Netgear RT338 Reference Guide
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Reference Guide for the
Model RT338 ISDN Router
NETGEAR , Inc.
4500 Great American Parkway
Santa Clara, CA 95054
USA
M-RT338NA-1
October 2000
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© 2000 by NETGEAR, Inc. All rights reserved.
Trademarks
NETGEAR™ is a trademark of Netgear, Inc. Windows® is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation. Other
brand and product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders. Information is subject to
change without notice. All rights reserved.
Statement of Conditions
In the interest of improving internal design, operational function, and/or reliability, NETGEAR reserves the right to
make changes to the products described in this document without notice.
NETGEAR does not assume any liability that may occur due to the use or application of the product(s) or circuit
layout(s) described herein.
Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Compliance Notice: Radio Frequency Notice
This device complies with part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:
• This device may not cause harmful interference.
• This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.
Note: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to
part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a
residential installation. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and
used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no
guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to
radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try
to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:
• Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
• Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.
• Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected.
• Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.
EN 55 022 Declaration of Conformance
This is to certify that the Model RT338 ISDN Router is shielded against the generation of radio interference in
accordance with the application of Council Directive 89/336/EEC, Article 4a. Conformity is declared by the application
of EN 55 022 Class B (CISPR 22).
Bestätigung des Herstellers/Importeurs
Es wird hiermit bestätigt, daß das Model RT338 ISDN Router gemäß der im BMPT-AmtsblVfg 243/1991 und Vfg 46/
1992 aufgeführten Bestimmungen entstört ist. Das vorschriftsmäßige Betreiben einiger Geräte (z.B. Testsender) kann
jedoch gewissen Beschränkungen unterliegen. Lesen Sie dazu bitte die Anmerkungen in der Betriebsanleitung.
Das Bundesamt für Zulassungen in der Telekommunikation wurde davon unterrichtet, daß dieses Gerät auf den Markt
gebracht wurde und es ist berechtigt, die Serie auf die Erfüllung der Vorschriften hin zu überprüfen.
Certificate of the Manufacturer/Importer
It is hereby certified that the Model RT338 ISDN Router has been suppressed in accordance with the conditions set out
in the BMPT-AmtsblVfg 243/1991 and Vfg 46/1992. The operation of some equipment (for example, test transmitters)
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in accordance with the regulations may, however, be subject to certain restrictions. Please refer to the notes in the
operating instructions.
Federal Office for Telecommunications Approvals has been notified of the placing of this equipment on the market
and has been granted the right to test the series for compliance with the regulations.
VCCI-2 Statement
This equipment is in the 2nd Class category (information equipment to be used in a residential area or an adjacent area
thereto) and conforms to the standards set by the Voluntary Control Council for Interference by Data Processing
Equipment and Electronic Office Machines aimed at preventing radio interference in such residential areas.
When used near a radio or TV receiver, it may become the cause of radio interference.
Read instructions for correct handling.
Customer Support
For assistance with installing and configuring your NETGEAR system or with post-installation questions or problems,
contact your point of purchase representative.
To contact customer support or to purchase additional copies of this document and publications for other NETGEAR
products, you can contact NETGEAR at the following numbers:
• Phone:
Australia: 1800-787-638 Korea: 00308-11-0319
Austria: 00800-06384327 Netherlands: 0800-023-0981
(00800-0-NETGEAR) New Zealand: 00800-1233-4566
Denmark: 808-82179 Norway: 800-12041
Canada: 1-888-NETGEAR Singapore: 001-800-1233-4566
Finland: 0800-111-036 Sweden: 0200-298-298
France: 0800-77-17-53 Switzerland: 00800-0638-4327
Germany: 00800-06384327 (00800-0-NETGEAR)
(00800-0-NETGEAR) United Kingdom: 020-7216-0014
Hong Kong: 001-800-1233-4566 United States: 1-888-NETGEAR
Japan: 0120-66-5402 All Other Countries: +1 801-236-8499
World Wide Web
NETGEAR maintains a World Wide Web home page that you can access at the universal resource locator (URL)
http://www.NETGEAR.com. A direct connection to the Internet and a Web browser such as Internet Explorer
or Netscape are required.
