NETGEAR RT328 User Manual

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Reference Guide for the Model RT328 and Model RH348 ISDN Routers

NETGEAR , Inc.

4500 Great America Parkway Santa Clara, CA 95054 USA

M-RH348NA-2 September 2000

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Trademarks

NETGEAR™ is a trademark of Netgear, Inc. Windows® is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation. Other brand and product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders. Information is subject to change without notice. All rights reserved.

Statement of Conditions

In the interest of improving internal design, operational function, and/or reliability, NETGEAR reserves the right to make changes to the products described in this document without notice.

NETGEAR does not assume any liability that may occur due to the use or application of the product(s) or circuit layout(s) described herein.

Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Compliance Notice: Radio Frequency Notice

This device complies with part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:

• This device may not cause harmful interference.

• This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.

Note : This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to

part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:

• Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.

• Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.

• Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected.

• Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.

EN 55 022 Decla0ration of Conformance

This is to certify that the Model RT328 ISDN Router and the Model RH348 ISDN Router are shielded against the generation of radio interference in accordance with the application of Council Directive 89/336/EEC, Article 4a. Conformity is declared by the application of EN 55 022 Class B (CISPR 22).

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Bestätigung des Herstellers/Importeurs

Es wird hiermit bestätigt, daß das Model RT328 ISDN Router und Model RH348 ISDN Router gemäß der im BMPT-AmtsblVfg 243/1991 und Vfg 46/1992 aufgeführten Bestimmungen entstört ist. Das vorschriftsmäßige Betreiben einiger Geräte (z.B. Testsender) kann jedoch gewissen Beschränkungen unterliegen. Lesen Sie dazu bitte die Anmerkungen in der Betriebsanleitung.

Das Bundesamt für Zulassungen in der Telekommunikation wurde davon unterrichtet, daß dieses Gerät auf den Markt gebracht wurde und es ist berechtigt, die Serie auf die Erfüllung der Vorschriften hin zu überprüfen.

Certiﬁcate of the Manufacturer/Importer

It is hereby certiﬁed that the Model RT328 ISDN Router and the Model RH348 ISDN Router have been suppressed in accordance with the conditions set out in the BMPT-AmtsblVfg 243/1991 and Vfg 46/1992. The operation of some equipment (for example, test transmitters) in accordance with the regulations may, however, be subject to certain restrictions. Please refer to the notes in the operating instructions.

Federal Ofﬁce for Telecommunications Approvals has been notiﬁed of the placing of this equipment on the market and has been granted the right to test the series for compliance with the regulations.

VCCI-2 Statement

This equipment is in the 2nd Class category (information equipment to be used in a residential area or an adjacent area thereto) and conforms to the standards set by the Voluntary Control Council for Interference by Data Processing Equipment and Electronic Ofﬁce Machines aimed at preventing radio interference in such residential areas.

When used near a radio or TV receiver, it may become the cause of radio interference. Read instructions for correct handling.

Customer Support

For assistance with installing and conﬁguring your NETGEAR system or with post-installation questions or problems, contact your point of purchase representative.

To contact customer support or to purchase additional copies of this document and publications for other NETGEAR products, you can contact NETGEAR at the following numbers:

• Phone: Australia: 1800-787-638 Korea: 00308-11-0319

Austria: 00800-06384327 Netherlands: 0800-023-0981

Denmark: 808-82179 Norway: 800-12041 Canada: 1-888-NETGEAR Singapore: 001-800-1233-4566 Finland: 0800-111-036 Sweden: 0200-298-298 France: 0800-77-17-53 Switzerland: 00800-0638-4327 Germany: 00800-06384327 (00800-0-NETGEAR)

Hong Kong: 001-800-1233-4566 United States: 1-888-NETGEAR Japan: 0120-66-5402 All Other Countries: +1 801-236-8499

(00800-0-NETGEAR) New Zealand: 00800-1233-4566

(00800-0-NETGEAR) United Kingdom: 020-7216-0014

World Wide W eb

NETGEAR maintains a World Wide Web Home Page that you can access at the universal resource locator (URL) http://www.NETGEAR.com. A direct connection to the Internet and a Web browser such as Internet Explorer or Netscape are required.

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Preface

Purpose ........................................................................................................................... xv

Audience ..........................................................................................................................xv

Conventions .....................................................................................................................xvi

Special Message Formats .........................................................................................xvi

Use of Enter, Type, and Press ...................................................................................xvi

Other Conventions ...................................................................................................xvii

Related Publications .......................................................................................................xvii

Contents

Chapter 1 Introduction

About the Router ............................................................................................................1-1

Features .........................................................................................................................1-1

Key Features ............................................................................................................1-2

ISDN Support ...........................................................................................................1-3

Multilink PPP Support ..............................................................................................1-3

TCP/IP Support ........................................................................................................1-4

IP Address Masquerading by Dynamic NAT+ ....................................................1-4

Automatic Conﬁguration of Attached PCs by DHCP .........................................1-4

Security ....................................................................................................................1-4

Calling Line Identiﬁcation ...................................................................................1-4

PAP and CHAP Authentication ..........................................................................1-5

Callback .............................................................................................................1-5

Management Support ..............................................................................................1-5

Basic Router Concepts ...................................................................................................1-6

What is a Router? ....................................................................................................1-6

Routing Information Protocol ....................................................................................1-6

IP Addresses and the Internet .................................................................................1-7

Netmask ................................................................................................................... 1-9

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Subnet Addressing .................................................................................................1-10

Private IP Addresses ..............................................................................................1-12

Single IP Address Operation Using NAT ................................................................1-13

Address Resolution Protocol ..................................................................................1-14

Domain Name Server ............................................................................................1-14

IP Conﬁguration by DHCP .....................................................................................1-15

Chapter 2 Router Installation and Connection

Package Contents ..........................................................................................................2-1

ISDN Services Checklist .................................................................................................2-2

Network Checklist ...........................................................................................................2-3

Connecting the Router ....................................................................................................2-4

Connecting the Serial Cable (Optional) ....................................................................2-7

Connecting to the ISDN Port ....................................................................................2-7

Connecting the Ethernet Cable ................................................................................2-7

Using Twisted Pair LAN Cabling ........................................................................2-8

Using Coaxial or Fiber LAN Cabling ..................................................................2-8

Connecting to the Hub Ports in the Model RH348 Router .......................................2-8

Connecting a Telephone, Fax, or Modem .................................................................2-8

Connecting the Power Adapter ................................................................................2-8

Connecting for Conﬁguration ..........................................................................................2-9

Connecting Through a Serial Port ............................................................................2-9

Connecting Through a T elnet Connection ................................................................2-9

Chapter 3 Router Conﬁguration

Conﬁguration Methods ...................................................................................................3-1

Powering on the Router ..................................................................................................3-2

Navigating the Manager .................................................................................................3-3

Manager Menu Summary ...............................................................................................3-5

General Setup Menu ......................................................................................................3-6

ISDN Menus ...................................................................................................................3-7

North American ISDN Menu ....................................................................................3-7

DSS1 ISDN Menu ....................................................................................................3-8

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Ethernet Setup .............................................................................................................3-11

General Setup Menu ..............................................................................................3-11

DHCP and TCP/IP Setup .......................................................................................3-12

Manager Password Setup ............................................................................................3-14

Chapter 4 Conﬁguration for Internet Access

Information Checklist ......................................................................................................4-1

Internet Access Conﬁguration ........................................................................................4-2

Conﬁguration for Single User Account ............................................................................4-4

Chapter 5 Remote Node Conﬁguration

Editing PPP Options .......................................................................................................5-4

Bandwidth on Demand ...................................................................................................5-6

Chapter 6 Dial-In Conﬁguration

Default Dial-In Setup ......................................................................................................6-1

Dial-In Users Setup ........................................................................................................6-4

Chapter 7 TCP/IP Conﬁguration

LAN-to-LAN Application ..................................................................................................7-1

Remote Node Setup .......................................................................................................7-2

Static Route Setup ..........................................................................................................7-4

Chapter 8 Filter Conﬁguration

Router Filter Structure ....................................................................................................8-2

Conﬁguring a Filter Set ...................................................................................................8-2

Conﬁguring a Filter Rule .................................................................................................8-4

TCP/IP Filter Rule ....................................................................................................8-4

Generic Filter Rule ...................................................................................................8-7

Applying a Filter Set .......................................................................................................8-8

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Reducing Unnecessary Calls by Windows 95 ................................................................8-9

Diagnosing the Situation ..........................................................................................8-9

Implementing the Filter ...........................................................................................8-11

Applying the Filter ..................................................................................................8-14

Chapter 9 System Maintenance

System Status ................................................................................................................9-1

Terminal Baud Rate ........................................................................................................9-3

Log and Trace .................................................................................................................9-4

View Error Log .........................................................................................................9-4

Syslog and Accounting .............................................................................................9-4

Diagnostic Menu .............................................................................................................9-6

ISDN Tools ...............................................................................................................9-6

TCP/IP Tools ............................................................................................................9-7

System Tools ............................................................................................................9-8

Back Up Conﬁguration ....................................................................................................9-8

Restore Conﬁguration .....................................................................................................9-8

Software Update .............................................................................................................9-9

Command Interpreter Mode ...........................................................................................9-9

Call Control ...................................................................................................................9-10

Blacklist ..................................................................................................................9-10

Budget Management ..............................................................................................9-10

Call History .............................................................................................................9-11

Call Control Parameters .........................................................................................9-11

Chapter 10 Troubleshooting

Basic Functioning .........................................................................................................10-1

LEDS ...................................................................................................................... 10-1

Test LED .................................................................................................................10-2

LAN Link LED .........................................................................................................10-2

Troubleshooting the ISDN Line .....................................................................................10-2

ISDN Initialization or Reset ....................................................................................10-3

ISDN Loopback Test ...............................................................................................10-3

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Troubleshooting a TCP/IP Network Using a Ping Utility ...............................................10-4

Testing the LAN Path to Your Router ......................................................................10-4

Testing the Path from Your PC to a Remote Device ...............................................10-5

Troubleshooting a Remote Node or ISP Connection ....................................................10-5

Troubleshooting a Remote User Connection ................................................................10-6

Troubleshooting the Manager Interface ........................................................................10-7

Testing the Phone Ports ...............................................................................................10-7

Restoring the Default Conﬁguration and Password ......................................................10-7

Appendix A Technical Speciﬁcations

General Speciﬁcation ....................................................................................................A-1

Appendix B Ordering ISDN Lines

Ordering the Line ........................................................................................................... B-1

Provisioning for Switches in North America ................................................................... B-2

Provisioning for AT&T 5ESS Switch ........................................................................ B-2

Provisioning for Northern Telecom Switch .............................................................. B-4

Appendix C ISDN Clearing Codes

Clearing Codes ..............................................................................................................C-1

Appendix D Using the Protocol Analyzer and Trace Tools

The Diagnostic Process .................................................................................................D-1

ISDN Protocol Analyzer .................................................................................................D-2

Pack et Tracing ................................................................................................................ D-5

Packet Trace Display Format ...................................................................................D-8

Glossary Index

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Figure 1-1. Three Main Address Classes ...................................................................1-8

Figure 1-2. Example of Subnetting a Class B Address ............................................1-10

Figure 1-3. Single IP Address Operation Using NAT ................................................1-13

Figure 2-1. Front Panel of Model RT328 Router ........................................................2-4

Figure 2-2. Front Panel of Model RH348 Router ........................................................2-4

Figure 2-3. Rear Panel of the Model RT328 Router ...................................................2-6

Figure 2-4. Rear Panel of the Model RH348 Router ..................................................2-6

Figures

Figure 3-1. Start-up Display .......................................................................................3-2

Figure 3-2. Manager Main Menu ................................................................................3-4

Figure 3-3. Menu 1 - General Setup ...........................................................................3-6

Figure 3-4. Menu 2 - ISDN Setup for North America .................................................3-8

Figure 3-5. Menu 2 - ISDN Setup for DSS1 .............................................................3-10

Figure 7-1. LAN-to-LAN Application ...........................................................................7-1

Figure 8-1. Outgoing Packet Filtering Process ...........................................................8-1

Figure 8-2. LAN Packet Which Triggered Last Call .....................................................8-9

Figure 8-3. Menu 21 Filter Set Conﬁguration ...........................................................8-11

Figure 8-4. TCP/IP Filter Rule Menu ........................................................................8-12

Figure 8-5. Filter Rules Summary Menu ..................................................................8-13

Figure 8-6. Remote Node Proﬁle Menu ....................................................................8-14

Figures xi

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Figure 9-1. Packet Examples .....................................................................................9-3

Figure 9-2. Trace Display for a Successful TCP/IP Protocol Connection ...................9-7

Figure 9-3. Trace Display for a Failed TCP/IP Protocol Connection ...........................9-7

Figure D-1. ISDN Protocol Analyzer Display ............................................................. D-4

Figure D-2. Trace Screen ........................................................................................... D-7

Figure D-3. Packet Trace Display Deﬁnitions ............................................................. D-8

Figure D-4. PPP Message Deﬁnitions ....................................................................... D-8

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Table 1-1. Netmask Notation Translation Table for One Octet ................................1-11

Table 1-2. Netmask Formats ...................................................................................1-12

Table 2-1. LED Descriptions .....................................................................................2-5

Table 3-1. Manager Menu Commands ....................................................................3-3

Table 3-2. Manager Menu Summary .......................................................................3-5

Table 3-3. ISDN Setup Menu Parameters for North America ..................................3-7

Table 3-4. ISDN Setup Field Descriptions ...............................................................3-9

Table 3-5. Ethernet General Setup Menu Fields ....................................................3-11

Table 3-6. Menu 3 - Ethernet Setup Menu Fields ..................................................3-12

Tables

Table 5-1. Menu 11.1 Remote Node Proﬁle Fields ..................................................5-2

Table 5-2. Fields in Menu 11.2 - Remote Node PPP Options ..................................5-5

Table 5-3. Relationship Between BTR and MTR ......................................................5-6

Table 6-1. Fields in Menu 13 - Default Dial-in Setup ...............................................6-2

Table 6-2. Fields in Menu 14.1 - Edit Dial-in User ...................................................6-5

Table 7-1. Fields in Menu 11.1 - Remote Node Proﬁle Fields .................................7-2

Table 7-2. Menu 11.3 Remote Node Network Layer Options Fields ........................7-3

Table 7-3. Edit IP Static Route Menu Fields ............................................................7-5

Table 8-1. Abbreviations Used in Menu 21.1 - Filter Rules Summary .....................8-3

Table 8-2. Abbreviations Used if Filter Type Is IP .....................................................8-3

Table 8-3. Abbreviations Used if Filter Type Is GEN .................................................8-4

Table 8-4. TCP/IP Filter Rule Menu Fields ..............................................................8-5

Table 8-5. Generic Filter Rule Menu Fields .............................................................8-7

Tables xiii

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Table 9-1. System Maintenance Status Menu Fields ................................................9-1

Table 9-2. System Maintenance Status Menu Fields ...............................................9-2

Table 9-3. System Maintenance - Log and Trace Menu Fields .................................9-4

Table 9-4. System Maintenance - Syslog and Accounting Menu Fields ...................9-5

Table 9-5. System Maintenance - Diagnostic Menu Fields .......................................9-6

Table 10-1. Code Numbers for Failed ISDN Initialization ..........................................10-3

Table B-1. Switch Types Supported ........................................................................ B-2

Table B-2. Provisioning Features and Settings for National ISDN-1 Services ........ B-3

Table B-3. Provisioning Features and Settings for Multipoint Service ..................... B-3

Table B-4. Provisioning Features and Settings for Point-to-Point Service ............... B-4

Table B-5. Provisioning Features and Settings for National ISDN-1 Service .......... B-5

Table B-6. Provisioning Features and Settings for Custom ISDN Service ............... B-5

Table C-1. ISDN Call Clearing Codes ..................................................................... C-1

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Preface

Congratulations on your purchase of the NETGEAR RH348 ISDN Router.

