NETGEAR RT211, RT210 User Manual

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Reference Guide for the Model RT210/RT211 ISDN Routers

NETGEAR

A Bay Networks Company 48015 Warm Springs Blvd. Fremont, CA 94539 USA

Part No. M-RT210NA-0 August 1996

, Inc.

Trademarks

NETGEAR, FirstGear, Nautica, and Bay Networks are trademarks of Bay Networks, Inc. Other brand and product names are registered trademarks or trademarks of their respective holders.

Statement of Conditions

In the interest of improving internal design, operational function, and/or reliability, NETGEAR reserves the right to make changes to the products described in this document without notice.

NETGEAR does not assume any liability that may occur due to the use or application of the product(s) or circuit layout(s) described herein.

Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Statement

Note: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy. If it is not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, it may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area may cause harmful interference, in which case users will be required to take whatever measures may be necessary to correct the interference at their own expense.

EN 55 022 Declaration of Conformance

This is to certify that the Bay Networks NETGEAR Model RT210 and Model RT211 ISDN routers are shielded against the generation of radio interference in accordance with the application of Council Directive 89/336/EEC, Article 4a. Conformity is declared by the application of EN 55 022 Class A(CISPR 22).

Warning:

which case, the user may be required to take appropriate measures.

This is a Class A product. In a domestic environment, this product may cause radio interference, in

Bestätigung des Herstellers/Importeurs

Es wird hiermit bestätigt, daß das NETGEAR Model RT210 and Model RT211 ISDN routers gemäß der im BMPT -AmtsblVfg 243/1991 und Vfg 46/1992 aufgeführten Bestimmungen entstört ist. Das v orschriftsmäßige Betreiben einiger Geräte (z.B. Testsender) kann jedoch gewissen Beschränkungen unterliegen. Lesen Sie dazu bitte die Anmerkungen in der Betriebsanleitung.

Das Bundesamt für Zulassungen in der Telekommunikation wurde davon unterrichtet, daß dieses Gerät auf den Markt gebracht wurde und es ist berechtigt, die Serie auf die Erfüllung der Vorschriften hin zu überprüfen.

Die Erfüllung der zutreffenden Vorschriften hängt von der Benutzung geschirmter Kabel ab. Der Benutzer ist für den Erwerb der entsprechenden Kabel verantwortlich.

Certiﬁcate of the Manufacturer/Importer

It is hereby certiﬁed that the NETGEAR Model RT210 and Model RT211 ISDN routers have been suppressed in accordance with the conditions set out in the BMPT-AmtsblVfg 243/1991 and Vfg 46/1992. The operation of some equipment (for example, test transmitters) in accordance with the regulations may, however, be subject to certain restrictions. Please refer to the notes in the operating instructions.

Federal Ofﬁce for Telecommunications Approvals has been notiﬁed of the placing of this equipment on the market and has been granted the right to test the series for compliance with the regulations.

Compliance with the applicable regulations is dependent upon the use of shielded cables. It is the responsibility of the user to procure the appropriate cables.

VCCI-2

This equipment is in the 2nd Class category (information equipment to be used in a residential area or an adjacent area thereto) and conforms to the standards set by the Voluntary Control Council For Interference by Data Processing Equipment and Electronic Ofﬁce Machines aimed at preventing radio interference in such residential area.

When used near a radio or TV receiver, it may become the cause of radio interference. Read instructions for correct handling.

iii

Preface

Purpose ........................................................................................................................... xv

Audience ..........................................................................................................................xv

Conventions .....................................................................................................................xvi

Special Message Formats .........................................................................................xvi

Use of Enter, Type, and Press ...................................................................................xvi

Other Conventions ...................................................................................................xvii

Related Publications .......................................................................................................xvii

Customer Support .........................................................................................................xviii

World Wide Web ......................................................................................................xviii

Chapter 1 Introduction

About the Router ............................................................................................................1-1

Features .........................................................................................................................1-1

Key Features ............................................................................................................1-2

ISDN Support ...........................................................................................................1-3

Multilink PPP Support ..............................................................................................1-3

TCP/IP Support ........................................................................................................1-3