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Preface
Purpose ...........................................................................................................................xix
Audience ..........................................................................................................................xix
Conventions .....................................................................................................................xx
Special Message Formats ......................................................................................... xx
Use of Enter, Type, Press, and Click ........................................................................ xx
Other Conventions ....................................................................................................xxi
Related Publications ........................................................................................................xxi
Contents
Chapter 1
Introduction
About the Router ............................................................................................................1-1
Features .........................................................................................................................1-1
Key Features ............................................................................................................1-2
ISDN Support ...........................................................................................................1-3
Multilink PPP Support ..............................................................................................1-4
TCP/IP Support ........................................................................................................1-4
IP Address Masquerading by Dynamic NAT+ ....................................................1-4
Port Forwarding with NAT ..................................................................................1-4
Automatic Configuration of Attached PCs by DHCP .........................................1-4
DNS Proxy .........................................................................................................1-5
Security ....................................................................................................................1-5
Calling Line Identification ...................................................................................1-5
PAP and CHAP Authentication ..........................................................................1-5
Callback .............................................................................................................1-5
Management Support ..............................................................................................1-6
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Basic Router Concepts ...................................................................................................1-6
What is a Router? ....................................................................................................1-6
Routing Information Protocol ....................................................................................1-7
IP Addresses and the Internet .................................................................................1-7
Netmask ................................................................................................................... 1-9
Subnet Addressing .................................................................................................1-10
Private IP Addresses ..............................................................................................1-12
Single IP Address Operation Using NAT ................................................................1-12
MAC Addresses and Address Resolution Protocol ................................................1-14
Domain Name System Server ...............................................................................1-14
IP Configuration by DHCP .....................................................................................1-15
Chapter 2
Installing and Connecting the Router
Package Contents ..........................................................................................................2-1
Local Network Requirements .........................................................................................2-2
Hardware Requirements ..........................................................................................2-2
Software Requirements ............................................................................................2-2
Router Description ..........................................................................................................2-3
Connecting the Serial Cable (Optional) ....................................................................2-6
Connecting to the ISDN Port ....................................................................................2-6
Connecting the Ethernet Cable ................................................................................2-6
Connecting the Model RT338 Router to a Single PC ........................................2-6
Connecting the Model RT338 Router to a Hub or Switch ..................................2-7
Connecting a Telephone, Fax Machine, or Modem ..................................................2-7
Connecting the Power Adapter ................................................................................2-7
Verifying Power ........................................................................................................2-8
Chapter 3
Preparing Y our Network
ISDN Services Checklist .................................................................................................3-1
ISP Checklist ..................................................................................................................3-2
Single-User Account ................................................................................................3-2
LAN Account ............................................................................................................3-3
Account Information .................................................................................................3-3
Installing TCP/IP .............................................................................................................3-4
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Configuring TCP/IP .........................................................................................................3-4
Selecting IP Addresses for Your Network .......................................................................3-5
Connecting for Configuration ..........................................................................................3-6
Connecting Through a Serial Port ............................................................................3-6
Connecting with Microsoft Windows HyperTerminal ..........................................3-7
Reconnecting with Microsoft Windows HyperTerminal ....................................3-11
Connecting Through a T elnet Connection ..............................................................3-12
Chapter 4
Initial Router Configuration
Configuration Methods ...................................................................................................4-1
Using the FirstGear Router Configuration Utility ............................................................4-2
Installing FirstGear ...................................................................................................4-2
Choosing Between the Setup Wizard and Advanced Setup ....................................4-3
Starting FirstGear .....................................................................................................4-3
Reading the Current Configuration ..........................................................................4-4
Using the Manager Interface Configuration Method .......................................................4-4
Turning On Power to the Router ...............................................................................4-4
Navigating the Manager ...........................................................................................4-5
Manager Menu Summary ........................................................................................4-6
General Setup Menu ................................................................................................4-7
ISDN Setup Menu ....................................................................................................4-8
ISDN Advanced Setup Menu .................................................................................4-10
Ethernet Setup .......................................................................................................4-12
General Setup Menu .......................................................................................4-12
TCP/IP and DHCP Setup ................................................................................4-12
Setting the Manager Password ..............................................................................4-16
Chapter 5
Using FirstGear to Configure Internet Access