These ISDN router models provide connection for one or more computer workstations to the Internet or to the ofﬁce over Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) lines. They operate at a speed of up to 512 kilobits per second (Kbps) or 128 Kbps without compression. At these speeds, you can download video clips, music, or high-resolution color graphics from the World Wide Web or other online services many times faster than you can with an analog modem. The routers support concurrent data and voice communications, reducing cost and administration of multiple phone lines.

™

Model RT328 ISDN Router or Model

Purpose

This guide describes the features of the Model RT328 router and the Model RH348 router and provides installation and conﬁguration instructions. When discussing features, functions, or speciﬁcations that apply to both router models, the guide refers to the Model RT328/RH348 router.

Audience

To conﬁgure and install the Model RT328/RH348 router, you should have the following background and experience:

• Working knowledge of basic network management concepts and terminology

• Working knowledge of tools and procedures for installing and operating sensitive electronic equipment

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Conventions

This section describes the conventions used in this guide.

Special Message Formats

This guide uses the following formats to highlight special messages:

This format is used to highlight information of importance or special interest.

Note:

Caution:

equipment failure or loss of data.

Warning:

equipment damage.

Danger:

mishandling equipment.

This format is used to highlight information that will help you prevent

This format is used to highlight information about the possibility of injury or

This format is used to alert you that you may incur an electrical shock by

Use of Enter, Type, and Press

This guide uses “enter,” “type,” and “press” to describe the following actions:

• When you read “enter,” type the text and press the Enter key.

• When you read “type,” type the text, but do not press the Enter key.

• When you read “press,” press only the alphanumeric or named key.

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Other Conventions

This guide uses the following typographical conventions:

italics

courier font

Book titles and UNIX ﬁle, command, and directory names.

Screen text, user-typed command-line entries. Initial Caps Menu titles and window and button names. [Enter] Named keys in text are shown enclosed in square brackets. The notation

[Enter] is used for the Enter key and the Return key. [Ctrl]+C Two or more keys that must be pressed simultaneously are shown in text

linked with a plus (+) sign. ALL CAPS DOS ﬁle and directory names.

Related Publications

For more information about conﬁguring the Model RT328/RH348 router using FirstGear conﬁguration software, refer to Getting Started Using FirstGear for the Model RT328 and Model

RH348 ISDN Routers (part number M1-RH348NA-0).

For more information about address assignment, refer to RFC 1597, Address Allocation for

Private Internets, and RFC 1466, Guidelines for Management of IP Address Space .

For more information about IP address translation, refer to RFC 1631, The IP Network Address

Tr anslator (NAT) .

™

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Intro.fm Page 1 Tuesday, October 10, 2000 3:15 PM

This chapter describes the features of the NETGEAR Model RT328 ISDN Router and Model RH348 ISDN Router and discusses planning considerations for installation.

Chapter 1

Introduction

About the Router

The Model RT328/RH348 router transports data from one local area network (LAN) to another through a wide area network (WAN) connection.

The router compares the network addresses of data packets sent through the LAN to the entries in its address tables. If a match is found for a destination network, the router passes the packet to the path indicated by the entry in the routing table.

The entry in the path list contains the ISDN phone number(s) of the target router. The router sends the number to the ISDN port for the call to be connected. The WAN path is established, and the data is sent to the remote unit. At the receiving end, the process operates in the reverse order, from the ISDN port to the LAN port.

Features

The Model RT328/RH348 router is a ﬂexible, high-performance, easy-to-use router that provides a cost-effective solution for intelligent networking access across an ISDN line. With minimum setup, you can install and use the router within minutes to meet a wide variety of networking requirements.

Introduction 1-1

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Key Features

The Model RT328/RH348 router provides the following features:

• Standard basic rate ISDN (BRI) connection

– ISDN, 2B+D, providing two 64 Kbps data channels and a 16 Kbps control channel – Four-wire S/T interface on Model RT328-S/RH348-S router – Two-wire U interface on Model RT328-U/RH348-U router – Two-wire NTT interface on Model RH348-D router

• Protocol Support

– IP routing – Multilink Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) for 128 Kbps operation – Dynamic bandwidth-on-demand with BACP – Dynamic NAT+ for operation with a single static or dynamic IP address – DHCP for dynamically assigning network conﬁguration information to LAN

workstations

• Industry-standard compression

– Hi/fn (Stac LZS) compression with CCP

• Easy installation and management

– FirstGear graphical user interface (GUI) management software for Windows – Built-in Manager interface for Macintosh, UNIX, and PC users, accessible by

terminal or Telnet Protocol

– Conﬁgurable through the LAN—no serial connection required

• Security

– Access control on management functions – Dial-in access control by Calling Line Identiﬁcation (CLID) and Callback – PAP and CHAP authentication support

users

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• Twisted pair and AUI Ethernet ports (Model RT328 router only)

– RJ-45 interface allowing connection to a 10BASE-T network – AUI interface allowing connection to a coaxial or ﬁber network using a transceiver

• Four-port twisted pair Ethernet hub (Model RH348 router only)

– Four RJ-45 interfaces for connection to 10BASE-T workstations

• Analog voice ports

– Provides two RJ-11 interfaces – Allows a standard analog PSTN device (for example, telephone, fax, or modem) to

make and receive calls from other ISDN or PSTN connected devices

– Eliminates the need for a separate PSTN line in a SOHO (small ofﬁce/home ofﬁce)

environment

• Eleven LEDs for easy monitoring of status and activity

• Flash EPROM for ﬁrmware upgrade

• Five-year warranty

• Free technical support seven days a week, twenty-four hours a day

ISDN Support

The Model RT328/RH348 router is designed to take advantage of Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) for transmission of data over digital telephone networks. A basic rate interface (BRI), which is the usual ISDN implementation, consists of two 64 kilobit per second (Kbps) B channels for data and one 16 Kbps D channel for control information.

One advantage of using ISDN to connect routers is that the connection is set up only if there is data to be sent to the remote network. The router sets up a call, transfers the data, and then hangs up automatically when the connection is no longer needed.

Multilink PPP Support

When the single-channel ISDN line utilization exceeds a conﬁgurable threshold, the router can automatically establish an additional ISDN call to provide additional bandwidth. During heavy trafﬁc, the two 64 Kbps B channels are combined using Multilink PPP to provide a fast 128 Kbps pipe. When trafﬁc slows down, one of the B channels is idled to save toll charges. The router also reverts back to one B channel for data when an analog port is used.

Introduction 1-3

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TCP/IP Support

The Model RT328/RH348 router supports the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) and Routing Information Protocol (RIP), which ensures that ISDN connections are established only when passing data.

For further information about TCP/IP, refer to “Basic Router Concepts” on page 1-6.

IP Address Masquerading by Dynamic NAT+

Both NETGEAR routers allow an entire department of networked PCs to share an Internet account using only a single IP address, which may be statically or dynamically assigned by your Internet service provider (ISP). This technique, an extension of network address translation (NAT), is known as IP address masquerading and typically allows the use of a very inexpensive ISP account.

Automatic Conﬁguration of Attached PCs by DHCP

The routers can dynamically assign network conﬁguration information, including IP, gateway, and domain name server (DNS) addresses, to attached PCs on the LAN using the Dynamic Host Conﬁguration Protocol (DHCP). This feature greatly simpliﬁes conﬁguration of LAN-attached workstations.

Security

The Model RT328/RH348 router is equipped with several features designed to maintain security. These security features are described in this section.

Calling Line Identiﬁcation

The use of Calling Line Identiﬁcation (CLID or Caller ID) ensures that incoming ISDN calling numbers are checked against known numbers before a call is answered and access is granted, thus providing a ﬁrst level of security. In many areas, you must speciﬁcally request that CLID be enabled by the telephone company for your ISDN line. In some regions, CLID may not be available.

1-4 Introduction

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PAP and CHAP Authentication

For connecting to other routers, the Model RT328/RH348 router supports two authentication protocols: Password Authentication Protocol (PAP) and Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol (CHAP). PAP sends the user name and password in plain text. CHAP scrambles the password before it is sent over the wire. Although CHAP provides better security, PAP is readily available on more platforms.

Callback

For security and simpliﬁed cost accounting, the router implements Callback. When a remote user dials in, the router can disconnect the call and call the user back, so that any further call charges are incurred by the location of the router. The caller can provide the callback numbers; or, for security, the router can be programmed to call back a predetermined number.

Management Support

The router is designed to be installed and made operational within minutes after connection to the network.

If you are a PC user, the FirstGear software lets you easily conﬁgure the unit from the Windows environment.

If you are a Macintosh, UNIX, or PC user, you can connect to the built-in Manager interface, which can be accessed through a terminal connected to the MGR (manager) port or through a Telnet session across the network. The built-in Manager interface manages and conﬁgures the unit through an easily understood screen process.

Introduction 1-5

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Basic Router Concepts

In general, the cost of providing network bandwidth is proportional to the data speed and the distance over which the network extends. Large amounts of bandwidth are provided easily and relatively inexpensively in a local area network (ofﬁce, department, and similar situations). However, providing the same high data speeds between two local networks that are physically distant may be prohibitively expensive. Because of this expense, high-speed local area networks (LANs) are usually interconnected by slower-speed links to form a wide area network (WAN).

In order to make the best use of the slower WAN links, a mechanism must be in place at each location for selecting data meant only for another location and sending it by the best available link. The function of selecting and forwarding this data is performed by a router.

What is a Router?

A router is a device that forwards trafﬁc between networks based on network layer information in the data and on routing tables maintained by the router. In these routing tables, a router builds up a logical picture of the overall network by gathering and exchanging information with other routers in the network. Using this information, it chooses the best path for forwarding network trafﬁc.

Routers vary in performance and scale, number of routing protocols supported, and types of physical WAN connections supported. The Model RT328/RH348 router is a small ofﬁce router that routes the IP protocol over a dial-up ISDN connection.

Routing Information Protocol

One of the protocols used by a router to build and maintain a picture of the network is the Routing Information Protocol (RIP). RIP is a distance vector protocol, meaning that all the decisions about which path to use are based upon a logical distance between source and destination networks. This distance is measured in “hops,” meaning the number of relaying routers in the path between the source LAN router and the router of the destination LAN. For example, the LAN of router A is considered to be 1 hop away. If router A can reach the network of router B by a direct WAN link to the network of router B, the network of router B is two hops away. If another network must be reached by calling router B and having router B forward the data, that network is n hops away, where n is the number of routers traversed by the data to get to the network farthest away. When there are multiple paths to a network, the path with the fewest number of hops is chosen and is regarded as the best path, and all other information about how to get to that network is discarded.

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Using RIP, routers update one another periodically and check to see if there are any changes to be added to the routing table. An important consideration is the convergence time, or how long it takes for a change to the routing topology (such as a new node or a node failure), to be propagated throughout the entire RIP environment. To prevent this convergence process from being excessively long, RIP is limited to 15 hops maximum.

The Model RT328/RH348 router supports both the older RIP-1 and the newer RIP-2 protocols. Among other improvements, RIP-2 supports subnetting and multicasting.

IP Addresses and the Internet

Because TCP/IP networks are interconnected widely across the world, every machine on the Internet must have a unique address to make sure that transmitted data reaches the correct destination. Blocks of addresses are assigned to organizations by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA). Individual users and small organizations may obtain their addresses either from the IANA or from an Internet service provider (ISP).

The Internet Protocol (IP) uses a 32-bit address structure. The address is usually written in dot notation (also called dotted-decimal notation), in which each group of eight bits is written in decimal form, separated by decimal points. For example, the binary address:

11000011 00100010 00001100 00000111

is normally written as:

195.34.12.7

which is easier to remember and easier to enter into your computer. In addition, the 32 bits of the address are subdivided into two parts. The ﬁrst part of the address

identiﬁes the network, and the second part identiﬁes the host node or station on the network. The dividing point may vary depending on the address range and the application.

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There are ﬁve standard classes of IP addresses. These address classes have different ways of determining the network and host sections of the address, allowing for different numbers of hosts on a network. Each address type begins with a unique bit pattern, which is used by the TCP/IP software to identify the address class. After the address class has been determined, the software can correctly identify the host section of the address. The three main address classes are illustrated in Figure 1-1, which shows the network and host sections of the address for each address type.

Class A

Network Node

Class B

Network Node

Class C

Network Node

7261

Figure 1-1. Three Main Address Classes

Class A addresses can have up to 16,777,214 hosts on a single network. They use an 8-bit network number and a 24-bit node number. Class A addresses are in this range:

1.x.x.x to 126.x.x.x.

Class B addresses can have up to 65,354 hosts on a network. A Class B address uses a 16-bit network number and a 16-bit node number. Class B addresses are in this range:

128.1.x.x to 191.254.x.x.

Class C addresses can have 254 hosts on a network. Class C addresses use 24 bits for the network address and 8 bits for the node. They are in this range:

192.0.1.x to 223.255.254.x.

Class D addresses are used for multicasts (messages sent to many hosts). Class D addresses are in this range:

224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255.

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Class E addresses are for experimental use. This addressing structure allows IP to uniquely identify each physical network and each node on

each physical network. For each unique value of the network portion of the address, the base address of the range (host

address of all zeros) is known as the network address and is not usually assigned to a host. Also, the top address of the range (host address of all ones) is not assigned but is used as the broadcast address for sending a packet simultaneously to all hosts with the same network address.

Netmask

In each of the above address classes, the size of the two parts (network address and host address) is implied by the class. This partitioning scheme can also be expressed by a netmask associated with the IP address. A netmask is a 32-bit quantity that, when logically ANDed with an IP address, yields the network address. For instance, the netmasks for Class A, B, and C addresses are

255.0.0.0, 255.255.0.0, and 255.255.255.0, respectively. For example, the address 192.168.170.237 is a Class C IP address whose network portion is the

upper 24 bits. When ANDed with the Class C netmask, as shown here, only the network portion of the address remains:

11000000 10101000 10101010 11101101 (192.168.170.237)

ANDed with:

11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000 (255.255.255.0)

Equals:

11000000 10101000 10101010 00000000 (192.168.170.0)

As a shorter alternative to dotted-decimal notation, the netmask may also be expressed in terms of the number of ones from the left. This number is appended to the IP address, following a backward slash ( / ), as “/n.” In the example, the address could be written as 192.168.170.237/24, indicating that the netmask is 24 ones followed by 8 zeros.

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Subnet Addressing

By looking at the addressing structures, you can see that even with a Class C address, there are a large number of hosts per network. Such a structure is an inefﬁcient use of addresses if each end of a routed link requires a different network number. It is unlikely that the smaller ofﬁce LANs would have that many devices. You can resolve this problem by using a technique known as subnet addressing.

Subnet addressing allows us to split one IP network address into smaller multiple physical networks known as subnetworks. Some of the node numbers are used as a subnet number instead. A Class B address gives us 16 bits of node numbers translating to 64,000 nodes. Most organizations do not use 64,000 nodes, so there are free bits that can be reassigned. Subnet addressing makes use of those bits that are free, as illustrated in Figure 1-2.

Class B

Network Subnet Node

7262

Figure 1-2. Example of Subnetting a Class B Address

A Class B address can be effectively translated into multiple Class C addresses. For example, the IP address of 172.16.0.0 is assigned, but node addresses are limited to 255 maximum, allowing 8 extra bits to use as a subnet address. The IP address of 172.16.97.235 would be interpreted as IP network address 172.16, subnet number 97, and node number 235. In addition to extending the number of addresses available, subnet addressing provides other beneﬁts. Subnet addressing allows a network manager to construct an address scheme for the network by using different subnets for other geographical locations in the network or for other departments in the organization.

Although the preceding example uses the entire third octet for a subnet address, note that you are not restricted to octet boundaries in subnetting. To create more network numbers, you need only shift some bits from the host address to the network address. For instance, to partition a Class C network number (192.68.135.0) into two, you shift 1 bit from the host address to the network address. The new netmask (or subnet mask) is 255.255.255.128. The ﬁrst subnet has network number 192.68.135.0 with hosts 192.68.135.1 to 129.68.135.126, and the second subnet has network number 192.68.135.128 with hosts 192.68.135.129 to 192.68.135.254.