Management Support ..............................................................................................1-3

Planning Considerations .................................................................................................1-4

Basic Concepts ........................................................................................................1-4

What Is a Router? ..............................................................................................1-4

Routing Information Protocol .............................................................................1-5

Routing Updates ................................................................................................1-5

Connecting to ISDN .................................................................................................1-6

Using Subaddressing and Multiple Subscriber Numbering ......................................1-7

Using TCP/IP ...........................................................................................................1-7

Contents v

Using PPP to Connect to Other Devices ..................................................................1-7

Multilink PPP .....................................................................................................1-7

Password Authentication Protocol .....................................................................1-8

Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol .................................................1-8

Deﬁning Security Levels ...........................................................................................1-8

Chapter 2 Installing and Connecting

Package Contents ..........................................................................................................2-1

Site Preparation ..............................................................................................................2-2

Checklists .......................................................................................................................2-2

ISDN Services Checklist ..........................................................................................2-3

European Services ............................................................................................2-3

North American Services ...................................................................................2-3

Network Checklist ....................................................................................................2-4

Installing and Connecting the Router .............................................................................2-4

Connecting to ISDN .................................................................................................2-7

Connecting to ISDN in North America ...............................................................2-8

U Interface ...................................................................................................2-8

S/T Interface ................................................................................................2-8

Connecting to a Hub ..............................................................................................2-10

Power Connection ..................................................................................................2-11

Using the FirstGear ISDN Router Conﬁguration Utility ..........................................2-12

Connecting Through a Serial Port or a Telnet Connection .....................................2-12

Connecting Through a Serial Port ...................................................................2-13

Connecting Through a T elnet Connection ........................................................2-13

Chapter 3 Conﬁguring the Router

Conﬁguration Methods ...................................................................................................3-1

Using the Commands in the Interface ............................................................................3-2

Using the Built-in Interface Quick Setup .........................................................................3-4

Using the Built-In Interface Basic Setup .........................................................................3-7

Naming the Router ...................................................................................................3-8

Entering the Network Address .................................................................................3-8

Conﬁguring the ISDN Line .......................................................................................3-9

vi Contents

Connecting to Another NETGEAR or Bay Networks Nautica Router .....................3-10

Connecting to a Router Using Point-to-Point Protocol ...........................................3-11

Conﬁguring a PPP Path ...................................................................................3-12

Verifying Autocall Operation ...................................................................................3-13

Operating with a Single IP Address ..............................................................................3-14

Caller Line Identiﬁcation (CLI) ......................................................................................3-14

Obtaining Additional Bandwidth ....................................................................................3-14

Subaddressing and Multiple Subscriber Numbering (MSN) .........................................3-15

Chapter 4 Menus and Commands

Using the Menus .............................................................................................................4-1

Using the CONFIG Command ........................................................................................4-4

Using the Update System Parameters Form ............................................................4-5

Using the Conﬁgure Paths Menu .............................................................................4-6

Using the Update Path Form .............................................................................4-7

Using the Conﬁgure Ports Menu ............................................................................4-11

Using the Update Ports Form ..........................................................................4-11

Using the Conﬁgure IP Routes Menu .....................................................................4-13

Using the Update IP Routes Form ...................................................................4-14

Using the Update PPP Custom Parameters Menu ................................................4-14

Using the STATS Command .........................................................................................4-16

Viewing the Status/Statistics Menu ........................................................................4-16

Viewing Path Status .........................................................................................4-17

Viewing IP Status ............................................................................................4-18

Viewing the ARP List .......................................................................................4-18

Viewing ISDN Port Status ................................................................................4-19

Viewing ISDN Call History ...............................................................................4-19

Using the TELNET Command ......................................................................................4-20

Using the PING Command ...........................................................................................4-20

Using the QUIT Command ...........................................................................................4-21

Contents vii

Chapter 5 Troubleshooting

Using the Trace Window to Display System Messages ..................................................5-1

Understanding the ISDN Clearing Codes .......................................................................5-2

Troubleshooting Your ISDN Line .....................................................................................5-4