Configuring Internet Access with the Wizard ..................................................................5-1
Entering the ISDN Line Information .........................................................................5-2
Initializing ISDN and Performing the Loopback Test ................................................5-3
Setting ISP Parameters ............................................................................................5-4
Performing the ISP Connection Test ........................................................................5-6
Completing the Configuration ...................................................................................5-7
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Using Advanced Setup ...................................................................................................5-8
Advanced Setup .......................................................................................................5-8
Menu Bar Commands ............................................................................................5-11
General Tab .....................................................................................................5-12
ISDN Tab .........................................................................................................5-13
ISDN Advanced Features Tab .........................................................................5-15
Ethernet T ab ....................................................................................................5-17
Remote Node Tab ............................................................................................5-19
Selecting PPP Detail on the Remote Node Tab ........................................5-23
Selecting TCP/IP Detail on the Remote Node Tab ....................................5-25
Static Routes Tab .............................................................................................5-27
Chapter 6
Using the Manager Interface to Configure Internet Access
Information Checklist ......................................................................................................6-1
Configuring Internet Access ...........................................................................................6-2
Configuring for Local Servers with NAT ..........................................................................6-4
Local Web and FTP Server Example ................................................................6-5
Local Game Host or Videoconference Example ................................................6-6
Backup ISP Accounts .....................................................................................................6-7
Configuring for a Backup ISP ...................................................................................6-7
Switching to a Backup ISP .......................................................................................6-9
Chapter 7
Remote Node Configuration
LAN-to-LAN Application ..................................................................................................7-2
Remote Node Setup .......................................................................................................7-2
Editing PPP Options .......................................................................................................7-7
Bandwidth on Demand ...................................................................................................7-9
Editing IP Options .........................................................................................................7-10
Editing Filter Sets .........................................................................................................7-12
Setting Static Routes ....................................................................................................7-14
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Chapter 8
Configuring Dial-In Access
Setting Up Default Dial-In Access ..................................................................................8-2
Setting Up Dial-In Users .................................................................................................8-5
RADIUS Authentication ..................................................................................................8-8
RADIUS Server Configuration ..................................................................................8-8
RADIUS Client Configuration ...................................................................................8-9
The Key Field .........................................................................................................8-10
Adding Users to the RADIUS Database .................................................................8-10
Using RADIUS Authentication for CLID .................................................................8-11
Chapter 9
Configuring Filters
Router Filter Structure ....................................................................................................9-2
Configuring a Filter Set ...................................................................................................9-2
Configuring a Filter Rule .................................................................................................9-5
TCP/IP Filter Rule ....................................................................................................9-5
Generic Filter Rule ...................................................................................................9-7
Applying a Filter Set .......................................................................................................9-8
Reducing Unnecessary Calls by Microsoft Windows ......................................................9-9
Diagnosing the Situation ..........................................................................................9-9
Implementing the Filter ...........................................................................................9-11
Applying the Filter ..................................................................................................9-14
Chapter 10
Advanced Phone Features
Setting Up Supplemental Phone Service .....................................................................10-1
Call Waiting ............................................................................................................10-2
Three Wa y Calling ..................................................................................................10-3
Call Transfer ...........................................................................................................10-4
Call Forwarding ......................................................................................................10-4
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Chapter 11
System Maintenance
System Status ..............................................................................................................11-1
System Information ................................................................................................11-4
Terminal Baud Rate ......................................................................................................11-5
Log and Trace ...............................................................................................................11-6
View Error Log .......................................................................................................11-6
UNIX Syslog and Accounting .................................................................................11-7
Diagnostic Menu ...........................................................................................................11-9
Call Testing and TCP/IP T ools ..............................................................................11-10
System Tools ........................................................................................................11-12
Back Up and Restore Configuration ...........................................................................11-12
Backing Up and Restoring the Configuration with a Serial Connection ...............11-12
Backing Up and Restoring the Configuration Using TFTP ...................................11-13
Software Update .........................................................................................................11-14
Updating Router Software Using a Serial Connection .........................................11-14
Updating Router Software Using TFTP ................................................................11-15
Using Command Interpreter Mode .............................................................................11-15
Configuring Call Control .............................................................................................11-16
Configuring the Blacklist .......................................................................................11-16
Configuring Budget Management ........................................................................11-16
Viewing Call History .............................................................................................11-17
Setting Call Control Parameters ...........................................................................11-17