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The number 192.68.135.127 is not assigned because it is the broadcast address

Note:

of the ﬁrst subnet. And 192.68.135.128 is not assigned because it is the network address of the second subnet.

Table 1-1 lists the additional subnet mask bits in dotted-decimal notation. To use the table, write down the original class netmask and replace the 0 value octets with the dotted-decimal value of the additional subnet bits. For instance, to partition your Class C network 204.247.203.0 with subnet mask 255.255.255.0 into 16 subnets (4 bits), the new subnet mask becomes 255.255.255.240.

Table 1-1. Netmask Notation Translation Table for One Octet

Number of Bits

1 128 2 192 3 224 4 240 5 248 6 252 7 254 8 255

Dotted-Decimal Value

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Table 1-2 displays several common netmask values in both the dotted-decimal and the masklength formats.

Table 1-2. Netmask Formats

Dotted-Decimal Masklength

255.0.0.0 /8

255.255.0.0 /16

255.255.255.0 /24

255.255.255.128 /25

255.255.255.192 /26

255.255.255.224 /27

255.255.255.240 /28

255.255.255.248 /29

255.255.255.252 /30

255.255.255.254 /31

255.255.255.254 /32

NETGEAR strongly advises that all hosts on a LAN segment use the same netmask for the following reasons:

• So that hosts recognize local IP broadcast packets

When a device broadcasts to its segment neighbors, it uses a destination address of the local network address with all ones for the host address. In order for this scheme to work, all devices on the segment must agree on which bits comprise the host address.

• So that a local router or bridge will know which addresses are local and which are remote

Private IP Addresses

If your networks are isolated from the Internet (for example, only between your two branch ofﬁces), you can assign any IP addresses to the hosts without problems. However, the IANA has reserved the following three blocks of IP addresses speciﬁcally for private networks:

10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255

172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255

192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255

NETGEAR recommends that you choose your private network number from this list.

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Regardless of your particular situation, do not create an arbitrary IP address; always follow the guidelines explained here. For more information about address assignment, refer to RFC 1597,

Address Allocation for Private Internets, and RFC 1466, Guidelines for Management of IP Address Space .

Single IP Address Operation Using NAT

If multiple stations on a LAN need to access the Internet simultaneously, they usually have to obtain a range of IP addresses from the ISP. This type of Internet account is much more costly than a single-address account typically used by a single user with a terminal adapter rather than a router. The Model RT328/RH348 router employs a method called extended NAT. This method allows an entire department of networked PCs to share an Internet account using only a single IP address, which may be statically or dynamically assigned by your Internet service provider (ISP).

The router accomplishes this address sharing by translating the internal LAN IP addresses to a single address that is globally unique on the Internet. The internal LAN IP addresses can be either private addresses or registered addresses. For more information about IP address translation, refer to RFC 1631, The IP Network Address Translator (NAT) .

Figure 1-3 illustrates a single IP address operation.

Private IP addresses assigned by user

IP addresses

192.168.0.2

192.168.0.3

192.168.0.4

192.168.0.5

192.168.0.1 172.21.15.105

assigned by ISP

Internet

7786EA

Figure 1-3. Single IP Address Operation Using NAT

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This scheme offers the additional beneﬁt of ﬁrewall protection because the internal LAN addresses are not available to the Internet through the translated connection. All incoming inquiries are ﬁltered out by the router. This ﬁltering can prevent intruders from probing your system. You can specify one server (for example, a Web server) on your local network and make it accessible by outside users.

Address Resolution Protocol

An IP address alone cannot be used to deliver data from one device to another on a LAN. In order for data to be sent from one device on the LAN to another, you must convert the IP address of the destination device to its media access control (MAC) address. Each device on an Ethernet network has a unique Ethernet MAC address, which is a 48-bit number assigned to each device by the manufacturer. The technique that associates the IP address with a MAC address is known as address resolution, and IP uses the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) to do this.

If a device needs to send data to another station on the network and it does not already have the destination MAC address recorded, ARP is used. An ARP request is broadcast onto the network, and all stations receive and read the request. The destination IP address for the chosen station is included as part of the message so that only the station with this IP address responds to the ARP request and all other nodes discard it.

The node with the right IP address responds with its own MAC address directly to the sender, providing the transmitting station with the destination MAC address needed for it to send the data. The IP address data and MAC address data for each node are held in an ARP table, so that the next time data needs to be sent, the address can be obtained from the address information in the table.

Domain Name Server

Many of the resources on the Internet can be addressed by simple descriptive names such as www.NETGEAR.com. This addressing is very helpful at the application level, but the descriptive name must be translated to an IP address in order for a user to actually contact the resource. Just as each workstation maintains an ARP table to map IP addresses to MAC addresses, a domain name server (DNS) maps descriptive names of network resources to IP addresses.

When a workstation needs to access a resource by its descriptive name, it ﬁrst contacts a DNS to obtain the IP address of the resource. It can then send the desired message using the IP address. Many large organizations such as ISPs maintain their own DNSs and allow their customers to use them for address lookup.

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IP Conﬁguration by DHCP

When an IP-based local area network is installed, each workstation must be conﬁgured with an IP address. If the workstations need to access the Internet, they should also be conﬁgured with a gateway address and one or more DNS server addresses. As an alternative to manual conﬁguration, there is a method by which each device on the network can obtain this conﬁguration information automatically. A device on the network may act as a Dynamic Host Conﬁguration Protocol (DHCP) server. The DHCP server stores a list or pool of IP addresses, along with other information (such as gateway and DNS addresses) that it may assign to the other devices on the network. The Model RT328/RH348 router has the capacity to act as a DHCP server.

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This chapter provides instructions for installing the Model RT328/RH348 router and connecting to the built-in interface through a serial or Telnet connection.

Chapter 2

Router Installation and Connection

Package Contents

The product package should contain the following items:

• Model RT328 router or Model RH348 router

• AC power adapter, 16 V AC output

• 10-foot 10BASE-T Ethernet cable, straight-through wiring (white)

• 10-foot 10BASE-T Ethernet cable, crossover wiring (red) for the Model RT328 router only

• ISDN cable (black)

• 9-pin RS-232 serial cable

• 9-pin D-connector to 25-pin D-connector adapter

• This guide

• Getting Started Using FirstGear for the Model RT328 and Model RH348 ISDN Routers

• FirstGear Installation Diskette

• Warranty card Call your dealer if there are any wrong, missing, or damaged parts. Keep the carton, including

the original packing materials, to repack the router if there is a need to return it for repair.

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ISDN Services Checklist

The following requirements must be met in order to successfully connect to the ISDN network:

• European Services

– Your ISDN circuit should conform to DSS1, EURO-ISDN, NET3, or I-CTR3 standards. – You should know the ISDN number(s) of your local and remote sites. – If you require CLID (Calling Line Identiﬁcation) for security, order the CLID option from

your local carrier.

• North American Services

The Model RT328/RH348 router has been approved by Bellcore and has the IOC (ISDN Ordering Code) “S” Capability, EZ-ISDN1. Ordering your ISDN line in this conﬁguration will provide basic data and voice service. If you wish to use any advanced calling features such as call waiting, you will need to order a higher level of service such as IOC “U.” In particular, you will need to have ACO (Additional Call Offering) provisioned in order to use call waiting or incoming call bumping.

In North America, you must conﬁgure your ISDN router according to the type of switch your telephone company has in its local central ofﬁce. For further information, refer to Appendix B, “Ordering ISDN Lines.”

You need the following information from your telephone company:

• The type of switch at your telephone company This switch type may be AT&T 5ESS, Northern Telecom DMS-100/DMS-250, or

Siemens EWSD.

• The conﬁguration mode of your ISDN line Your line may be conﬁgured in the standard National ISDN mode (NI-1) or in a

manufacturer-speciﬁc custom mode.

• The local directory number(s) assigned to your line

• The Service Proﬁle Identiﬁers (SPIDs) associated with the directory numbers

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Network Checklist

The Model RT328/RH348 router uses the Internet Protocol (IP). The IP conﬁguration has the following requirements:

• Host devices must hav e established IP addresses (usually deﬁned by your netw ork manager or Internet service provider).

• An IP address must be assigned to the router itself (usually deﬁned by your network manager or Internet service provider).

• Host devices must have the router deﬁned either as the default gateway or as an entry in the static routes table.

• The network or subnetwork numbers must be different on the Local and Remote networks you are routing between.

If you do not have any assigned IP addresses, you must use NAT. In this case, assign IP addresses from a group of designated private IP addresses. Refer to “Single IP Address Operation Using NAT” on page 1-13 for more information about IP address masquerading. Refer to “IP Addresses and the Internet” on page 1-7 for more information about TCP/IP network conﬁguration.

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Connecting the Router

The front panels of the Model RT328 router, as illustrated in Figure 2-1, and the Model RH348 router, as illustrated in Figure 2-2, contain status LEDs. Refer to the illustrations to locate the LEDs and to Table 2-1 for descriptions. You can use some of the LEDs to verify connections.

INTERFACE

Remote Access

ISDN Router

PWR TEST D B1

3 541 2

ISDN LAN

B2 LINK RXTX COL 1 2

MODEL

RT328

Key:

1 = PWR (Power) LED 2 = TEST LED 3 = Channel D, B1, and B2 ISDN LEDs 4 = LINK, TX , RX, and COL LAN LEDs 5 = PHONE 1 and PHONE 2 LEDs

Figure 2-1. Front Panel of Model RT328 Router

3 541 2

INTERFACE

Remote Access

ISDN Router

Key:

1 = PWR (Power) LED 2 = TEST LED 3 = Channel D, B1, and B2 ISDN LEDs 4 = LAN 1-4 LEDs 5 = PHONE 1 and PHONE 2 LEDs

PWR TEST D B1

ISDN LAN

B2 1 32412

MODEL

7631EA

RH348

8349EA

Figure 2-2. Front Panel of Model RH348 Router

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Table 2-1 lists and describes each LED on the front panel of the router. These LEDs are green when lit.

Table 2-1. LED Descriptions

Label Activity Description

PWR (Power) On Power is supplied to the router. TEST Blinking The router is functioning properly. ISDN:

D On The router is successfully synchronized with the attached

B1 On There is an active WAN session on the channel,

B2 On There is an active WAN session on the channel,

LAN (RT328):

Link On This LAN port is synchronized with an attached device. TX (Transmit) Blinking Data is being transmitted on the LAN. RX (Receive) Blinking Data is being received on the LAN. COL (Collision)

Blinking

ISDN line.

or the channel is making or receiving a call.

Data collision is occurring on the LAN.

LAN (RH348):

1-4

Phone 1 On The device (telephone, fax, or modem) connected

Phone 2 On The device (telephone, fax, or modem) connected

Blinking

The numbered LAN port is synchronized with an attached device.

Data is being received on the port.

to the PHONE 1 port is in use.

to the PHONE 2 port is in use.

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The rear panel of the Model RT328 router is shown in Figure 2-3, and the rear panel of the Model RH348 router is shown in Figure 2-4. Refer to this diagram to identify all of the ports on the router when you attempt to make any connections.

POWER

16VAC

Key:

1 = Power switch 2 = AC adapter outlet for connecting the AC adapter to the router 3 = UTP port for connecting the router to the LAN with UTP cable 4 = AUI port for connecting the router to the LAN with coaxial or ﬁber cable using a transceiver 5 = RS-232 port for connecting the router to the serial port of a PC 6 = ISDN port for connecting the router to ISDN cable 7 = Phone ports for connecting the router to a telephone, fax, or modem

UTP

761 3 4 52

LAN

AUI

MGR

ISDN-U PHONE 1 PHONE 2

7632EA

Figure 2-3. Rear Panel of the Model RT328 Router

63 51 42

LAN

POWER

16VAC

4321

MANAGER

ISDN PHONE 1 PHONE 2

8343EA

Key:

1 = Power switch 2 = AC adapter outlet for connecting the AC adapter to the router 3 = UTP hub ports for connecting PCs and workstations 4 = RS-232 port for connecting the router to the serial port of a PC 5 = ISDN port for connecting the router to ISDN cable 6 = Phone ports for connecting the router to a telephone, fax, or modem

Figure 2-4. Rear Panel of the Model RH348 Router

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Warning:

important that you use the correct cable for each connection and that you do not connect the ports incorrectly, because serious damage to your router could result.

Several of the connectors and connection cables are very similar. It is

Connecting the Serial Cable (Optional)

Plug one end of the 9-pin RS-232 cable into the MGR (manager) port on the router. Plug the other end into a serial port (such as COM1 or COM2) of your PC. You must use the included 9-pin to 25-pin adapter if your PC has only a 25-pin port available.

Connecting to the ISDN Port

In regions where the S interface version of the router is used, the ISDN cable will have two 8-pin RJ-45 connectors. Plug one end of the cable into the ISDN port of the router and connect the other end to an NT1 (Network Termination) de vice, a DSU device, or an S-interface wall jack.

In regions where the U interface version of the router is used, your ISDN cable will have an 8-pin RJ-45 connector on one end and either an 8-pin RJ-45 (earlier versions) or a 6-pin RJ-11 (later versions) connector on the other end. Plug one 8-pin connector into the ISDN port of the router. Connect the other end of the cable directly to your ISDN wall jack. Your wall jack may have either an 8-pin RJ-45 or a 6-pin RJ-11 connector. A 6-pin cable connector will plug into the center of an 8-pin wall jack, but if you have a 6-pin jack and an 8-pin cable connector, you must either change the jack or get a cable with two 6-pin connectors.

Connecting the Ethernet Cable

The Model R T328 router supports tw o types of Ethernet connections. Follow the procedure that is appropriate for your installation.

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Using Twisted Pair LAN Cabling

Use the UTP port for connecting your router to a 10BASE-T network, using unshielded twisted pair (UTP) cabling and RJ-45 connectors. The following two types of UTP cable are included with your router:

• Straight-through Ethernet cable Use the white straight-through cable to connect your router to an Ethernet hub.

• Crossover Ethernet cable Use the red crossover Ethernet cable to connect your router to a PC or workstation.

Using Coaxial or Fiber LAN Cabling

Use the AUI port for connecting to a transceiver, which provides an interface to coaxial or ﬁber Ethernet networks.

Connecting to the Hub Ports in the Model RH348 Router

The Model RH348 router provides four Ethernet twisted pair hub ports for connecting to PCs and workstations. Connections are made using standard straight-through UTP cables like the one included with your router. The hub of the Model RH348 router may be connected to another hub using the uplink port on the hub to which you are connecting or by using a crossover cable to a normal port.

Connecting a Telephone, Fax, or Modem

Use either one of the phone ports (PHONE 1 or PHONE 2) for connecting your router to an analog telephone, fax, or modem. Be sure that your ISDN line is provisioned by your telephone company for both data and voice calls.

Connecting the Power Adapter

Plug the connector of the 16 V AC power adapter into the AC adapter outlet on the router. Then plug the adapter into a wall outlet.

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Connecting for Conﬁguration

If you are a PC user, you can conﬁgure the router through either the FirstGear ISDN Router Conﬁguration Utility, which is an easy-to-use software program, or the menu-based built-in Manager interface. For complete instructions on using FirstGear, refer to Getting Started Using

FirstGear for the Model RT328 and Model RH348 ISDN Routers .

If you are using a Macintosh or UNIX-based workstation, you can conﬁgure the router only by using the built-in Manager interface.

You can access the built-in Manager interface through either a serial port or Telnet on the LAN. In order to use Telnet, you must know the current IP address of the router. For more information about using the built-in Manager interface, refer to Chapter 3, “Router Conﬁguration.”

