevent a demand call on the line.

■ Periodic, meaning that the connection is retried several times during the scheduled time.

■ If How Often is set to Weekly, the item directly below How Often reads Set W eekly Schedule. If How Often

is set to Once Only, the item directly below How Often reads Set Once-Only Schedule.

Set Weekly Schedule

If you set How Often to Weekly, select Set Weekly Schedule and go to the Set Weekly Schedule screen.

■ Select the days for the scheduled connection to occur and toggle them to Yes.

Set Weekly Schedule

Monday: No Tuesday: No Wednesday: No Thursday: No Friday: No Saturday: No Sunday: No

Scheduled Window Start Time: 11:50 AM or PM: AM

Scheduled Window Duration Per Day: 00:00

■ Select Scheduled Window Start Time and enter the time to initiate the scheduled connection.

■ You must enter the time in the format H:M, where H is a one- or two-digit number representing the hour and

M is a one- or two-digit number representing the minutes. The colon is mandatory. For example, the entry 1:3 (or 1:03) would be accepted as 3 minutes after one o’clock. The entry 7:0 (or 7:00) would be accepted as seven o’clock, exactly. The entries 44, :5, and 2: would be rejected.

■ Select AM or PM and choose AM or PM from the pop-up menu.

■ Select Scheduled Window Duration Per Day and enter the maximum duration allowed for this scheduled

connection, per call. You are ﬁnished conﬁguring the weekly options. Return to the Add Scheduled Connection screen to

continue.

7-12 User’s Reference Guide

Set Once-Only Schedule

If you set How Often to Once Only, select Set Once-Only Schedule and go to the Set Once-Only Schedule screen.

Set Once-Only Schedule

Place Call on (MM/DD/YY): 05/07/1998 Scheduled Window Start Time: 11:50

AM or PM: AM Scheduled Window Duration: 00:00

■ Select Place Call On (Date) and enter a date in the format MM/DD/YY or MM/DD/YYYY (month, day,

year). Note: You must enter the date in the format speciﬁed. The slashes are mandatory . For example, the entry

5/7/98 would be accepted as May 7, 1998. The entry 5/7 would be rejected.

■ Select Scheduled Window Start Time and enter the time to initiate the scheduled connection.

Note: You must enter the time in the format H:M, where H is a one- or two-digit number representing the

hour and M is a one- or two-digit number representing the minutes. The colon is mandatory. For example, the entry 1:3 (or 1:03) would be accepted as 3 minutes after one o’clock. The entry 7:0 (or 7:00) would be accepted as seven o’clock, exactly. The entries 44, :5, and 2: would be rejected.

■ Select AM or PM and choose AM or PM.

■ Select Scheduled Window Duration and enter the maximum duration allowed for this scheduled

connection. Use the same format restrictions noted above.

You are ﬁnished conﬁguring the once-only options. Return to the Add Scheduled Connection screen to continue.

■ In the Add Scheduled Connection screen, select Use Connection Proﬁle and choose from the list of

connection proﬁles you have already created. A scheduled connection must be associated with a connection proﬁle to be useful. The connection proﬁle becomes active during the times speciﬁed in the associated scheduled connection, if any exists.

■ Select ADD SCHEDULED CONNECTION to save the current scheduled connection. Select CANCEL to exit

the Add Scheduled Connection screen without saving the new scheduled connection.

WAN and System Conﬁguration 7-13

Modifying a scheduled connection

To modify a scheduled connection, select Display/Change Scheduled Connection in the Scheduled Connections screen to display a table of scheduled connections.

Select a scheduled connection from the table and press Return. The Change Scheduled Connection screen appears. The parameters in this screen are the same as the ones in the Add Scheduled Connection screen (except that ADD SCHEDULED CONNECTION and CANCEL do not appear). To ﬁnd out how to set them, see

“Adding a scheduled connection” on page 7-10.

Deleting a scheduled connection

To delete a scheduled connection, select Delete Scheduled Connection in the Scheduled Connections screen to display a table of scheduled connections.

Select a scheduled connection from the table and press the Return key to delete it. To exit the table without deleting the selected scheduled connection, press the Escape key.

System conﬁguration screens

You can connect to the Netopia 4541/4542’s system conﬁguration screens in either of two ways:

■ By using Telnet with the Router’s Ethernet port IP address

■ Through the console port, using a local terminal (see “Connecting a console cable to your router” on

page 5-3)

You can also retrieve the Netopia 4541/4542’s conﬁguration information and remotely set its parameters using the Simple Network Management Protocol (see “SNMP” on page 12-9).

Open a Telnet connection to the router’s IP address; for example, “192.168.1.1.”

7-14 User’s Reference Guide

The console screen will open to the Main Menu, similar to the screen shown below:

Netopia Router

Easy Setup... WAN Configuration... System Configuration... Utilities & Diagnostics... Statistics & Logs... Quick Menus... Quick View...

Return/Enter goes to Easy Setup -- minimal configuration. You always start from this main screen.

Navigating through the system conﬁguration screens

To help you ﬁnd your way to particular screens, some sections in this guide begin with a graphical path guide similar to the following example:

Main

System

Configuration

IP Setup

This particular path guide shows how to get to the Network Protocols Setup screens. The path guide represents these steps:

1. Beginning in the Main Menu, select System Conﬁguration and press Return. The System Conﬁguration screen appears.

2. Select IP Setup and press Return. The IP Setup screen appears.

To go back in this sequence of screens, use the Escape key.

WAN and System Conﬁguration 7-15

System conﬁguration features

The Netopia 4541/4542 ADSL Router’s default settings may be all you need to conﬁgure your Netopia 4541/4542. Some users, however, require advanced settings or prefer manual control over the default selections. For these users, the Netopia 4541/4542 provides system conﬁguration options.

To help you determine whether you need to use the system conﬁguration options, review the following requirements. If you have one or more of these needs, use the system conﬁguration options described in later chapters.

■ System conﬁguration of dynamic IP address distribution through DHCP or BootP

■ Greater network security through the use of ﬁlters

■ Use of Network Time Protocol

To access the system conﬁguration screens, select System Conﬁguration in the Main Menu, then press Return.

The System Conﬁguration menu screen appears:

System Configuration

IP Setup... Filter Sets (Firewalls)... IP Address Serving...

Date and Time... Console Configuration... SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)... Security... Upgrade Feature Set...

Logging... Return/Enter to configure Networking Protocols (such as TCP/IP).

Use this screen if you want options beyond Easy Setup.

7-16 User’s Reference Guide

IP setup

These screens allow you to conﬁgure your network’s use of the IP networking protocol.

■ Details are given in “IP Setup” on page 8-2.

Filter sets (ﬁrewalls)

These screens allow you to conﬁgure security on your network by means of ﬁlter sets and a basic ﬁrewall.

■ Details are given in “Security” on page 11-1.

IP address serving

These screens allow you to conﬁgure IP address serving on your network by means of DHCP, WANIP, and BootP.

■ Details are given in “IP Address Serving” on page 8-10.

Date and time

You can set the system’s date and time parameters in the Set Date and Time screen. Select Date and Time in the System Conﬁguration screen and press Return. The Set Date and Time screen

appears.

Set Date and Time

NTP (Network Time Prot.) Enabled: On Time Server Host Name/IP Address 204.152.184.72 Time Zone... GMT -8:00 Pacific Standard Time NTP Update Interval (HHHH:MM) 0:00

System Date Format: MM/DD/YY

System Time Format: AM/PM

Follow these steps to set the system’s date and time:

1. Toggle NTP (Network Time Prot.) Enabled to On to synchronize the Router’s time and date with a network server. Toggle this ﬁeld to Off to manually set the time and date; the options in this screen will change to allow you to manually enter the time and date parameters.

Note: If time and date are manually set, that information will be lost upon reboot or loss of power.

2. Enter the IP address of the time server in the ﬁeld Time Server Host Name/IP Address.

WAN and System Conﬁguration 7-17

3. Select the Router’s time zone from the Time Zone pop-up menu and press Return.

4. In the NTP Update Interval ﬁeld, enter how often to synchronize with the time server, using the format HHHH:MM where H is hours and M is minutes.

5. Select a System Date Format; the options are MM/DD/YY, DD/MM/YY, and YY/MM/DD, where M is month, D is day, and Y is year.

6. Select a System Time Format, either AM/PM or 24hrs.

7. Press Escape to return to the System Conﬁguration menu.

Console conﬁguration

You can change the default terminal communications parameters to suit your requirements. To go to the Console Conﬁguration screen, select Console Conﬁguration in the System Conﬁguration screen.

Console Configuration

Baud Rate... 57600

SET CONFIG NOW CANCEL

Follow these steps to change a parameter’s value:

1. Select 57600, 38400, 19200, or 9600.

2. Select SET CONFIG NOW to save the new parameter settings. Select CANCEL to leave the parameter unchanged and exit the Console Conﬁguration screen.

SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)

These screens allow you to monitor and conﬁgure your network by means of a standard Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) agent.

■ Details are given in “SNMP” on page 12-9.

7-18 User’s Reference Guide

Security

These screens allow you to add users and deﬁne passwords on your network.

■ Details are given in “Security” on page 11-1.

Upgrade feature set

You can upgrade your Netopia 4541/4542 by adding new feature sets through the Upgrade Feature Set utility. See the release notes that came with your router or feature set upgrade, or visit the Netopia Web site at

www.netopia.com for information on new feature sets, how to obtain them, and how to install them on your Netopia 4541/4542.

Logging

You can conﬁgure a UNIX-compatible syslog client to report a number of subsets of the events entered in the router’s WAN Event History. See “WAN Event History” on page 12-5.