Configuring the Manager Password ...........................................................................11-18
Chapter 12
Troubleshooting
Basic Functioning .........................................................................................................12-1
PWR LED ...............................................................................................................12-1
Test LED .................................................................................................................12-2
LAN Link LED .........................................................................................................12-2
Troubleshooting the ISDN Line .....................................................................................12-2
ISDN Initialization or Reset ....................................................................................12-3
ISDN Loopback Test ...............................................................................................12-3
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Troubleshooting a TCP/IP Network Using a Ping Utility ...............................................12-4
Testing the LAN Path to Your Router ......................................................................12-4
Testing the Path from Your PC to a Remote Device ...............................................12-5
Troubleshooting a Remote Node or ISP Connection .............................................12-5
Troubleshooting a Remote User Connection ................................................................12-8
Troubleshooting Multilink Operation ..............................................................................12-8
Troubleshooting Internet Applications .........................................................................12-10
Troubleshooting the Manager Interface ......................................................................12-11
Testing the Phone Ports .............................................................................................12-11
Restoring the Default Configuration and Password ....................................................12-12
Appendix A
Technical Specifications
General Specification .................................................................................................... A-1
Appendix B
Configuring Windows TCP/IP
Configuring Windows 95 or Windows 98 for IP Networking ........................................... B-1
Configuring TCP/IP Properties by DHCP ................................................................ B-2
Configuring TCP/IP Properties Manually ................................................................ B-3
V erifying TCP/IP Properties .................................................................................... B-4
Appendix C
Ordering ISDN Lines
Ordering the Line ...........................................................................................................C-1
Provisioning for Switches in North America ...................................................................C-2
Provisioning for AT&T 5ESS Switch ........................................................................ C-3
Provisioning for Northern Telecom Switch ..............................................................C-5
Supplemental V oice Services ..................................................................................C-6
Appendix D
ISDN Clearing Codes
Clearing Codes ..............................................................................................................D-1
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Appendix E
Using the Protocol Analyzer and Trace Tools
The Diagnostic Process ................................................................................................. E-1
ISDN Protocol Analyzer ................................................................................................. E-2
Pack et Tracing ................................................................................................................ E-5
Packet Trace Display Format ................................................................................... E-8
Glossary
Index
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Figure 1-1. Three Main Address Classes ...................................................................1-8
Figure 1-2. Example of Subnetting a Class B Address ............................................1-10
Figure 1-3. Single IP Address Operation Using NAT ................................................1-13
Figure 2-1. Front Panel of Model RT338 Router ........................................................2-3
Figure 2-2. Rear Panel of Model RT338 Router .........................................................2-5
Figures
Figure 3-1. HyperTerminal Window and Connection Description Dialog Box .............3-7
Figure 3-2. HyperTerminal Connect To Dialog Box ....................................................3-8
Figure 3-3. COM Port Properties Dialog Box .............................................................3-9
Figure 3-4. Router Password Prompt in HyperTerminal Window .............................3-10
Figure 3-5. Router Main Menu in HyperTerminal Window ........................................3-11
Figure 4-1. Start-up Display .......................................................................................4-4
Figure 4-2. Manager Main Menu ................................................................................4-6
Figure 4-3. Menu 1 - General Setup ...........................................................................4-7
Figure 4-4. Menu 2 - ISDN Setup ...............................................................................4-8
Figure 4-5. Menu 2.1 - ISDN Advanced Setup .........................................................4-10
Figure 4-6. Menu 3 - Ethernet Setup ........................................................................4-12
Figure 4-7. Menu 3.2 - TCP/IP and DHCP Ethernet Setup ......................................4-13
Figure 4-8. Menu 23 - System Security ....................................................................4-16
Figure 4-9. Menu 23 - System Password .................................................................4-16
Figure 5-1. Internet Access Wizard ISDN Line Setup Window ...................................5-2
Figure 5-2. Internet Access Wizard ISP Parameters Window ....................................5-4
Figure 5-3. Internet Access Wizard ISP Test Complete Window ................................5-7
Figure 5-4. Advanced Setup Window .........................................................................5-9
Figure 5-5. General Tab ............................................................................................5-12
Figure 5-6. ISDN Tab ................................................................................................5-13
Figure 5-7. Advanced ISDN Features Tab ................................................................5-15
Figures xiii
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Figure 5-8. Ethernet Tab ...........................................................................................5-17
Figure 5-9. Remote Node Tab ..................................................................................5-19
Figure 5-10. Add/Modify Remote Node Tab ...............................................................5-20
Figure 5-11. PPP Detail Tab .......................................................................................5-23
Figure 5-12. TCP/IP Detail Tab ...................................................................................5-25
Figure 5-13. Static Routes Tab ...................................................................................5-27
Figure 5-14. Add/Modify Static Route Tab ..................................................................5-28
Figure 6-1. Menu 4 - Internet Access Setup ..............................................................6-2
Figure 6-2. Menu 15 - Multiple Server Configuration .................................................6-5
Figure 6-3. Menu 11 - Remote Node Setup ...............................................................6-7
Figure 6-4. Menu 11.1 - Remote Node Profile ...........................................................6-8
Figure 6-5. Menu 11.3 - Remote Node Network Layer Options .................................6-9
Figure 7-1. LAN-to-LAN Application ...........................................................................7-2
Figure 7-2. Menu 11.1 - Remote Node Profile ...........................................................7-3
Figure 7-3. Menu 11.2 - Remote Node PPP Options .................................................7-7
Figure 7-4. Menu 11.3 - Remote Node Network Layer Options ...............................7-10
Figure 7-5. Menu 21 - Filter Set Configuration .........................................................7-12
Figure 7-6. Menu 11.5 - Remote Node Filters ..........................................................7-13
Figure 7-7. Menu 24 - System Maintenance ............................................................7-14
Figure 7-8. IP Static Routing Table Example ............................................................7-15