Connecting Through a Serial Port

You can access the built-in interface through a serial port by using a VT100 terminal or by using a terminal-emulation program on your PC or workstation. If you are using Windows, for example, Microsoft

provides HyperTerminal with Windows 95. Be sure to set the program for VT100

emulation, including arrow keys. Serial port parameters are as follows:

• 9600 bps

• 8 data bits

• 1 stop bit

• No parity

• No ﬂow control

After the serial session is opened, refer to Chapter 3, “Router Conﬁguration,” for further information about the different methods of conﬁguring your router and for conﬁguration instructions.

Connecting Through a Telnet Connection

You can access the built-in interface by a T elnet call from any TCP/IP workstation on the LAN or the remote network. In order to use the Telnet Protocol, you must know the current IP address of the router. If the router has no IP address, you must ﬁrst use a serial connection or the FirstGear utility to assign an IP address. The router ships with an address of 192.168.0.1.

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To make a Telnet connection from the LAN, you must know which of the two LAN interfaces (UTP or AUI) is enabled and make sure that the interface is connected to the LAN. The factory default is the UTP interface. You must also set up your workstation to be able to reach the IP address of the router by doing one of the following:

• Set your workstation to an IP address on the currently programmed subnet of the router.

• Add a route to the static routing table of the workstation to indicate that the router can be reached through the local LAN port.

If you change the LAN IP address of the router while connected through Telnet,

Note:

you lose the Telnet session. You must then open a new Telnet connection to the new IP address and log in again. If you change the selected LAN interface, you also lose the session and must change the hardware connection to the other Ethernet port.

When using Telnet, consider the following:

• Single administrator To prevent confusion and discrepancy on the conﬁguration, the router allows only one terminal

connection at any time. The router also gives priority to the RS-232 connection over Telnet. If you have already connected to the router through Telnet, you will be logged out if another user then connects through the RS-232 cable. You can use a Telnet connection only after the other administrator has disconnected.

• System timeout When you are connected to the router through Telnet, there is a system timeout of 5 minutes

(300 seconds). If you are not conﬁguring the device and leave it inactive for this timeout period, then the router automatically disconnects you.

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This chapter contains information about conﬁguring your Model RT328/RH348 router through the built-in Manager interface.

Chapter 3

Router Conﬁguration

Conﬁguration Methods

If you are using a PC, you have the following two options to conﬁgure your router:

• Through FirstGear FirstGear is an easy-to-use Windows-based utility that leads you through a Quick Setup or

an Advanced menu for conﬁguring your router. For FirstGear instructions, refer to Getting

Started Using FirstGear for the Model RT328 and Model RH348 ISDN Routers .

• Through the built-in Manager interface

If you are using a Macintosh or UNIX-based workstation, the built-in Manager interface is the only way that you can conﬁgure your router through your computer. However, you can use a PC to conﬁgure the router and then connect the router to the Macintosh or workstation after the conﬁguration process is complete.

The built-in Manager interface is accessible through either a serial or a Telnet connection (refer to “Connecting Through a Serial Port” or “Connecting Through a Telnet Connection” on page 2-9, respectively, of Chapter 2, “Router Installation and Connection”). If the router has not previously been assigned an IP address, you cannot connect through a Telnet session. You must use a serial connection.

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Powering on the Router

When you turn power on to the router, several internal tests are performed by the router and your ISDN line is initialized. After the initialization, the start-up display appears, as illustrated in Figure 3-1.

RAS Version: V1.3 (N.01) | 6/11/97 ethernet address: 00:a0:c5:e0:00:00 Resetting ISDN firmware. Switch Type is DSS1 - ISDN Firmware Version: V 056 Press ENTER to continue...

Figure 3-1. Start-up Display

To continue:

Press [Enter] when prompted.

A login screen is displayed and prompts you to enter a password.

Enter the default password 1234 to reach the main menu of the Manager.

Once you are in the Manager and if there is no activity for longer than 5 minutes, the router automatically logs you out and displays a blank screen. If you see a blank screen, press [Enter] to display the password screen again.

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Navigating the Manager

The Manager is the interface that you use to conﬁgure your router. Table 3-1 lists and describes the commands that enable you to navigate through the menus in the Manager.

Table 3-1. Manager Menu Commands

Action Description

Move forward to another menu

Move back to a previous menu

Move the cursor Press [Enter]. You can also use the Up and Down keys to move to the previous

Enter information There are two types of ﬁelds for entering selected parameters. The ﬁrst requires

Required ﬁelds Some of the ﬁelds in the Manager are essential in order to conﬁgure the router.

N/A ﬁelds Some of the ﬁelds in the Manager show N/A, meaning the option is not

Save your conﬁguration Press [Enter] when prompted to press ENTER to conﬁrm or ESC to cancel. In

Enter the number of the submenu and press [Enter].

Press [Esc]. The only exception is the Main Menu, where typing 99 is the only method to exit from the Manager.

and the next ﬁeld, respectively.

you to enter the appropriate information. The second gives you options to choose from. When choosing options, press the space bar to toggle through the available options.

The required ﬁelds initially show a question mark (?), indicating that the information must be ﬁlled in before that menu can be saved.

available.

most cases, saving the data on the screen takes you to the previous menu.

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The Manager Main Menu is illustrated in Figure 3-2.

Figure 3-2. Mana ger Main Menu

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Manager Menu Summary

Table 3-2 describes the top-level Manager menus.

Table 3-2. Manager Menu Summary

Number Menu Title Description

1 General Setup This menu is accessed to set up general information and enable

2 ISDN Setup This menu is accessed to set up ISDN conﬁgurations. 3 Ethernet Setup This menu is accessed to set up Ethernet conﬁgurations.

4 Internet Access Setup This menu provides a quick and easy way to set up an Internet

11 Remote Node Setup This menu is accessed to set up a remote node for a LAN-to-LAN

12 Static Routing Setup This menu is accessed to set up static routes. The router supports

13 Default Dial-in Setup This menu is accessed to set up default dial-in parameters so that

14 Dial-in User Setup This menu is accessed to set up remote dial-in users. The router has

21 Filter Set Conﬁguration This menu is accessed to set up ﬁlters to be used in Menu 3 and

23 System Security This menu is accessed to set up security-related parameters. 24 System Maintenance This menu is accessed to provide system status, diagnostics, and

Exit This menu is accessed to exit from the Manager.

speciﬁc protocol routing or bridging.

connection.

connection including Internet connection. The router has four remote nodes.

four static routes for each protocol.

your router can be a dial-in server for the remote node and remote dial-in user.

eight remote dial-in users.

Menu 11 to provide such features as security and call control.

ﬁrmware upload.

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General Setup Menu

The General Setup Menu contains administrative and system-related information. To enter administrative and system-related information:

Enter 1 from the Main Menu to display Menu 1 - General Setup, as illustrated in Figure 3-3.

Figure 3-3. Menu 1 - General Setup

Enter the system name in the System Name ﬁeld of the menu.

For identiﬁcation purposes, choose a descriptive name for the router, such as RT328 or RH348. The name should be no more than 8 alphanumeric characters. Spaces are not allowed, but dashes ( - ) and underscores ( _ ) are accepted. The name can be used for CHAP authentication and is displayed as the prompt in the Command Mode.

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ISDN Menus

Menu 2 is for conﬁguring your ISDN line. Depending on what switch the telephone company has for your particular installation, you may have more than one telephone number. If you are in North America, you may also have SPIDs (Service Proﬁle Identiﬁers). Make sure that you have correct and complete telephone numbers and SPIDs. You must complete the ISDN setup before your system can make an outgoing call or answer an incoming call.

North American ISDN Menu

Use the commands described in Table 3-1 and Table 3-2 to display the ISDN Setup menu for North America. Table 3-3 lists and describes each ﬁeld in the menu and how to enter the information in each ﬁeld.

Table 3-3. ISDN Setup Menu Parameters for North America

Field Description

Switch Type Verify the switch type information with your telephone company. For North America,

select the type of switch used by your telephone company. Press the space bar to cycle through the choices, and then press [Enter]. If your line is conﬁgured for National ISDN (NI-1) Protocol, choose the NI-1 setting. Otherwise, choose Custom.

B Channel Usage

Telephone Number(s)

SPID Number(s) SPID (Service Proﬁle Identiﬁer) is a number used by a switch f or identiﬁcation purposes.

Analog Call This ﬁeld tells the router how to route an incoming analog call. Set to Phone 1 if you

Switch/Switch should be selected unless one or both B channels are a leased circuit. Toggling this parameter using the Space bar will cycle through all combinations of Switch, Leased, and Unused.

Enter the telephone number(s) assigned to your ISDN line by your telephone company. For North America, these phone numbers should be in a standard seven-digit local format without area code (for example, 5551212). The router accepts only digits. Do not include dashes ( - ) and spaces in this ﬁeld. This ﬁeld should be no longer than 19 digits.

Depending on your switch type, y ou may have z ero, one, or two SPIDs assigned to your line.

want to route the incoming analog call for this telephone number to the PHONE 1 port (POTS port in North America and A/B Adapter in Europe). Set to Phone 2 if you want to route the incoming analog call for this telephone number to the PHONE 2 port. Set to DOVBS if you want to receive an incoming data over voice bearer service call.

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Figure 3-4 shows Menu 2 - ISDN Setup for North America.

Figure 3-4. Menu 2 - ISDN Setup for North America

DSS1 ISDN Menu

Use the commands described in Table 3-1 and Table 3-2 to display Menu 2 - ISDN Setup for DSS1. When you ﬁnish entering the information for all the ﬁelds, do the following on both menus:

• Press [Enter] at the Press ENTER to Conﬁrm prompt to save your selections. or

• Press [Esc] to cancel. When you press [Enter], the router uses the information that you enter to initialize the ISDN

link to the telephone company switch. The router asks if you want to test whether or not your ISDN line has been successfully

connected to your router. When you select Yes, the router performs a loopback test to check the ISDN line. If the loopback test fails, note the error message that you receive and take the appropriate troubleshooting action. Refer to Chapter 10 for troubleshooting information.

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Table 3-4 lists and describes the ﬁelds and ﬁeld descriptions for Menu 2 - ISDN Setup.

Table 3-4. ISDN Setup Field Descriptions

Field Description

Switch Type This ﬁeld is ﬁxed as DSS1. B Channel Usage Switch/switch should be selected unless one or both B channels are a leased circuit.

Toggling this parameter using the Space bar will cycle through all combinations of Switch, Leased, and Unused.

ISDN Data and Subaddress

A/B Adapter 1 and Subaddress

A/B Adapter 2 and Subaddress

Dial Preﬁx to Access Outside Line

PABX Number (with S/T Bus Number)

Incoming Phone Number Matching

Enter the telephone number and subaddress assigned to the ISDN data call for the router. It is used as the outgoing CGPN (Calling Party Number) setting for the ISDN data call. The router accepts only digits. Do not include dashes ( - ) and spaces in this ﬁeld. This ﬁeld should be no longer than 19 digits for the number and 5 digits for the subaddress.

Enter the telephone number and subaddress assigned to the A/B Adapter 1 (POTS port 1) call for the router. It is used as the outgoing CGPN (Calling Party Number) setting for the A/B Adapter 1 call.

Enter the telephone number and subaddress assigned to the A/B Adapter 2 (POTS port 2) call for the router. It is used as the outgoing CGPN (Calling Party Number) setting for the A/B Adapter 2 call.

Enter the preﬁx number if the router is connected to an ISDN PABX. This number is added to all outgoing calls and should be no longer than 4 digits. If the router is not connected to an ISDN PABX, leave this ﬁeld blank.

Enter the S/T bus number if the router is connected to an ISDN PABX. If this ﬁeld is left blank, the loopback test is skipped.

There are three options in this ﬁeld:

• Multiple Subscriber Number (MSN): The digital call is answered only when there is a match for the ISDN data number . The analog call is answered as the A/B Adapter 1 call when there is a match for the A/B Adapter 1 number. It is answered as the A/B Adapter 2 call when there is a match for the A/B Adapter 2 number. If an A/B Adapter 1 or 2 number is not speciﬁed, the analog call is not answered.

• Called Party Sub-Address (CDSA): The digital call is answered when there is a match for the ISDN Data subaddress. The analog call is answered as the A/B Adapter 1 call when there is a match for the A/B Adapter 1 subaddress. The analog call is answered as the A/B Adapter 2 call when there is a match for the A/B Adapter 2 subaddress. If an A/B Adapter 1 or 2 subaddress is not speciﬁed, the analog call is not answered.

• Don’t care - all numbers accepted: All digital calls, including global calls (without CDPN and CDSA in the call setup) to any CDPN (Called Party Number) are answered. All analog calls are routed to either the A/B Adapter 1 or A/B Adapter 2, or they are not answered. Answering analog calls depends on the setting of Analog Call Routing. All global analog calls either accept the numbers or do not answer them depending on the setting of Global Analog Call.

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Table 3-4. ISDN Setup Field Descriptions (continued)

Field Description

Analog Call Routing All analog calls are routed to the A/B Adapter 1 if the setting is A/B Adapter 1. The

calls are routed to the A/B Adapter 2 if the setting is A/B Adapter 2. They are not answered if the setting is Ignore.

Global Analog Call All global analog calls are answered and routed to the A/B Adapter 1 or A/B Adapter

2 (the setting in the ﬁeld of Analog Call Routing) if the setting is Accept. They are not answered if the setting is Ignore.

Figure 3-5 shows Menu 2 - ISDN Setup for DSS1.

Figure 3-5. Menu 2 - ISDN Setup for DSS1

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Ethernet Setup

Menu 3 is for conﬁguring the Ethernet LAN parameters, including interface type, ﬁlters, DHCP, and IP address information. From the Main Menu, enter 3 to display Menu 3 – Ethernet Setup. There are two submenus: Menu 3.1 – General Setup and Menu 3.2 – TCP/IP and DHCP Setup. Refer to the following sections for descriptions of these submenus. Refer to Table 3-1 on page 3-3 for information about navigating through the menus.

General Setup Menu

The General Setup Menu determines the type of Ethernet interface you are using and the ﬁlter sets you want to implement to monitor your Ethernet trafﬁc. Refer to Table 3-6 for a description of each ﬁeld in this menu.

Table 3-5 lists and describes the interface and ﬁlter choices in the Ethernet General Setup menu.

Table 3-5. Ethernet General Setup Menu Fields

Field Description

Ethernet Interface (Model RT328 router only)

Input and Output Filters Sets

The router supports two types of Ethernet connections, AUI (15-pin) or UTP 10BASE-T (telephone type connector). Determine which type you are using and select the appropriate option in this ﬁeld.

Input and Output Filter Sets: Filter sets are used to block certain packets, to reduce trafﬁc, and to prevent a security breach. Leave these ﬁelds blank until you have conﬁgured the ﬁlters. Refer to Chapter 8, “Filter Conﬁguration,” for more information about conﬁguring ﬁlters.

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DHCP and TCP/IP Setup

The router has the capability to act as a DHCP server, allowing it to assign IP, DNS, and Default Gateway addresses to attached PCs or workstations. The assigned Default Gateway address is the LAN address of the router, as set in the TCP/IP section. Each pool address is tested before it is assigned to avoid duplicate addresses on the LAN.

If you are setting up your network for the ﬁrst time, read about IP addresses starting with“IP Addresses and the Internet” on page 1-7 and “IP Conﬁguration by DHCP” on page 1-15 for an explanation of DHCP and information about how to assign IP addresses for your network.

Table 3-6 lists and describes the ﬁelds to use for setting up TCP/IP parameters. When you ﬁnish entering information in all of the ﬁelds, press [Enter] at the prompt Press ENTER to Conﬁrm. Your selections are saved. Press [Esc] at any time to cancel the entries you have made.