Using the Ping Utility to Troubleshoot a TCP/IP Network ...............................................5-5

Testing the LAN Path to Your Router ........................................................................5-5

Testing the Path from Your Router to a Remote Device ...........................................5-6

Testing the Full Path from Your PC to a Remote Device ..........................................5-8

Testing the Voice Port .....................................................................................................5-8

Appendix A Technical Speciﬁcations

General Speciﬁcations ................................................................................................... A-1

Appendix B TCP/IP Routing

IP Addressing ................................................................................................................ B-1

Subnet Addressing ........................................................................................................ B-3

Address Resolution ....................................................................................................... B-4

Routing IP Over ISDN ................................................................................................... B-5

Connecting to Other Routers ......................................................................................... B-6

Appendix C Ordering ISDN Lines

Ordering an ISDN Line ..................................................................................................C-1

Connecting Devices to a Basic Rate ISDN ....................................................................C-1

Connecting to ISDN in North America ........................................................................... C-2

Directory Numbers and SPIDs ................................................................................ C-2

Switch Types .....................................................................................................C-3

National ISDN Service Packages ............................................................................C-4

Hunt Groups ..................................................................................................... C-5

Long Distance Service ......................................................................................C-5

Connecting to ISDN in Europe ......................................................................................C-6

Line Ordering Summary for North American Users .......................................................C-6

Line Ordering Summary for European Users ................................................................C-7

viii Contents

Appendix D Upgrading Software

Obtaining the Latest Version of Software .......................................................................D-1

Upgrading Through a PC ...............................................................................................D-2

Upgrading Through a Remote Router ...........................................................................D-3

Upgrading the Terminal Adapter Code ..........................................................................D-4

Appendix E PPP Authentication Proﬁles

Determining PPP Proﬁles .............................................................................................. E-1

Glossary Index

Contents ix

x Contents

Figures

Figure 2-1. Router connections ..................................................................................2-6

Figure 2-2. Connecting the NETGEAR Model RT210 router to ISDN in

North America ..........................................................................................2-9

Figure 2-3. Router connected to a hub .....................................................................2-10

Figure 2-4. NETGEAR ISDN router ..........................................................................2-11

Figure 4-1. Main Menu ...............................................................................................4-2

Figure 4-2. Built-in interface menu hierarchy ..............................................................4-3

Figure 4-3. Conﬁguration Menu ..................................................................................4-4

Figure 4-4. Status/Statistics Menu ...........................................................................4-16

Figure B-1. Three main address classes ................................................................... B-2

Figure B-2. Example of Class B address ................................................................... B-3

Figures xi

xii Figures

Tables

Table 2-1. Router LED ............................................................................................2-12

Table 3-1. Key character commands ........................................................................3-2

Table 3-2. Task commands .......................................................................................3-2

Table 3-3. Control character commands ...................................................................3-3

Table 3-4. IP address and netmask format ...............................................................3-5

Table 5-1. ISDN clearing codes ................................................................................5-2

Table 5-2. ISDN internal clearing codes ...................................................................5-3

Table E-1. PPP authentication proﬁles ..................................................................... E-2

Table E-2. PPP authentication proﬁles for NETGEAR, Nautica, and

Bay products ........................................................................................... E-2

Table E-3. PPP custom authentication proﬁles for NETGEAR, Nautica, and

Bay products ........................................................................................... E-3

Table E-4. PPP authentication proﬁles for other manufacturers ............................... E-4

Tables xiii

xiv Tables

Purpose

Preface

Congratulations on your purchase of the NETGEAR™ Model RT210 ISDN router or the Model RT211 ISDN router. The routers are part of the NETGEAR 200 Series router product family.

The Model RT210 and Model RT211 routers provide connection for one or more computer workstations to the Internet or to the ofﬁce ov er inexpensi ve ISDN lines. The routers operate at a speed of up to 512 kilobytes per second (KBps) or 128 KBps without compression, and can download video clips, music, or highresolution color graphics from the World Wide Web or other online services many times faster than a modem. The routers support concurrent data and voice communications, reducing cost and administration of multiple phone lines.