Figure 7-9. Menu 12 - IP Static Route Setup ...........................................................7-16
Figure 7-10. Menu 12.1 - Edit IP Static Route ............................................................7-16
Figure 8-1. Menu 13 - Default Dial-in Setup ...............................................................8-2
Figure 8-2. Menu 14 - Dial-in User Setup ...................................................................8-5
Figure 8-3. Menu 14.1 - Edit Dial-in User ...................................................................8-6
Figure 8-4. Menu 23.2 - System Security - External Server .......................................8-9
Figure 9-1. Outgoing Packet Filtering Process ...........................................................9-1
Figure 9-2. Menu 21 - Filter Set Configuration ...........................................................9-2
Figure 9-3. Menu 21.3 - Filter Rules Summary ..........................................................9-3
Figure 9-4. LAN Packet Which Triggered Last Call .....................................................9-9
Figure 9-5. Menu 21 - Filter Set Configuration .........................................................9-11
Figure 9-6. Menu 21.1.1 - TCP/IP Filter Rule Menu .................................................9-12
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Figure 9-7. Filter Rules Summary Menu ..................................................................9-13
Figure 9-8. Menu 11.5 - Remote Node Filters Menu ................................................9-14
Figure 11-1. Menu 24.1 - System Maintenance - Status ............................................11-2
Figure 11-2. Packet Examples ...................................................................................11-4
Figure 11-3. Menu 24.2.1 - System Maintenance - Information .................................11-4
Figure 11-4. Menu 24.2.2 - System Maintenance - Change Console Port Speed .....11-5
Figure 11-5. Menu 24.3.2 - System Maintenance - UNIX Syslog and Accounting .....11-7
Figure 11-6. Menu 24.4 - System Maintenance - Diagnostic .....................................11-9
Figure 11-7. Trace Display for a Successful TCP/IP Protocol Connection ...............11-11
Figure 11-8. Trace Display for a Failed TCP/IP Protocol Connection .......................11-11
Figure 12-1. Trace Display for a Successful TCP/IP Protocol Connection .................12-6
Figure 12-2. Trace Display for a Successful Multilink Connection ..............................12-9
Figure E-1. ISDN Protocol Analyzer Display ............................................................. E-4
Figure E-2. Trace Screen ........................................................................................... E-7
Figure E-3. Packet Trace Display Definitions .............................................................E-8
Figure E-4. PPP Message Definitions ....................................................................... E-8
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xvi Figures
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Table 1-1. Address Classes .....................................................................................1-8
Table 1-2. Netmask Notation Translation Table for One Octet ................................1-11
Table 1-3. Netmask Formats ...................................................................................1-11
Tables
Table 2-1. LED Descriptions .....................................................................................2-4
Table 3-1. Hyperterminal COM Port Properties ........................................................3-9
Table 4-1. Manager Menu Commands ....................................................................4-5
Table 4-2. Manager Menu Summary .......................................................................4-6
Table 4-3. ISDN Setup Menu Parameters for North America ..................................4-9
Table 4-4. ISDN Advanced Setup Menu Fields ......................................................4-11
Table 4-5. Menu 3 - Ethernet Setup Menu Fields ..................................................4-14
Table 5-1. Advanced Router Configuration Tabs ....................................................5-10
Table 5-2. Menu Bar Commands ...........................................................................5-11
Table 5-3. General Tab Fields .................................................................................5-12
Table 5-4. ISDN Tab Fields ....................................................................................5-14
Table 5-5. Advanced ISDN Features Tab ...............................................................5-16
Table 5-6. Ethernet Tab Fields ...............................................................................5-17
Table 5-7. Remote Node Tab Fields .......................................................................5-21
Table 5-8. PPP Detail Tab ......................................................................................5-24
Table 5-9. TCP/IP Detail Tab ...................................................................................5-25
Table 5-10. Add/Modify Static Route Tab Fields ......................................................5-29
Table 6-1. Menu 15 Field Entries (Example) ............................................................6-5
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Table 7-1. Remote Node Profile Fields ....................................................................7-4
Table 7-2. Remote Node PPP Options Fields .........................................................7-8
Table 7-3. Relationship Between BTR and MTR ......................................................7-9
Table 7-4. Remote Node Network Layer Options Fields ........................................7-11
Table 7-5. Remote Node Filters Fields ...................................................................7-13
Table 7-6. Edit IP Static Route Fields ....................................................................7-17
Table 8-1. Default Dial-in Setup Fields ....................................................................8-3
Table 8-2. Edit Dial-in User Fields ...........................................................................8-7
Table 8-3. System Security - External Server Fields .............................................8-10
Table 9-1. Filter Rules Summary Abbreviations .......................................................9-4
Table 9-2. Filter Type IP Abbreviations ....................................................................9-4
Table 9-3. Filter Type GEN Abbreviations ................................................................9-4
Table 9-4. TCP/IP Filter Rule Fields ........................................................................9-5
Table 9-5. Generic Filter Rule Fields .......................................................................9-7
Table 10-1. Default Key Sequences ..........................................................................10-2
Table 11-1. System Maintenance Status Menu Commands ....................................11-2
Table 11-2. System Maintenance - Status Fields ....................................................11-3
Table 11-3. System Maintenance - Information Fields ..............................................11-5
Table 11-4. System Maintenance - Log and Trace Fields .........................................11-6
Table 11-5. System Maintenance - Syslog and Accounting Fields ...........................11-7
Table 11-6. System Maintenance - Diagnostic Fields ............................................11-10
Table 12-1. Code Numbers for Failed ISDN Initialization ..........................................12-3
Table C-1. Switch Types Supported ........................................................................C-2
Table C-2. National ISDN-1 Services with AT&T 5ESS Switch ...............................C-3
Table C-3. Multipoint Service with AT&T 5ESS Switch ........................................... C-3
Table C-4. Point-to-Point Service with AT&T 5ESS Switch .....................................C-4
Table C-5. National ISDN-1 Service with Northern Telecom Switch ....................... C-5
Table C-6. Custom ISDN Service with Northern Telecom Switch ............................ C-5
Table C-7. Available Phone Company Features .......................................................C-6
Table D-1. ISDN Call Clearing Codes .....................................................................D-1
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Preface
Congratulations on your purchase of the NETGEAR
This ISDN router provides connection for one or more computer workstations to the Internet or to
the office over Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) lines. The router operates at a speed of
up to 512 kilobits per second (Kbps) or 128 Kbps without compression. At these speeds, you can
download video clips, music, or high-resolution color graphics from the World Wide Web or other
online services many times faster than you can with an analog modem. The router supports
concurrent data and voice communications, reducing cost and administration of multiple phone
lines.