Table 3-6. Menu 3 - Ethernet Setup Menu Fields

Field Description

DHCP Setup:

DHCP If set to Server, the router acts as a DHCP server. Client IP Pool Starting

Address Size of Client IP Pool This ﬁeld is the number of sequential addresses available for

Primary DNS Server If you want the router to assign the Primary DNS Server address to

Secondary DNS Server If you want the router to assign the Secondary DNS Server address

TCP/IP Setup:

IP Address Enter the IP address of the LAN interface of the router in dotted-decimal

IP Subnet Mask An IP address consists of two parts, the network ID and the host ID. The

This ﬁeld is the beginning of the range of addresses to assign.

assignment to attached hosts. The maximum is 32.

attached hosts, enter the address in this ﬁeld.

to attached hosts, enter the address in this ﬁeld.

notation (four 8-bit numbers, between 0 and 255, separated by periods, for example, 192.168.135.5). Every device on the TCP/IP network must have a unique IP address.

IP Subnet Mask speciﬁes the network ID portion of the address, written in dotted-decimal notation. The router automatically calculates this mask for the class of the IP address that you assign. Unless you have a special need for subnetting, use the default subnet mask calculated by the router. All hosts on the LAN segment should use the same mask.

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Table 3-6. Menu 3 - Ethernet Setup Menu Fields (continued)

Field Description

TCP/IP Setup (continued)

RIP Direction This parameter determines how the router handles RIP (Routing

RIP Version This ﬁeld determines how the router handles RIP (Routing Information

Information Protocol). If set to Both (default), the router broadcasts the routing table of the router on the LAN and incorporates RIP broadcasts by other routers into its routing table. If set to In Only, the router broadcasts its routing table on the LAN. If set to Out Only, the router broadcasts its routing table, but it ignores any RIP broadcast packets that it receives. If set to None, the router does not participate in any RIP exchange with other routers. Usually, you should leave this parameter at the default (Both) and let RIP propagate the routing information automatically

Protocol). The following RIP options are supported by the Model RT328/RH348 router:

• RIP-1—The router will accept and send RIP-1 messages only.

• RIP-2B—The router will accept RIP-1 and RIP-2 messages (both broadcast and multicast) and send RIP-2 messages in broadcast format.

• RIP-2M—The router will accept RIP-1 and RIP-2 messages (both broadcast and multicast) and send RIP-2 messages in multicast format.

For most applications, the recommended version is RIP-2B. Select RIP-1 if other connected routers or workstations have problems with RIP-2. Select RIP-2M only in a pure RIP-2 environment.

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Manager Password Setup

To change the Manager password:

Select option 23 (System Security) from the main menu. Enter 1 to display Menu 23.1 - System Security - Change Password.

Enter your previous system password and press [Enter].

Enter your new system password and press [Enter]. Enter your new system password again for conﬁrmation and press [Enter].

You must enter this new password when you want to access the Manager through the serial port or by a Telnet connection.

If you lose or forget the Manager password, you must clear the conﬁguration of the router as described in Chapter 10, “Troubleshooting. ” Clearing the conﬁguration will cause the Manager password to revert to the factory default, 1234.

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This chapter provides information to help you conﬁgure your Model RT328/RH348 router for Internet access.

Chapter 4

Conﬁguration for Internet Access

Information Checklist

Use Menu 4 of the Manager to conﬁgure Internet access. Before you conﬁgure the router for Internet access, make sure your ISP (Internet service provider) provides you with the following information:

• For your router – IP address of the gateway of your ISP (optional) – Telephone number(s) of your ISP – Login name – Password for authentication

• For your workstation – IP address of the Domain Name Server (DNS) of your ISP

NETGEAR recommends that you review the information about IP addressing starting with “IP Addresses and the Internet” on page 1-7.

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Internet Access Conﬁguration

You can conﬁgure the router for access to an Internet service provider (ISP) using Menu 4, Internet Access Setup. When you complete this menu, the router will automatically add a Remote Node for your ISP in Menu 11, using typical ISP conﬁguration parameters in addition to those you have speciﬁed in Menu 4. The router will also create a default static route for the ISP in Menu 12. After completing Menu 4, you may go to Menus 11 and 12 and make modiﬁcations to any of the parameters. However, if you return to Menu 4, make changes, and then save them, the ISP-related entries in Menu 11 and 12 will once again be programmed to typical ISP conﬁguration parameters, possibly reversing any changes you have made to those menus.

To conﬁgure your router for Internet access:

Enter 4 from the Main Menu to display Menu 4 - Internet Access Setup.

Enter the name of your ISP in the ISPs Name ﬁeld (for example, mysip).

This information is for identiﬁcation purposes only.

Enter the IP Address of the remote gateway at the point of presence (POP) of the ISP in

the ISP IP Addr ﬁeld (optional).

If you do not have this data, you can leave it blank.

Enter a primary phone number and a secondary phone number in the Pri(mary) Phone # and Sec(ondary) Phone Number ﬁelds.

Both the primary and the secondary phone number refer to the number that the router dials to connect to the ISP. The router calls your ISP using the primary phone number ﬁrst. If the primary phone number is busy or does not answer, the router calls the secondary phone number if available. The secondary number is not necessarily the number your router will dial to add additional bandwidth for a Multilink call. If the called router supports BACP, that router will provide the dial number for a second call.

Note:

In North America, you should enter the full long distance number (1 + area code),

even if it is a local call. Otherwise, in some areas, the call is placed as a 56K call.

Enter your login name in the My Login Name ﬁeld.

Enter the login name given to you by your ISP.

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Enter your password in the My Password ﬁeld.

Enter the password associated with the login name from your ISP.

Enter single-user account information in the Single User Account ﬁeld.

Refer to“Single IP Address Operation Using NAT” on page 1-13 and “Conﬁguration for Single User Account” on the next page for more information about the Single User Account ﬁeld. The default is No.

Enter the transfer rate in the Telco Options: Transfer Type ﬁeld.

When establishing a call in North America, your router speciﬁes a data rate and the type of call based on this ﬁeld. The following three options are available for this ﬁeld:

• 64K—The router places a 64 Kbps digital data call (default).

• 56K—The router places a 56 Kbps digital data call.

• DOVBS—The router places a 56 Kbps data over voice bearer service (DOVBS) call.

Note:

Some phone companies in North America charge less if calls are made using

DOVBS.

Use the space bar to make a selection in the Multilink ﬁeld.

This ﬁeld determines under which circumstances the router will place an additional call to the ISP in order to increase the bandwidth of the connection. The following three options are available for this ﬁeld:

• Off—The router will place only a single channel call to the ISP.

• BOD—The router will add bandwidth on demand (BOD), placing a second call when the

data rate increases beyond a speciﬁed level for a speciﬁed period. These parameters may be changed using the Edit PPP submenu of Menu 11 – Remote Node Setup Menu.

• Always—The router will always call the ISP using both channels for a 128K connection.

Press [Enter] at the Press ENTER to Conﬁrm... prompt to conﬁrm your selections.

10.

You can also press [Esc] at any time to cancel your selections. The Manager asks if you want to test the Internet connection. If you select Yes, the router calls

the ISP to test the Internet connection. If the test fails, note the error message that you receive and take the appropriate troubleshooting steps.

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Conﬁguration for Single User Account

The Model RT328/RH348 router implements NAT (IP masquerading), allowing the use of a single-user account for Internet access. The steps for conﬁguring your router for single-user Internet access are similar to those for conventional Internet access, with the exception that you need to ﬁll in three extra ﬁelds. To conﬁgure your router for single-user Internet access, follow steps 1 through 6 from the previous section, “Internet Access Conﬁguration.” You must provide the following additional information in step 7 before proceeding to step 8 and step 9:

• Single User Account Enter Yes to enable the Single User Account feature. Use the space bar to toggle between Yes

and No.

• Single User Account: IP Addr If your ISP assigns you a dynamic IP address, enter 0.0.0.0 here. If your ISP assigns you a

static IP address, enter that IP address here.

• Single User Account: Server IP Addr If you want to make your local server (for example, a Web server) accessible to outside users,

enter the IP address of that server here. Incoming packets with destination port numbers not handled by the router will be forwarded to this server address.

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This chapter discusses the protocol-independent parameters used to conﬁgure a remote node. The protocol-dependent (TCP/IP) conﬁguration is covered in a later chapter.

A remote node represents both a remote gateway and the network behind it, across an ISDN connection. A remote node is required for placing calls to a remote network or answering calls from a remote network. When you use Menu 4 to conﬁgure your router for Internet access, the router automatically adds a remote node for you because the ISP falls outside the normal criteria that deﬁne a remote node.

Chapter 5

Remote Node Conﬁguration

Note:

If you access only one remote node (not an ISP), create that remote node using Menu 4 and then edit it with Menu 11. Creating the remote node using Menu 4 and editing it with Menu 11 makes the remote node the default static route.

When a remote node is conﬁgured properly, trafﬁc to the remote LAN triggers the router to make a call automatically (Dial On Demand). Similarly, calls from the remote LAN are answered automatically and security is checked.

To create a remote node:

Enter 11 from the Main Menu to display Menu 11 - Remote Node Setup.

Enter a remote node number (1 to 4) to edit the remote node and to display Submenu

11.1 - Remote Node Proﬁle. Press [Enter] at the Press ENTER to Conﬁrm... prompt to conﬁrm your selections.

Press [Esc] at any time to cancel your selections.

Table 5-1 lists and describes the ﬁelds in the Remote Node Proﬁle menu and explains how to enter the information in each ﬁeld.

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Table 5-1. Menu 11.1 Remote Node Proﬁle Fields

Field Description

Rem Node Name This ﬁeld is required. Enter a descriptive name for the remote node (for example,

MyOfﬁce). This ﬁeld supports up to eight characters. This name must be unique from any other remote node name or remote dial-in user name.

Active Press the space bar to toggle between Yes and No. When a remote node is

deactivated, it has no effect on the operation of the router, even though it is still kept in the database and can be activated in the future. Deactiv ated nodes are displa yed with a minus sign (-) preceding the name in Menu 11.

Call Direction If this parameter is set to Both, the router can place and receive calls to and from

this remote node. If set to Incoming, the router does not place a call to this remote node. If set to Outgoing, the router will drop any call from this remote node. Several other ﬁelds in this menu depend on this parameter. For example, in order to enable Call Back, the Call Direction must be Both.

Incoming:

Rem Login

Name Rem Password Enter the password used when this remote node calls into the router. Rem CLID This ﬁeld is active only if Call Direction is either Both or Incoming. Otherwise, N/A

Call Back This ﬁeld is valid only if Call Direction is Both. Otherwise, N/A appears in the ﬁeld.

Outgoing:

My Login Name This is a required ﬁeld if Call Direction is either Both or Out. Enter the login name

My Password This is a required ﬁeld if Call Direction is either Both or Out. Enter the password

Authen This ﬁeld sets the authentication protocol used for outgoing calls. Options for this

Enter the login name that this remote node will use when it calls into the router.

appears in the ﬁeld. This is the Calling Line ID (the telephone number of the calling party) of this remote node. If you enab le the CLID A uthen ﬁeld in Men u 13 - Def ault Dial In, the router checks this number against the CLID in the incoming call. If they do not match and the CLID Authen is Required, the router rejects the call.

This ﬁeld determines whether or not you want the router to call back after receiving a call from this remote node. If this option is enabled, the router disconnects the initial call from this node and calls the node back at the Outgoing Primary Phone Number.

your router uses when it calls this remote node.

ﬁeld are:

• CHAP/PAP—Router will try CHAP when CHAP is requested by the remote node or PAP when PAP is requested by the remote node (Default).

• PAP—Use PAP only.

• CHAP—Use CHAP only.

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Table 5-1. Menu 11.1 Remote Node Proﬁle Fields (continued)

Field Description

Pri(mary) Phone Number and Sec(ondary) Phone Number

Edit PPP Options To edit the PPP options for this remote node, move the cursor to this ﬁeld, use the

Rem IP Addr This ﬁeld is required on all remote nodes except the ISP node. Enter the IP address

Edit IP Options This ﬁeld edits the parameters of the TCP/IP protocol. Select Yes and press [Enter]

Telco Options:

Transfer Rate When establishing a call in North America, your router speciﬁes a data rate and the

Allocated Budget (min)

Period (hr) This ﬁeld sets the time interval to reset the above outgoing call budget control.

Both the Primary and Secondary Phone numbers refer to the number that the router dials to connect to the remote node. The router calls the remote node using the Primary Phone number ﬁrst. If the Primary Phone number is busy or does not answer, the router calls the Secondary Phone number if available. Note that the secondary number is not necessarily the number your router will dial to add additional bandwidth for a Multilink call. If the called router supports BACP, that router will provide the dial number for a second call. In North America, NETGEAR recommends that you enter 1 and the area code with the number, even if it is a local call. Otherwise, in some areas, the call is placed as a 56K call.

space bar to select Yes, and press [Enter] to display Menu 11.2 - Remote Node PPP Options. For more information about conﬁguring PPP options, see “Editing PPP Options” on page 5-4.

of the router at the remote site. A static route will be created to the network address of that router. Note that if the remote network uses a netmask other than the standard class netmask, you must enter the netmask in the Edit IP Options submenu.

to display Menu 11.3 - Remote Node Network Layer Options. For more information about this screen, refer to Chapter 7, “TCP/IP Conﬁguration.”

type of call based on this ﬁeld. Three options are available for this ﬁeld:

• 64K—The router places a 64 Kbps (kilobits per second) digital data call (default).

• 56K—The router places a 56 Kbps digital data call.

• DOVBS—The router places a 56 Kbps data over voice bearer service (DOVBS) call. Some phone companies in North America charge less if calls are made using DOVBS.

This ﬁeld sets a budget on outgoing call time for the remote node. The default for this ﬁeld is 0 for no budget control.

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Table 5-1. Menu 11.1 Remote Node Proﬁle Fields (continued)

Field Description

Session Options:

Output Filter Sets Call Filter Sets

Idle Timeout (sec) This value speciﬁes the number of idle seconds elapsed before the remote node is

In these ﬁelds, select which ﬁlter set(s) you would like to implement to ﬁlter the incoming and outgoing trafﬁc between this remote node and the router. You can choose from 12 different ﬁlter sets. In addition, you can link up to 4 ﬁlter sets together for further customization (for example, 1, 5, 9, 12). Spaces and commas are accepted in this ﬁeld. The default is blank (no ﬁlters are deﬁned). Refer to Chapter 8, “Filter Conﬁguration,” for more information about conﬁguring ﬁlters.

automatically disconnected. Idle seconds is the period of time where no data is passed between the remote node and your router. Administrative packets such as RIP are not counted as data. The default is 300 seconds (5 minutes).

Editing PPP Options

To edit PPP options:

Select Yes in the Edit PPP Options ﬁeld of Submenu 11.1 - Remote Node Proﬁle. Press [Enter] to display Menu 11.2 Remote Node PPP Options.

Edit the options described in Table 5-2.

Press [Enter] at the Press ENTER to Conﬁrm... prompt to conﬁrm your selections, and return to the previous menu.

Press [Esc] at any time to cancel your selections.

Continue to the end of Menu 11.1 and press [Enter] to save the selections you made in

Menu 11.2.

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Table 5-2 lists and describes each ﬁeld in Menu 11.2 - Remote Node PPP Options. Refer to“Bandwidth on Demand” on page 5-6 for further information about related ﬁelds in this menu.

Table 5-2. Fields in Menu 11.2 - Remote Node PPP Options

Field Description

Encapsulation Select CCP (Compression Control Protocol) for the PPP or MP link. Two options

are available in this ﬁeld:

• Standard PPP—Standard PPP options are used (default).

• CISCO PPP—Cisco Systems PPP options are used. Compression Allows the negotiation of data compression with the remote node router. Multiple Link Options:

BOD Calculation

Base Trans Rate Select the base data transfer rate for this remote node. This parameter is in

Max Trans Rate Enter the maximum data transfer rate allowed for this remote node. This

Target Utility Enter the two thresholds separated by a hyphen ( - ) for subtracting and adding

Add Persist This parameter speciﬁes the number of seconds that trafﬁc must be above the

Subtract Persist This parameter speciﬁes the number of seconds that trafﬁc must be below the

Select the direction of the trafﬁc you want to calculate in order to determine when to add or subtract a link. The default for this ﬁeld is Transmit or Receive.

kilobits per second (Kbps). Two options are available for this ﬁeld:

• 64—Only one channel will be used (default).