The Syslog client (for the PC only) is available on the Netopia CD. Select Logging from the System Conﬁguration menu. The Logging Conﬁguration screen appears.

Logging Configuration

WAN Event Log Options Log Boot and Errors: Yes Log Line Specific: Yes Log Connections: Yes Log PPP, DHCP, CNA: Yes Log IP: Yes

Syslog Parameters Syslog Enabled: No Hostname or IP Address: Facility... Local 0

By default, all events are logged in the event history.

■ By toggling each event descriptor to either Yes or No, you can determine which ones are logged and which

are ignored.

■ You can enable or disable the syslog client dynamically. When enabled, it will report any appropriate and

previously unreported events.

■ You can specify the syslog server’s address either in dotted decimal format or as a DNS name up to 63

characters.

WAN and System Conﬁguration 7-19

■ You can specify the UNIX syslog Facility to use by selecting the Facility pop-up.

■ Erase the log by selecting DUMP WAN LOG

Installing the Syslog client

The Goodies folder on the Netopia CD contains a Syslog client daemon program that can be conﬁgured to report the WAN events you speciﬁed in the Logging Conﬁguration screen.

To install the Syslog client daemon, exit from the graphical Netopia CD program and locate the CD directory structure through your Windows desktop or through Windows Explorer. Go to the Goodies directory on the CD and locate the Sds15000.exe program. This is the Syslog daemon installer. Run the Sds15000.exe program and follow the on-screen instructions for enabling the Windows Syslog daemon.

The following screen shows a sample syslog dump of WAN events:

May 5 10:14:06 tsnext.netopia.com Link 1 down: PPP PAP failure May 5 10:14:06 tsnext.netopia.com >>Issued Speech Setup Request from our DN: 5108645534 May 5 10:14:06 tsnext.netopia.com Requested Disc. from DN: 917143652500 May 5 10:14:06 tsnext.netopia.com Received Clear Confirm for our DN: 5108645534 May 5 10:14:06 tsnext.netopia.com Link 1 down: Manual disconnect May 5 10:14:06 tsnext.netopia.com >>Issued Speech Setup Request from our DN: 5108645534 May 5 10:14:06 tsnext.netopia.com Requested Disc. from DN: 917143652500 May 5 10:14:06 tsnext.netopia.com Received Clear Confirm for our DN: 5108645534 May 5 10:14:06 tsnext.netopia.com Link 1 down: No answer May 5 10:14:06 tsnext.netopia.com --Device restarted----------------------------------------May 5 10:14:06 tsnext.netopia.com >>Received Speech Setup Ind. from DN: (not supplied) May 5 10:14:06 tsnext.netopia.com Requested Connect to our DN: 5108645534 May 5 10:14:06 tsnext.netopia.com ASYNC: Modem carrier detected (more) Modem reports: 26400 V34 May 5 10:14:06 tsnext.netopia.com >>WAN: 56K Modem 1 activated at 115 Kbps May 5 10:14:06 tsnext.netopia.com Connect Confirmed to our DN: 5108645534 May 5 10:14:06 tsnext.netopia.com PPP: Channel 1 up, Answer Profile name: Default Profile May 5 10:14:06 tsnext.netopia.com PPP: NCP up, session 1, Channel 1 Final (fallback) negotiated auth: Local PAP , Remote NONE May 5 10:14:06 tsnext.netopia.com PPP: PAP we accepted remote, Channel 1 Remote name: guest May 5 10:14:06 tsnext.netopia.com PPP: MP negotiated, session 1 Remote EDO: 06 03 0000C5700624 0 May 5 10:14:06 tsnext.netopia.com PPP: CCP negotiated, session 1, type: Ascend LZS Local mode: 1, Remote mode: 1 May 5 10:14:06 tsnext.netopia.com PPP: BACP negotiated, session 1 Local MN: FFFFFFFF, Remote MN: 00000001 May 5 10:14:06 tsnext.netopia.com PPP: IPCP negotiated, session 1, rem: 192.168.10.100 local:

192.168.1.1 May 5 10:14:06 tsnext.netopia.com >>WAN: 56K Modem 1 deactivated May 5 10:14:06 tsnext.netopia.com Received Clear Ind. from DN: 5108645534, Cause: 0 May 5 10:14:06 tsnext.netopia.com Issued Clear Response to DN: 5108645534 May 5 10:14:06 tsnext.netopia.com Link 1 down: Remote clearing May 5 10:14:06 tsnext.netopia.com PPP: IPCP down, session 1 May 5 10:14:06 tsnext.netopia.com >>Received Speech Setup Ind. from DN: (not supplied)

7-20 User’s Reference Guide

IP Setup 8-1

CCCChhhhaaaapppptttteeeerrrr 88

IIIIPPPP SSSSeeeettttuuuupp

The Netopia 4541/4542 uses Internet Protocol (IP) to communicate both locally and with remote networks. This chapter shows you how to conﬁgure the router to route IP trafﬁc. Y ou also learn how to conﬁgure the router to serve IP addresses to hosts on your local network.

Netopia’s IP routing features Network Address Translation and IP address serving. This section covers the following topics:

■ “IP Setup” on page 8-2

■ “IP Address Serving” on page 8-10

■ “More Address Serving Options” on page 8-17

■ “DHCP Relay Agent” on page 8-23

■ “Connection Proﬁles” on page 8-25

Network Address Translation allows communication between the LAN connected to the Netopia 4541/4542 and the Internet using a single (or a few) IP address(es) instead of a routed account with separate IP addresses for each computer on the network.

Network Address Translation also provides increased security by hiding the local IP addresses of the LAN connected to the Netopia 4541/4542 from the outside world.

The setup is simpler, so ISPs typically offer Internet accounts supporting Network Address Translation at a signiﬁcant cost savings.

For a detailed discussion of Network Address Translation, see Chapter 9, “Multiple Network Address

Translation.”

8-2 User’s Reference Guide

IP Setup

Main

System

Configuration

IP Setup

The IP Setup options screen is where you conﬁgure the Ethernet side of the Netopia 4541/4542. The information you enter here controls how the router routes IP trafﬁc.

Consult your network administrator or ISP to obtain the IP setup information (such as the Ethernet IP address, Ethernet subnet mask, default IP gateway, and Primary Domain Name Server IP address) you will need before changing any of the settings in this screen. Changes to these settings that you make in this screen will take effect only after the Netopia 4541/4542 is reset.

To go to the IP Setup options screen, from the Main Menu, select System Conﬁguration, then IP Setup. The IP Setup screen appears.

IP Setup Ethernet IP Address: 192.128.117.162

Ethernet Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0 Define Additional Subnets...

Default IP Gateway: 192.128.117.163 Primary Domain Name Server: 0.0.0.0

Secondary Domain Name Server: 0.0.0.0 Domain Name: yourdomain.com

Receive RIP... Both Transmit RIP... Off

Static Routes... IP Address Serving... Network Address Translation (NAT)...

Follow these steps to conﬁgure IP setup for your Netopia 4541/4542:

■ Select Ethernet IP Address and enter the IP address for the Netopia 4541/4542’s Ethernet port.

■ Select Ethernet Subnet Mask and enter the subnet mask for the Ethernet IP address that you entered in

the last step.

■ If you desire multiple subnets select Deﬁne Additional Subnets. If you select this item you will be taken to

the IP Subnets screen. This screen allows you to deﬁne IP addresses and masks for additional subnets. See “IP subnets” on page 8-4 for details.

IP Setup 8-3

The Netopia 4541/4542 supports multiple IP subnets on the Ethernet interface. You may want to conﬁgure multiple IP subnets to service more hosts than are possible with your primary subnet. It is not always possible to obtain a larger subnet from your ISP. For example, if you already have a full Class C subnet, your only option is multiple Class C subnets, since it is virtually impossible to justify a Class A or Class B assignment.

If you are using NAT, you can use the reserved Class A or Class B subnet.

■ Select Default IP Gateway and enter the IP address for a default gateway. This can be the address of any

major router accessible to the Netopia 4541/4542. A default gateway should be able to successfully route packets when the Netopia 4541/4542 doesn’t

know how to route to the intended recipient’s IP address. Typically, a default gateway is the ISP’s router.

■ Select Primary Domain Name Server and enter the IP address for a domain name server. The domain

name server matches the alphabetic addresses favored by people (for example, robin.hood.com) to the IP addresses actually used by IP routers (for example, 163.7.8.202).

■ If a secondary DNS server is available, select Secondary Domain Name Server and enter its IP address.

The secondary DNS server is used by the Netopia 4541/4542 when the primary DNS server is inaccessible. Entering a secondary DNS is useful but not necessary.

■ Select Domain Name and enter your network’s domain name (for example, netopia.com). Netopia strongly

recommends that you enter a domain name.

■ Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is needed if there are IP routers on other segments of your Ethernet

network that the Netopia 4541/4542 needs to recognize. If this is the case select Receive RIP and select v1, v2, or Both from the pop-up menu. With Receive RIP set to v1, the Netopia 4541/4542’s Ethernet port

will accept routing information provided by RIP packets from other routers that use the same subnet mask. Set to v2, the Netopia 4541/4542 will accept routing information provided by RIP packets from other routers that use different subnet masks. Set to Both, the Netopia 4541/4542 will accept information from either RIP v1 or v2 routers.

■ If you want the Netopia 4541/4542 to advertise its routing table to other routers via RIP, select Transmit

RIP and select v1, v2 (broadcast), or v2 (multicast) from the pop-up menu. With Transmit RIP v1 selected,

the Netopia 4541/4542 will generate RIP packets only to other RIP v1 routers. With Transmit RIP v2 (broadcast) selected, the Netopia 4541/4542 will generate RIP packets to all other hosts on the network. With Transmit RIP v2 (multicast) selected, the Netopia 4541/4542 will generate RIP packets only to other routers capable of recognizing RIP v2 packets.

■ Select Static Routes to manually conﬁgure IP routes. See the section “Static routes,” below.

■ Select Network Address Translation to conﬁgure advanced MultiNAT features. See Chapter 9, “Multiple

Network Address Translation.”.

■ If you select IP Address Serving you will be taken to the IP Address Serving screen (see “IP Address

Serving” on page 8-10). Since no two hosts can use the same IP address at the same time, make sure

that the addresses distributed by the Netopia 4541/4542 and those that are manually conﬁgured are not the same. Each method of distribution must have its own exclusive range of addresses to draw from.

8-4 User’s Reference Guide

IP subnets

The IP Subnets screen allows you to conﬁgure up to eight Ethernet IP subnets on unlimited-user models, one “primary” subnet and up to seven secondary subnets, by entering IP address/subnet mask pairs:

IP Subnets

IP Address Subnet Mask

---------------- -------------- #1: 192.128.117.162 255.255.255.0

#2: 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 #3: #4: #5: #6: #7: #8:

Note: You need not use this screen if you have only a single Ethernet IP subnet. In that case, you can continue to enter or edit the IP address and subnet mask for the single subnet on the IP Setup screen.

This screen displays up to eight rows of two editable columns, preceded by a row number between one and eight. If you have eight subnets conﬁgured, there will be eight rows on this screen. Otherwise, there will be one more row than the number of conﬁgured subnets. The last row will have the value 0.0.0.0 in both the IP address and subnet mask ﬁelds to indicate that you can edit the values in this row to conﬁgure an additional subnet. All eight row labels are always visible, regardless of the number of subnets conﬁgured.

■ To add an IP subnet, enter the Netopia 4541/4542’s IP address on the subnet in the IP Address ﬁeld in a

particular row and the subnet mask for the subnet in the Subnet Mask ﬁeld in that row.

IP Setup 8-5

For example:

IP Subnets

IP Address Subnet Mask

---------------- -------------- #1: 192.128.117.162 255.255.255.0

#2: 192.128.152.162 255.255.0.0 #3: 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 #4: #5: #6: #7: #8:

■ To delete a conﬁgured subnet, set both the IP address and subnet mask values to 0.0.0.0, either explicitly

or by clearing each ﬁeld and pressing Return to commit the change. When a conﬁgured subnet is deleted, the values in subsequent rows adjust up to ﬁll the vacant ﬁelds.

The subnets conﬁgured on this screen are tied to the address serving pools conﬁgured on the IP Address Pools screen, and that changes on this screen may affect the IP Address Pools screen. In particular, deleting a subnet conﬁgured on this screen will delete the corresponding address serving pool, if any, on the IP Address Pools screen.

8-6 User’s Reference Guide

If you have conﬁgured multiple Ethernet IP subnets, the IP Setup screen changes slightly:

IP Setup

Subnet Configuration... Default IP Gateway: 192.128.117.163 Primary Domain Name Server: 0.0.0.0

Secondary Domain Name Server: 0.0.0.0 Domain Name:

Receive RIP... Both Transmit RIP... v2 (multicast)

Static Routes... IP Address Serving... Network Address Translation (NAT)...

Set up the basic IP attributes of your Netopia in this screen.

The IP address and Subnet mask items are hidden, and the Deﬁne Additional Subnets... item becomes Subnet

Conﬁguration.... If you select Subnet Conﬁguration, you will return to the IP Subnets screen that allows you to

deﬁne IP addresses and masks for additional Ethernet IP subnets.

Static routes

Static routes are IP routes that are maintained manually. Each static route acts as a pointer that tells the Netopia 4541/4542 how to reach a particular network. However, static routes are used only if they appear in the IP routing table, which contains all of the routes used by the Netopia 4541/4542 (see “IP Routing Table” on

page 12-7).

Static routes are helpful in situations where a route to a network must be used and other means of ﬁnding the route are unavailable. For example, static routes are useful when you cannot rely on RIP.

To go to the Static Routes screen, select Static Routes in the IP Setup screen and press Return.

The Static Routes screen will appear.

Static Routes

Display/Change Static Route... Add Static Route... Delete Static Route...

Configure/View/Delete Static Routes from this and the following Screens.

Viewing static routes

IP Setup 8-7

To display a view-only table of static routes, select Display/Change Static Route. The table shown below will appear.

+-Dest. Network---Subnet Mask-----Next Gateway----Priority-Enabled-+ +------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 163.176.8.1 Low Yes | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | +------------------------------------------------------------------+

Select a Static Route to modify.

The table has the following columns: Dest. Network: The network IP address of the destination network.

8-8 User’s Reference Guide

Subnet Mask: The subnet mask associated with the destination network. Next Gateway: The IP address of the router that will be used to reach the destination network. Priority: An indication of whether the Netopia 4541/4542 will use the static route when it conﬂicts with

information received from RIP packets. Enabled: An indication of whether the static route should be installed in the IP routing table. To return to the Static Routes screen, press Escape.

Adding a static route

To add a new static route, select Add Static Route in the Static Routes screen. The Add Static Route screen will appear.

Add Static Route

Static Route Enabled: Yes Destination Network IP Address: 0.0.0.0 Destination Network Subnet Mask: 0.0.0.0 Next Gateway IP Address: 0.0.0.0 Route Priority... High Advertise Route Via RIP: No

ADD STATIC ROUTE NOW CANCEL Configure a new Static Route in this Screen.

■ To install the static route in the IP routing table, select Static Route Enabled and toggle it to Yes. To

remove the static route from the IP routing table, select Static Route Enabled and toggle it to No.

■ Be sure to read the rules on the installation of static routes in the IP routing table. See “Rules of static

route installation” on page 8-9.

■ Select Destination Network IP Address and enter the network IP address of the destination network.

■ Select Destination Network Subnet Mask and enter the subnet mask used by the destination network.

■ Select Next Gateway IP Address and enter the IP address for the router that the Netopia 4541/4542 will

use to reach the destination network. This router does not necessarily have to be part of the destination network, but it must at least know where to forward packets destined for that network.

■ Select Route Priority and choose High or Low. High means that the static route takes precedence over RIP

IP Setup 8-9

information; Low means that the RIP information takes precedence over the static route.

■ If the static route conﬂicts with a connection proﬁle, the connection proﬁle will always take precedence.

■ To make sure that the static route is known only to the Netopia 4541/4542, select Advertise Route Via

RIP and toggle it to No. To allow other RIP-capable routers to know about the static route, select Advertise Route Via RIP and toggle it to Yes. When Advertise Route Via RIP is toggled to Yes, a new item called RIP Metric appears below Advertise Route Via RIP.

With RIP Metric you set the number of routers, from 1 to 15, between the sending router and the destination router. The maximum number of routers on a packet’s route is 15. Setting RIP Metric to 1 means that a route can involve 15 routers, while setting it to 15 means a route can only involve one router.

■ Select ADD STA TIC ROUTE NOW to save the new static route, or select CANCEL to discard it and return to

the Static Routes screen.

■ Up to 32 static routes can be created, but one is always reserved for the default gateway, which is

conﬁgured using either Easy Setup or the IP Setup screen in system conﬁguration.

Modifying a static route

To modify a static route, in the Static Routes screen select Display/Change Static Route to display a table of static routes.

Select a static route from the table and go to the Change Static Route screen. The parameters in this screen are the same as the ones in the Add Static Route screen (see “Adding a static route” on page 8-8).

Deleting a static route

To delete a static route, in the Static Routes screen select Delete Static Route to display a table of static routes. Select a static route from the table and press Return to delete it. To exit the table without deleting the selected static route, press Escape.

Rules of static route installation

The Netopia 4541/4542 applies certain rules before installing enabled static routes in the IP routing table. An enabled static route will not be installed in the IP routing table if any of the following conditions are true:

■ The static route’s Next Gateway IP Address matches an IP address in the range of IP addresses being

distributed by DHCP.

■ The static route’s Next Gateway IP Address is determined to be unreachable by the Netopia 4541/4542.

■ The static route’s route information conﬂicts with a connection proﬁle’s route information.

■ The connection proﬁle associated with the static route has a disabled dial-on-demand setting, and there is

no current connection using that connection proﬁle.

A static route that is already installed in the IP routing table will be removed if any of the conditions listed above become true for that static route. However, an enabled static route is automatically reinstalled once the conditions listed above are no longer true for that static route.

8-10 User’s Reference Guide

IP Address Serving

Main

System

Configuration

IP Address

Serving

• Serve DHCP Clients

• Serve BootP Clients

• Serve Dynamic WAN Clients

In addition to being a router, the Netopia 4541/4542 is also an IP address server. There are three protocols it can use to distribute IP addresses.

■ The ﬁrst, called Dynamic Host Conﬁguration Protocol (DHCP), is widely supported on PC networks, as well

as Apple Macintosh computers using Open Transport and computers using the UNIX operating system. Addresses assigned via DHCP are “leased” or allocated for a short period of time; if a lease is not renewed, the address becomes available for use by another computer. DHCP also allows most of the IP parameters for a computer to be conﬁgured by the DHCP server, simplifying setup of each machine.

■ The second, called BootP (also known as Bootstrap Protocol), is the predecessor to DHCP and allows older

IP hosts to obtain most of the information that a DHCP client would obtain. However, in contrast, BootP address assignments are “permanent” since there is no lease renewal mechanism in BootP.

■ The third protocol, called Dynamic WAN, is part of the PPP/MP suite of wide area protocols used for WAN

connections. It allows remote terminal adapters and NAT-enabled routers to be assigned a temporary IP address for the duration of their connection.

Since no two hosts can use the same IP address at the same time, make sure that the addresses distributed by the Netopia 4541/4542 and those that are manually conﬁgured are not the same. Each method of distribution must have its own exclusive range of addresses to draw from.

Go to the System Conﬁguration screen. Select IP Address Serving and press Return. The IP Address Serving screen will appear.

Serve DHCP Clients: Yes DHCP Lease Time (Hours): 1 DHCP NetBIOS Options...

Serve BOOTP Clients: Yes Serve Dynamic WAN Clients Yes

IP Setup 8-11

Follow these steps to conﬁgure IP Address Serving:

■ If you enabled IP Address Serving, then DHCP, BootP clients and Dynamic WAN clients are automatically

enabled.

■ The IP Address Serving Mode pop-up menu allows you to choose the way in which the Netopia 4541/4542

will serve IP addresses. The device can act as either a DHCP Server or a DHCP Relay Agent. (See “DHCP

Relay Agent” on page 8-23 for more information.) In most cases, you will use the device to serve its own

pool of IP addresses, hence DHCP Server is the default. Address serving can also be disabled.

■ Select Number of Client IP Addresses and enter the total number of contiguous IP addresses that the

Netopia 4541/4542 will distribute to the client machines on your local area network. Twelve-user models are limited to twelve IP addresses.

In the screen example shown above, ﬁve Client IP addresses have been allocated.

■ Select 1st Client Address and enter the ﬁrst client IP address that you will allocate to your ﬁrst client

machine. For instance, on your local area network you may want to ﬁrst ﬁgure out which machines are going to be allocated speciﬁc static IP addresses so that you can determine the pool of IP addresses that you will be serving addresses from via DHCP, BootP, and/or Dynamic WAN.

Example: Your ISP has given your Netopia 4541/4542 the IP address 192.168.6.137, with a subnet mask of 255.255.255.248. The subnet mask allocated will give you six IP addresses to use when connecting to the ISP over the Internet. Your address range will be from .137-.143. In this example you would enter

192.168.6.138 as the 1st Client Address, since the router itself must have an IP address.

■ To enable DHCP, select Serve DHCP Clients and toggle it to Yes. DHCP serving is automatic when IP

Address Serving is enabled.

■ The default DHCP Lease time is one hour. This may be unnecessarily brief in your network environment.

Consequently, the DHCP lease time is now conﬁgurable. The DHCP Lease Time (Hours) setting allows you to modify the router’s default lease time of one hour. You can enter any number up to and including 168 hours (one week) for the DHCP lease.

8-12 User’s Reference Guide

If you have conﬁgured multiple Ethernet IP subnets, the appearance of the IP Address Serving screen is altered slightly:

IP Address Serving

IP Address Serving Mode... DHCP Server

Configure Address Pools... Serve DHCP Clients: Yes

DHCP Lease Time (Hours): 1 DHCP NetBIOS Options...

Serve BOOTP Clients: Yes Serve Dynamic WAN Clients Yes

Three menu items are hidden, and Conﬁgure Address Pools... appears instead. If you select Conﬁgure Address Pools... you will be taken to the IP Address Pools screen that allows you to conﬁgure an address

serving pool for each of the conﬁgured Ethernet IP subnets. See “IP Address Pools” on page 8-13.

IP Setup 8-13

IP Address Pools

The IP Address Pools screen allows you to conﬁgure a separate IP address serving pool for each of up to eight conﬁgured Ethernet IP subnets:

IP Address Pools

Subnet (# host addrs) 1st Client Addr Clients Client Gateway

--------------------- --------------- ------- --------------

192.128.117.0 (253) 192.128.117.196 16 192.128.117.162

192.129.117.0 (253) 192.129.117.110 8 192.129.117.4

This screen consists of between two and eight rows of four columns each. There are exactly as many rows as there are Ethernet IP subnets conﬁgured on the IP Subnets screen.

■ The Subnet (# host addrs) column is non-selectable and non-editable. It indicates the network address of

the Ethernet IP subnet for which an address pool is being conﬁgured and the number of host addresses available on the subnet. The network address is equal to the router’s IP address on the subnet bitwise-ANDed with the subnet mask. The host address count is equal to the subnet size minus three, since one address is reserved for the network address, one for the subnet broadcast address, and one for the router’s interface address on the subnet.

You can edit the remaining columns in each row.

■ The 1st Client Addr and Clients columns allow you to specify the base and extent of the address serving

pool for a particular subnet. Entering 0.0.0.0 for the ﬁrst client address or 0 for the number of clients indicates that no addresses will be served from the corresponding Ethernet IP subnet.

■ The Client Gateway column allows you to specify the default gateway address that will be provided to

clients served an address from the corresponding pool. The value defaults to the Netopia 4541/4542’s IP address on the corresponding subnet (or the Netopia 4541/4542’s default gateway, if that gateway is located on the subnet in question). You can override the value by entering any address that is part of the subnet.

DHCP, BootP , and dynamic WAN clients may receive an address from any one of the address serving pools conﬁgured on this screen.

8-14 User’s Reference Guide

Numerous factors inﬂuence the choice of served address. It is difﬁcult to specify the address that will be served to a particular client in all circumstances. However, when the address server has been conﬁgured, and the clients involved have no prior address serving interactions, the Netopia 4541/4542 will generally serve the ﬁrst unused address from the ﬁrst address pool with an available address. The Netopia 4541/4542 starts from the pool on the ﬁrst row and continues to the pool on the last row of this screen.

Once the address server and/or the clients have participated in address serving transactions, different rules apply:

■ When requesting an address, a client will often suggest an address to be assigned, such as the one it was

last served. The Netopia 4541/4542 will attempt to honor this request if the address is available. The client stores this address in non-volatile storage, for example, on disk, and the speciﬁc storage method/location differs depending on the client operating system.

■ When requesting an address, a client may provide a client identiﬁer, or, if it does not, the Netopia

4541/4542 may construct a pseudo-client identiﬁer for the client. When the client subsequently requests an address, the Netopia 4541/4542 will attempt to serve the address previously associated with the pseudo-client identiﬁer. This is normally the last address served to the client.

■ Otherwise, the Netopia will select the least-recently used available address, starting from the ﬁrst address

in the ﬁrst pool and ending with the last address in the last pool.

Note: The address serving pools on this screen are tied to the IP subnets conﬁgured on the IP Subnets screen. Changes to the IP Subnets screen may affect this screen. In particular, deleting a subnet on the IP Subnets screen will delete the corresponding address serving pool, if any, on this screen.

IP Setup 8-15

DHCP NetBIOS Options

If your network uses NetBIOS, you can enable the Netopia 4541/4542 to use DHCP to distribute NetBIOS information.

NetBIOS stands for Network Basic Input/Output System. It is a layer of software originally developed by IBM and Sytek to link a network operating system with speciﬁc hardware. NetBIOS has been adopted as an industry standard. It offers LAN applications a variety of “hooks” to carry out inter-application communications and data transfer. Essentially, NetBIOS is a way for application programs to talk to the network. To run an application that works with NetBIOS, a non-IBM network operating system or network interface card must offer a NetBIOS emulator. Many vendors either provide a version of NetBIOS to interface with their hardware or emulate its transport layer communications services in their network products. A NetBIOS emulator is a program provided by NetWare clients that allow workstations to run applications that support IBM’s NetBIOS calls.

■ Select DHCP NetBios Options and press Return. The DHCP NetBIOS Options screen appears.

DHCP NetBios Options

Serve NetBios Type: Yes NetBios Type... Type B

Serve NetBios Scope: No NetBios Scope:

Serve NetBios Name Server: No NetBios Name Server IP Addr: 0.0.0.0

Configure DHCP-served NetBIOS options here.

■ To serve DHCP clients with the type of NetBIOS used on your network, select Serve NetBios Type and

toggle it to Yes.

8-16 User’s Reference Guide

■ From the NetBios Type pop-up menu, select the type of NetBIOS used on your network.

DHCP NetBios Options +--------+

■ To serve DHCP clients with the NetBIOS scope, select Serve NetBios Scope and toggle it to Yes.

Select NetBios Scope and enter the scope.

■ To serve DHCP clients with the IP address of a NetBIOS name server, select Serve NetBIOS Name Server

and toggle it to Yes. Select NetBios Name Server IP Addr and enter the IP address for the NetBIOS name server. You are now ﬁnished setting up DHCP NetBIOS Options. To return to the IP Address Serving screen, press

Escape.

■ To enable BootP’s address serving capability, select Serve BOOTP Clients and toggle to Yes.

Note: Addresses assigned through BootP are permanently allocated from the IP Address Serving pool until

you release them. To release these addresses, navigate back to the Main Menu, then Statistics & Logs, Served IP Addresses, and Lease Management.

Main

Statistics

& Logs

Served IP

Addresses

Lease Management

IP Address Lease Management

Reset All Leases Release BootP Leases Reclaim Declined Addresses

Hit RETURN/ENTER, you will return to the previous screen.

Select Release BootP Leases and press Return.

■ Back in IP Address Serving, the Serve Dynamic WAN Clients toggle

IP Setup 8-17

More Address Serving Options

The Netopia 4541/4542 includes a number of enhancements in the built-in DHCP IP address server. These enhancements include:

■ The ability to exclude one or more IP addresses from the address serving pool so the addresses will not be

served to clients.

■ The ability to reserve a particular IP address for a client with a particular Ethernet MAC address.

■ The ability to view the host name associated with a client to which the router has leased an IP address.

■ The ability for the router’s Ethernet IP address(es) to overlap the DHCP address serving pool(s).

■ The ability to serve as a DHCP Relay Agent.

The Netopia 4541/4542 supports reserving an IP address only for a type 1 client identiﬁer (i.e., an Ethernet hardware address). It does not support reserving an IP address for an arbitrary client identiﬁer. (For more information on client identiﬁers, see RFC 2131, section 9.14.)

8-18 User’s Reference Guide

Conﬁguring the IP Address Server options

To access the enhanced DHCP server functions, from the Main Menu navigate to Statistics & Logs and then Served IP Addresses.

Main

Menu Addresses

Statistics & Logs

Served IP

The following example shows the Served IP Addresses screen after three clients have leased IP addresses. The ﬁrst client did not provide a Host Name in its DHCP messages; the second and third clients did.

Served IP Addresses

-IP Address------Type----Expires—-Host Name/Client Identifier-----------------

----------------------------------SCROLL UP-----------------------------------

192.168.1.100

192.168.1.101

192.168.1.102

192.168.1.103 DHCP 00:59 EN: 00-00-C5-70-00-04

192.168.1.104 DHCP 00:59 Bill’s Pentium

192.168.1.105 DHCP 00:45 Steve’s Power Mac

192.168.1.106

192.168.1.107

192.168.1.108

192.168.1.109

192.168.1.110

192.168.1.111

192.168.1.112

192.168.1.113

---------------------------------SCROLL DOWN--------------------------------- Lease Management...

The rightmost column displays the host name supplied by the client if one was provided; otherwise it displays the client identiﬁer. (If a host name is displayed, the client identiﬁer is still accessible in a Details pop-up menu. See below.)

Note: The server does not query the client for its host name. Macintosh computers running versions of MacOS prior to MacOS version 8.5 (OT 2.0.1, TCP/IP 2.0.1) do not supply a host name option in their DHCP messages, so no host name will appear in the Served IP Addresses list.

IP Setup 8-19

You can select the entries in the Served IP Addresses screen. Use the up and down arrow keys to move the selection to one of the entries in the list of served IP addresses.

Served IP Addresses

-IP Address------Type----Expires—-Host Name/Client Identifier-----------------

----------------------------------SCROLL UP-----------------------------------

192.168.1.100

192.168.1.101

192.168.1.102

192.168.1.103

192.168.1.104

192.168.1.105

192.168.1.106 +------------+

192.168.1.107 +------------+

192.168.1.108 | Details... | Barr's XPi 120

192.168.1.109 | Exclude |

192.168.1.110 | Release |

192.168.1.111 | Reserve... |

192.168.1.112 +------------+

192.168.1.113

---------------------------------SCROLL DOWN--------------------------------- Lease Management...

Once you select an entry, pressing Return displays an action pop-up menu that lists operations that can be performed on that entry. Possible operations are Details…, Exclude, Include, Release, and Reserve… The action popup is context-sensitive and lists only those operations that apply to the selected IP address in its current lease state.

8-20 User’s Reference Guide

■ Details… is displayed if the entry is associated with both a host name and a client identiﬁer.

Selecting Details… displays a pop-up menu that provides additional information associated with the IP address. The pop-up menu includes the IP address as well as the host name and client identiﬁer supplied by the client to which the address is leased.

Served IP Addresses

-IP Address------Type----Expires—-Host Name/Client Identifier-----------------

----------------------------------SCROLL UP-----------------------------------

192.168.1.100

192.168.1.101 +----------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +----------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | | | IP Address is 192.168.1.108 | | Host Name is Barr's XPi 120 | | Client ID is EN: 00-00-c5-45-89-ef | | | | OK | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------+

192.168.1.111 | Reserve... |

192.168.1.112 +------------+

192.168.1.113

---------------------------------SCROLL DOWN--------------------------------- Lease Management...

■ Exclude is displayed if the entry is not already excluded.

Selecting Exclude excludes the IP address from the address serving pool so the address will not be served to a client. If the IP address is currently leased to or reserved for a client, you will be presented with a warning dialog asking you to conﬁrm the operation.

IP Setup 8-21

Served IP Addresses

-IP Address------Type----Expires—-Host Name/Client Identifier-----------------

----------------------------------SCROLL UP-----------------------------------

192.168.1.100

192.168.1.101

192.1+-------------------------------------------------------------+

192.1| |

192.1| You are about to make changes that will affect an address |

192.1| that is currently in use. Are you sure you want to do this? |

192.1| |

192.1| CANCEL OK |

192.1| |

192.1+-------------------------------------------------------------+

192.168.1.111 | Reserve... |

192.168.1.112 +------------+

192.168.1.113

---------------------------------SCROLL DOWN--------------------------------- Lease Management...

■ Include is displayed if the entry is either excluded or declined.

An IP address is marked declined when a client to whom the DHCP server offers the address declines the address. A client declines an address if it determines that a leased address is already in use by another device.

Selecting Include restores the selected IP address to the address serving pool so that the IP address is once again eligible to be served to a client.

■ Release is displayed if the entry is currently offered, leased, or reserved.

Selecting Release puts the selected entry in the available state. You will be presented with a warning dialog asking you to conﬁrm the operation since the IP address is in use. There is no mechanism to notify the client to whom the address is leased that the lease has been terminated. Thus, the client will continue to use the address until the next time it attempts to renew its lease. In the interim, the server may lease the same IP address to a different client, thereby creating an address conﬂict. For this reason, releasing an address that is actively being used by a client is generally not recommended.

■ Reserve… is displayed if the entry is available, declined, excluded, leased, offered, or reserved.

Reserving an IP address for a client with a particular Ethernet MAC address guarantees that a client with the speciﬁed MAC address will be offered or leased the speciﬁed IP address. Moreover, it prevents the speciﬁed IP address from being offered or leased to any other client.

Selecting Reserve... displays a pop-up dialog box that displays the IP address and editable item in which you can enter an Ethernet MAC address. The pop-up dialog box includes OK and CANCEL buttons for conﬁrming or cancelling the operation. If the IP address is currently offered or leased to, or reserved for, a client, you will be presented with a warning dialog asking you to conﬁrm the operation. Reserving an IP address guarantees that the IP address will only be leased.

8-22 User’s Reference Guide

Served IP Addresses

-IP Address------Type----Expires—-Host Name/Client Identifier-----------------

----------------------------------SCROLL UP-----------------------------------

192.168.1.100

192.168.1.101

192.168.1.102 +--------------------------------------+

192.168.1.103 +--------------------------------------+

192.168.1.104 | |

192.168.1.105 | IP Address is 192.168.1.108 |

192.168.1.106 | MAC Address: 00-00-c5-45-89-ef |

192.168.1.107 | |

192.168.1.108 | CANCEL OK |

192.168.1.109 | |

192.168.1.110 | |

192.168.1.111 +--------------------------------------+

192.168.1.112 +------------+

192.168.1.113

---------------------------------SCROLL DOWN--------------------------------- Lease Management...

The router’s Ethernet IP address(es) will be automatically excluded from the address serving pool(s) on startup. Entries in the served IP address list corresponding to the router’s Ethernet IP address(es) that have been automatically excluded on startup are not selectable.

Served IP Addresses

-IP Address------Type----Expires--Host Name/Client Identifier-----------------

----------------------------------SCROLL UP-----------------------------------

192.168.1.1 Excluded for the router's IP address

192.168.1.2 Excluded

192.168.1.3 DHCP 00:24 Barr's XPi 120

192.168.1.4

192.168.1.5

192.168.1.6

192.168.1.7

192.168.1.8

192.168.1.9

192.168.1.10

192.168.1.11

192.168.1.12

192.168.1.13

192.168.1.14

---------------------------------SCROLL DOWN--------------------------------- Lease Management...

Hit RETURN/ENTER for available operations.

IP Setup 8-23

DDDDHHHHCCCCPPPP RRRReeeellllaaaayyyy AAAAggggeeeennnntt

The Netopia 4541/4542 offers DHCP Relay Agent functionality, as deﬁned in RFC1542. A DHCP relay agent is a computer system or a router that is conﬁgured to forward DHCP requests from clients on the LAN to a remote DHCP server, and to pass the replies back to the requesting client systems.

When a DHCP client starts up, it has no IP address, nor does it know the IP address of a DHCP server. Therefore, it uses an IP broadcast to communicate with one or more DHCP servers. These broadcasts are normally limited to the network segment on which the client is located, and do not pass through routers such as the Netopia Router. If the Netopia Router is conﬁgured to act as a DHCP server, it will assign the client an address from an address pool conﬁgured locally in the Netopia Router and respond to the client's request itself.

However, if the Netopia Router is conﬁgured to act as a DHCP relay agent, it does not satisfy the DHCP request itself, but instead forwards the request to one or more remote DHCP servers. These servers process the request, assign an address from an address pool conﬁgured on the remote server, and forward the response back to the Netopia Router for delivery back to the client. The agent then sends the response to the client on behalf of the DHCP server. This process is transparent to the client, which doesn't know that it is communicating through an intermediary rather than directly to a local server. Using DHCP relay, it is possible to centralize the conﬁguration information for the host computers at many remote sites at a single location, easing the burden of administering conﬁguration management for remote sites.

To conﬁgure the Netopia Router to act as a DHCP relay agent, from the Main Menu navigate to the System Conﬁguration menu.

Main

System

Configuration

IP Address

Serving

8-24 User’s Reference Guide

Select IP Address Serving and press Return. The IP Address Serving screen appears.

Serve DHCP Clients: Yes DHCP NetBIOS Options...

Serve BOOTP Clients: Yes

Select IP Address Serving Mode. The pop-up menu offers the choices of Disabled, DHCP Server (the default), and DHCP Relay Agent.

If you select DHCP Relay Agent and press Return, the screen changes as shown below.

IP Address Serving

IP Address Serving Mode... DHCP Relay Agent Relay Server #1: 10.1.1.1

Relay Server #2: 20.1.1.1 Relay Server #3: 30.1.1.1

Configure Address Serving (DHCP, BOOTP, etc.) here.

Now you can enter the IP address(es) of your remote DHCP server(s), such as might be located in your company’s corporate headquarters. Each time you enter an IP address and press Return, an additional ﬁeld appears. You can enter up to four DHCP server addresses.

In the example above, DHCP requests from clients on the LAN will be relayed to the DHCP servers at IP addresses 10.1.1.1, 20.1.1.1, and 30.1.1.1.

IP Setup 8-25

Note: The remote DHCP server(s) to which the Netopia Router is relaying DHCP requests must be capable of servicing relayed requests. Not all DHCP servers support this feature. For example, the DHCP server in the Netopia Router does not.

The DHCP server(s) to which the Netopia Router is relaying DHCP requests must be conﬁgured with one or more address pools that are within the Netopia Router’s primary Ethernet LAN subnet. (There is no mechanism for DHCP clients to receive an address on a secondary subnet via a relayed DHCP request.)

Connection Proﬁles

Since you will probably only have a single connection to your ISP over the DSL link, you may not need to create multiple connection proﬁles. Additional proﬁles may be useful for creating VPNs.

Connection Proﬁles deﬁne the line and networking protocols necessary for the router to make a remote connection. A connection proﬁle is like an address book entry describing how the router is to get to a remote site, or how to recognize and authenticate a remote user connecting to the router. To create a new Connection Proﬁle, you navigate to the WAN Conﬁguration screen from the Main Menu, and select Add Connection Proﬁle.

Main

The Add Connection Proﬁle screen appears.

Add Connection Profile Profile Name: Profile 1

Profile Enabled: Yes Data Link Encapsulation... PPP

Data Link Options...

IP Profile Parameters...

COMMIT CANCEL Configure a new Conn. Profile. Finished? COMMIT or CANCEL to exit.

WAN

Configuration

Add Connection

Profile

On a Netopia 4541/4542 you can add up to 15 more connection proﬁles, for a total of 16, although only one can be used at a time, unless you are using VPNs.

1. Select Proﬁle Name and enter a name for this connection proﬁle. It can be any name you wish. For example: the name of your ISP.

8-26 User’s Reference Guide

2. Toggle the Proﬁle Enabled value to Yes or No. The default is Yes.

3. Select IP Proﬁle Parameters and press Return. The IP Proﬁle Parameters screen appears.

IP Profile Parameters

Address Translation Enabled: Yes IP Addressing... Numbered

NAT Map List... Easy-PAT List NAT Server List... Easy-Servers

Local WAN IP Address: 0.0.0.0 Local WAN IP Mask: 0.0.0.0 Remote IP Address: 0.0.0.0 Remote IP Mask: 0.0.0.0

Filter Set... Remove Filter Set

RIP Profile Options... Configure IP requirements for a remote network connection here.

4. Toggle or enter any IP parameters you require and return to the Add Connection Proﬁle screen by pressing Escape. For more information on NAT, see “Multiple Network Address Translation,” beginning on page 9-1.

The Local WAN IP Address is displayed for numbered or NAT proﬁles. The Local WAN IP Mask is displayed for numbered proﬁles. The Remote IP Address and Remote IP Mask are displayed for unnumbered proﬁles.

IP Setup 8-27

5. Select ADD PROFILE NOW and press Return. Your new connection proﬁle will be added. If you want to view the connection proﬁles in your router, return to the WAN Conﬁguration screen, and

select Display/Change Connection Proﬁle. The list of connection proﬁles is displayed in a scrolling pop-up screen.

WAN Configuration +-Profile Name---------------------IP Address------+ +--------------------------------------------------+ | Easy Setup Profile 127.0.0.2 | | Profile 1 0.0.0.0 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |on: Yes | | | | | | | | +--------------------------------------------------+

Up/Down Arrow Keys to select, ESC to dismiss, Return/Enter to Edit.

8-28 User’s Reference Guide

Multiple Network Address Translation 9-1

CCCChhhhaaaapppptttteeeerrrr 99

MMMMuuuullllttttiiiipppplllleeee NNNNeeeettttwwwwoooorrrrkkkk AAAAddddddddrrrreeeessssssss TTTTrrrraaaannnnssssllllaaaattttiiiioooonn

The Netopia 4541/4542 offers advanced Multiple Network Address Translation functionality. You should read this chapter completely before attempting to conﬁgure any of the advanced NAT features. This chapter covers the following topics:

■ Overview on page 9-1

■ MultiNAT Conﬁguration on page 9-5

■ Easy Setup Proﬁle conﬁguration on page 9-6

■ Server Lists and Dynamic NAT conﬁguration on page 9-6

■ Adding Server Lists on page 9-14

■ Binding Map Lists and Server Lists on page 9-20

■ NAT Associations on page 9-24

■ MultiNAT Conﬁguration Example on page 9-26

Overview

NAT (Network Address Translation) is a means of mapping one or more IP addresses and/or IP service ports into different values. This mapping serves two functions:

■ It allows the addresses of many computers on a LAN to be represented to the public Internet by only one or

a few addresses, saving you money.

■ It can be used as a security feature by obscuring the true addresses of important machines from potential

hackers on the Internet.

To help you understand some of the concepts discussed here, it may be helpful to introduce some NAT terminology.

The term mapping refers to rules that associate one or more private addresses on the Netopia Router’s LAN to one or more public addresses on the Netopia Routers WAN interface (typically the Internet).

The terms private and internal refer to addresses on the Netopia Router’s LAN. These addresses are considered private because they are protected or obscured by NAT and cannot be directly accessed from the WAN (or Internet) side of the Netopia Router unless speciﬁcally conﬁgured otherwise.

The terms public and external refer to the WAN (or Internet) side of the Netopia Router.

Features

MultiNAT features can be divided into several categories that can be used simultaneously in different combinations on a per-Connection Proﬁle basis.

9-2 User’s Reference Guide

The following is a general description of these features:

Port Address Translation

The simplest form of classic Network Address Translation is PAT (Port Address Translation). PAT allows a group of computers on a LAN, such as might be found in a home or small ofﬁce, to share a single Internet connection using one IP address. The computers on the LAN can surf the Web, read e-mail, download ﬁles, etc., but their individual IP addresses are never exposed to the public network. Instead, a single IP address acts as the source IP address of trafﬁc originating from the LAN. The Netopia Router allows you to deﬁne multiple PAT mappings, which can be individually mapped to different public IP addresses. This offers more control over the access permitted to users on the LAN.

A limitation of PAT is that communication must be initiated from the internal network. A user on the external side cannot access a machine behind a P AT connection. A PAT enhancement introduced in ﬁrmware version 4.4 is the ability to deﬁne multiple PAT mappings. Each of these can optionally map to a section or range of IP addresses of the internal network. PAT mapping allows only internal users to initiate trafﬁc ﬂow between the internal and external networks.

Server lists

Server lists, previously known as exported services, make it possible to provide access from the public network to hosts on the LAN. Server lists allow you to deﬁne particular services, such as Web, ftp, or e-mail, which are available via a public IP address. You deﬁne the type of service you would like to make available and the internal IP address to which you would like to provide access. You may also deﬁne a speciﬁc public IP address to use for this service if you want to use an IP other than the WAN IP address of the Netopia Router.

Static mapping

If you want to host your own Website or provide other Internet services to the public, you need more than classic NAT. The reason is noted under Port Address Translation above – external users cannot initiate trafﬁc to computers on your LAN because external users can never see the real addresses of the computers on your LAN. If you want users outside your LAN to have access, for example, to a Web or FTP server that you host, you need to make a public representation of the real IP addresses of those servers.

Static mappings are a way to make one or more private IP addresses fully accessible from the public network via corresponding public IP addresses. Some applications may negotiate multiple TCP connections in the process of communication, which often does not work with traditional PAT. Static mapping offers the ability to use these applications through NAT. Each private IP address is mapped, on a one-to-one basis, to a public IP address that can be accessed from the Internet or public network. As with PA T mappings, you may have multiple static mappings to map a range of private IP addresses to a range of public IP addresses if desired.

Dynamic mapping

Dynamic mapping, often referred to as many-to-few, offers an extension to the advantages provided by static mapping. Instead of requiring a one-to-one association of public addresses and private addresses, as is required in static mapping, dynamic mapping uses a group of public IP addresses to dynamically allocate static mappings to private hosts that are communicating with the public network. If a host on the private network initiates a connection to the Internet, for example, the Netopia Router automatically sets up a one-to-one mapping of that host’s private IP address to one of the public IP addresses allocated to be used for Dynamic NAT. As long as this host is communicating with the Internet, it will be able to use that address. When trafﬁc from that host ceases, and no trafﬁc is passed from that host for ﬁve minutes, the public address is made available again for other private hosts to use as necessary.

Multiple Network Address Translation 9-3

When addresses are returned to the group of available addresses, they are returned to the head of the group, being the most recently used. If that same host requests a connection an hour later, and the same public address is still available, then it will be mapped to the same private host. If a new host, which has not previously requested a connection, initiates a connection it is allocated the last, or oldest, public address available.

Dynamic NAT is a way of sharing a range of public, or exterior, NAT addresses among one or more groups of private, or interior, hosts. This is intended to provide superior support for applications that traditionally have difﬁculty communicating through NAT. Dynamic NAT is intended to provide functionality beyond many-to-one and one-to-one translation. Netopia’s NAT implementation makes it possible to have a static mapping of one public address to one private address, thus allowing applications such as NetMeeting to work by assuring that any trafﬁc sent back to the source IP address is forwarded through to the internal machine.

Static one-to-one mapping works well if you have enough IP addresses for all the workstations on your LAN. If you do not, Dynamic NAT allows machines to make full use of the publicly routable IP addresses provided by the ISP as necessary, on demand. When these public IP addresses are no longer being used by a particular workstation, they are returned to a pool of available addresses for other workstations to use.

A common example is a DSL customer’s application. Most DSL ISPs only provide customers with a few IP addresses for use on their network. For networks with more than four or ﬁve machines it is usually mandatory to use NAT. A customer may have 15 workstations on the LAN, all of which need Internet access. The customer is only provided ﬁve IP addresses by their ISP. The customer has eight hosts, which only need to use email and have Web access, but another seven hosts, which use NetMeeting to communicate with clients once or twice a day. NetMeeting will not work unless a static one-to-one mapping exists for the machine running NetMeeting to use for communication. The customer does not have enough IP addresses to create a one-to-one mapping for each of the seven users. This is where dynamic NAT applies.

The customer can conﬁgure four of these addresses to be used for Dynamic NAT. The ﬁfth address is then used for the eight other machines that do not need one-to-one mappings. As each machine conﬁgured to use addresses from the dynamic pool tries to connect to the Internet it is allocated a public IP address to use temporarily. Once the communication has been terminated, that IP address is freed for one of the other six hosts to use.

Available for Dynamic NAT Used for Normal NAT

172.16.1.25

172.16.1.26

172.16.1.27

172.16.1.28

172.16.1.29

WAN Network

Network Address Translation

LAN Network

192.168.1.16

192.168.1.15

192.168.1.14

192.168.1.13

192.168.1.12

192.168.1.11

192.168.1.10

192.168.1.9

192.168.1.8

192.168.1.7

192.168.1.6

192.168.1.5

192.168.1.4

192.168.1.3

192.168.1.2

9-4 User’s Reference Guide

Exterior addresses are allocated to internal hosts on a demand, or as-needed, basis and then made available when trafﬁc from that host ceases. Once an internal host has been allocated an address, it will use that address for all trafﬁc. Five minutes after all trafﬁc ceases – no pings, all TCP connections closed, no DNS requests, etc. – the address is put at the head of an available list. If an interior host needs an exterior address an hour later, and the previously used address is still available, it will acquire the same address. If an interior host that has not previously been allocated an exterior address needs one, it will be allocated the last, hence the oldest, exterior address on the available list.

All NAT conﬁgurations are rule-based. This means that trafﬁc passed through NAT from either the public or the private network is compared to the rules and mappings conﬁgured in the Netopia Router in a particular order. The ﬁrst rule that applies to the trafﬁc being initiated is used.

For example, if a connection is initiated from the public network and is destined for a public IP address conﬁgured on the Netopia Router, the following comparisons are made in this order.

1. The Netopia Router ﬁrst checks its internal NAT cache to see if the data is part of a previously initiated connection, if not…

2. The Netopia Router checks the conﬁgured server lists to see if this trafﬁc is intended to be forwarded to an internal host based on the type of service.

3. The Netopia Router then checks to see if there is a static, dynamic, or PAT mapping for the public IP address that the connection is being initiated to.

4. The Netopia Router answers the request itself if the data is destined for the Netopia’s WAN interface IP address. Otherwise the data is discarded.

Complex maps

Map lists and server lists are completely independent of each other. A Connection Proﬁle can use one or the other or both.

MultiNAT allows complex mapping and requires more complex conﬁguration than in earlier ﬁrmware versions. Multiple mapped interior subnets are supported, and the rules for mapping each of the subnets may be different. The ﬁgure below illustrates a possible multiNAT conﬁguration.

Private Addresses IP HostPublic Addresses NAT Type

206.1.1.1

206.1.1.2

206.1.1.3

206.1.1.4

206.1.1.5

206.1.1.6

206.1.2.1 – 6 LAN Users (possible later)

}

192.168.1.1

192.168.1.253

192.168.1.254

192.168.1.1 – 252

Web/FTP Server Email Server

LAN Users LAN Users

1:1 Static 1:1 Static

1:1 Dynamic 1:Many PAT

1:1 Dynamic

Multiple Network Address Translation 9-5

In order to support this type of mapping, you deﬁne two address ranges. First, you deﬁne a public range which contains the ﬁrst and last public address to be used and the way in which these addresses should be used (P AT, static, or dynamic). You then conﬁgure an address map which deﬁnes the private IP address or addresses to be used and which public range they should be mapped to. You add the address map to the list of address maps which are conﬁgured, creating a map list. The mappings in the map list are order-dependent and are compared in order from the top of the list to the bottom. If a particular resource is not available, subordinate mappings can be deﬁned that will redirect trafﬁc.

Supported trafﬁc

MultiNat supports the following IP protocols:

■ PAT: TCP/UDP trafﬁc which does not carry source or destination IP addresses or ports in the data stream

(i.e., HTTP, Telnet, ‘r’ commands, tftp, NFS, NTP, SMTP, NNTP, etc.).

■ Static NAT: All IP protocol trafﬁc which does not carry or otherwise rely on the source or destination IP

addresses in the data stream.

■ Dynamic NAT: All IP protocol trafﬁc which does not carry or otherwise rely on the source or destination IP

addresses in the data stream.

MultiNAT Conﬁguration

You conﬁgure the MultiNAT features through the console menu:

■ For a simple 1-to-many NAT conﬁguration (classic NAT or PAT), use the Easy Setup Proﬁle conﬁguration,

described below.

■ For the more advanced features, such as server lists and dynamic NAT, follow the instructions in:

■ IP setup, described on page 9-7

■ IP proﬁle parameters, described on page 9-20

9-6 User’s Reference Guide

Easy Setup Proﬁle conﬁguration

The screen below is an example. Depending on the type of router you are using, ﬁelds displayed in this screen may vary.

Connection Profile 1: Easy Setup Profile

Connection Profile Name: Easy Setup Profile

Address Translation Enabled: Yes IP Addressing... Numbered

Local WAN IP Address: 0.0.0.0 Local WAN IP Mask: 255.255.255.0 Remote IP Address: 127.0.0.2 Remote IP Mask: 255.255.255.255

PPP Authentication... PAP Send User Name: tonyf Send Password: ********************

PREVIOUS SCREEN NEXT SCREEN Return/Enter brings you to next screen.

The Local WAN IP Address is used to conﬁgure a NAT public address range consisting of the Local WAN IP Address and all its ports. The public address map list is named Easy-PAT List and the port map list is named Easy-Servers.

The two map lists, Easy-PAT List and Easy-Servers, are created by default and NAT conﬁguration becomes effective.This will map all your private addresses (0.0.0.0 through 255.255.255.255) to your public address. These map lists are bound to the Easy Setup Proﬁle. See Binding Map Lists and Server Lists on page 9-20.

This is all you need to do if you want to continue to use a single PAT, or 1-to-many, NAT conﬁguration.

Server Lists and Dynamic NAT conﬁguration

You use the advanced NAT feature sets by ﬁrst deﬁning a series of mapping rules and then grouping them into a list. There are two kinds of lists -- map lists, made up of dynamic, PAT and static mapping rules, and server lists, a list of internal services to be presented to the external world. Creating these lists is a four-step process:

1. Deﬁne the public range of addresses that external computers should use to get to the NAT internal machines. These are the addresses that someone on the Internet would see.

2. Create a List name that will act as a rule or server holder.

3. Create a map or rule that speciﬁes the internal range of NATed addresses and the external range they are to be associated with.

4. Associate the Map or Server List to your WAN interface via a Connection Proﬁle or the Default Proﬁle.

The three NAT features all operate completely independently of each other, although they can be used simultaneously on the same Connection Proﬁle.

Multiple Network Address Translation 9-7

You can conﬁgure a simple 1-to-many PAT (often referred to simply as NAT) mapping using Easy Setup. More complex setups require conﬁguration using the Network Address Translation item on the IP Setup screen.

An example MultiNAT conﬁguration at the end of this chapter describes some applications for these features. See the MultiNAT Conﬁguration Example on page 9-26.

In order to conﬁgure the router to make servers on your LAN visible to the Internet, you use advanced features in the System Conﬁguration screens, described in IP setup.

IP setup

To access the NAT conﬁguration screens, from the Main Menu navigate to IP Setup:

Main

IP Setup Ethernet IP Address: 192.168.1.1

Ethernet Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0 Define Additional Subnets...

Default IP Gateway: 127.0.0.2 Primary Domain Name Server: 0.0.0.0

Secondary Domain Name Server: 0.0.0.0 Domain Name: isp.com

Receive RIP... Both Transmit RIP... Off

Static Routes... IP Address Serving... Network Address Translation (NAT)...

Set up the basic IP attributes of your Netopia in this screen.

System

Configuration

Select Network Address Translation (NAT) and press Return.

Setup

9-8 User’s Reference Guide

The Network Address Translation screen appears.

Network Address Translation

Add Public Range... Show/Change Public Range... Delete Public Range...

Add Map List... Show/Change Map List... Delete Map List...

Add Server List... Show/Change Server List... Delete Server List...

NAT Associations...

Return/Enter to configure IP Address redirection.

Public Range deﬁnes an external address range and indicates what type of mapping to apply when using this range. The types of mapping available are dynamic, static and pat.

Map Lists deﬁne collections of mapping rules. A rule maps interior range addresses to exterior range addresses by the mapping techniques deﬁned in the map list.

Server Lists bind internal IP addresses and ports to external IP addresses and ports so that connections initiated from the outside can access an interior server.

NAT rules

The following rules apply to assigning NAT ranges and server lists:

■ Static public address ranges must not overlap other static, PAT, public addresses, or the public address

assigned to the router’s WAN interface.

■ A PAT public address must not overlap any static address ranges. It may be the same as another PAT

address or server list address, but the port range must not overlap.

You conﬁgure the ranges of exterior addresses by ﬁrst adding public ranges. Select Add Public Range and press Return.

Multiple Network Address Translation 9-9

The Add NAT Public Range screen appears.

Add NAT Public Range

Range Name: my_first_range Type... pat Public Address: 206.1.1.6

First Public Port: 49152 Last Public Port: 65535

ADD NAT PUBLIC RANGE CANCEL

■ Select Range Name and give a descriptive name to this range.

■ Select Type and from the pop-up menu, assign its type. Options are static, dynamic, or pat (the default).

■ If you choose pat as the range type, select Public Address and enter the exterior IP address in the

range you want to assign. Select First and Last Public Port and enter the ﬁrst and last exterior ports in the range. These are the ports that will be used for trafﬁc initiated from the private LAN to the outside world.

Note: For PAT map lists and server lists, if you use the Public Address 0.0.0.0, the list will acquire its public IP address from the WAN IP address speciﬁed by your WAN IP conﬁguration in the Connection Proﬁle. If that is a static IP address, then the PAT map list and server lists will acquire that address. If it is a negotiated IP address, such as may be assigned via DHCP or PPP, the PAT map list and server lists will acquire that address each time it is negotiated.

■ If you choose dynamic as the range type, a new menu item, First Public Address, becomes visible.

Select First Public Address and enter the ﬁrst exterior IP address in the range you want to assign. Select Last Public Address and enter an IP address at the end of the range.

■ If you choose static as the range type, a new menu item, First Public Address, becomes visible.

Select First Public Address and enter the ﬁrst exterior IP address in the range you want to assign. Select Last Public Address and enter an IP address at the end of the range.

■ Select ADD NAT PUBLIC RANGE and press Return. The range will be added to your list and you will be

returned to the Network Address Translation screen.

Once the public ranges have been assigned, the next step is to bind interior addresses to them. Because these bindings occur in ordered lists, called map lists, you must ﬁrst deﬁne the list, then add mappings to it.

From the Network Address Translation screen select Add Map List and press Return. The Add NAT Map List screen appears.

9-10 User’s Reference Guide

Add NAT Map List

Map List Name: my_map

Add Map...

■ Select Map List Name and enter a descriptive name for this map list. A new menu item, Add Map,

appears.

■ Select Add Map and press Return. The Add NAT Map screen appears.

Add NAT Map ("my_map")

First Private Address: 192.168.1.1 Last Private Address: 192.168.1.254

Use NAT Public Range...

ADD NAT MAP CANCEL

■ Select First and Last Private Address and enter the ﬁrst and last interior IP addresses you want to assign

to this mapping.

■ Select Use NAT Public Range and press Return. A screen appears displaying the public ranges you have

deﬁned.

Multiple Network Address Translation 9-11

Add NAT Map ("my_map") +-Public Address Range------------Type----Name-------------+ +----------------------------------------------------------+ | 0.0.0.0 -- pat Easy-PAT | | 206.1.1.6 -- pat my_first_range | | 206.1.1.1 206.1.1.2 static my_second_range | | <<NEW RANGE...>> | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | +----------------------------------------------------------+

Up/Down Arrow Keys to select, ESC to cancel, Return/Enter to Delete.

■ From the list of public ranges you deﬁned, select the one that you want to map to the interior range for this

Select

mapping and press Return. If none of your preconﬁgured ranges are suitable for this mapping, you can select <<NEW RANGE>> and

create a new range. If you choose <<NEW RANGE>>, the Add NAT Public Range screen displays and you can create a new public range to be used by this map. See Add NAT Public Range on page 9-9.

■ The Add NAT Map screen now displays the range you have assigned.

Add NAT Map ("my_map")

First Private Address: 192.168.1.1 Last Private Address: 192.168.1.254

Use NAT Public Range... my_first_range Public Range Type is: pat

Public Range Start Address is: 206.1.1.6

ADD NAT MAP CANCEL

■ Select ADD NAT MAP and press Return. Your mapping is added to your map list.

9-12 User’s Reference Guide

Modifying map lists

You can make changes to an existing map list after you have created it. Since there may be more than one map list you must select which one you are modifying.

From the Network Address Translation screen select Show/Change Map List and press Return.

■ Select the map list you want to modify from the pop-up menu.

Up/Down Arrow Keys to select, ESC to dismiss, Return/Enter to Edit.

The Show/Change NAT Map List screen appears.

Show/Change NAT Map List

Map List Name: my_map

Add Map... Show/Change Maps... Delete Map...

Multiple Network Address Translation 9-13

■ Add Map allows you to add a new map to the map list.

■ Show/Change Maps allows you to modify the individual maps within the list.

■ Delete Map allows you to delete a map from the list.

Selecting Show/Change Maps or Delete Map displays the same pop-up menu.

Show/Change NAT Map List +---Private Address Range---------Type----Public Address Range------------+ +-------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.254 pat 206.1.1.6 -- | | 192.168.1.253 192.168.1.254 static 206.1.1.1 206.1.1.2 | | 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.252 dynamic 206.1.1.3 206.1.1.5 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | +-------------------------------------------------------------------------+

Scroll to the map you want to modify using the arrow keys and press Return. The Change NAT Map screen appears.

Change NAT Map ("my_map")

First Private Address: 192.168.1.253 Last Private Address: 192.168.1.254

Use NAT Public Range... my_second_range Public Range Type is: static

Public Range Start Address is: 206.1.1.1 Public Range End Address is: 206.1.1.2

CHANGE NAT MAP CANCEL

Make any modiﬁcations you need and then select CHANGE NAT MAP and press Return. Your changes will become effective and you will be returned to the Show/Change NAT Map List screen.

9-14 User’s Reference Guide

Adding Server Lists

Server lists, also known as Exports, are handled similarly to map lists. If you want to make a particular server’s port accessible (and it isn’t accessible through other means, such as a static mapping), you must create a server list.

Select Add Server List from the Network Address Translation screen. The Add NAT Server List screen appears.

Add NAT Server List

Server List Name: my_servers

Add Server...

■ Select Server List Name and type in a descriptive name. A new menu item, Add Server, appears.

Multiple Network Address Translation 9-15

■ Select Add Server and press Return. The Add NAT Server screen appears.

Add NAT Server ("my_servers")

Service... Server Private IP Address: 192.168.1.45 Public IP Address: 206.1.1.1

ADD NAT SERVER CANCEL

■ Select Service and press Return. A pop-up menu appears listing a selection of commonly exported

services.

ADD NAT SERVER CANCEL

■ Choose the service you want to export and press Return.

You can choose a preconﬁgured service from the list, or deﬁne your own by selecting Other. If you select Other, a screen is displayed that allows you to enter the port number range for your customized service.

9-16 User’s Reference Guide

Other Exported Port

First Port Number (1..65535): 31337 Last Port Number (1..65535): 31337

OK CANCEL

■ Enter the First and Last Port Number between ports 1 and 65535. Select OK and press Return. You

will be returned to the Add NAT Server screen.

■ Enter the Server Private IP Address of the server whose service you are exporting.

Since MultiNAT permits the mapping of multiple private IP addresses to multiple public IP addresses, your ISP or corporate site’s router must be conﬁgured such that it knows that your multiple public addresses are accessible via your router.

If you want to use static mappings to map internal servers to public addresses, your ISP or corporate site's router must also be conﬁgured for static routes to these public addresses on the Netopia Router.

■ Enter the Public IP Address to which you are exporting the service.

■ Select ADD NAT SERVER and press Return. The server will be added to your server list and you will be

returned to the Add NAT Server List screen.

Note: CUSeeMe (or other services that listen on speciﬁc ports) through MultiNat works as it did for non-MultiNat releases prior to version 4.4. In order to use CUSeeMe through the Netopia Router, you must export the ports 7648 and 7649. In MultiNat, you may use a port range export. Without the export, CUSeeMe will fail to work. This is true unless a static mapping is in place for the host using CUSeeMe. In that case no server list entry is necessary.

Netopia 4542, 4541 User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Contents 1

Overview

Features and capabilities

How to use this guide

Find a location

What you need

Identify the connectors and attach the cables

Netopia 4541/4542 ADSL Router status lights

Readying computers on your local network

Connecting to an Ethernet network

Connecting through a Telnet session

Connecting a console cable to your router

Navigating through the console screens

Easy Setup console screens

Accessing the Easy Setup console screens

Quick Easy Setup connection path

IP Easy Setup

Easy Setup Security Configuration

Scheduled connections

Viewing scheduled connections

Adding a scheduled connection

Set Weekly Schedule

Set Once-Only Schedule

Modifying a scheduled connection

Deleting a scheduled connection

IP setup

IP address serving

Date and time

Console Configuration

SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)

Security

Upgrade feature set

Logging

Installing the Syslog client

IP Setup

IP subnets

Static routes

IP Address Serving

IP Address Pools

DHCP NetBIOS Options

More Address Serving Options

Overview

Features

IP setup

Modifying map lists

Adding Server Lists