™
Model RT338 ISDN Router.
Purpose
This guide describes the features of the Model RT338 ISDN Router and provides installation and
configuration instructions.
Audience
To configure and install the Model RT338 router, you should have the following background and
experience:
• Working knowledge of basic network concepts and terminology
• Working knowledge of tools and procedures for installing and operating sensitive electronic
equipment
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Reference Guide for the Model RT338 ISDN Router
Conventions
This section describes the conventions used in this guide.
Special Message Formats
This guide uses the following formats to highlight special messages:
This format is used to highlight information of importance or special interest.
Note:
Caution:
equipment failure or loss of data.
Warning:
equipment damage.
Danger:
mishandling equipment.
This format is used to highlight information that will help you prevent
This format is used to highlight information about the possibility of injury or
This format is used to alert you that you may incur an electrical shock by
Use of Enter, Type, Press, and Click
This guide uses “enter,” “type,” and “press” to describe the following actions:
• When you read “enter,” type the text and press the Enter key.
• When you read “type,” type the text, but do not press the Enter key.
• When you read “press,” press only the alphanumeric or named key.
• When you read “click,” click the left mouse button.
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Other Conventions
This guide uses the following typographical conventions:
italics Book titles and UNIX file, command, and directory names.
Reference Guide for the Model RT338 ISDN Router
courier font
Screen text, user-typed command-line entries.
Initial Caps Menu titles and window and button names.
[Enter] Named keys in text are shown enclosed in square brackets. The notation
[Enter] is used for the Enter key and the Return key.
[Ctrl]+C Two or more keys that must be pressed simultaneously are shown in text
linked with a plus (+) sign.
ALL CAPS DOS file and directory names.
Related Publications
Detailed applications information and a list of Frequently Asked Questions can be found on the
Model RT338 Resource CD included with the router.
In several places in this document, the user is directed to various RFC documents for further
information. In this context, an RFC is a Request For Comment (RFC) published by the Internet
Engineering Task Force (IETF), an open organization that defines the architecture and operation of
the Internet. The RFC documents outline and define the standard protocols and procedures for the
Internet. The documents are listed on the Web at www.ietf.org and are mirrored and indexed at
many other sites worldwide.
For more information about address assignment, refer to RFC 1597, Address Allocation for Private
Internets, and RFC 1466, Guidelines for Management of IP Address Space.
For more information about IP address translation, refer to RFC 1631, The IP Network Address
Translator (NAT).
Preface xxi
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Chapter 1
Introduction
This chapter describes the features of the NETGEAR Model RT338 ISDN Router
planning considerations for installation.
and discusses
About the Router
The Model RT338 router transports data from one local area network (LAN) to another through a
wide area network (WAN) connection.
The router compares the network addresses of data packets sent through the LAN to the entries in
its address tables. If a match is found for a destination network, the router passes the packet to the
path indicated by the entry in the routing table.
The entry in the path list contains the ISDN phone number(s) of the target router. The router sends
the number to the ISDN port for the call to be connected. The WAN path is established, and the
data is sent to the remote unit. At the receiving end, the process operates in the reverse order, from
the ISDN port to the LAN port.
Features
The Model RT338 router is a flexible, high-performance, easy-to-use router. This router provides a
cost-effective solution for intelligent networking access across an ISDN line. With minimum
setup, you can install and use the router within minutes to meet a wide variety of networking
requirements.