• 128—Two channels will be used when a packet triggers a call.

parameter is in kilobits per second. There are two options for this ﬁeld:

• 64—At most, one channel can be used (default).

• 128—A maximum of two channels can be used.

the second channel. The default is 32-48.

adding threshold before the router brings up the second channel. The default is 5 seconds.

subtraction threshold before the router drops the second channel. The default is 5 seconds.

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Bandwidth on Demand

The Bandwidth on Demand (BOD) feature allows you to bundle both B channels in one logical connection. The second channel is added and subtracted dynamically according to trafﬁc demand. The router uses the Bandwidth Allocation Control Protocol (BACP) and the Multilink Protocol (MP) in implementing bandwidth on demand.

The conﬁguration of bandwidth on demand focuses on the Base Transmission Rate (BTR) and the Maximum Transmission Rate (MTR). The relationship between BTR and MTR is shown in Table 5-3.

Table 5-3. Relationship Between BTR and MTR

BTR & MTR Setting

BTR = 64, MTR = 64 1 1 Off BTR = 64, MTR = 128 1 2 On BTR = 128, MTR = 128 2 2 Off

Number of Channels Used to Initiate Call

Max Number of Channels Used

Bandwidth on Demand

When the Bandwidth on Demand feature is enabled, a second channel is brought up if trafﬁc on the initial channel is higher than the high Target Utility number for longer than the speciﬁed Add Persist value. Similarly, the second channel is dropped if the trafﬁc level falls below the low T arget Utility number for longer than the Subtract Persist value.

The Target Utility speciﬁes the line utilization range at which you want the router to add or subtract bandwidth. The range is 30 to 64 Kbps. The parameters are separated by a hyphen ( - ). For example, 30-60 means the add threshold is 60 Kbps and the subtract threshold is 30 Kbps. The router performs bandwidth on demand only if it initiates the call. Addition and subtraction are based on the value set in the BOD Calculation ﬁeld. If this ﬁeld is set to Transmit or Receive, trafﬁc in either direction is calculated to determine if a link should be added or dropped. Transmit uses only outgoing trafﬁc to make this determination, and Receive uses only incoming trafﬁc to make this determination.

5-6 Remote Node Configuration

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You can conﬁgure the router to receive calls from remote dial-in users (for example, telecommuters) and remote nodes. Several differences exist between remote dial-in users and remote nodes:

Chapter 6

Dial-In Conﬁguration

• The router can make calls to or answer calls from the remote node, but the remote dial-in user calls are incoming or callback only.

• Each remote node can have its own set of parameters such as bandwidth on demand, protocol, and security; however, all remote dial-in users share one common set, as deﬁned in the Default Dial In Setup (Menu 13).

• Typically, remote dial-in users are individual users who dial in to the router directly from their workstations; and remote nodes represent networks and are used for LAN-to-LAN connections.

This chapter discusses how to set up default dial-in parameters for both a remote node and a remote dial-in user.

Default Dial-In Setup

This section covers the default dial-in parameters. The parameters in Menu 13 affect incoming calls from all remote dial-in users and remote nodes before authentication is completed. After authentication is completed, if it matches a remote node, the router uses parameters from that particular remote node.

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From the Main Menu, enter 13 to display Menu 13 - Default Dial-in Setup. When you ﬁnish ﬁlling in Menu 13 - Default Dial-in Setup, press [Enter] at the ENTER to

Conﬁrm... prompt to save your selections. You can press [Esc] at any time to cancel your selections.

Table 6-1 lists and describes the ﬁelds in the Default Dial-in Setup menu and explains how to conﬁgure the protocol-independent ﬁelds in this menu.

Table 6-1. Fields in Menu 13 - Default Dial-in Setup

Field Description

Telco Options:

CLID Authen This ﬁeld sets the CLID authentication parameter for all incoming calls.

PPP Options:

Recv Authen This ﬁeld sets the authentication protocol used for incoming calls.

Compression This ﬁeld allows the negotiation of data compression with the equipment of

Mutual Authen Some vendors (for example, Cisco Systems) implement a type of mutual

The three options for this ﬁeld are:

• None—No CLID is required (default).

• Required—You must provide the CLID, or the call is disconnected.

• Preferred—If the CLID is available, it is used to do authentication. If the CLID is not available, the call continues.

The four options for this ﬁeld are:

• CHAP/PAP—The router tries CHAP ﬁrst, but PAP is used if CHAP is not available (default).

• CHAP—Use CHAP only.

• PAP—Use PAP only.

• None—No authentication is required.

the dial-in user.

authentication. That is, the node that initiates the call requests a user name and password from the far end that it is dialing to. If the remote node that is dialing in implements this type of authentication, set this ﬁeld to Yes. Choose one of the following for setting PAP:

• PAP Login—This ﬁeld is enabled only if the Mutual Authen ﬁeld is set to Yes. Enter the login name to be used to respond to the PAP authentication request of the far end. This ﬁeld does not apply to CHAP authentication.

• PAP Password—This ﬁeld is enabled only if the Mutual Authen ﬁeld is set to Yes. Enter the PAP password to be used to respond to the authentication request of the far end. This ﬁeld does not apply to CHAP authentication.

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Table 6-1. Fields in Menu 13 - Default Dial-in Setup (continued)

Field Description

Multiple Link Options:

Max Trans Rate Enter the maximum data transfer rate between your router and the remote

Callback Budget Management:

Allocated Budget (min) This ﬁeld sets a budget callback time for all the remote dial-in users.

Period (hr) This ﬁeld sets the time interval to reset the above callback budget control.

IP Address Supplied By:

Dial-in User

dial-in user in this ﬁeld. The unit is in Kbps. The two options for this ﬁeld are:

• 64—At most, one B channel is used.

• 128—A maximum of two channels can be used (default).

When the router calls back to the remote dial-in user, the maximum data transfer rate is always 64.

The default for this ﬁeld is 0 for no budget control.

If this ﬁeld is set to Yes, the router allows a remote host to specify its own IP address. If this ﬁeld is set to No, the remote host uses the IP address assigned by the router from the IP pool. The default is Yes.

IP Pool

If this ﬁeld is set to Yes, the router provides the remote host with an IP address from the pool. This ﬁeld is required if Dial-In IP Address Supplied By: Dial-in User is set to No. You can conﬁgure this ﬁeld even if Dial-in User is set to Yes, in which case the router accepts the IP address if the remote peer speciﬁes one; otherwise, an IP address is assigned from the pool. The default is No. Choose from the following options to set the IP address and the IP count:

• IP Start Addr—This ﬁeld is active only if you selected Yes in the Dial-In IP Address Supplied By: IP Pool ﬁeld. The IP pool contains contiguous IP addresses, and this ﬁeld speciﬁes the ﬁrst one in the pool.

• IP Count (1,2)—In this ﬁeld, enter the number (1 or 2) of the addresses in the IP pool. For example, if the starting address is 192.168.135.5 and the count is 2, then the pool has 192.168.135.5 and 192.168.135.6.

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Table 6-1. Fields in Menu 13 - Default Dial-in Setup (continued)

Field Description

Session Options:

Input Filter Sets and Output Filter Sets

Idle Timeout This value is the number of idle seconds that elapse before the dial-in user

In these ﬁelds, you can select the ﬁlter set(s) to ﬁlter the incoming and outgoing trafﬁc between your router and the remote dial-in user. These ﬁlter set(s) apply to all remote dial-in users but not the remote nodes. You can choose from 12 different ﬁlter sets. In addition, you can link up to 4 ﬁlter sets together for further customization (For example, 1, 5, 9, 12). Spaces and commas ( , ) are accepted in this ﬁeld. For more information about customizing your ﬁlter sets, see Chapter 8, “Filter Conﬁguration.” The default is blank (no ﬁlters).

is automatically disconnected. Idle timeout is the period of time when there is no data trafﬁc between the dial-in user or remote node and the router. This ﬁeld is used only if the Recv. Authen is set to None and the call is not mapped to any remote node or remote dial-in user or the router calls back to the remote dial-in user.

Dial-In Users Setup

To add a remote dial-in user, enter 14 from the main menu to display Dial-in User Setup. To edit user parameters, select one of the eight users to go to the Edit Dial-in User menu. When you have completed ﬁlling in Menu 14.1 - Edit Dial-in User, press [Enter] at the Press

ENTER to Conﬁrm... prompt to save your selections. You can press [Esc] at any time to cancel your selections.

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Table 6-2 lists and describes the ﬁelds in the Edit Dial-in User menu.

Table 6-2. Fields in Menu 14.1 - Edit Dial-in User

Field Description

User Name This ﬁeld is required and used as the login name for authentication. Choose

Active You can disallow dial-in access to this user by setting this ﬁeld to Inactive.

Password Enter the password in this ﬁeld for the remote dial-in user. Callback This ﬁeld determines whether the router allows callbacks to the user upon

a descriptive word for login (For example, johndoe).

When set to Inactive, the user record is still kept in the database for later activation.

dial-in. Three modes are provided:

• No (default)—The router does not call back to the dial-in user.

• Optional—The router will call back if the dial-in user requests it.

• Mandatory—The router will always disconnect and call back to the dial-in user.

If callback is enabled, the router disconnects the initial call and dials back to the speciﬁed callback number or to a number speciﬁed by the user, depending on which option is set below.

Phone #

Phone # Supplied by Caller

Callback Phone # If the previous ﬁeld (Phone # Supplied by Caller) is No, this ﬁeld is required.

Rem CLID If you have enabled the CLID Authen ﬁeld in Menu 13, you must specify the

Idle Time-out Enter the idle time (in seconds). This timeout determines how long the dial-in

If this ﬁeld is Yes, the Remote Dial-in User must specify the callback telephone number on a call-by-call basis, which is useful when the router returns a call back to a mobile user at different numbers. The default is No (the router always calls back to a ﬁxed callback number). If Callback is No, N/A appears in the ﬁeld.

Otherwise, N/A appears in the ﬁeld. Enter the telephone number that the router should call back.

telephone number from which this remote dial-in user calls. The router checks this number against the CLID in the incoming call. If they do not match and the CLID Authen is Required, the router rejects the call.

user can be idle before the router disconnects the call. Idle time is deﬁned as the period of time when there is no data trafﬁc between the dial-in user and the router. The default is 300 seconds (5 minutes).

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Tcpip.fm Page 1 Tuesday, October 10, 2000 3:24 PM

This chapter describes how to conﬁgure your Model RT328/RH348 router for TCP/IP. Depending on your particular applications, you must conﬁgure different menus. For instance, Internet access is the most common application of TCP/IP. For this application, you should conﬁgure Menu 4. Conﬁgurations for other applications are provided in the following sections.

Chapter 7

TCP/IP Conﬁguration

LAN-to-LAN Application

An example of a typical LAN-to-LAN application is to use the router to call from a branch ofﬁce to the headquarters, as shown in Figure 7-1.

Branch office

Model RT328

router

Figure 7-1. LAN-to-LAN Application

Model RT328

router

For the branch ofﬁce, you must conﬁgure a remote node in order to dial out to the headquarters. Additionally, you may also need to conﬁgure static routes if some services reside beyond the immediate remote LAN.

Corporate

headquarters

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Remote Node Setup

See Chapter 5, “Remote Node Conﬁguration,” for information about using the protocolindependent parameters on Menu 11.1 - Remote Node Proﬁle. Use the ﬁelds described in Table 7-1 to set the protocol-dependent parameters.

If you are conﬁguring the router to receive an incoming call, you must also set the

Note:

default dial-in parameters in Menu 13 (see Chapter 6).

Table 7-1. Fields in Menu 11.1 - Remote Node Proﬁle Fields

Field Description

Rem IP Address Enter the IP address of the router at the remote site. If the remote router uses a

different IP address than the one entered here, the call will be terminated. A static route will be created to the network address of the remote router. Note that if the remote network uses a netmask other than the standard class netmask, you must enter the netmask in the Edit IP Options submenu.

Edit IP Press the space bar to change this ﬁeld to Yes and press [Enter] to display the Menu

11.3 - Remote Node Network Layer Options menu.

To set the protocol-dependent parameters:

Select Yes in the Edit IP ﬁeld of Submenu 11.1 - Remote Node Proﬁle. Press [Enter] to display Menu 11.3 - Remote Node Network Layer Options.

Edit the options described in Table 7-2.

Press [Enter] at the Press ENTER to Conﬁrm... prompt to conﬁrm your selections and return to the previous menu.

Press [Esc] at any time to cancel your selections.

Continue to the end of Menu 11.1 and press [Enter] to save the selections you made in

Menu 11.3.

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Table 7-2 lists and describes the ﬁelds for Menu 11.3 - Remote Node Network Layer Options.

Table 7-2. Menu 11.3 Remote Node Network Layer Options Fields

Field Description

Rem IP Address This read-only ﬁeld shows the IP address you entered for this remote node in the

previous menu.

Rem Subnet Mask This ﬁeld will display the standard class netmask for the network address of the

remote router. If the remote network uses a netmask other than the standard class netmask, you must enter the netmask here.

My WAN Addr Some network implementations require hosts on both ends of the ISDN link to

have separate addresses from the LAN, and these addresses must have the same network number. If this situation, known as numbered links, applies to your network, enter the IP address in this ﬁeld that is assigned to the W AN port of your router. This is the address assigned to the local router, not the remote router.

Single User Account If this ﬁeld is set to Yes, the router performs NAT (IP Address Masquerading)

to this node. See “Single IP Address Operation Using NAT” on page 1-13 for information about the Single User Account feature. The default is No.

Single User Account:

Server IP Addr

Metric The Metric ﬁeld represents the cost of transmission for routing purposes. IP

Private This ﬁeld determines if the router includes the route to this remote node in its RIP

If you have selected Single User Account and want to make your local server accessible to outside users, enter the IP address of that server here. Incoming packets with destination port numbers not handled by the router will be forw arded to this server address.

routing uses hop count as the measurement of cost, with a minimum of 1 for directly connected networks. Enter a number in this ﬁeld that approximates the cost for this link. The number need not be precise, but it must be between 1 and

16. In practice, 2 or 3 is usually a good number.

broadcasts. If set to Yes, this route is kept private and not included in any RIP broadcast. If set to No, the route to this remote node is propagated to other hosts through RIP broadcasts.

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Table 7-2. Menu 11.3 Remote Node Network Layer Options Fields (continued)

Field Description

RIP:

RIP Direction

RIP Version This ﬁeld determines how the router handles RIP (Routing Information Protocol).

This parameter determines how the router handles RIP (Routing Information Protocol). If set to Both (default), the router broadcasts the routing table of the router on the LAN and incorporates RIP broadcasts by other routers into its routing table. If set to In Only, the router broadcasts its routing table on the LAN. If set to Out Only, the router broadcasts its routing table, but it ignores any RIP broadcast packets that it receives . If set to None , the router does not participate in any RIP exchange with other routers. Usually, you should leave this parameter at the default (Both) and let RIP propagate the routing information automatically

The following RIP options are supported by the Model RT328/RH348 router:

• RIP-1—The router will accept and send RIP-1 messages only.

• RIP-2B—The router will accept RIP-1 and RIP-2 messages (both broadcast and multicast), and send RIP-2 messages in broadcast format.

• RIP-2M—The router will accept RIP-1 and RIP-2 messages (both broadcast and multicast), and send RIP-2 messages in multicast format.

For most applications, the recommended version is RIP-2B. Select RIP-1 if other connected routers or workstations have problems with RIP-2. Select RIP-2M only in a pure RIP-2 environment.

Static Route Setup

On a directly connected internetwork, RIP usually handles the routing automatically. However, RIP cannot propagate across isolated networks, as in the case before a connection is made between two subnetworks using one Class C IP address. Without a route, no packets can be forwarded to their destinations. A static route is used to resolve this problem by providing the router with some static routing information. When you conﬁgure for Internet access or a remote node, a static route is implicitly created by the router.