This guide describes the features of both routers and provides instructions on how to install and conﬁgure them.

Audience

To conﬁgure and install these products, you should have the following background and experience:

• Working knowledge of basic network management concepts and terminology

• Working knowledge of tools and procedures for installing and operating sensitive electronic equipment

Preface xv

Reference Guide for the Model RT210/RT211 ISDN Routers

Conventions

This section describes the conventions used in this guide.

Special Message Formats

This guide uses the following formats to highlight special messages:

This format is used to highlight information of importance or special interest.

Note:

Caution:

equipment failure or loss of data.

Warning:

equipment damage.

Warning:

mishandling equipment.

This format is used to highlight information that will help you prevent

This format is used to highlight material involving possibility of injury or

This format is used to alert you that you may incur an electrical shock by

Use of Enter, Type, and Press

This guide uses “enter,” “type,” and “press” to describe the following actions:

• When you read “enter,” type the text and press the Enter key.

• When you read “type,” type the text, but do not press the Enter key.

• When you read “press,” press only the alphanumeric or named key.

xvi Preface

Other Conventions

This guide uses the following typographical conventions:

Reference Guide for the Model RT210/RT211 ISDN Routers

italics

courier font

Initial Caps Menu titles and window and button names. [Enter] Named keys in text are shown enclosed in square brackets. The notation

[Ctrl]+C Two or more keys that must be pressed simultaneously are shown in text

ALL CAPS DOS ﬁle and directory names.

Book titles and UNIX ﬁle, command, and directory names. Screen text, user-typed command-line entries.

[Enter] is used for the Enter key and the Return key.

linked with a plus (+) sign.

Related Publication

For more information about conﬁguring the NETGEAR Model R T210 and Model RT211 ISDN routers using FirstGear™, refer to (part number M1-RT210NA-0).

Getting Started Using FirstGear

Preface xvii

Reference Guide for the Model RT210/RT211 ISDN Routers

Customer Support

For assistance with installing and conﬁguring your NETGEAR system or with post-installation questions or problems, contact your point of purchase representative.

T o contact customer support or to purchase additional copies of this document and publications for other NETGEAR products, you can contact NETGEAR at the following numbers:

• Phone: U.S./Canada: 1-800-211-2069 Japan: 0031-1-26133 Germany: 0130-8-23776

• Fax: U.S./Canada: 510-498-2609

W orld Wide Web

NETGEAR maintains a World Wide Web Home Page that you can access at the universal resource locator (URL) http://NETGEAR.baynetworks.com/home. A direct connection to the Internet and a Web browser such as Mosaic or Netscape are required.

xviii Preface

Chapter 1

Introduction

This chapter describes the features of the NETGEAR Model RT210 and Model RT211 ISDN routers and discusses planning considerations for installation.

About the Router

The Model RT210 and Model RT211 routers are remote routers that transport data from one network to another through wide area connections.

The router compares the network addresses of data packets sent through the LAN to the entries in its address tables. If a match is found for the destination network, the router passes the packet to the path indicated by the entry in the routing table.

The entry in the path list contains the ISDN number(s) of the target router. The router sends the number to the ISDN port for the call to be connected. The path is established and the data is sent to the remote unit. At the receiving end, the process operates in the reverse order, from the wide area port to the LAN port.

Features

The Model RT210 and Model RT211 routers are ﬂexible, high performance, easy-to-use routers that provide a cost effective solution for intelligent networking across an ISDN line. With minimum setup, you can install and use the routers within minutes to meet a wide variety of networking requirements.

Introduction 1-1

Reference Guide for the Model RT210/RT211 ISDN Routers

Key Features

The NETGEAR Model RT210 and Model RT211 ISDN routers provide the following features:

• Standard Basic Rate ISDN Connection — ISDN, 2B+D providing 2 x 64 KBps data channels and a 16 KBps control channel — Four-wire S/T interface on NETGEAR Model RT210 — Two-wire U interface on Model RT211

• Protocol Support — IP routing — Bandwidth-on-demand with Multilink Point-to-Point Protocol

• Security — Access control on management functions — Dial-in access control by Calling Line Identiﬁcation (CLI) — PAP and CHAP authentication support

• Management — Local terminal management through:

– Easy-to-use FirstGear menu driven management software for PC users

– Built-in screen-based interface software for Mac, UNIX, and PC users — Direct status and statistics reporting with simple conﬁguration capability — Accessible from networked TCP/IP stations by Telnet

• Analog V oice Module — Provides a single RJ-11 interface — Allows a standard analog public switched telephone network (PSTN) device, for e xample,

a telephone, fax, or modem, to make and receive calls to or from other ISDN or PSTN connected devices

— Eliminates the need for a separate PSTN line in a small ofﬁce/home ofﬁce environment

1-2 Introduction

Reference Guide for the Model RT210/RT211 ISDN Routers

ISDN Support

The Model RT210 and Model RT211 routers are designed to take advantage of ISDN for transmission of data over digital telephone networks. ISDN allo ws the telephone networks to carry data, voice, and video along the same cables. A Basic Rate Interface (BRI), which is the usual ISDN implementation, consists of 2 x 64 KBps B channels for data, and a 16 KBps D channel for control information.

One advantage of using ISDN to connect routers is that the connection is set up only if there is data to be sent to the remote network. The NETGEAR Model RT210 and Model RT211 ISDN routers detect that a network exists on a remote unit that can be reached through ISDN. The routers set up a call, transfer the data, and then hang up automatically when the connection is no longer needed.

Multilink PPP Support

When the single channel ISDN line utilization exceeds a conﬁgurable threshold, the NETGEAR Model RT210 and Model RT211 ISDN routers can automatically establish an additional ISDN call to provide additional bandwidth. During heavy trafﬁc, the two 64 KBps B channels are combined using Multilink PPP to provide a fast 128 KBps pipe. When trafﬁc slows down, one of the B-channels is idled to save toll charges. The router also reverts back to one B-channel for data when the analog port is used.

TCP/IP Support

The routers support TCP/IP protocol, Routing Information Protocol (RIP), and RIP2 routing protocols and ensure that ISDN connections are established only when passing data.

For get further information about TCP/IP before installing your router , refer to Appendix

IP Routing.”

B, “TCP/

Management Support

The Model RT210 and Model RT211 routers are designed to be installed and made operational within minutes after connection to the network.

If you are a PC user, the FirstGear software lets you easily conﬁgure the unit from the Windows environment.

Introduction 1-3

Reference Guide for the Model RT210/RT211 ISDN Routers

If you are a MAC, UNIX, or PC user, you can connect to the built-in interface which can be accessed through a terminal connected to the Manager port or through a Telnet session across the network. The built-in interface manages and conﬁgures the unit through an easily understood screen process.

You can download software upgrades across an ISDN connection from another NETGEAR ISDN router or from a personal computer. For further information, refer to Appendix

Software.”

D, “Upgrading

Planning Considerations

This section helps you plan the setup of the Model RT210 and Model RT211 routers.

Basic Concepts

The cost of installing and running a network and providing sufﬁcient bandwidth to communicate has generally been proportional to the distance that the network extends and the amount of bandwidth required. Large amounts of bandwidth can be provided easily and relatively inexpensively in a local area netw ork. Howe ver , interconnecting local netw orks at similar speeds is very expensive because of the cost of installing the infrastructure that can provide that level of bandwidth.

Usually, slower speed links are used to interconnect local high speed networks. Devices at either end can select the trafﬁc that uses the slower wide area links and determine e xactly where it is sent. This ensures maximum throughput over the slower link. This process is known as routing.

Techniques for routing data between high speed local area networks (LANs) over slower speed wide area networks (WANs) have ev olv ed over the years, and use various mediums and protocols. The ability to uniquely identify the source and destination of the data is critical to allow any operations to be successful across the WAN link.

What Is a Router?

A router is a device designed to deliver data from the source network to the correct destination network. After the data has reached the correct network, the task of the router is to ensure that it reaches the correct station on that network. Most routing environments ha ve a method for uniquely identifying each destination, which in most cases is a network number and a station or node number. This method is very similar to the method used by the post ofﬁce to send mail to your home when it is addressed to you at your street name, town, state, and country.

1-4 Introduction

Reference Guide for the Model RT210/RT211 ISDN Routers

To work effectively, routers gather information about the networks connected to them and update the other routers on the network with this information. In this way they build up a logical picture of the network, known as a routing table, and work out the quickest route to other networks.

Routing Information Protocol

One of the protocols used to build and maintain this picture of the network is the Routing Information Protocol (RIP). The RIP is a distance vector protocol, which means that all the decisions about which path to use are based upon distance between source and destination. A router using RIP would ﬁrst look at directly attached networks. These networks would be considered to be one hop away. Other networks that are not directly attached would be multiple hops away. When there are multiple paths to a network, the path with the least number of hops is chosen and is regarded as the best path. All other information about how to get to that network is discarded.

Using RIP, the routers update each other every 30 seconds and check to see whether there is any new information that should be added to the routing table. The entries in a routing table are allowed to remain for 180 seconds. If no information about a remote network is received in this time, the destination network is deemed to be unreachable and removed from the routing table.

An important consideration is how long it takes for a change to the routing topology, which is typically a link or node failure, to be propagated throughout the entire RIP environment. This process is called conver gence. It is important that it occur as fast as possible so that all routers ha ve correct information about the changed network in their tables. W ith RIP, conv ergence tak es place 1 hop at a time throughout the entire network. In using the 30 second routing information timer, the routers pass information from one hop to another. To prevent the information that is being passed from being excessively long, RIP is limited to 15 hops maximum.

The NETGEAR Model RT210 and Model RT211 ISDN routers support both RIP and RIP2. RIP2 has a number of enhancements, including the ability to transmit subaddress information with the routing table, allowing networks with variable length subnetwork numbers to be supported.

Routing Updates

As can be seen from the previous routing protocol descriptions, routing updates are broadcast on a regular basis. This process works well with leased circuit or permanent connections, where the circuit is either functioning by passing data and routing updates, or not functioning, in which case routing updates are not received. In this case, a time-out mechanism removes the relevant routes from the routing table after no updates have been received for a deﬁned period.

Introduction 1-5

Reference Guide for the Model RT210/RT211 ISDN Routers

Using ISDN as the connection medium adds another circuit state to the equation. The connection can be functioning, but no data or routing updates are being passed because the call is currently closed. If this state exists longer than the routing protocol time-out (normally 3 minutes), the routes would decay and be removed from the tables at each end of the link. If this happens, routing could not take place between the units at either end of the ISDN link.

To overcome this problem, the NETGEAR Model RT210 and Model RT211 ISDN routers automatically treat routes learned over ISDN as semipermanent. They are not decayed and can be updated by any received routing protocol updates if any of the hop counts have changed since the last update.

Another issue concerning passing routing updates across ISDN is whether a call is made or left connected for the sole purpose of passing routing information. The NETGEAR routers do not make calls speciﬁcally for passing routing updates. The next user data call includes the routing update information that was copied to the local routing table when the connection was closed. Therefore, a call that has been made for data transfer is not kept open by routing updates because these are not included in the idle calculation for that call.

Connecting to ISDN

When you connect to ISDN, there are several important things you must kno w in order to make the correct decisions in placing your order and conﬁguring your router.

When you order the ISDN line from your telephone company, you must know what type of ISDN service your telephone company provides so that you can conﬁgure your router properly. Your telephone company might provide you with Service Proﬁle Identiﬁers (SPIDs) along with the ISDN telephone numbers. You need to know the SPIDs, if you are given them, and the ISDN telephone number(s) before setting up the router.

In most areas, your ISDN equipment is connected to the telephone company by a four-wire S/T interface, such as the one provided by the Model RT210 router. The telephone company provides a network termination device commonly kno wn as an NT1, which converts this four-wire S/T interface to a two-wire U interface for transmission over long lines to the central switch. In North America, the customer is expected to provide an NT1. For this reason, the Model RT211 ISDN router integrates the function of the NT1, reducing cost and wiring complexity.

For more information, refer to Appendix C, “Ordering ISDN Lines.”

1-6 Introduction

Reference Guide for the Model RT210/RT211 ISDN Routers

Using Subaddressing and Multiple Subscriber Numbering

If the NETGEAR Model RT210 router shares an ISDN line with other ISDN devices, the router must identify and route incoming calls. You can use either subaddressing or Multiple Subscriber Numbering (MSN) as ways to identify where the incoming calls belong. These options are enabled only by the ISDN providers. For further information on subaddressing and MSN, refer to

Subaddressing and Multiple Subscriber Numbering (MSN)” on page 3-15.

“

Using TCP/IP

The network or subnetwork numbers must be different at each end of a link for the routers to function correctly . If se veral routers are connected to the same LAN se gment, they should ha v e the same network or subnetwork numbers, but different host numbers. Using TCP/IP, you can assign addresses to assure proper routing.

For more information, refer to Appendix B, “TCP/IP Routing.”

Using PPP to Connect to Other Devices

The Point to Point Protocol (PPP) was designed to allow interoperability between networking equipment of different manufacturers at a basic level. Because of the many different implementations of the standard, you might need to try a number of conﬁguration options before communication can be established.

The NETGEAR Model RT210 and Model RT211 ISDN routers have several preconﬁgured proﬁles, but can be changed when full conﬁguration of all the PPP options is needed.

Multilink PPP

When a path is conﬁgured for PPP, Additional Bandwidth on Demand can be enabled only if Multilink PPP is available on the remote unit.

Multilink PPP (MP) is an addition to the basic PPP protocol that allows more than one link to be directed to a destination. If a unit supports the MP protocol, then it can be negotiated automatically on the initial link startup. When additional Bandwidth on Demand calls are made, the extra bandwidth is made available to the path.

When you are using the PPP proﬁle “SIMPLE” MP is disabled.

Note:

Introduction 1-7

Reference Guide for the Model RT210/RT211 ISDN Routers

Password Authentication Protocol

The Password Authentication Protocol (PAP) is the simplest method of enabling security on PPP links. When the link is being set up, the Peer (caller) sends its Name and Password to the Authenticator. If the Name and Password match the values stored by the Authenticator, the connection is allowed to proceed.

Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol

The Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol (CHAP) is a more complex method of security. The Authenticator challenges the Peer, which responds with the output of an algorithm based on the CHAP Secret and the CHAP Name (the Name of the Path).

The Authenticator veriﬁes the output by using its CHAP Secret conﬁgured on the path CHAP Name as the key for the algorithm. The Authenticator checks that the output value it calculates is the same as the one received from the Peer. If the challenge is responded to correctly, the connection is allowed to proceed. Because the CHAP Secret itself is never sent across the link, it cannot be discovered by anyone monitoring the line.

Deﬁning Security Levels

Because ISDN is a public service, it opens your network to unauthorized access and security becomes an important issue. The NETGEAR Model RT210 and Model RT211 ISDN routers are equipped with the following features designed to maintain security:

• Caller Line Identiﬁcation (CLI or Caller ID) ensures that incoming ISDN calling numbers are checked before access is granted.

• When PPP is the link protocol for connecting to third-party routers, you can use either Password Authentication Protocol (PAP) or Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol (CHAP).

— PAP improves security by requesting that a password be sent by the caller. — CHAP, a more complex method of security, checks the authenticity of the password

without sending it across the link.

1-8 Introduction

Chapter 2

Installing and Connecting

This chapter provides instructions on installing the Model RT210 or Model RT211 router and connecting to the built-in interface through a serial or Telnet connection.

If you are a PC user, you can conﬁgure the router either by an easy-to-use software program, the FirstGear ISDN router conﬁguration utility, or the built-in interface. For complete instructions on using FirstGear, refer to Getting Started Using FirstGear.

If you are using a Macintosh or UNIX-based workstation, you can conﬁgure the router only by using the built-in interface. However, you can connect a PC to your router and use FirstGear for the conﬁguration process. After conﬁguration is complete, connect the router back to your Macintosh for normal operation. For complete instructions on using FirstGear, refer to Getting Started Using FirstGear.

For further information on the different methods for conﬁguring your router, refer to

Conﬁguration Methods” in Chapter 3, “Conﬁguring the Router.”

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Package Contents

The product package should contain the following items:

• NETGEAR Model RT210 or Model RT211 ISDN router

• AC Power Adapter 9V-DC output

• Two 10 foot 10BASE-T Ethernet cables (round)

• 10 foot ISDN cable (ﬂat)

• 9-pin D-connector to RJ-45 cable adapter

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Reference Guide for the Model RT210/RT211 ISDN Routers

• 9-pin D-connector to 25-pin D-connector adapter

• RJ-45 two-way splitter

• This guide

• Getting Started Using FirstGear

• Two 3.5-inch FirstGear installation diskettes

• Four rubber feet

• Four V elcro feet

• Two Velcro pads

• Warranty/Registration card

Call your dealer if there are any wrong, missing, or damaged parts. Keep the carton, including the original packing materials, to repack the router if there is a need to return it for repair.

Site Preparation

Before you begin installing the router, prepare the installation site. Make sure the operating environment meets the physical requirements of the router. The ambient temperature must be between 0° C and 40° C. The maximum relative humidity must not exceed 90%.

The router should be installed on a ﬂat surface in a clean, dry location. You should ensure that all units to be connected are within reach of the cables and power and that all are functioning correctly.

Checklists

Check the following ISDN Service Checklist and Network Checklist to make sure that all requirements are met and that your network is properly conﬁgured.

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Reference Guide for the Model RT210/RT211 ISDN Routers

ISDN Services Checklist

The following requirements must be met if you connect your router to other routers through ISDN.

European Services

• Your ISDN circuit should conform to EURO-ISDN, NET3, or I-CTR3 standards.

• You should know the ISDN number(s) of your local and remote sites.

• If you require CLI (Caller Line Identiﬁcation) for security, order the CLI option from your local carrier.

• If possible, place your order so that both B channels have the same ISDN number. Gi ving both B channels the same ISDN number, which is known as auxiliary working, can speed up connect times.

North American Services

In North America, you must conﬁgure your ISDN ports on the NETGEAR Model RT210 and Model RT211 ISDN routers according to the type of switch your telephone company has in its local central ofﬁce. For further information, refer to Appendix

C, “Ordering ISDN Lines.”

You need the following information from your telephone company:

• The type of switch at your telephone company Either AT&T 5ESS, Northern Telecom DMS-100, Northern Telecom DMS-250, or Siemens

EWSD.

• Conﬁguration mode of your ISDN line Whether your line is conﬁgured in the standard National ISDN mode, or whether it is

conﬁgured in a manufacturer-speciﬁc custom mode.

• Directory number(s) that you are assigned The local directory number(s) assigned to the line.

• Service Proﬁle Identiﬁers (SPIDs) assigned to your devices The SPIDs associated with the directory numbers.

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Reference Guide for the Model RT210/RT211 ISDN Routers

Network Checklist

Networks connected through the router must be properly conﬁgured. The Model RT210 and Model RT211 routers route through TCP/IP protocol only.

The TCP/IP conﬁguration requirements are:

• All of your host devices must have established IP addresses. These addresses are usually provided by your network administrator or Internet provider.

• An IP address must be assigned to your router. The address is usually provided by your network administrator or Internet provider.

• Your router deﬁnition must be set. If any devices are not running either TCP/IP or a compatible protocol, have the router deﬁned

as either the default gateway or as an entry in the static routes table of the device.

• Your netw ork or subnetwork numbers must be different on the local and remote networks you are routing between.

Installing and Connecting the Router

You can install the NETGEAR Model RT210 and Model RT211 ISDN routers on a ﬂat surface, such as a tabletop or desktop, or you can mount them on a computer housing or wall using the Velcro strips.

Rubber feet are provided to install the router on a ﬂat surface. The Velcro pads are provided to attach the router to the side of your workbench or PC.

To install your router, follow these steps:

1. Unpack your router and verify that all the necessary parts ar e present (r efer to “Package

Contents” earlier in this chapter).

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