Introduction 1-1
Reference Guide for the Model RT338 ISDN Router
Key Features
The Model RT338 router provides the following features:
• Standard basic rate ISDN (BRI) connection
– ISDN, 2B+D, providing two 64 Kbps data channels and a 16 Kbps control channel
– Two-wire U interface with internal NT-1 adapter
• Protocol Support
– IP routing
– Multilink Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) for 128 Kbps operation
– Dynamic bandwidth-on-demand with Bandwidth Allocation Control Protocol (BACP)
– Dynamic extended Network Address Translation (dNAT+) with port forwarding for
operation with a single static or dynamic IP address
– Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server for dynamically assigning
network configuration information to PCs on the LAN
– DHCP client and DHCP relay for dynamically obtaining configuration information
from the Internet service provider (ISP) or remote server
– DNS proxy for simplified configuration
• Industry-standard compression
– Hi/fn (Stac LZS) compression with CCP
• Easy installation and management
™
– FirstGear
graphical user interface (GUI) management software for Windows
– Built-in menu-based Manager interface for Macintosh, UNIX, and PC users,
accessible by terminal or Telnet Protocol
– Configuration through the LAN—no serial connection required
• Security
– Access control on management functions
– Dial-in access control by Calling Line Identification (CLID) and Callback
®
users
– PAP and CHAP authentication support
1-2 Introduction
• 10M or 100M Ethernet connectivity
– RJ-45 interface allowing connection to a 10BASE-T or 100BASE-T network
– Autosensing
• Analog voice ports
– Provides two RJ-11 interfaces
– Provides CallerID signaling to external attached devices
– Allows a standard analog Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) device
(for example, telephone, fax, or modem) to make and receive calls from other ISDN
or PSTN connected devices
– Eliminates the need for a separate PSTN line in a SOHO (small office/home office)
environment
Reference Guide for the Model RT338 ISDN Router
• Front panel LEDs for easy monitoring of status and activity
• Flash EPROM for firmware upgrade
– Upgrade by serial connection or by TFTP over the LAN or WAN
• Five-year warranty
• Free technical support seven days a week, twenty-four hours a day
ISDN Support
The Model RT338 router is designed to take advantage of Integrated Services Digital Network
(ISDN) for transmission of data over digital telephone networks. A basic rate interface (BRI),
which is the usual ISDN implementation, consists of two 64 kilobit per second (Kbps) B channels
for data and one 16 Kbps D channel for control information.
One advantage of using ISDN to connect routers is that the connection is set up only if there is data
to be sent to the remote network. The router sets up a call, transfers the data, and then hangs up
automatically when the connection is no longer needed. In addition, the ISDN call setup takes only
a few seconds, so that a disconnect and later reconnect may not be noticeable by the user.
A nailed-up mode is also supported, allowing the router to dial and hold up a connection,
emulating a leased line.
Introduction 1-3
Reference Guide for the Model RT338 ISDN Router
Multilink PPP Support
When the single-channel ISDN line utilization exceeds a configurable threshold, the router can
automatically establish an additional ISDN call to provide additional bandwidth. During heavy
traffic, the two 64 Kbps B channels are combined using Multilink PPP to provide a fast 128 Kbps
pipe. When traffic slows down, one of the B channels is idled to save toll charges. The router also
reverts back to one B channel for data when an analog port is used.
TCP/IP Support
The Model RT338 router supports the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
and Routing Information Protocol (RIP), which ensures that ISDN connections are established
only when passing data.
For further information about TCP/IP, refer to “Basic Router Concepts” on page 1-6.
IP Address Masquerading by Dynamic NAT+
The Model RT338 router lets several networked PCs share an Internet account using only a single
IP address, which may be statically or dynamically assigned by your Internet service provider
(ISP). This technique, an extension of Network Address Translation (NAT), is also known as
IP address masquerading. It lets you use an inexpensive single-user ISP account.
Port Forwarding with NAT
Although NAT prevents Internet locations from directly accessing the PCs on the LAN, the router
lets incoming traffic be forwarded to specific PCs based on the service port number of the
incoming request.
Automatic Configuration of Attached PCs by DHCP
The Model RT338 router dynamically assigns network configuration information, including
IP, gateway, and domain name server (DNS) addresses, to attached PCs on the LAN using the
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP). This feature greatly simplifies configuration of
LAN-attached PCs.
1-4 Introduction
DNS Proxy
When DHCP is enabled and no DNS addresses are specified, the router provides its own address
as a DNS server to the attached PCs. The router obtains actual DNS addresses from the ISP during
connection setup and forwards DNS requests from the LAN.
Reference Guide for the Model RT338 ISDN Router
Security
The Model RT338 router is equipped with several features designed to maintain security, as
described in this section.
Calling Line Identification
The use of Calling Line Identification (CLID or Caller ID) ensures that incoming ISDN calling
numbers are checked against known numbers before a call is answered and access is granted,
thus providing a first level of security. In many areas, you must specifically request that CLID
be enabled by the telephone company for your ISDN line. In some regions, CLID may not be
available. In the Model RT338 router, the CLID information is transmitted on the analog phone
ports.