Under normal circumstances, the router has adequate routing information after you conﬁgure the Internet access and remote nodes, and you do not need to conﬁgure additional static routes. You must conﬁgure static routes only for unusual cases (for example, subnetting). To view the routes in the routing table, go to the Command Interpreter Mode (Menu 24.8) and type “ip route stat.” After viewing the table, type “exit” to return to the menus. To create additional static routes for IP , use Menu 12 - Static Route Setup. Select an unused number from the menu, and a new menu appears. This menu is Menu 12.1, the Edit IP Static Route menu.

When you complete the menu, press [Enter] at the Press ENTER to Conﬁrm... prompt to save your selections, or press [Esc] at any time to cancel your selections.

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Table 7-3 lists and describes the ﬁelds for Menu 12.1 - Edit IP Static Route.

Table 7-3. Edit IP Static Route Menu Fields

Field Description

Route Name Enter a descriptive name for this route for identiﬁcation purposes only. Active This ﬁeld allows you to activate or deactivate this static route. Destination IP Address This ﬁeld speciﬁes the IP network address of the ﬁnal destination. Routing is

IP Subnet Mask Enter the subnet mask for this destination. For more inf ormation about setting

Gateway IP Address Enter the IP address of the gateway. The gateway is an immediate neighbor

Metric The Metric ﬁeld represents the cost of transmission for routing purposes. IP

Private This ﬁeld determines if the router includes the route to this remote node in its

always based on network number. If you need to specify a route to a single host, use a subnet mask of 255.255.255.255 in the subnet mask ﬁeld to force the network number to be identical to the host ID.

IP subnet masks, see “Subnet Addressing” on page 1-10.

of the router that forwards the packet to the destination. On the LAN, the gateway m ust be a router on the same segment as the router . Ov er ISDN, the gateway must be the IP address of one of the remote nodes.

routing uses hop counts as the measurement of cost, with a minimum of 1 for directly connected networks. Enter a number that approximates the cost for this link. The number does not have to be precise, but it must be between 1 and 16. In practice, 2 or 3 is usually a good number.

RIP broadcasts. If set to Yes, this route is kept private and not included in an y RIP broadcast. If set to No, the route to this remote node is propagated to other hosts through RIP broadcasts.

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Filter.fm Page 1 Tuesday, October 10, 2000 3:25 PM

This chapter provides information about using ﬁlters and conﬁguring ﬁlters for your Model RT328/RH348 router.

The router uses ﬁlters to decide whether to allow passage of a data packet and/or to make a call over the ISDN line. Three types of ﬁlters are involved: incoming data ﬁlters, outgoing data ﬁlters, and call ﬁlters. Data ﬁlters screen the data to determine if the packet should be allowed to pass. Call ﬁlters are used to determine if a call should be placed.

Chapter 8

Filter Conﬁguration

Outgoing packets must pass through the data ﬁlters before they encounter call ﬁlters. The call ﬁlters are divided into two groups: default call ﬁlters and user-deﬁned call ﬁlters. The Model RT328/RH348 router has default call ﬁlters that ﬁlter out administrative packets (for example, RIP packets). The router applies the default ﬁlters ﬁrst and then, if applicable, applies the user-deﬁned call ﬁlters as shown in Figure 8-1.

Call filters

Outgoing

packet

Data

filters

Drop

packet

match

Built-in

default call

filters

MatchMatch

Drop packet if line not up

match

Send packet

but do not

reset idle timer

Figure 8-1. Outgoing Packet Filtering Process

User-defined

call filters

(if applicable)

Match

Drop packet if line not up

match

Send packet

but do not

reset idle timer

Active data

Initiate call

if line not up

Send packet

and reset idle timer

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For incoming packets, the router applies data ﬁlters only. Packets are processed depending on whether a match is made. The router allows you to customize the ﬁlter sets that you want to use. The following sections describe how to conﬁgure the ﬁlter sets for the router.

Router Filter Structure

You can conﬁgure up to 12 ﬁlter sets, each with up to six rules. For IP packets, these rules involve comparing the protocol type of a data packet (for example, TCP, UDP), source or destination addresses, or port numbers. Also, a generic ﬁlter may be deﬁned to merely test for a byte or pattern of bytes in a particular location in the packet. When a rule is met (or not met), a user-speciﬁed action is taken. This action may be to forward the packet, drop the packet, or go to the next rule.

When implementing these ﬁlter sets, you can link up to four of the ﬁlter sets together to screen the data packet. Therefore, with each ﬁlter set having up to six rules, you can have a maximum of 24 rules active for a single ﬁltering application.

Conﬁguring a Filter Set

To conﬁgure a ﬁlter set, select option 21 in the Main Menu. This selection brings up Menu 21 Filter Set Conﬁguration. From this menu, you can choose from among 12 ﬁlter sets. Select the ﬁlter that you want to conﬁgure or choose an unused set to create a new ﬁlter. In order to distinguish between the 12 ﬁlter sets, each ﬁlter set should have a name or some comments. When you select a set for editing, you will be prompted to provide some descriptive text to be displayed in the comment ﬁeld of Menu 21 next to the ﬁlter number.

When you have ﬁnished ﬁlling in the Edit Comments ﬁeld, press [Enter] at the Press ENTER to Conﬁrm... prompt to conﬁrm your selections, or press [Esc] at any time to cancel your selections. The new information will now be displayed in the read-only section of Menu 21 - Filter Set Conﬁguration.

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When you press [Enter], Menu 21.1 - Filter Rules Summary is displayed. The information in this menu is read-only; the parameters of each rule that you conﬁgured for that set are displayed.

Table 8-1 lists and describes the abbreviations used in Menu 21.1 - Filter Rules Summary.

Table 8-1. Abbreviations Used in Menu 21.1 - Filter Rules Summary

Abbreviation Description

# Refers to the ﬁlter rule number (1–6). A Refers to Active. Y means the ﬁlter rule is active, and N means the ﬁlter rule is inactive. Type Refers to the type of ﬁlter rule and can display GEN for generic or IP for TCP/IP. Filter Rules The ﬁlter rule parameters are displayed here. M Ref ers to More . Y means there are more rules to check. N means there are no rules to

check.

m Refers to Action Matched. F means to forward the packet, D means to drop the

packet, and N means to check the next rule.

n Refers to Action Not Matched. F means to forward the packet, D means to drop the

packet, and N means to check the next rule.

For more information about ﬁlter rules, refer to “Conﬁguring a Filter Rule,” on page 8-4. If the ﬁlter type is IP (TCP/IP), the abbreviations listed in Table 8-2 are used.

Table 8-2. Abbreviations Used if Filter Type Is IP

Abbreviation Description

Pr Protocol SA Source Address SP Source Port number DA Destination Address

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If the ﬁlter type is GEN (generic), the abbreviations listed in Table 8-3 are used.

Table 8-3. Abbreviations Used if Filter Type Is GEN

Abbreviation Description

Off Offset Len Length

To conﬁgure a speciﬁc ﬁlter rule, select the number of the ﬁlter rule (1–6) that you want to conﬁgure and press [Enter] to display Menu 21.1.1 - TCP/IP Filter Rule.

Conﬁguring a Filter Rule

You can conﬁgure two types of ﬁlter rules. Some of the parameters differ depending on the type of rule. When you ﬁrst enter the ﬁlter rule menu, Menu 21.1.1 - TCP/IP Filter Rule is displayed. If you want to conﬁgure another type of ﬁlter rule, select the appropriate type by pressing the space bar under the Filter Type ﬁeld and then pressing [Enter] to display the menu for the ﬁlter rule you want to enter.

TCP/IP Filter Rule

This section provides information about how to conﬁgure a TCP/IP ﬁlter rule for your router. The ﬁelds in the menu are given in Table 8-4. When you have completed Menu 21.1.1 - TCP/IP Filter Rule, press [Enter] at the Press ENTER to Conﬁrm...prompt to conﬁrm your selections. You can press [Esc] at any time to cancel your selections. The data you entered on Menu 21.1.1 - TCP/IP Filter Rule is displayed on Menu 21.1 - Filter Rules Summary.

Table 8-4 lists and describes the TCP/IP Filter Rule menu ﬁelds and a description of each ﬁeld.

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Table 8-4. TCP/IP Filter Rule Menu Fields

Field Descriptions

Active In this ﬁeld, you can make the ﬁlter rule active (Yes) or make the ﬁlter rule inactive (No). IP Protocol Protocol refers to the IP-speciﬁc number of the protocol. The range for the value

entered in this ﬁeld should be between 0 and 255 (for example, 6 refers to the TCP

protocol). IP Source Route Yes or No in this ﬁeld determines whether to check the source route. Destination:

IP Addr In this ﬁeld, enter the destination IP address of the packet you want to ﬁlter. The

address is usually written in dotted-decimal notation such as a.b.c.d where a, b, c, and

d are numbers between 0 and 255.

IP Mask In this ﬁeld, enter the IP subnet mask that will be used to mask the bits of the

IP address given in Destination: IP Addr. Refer to Chapter 1, “Introduction,” for more

information.

Port # In this ﬁeld, enter the destination port of the packets that you want to ﬁlter. The range of

this ﬁeld is 0 to 65535.

Port # Comp In this ﬁeld, select the comparison quantiﬁer you want to enable to compare to the value

given in Destination: Port #. There are ﬁve options for this ﬁeld:

• None (default)

• Less

• Greater

• Equal

• Not Equal

Source:

IP Addr In this ﬁeld, enter the source IP address of the packet you want to ﬁlter. The IP address

is usually written in dotted-decimal notation such as a.b.c.d where a, b, c, and d are

numbers between 0 and 255.

IP Mask In this ﬁeld, enter the IP subnet mask that is used to mask the bits of the IP Address

given in Source: IP Addr. See “Netmask” on page 1-9 for information about IP subnet

masks.

Port # In this ﬁeld, enter the source port of the packets that you want to ﬁlter. The range of this

ﬁeld is 0 to 65535.

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Table 8-4. TCP/IP Filter Rule Menu Fields (continued)

Field Descriptions

Source (continued):

Port # Comp In this ﬁeld, select the comparison quantiﬁer you want to use to compare to the value

given in Source: Port #. There are ﬁve options for this ﬁeld:

• None (Default)

• Less

• Greater

• Equal

• Not Equal

TCP Estab This ﬁeld is dependent upon the IP Protocol ﬁeld. This ﬁeld is inactive (N/A) unless the

value in that ﬁeld is 6 (TCP protocol). In this ﬁeld, you determine what type of TCP

packets to ﬁlter. There are two options:

• Yes—Filter match only established TCP connections

• No—Filter match both initial and established TCP connections (Default)

More In this ﬁeld, you can determine if you want to pass the packet through the next ﬁlter rule

before an action is taken. Two options are available for this ﬁeld:

•Yes

• No (default)

If More is Yes, then Action Matched and Action Not Matched is N/A. Log In this ﬁeld, you can determine if you want to log the results of packets attempting to

pass the ﬁlter rule. These results are displayed on the System Log (see “View Error

Log” on page 9-4). Seven options are available for this ﬁeld:

• None—No packets are logged (default).

• Action Matched—Only packets that match the rule parameters are logged.

• Action Not Matched—Only packets that do not match the rule parameters are logged. Both—All packets are logged.

• Check Next Rule (default)

• Forward

• Drop

Action Matched Action Not Matched

If the conditions for the ﬁlter rule are not met, you can specify what to do with the packet. There are three options for this ﬁeld:

• Check Next Rule (default)

• Forward

• Drop

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Generic Filter Rule

This section provides information about conﬁguring the protocol-independent parameters for a generic ﬁlter rule for your router. Table 8-5 lists the ﬁelds in the menu. When you complete Menu 21.1.1 - Generic Filter Rule, press [Enter] at the Press ENTER to Conﬁrm... prompt to conﬁrm your selections. Press [Esc] at any time to cancel your selections. The data entered is displayed on Menu 21.1 - Filter Rules Summary.

Table 8-5. Generic Filter Rule Menu Fields

Field Description

Active In this ﬁeld, you can make the ﬁlter rule active (Yes) or inactive (No). Offset Offset refers to the value of the byte that you w ant to use as y our starting offset. That is,

in the data packet, at what point do you want to begin the comparison. The range for this ﬁeld is from 0 to 255. Default = 0.

Length This ﬁeld refers to the length (in bytes) of the data in the packet that the router should

use for comparison and masking. The starting point of this data is determined by Offset. The range for this ﬁeld is 0 to 8. Default = 0.

Mask In this ﬁeld, specify (in hexadecimal) the value that the router should logically qualify

and the data in the packet. Because length is given in bytes, enter a hexadecimal number that is twice the speciﬁed length for numbers in this ﬁeld. For example, if length is 4, a valid Mask must have 8 hexadecimal numbers (1155ABF8).

Value In this ﬁeld, specify (in hexadecimal) the value that the router should use to compare

with the masked packet. The value should align with Offset. Because length is given in bytes, you need to enter twice the length in hexadecimal numbers for this ﬁeld. For example, if length is 4, a valid Value must have 8 hexadecimal numbers (1155ABF8). If the result from the masked packet matches Value, then the packet is considered matched.

More In this ﬁeld, you can determine whether to pass the packet through the next ﬁlter rule

before an action is taken. There are two options for this ﬁeld:

•Yes

• No (Default)

If Yes is selected for this ﬁeld, Action Matched and Action Not Matched will be N/A.

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Table 8-5. Generic Filter Rule Menu Fields (continued)

Field Description

pass the ﬁlter rule. These results are displayed on the System Log (see “View Error Log” on page 9-4). Seven options are available for this ﬁeld:

• None—No packets are logged (default).

• Action Matched—Only packets that match the rule parameters are logged.

• Action Not Matched—Only packets that do not match the rule parameters are logged.

• Both—All packets are logged.

• Check Next Rule (default)

• Forward

• Drop

Action Matched, Action Not Matched

If the conditions for the ﬁlter rule are not met, you can specify what to do with the packet. Three options are available for this ﬁeld:

• Check Next Rule (default)

• Forward

• Drop

Applying a Filter Set

After conﬁguring a ﬁlter set in Menu 21, you must specify where and how the ﬁlter will be used. Data ﬁlters can be applied either at the LAN interface (in Menu 3.1) or at the Remote Node interface (Menu 11.1) and can be speciﬁed for incoming or outgoing packets. Call ﬁlters, which determine whether or not to place a call to forward the packet, are applied at the Remote Node interface (Menu 11.1). Up to four ﬁlter sets can be applied to the same port by entering the numbers of the desired ﬁlter sets, separated by commas, with no spaces. In the following example, the Remote Node Proﬁle line of Menu 11.1 speciﬁes that ﬁlter sets 1, 3, and 10 are used to determine whether a packet causes a call to be placed to the Remote Node.

Call Filter Sets = 1,3,10

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Reducing Unnecessary Calls by Windows 95

One example of when to apply a ﬁlter set is reducing unnecessary calls by Windows

95. When using Windows 95 with a dial-up ISDN router, you may need to make some conﬁguration changes to avoid having ISDN calls placed unnecessarily. Most of these unnecessary calls are caused by PCs on the LAN trying to perform local NetBIOS name resolution, either in response to a user action (browsing the Network Neighborhood or turning a PC on or off, for example) or as periodic background activity. In some cases, this NetBIOS activity can be kept local by other means, such as conﬁguring a WINS or DNS server on the local network, using an LMHOSTS ﬁle to store addresses of local hosts, or turning off NetBIOS name resolution by DNS. A simpler method is to ﬁlter NetBIOS trafﬁc using the ﬁltering capabilities of your Model RT328/RH348 router.

Diagnosing the Situation

If you already know the source or types of packets that are causing the problem, you can proceed directly to the design of the ﬁlter. Otherwise, you can use a sniffer or the router’s built-in tools to determine the source. A particularly useful tool is the display in Menu 24.1 of the “LAN Packet Which Triggered Last Call.” Figure 8-2 illustrates the header of the packet that caused an unwanted call to be placed.

