NetComm NB8, NB8W User Manual

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Contents

Overview ............................................................................................................ 4

NB8/NB8W Package Contents ........................................................................... 5

Selected terminology used in this manual .......................................................... 6

Minimum System Requirements: ...................................................................... 7

Do I need a micro ﬁlter? .................................................................................. 8

Getting to Know the NB8/NB8W ............................................................................ 9

LED Indicators ............................................................................................... 9

Default Settings ........................................................................................... 11

Restore Factory Default Setting ...................................................................... 12

Connecting the NB8/NB8W ................................................................................ 13

1. Connecting the Cables ............................................................................... 14

2. Establishing an ADSL connection via PPPoE ................................................... 18

3. Establishing your Wireless Connection (for NB8W only) .................................. 19

Computer Hardware Conﬁguration ....................................................................... 20

Windows® XP PCs ........................................................................................ 20

Windows 2000 PCs ....................................................................................... 20

Windows Me PCs .......................................................................................... 20

Advanced Settings ............................................................................................. 22

Basic ............................................................................................................. 23

Basic>Home ................................................................................................. 23

Basic>ADSL Quick Setup ................................................................................ 24

Wireless (NB8W only) ........................................................................................ 25

Wireless Setup ............................................................................................. 25

Wireless Security Quick Setup ........................................................................ 26

Wireless Security in Detail ............................................................................. 29

Wireless Conﬁguration................................................................................... 33

Wireless > Mac Filter ...................................................................................... 36

Wireless > Bridge .......................................................................................... 37

Wireless > Station Info ................................................................................... 38

Management ..................................................................................................... 39

Management > Device Settings > Backup .......................................................... 39

Management > Device Settings > Update ........................................................... 39

Management > Device Settings > Restore Default ............................................... 39

Management > Device Settings > Update Firmware ............................................. 40

Management > SNMP ..................................................................................... 41

Management > SNTP ...................................................................................... 42

Access Control > Services ............................................................................... 42

Access Control > IP Addresses ......................................................................... 43

Save & Reboot ............................................................................................. 43

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Advanced ......................................................................................................... 44

Advanced > WAN ........................................................................................... 44

Advanced > LAN ............................................................................................ 46

Advanced > NAT > Explanation .......................................................................... 49

Advanced > NAT > Port Forwarding .................................................................... 50

Advanced > NAT > Port Triggering ..................................................................... 52

Advanced > NAT > DMZ ................................................................................... 53

Advanced > Security > IP Filtering ..................................................................... 54

Advanced > Security > Parental Control .............................................................. 55

Advanced > QoS ............................................................................................ 56

Advanced > Routing > Default Gateway .............................................................. 57

Advanced > Routing > Static Route .................................................................... 58

Advanced > Routing > Dynamic Route ................................................................ 59

Status ............................................................................................................. 60

Status > Diagnostics ...................................................................................... 60

Status > System Log ...................................................................................... 61

Status > WAN ................................................................................................ 62

Status > Route .............................................................................................. 63

Status > DHCP .............................................................................................. 64

Appendix A: Conﬁguring and using the Console Port.............................................. 65

How to establish a console session. ................................................................. 65

Conﬁguring with Console Port......................................................................... 66

Example of RFC1483 Routed mode: ................................................................ 68

Appendix B: Glossary ......................................................................................... 74

Appendix C: Cable Information ............................................................................ 82

Appendix D: Registration and Warranty Information .............................................. 84

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Overview

Thank you for purchasing the NetComm NB8/NB8W ADSL2+ Modem Router. NetComm is proud to introduce this entirely new class of all-in-one device incorporating ADSL2+ and Wireless in a single compact unit. The NB8/NB8W is truly a ‘broadband communications gateway’ that, when attached to the appropriate ISP services, will enable multiple broadband communications streams to run concurrently into your home or ofﬁce. Wireless and ethernet data services can be delivered and distributed to multiple PCs at the same time, while the gateway can be managed via ‘Quality of Service’ (QoS) controls to ensure that priority is given to the trafﬁc of your choice.

Let’s look at some of the capabilities offered by the NB8/NB8W in brief:

ADSL Broadband The NB8/NB8W offers the next generation of

broadband ADSL technology with ADSL2/2+, which boosts ADSL’s performance signiﬁcantly, improves interoperability, and supports new applications, services and deployment conditions.

Wireless (NB8W only) In addition to fast, standard 802.11g-based wireless,

the NB8W incorporates Broadcom’s state-of-theart XPress and Afterburner technology to radically improve the performance of wirelessly-connected devices.

QoS With the addition of bandwidth-hungry applications

to the SOHO/Home network the NB8/NB8W has not overlooked one of the most important features for a home Internet gateway – Quality of Service (QoS) The QoS implementation in the NB8/NB8W is extremely sophisticated allowing you to prioritise data on your network according to rules you make.

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NB8/NB8W Package Contents

Your NB8/NB8W contains the following items:

• Power Supply

• RJ11 ADSL Line Connection Cable

• USB Cable

• Installation CD

• Package Contents List and Quick Start Guide

• NB8 OR NB8W Broadband Communications Gateway (NB8W shown)

• RJ45 Cat 5 Ethernet cable

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Selected terminology used in this manual

POTS A telephone line used for a standard phone-line and service will be

referred to as POTS (=Plain Old Telephone Service)

Pass-through Line The line that connects the NB8/NB8W to a POTS line may be

referred to as a pass-through line

RJ11 Telephone cables may be referred to as RJ11 which is the format of

the connection plug used for telephones

Ethernet Local area network trafﬁc will be carried by standard Category 5

cable referred to as Ethernet

RJ45 Ethernet cables may also be referred to as ‘RJ45’ which is the format

of the connection plug used for network devices

LAN Local Area Network

WLAN Wireless Local Area Network

For further terminology, see the Glossary appendix.

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Minimum System Requirements:

Different aspects of the NB8/NB8W have different requirements, so let’s look at them in turn. We’ll start with your computer, which ought to match the following requirements if you are to enjoy the beneﬁts of a high-speed ADSL connection and use of Wireless Networking (for the NB8W only).

PC Requirements:

• Any computer running Windows 98/2000/Me/XP or Macintosh OSX

• Ethernet or Wireless Network card

• CD-ROM drive

• Web browser e.g.

• Internet Explorer 5.1 (or better)

• Netscape Navigator

• Mozilla FireFox 1.0.4

ADSL Requirement:

• ADSL broadband connection to an ISP (Internet Service Provider)

• ADSL Splitter/Filter (see below for details)

Note: Connection at ADSL2 or 2+ rate depends on the service offered by your

ISP; the device will operate at standard ADSL rates in the absence of the 2 or 2+ service. Consult your ISP for details.

USB Requirements:

• USB Port

Wireless Requirements (for NB8W only):

• Wireless Network Interface Card (NIC) for each intended computer

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Do I need a micro filter?

Micro ﬁlters are used to prevent interference between phones and fax machines, and your ADSL service. If your ADSL-enabled phone line is being used with any equipment other than your ADSL Modem then you will need to use one Micro ﬁlter for each phone device in use. Telephones and/or facsimiles in other rooms that are using the same line will also require Microﬁlters. The following diagram gives an example of connecting your ADSL Modem/ Router using a Microﬁlter. A suitable Microﬁlter can be purchased from NetComm or your Service Provider, if required.

A central splitter may be installed with your ADSL service or when your current phone line is upgraded to ADSL. If your telephone line is already split you will not need to use a Microﬁlter on each device.- Check with your ADSL or phone service provider if you are unsure as to whether a splitter is installed at your premises.

Each micro ﬁlter is connected in-line with your telephone or fax machine so that all signals pass through it. Telephones and/or facsimiles in other rooms that are using the same extension will also require Microﬁlters. The following diagram gives an example of connecting your ADSL Modem/ Router using a Microﬁlter.

A suitable Microﬁlter can be purchased from NetComm or your Service Provider, if required.

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Getting to Know the NB8/NB8W

It is recommended that you take a moment to acquaint yourself with the indicator lights, ports and default settings of the NB8/NB8W prior to commencing with installation.

LED Indicators

LED Colour Mode Function

POWER Green On The router is powered up

Off The router is powered down ADSL Green On The ADSL Link is established

Off The ADSL Link is not

established

Green Blink The ADSL line is training or

trafﬁc is passing through

LAN 1x ~4x Green On Ethernet link is established

Off Ethernet link is not established

Green Blink Data transmitting/receiving over

Ethernet

USB Green Blink Data transmitting/receiving over

USB

NB8W only

WLAN Green On Wireless module is ready

Off Wireless module is not installed

Green Blink Data transmitting/receiving over

Wireless

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Back Panel Ports

Port Name Function

Reset Reset button. Depress for 10 seconds to return your

NB8/NB8W to its default settings.

Antenna (for NB8W only) Wireless LAN antenna.

Power Connect the power adaptor that comes with your

NB8/NB8W.

On / Off Switch to power on / off your NB8/NB8W.

Console 10/100 Base-T Ethernet jack (RJ-45) to connect

directly to your computer. (Refer to Appendix A for connection information)

USB USB1.0 port to connect to your USB port.

4 x LAN 4 x 10/100 Base-T Ethernet jack (RJ-45) to connect

to your Ethernet Network card or Ethernet Hub / Switch.

ADSL Telephone jack (RJ-11) to connect to your Telephone

Wall Socket (ADSL line).

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Default Settings

The following are the default LAN (Local Area Network), WAN (Wide Area Network) and WLAN (Wireless LAN) settings.

LAN (Management)

• Static IP Address: 192.168.1.1;

• Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0;

• Default Gateway: blank;

WAN (Internet)

• Empty: Once you have run through ‘ADSL Quick Setup’ you will have a saved WAN connection;

• Default connection type: PPPoE (most common for Australian ISPs);

• VPI / VCI: 8 / 35;

Modem Access

• Username: admin

• Password: admin

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Restore Factory Default Setting

Restore Factory Defaults will reset the NB8/NB8W to its factory default conﬁguration. Occasions may present themselves where you need to restore the factory defaults on your NB8/NB8W such as:

• You have lost your username and password and are unable to login to your NB8/ NB8W’s web conﬁguration page;

• You have purchased your NB8/NB8W from someone else and need to reconﬁgure the device to work with your ISP;

• You are asked to perform a factory reset by NetComm Support staff

In order to restore your NB8/NB8W to its factory default settings, please follow these steps:

• Ensure that your NB8/NB8W is powered on (for at least 10 seconds);

• Use a paper clip or a pencil tip to depress the reset button for ten seconds and release. At this point, the reset is in progress. Do not power off the unit at this point;

• When indicator lights return to steady green, reset is complete. The default settings are now restored. The entire process takes about 45 seconds to complete;

• Once you have reset your NB8/NB8W to its default settings you will be able to access the device’s conﬁguration web interface using http://192.168.1.1 with username ‘admin’ and password ‘admin’;

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Connecting the NB8/NB8W

The diagram below shows you how to connect the NB8/NB8W to your PC, ADSL and POTS service.

The initial set-up is required to get the NB8/NBW up and running:

1. Connecting the cables between NB8/NB8W, PC and telephone(s) and power on

2. Establish ADSL connection

3. Set up Wireless (for NB8W only)

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1. Connecting the Cables

Note: If you wish to link to the NB8W wirelessly at the outset, see 3.

Establishing a Wireless Connection below. If you wish to connect the Console port, refer to Appendix A.

The NB8/NB8W can be connected via a USB cable or an Ethernet cable or both. The USB connection is simply an ethernet simulation. As far as your computer is concerned the USB connection is an Ethernet connection, hence DHCP and other protocols will work the same as for Ethernet.

To connect to your ADSL Router, you need to have either an Ethernet Port or a USB Port present on your Computer/Notebook.

Connecting your NB8/NB8W ADSL Modem via ETHERNET

1. Connect your NB8/NB8W to either a computer directly or a network hub or switch using CAT5 ethernet cables.

2. Connect the power pack to the ADSL Modem and switch on the power switch.

3. Ensure that there is a LAN link light on the NB8/NB8W.

4. Ensure that the computer you intend to use has an IP address in the same subnet as the NB8/NB8W ADSL Modem. (e.g. the NB8/NB8W’s default IP is 192.168.1.1 - your computer should be on 192.168.1.100 or similar.) If you have DHCP enabled on your computer, the NB8/NB8W will assign your computer a suitable IP address.

5. Ensure that your computer has a LAN link light.

6. Connect one end of the ADSL phone line to the NB8/NB8W ADSL Modem and the other end to the wall socket.

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Connecting your NB8/NB8W ADSL Modem via USB

1. Connect the power pack to the NB8/NB8W ADSL Modem and switch on the power switch.

2. Connect your NB8/NB8W to a computer directly via USB cable.

3. When the computer is booted, the Add New Hardware Wizard will launch and prompt you to provide a driver for your NB8/NB8W ADSL Modem. Insert the CD provided.

4. Follow the on-screen prompts to load the driver. Refer to the section below for more detailed information. (You may need to restart your computer).

5. Connect one end of the ADSL phone line to the NB8/NB8W ADSL Modem and the other end to the wall socket.

Installing the USB driver (Windows 98/Me/2000/XP only)

When you install the USB driver on your computer it creates a Virtual Ethernet Adapter, which can be conﬁgured in the same way as a Network Interface card with DHCP or static IP address. To install the USB driver please follow the steps below:

1. Boot your machine into Windows 98/Me/2000/XP.

2. Insert your NetComm NB8/NB8W CD into your CD-ROM drive.

3. Plug power up to your NB8/NB8W and switch ON.

4. Plug a USB cable from the back of the unit into a spare USB socket on your computer.

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5. The Windows “Add New Hardware Wizard” should appear and will ask “Can Windows connect to Windows Update to search for software?” Ensure the “No, not this time” option is selected and click Next to continue.

6. Ensure the option “Install from a list or speciﬁc location [Advanced]” is chosen and click Next.

7. Choose “Search for the driver in these locations” and “Search removable media (ﬂoppy, CD-ROM...)”. Untick any other boxes and click on the Browse button. Open the CDROM drive location of your NetComm NB8/NB8W CD and then select the ‘USBdriver’ folder.

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8. You may be advised that the software has not passed Windows Logo testing. Click “Continue Anyway” to proceed with the installation.

9. The USB driver will be installed. Click “Finish” to close the Wizard.

The next section explains how to establish your ADSL connection to the Internet.

Connecting your NB8/NB8W ADSL Modem via the Console Port for Management

The NB8/NB8W’s is equiped with a console port which can be used to conﬁgure the modem and diagnose system issued. To access the NB8/NB8W interface using the console port a PC must be equipped with an RS232 port and have a standard VT-100 emulation program such as HyperTerminal 5 or Telix installed. Refer to Appendix A for detailed steps explaining how to establish a console session.

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2. Establishing an ADSL connection via PPPoE

Having physically connected your NB8/NB8W, the next step is to establish your ADSL connection to the Internet, via your ISP.

Nearly all Australian ISPs connect their clients via a standard method called PPPoE (Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet). Your NB8/NB8W has a ‘Quick Setup’ page conﬁgured for easy access via PPPoE, so all you need do is enter the Username and Password issued by your ISP, click the ‘Save & Connect’ button and connection will follow. This sequence will be explained here.

Note: If you are not using a PPPoE connection type, then consult the section

under Advanced>WAN for details of choosing another connection type (e.g. PPPoA, Static, Bridge, etc.). If unsure, follow the steps in this section ﬁrst.

At this point you must have your NB8/NB8W connected according to Section 1, above, with your PC connected to the NB8/NB8W via Ethernet cable (or wireless link for NB8W only). You must also have your ISP-supplied username and password on hand.

1. For Windows users, insert the accompanying CD into your CD-ROM drive. An autorun screen should appear. Click the ‘Conﬁgure NB8/NB8W’ button;

Note: If you do not have a CD-ROM or are running a non-Windows OS, you

can access the NB8/NB8W Conﬁguration page by opening a web browser and entering http://192.168.1.1 into the Address / Location ﬁeld. If you are not able to access the login screen by this means, go to the section titled ‘Computer Hardware Conﬁguration’ for instructions and come back here when this is completed. Otherwise, proceed to next.

2. Enter the username ‘admin’ and password ‘admin’ and click ‘OK’;

3. The following web page is displayed:

4. Enter your PPPoE User ID and PPPoE Password and click the “Save & Reboot” button. Do not adjust the VPI or VCI ﬁelds unless your ISP has instructed you to do so. The NB8/NB8W will apply all of the settings in approximately 2 minutes.

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5. After trying to connect the Basic > Home screen appears:

3. Establishing your Wireless Connection (for NB8W only)

Wireless networking provides an alternative connection to using Ethernet cable. Wireless access is enabled by default on your NB8W with the following default settings:

• Wireless network name (SSID): ‘wireless’;

• Security: WEP (64-bit) HEX key: ‘a1b2c3d4e5’;

Note: For advanced wireless settings of your NB8W refer to the section entitled

“Advanced Settings” in this User Guide.

If you have a wireless Ethernet card on your PC, you can connect to your NB8W by following these steps:

1. Connect the NB8W as in the diagram above, except for Point 1;

2. Enable the wireless connectivity of your PC;

3. Search for available wireless networks;

4. The default name (SSID) of the NB8W’s wireless network, ‘wireless’, will appear;

5. Connect to the SSID ‘wireless’ and when prompted, enter the default HEX password which is A1B2C3D4E5;

6. Proceed with ‘Establishing an ADSL link via PPPoE’ above.

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Computer Hardware Configuration

This section provides instructions for conﬁguring the TCP/IP (Network) settings on your computer to work with your Modem. These steps are only required if you are having trouble accessing your Modem.

Windows® XP PCs

1. In the Windows task bar, click the Start button, and then click Control Panel.

2. Click on Network & Internet Connections icon. (Category mode only).

3. Click the Network Connections icon.

4. In the LAN or High-Speed Internet window, right-click on the icon corresponding to your network interface card (NIC) and select Properties. (Often, this icon is labelled Local Area Connection).

5. The Local Area Connection dialog box displays with a list of currently installed network items. Ensure that the check box to the left of the item labelled Internet Protocol (TCP/ IP) is checked. Select Internet Protocol TCP/IP and click on Properties.

6. In the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties dialog box, click the radio button labelled

Obtain an IP address automatically. Also click the radio button labelled Obtain DNS server address automatically.

7. Click OK twice to conﬁrm your changes, and close the Control Panel.

Windows 2000 PCs

First, check for the IP protocol and, if necessary, install it:

1. In the Windows task bar, click the Start button, point to Settings, and then click Control Panel.

2. Double-click the Network and Dial-up Connections icon.

3. In the Network and Dial-up Connections window, right-click the Local Area Connection icon, and then select Properties.

4. In the Local Area Connection Properties dialog box, select Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), and then click Properties

5. In the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties dialog box, click the radio button labelled Obtain an IP address automatically. Also click the radio button labelled Obtain DNS server address automatically.

6. Click OK twice to conﬁrm and save your changes, and then close the Control Panel.

Windows Me PCs

1. In the Windows task bar, click the Start button, point to Settings, and then click Control Panel.

2. Click on View All Control Panel Options.

3. Double-click the Network icon.

4. The Network Properties dialog box displays with a list of currently installed network components. If the list includes Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), then the protocol has already been enabled. Skip to step 10.

5. If Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) does not display as an installed component, click Add…

6. In the Select Network Component Type dialog box, select Protocol, and then click Add…

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7. Select Microsoft in the Manufacturers box.

8. Select Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) in the Network Protocols list, and then click OK. You may be prompted to install ﬁles from your Windows ME installation CD or other media. Follow the instructions to install the ﬁles. If prompted, click OK to restart your computer with the new settings.

Next, conﬁgure the PC to accept IP information assigned by the modem:

9. Follow steps 1 – 4 above..

10. In the Network Properties dialog box, select TCP/IP, and then click Properties. If you have multiple TCP/IP listings, select the listing associated with your network card or adapter.

11. In the TCP/IP Settings dialog box, click the radio button labelled Obtain an IP address automatically.

12. Click OK twice to conﬁrm and save your changes, and then close the Control Panel.

Windows 95, 98 PCs

First, check for the IP protocol and, if necessary, install it:

1. In the Windows task bar, click the Start button, point to Settings, and then click Control Panel.

2. Double-click the Network icon.

3. The Network dialog box displays with a list of currently installed network components. If the list includes TCP/IP, and then the protocol has already been enabled. Skip to step

4. If TCP/IP does not display as an installed component, click Add… The Select Network Component Type dialog box displays.

5. Select Protocol, and then click Add… The Select Network Protocol dialog box displays.

6. Click on Microsoft in the Manufacturers list box, and then click TCP/IP in the Network Protocols list box.

7. Click OK to return to the Network dialog box, and then click OK again. You may be prompted to install ﬁles from your Windows 95/98 installation CD. Follow the instructions to install the ﬁles.

8. Click OK to restart the PC and complete the TCP/IP installation.

Next, conﬁgure the PCs to accept IP information assigned by the Modem:

9. Follow steps 1 – 3 above.

10. Select the network component labelled TCP/IP, and then click Properties. If you have multiple TCP/IP listings, select the listing associated with your network card or adapter.

11. In the TCP/IP Properties dialog box, click the IP Address tab.

12. Click the radio button labelled Obtain an IP address automatically.

13. Click OK twice to conﬁrm and save your changes. You will be prompted to restart Windows.

14. Click Yes.

Note: For detailed information regarding the advanced features of this product,

refer to the Advanced Settings sections.

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Advanced Settings

Your NB8/NB8W has many advanced features that you may want or need to use in the future. Let’s start by taking a look at the menus in the web interface.

1. Login to the NB8/NB8W web interface (http://192.168.1.1);

2. Enter your username & password (default is ‘admin’ / ‘admin’);

The NB8/NB8W has the following main menu items:

• Basic

• Wireless (NB8W only)

• Management

• Advanced

• Status

Let’s explore these menus in detail.

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Basic

Basic>Home

The ﬁrst page you see after you have successfully setup your NB8/NB8W is the Basic > Home which provides a summary of the status of your NB8/NB8W:

Field Description

Software Version The current version of software (ﬁrmware) loaded

into your NB8/NB8W

Bootloader (CPE) Version The version of the bootloader Wireless Driver Version The version of the wireless driver Line Rate – Upstream The upstream line rate in Kbps (e.g. 256Kbps) Line Rate – Downstream The downstream line rate in Kbps. (e.g. 1500 Kbps) LAN IP Address The IP address to access the NB8/NB8W on the LAN

side

Default Gateway The default gateway that your NB8/NB8W

communicates with

Primary DNS Server The primary DNS server IP address Secondary DNS Server The secondary DNS server IP address

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Basic>ADSL Quick Setup

The NB8/NB8W can be opened in a Web Browser window of a computer attached to the device by entering the Web address http://192.168.1.1. Enter User ID: admin and password: admin.

The ‘ADSL Quick Setup’ page will then be displayed when the device is ﬁrst started, or if you have deleted your WAN connection settings or reset the NB8/NB8W to factory defaults. The ‘ADSL Quick Setup’ screen appears as follows:

Field Description

User ID The PPPoE username issued by your ISP (e.g.

user@isp.com.au)

Password The PPPoE password issued by your ISP

Save & Reboot This button saves your settings, reboots the NB8/

NB8W and connects to the Internet. Once completed you will be returned to the ‘Basic > Home’ page

Click on Save & Reboot, close the browser window and wait several minutes. Then re-open browser window, if you are not automatically re-directed, and log into NB8/NB8W again following the steps above. You will then see the Basic > Home page indicating your ADSL service status. Proceed to conﬁgure Wireless, if required.

NOTES:

* PPPoE (Point to Point Protocol over Ethernet) is the standard connection

method for Australian ISPs.

** ADSL is ‘UP’: this means the ADSL Synch Light must be steady green

If you do not have a PPPoE connection you can click on the link ‘Click

Here for Other Connection Types...’ which will take you to the page from where you can select a different connection type.

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Wireless (NB8W only)

Wireless Setup

The NB8W serves as an 802.11g Wireless Access Point, with enhanced capabilities provided by Broadcom’s XPressTM technology. The ﬁrst screen in the Wireless menus is as follows:

Field Enter

Enable Wireless Check Enable Wireless to turn on wireless

transmission

Hide Access Point If this is checked, wireless clients will need to know

the SSID (=wireless network name) if they wish to join the network. If Hide Access point is unchecked, the SSID will be broadcast to any wireless client in range

SSID ‘Station Set Identiﬁer’, or network name; replace

with name of your choice. All stations must be conﬁgured with the correct SSID to access the WLAN. If the SSID does not match, the wireless client will not be able to join the network. Min one character, max 32.

BSSID The BSSID is a 48-bit identity used to identify a

particular BSS (Basic Service Set) within an area. In Infrastructure BSS networks, the BSSID is the MAC (Media Access Control) address of the AP (Access Point) and in Independent BSS or ad-hoc networks, the BSSID is generated randomly.

Country Defaults to Australia

When settings are entered, click Save/Apply

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Wireless Security Quick Setup

Security settings are used to prevent unauthorised connection to your network. This can be as basic as a neighbouring user who detects and is able to connect through your wireless network, right through to actual malicious interference or ‘hacking’. Whatever the case, it is a good practise to be aware of and to use wireless network security to safeguard your data and your network

Prior to considering the details of wireless security – provided later – the Quick Security Setup explains how to implement basic security on your NB8W wireless network.

Quick Security Setup 1: WEP Security

Your NB8W has WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) encryption enabled by default. Your network will not be available to passer-by or non-authorised users, and any workstation wishing to connect to your NB8W must know the SSID (wireless network name) and WEP key values.

Turn on wireless, and set the SSID or wireless network name in the Wireless Setup Screen:

Default SSID: wireless. This can continue to be used or changed to the name of your choice.

Next, click on Wireless>Security. You should see that WEP encryption is enabled by default.

Click on Set Encryption Key button to either check, or change, the WEP encryption key:

Default WEP Key: A1B2C3D4E5

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You are able to change these values however it is strongly recommended that security is not turned off. It is also recommended that your SSID or network name not advertise your actual name but be kept ‘generic’ or anonymous.

Note: WEP Security is the appropriate choice if the network clients that wish to

connect include 802.11b standard NICs.

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Quick Security Setup 2 – WPA-PSK

If an stronger network security setting is required, go to Wireless>Security and select WPAPSK from the drop-down menu. Enter a Network Key of your own choice; this can be from 8 to 63 characters and contain special characters and spaces.

Select TKIP from WPA encryption

Leave WEP as disabled.

Users wishing to connect to your network will need to know the SSID name and the WPA Pre-Shared Key.

Note: Wireless client network cards must be WPA-compliant to connect

to your network; if in doubt check the wireless client network card documentation, or use WEP security (above).

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Wireless Security in Detail

The following provides a detailed summary of wireless terms and acronyms and more in-depth explanations of the topic. It assumes little prior knowledge of wireless networking and is aimed at providing background for the terminology used in the NB8W Wireless Security screens.

Warning: Wireless Networking is a technically challenging subject!

Authentication and Encryption

The two major aims of wireless network security are:

(1) to prevent unauthorised persons from joining the network and

(2) to prevent interception of network data or ‘eavesdropping’. These aims are

accomplished by:

• Authentication: establishes the identity of those seeking to join the network

• Encryption: ensures that data is protected in such a way that those outside the network cannot access it.

Network Keys

The term ‘network key’ is often used in the context of wireless networking. The Network Key can be a text string, although in some systems network keys are generated from a ‘pass-phrase’ which is entered in one ﬁeld from which up to four keys are derived in ﬁelds underneath the entry ﬁeld.

In all cases, the Wireless Router/Access Point and the workstations wishing to connect must use the same Network Key which needs to be communicated to clients prior to connection.

‘Re-keying’ refers to the frequency with which network keys are changed; for security purposes, they need to be changed frequently in case they re-occur frequently enough to identify them.

In some wireless systems, network keys are entered by a variety of means including:

• ASCII – any letter, number, or punctuation mark but no special characters

• Hex – Letters A-F, Numbers 0-9 only

• Pass phrase – enter a phrase in the top ﬁeld of a set of ﬁelds, an algorithm then generates a series of keys based on the entered values.

These methods have been standardised in the later implementations of Wireless Security and are easier to use in WPA.

WEP and WPA

‘WEP’ stands for Wireless Equivalent Privacy and was the original wireless security method. Over time it was found to be vulnerable to attacks based on de-coding the ‘keys’ used to encrypt the data. While no longer recommended for enterprise-level security, WEP is certainly secure from casual interception and will repel any non-specialised attempt to join the network or intercept data; it can be penetrated with various kinds of software tools and techniques but these are beyond the capability of the average computer user.

‘WPA’ stands for Wi-Fi Protected Access and is an improvement on WEP. WPA2 offers further reﬁnements to WPA.

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WPA and WPA2 both comprise a number of different wireless security elements and methods that can be adapted to a variety of situations depending on the requirements. A lot of what is provided is applicable to enterprise-level wireless networking, in other words, suitable for businesses who wish to deploy strict security methods and policies for their employees. Accordingly, these technologies will exceed the requirements of home users.

An important element of WPA security is a RADIUS server (stands for Remote Access Dial-in User Service). The RADIUS server typically sits in the server room of a business or department and authenticates and manages user requests for connection. Home users will generally never have to bother about RADIUS server details.

In nearly all cases, the default security method, which is WEP, or WPA-PSK will provide adequate security for home wireless networks.

Other wireless security elements shall be explained in context below.

Network Authentication

Network Authentication speciﬁes the type of network authentication. The default value is ‘Open’.

Open: Under Open System authentication, any wireless

station can request authentication.

Shared: Under Shared Key authentication, each wireless

station is assumed to have received a secret shared key over a secure channel that is independent from the 802.11 wireless network communications channel (i.e. verbally). To use Shared Key authentication, you must have a network key assigned to the clients trying to connect to your NB8W.

802.1X

802.1X security requires the presence of a RADIUS server, and speciﬁcation of the IP address of a RADIUS server, the port on which to connect to it, and the Shared Key used to authenticate with it.

Disregard this security setting unless you are setting up or connecting to a RADIUS server.

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WPA

WPA also requires a RADIUS server to provide client authentication. 802.1X also requires speciﬁcation of the ‘WPA Group Rekey Interval’ which is the rate that the RADIUS server sends a new Group Key out to all clients. The Re-Keying process is part of WPA’s enhanced security. This method also requires speciﬁcation of the IP address of a RADIUS server, the port on which to connect to the RADIUS server, and the shared key used to authenticate with the RADIUS server.

WPA-PSK

WPA-PSK is a special mode of WPA providing strong encryption without access to a RADIUS server.

In this mode encryption keys are automatically changed (rekeyed) and authentication re-established between devices after a speciﬁed period referred to as the ‘WPA Group Rekey Interval’.

WPA-PSK is far superior to WEP and provides stronger protection for the home/SOHO user for two reasons: ﬁrst, the process used to generate the encryption key is very rigorous and second, the rekeying (or key changing) is done very quickly. This stops even the most determined hacker from gathering enough data to identify the key and so break the encryption.

WEP is confusing because of the various types of ‘network keys’ vendors use (HEX, ASCII, or passphrase) and because home users mix and match equipment from multiple vendors, all using different types of keys. But WPA-PSK employs a consistent, easy to use method to secure your network. This method uses a passphrase (also called a shared secret) that must be entered in both the NB8W and the wireless clients. This shared secret can be between 8 and 63 characters and can include special characters and spaces. The ‘WPA Pre-Shared Key’ should be a random sequence of either keyboard characters (upper and lowercase letters, numbers, and punctuation) at least 20 characters long, or hexadecimal digits (numbers 0-9 and letters A-F) at least 24 hexadecimal digits long.

Note: The less obvious, longer and more ‘random’ your ‘WPA Pre-Shared Key’,

the more secure your network.

Note the following ‘WPA Encryption’ options:

TKIP: The Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP) takes

over after the initial shared secret is entered in your wireless devices and handles the encryption and automatic rekeying.

AES: WPA deﬁnes the use of Advanced Encryption

Standard (AES) as an additional replacement for WEP encryption. Because you may not be able to add AES support through a ﬁrmware update to your existing wireless clients / equipment, support for AES is optional and is dependent on vendor driver support.

TKIP+AES: This will allow either TKIP or AES wireless clients

to connect to your NB8W.

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WPA2

‘WPA Pre-authentication’ support in WPA2 allows a client to pre-authenticate with the NB8W toward which it is moving, while maintaining a connection to the access point it’s moving away from. This new capability allows the roaming to occur in less than 1/10th of a second while a traditional roam without PMK caching and pre-authentication would take more than one second. Time-sensitive applications like Citrix or video will all break without fast roaming.

‘Network Re-Auth Interval’ is the interval speciﬁed (seconds) that the wireless client needs to reauthenticate with the NB8W.

For the remainder of the ﬁelds required, see above.

WPA2-PSK: Same as WPA-PSK, but you can only use AES with

WPA2 and not WPA.

Mixed WPA2/WPA: Enables WPA2 or WPA wireless clients to connect

to the NB8W. Requires a RADIUS server to authenticate the wireless clients.

Mixed WPA2/WPA-PSK: Enables WPA2 and WPA clients to authenticate using

a PSK (Pre-Shared Key) instead of a RADIUS server.

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Wireless Configuration

To enter advanced settings for the wireless network hosted by the NB8W, click on Wireless > Conﬁguration:

Many of these ﬁelds may not need to be altered and may require interpretation by a network engineer.

Field Name About

AP Isolation ‘On’: ’wireless clients associated with the access

point will only be able to communicate with the Access Point

‘Off’: wireless clients associated with the Access

Point will be able to connect to each other ‘peer-topeer

Band [Not alterable by end-user]

Channel The default channel is 11. The 802.11b/g network is

divided into 14 channels in Australia. Each channel broadcasts on a slightly different frequency; if you are getting interference from adjacent wireless networks, make a note of the channels that these are operating on and change your channel accordingly.

Rate Default rate is ‘Auto’ and operates at the 54 Mbps

data rate when possible but drops to lower rates when necessary, dependent on signal strength and the capacity of the client stations.

Multicast Rate Leave at default setting ‘Auto’ unless there is a

speciﬁc requirement for multicast.

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Basic Rate Leave as default

Fragmentation Threshold Enter a value between 256 (min) and 2346 (max).

A threshold, speciﬁed in bytes, that determines

whether packets will be fragmented and at what size. On an 802.11 WLAN, packets that exceed the fragmentation threshold are fragmented, i.e., split into smaller units suitable for the circuit size. Packets smaller than the speciﬁed fragmentation threshold value are not fragmented.

If you experience a high packet error rate, try to

slightly increase your ‘Fragmentation Threshold’. The value should remain at its default setting of 2346 unless you are troubleshooting wireless network issues. Setting the ‘Fragmentation Threshold’ too low may result in poor performance.

RTS Threshold Request To Send, set in bytes, speciﬁes the packet

size beyond which the WLAN Card invokes its RTS/CTS (Clear To Send) mechanism. Packets that exceed the speciﬁed RTS threshold trigger the RTS/ CTS mechanism. The NIC (Network Interface Card) transmits smaller packet without using RTS/CTS.

The default setting of 2347 (maximum length)

disables RTS Threshold.

DTIM Interval Delivery Trafﬁc Indication Message (DTIM), also

known as Beacon Rate. The entry range is a value between 1 and 65535. A DTIM is a countdown informing clients of the next window for listening to broadcast and multicast messages. When the NB8W has buffered broadcast or multicast messages for associated clients, it sends the next DTIM with a DTIM Interval value. AP Clients hear the beacons and awaken to receive the broadcast and multicast messages. The default is 1.

Beacon Interval The amount of time between beacon transmissions.

Each beacon transmission identiﬁes the presence of an wireless client (or access point). By default, WLAN passively scan all RF channels and listen for beacons coming from access points to ﬁnd a suitable access point.

Before a station (wireless client) enters power save

mode, the station needs the beacon interval to know when to wake up to receive the beacon (and learn whether there are buffered frames at the access point).

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The entered value is represented in ms. Default is

100. Acceptable entry range is 1 to 0xffff (65535).

XpressTM Technology Select ‘enable’ to activate in-built Xpress

Technology

54gTM Mode Select the mode to ‘54g Auto’ for the widest

compatibility. Select the mode to ‘54g Performance’ for the fastest performance with 54g certiﬁed equipment. Set the mode to ‘54g LRS’ if you are experiencing difﬁculty communicating with legacy

802.11b equipment.

54g Protection In ‘Auto’ mode the NB8W will use RTS/CTS to

improve 802.11g performance in mixed 802.11g/

802.11b networks. Turn protection ‘Off’ to maximize

802.11g throughput under most conditions.

WMM (Wi-Fi Multimedia) WMM stands for Wi-Fi Multimedia, that provides

features that improve the user experience for audio, video and voice applications over a Wi-Fi networks.

About XpressTM Technology

XpressTM Technology is a Broadcom innovation that dramatically improves wireless performance for suitably equipped client workstations while ensuring compatibility with 802.11b and 802.11g devices. Basically, XpressTM will communicate at the maximum rate sustainable for each class of device, and also provide very fast data transfer rates with other XpressTM-compatible network devices allowing a total theoretical bandwidth of 108Mbps.

If you are communicating with XpressTM-equipped wireless network client machines, enable XpressTM ; otherwise, don’t enable.

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Wireless > Mac Filter

The Wireless > MAC Filter page displays the following:

This function allows wireless access to be restricted or allowed based on the MAC address of the client device. When MAC address ﬁltering is enabled, access is restricted to the clients that are listed as allowing to connect to the NB8W.

Note: PROCEED CAREFULLY with this feature because if you deny or exclude

your own MAC address you will lose contact with the device and need to re-set the device and restore your details.

MAC ﬁltering is enabled for a list of speciﬁc MAC addresses and can be set to Deny or Allow.

Field Name Comment

MAC Restrict Mode Off – disables MAC ﬁltering.

Allow – permits access for the speciﬁed MAC

address.

Deny – Rejects access for speciﬁed MAC address.

Click the ‘Set’ button when done.

Add / Remove To Add or Remove a MAC address use these buttons.

How to find your MAC address

Go to Start>Run. Enter CMD and press enter. At the command prompt, type IPCONFIG/ALL.

The MAC address is referred to as a ‘physical address’ by Windows. It is always in the format of six groups of two characters separated by a hyphen. If the NB8W does not recognise the address as valid, enter the values separated by a colon : instead of a hyphen.

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Wireless > Bridge

Wireless bridge mode is used to provide a wireless link between WLAN segments to provide greater coverage or to extend network size and reach. If a wireless router is used in bridge mode, then Access Point functionality is disabled. Network Bridges operate to ‘bridge’ two network segments on the ‘physical’ or MAC link layer. This section describes how to conﬁgure the NB8W in bridge mode.

To access the Wireless Bridge feature click on Wireless> Wireless Bridge:

Above, default setting for NB8W to act as Access Point.

Field Name Comment

AP Mode Allows you to choose between Access Point or

Wireless Bridge mode.

Bridge Restrict If AP Mode is set to Bridge, and this ﬁeld set to

Enabled, it allows you to specify from choice of available bridge(s).

Bridge Restrict disabled Any wireless bridge within range may connect.

Enabled (Scan) Scans for available wireless bridges and displays

MAC address of any that it has found. Click ‘Refresh’ to initiate scan if required, then select bridge of choice.

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Wireless > Station Info

This page shows the MAC address of authenticated wireless stations that are connected to the NB8W and their status. In the example below there is one workstation attached to the wireless network.

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Management

Management > Device Settings > Backup

Backup enables you to save a copy of the NB8/NB8W conﬁguration ﬁle. This can be re-loaded to restore your settings should you need to reset the device to its factory defaults.

The default ﬁle name is backupsettings.conf, or give it an explanatory name (e.g. NB8WHome.conf) and save it to somewhere safe on your computer.

Management > Device Settings > Update

The Update option under ‘Management > Device Settings’ enables you to load a previously saved conﬁguration ﬁle. Click on browse, navigate to the .conﬁg ﬁle and then click on update settings to restore settings.

Management > Device Settings > Restore Default

Clicking the ‘Restore Default Conﬁguration’ button in the Management > Restore Settings screen will restore the original factory default settings on your NB8/NB8W.

Note 1: This entry has the same effect as the hardware reset-to-default button

on the rear of the NB8/NB8W. The NB8/NB8W hardware and the boot loader support the reset to default button. If the reset button is continuously pushed for more than 5 seconds, the boot loader will erase the entire conﬁguration data saved on the ﬂash memory.

Note 2: Restoring system settings requires a system reboot. This necessitates

that the current Web UI session be closed and restarted.

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Management > Device Settings > Update Firmware

The ‘Update Firmware’ screen allows you to obtain an updated ﬁrmware image ﬁle from NetComm. Manual software upgrades from a locally stored ﬁle can be uploaded using this screen by selecting a ﬁrmware ﬁle saved to your hard-disk and clicking the ‘Update Firmware’ button.

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Management > SNMP

The Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) allows a network administrator to monitor a network by retrieving settings on remote network devices. To do this, the administrator typically runs an SNMP management station program such as MIB browser on a local host to obtain information from the SNMP agent, in this case the NB8/NB8W (if SNMP enabled). An SNMP ‘community’ performs the function of authenticating SNMP trafﬁc. A ‘community name’ acts as a password that is typically shared among SNMP agents and managers.

The ‘System Log’ option under the Status menu allows you to view the system event log, or to conﬁgure the ‘System Log’ options.

Field Means

Read Community Read device settings.

Set Community Read and change device settings.

System Name Default = NB8/NB8W.

System Location User-deﬁned value.

System Contact User-deﬁned value.

Trap Manager IP IP Address of admin machine.

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Management > SNTP

The SNTP option under Management menu conﬁgures the NB8/NB8W’s time automatically by synchronizing with Internet time servers.

Note: The NB8/NB8W is conﬁgured to Australian EST by default.

Tick the corresponding box displayed on the screen. Then click Save/Apply.

Access Control > Services

The Services Option limits or enables selective access via the LAN or WAN via the following services:

Enable the service by checking the corresponding box and clicking SAVE/APPLY. You will note that all services are enabled for LAN clients and disabled for WAN clients by default.

CAUTION: If you disable HTTP access from the LAN then you may not be able to

open the NB8/NB8W in your Web Browser!

EXAMPLE 1: You need to access your NB8/NB8W via the Internet from a remote

location through a Web browser. Method: enable WAN access for HTTP and click Save and Apply. Then enter the address http://[WAN_IP_NB8/ NB8W] in the browser address bar of the remote machine.

EXAMPLE 2: Assume that you already have a web server on your LAN behind the

NB8W that people connect to from the Internet. You have entered a ‘Port Forwarding’ entry that forwards incoming trafﬁc on the WAN on port 80 to the LAN IP of the web server on port 80 (default for HTTP trafﬁc). If you enable HTTP WAN access to the NB8/NB8W you will be notiﬁed that the default port to access the NB8/NB8W has been updated to port

8080. Therefore, your web server will not need to be reconﬁgured, and you can access your NB8/NB8W on the WAN side using address http:// WAN_IP_OF_NB8/NB8W:8080. The same applies for other services that use conﬂicting ports setup in your NB8/NB8W.

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Access Control > IP Addresses

The IP Addresses option limits the Access>Services by IP address. If the Access Control Mode is enabled, only the listed IP addresses can access the NB8/NB8W for the speciﬁed services. Before the service is enabled, specify the IP addresses by clicking the Add button and entering the address details. Enter the IP address and click Apply to allow access.

Save & Reboot

The Save/Reboot option saves the current conﬁguration and reboots the NB8/NB8W. Close the NB8/NB8W’s Conﬁguration window and wait for 2 minutes before reopening your web browser. If necessary, reconﬁgure your PC’s IP address to match your new conﬁguration if you have disabled the DHCP server running in your NB8/NB8W (see Computer Hardware Conﬁguration).

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Advanced

Advanced > WAN

Clicking on the ‘Advanced’ menu displays the following:

This screen provides a summary of the current WAN interfaces you have conﬁgured. If you have connected the NB8/NB8W to ADSL through the ADSL Quick Setup interface, details of the connection will be summarised here.

Setting up a WAN proﬁle goes through a set of steps which establishes connection parameters covering the following:

Field Means

VPI/VCI Always 8/35 in Australia Con. ID Sequence number of connection (e.g. 1,2…) Category ATM Service Category; leave as default Service Name of connection: give this a name you will

recognise (e.g. ISP name)

Interface Current WAN interface name Protocol Bridge or Router Mode IGMP Enable/Disable IGMP proxy NAT Enable/Disable NAT (leave enabled unless advised

otherwise by tech support)

Firewall Enable/Disable Firewall (leave enabled unless

advised otherwise by tech support)

QoS Enable/Disable QoS State Enable/Disable this WAN connection

Once settings are entered, click Save. Connection status can be checked under Status>Diagnostics.

Choosing a WAN Profile

In the event that you wish to set up several connection proﬁles on your NB8/NB8W for use in different locations OR with different ADSL services

• click ‘Add’ to add the next connection proﬁle

• Repeat set up steps above

You are able to cycle through connection proﬁles in the Status>Diagnostics window; if more than one WAN proﬁle exists, a button will displayed for Next Connection in the sequence.

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Alternative Connection Types (Inc PPPoA)

In the event that you wish to set up an alternative connection type, for example a PPPoA connection rather than the more common PPPoE type, this is done in the following screen which is accessed from Advanced>WAN>New. Select required connection type, click on Next and follow the prompts.

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Advanced > LAN

Conﬁgure the NB8/NB8W’s LAN IP address and subnet mask. Save button only saves the LAN conﬁguration data. Save/Reboot button saves the LAN conﬁguration data and reboots the NB8/ NB8W to make the new conﬁguration effective.

Field Means

LAN IP Address Default: 192.168.1.1. The LAN IP address of your

NB8/NB8W.

LAN Subnet Mask Default: 255.255.255.0. The subnet mask of your

NB8/NB8W. A subnet mask is used to determine what subnet an IP address belongs to. For more information on subnetting see http://www.ralphb. net/IPSubnet/.

Loopback IP Address The Loopback address is a special IP number

(127.0.0.1) that is designated for the software loopback interface of a machine. The loopback interface has no hardware associated with it, and it is not physically connected to a network. It is purely there for test purposes.

Loopback Subnet Mask Default: 255.0.0.0. The subnet mask for the loopback

address.

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Field Means

Enable UPnP Universal plug and play (UPnP) allows trafﬁc to pass

through the NB8/NB8W for applications using the UPnP protocol. This feature requires one active WAN connection. In addition, the client connecting to the NB8/NB8W should support this feature.

UPnP also supports NAT Traversal which

can automatically solve many NAT-related communications problems. UPnP enables applications to assign dynamic port mappings to the NB8/NB8W and delete them when connections are complete.

A typical example is the MSN Messenger application

that runs on Windows. Instead of manually setting up the port mappings UPnP enables MSN Messenger to make the request to the NB8/NB8W which will setup these ports dynamically. When MSN Messenger is closed the port openings will be removed from the NB8/NB8W’s conﬁguration.

Conﬁgure the second IP address and subnet mask for

LAN interface. It is possible to conﬁgure a second IP address to access the NB8/NB8W on. Once this box is checked you are able to enter the IP address and subnet mask.

Disable DHCP Server Disables the DHCP server. Only to be done if Static

IP address is set up.

Enable DHCP Server Default: Enabled.

Start IP Address Default: 192.168.1.2. The ﬁrst IP address that will

be issued to the ﬁrst DHCP client connecting to the NB8/NB8W using Ethernet cable or wirelessly.

End IP Address Default: 192.168.1.254. The last IP address in the

DHCP pool to be issued to DHCP clients connecting to the NB8/NB8W.

Lease Time Default: 24 hours. The time an IP address is assigned

to a client before behind renewed.

Enable IGMP Snooping IGMP speciﬁes how a host can register a router in

order to receive speciﬁc multicast trafﬁc. IGMP Snooping allows the NB8/NB8W to capture IGMP frames. When your NB8/NB8W hears an IGMP report from a host for a given multicast group it adds the host’s port number for that group. When the NB8/ NB8W hears an IGMP Leave, it removes the host’s port from the table entry.

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Field Means

Without IGMP snooping, multicast trafﬁc is treated

in the same manner as broadcast trafﬁc - that is, it is forwarded to all ports. With IGMP snooping, multicast trafﬁc of a group is only forwarded to ports that have members of that group. IGMP Snooping generates no additional network trafﬁc, allowing you to signiﬁcantly reduce multicast trafﬁc passing through your NB8/NB8W.

Save Save the settings.

Save / Reboot Save and reboot with the settings applied.

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Advanced > NAT > Explanation

NAT stands for Network Address Translation, a process which converts private IP addresses of a computer on the internal private network to one or more public IP addresses for the Internet. NAT changes the packet headers to the new address and keeps track of each session; when packets come back from the Internet, it performs the reverse conversion to the IP address of the client machine.

Web applications operate through ‘open ports’ on devices attached to the Internet by initiating a query which opens a ‘communication session’ with the host through the open port. The presence of the NAT device prevents this process from occurring, as the NAT only admits incoming packets that have been elicited by an outgoing request; other packets are discarded.

However this causes connectivity problems, as any requests originating from applications on the other side of the NAT device - such as requests generated by network gaming and conferencing applications - will not be able to locate a port, and therefore a host, with which to communicate, as their requests are discarded by the NAT. Hence the terms ‘opening’, ‘forwarding’ and ‘mapping’ ports: these processes add information to the NAT table which allows the NAT router to direct incoming requests from selected applications to the appropriate port.

So Port Mapping tells the NAT router: ‘when a request arrives which is intended for TCP port 1357, don’t discard it, but direct it to such-and-such a port’. The port-mapping process invokes advanced routing functionality to ‘bind’ the Port Mapping request to the LAN client from which it originated.

A basic NAT operation is depicted in this illustration:

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Advanced > NAT > Port Forwarding

Note: This option is not available if your NB8/NB8W is in Bridge mode.

To display the NAT function, you need to have enabled the NAT feature in the WAN Setup. By default, NAT is enabled on your NB8/NB8W

Clicking on Advanced > NAT displays the following:

The Port Forwarding feature allows you to direct incoming trafﬁc from WAN side (identiﬁed by Protocol and External port) to the Internal server with private IP address on the LAN side. The Internal port is required only if the external port needs to be converted to a different port number used by the server on the LAN side. A maximum of 32 entries can be conﬁgured.

For example, you may want to setup an FTP server with IP address 192.168.1.110 on your LAN for people to connect to. The default port that an FTP server listens on is port 21. So, to this set this up you would do the following:

Click on ‘Add’ .

If you are setting up a common server (e.g FTP) you can select the type of server from the dropdown list. Selecting the server will automatically conﬁgure the necessary ports:

Enter the Server’s IP address (e.g. 192.168.1.110)

Click ‘Save / Apply’

Let’s take a look at the ﬁelds on this page.

Field Means

Select a Service Select a type of service you wish to host on your

LAN.

Custom Server Input the name for the custom server.

Server IP address The IP address of the server on your LAN. You

will notice that the ﬁrst 3 octets of the address are automatically input. (e.g. 192.168.1)

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Field Means

External Port Start The external port on the WAN side of your NB8/

NB8W that clients try to connect to. (e.g. port 80 on the WAN side for clients trying to connect to a web server).

External Port End The external port end on the WAN side of your NB8/

NB8W that clients try to connect to. (e.g. if you are running a service that requires a range of ports to be open you would enter the last port in the range here).

Protocol Select the protocol from the dropdown list. (e.g. if

you were hosting a video service you would select UDP).

Internal Port Start The internal port refers to the port on the server that

clients try to connect to. (e.g. port 80 on the WAN side for clients trying to connect to a web server).

Internal Port End The internal port end on the server that clients try

to connect to. (e.g. if you are running a service that requires a range of ports to be open you would enter the last port in the range here).

Save / Apply Save and Apply the settings.

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Advanced > NAT > Port Triggering

Port triggering is similar to Port Forwarding however where port forwarding is tied to a speciﬁc IP address, Port triggering is dynamic and is tied to a particular application event request. The ‘Custom Application’ settings, or the pre-sets that are provided by the application names in the drop-down menu, allows speciﬁc ports to be opened by the named applications. The ‘trigger’ is the outgoing request, which then ‘opens’ the ports speciﬁed in the Open Port Start-End range to enable the application to reply.

For this to work, you need to know the Outgoing Port(s) which the application uses to Send requests, and then specify the Open Port range for the reply. Some typical port ranges are as follows; for other applications, check the vendor websites.

Application Outgoing Port Reply Port

Battle.net 6112 6112

DialPad 7175 51200, 51201,51210

ICQ 4000 4000

ICU II 2019 2000-2038, 2050-2051, 2069,

2085,3010-3030

IRC 6667 531, 6666, 6667

MSN Gaming Zone 47624 2300-2400, 28800-29000

PC to Phone 12053 12120,12122, 24150-24220

Quick Time4 554 6970-6999

wowcall 8000 4000-4020

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Advanced > NAT > DMZ

A DMZ Host PC is set up ‘between’ your (private) LAN and the (public) WAN to allow access from the outside world to a speciﬁed and isolated zone on your network. It is most commonly used to provide access to a Web server or Game server without exposing the rest of your computers to the Internet. Enter the IP address of the DMZ computer and click ‘Save/Apply’. The computer with that IP address can then serve web pages or games to the outside world, while the rest of your network remains private.

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Advanced > Security > IP Filtering

Outgoing or Ingoing IP ﬁltering can restrict IP trafﬁc based on various criteria.

Field Name Comment

Filter Name Enter name for this ﬁlter/rule

Protocol Choose UDP/TCP or both

Source IP address

Source Subnet Mask

Source Port Either port or port range

Destination IP address

Destination Subnet Mask

Destination Port Either port or port range

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Advanced > Security > Parental Control

Parental Control allows NB8/NB8W administrator to restrict access according to hours of the day. Enter target machine’s MAC address and create a Rule Name (called ‘User Name’) and a time range. If you wish to restrict access from, say, 10:00pm until 6:30 in the morning, create two rules to cover the period 10:00-Midnight and midnight – 6:30

Parental Control: here the PC with MAC address 00:13:D3:06:DE:9B cannot access the NB8/ NB8W between 10:00pm and 07:30am.

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Advanced > QoS

Quality of Service offers a deﬁned level of performance in a data communications system. QoS controls allow you to assign priority to different data types according to their TOS ﬂag.

Field Enter

Traffic Class Name Create a descriptive Rule Name i.e. ‘FTP’ Priority Assign High Priority to FTP IP Precedence Leave blank unless advised by VSP or Network

Administrator

IP Type of Service Leave blank unless advised by VSP or Network

Administrator

Protocol UDP Source IP Address LAN IP address of NB8/NB8W i.e. 192.168.1.1 Source Subnet Mask Source Subnet Mask of same i.e. 255.255.255.0 Source Port Leave blank unless advised by VSP or Network

Administrator

Destination IP Address Leave blank unless advised by VSP or Network

Administrator

Destination Subnet Mask Leave blank unless advised by VSP or Network

Administrator

Destination Port Leave blank unless advised by VSP or Network

Administrator

802.1p Priority Leave blank unless advised by VSP or Network

Administrator

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Advanced > Routing > Default Gateway

Default Gateway is checked by default and ensures that the NB8/NB8W will accept the ﬁrst received IP address assigned to it by the DHCP server to which it connects. This will generally be the ISP’s server. You would only uncheck this if the NB8/NB8W was being used in Static Routing mode (see below).

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Advanced > Routing > Static Route

Static routing allows computers that are connected to the NB8/NB8W to communicate with computers on another LAN segment which are connected to the NB8/NB8W via another router. See diagram below for example setup:

To set a static route, click add and enter the relevant details in the ﬁelds e.g. 192.168.1.2

Field Entry

Destination Network Address LAN IP of destination address

Subnet Mask Enter Subnet Mask for same

Use Gateway IP Address Remote router gateway address

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Advanced > Routing > Dynamic Route

Dynamic routing makes use of the RIP protocol to allow the NB8/NB8W to adapt to changes in the network. RIP enables the device to determine the best route for each packet based on the ‘hop count’ or number of hops between Source and Destination.

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Status

Status > Diagnostics

Self explanatory. A series of indicators about various parameters of your broadband connection. Use to troubleshoot connection problems; in event of a fail signiﬁer, click on fail and follow troubleshooting instructions. Note the Ping Default Gateway is an optional parameter and fail may not affect connection.

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Status > System Log

Click on View System Log to view entries or on Conﬁgure to set parameters for log entries. Applicable to network or device engineers and administrators.

Field Description

Configure>Log Level Select level of application event to log

Display Level Select level of application event to display

Mode Remote admin, local admin or both

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Status > WAN

Displays summary of current WAN connection including your ‘Public’ WAN IP (last cell in display).

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Status > Route

Summarises parameters of IP route for device.

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Status > DHCP

Provides summary of DHCP leases provisioned by NB8/NB8W. Useful source to ﬁnd client machine MAC addresses.

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Appendix A: Configuring and using the Console Port

How to establish a console session.

STEP 1 Start a standard VT-100 program such as HyperTerminal (Ver. 5 is recommended), or

Telix in the local terminal; and select an open com port.

STEP 2 Enter the following port settings:

• Baud rate: 115200 bps

• Data bits: 8

• Parity: none

• Stop bit: 1

• Flow control: none

STEP 3 You will be prompted to enter a User name and Password, enter admin for User name

and admin for the Password.

STEP 4 The ﬁrst screen of the console interface will now display.

Pin Assignments for the Console Port (RJ45)

RJ45 Pin Deﬁnition RS232 Pin Deﬁnition

1 - 6 -

2 - 7 GND

3 RD 8 -

4 TD 9 -

5 - -

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Configuring with Console Port

Install system via console port:

1. Power everything down including your PCs and the NB8/NB8W.

2. Connect a straight through cable from one of your hub (or switch) to the LAN port on the back of the NB8/NB8W. Or connect a crossover network cable from your computer to the Ethernet port on the back of the NB8/NB8W.

3. Connect the RJ-11 telephone cable from your ADSL wall jack to the line port on the rear of the Router. Connect the RS-232D cable from your computer’s COM port to the console port on the rear of the NB8/NB8W.

4. Connect the power-adaptor to the power port on the rear of the NB8/NB8W, then connect to a power outlet using the power cord included in the NB8/NB8W’s packaging.

The PWR LED lights as soon as the power adapter is connected. The WAN-TST and

WAN-LNK LED ﬂashes for a few second s while the NB8/NB8W goes through its internal diagnostic test. The LED will turn off when the self-test is complete.

5. Power on your computer and login if you are asked to. When you reach the desktop, click the Start Program Accessories Communication HyperTerminal, select HyperTrm, then setup a new Terminals with 115200 bps, 8 data bits, non-parity, 1 stop bit, no ﬂow control, and connect using Direct to COMx.

6. Any key to enter the upgrade mode or don’t enter any key to wait normal system operation.

7. When you get into normal system operation, you can type “space” key to get the following screen.

Note: The cursor is controled via the ﬂowing keys:

“Up arrow” or “i”

“Down arrow” or “k” “Left arrow” or “j” “Right arrow” or “l”

8. When you use Hyper Terminal, the Screen will display as follows:

<Step 1> Create New Connection

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<Step 2> Click OK

<Step 3> Click OK’

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Example of RFC1483 Routed mode:

Example 1: RFC1483 Routed mode with a serial global IP address

Section 1: ISP provides the system parameters

ADSL Parameters

Protocol: RFC-1483 routed Encapsulation: LLC VPI/VCI: 8/35 IP address range: 211.77.10.122 to 211.77.10.126 Subnet mask: 255.255.255.248 Default gateway: 211.77.10.121 DNS: 168.95.1.1; 168.95.192.1

Section 2: Setup the parameters for the NB8/NB8W

1. Setup with router via console port or telnet:

2. Reset-default

3. Setup-System -Router

-lan

-address

-IP address: 211.77.10.121

-Subnet mask: 255.255.255.248

-address

-IP address: 192.168.16.200

-Subnet mask: 255.255.255.0

-link_type -1483 Routed

-wan

-vc

-vpi_vci: 8/35

-encapsulate: LLC

4. Save

5. After setting, restart the router.

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Section 3: Setup the parameters for computers (workstations)

1. Power on your computer and login if you are asked to.

2. When you reach the desktop, click Start>Setting>Control panel>Network and select TCP/IP protocol.

a. Select the IP address Tab

- Specify IP address

- IP address: 211.77.10.123

Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.248

b. Select the Gateway Tab - New gateway: 211.77.10.121 -add

c. Select DNS Conﬁguration Tab - 168.95.1.1 – add

168.95.192.1 - add

Section 4: How to verify the status

1. Monitor the status of the NB8/NB8W via the console port or telnet:

Monitor - adsl (check physical layer)

- route (check routing table )

- atm (check WAN port setting)

PING - IP (check the route)

2. Monitor the NB8/NB8W from computers using the DOS prompt:

Check computer itself: PING 211.77.10.122

Check ADSL router: PING 211.72.10.121

Check DNS router: PING 168.95.1.1

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Example 2: RFC1483 Routed plus NAT mode to create an internal virtual network

Section 1: ISP provides the system parameters

ADSL Parameters

Protocol: RFC-1483 routed

Encapsulation: LLC

VPI/VCI: 8/35

IP address range: 211.77.10.121

Subnet mask: 255.255.255.248

DNS: 168.95.1.1; 168.95.192.1

Section 2: Setup the parameters for the NB8/NB8W

1. Setup with the NB8/NB8W via console port or telnet:

2. Reset-default

3. Setup

-System -NAT

-address

-IP address: 211.77.10.121

-Subnet mask: 255.255.255.248

-link_type -1483 Routed

-wan

-vc

-vpi_vci: 8/35

4. Save

5. After setting, restart the NB8/NB8W.

Section 3: Setup the parameters for computers (workstations)

1. Power on your computer and login if you are asked to.

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2. When you reach the desktop, click the Start>Setting>Control panel>Network and select TCP/IP protocol. Select Obtain an IP address automatically

Section 4: How to verify the status

1. Monitor the status of the NB8/NB8W via the console port or telnet:

Monitor - adsl (check physical layer)

- route (check routing table)

- atm (check WAN port setting)

2. Monitor the NB8/NB8W from computers using the DOS prompt:

Check computer itself: PING 192.168.8.2

Check ADSL router: PING 192.168.8.1 and 211.77.10.121

Check DNS router: PING 168.95.1.1

Example of RFC1483 Bridged mode:

Section 1: ISP provides the system parameters

ADSL Parameters

Protocol: RFC-1483 bridged

Encapsulation: LLC

VPI/VCI: 8/35

Section 2: Setup the parameters for router

1. Setup the NB8/NB8W via the console port or telnet:

2. Reset-default

3. Setup

-wan

-vc

-vpi_vci: 8/35

4. Save

5. After setting, switch Power Off and On.

Section 3: How to verify the status

1. Monitor the status of the NB8/NB8W via the console port or telnet:

Monitor - adsl (check physical layer)

- route (check routing table)

- atm (check WAN port setting)

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Example of RFC2516 (PPPoE) plus NAT mode:

Section 1: ISP provides the system parameters

ADSL Parameters

Protocol: RFC2516 (PPPoE)

Encapsulation: LLC

VPI/VCI: 8/35

Section 2: Setup the parameters the NB8/NB8W

1. Setup the NB8/NB8W via the console port or telnet:

2. Reset-default

3. Setup

-System - PPPoE + NAT

-vc

-vpi_vci: 8/35

-encapsulate: LLC

-wan

-isp

-account (user’s name and password)

4. Save

5. After setting, restart the NB8/NB8W.

Section 3: Setup the parameters for your computers (workstations)

1. Power on your computer and login if you are asked to.

2. When you reach the desktop, click Start Setting>Control panel>Network and select TCP/IP protocol. Select Obtain an IP address automatically

Section 4: How to verify the status

1. Monitor the status of the NB8/NB8W via the console port or telnet:

Monitor - adsl (check physical layer)

- route (check routing table)

- atm (check WAN port setting)

2. Monitor the NB8/NB8W from computers using the DOS prompt:

Check computer itself: PING 192.168.8.2

Check ADSL router: PING 192.168.8.1

Check DNS router: PING 168.95.1.1

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Example of RFC2364 (PPPoA) plus NAT mode:

Section 1: ISP provides the system parameters

ADSL Parameters

Protocol: RFC2364 (PPPoA)

Encapsulation: LLC

VPI/VCI: 0/33

Section 2: Setup the parameters for router

1. Setup with router via console port or telnet:

2. Reset-default

3. Setup

-System - PPPoA + NAT

-vc

-vpi_vci: 8/35

-encapsulate: LLC

-wan

- isp

- account (user’s name and password)

4. Save

5. After setting, restart the NB8/NB8W.

Section 3: Setup the parameters for computers (workstations)

1. Power on your computer and login if you are asked to.

2. When you reach the desktop, click Start >Setting>Control panel>Network and select TCP/IP protocol. Select Obtain an IP address automatically

Section 4: How to verify the status

1. Monitor the status of the NB8/NB8W via the console port or telnet

Monitor - adsl (check physical layer)

- route (check routing table)

- atm (check WAN port setting)

2. Monitor the NB8/NB8W from computers using the DOS prompt:

Check computer itself: PING 192.168.8.2

Check ADSL router: PING 192.168.8.1

Check DNS router: PING 168.95.1.1

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Appendix B: Glossary

10BASE-T A designation for the type of wiring used by Ethernet

networks with a data rate of 10 Mbps. Also known as Category 3 (CAT 3) wiring. See also data rate, Ethernet.

100BASE-T A designation for the type of wiring used by Ethernet

networks with a data rate of 100 Mbps. Also known as Category 5 (CAT 5) wiring. See also data rate, Ethernet.

ADSL Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line. The most commonly

deployed type of DSL for home users. The term asymmetrical refers to its unequal data rates for downloading and uploading (the download rate is higher than the upload rate). The asymmetrical rates beneﬁt home users because they typically download much more data from the Internet than they upload.

analog Of data, having a form is analogous to the data’s origi-

nal waveform. The voice component in DSL is an analog signal. See also digital.

ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode A standard for high-speed

transmission of data, text, voice, and video, widely used within the Internet. ATM data rates range from 45 Mbps to 2.5 Gbps. See also data rate.

authenticate To verify a user’s identity, such as by prompting for a

password.

binary The “base two” system of numbers, that uses only two

digits, 0 and 1, to represent all numbers. In binary, the number 1 is written as 1, 2 as 10, 3 as 11, 4 as 100, etc. Although expressed as decimal numbers for convenience, IP addresses in actual use are binary numbers; e.g., the IP address 209.191.4.240 is 11010001.10111111.000001

00.11110000 in binary. See also bit, IP address, network mask.

bit Short for “binary digit,” a bit is a number that can have

two values, 0 or 1. See also binary.

bps bits per second

bridging Passing data from your network to your ISP and vice

versa using the hardware addresses of the devices at each location. Bridging contrasts with routing, which can add more intelligence to data transfers by using network addresses instead. The My ADSL Modem can perform both routing and bridging. Typically, when both functions are enabled, the device routes IP data and bridges all other types of data. See also routing.

broadband A telecommunications technology that can send different

types of data over the same medium. DSL is a broadband technology.

Broadcast To send data to all computers on a network.

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CO Central Ofﬁce A circuit switch that terminates all the local

access lines in a particular geographic serving area; a physical building where the local switching equipment is found. xDSL lines running from a subscriber’s home connect at their serving central ofﬁce.

DHCP Dynamic Host Conﬁguration Protocol DHCP automates

address assignment and management. When a computer connects to the LAN, DHCP assigns it an IP address from a shared pool of IP addresses; after a speciﬁed time limit, DHCP returns the address to the pool.

DHCP relay Dynamic Host Conﬁguration Protocol relay. A DHCP relay

is a computer that forwards DHCP data between computers that request IP addresses and the DHCP server that assigns the addresses. Each of the My ADSL Modem’s interfaces can be conﬁgured as a DHCP relay. See DHCP.

DHCP server Dynamic Host Conﬁguration Protocol server. A DHCP

server is a computer that is responsible for assigning IP addresses to the computers on a LAN. See DHCP.

digital Of data, having a form based on discrete values ex-

pressed as binary numbers (0’s and 1’s). The data component in DSL is a digital signal. See also analog.

DNS Domain Name System. The DNS maps domain names

into IP addresses. DNS information is distributed hierarchically throughout the Internet among computers called DNS servers. When you start to access a web site, a DNS server looks up the requested domain name to ﬁnd its corresponding IP address. If the DNS server cannot ﬁnd the IP address, it communicates with higher-level DNS servers to determine the IP address. See also domain name.

domain name A domain name is a user-friendly name used in place of

its associated IP address. For example, www.globespan. net is the domain name associated with IP address

209.191.4.240. Domain names must be unique; their assignment is controlled by the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN). Domain names are a key element of URLs, which identify a speciﬁc ﬁle at a web site, e.g., http://www.globespan.net/index.html. See also DNS.

download To transfer data in the downstream direction, i.e., from

the Internet to the user.

DSL Digital Subscriber Line A technology that allows both dig-

ital data and analog voice signals to travel over existing copper telephone lines.

Ethernet The most commonly installed computer network technol-

ogy, usually using twisted pair wiring. Ethernet data rates are 10 Mbps and 100 Mbps. See also BASE-T,100BASE-T, twisted pair.

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Filtering To screen out selected types of data, based on ﬁltering

rules. Filtering can be applied in one direction (upstream or downstream), or in both directions.

ﬁltering rule A rule that speciﬁes what kinds of data a routing device

will accept and/or reject. Filtering rules are deﬁned to operate on an interface (or multiple interfaces) and in a particular direction (upstream, downstream, or both).

Firewall Any method of protecting a computer or LAN connected

to the Internet from intrusion or attack from the outside. Some ﬁrewall protection can be provided by packet ﬁltering and Network Address Translation services.

FTP File Transfer Protocol - A program used to transfer ﬁles

between computers connected to the Internet. Common uses include uploading new or updated ﬁles to a web server, and downloading ﬁles from a web server.

GGP Gateway to Gateway Protocol. An Internet protocol that

speciﬁes how gateway routers communicate with each other.

Gbps Abbreviation for Gigabits (GIG-uh-bits) per second, or

one billion bits per second. Internet data rates are often expressed in Gbps.

GRE Generic Routing Encapsulation. TCP/IP protocol suite,

transport layer encapsulation protocol.

hop When you send data through the Internet, it is sent ﬁrst

from your computer to a router, and then from one router to another until it ﬁnally reaches a router that is directly connected to the recipient. Each individual “leg” of the data’s journey is called a hop.

hop count The number of hops that data has taken on its route to its

destination. Alternatively, the maximum number of hops that a packet is allowed to take before being discarded , See also TTL.

host A device (usually a computer) connected to a network.

HTTP Hyper-Text Transfer Protocol HTTP is the main protocol

used to transfer data from web sites so that it can be displayed by web browsers. See also web browser

ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol An Internet protocol

used to report errors and other network-related information. The ping command makes use of ICMP.

IGMP Internet Group Management Protocol An Internet protocol

that enables a computer to share information about its membership in multicast groups with adjacent routers. A multicast group of computers is one whose members have designated as interested in receiving speciﬁc content from the others. Multicasting to an IGMP group can be used to simultaneously update the address books of a group of mobile computer users or to send company newsletters to a distribution list.

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in-line ﬁlter See Microﬁlter

Internet The global collection of interconnected networks used for

both private and business communications.

intranet A private, company-internal network that looks like part

of the Internet (users access information using web browsers), but is accessible only by employees.

IP See TCP/IP.

IP address Internet Protocol address The address of a host (com-

puter) on the Internet, consisting of four numbers, each from 0 to 255, separated by periods, e.g., 209.191.4.240. An IP address consists of a network ID that identiﬁes the particular network the host belongs to, and a host ID uniquely identifying the host itself on that network. A network mask is used to deﬁne the network ID and the host ID. Because IP addresses are difﬁcult to remember, they usually have an associated domain name that can be speciﬁed instead. See also domain name, network mask.

ISP Internet Service Provider A company that provides Inter-

net access to its customers, usually for a fee.

LAN Local Area Network A network limited to a small geo-

graphic area, such as a home, ofﬁce, or small building.

LED Light Emitting Diode An electronic light-emitting device.

The indicator lights on the front of the My ADSL Modem are LEDs.

MAC address Media Access Control address The permanent hardware

address of a device, assigned by its manufacturer. MAC addresses are expressed as six pairs of characters.

mask See network mask.

Mbps Abbreviation for Megabits per second, or one million bits

per second. Network data rates are often expressed in Mbps.

Microﬁlter In splitterless deployments, a microﬁlter is a device that

removes the data frequencies in the DSL signal, so that telephone users do not experience interference (noise) from the data signals. Microﬁlter types include in-line (installs between phone and jack) and wall-mount (telephone jack with built-in microﬁlter). See also splitterless.

NAT Network Address Translation A service performed by

many routers that translates your network’s publicly known IP address into a Private IP address for each computer on your LAN. Only your router and your LAN know these addresses; the outside world sees only the public IP address when talking to a computer on your LAN.

NAT rule A deﬁned method for translating between public and pri-

vate IP addresses on your LAN.

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network A group of computers that are connected together, al-

lowing them to communicate with each other and share resources, such as software, ﬁles, etc.A network can be small, such as a LAN, or very large, such as the Internet.

network mask A network mask is a sequence of bits applied to an IP

address to select the network ID while ignoring the host ID. Bits set to 1 mean “select this bit” while bits set to 0 mean “ignore this bit.” For example, if the network mask

255.255.255.0 is applied to the IP address 100.10.50.1, the network ID is 100.10.50, and the host ID is 1. See also binary, IP address, subnet

NIC Network Interface Card An adapter card that plugs into

your computer and provides the physical interface to your network cabling, which for Ethernet NICs is typically an RJ-45 connector. See Ethernet, RJ-45.

packet Data transmitted on a network consists of units called

packets. Each packet contains a payload (the data), plus overhead information such as where it came from (source address) and where it should go (destination address).

ping Packet Internet (or Inter-Network) Groper A program

used to verify whether the host associated with an IP address is online. It can also be used to reveal the IP address for a given domain name.

port A physical access point to a device such as a computer

or router, through which data ﬂows into and out of the device.

POTS Plain Old Telephone Service Traditional analog telephone

service using copper telephone lines. Pronounced pots. See also PSTN.

POTS splitter See splitter.

PPP Point-to-Point Protocol A protocol for serial data transmis-

sion that is used to carry IP (and other protocol) data between your ISP and your computer. The WAN interface on the My ADSL Modem uses two forms of PPP called PPPoA and PPPoE. See also PPPoA, PPPoE.

PPPoA Point-to-Point Protocol over ATM One of the two types of

PPP interfaces you can deﬁne for a Virtual Circuit (VC), the other type being PPPoE. You can deﬁne only one PPPoA interface per VC.

PPPoE Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet One of the two

types of PPP interfaces you can deﬁne for a Virtual Circuit (VC),the other type being PPPoA. You can deﬁne one or more PPPoE interfaces per VC.

protocol A set of rules governing the transmission of data. In order

for a data transmission to work, both ends of the connection have to follow the rules of the protocol.

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remote In a physically separate location. For example, an

employee away on travel who logs in to the company’s intranet is a remote user.

RIP Routing Information Protocol The original TCP/IP routing

protocol. There are two versions of RIP: version and version II.

RJ-11 Registered Jack Standard-11 The standard plug used to

connect telephones, fax machines, modems, etc. to a telephone jack. It is a 6-pin connector usually containing four wires.

RJ-45 Registered Jack Standard-45 The 8-pin plug used in

transmitting data over phone lines. Ethernet cabling usually uses this type of connector.

routing Forwarding data between your network and the Internet

on the most efﬁcient route, based on the data’s destination IP address and current network conditions. A device that performs routing is called a router.

rule See ﬁltering rule, NAT rule.

SDNS Secondary Domain Name System (server) A DNS server

that can be used if the primary DSN server is not available. See DNS.

SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol The TCP/IP proto-

col used for network management.

splitter A device that splits off the voice component of the DSL

signal to a separate line, so that data and telephone service each have their own wiring and jacks. The splitter is installed by your telephone company where the DSL line enters your home. The CO also contains splitters that separate the voice and data signals, sending voice to the PSTN and data on high-speed lines to the Internet. See also CO, PSTN, splitterless, microﬁlter.

splitterless A type of DSL installation where no splitter is installed,

saving the cost of a service call by the telephone company. Instead, each jack in the home carries both voice and data, requiring a microﬁlter for each telephone to prevent interference from the data signal. ADSL is usually splitterless; if you are unsure if your installation has a splitter, ask your DSL provider. See also splitter, microﬁlter.

subnet A subnet is a portion of a network. The subnet is dis-

tinguished from the larger network by a subnet mask which selects some of the computers of the network and excludes all others. The subnet’s computers remain physically connected to the rest of the parent network, but they are treated as though they were on a separate network. See also network mask.

subnet mask A mask that deﬁnes a subnet. See also network mask.

TCP See TCP/IP.

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TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol The basic

protocols used on the Internet. TCP is responsible for dividing data up into packets for delivery and reassembling them at the destination, while IP is responsible for delivering the packets from source to destination. When TCP and IP are bundled with higher-level applications such as HTTP, FTP, Telnet, etc., TCP/IP refers to this whole suite of protocols.

Telnet An interactive, character-based program used to access a

remote computer. While HTTP (the web protocol) and FTP only allow you to download ﬁles from a remote computer, Telnet allows you to log into and use a computer from a remote location.

TFTP Trivial File Transfer Protocol. A protocol for ﬁle transfers,

TFTP is easier to use than File Transfer Protocol (FTP) but not as capable or secure.

TTL Time To Live A ﬁeld in an IP packet that limits the life

span of that packet. Originally meant as a time duration, the TTL is usually represented instead as a maximum hop count; each router that receives a packet decrements this ﬁeld by one. When the TTL reaches zero, the packet is discarded.

twisted pair The ordinary copper telephone wiring long used by tel-

ephone companies. It contains one or more wire pairs twisted together to reduce inductance and noise. Each telephone line uses one pair. In homes, it is most often installed with two pairs. For Ethernet LANs, a higher grade called Category 3 (CAT 3) is used for 10BASET networks, and an even higher grade called Category 5 (CAT 5) is used for 100BASE-T networks. See also 10BASE-T, 100BASE-T, Ethernet.

upstream The direction of data transmission from the user to the

Internet.

USB Universal Serial Bus A serial interface that lets you con-

nect devices such as printers, scanners, etc. to your computer by simply plugging them in. The My ADSL Modem is equipped with a USB interface for connecting to a standalone PC.

VC Virtual Circuit A connection from your ADSL router to your

ISP.

VCI Virtual Circuit Identiﬁer Together with the Virtual Path

Identiﬁer (VPI), the VCI uniquely identiﬁes a VC. Your ISP will tell you the VCI for each VC they provide. See also VC.

VPI Virtual Path Identiﬁer Together with the Virtual Circuit

Identiﬁer (VCI), the VPI uniquely identiﬁes a VC. Your ISP will tell you the VPI for each VC they provide. See also VC.

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WAN Wide Area Network Any network spread over a large geo-

graphical area, such as a country or continent. With respect to the My ADSL Modem, WAN refers to the Internet.

Web browser A software program that uses Hyper-Text Transfer Pro-

tocol (HTTP) to download information from (and upload to) web sites, and displays the information, which may consist of text, graphic images, audio, or video, to the user. Web browsers use Hyper-Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP). Popular web browsers include Netscape Navigator and Microsoft Internet Explorer. See also HTTP, web site, WWW.

Web page A web site ﬁle typically containing text, graphics and

hyperlinks (cross-references) to the other pages on that web site, as well as to pages on other web sites. When a user accesses a web site, the ﬁrst page that is displayed is called the Home page. See also hyperlink, web site.

Web site A computer on the Internet that distributes information

to (and gets information from) remote users through web browsers. A web site typically consists of web pages that contain text, graphics, and hyperlinks. See also hyperlink, web page.

WWW World Wide Web Also called (the) Web. Collective term for

all web sites anywhere in the world that can be accessed via the Internet.

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Appendix C: Cable Information

This cable information is provided for your reference only. Please ensure you only connect the appropriate cable into the correct socket on either this product or your computer.

If you are unsure about which cable to use or which socket to connect it to, please refer to the hardware installation section in this manual. If you are still not sure about cable connections, please contact a professional computer technician or NetComm for further advice.

RJ-45 Network Ports

RJ-45 Network Ports can connect any networking devices that use a standard LAN interface, such as a Hub/Switch Hub or Router. Use unshielded twisted-pair (UTP) or shield twisted-pair (STP) cable to connect the networking device to the RJ-45 Ethernet port. Depending on the type of connection, 10Mbps or 100Mbps, use the following Ethernet cable, as prescribed.

10Mbps: Use EIA/TIA-568-100-Category 3, 4 or 5 cable.

100Mbps: Use EIA/TIA-568-100-Category 5 cable.

Note: To prevent loss of signal, make sure that the length of any twisted-pair

connection does not exceed 100 metres.

Figure 1

Figure 2

RJ-45 plug attached to cable

RJ-45 Connector

Pin Assignment Normal Assignment

1 Input Receive Data + 2 Input Receive Data - 3 Output Transmit Data + 6 Output Transmit Data -

4,5,7,8 Not used

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Straight and crossover cable configuration

There are two types of the wiring: Straight-Through Cables and Crossover Cables. Category 5 UTP/ STP cable has eight wires inside the sheath. The wires form four pairs. Straight-Through Cables has same pinouts at both ends while Crossover Cables has a different pin arrangement at each end.

In a straight-through cable, wires 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 and 8 at one end of the cable are still wires 1~8 at the other end. In a crossover cable, the wires of 1,2,3,6 are reversed so that wire 1 become 3 at the other end of the cable, 2 becomes 6, and so forth.

To determine which wire is wire 1, hold the RJ-45 cable tip with the spring clip facing towards the ground and the end pointing away from you. The copper wires exposed upwards to your view. The ﬁrst wire on the far left is wire 1. You can also refer to the illustrations and charts of the internal wiring on the following page.

Straight-Through Cabling

Figure 3

Wire Becomes 1 1 2 2 3 3 6 6

Cross-Over Cabling

Figure 4

Wire Becomes 1 3 2 6 3 1 6 2

Note: To prevent loss of signal, make sure that the length of any twisted-pair

connection does not exceed 100 metres.

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Appendix D: Registration and Warranty Information

All NetComm Limited (“NetComm”) products have a standard 12 month warranty from date of purchase against defects in manufacturing and that the products will operate in accordance with the speciﬁcations outlined in the User Guide. However some products have an extended warranty option (please refer to your packaging). To be eligible for the extended warranty you must supply the requested warranty information to NetComm within 30 days of the original purchase by registering on-line via the NetComm web site at:

www.netcomm.com.au

Contact Information

If you have any technical difﬁculties with your product, please do not hesitate to contact NetComm’s Customer Support Department.

Email: support@netcomm.com.au

Fax: (+612) 9424-2010

Web: www.netcomm.com.au

This manual is copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of private study, research, criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright Act, no part may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form, by any means, be it electronic, mechanical, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of NetComm Limited. NetComm Limited accepts no liability or responsibility, for consequences arising from the use of this product. Please note that the images used in this document may vary slightly from those of the actual product. Speciﬁcations are accurate at the time of the preparation of this document but are subject to change without notice.

NetComm Limited reserves the right to change the speciﬁcations and operating details of this product without notice. NetComm is a registered trademark of NetComm Limited. All other trademarks are acknowledged the property of their respective owners.

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Customer Information

ACA (Australian Communications Authority) requires you to be aware of the following information and warnings:

(1) This unit shall be connected to the Telecommunication Network through a line cord which meets the

requirements of the ACA TS008 Standard.

(2) This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the Standards for C-Tick and or A-Tick as set

by the ACA. These standards are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio noise and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions detailed within this manual, may cause interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur with the installation of this product in your home or ofﬁce. If this equipment does cause some degree of interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, we encourage the user to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:

• Change the direction or relocate the receiving antenna.

• Increase the separation between this equipment and the receiver.

• Connect the equipment to an alternate power outlet on a different power circuit from that to which the receiver/TV is connected.

• Consult an experienced radio/TV technician for help.

(3) The power supply that is provided with this unit is only intended for use with this product. Do not use

this power supply with any other product or do not use any other power supply that is not approved for use with this product by NetComm. Failure to do so may cause damage to this product, ﬁre or result in personal injury.

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Product Warranty

The warranty is granted on the following conditions:

1. This warranty extends to the original purchaser (you) and is not transferable;

2. This warranty shall not apply to software programs, batteries, power supplies, cables or other accessories supplied in or with the product;

3. The customer complies with all of the terms of any relevant agreement with NetComm and any other reasonable requirements of NetComm including producing such evidence of purchase as NetComm may require;

4. The cost of transporting product to and from NetComm’s nominated premises is your responsibility; and,

5. NetComm does not have any liability or responsibility under this warranty where any cost, loss, injury or damage of any kind, whether direct, indirect, consequential, incidental or otherwise arises out of events beyond NetComm’s reasonable control. This includes but is not limited to: acts of God, war, riot, embargoes, acts of civil or military authorities, ﬁre, ﬂoods, electricity outages, lightning, power surges, or shortages of materials or labour.

6. The customer is responsible for the security of their computer and network at all times. Security features may be disabled within the factory default settings. NetComm recommends that you enable these features to enhance your security.

The warranty is automatically voided if:

1. You, or someone else, use the product, or attempts to use it, other than as speciﬁed by NetComm;

2. The fault or defect in your product is the result of a voltage surge subjected to the product either by the way of power supply or communication line, whether caused by thunderstorm activity or any other cause(s);

3. The fault is the result of accidental damage or damage in transit, including but not limited to liquid spillage;

4. Your product has been used for any purposes other than that for which it is sold, or in any way other than in strict accordance with the user manual supplied;

5. Your product has been repaired or modiﬁed or attempted to be repaired or modiﬁed, other than by a qualiﬁed person at a service centre authorised by NetComm; and,

6. The serial number has been defaced or altered in any way or if the serial number plate has been removed.

Limitations of Warranty

The Trade Practices Act 1974 and corresponding State and Territory Fair Trading Acts or legalisation of another Government (“the relevant acts”) in certain circumstances imply mandatory conditions and warranties which cannot be excluded. This warranty is in addition to and not in replacement for such conditions and warranties.

To the extent permitted by the Relevant Acts, in relation to your product and any other materials provided with the product (“the Goods”) the liability of NetComm under the Relevant Acts is limited at the option of NetComm to:

• Replacement of the Goods; or

• Repair of the Goods; or

• Payment of the cost of replacing the Goods; or

• Payment of the cost of having the Goods repaired.

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