PAP and CHAP Authentication
For connecting to other routers, the Model RT338 router supports two authentication protocols:
Password Authentication Protocol (PAP) and Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol
(CHAP). PAP sends the user name and password in plain text. CHAP scrambles the password
before it is sent over the wire.
Callback
For security and simplified cost accounting, the router implements Callback. When a remote user
dials in, the router can disconnect the call and call the user back, so that any further call charges
are incurred by the location of the router. The caller can provide the callback numbers; or, for
security, the router can be programmed to call back a predetermined number.
Introduction 1-5
Reference Guide for the Model RT338 ISDN Router
Management Support
The router is designed to be installed and made operational within minutes after connection to the
network.
If you use a PC computer, you can use the FirstGear software to easily configure the unit from the
Windows environment. For more information about the FirstGear software, see Chapter 5, “Using
FirstGear to Configure Internet Access.”
If you use a Macintosh, UNIX, or PC computer, you can connect to the built-in Manager interface,
which can be accessed through a terminal connected to the MANAGER port or through a Telnet
session across the network. The internal Manager interface manages and configures the
unit through an easily understood screen process. For more information about using the Manager
interface, see Chapter 6, “Using the Manager Interface to Configure Internet Access.”
Basic Router Concepts
In general, the cost of providing network bandwidth is proportional to the data speed and the
distance over which the network extends. Large amounts of bandwidth are provided easily and
relatively inexpensively in a local area network, such as an office, department, or home. However,
providing high data speeds between two local networks that are physically distant may be costly.
To avoid this expense, high-speed local area networks (LANs) are usually interconnected by
slower-speed links to form a wide area network (WAN).
In order to make the best use of the slower WAN links, a mechanism must be in place for selecting
and transmitting only the data meant for another location. The router performs the function of
selecting and forwarding this data.
What is a Router?
A router is a device that forwards traffic between networks. A router uses network layer
information in the data and on routing tables it maintains. In these routing tables, a router builds up
a logical picture of the overall network by gathering and exchanging information with other
routers in the network. Using this information, the router chooses the best path for forwarding
network traffic.
Routers vary in performance and scale, number of routing protocols supported, and types of
physical WAN connections supported. The Model RT338 router is a small office router that routes
the IP protocol over a dial-up ISDN connection.
1-6 Introduction
Reference Guide for the Model RT338 ISDN Router
Routing Information Protocol
One of the protocols used by a router to build and maintain a picture of the network is the Routing
Information Protocol (RIP). Using RIP, routers update one another periodically and check if there
are changes to be added to the routing table. The Model RT338 router supports both the older
RIP-1 and the newer RIP-2 protocols. Among other improvements, RIP-2 supports subnet and
multicast protocols. RIP is not required for most home applications.
IP Addresses and the Internet
Because TCP/IP networks are interconnected widely across the world, every computer on the
Internet must have a unique address to make sure that transmitted data reaches the correct
destination. Blocks of addresses are assigned to organizations by the Internet Assigned Numbers
Authority (IANA). Individual users and small organizations may obtain their addresses from
IANA or from an Internet service provider (ISP).
The Internet Protocol (IP) uses a 32-bit address structure. The address is usually written in dot
notation, which is also called dotted-decimal notation. Each group of eight bits is written in
decimal form, separated by decimal points. For example, the binary address:
11000011 00100010 00001100 00000111
is normally written as:
195.34.12.7
which is easier to remember and easier to enter into your computer.
The 32 bits of the address are subdivided into two parts. The first part of the address identifies the
network. The second part of the address identifies the host node or station on the network.
The dividing point may vary depending on the address range and the application.
Introduction 1-7
Reference Guide for the Model RT338 ISDN Router
There are five standard classes of IP addresses. The address classes determine the network and host
sections of the address differently. Address classes allow for different numbers of hosts on a
network. Each address type begins with a unique bit pattern, which is used by the TCP/IP software
to identify the address class. After the address class has been determined, the software can
correctly identify the host section of the address. The three main address classes are illustrated in
Figure 1-1, which shows the network and node sections of the address for each address type.
Class A
Network Node
Class B
Network Node
Class C
Network Node
7261
Figure 1-1. Three Main Address Classes
IP address classes are described in Table 1-1.
Table 1-1. Address Classes
Address
Class
A 1.x.x.x to 126.x.x.x Class A addresses can have up to 16,777,214 hosts on a single network.
B 128.1.x.x to
C 192.0.1.x to
D 224.0.0.0 to
E Class E addresses are for experimental use.
Range Description
They use an 8-bit network number and a 24-bit node number.
Class B addresses can have up to 65,354 hosts on a network. They use a
191.254.x.x
223.255.254.x
239.255.255.255
16-bit network number and a 16-bit node number.
Class C addresses can have 254 hosts on a network. They use 24 bits for
the network address and 8 bits for the node.
Class D addresses are used for multicasts (messages sent to many hosts).
1-8 Introduction
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