LAN Packet Which Triggered Last Call: (Type: IP) 45 00 00 3E 9E 05 00 00 1F 11 CC 9D 8D FB 17 12 CF 45 BC B9 00 89 00 35 00 2A 63 C8 01 85 01 00 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 0A 53 41 4E 54 41 43 4C

Figure 8-2. LAN Packet Which Triggered Last Call

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You can wait until an erroneous call is placed, then examine this packet header to determine the source and cause. The IP packet header contains information such as the next-level protocol type (for example, ICMP, TCP, UDP), source and destination addresses, and source and destination port numbers. Analyzing this data reveals the cause of the call, which provides the user with an approach to eliminating the calls. For example, the ﬁrst line of the packet shows the following (hex values converted to decimal):

• 45 00 00 3E 9E 05 00 00 1F 11 CC 9D 8D FB 17 12 CF 45 BC B9 00 89 00 35

Bold characters denote

protocol (17, or 11h =UDP).

• 45 00 00 3E 9E 05 00 00 1F 11 CC 9D 8D FB 17 12 CF 45 BC B9 00 89 00 35

Bold characters denote source IP (141.251.23.18=local PC).

• 45 00 00 3E 9E 05 00 00 1F 11 CC 9D 8D FB 17 12 CF 45 BC B9 00 89 00 35

Bold characters denote destination IP (207.69.188.185=DNS server).

• 45 00 00 3E 9E 05 00 00 1F 11 CC 9D 8D FB 17 12 CF 45 BC B9 00 89 00 35

Bold characters denote source port number (137 or 89h=NetBIOS name service).

• 45 00 00 3E 9E 05 00 00 1F 11 CC 9D 8D FB 17 12 CF 45 BC B9 00 89 00 35

Bold characters denote destination port number (53, or 35h=DNS).

This packet represents a NetBIOS name service request from a local PC to the DNS server of the ISP. An initial strategy for blocking this type of call would be to set up a call ﬁlter to prevent calls from being originated by UDP packets with a source port of 137 (NetBIOS name service). Further investigation would reveal that other ports are associated with NetBIOS services, and these ports should be blocked, too.

A comprehensive list of protocol and port numbers for common IP trafﬁc can be found in IETF RFC1700, “ Assigned Numbers. ” Many common port numbers are also listed on any Windows PC in a ﬁle called \windows\services. In the case of ﬁltering NetBIOS trafﬁc, the relevant ports are:

• 137 (TCP and UDP) NetBIOS Name Service

• 138 (TCP and UDP) NetBIOS Datagram Service

• 139 (TCP and UDP) NetBIOS Session Service

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Implementing the Filter

Now you can proceed to deﬁne a call ﬁlter to block the three NetBIOS service ports. The Filter Set Conﬁguration Menu is shown in Figure 8-3. To deﬁne a call ﬁlter:

Go to Menu 21 - Filter Set Conﬁguration, and choose a name and ﬁlter set.

Menu 21 - Filter Set Configuration

Filter Filter Set # Comments Set # Comments

------ ----------------- ------ ---------------- 1 netbios 7 _______________ 2 _______________ 8 _______________ 3 _______________ 9 _______________ 4 _______________ 10 _______________ 5 _______________ 11 _______________ 6 _______________ 12 _______________

Enter Filter Set Number to Configure= 1

Edit Comments= netbios

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

Figure 8-3. Menu 21 Filter Set Conﬁguration

Next, deﬁne the ﬁlter rules.

You want your ﬁlter to ignore (drop) UDP and TCP packets originating from ports 137, 138, and 139. Because each protocol/port combination must be speciﬁed as a separate rule, there will be six rules. Each ﬁlter set contains six rules, so you will ﬁll one entire set. Begin with rule 1, as illustrated in Figure 8-3.

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Set “Active” to Yes, and specify the IP Protocol as 17, which is the UDP protocol number (in decimal) from the Assigned Numbers RFC as described on page 8-10.

Specify Source Port #137, NetBIOS Naming Service, and set the Port # Comparison ﬁeld to look for port numbers “equal” to 137.

For packets that match this comparison, you want to drop the packet, so set Action Matched to “Drop. ” For packets not matching, you want to continue to the next rule, so set Action Not Matched to “Check Next Rule. ”

Figure 8-4 shows Menu 21.1.1 - TCP/IP Filter Rule.

Filter #: 1,1 Filter Type= TCP/IP Filter Rule Active= Yes IP Protocol= 17 IP Source Route= No Destination: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0 IP Mask= 0.0.0.0 Port #= 0 Port # Comp= None Source: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0 IP Mask= 0.0.0.0 Port #= 137 Port # Comp= Equal TCP Estab= N/A More= No Log= None Action Matched= Drop Action Not Matched= Check Next Rule

Menu 21.1.1 - TCP/IP Filter Rule

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

Figure 8-4. TCP/IP Filter Rule Menu

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Deﬁne the next ﬁve rules the same way—one for each combination of the three port

numbers and the two protocol types.

The last rule, however, will be slightly different. For Action Not Matched, select “Forward.” Any packet that has not matched any of the six rules will be forwarded for routing.

When all six rules are deﬁned, Menu 21.1 should appear as it does in Figure 8-5. As a visual check, make sure that all six rules contain “Y” in the A (Active) ﬁeld, “D” (Drop) in the m (matched) ﬁeld, and “N” (next rule) in the n (not matched) ﬁeld, except for the last rule, which should have “F” (Forward) in the n ﬁeld.

Figure 8-5 shows the Filter Rules Summary menu with all six rules deﬁned.

Menu 21.1 - Filter Rules Summary

# A Type Filter Rules M m n

- - ---- --------------------------------------------------------- - - 1 Y IP Pr=17, SA=0.0.0.0, SP=137, DA=0.0.0.0 N D N 2 Y IP Pr=17, SA=0.0.0.0, SP=138, DA=0.0.0.0 N D N 3 Y IP Pr=17, SA=0.0.0.0, SP=139, DA=0.0.0.0 N D N 4 Y IP Pr= 6, SA=0.0.0.0, SP=137, DA=0.0.0.0 N D N 5 Y IP Pr= 6, SA=0.0.0.0, SP=138, DA=0.0.0.0 N D N 6 Y IP Pr= 6, SA=0.0.0.0, SP=139, DA=0.0.0.0 N D F

Enter Filter Rule Number (1-6) to Configure:

Figure 8-5. Filter Rules Summary Menu

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Applying the Filter

When the ﬁlter design is ﬁnished, you must tell the router where to apply the ﬁlter. Apply it as a Call Filter in the remote node that reaches your DNS server(s) (usually your ISP node). Go to Menu 11.1, Remote Node Proﬁle, and enter the number of the ﬁlter under “Call Filter Sets” as shown in Figure 8-6. If you have multiple ﬁlters, you can cascade up to four by entering their numbers separated by commas.

Figure 8-6 shows the Remote Node Proﬁle Menu.

Rem Node Name= MyISP Edit PPP Options= No Active= Yes Rem IP Addr= 0.0.0.0 Call Direction= Outgoing Edit IP= No

Menu 11.1 - Remote Node Profile

Incoming: Telco Option: Rem Login= Transfer Type= 64K Rem Password= ******** Allocated Budget(min)= 0 Rem CLID= N/A Period(hr)= 0 Call Back= N/A Outgoing: Session Options: My Login= netgear Input Filter Sets= My Password= ******** Output Filter Sets= Authen= CHAP/PAP Call Filter Sets= 1 <<- APPLY Pri Phone #= 18005551212 Idle Timeout(sec)= 300 Sec Phone #=

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

Figure 8-6. Remote Node Proﬁle Menu

When you ﬁnish, restart the router.

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The Model RT328/RH348 router provides diagnostic tools for maintenance. These diagnostic tools include displays of system status, ISDN B channel status, log and trace capabilities, and upgrades to the system software. This chapter describes the use of these tools.

Chapter 9

System Maintenance

System Status

The System Maintenance Status Menu (Menu 24.1) allows the user to monitor the operation of the router. This screen displays the current status of the ISDN telephone line and the Ethernet port, and it counts the number of packets sent and received. It also displays the system software version.

Enter 24 from the Main Menu to display the System Maintenance Menu. Then enter 1 to display Menu 24.1 - System Maintenance Status Menu. Table 9-1 lists the commands used in the System Maintenance Status Menu.

Table 9-1. System Maintenance Status Menu Fields

Command Field Name Description

Enter 1 Discon B1 This ﬁelds disconnects the current B1 channel call. Enter 2 Discon B2 This ﬁeld disconnects the current B2 channel call. Enter 3 Reset counters This ﬁeld resets the counters. [Esc] Pressing [Esc] exits the screen.

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Table 9-2 lists the ﬁelds for Menu 24.1 - System Maintenance Status. These ﬁelds are read-only ﬁelds.

Table 9-2. System Maintenance Status Menu Fields

Field Description

ISDN: This ﬁeld displays the statistics for B1 and B2 channels. For each channel the screen

displays:

Link The remote node the channel is currently connected to, or the status of the channel

(Idle, Calling, or Answering). Type The current connecting speed (56 K or 64 K). TXPkt The number of packets transmitted on this channel since reset or manual clear. RXPkt The number of packets received on this channel since reset or manual clear. Error The number of error packets on this channel since reset or manual clear. CLU The current line utilization—percentage of current bandwidth used on this channel. ALU The average line utilization —average CLU for this channel. Up Time The time that this channel has been connected to the current remote node.

Total Outcall Time The total outgoing call time for both B1 and B2 channels since the system has been

powered on.

Note that the time is shown in B-channel hours. When both B channels are active

simultaneously, the values in this ﬁeld will increase at twice real time.

Ethernet: This ﬁeld displa ys the current status of the LAN connection on your router.

Status This ﬁeld displays the current status of the LAN port. TX Pkt This ﬁeld displays the number of transmitted packets to LAN. RX Pkt This ﬁeld displays the number of received packets from LAN. Collision This ﬁeld displays the number of collisions.

Name This ﬁeld displays the name of your router, which you conﬁgured in

Menu 1 - General Setup.

RAS S/W Version This ﬁeld displays the version of the current router software. ISDN F/W Version This ﬁeld displays the version of the current ISDN ﬁrmware. Ethernet Address This ﬁeld displays the Ethernet MAC address assigned to your router.

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Table 9-2. System Maintenance Status Menu Fields (continued)

Field Description

Country Code This ﬁeld displays the one-byte country code value (in decimal notation). For example,

255 indicates North America.

LAN Packet Which Triggered Last Call

This ﬁeld displays the ﬁrst 48 octets of the LAN packet that triggered the last outgoing

call. Two types of packets are displayed: IP and RAW. By viewing the packet

information, you can determine which station has sent a packet to cause the router to

make an outgoing call.

Figure 9-1 illustrates two packet examples shown on Menu 24.1. The ﬁrst is an ICMP Ping packet (Type: IP) triggering the call, and the second is a SAP broadcast packet (Type: RAW). With this information, you can determine the source IP address (C0 44 87 22) of the packet or the source MAC address (00 40 95 90 04 B9) of the packet.

LAN Packet Which Triggered Last call: (Type: IP) 45 00 00 3C 02 12 00 00 38 01 36 49 00 00 00 00 C0 44 87 22 20 04 00 00 00 08 A9 D0 C0 44 87 22 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 0A 0B

LAN Packet Which Triggered Last Call: (Type: Raw) FF FF 00 22 00 11 00 00 00 00 FF FF FF FF FF FF 04 52 00 00 00 00 00 40 95 90 04 B9 40 08 00 03 02 78 01 A5 A5 A5 A5 A5 A5 A5 A5

Figure 9-1. Packet Examples

08 00 62 2B

Terminal Baud Rate

You can change the baud rate of the serial Manager connection through Menu 24.2, Terminal Baud Rate. The router supports 9600 (default), 19200, and 38400 bits per second (bps) for the RS-232 connection.

To change the rate, toggle the selection using the space bar. When the desired rate is shown, press [Enter]. You are given the opportunity to change the baud rate of your terminal before continuing.

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Log and Trace

Log and trace tools allow the user to view the error logs and trace records in order to troubleshoot any errors that may occur. The router can also generate system logs (syslogs) to send to other machines.

Enter 24 to display Menu 24 - System Maintenance. Enter 3 to select the Log and Trace option and display Menu 24.3 - System Maintenance - Log and Trace.

Table 9-3 lists the ﬁelds and commands for Menu 24.3 - System Maintenance - Log and Trace.

Table 9-3. System Maintenance - Log and Trace Menu Fields

Command Field

Enter 1 View Error Log Enter 2 Syslog and Accounting

View Error Log

Select the ﬁrst option from Menu 24.3 - System Maintenance - Log and Trace to display the Error Log in the system. Use the space bar to scroll this screen if necessary. After each display, you are prompted with an option to clear the Error Log. Enter the appropriate choice and press [Enter].

Syslog and Accounting

Syslog and Accounting can be conﬁgured in Menu 24.3.2 - System Maintenance - Syslog and Accounting. Menu 24.3.2 conﬁgures the router to send UNIX system logs to another machine.

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You must conﬁgure the parameters to activate syslog (Table 9-4).

Table 9-4. System Maintenance - Syslog and Accounting Menu Fields

Field Command Description

Active Press the space bar to toggle between

yes and no.

Syslog IP Address Enter the address in dotted-decimal

notation such as a.b.c.d where a, b, c, and d are numbers between 0 and 255.

Log Facility Press the space bar to toggle between

on and off.

The syslog option is turned on or off.

This ﬁeld is the IP address location to send your syslog.

Seven different local options can be selected. This feature is used for UNIX applications.

The router sends three different types of syslog messages:

• Call information messages (CDR)

• Error information messages

• Session information messages Examples of these messages are as follows:

• Call Information Messages:

line 1 channel 1, call 41, C01, Incoming Call, 40001 line 1 channel 1, call 41, C01, ANSWER Connected, 64K 40001 line 1 channel 1, call 41, C01, Incoming Call, Call Terminated

• Error Information Messages:

line 1, channel 1, call 44, E01, CLID call refuse line 1, channel 1, call 45, E02, IP address mismatch

• Session Information Messages:

line 1, channel 1, call 41, I01, IPCP up, 306L line 1, channel 1, call 41, I01, IPCP down, 306L

System Maintenance 9-5

Sysmaint.fm Page 6 Tuesday, October 10, 2000 3:26 PM

Reference Guide for the Model RT328 and Model RH348 ISDN Routers

Diagnostic Menu

The diagnostic menu allows you to test several functions of your router. From the Main Menu, enter 24 to display Menu 24 - System Maintenance. Enter 4 to display Menu 24.4 - System Maintenance - Diagnostic.

The diagnostic tools described in this section allow the user to perform the following functions:

• Test the ISDN connection

• Test the TCP/IP conﬁguration

• Reboot the system

• Change the interface mode to command-line mode

ISDN T ools

Use the commands and ﬁelds listed in Table 9-5 to test the ISDN connection from Menu 24.4 - System Maintenance - Diagnostic.

Table 9-5. System Maintenance - Diagnostic Menu Fields

Field Command Description

Hang Up B1 Call [Enter 1] This command hangs up B channel 1. It is useful only if the B1 line is

currently connected to a remote node or a dial-in user.

Hang Up B2 Call [Enter 2] This command hangs up B channel 2. It is useful only if the B2 line is

currently connected to a remote node or a dial-in user. Reset ISDN [Enter3] This command reinitializes the ISDN link to the telephone company. ISDN Connection

Test

Manual Call [Enter 5] This command allows the user to place a manual call to a remote node

[Enter 4] This command instructs the router to perform a loopback test of the

ISDN line. A call is placed from one B channel to the other, and data is

passed. A failure of this test indicates a problem either with the ISDN

line itself or with your current ISDN conﬁguration. Note the error

message that you receive and see your network administrator.

and tests the connectivity to that remote node. As the call is placed,

traces are displayed on the screen showing the progress of the call

setup and protocol negotiation.

9-6 System Maintenance

NETGEAR RT328 User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual