September 10, 2008
LM94023
1.5V, micro SMD, Dual-Gain Analog Temperature Sensor
with Class AB Output
Battery Management
General Description
The LM94023 is a precision analog output CMOS integratedcircuit temperature sensor that operates at a supply voltage
as low as 1.5 Volts. Available in the very small four-bump microSMD 0.8mm x 0.8mm) the LM94023 occupies very little
board area. A class-AB output structure gives the LM94023
strong output source and sink current capability for driving
heavy loads, making it well suited to source the input of a
sample-and-hold analog-to-digital converter with its transient
load requirements, This generally means the LM94023 can
be used without external components, like resistors and
buffers, on the output. While operating over the wide temperature range of −50°C to +150°C, the LM94023 delivers an
output voltage that is inversely porportional to measured temperature. The LM94023's low supply current makes it ideal for
battery-powered systems as well as general temperature
sensing applications.
A Gain Select (GS) pin sets the gain of the temperature-tovoltage output transfer function. Either of two slopes are
selectable: −5.5 mV/°C (GS=0) or −8.2 mV/°C (GS=1). In the
lowest gain configuration, the LM94023 can operate with a
1.5V supply while measuring temperature over the full −50°C
to +150°C operating range. Tying GS high causes the transfer
function to have the largest gain for maximum temperature
sensitivity. The gain-select inputs can be tied directly to V
or Ground without any pull-up or pull-down resistors, reducing
component count and board area. These inputs can also be
driven by logic signals allowing the system to optimize the
gain during operation or system diagnostics.
Applications
Cell phones
■
Wireless Transceivers
■
■
Automotive
■
Disk Drives
■
Games
■
Appliances
■
Features
Low 1.5V operation
■
Push-pull output with 50µA source current capability
■
Two selectable gains
■
Very accurate over wide temperature range of −50°C to
■
+150°C
Low quiescent current
■
Output is short-circuit protected
■
Extremely small microSMD package
■
Footprint compatible with the industry-standard LM20
■
temperature sensor
Key Specifications
■ Supply Voltage
DD
■ Supply Current
■ Output Drive
■ Temperature
Accuracy
■ Operating
Temperature −50°C to 150°C
20°C to 40°C
-50°C to 70°C
-50°C to 90°C
-50°C to 150°C
1.5V to 5.5V
5.4 μA (typ)
±50 μA
±1.5°C
±1.8°C
±2.1°C
±2.7°C
LM94023 1.5V, micro SMD, Dual-Gain Analog Temperature Sensor with Class AB Output
Connection Diagram
micro SMD
See NS Package Number TMD04AAA
Top View
© 2008 National Semiconductor Corporation 300750 www.national.com
30075001
Typical Transfer Characteristic
Output Voltage vs Temperature
30075024
Typical Application
LM94023
Full-Range Celsius Temperature Sensor (−50°C to +150°C) Operating from a Single Battery Cell
30075002
Ordering Information
Order Temperature NS Package Device
Number Accuracy Number Marking Transport Media
LM94023BITME ±1.5°C to ±2.7°C TMD04AAA Date Code 250 Units on Tape and Reel
LM94023BITMX ±1.5°C to ±2.7°C TMD04AAA Date Code 3000 Units on Tape and Reel
Pin Descriptions
Label Pin Number Type Equivalent Circuit Function
GS A1 Logic Input Gain Select - Input for
selecting the slope of
the analog output
response
GND A2 Ground Power Supply Ground
V
OUT
V
DD
B1 Analog Output Outputs a voltage
which is inversely
proportional to
temperature
B2 Power
Positive Supply
Voltage
www.national.com 2
LM94023
Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1)
Supply Voltage −0.3V to +6.0V
Voltage at Output Pin −0.3V to (VDD + 0.3V)
Output Current ±7 mA
Voltage at GS Input Pin −0.3V to +6.0V
Input Current at any pin (Note 2) 5 mA
Storage Temperature −65°C to +150°C
Maximum Junction Temperature
(T
)
JMAX
ESD Susceptibility (Note 3):
Human Body Model 2500V
+150°C
Machine Model 250V
Soldering process must comply with National's
Reflow Temperature Profile specifications. Refer to
www.national.com/packaging. (Note 4)
Operating Ratings (Note 1)
Specified Temperature Range:
LM94023
Supply Voltage Range (VDD)
Thermal Resistance (θJA)
LM94023BITME, LM94023BITMX 122.6°C/W
T
≤ TA ≤ T
MIN
−50°C ≤ TA ≤ +150°C
+1.5 V to +5.5 V
Accuracy Characteristics
These limits do not include DC load regulation. These stated accuracy limits are with reference to the values in the LM94023
Transfer Table.
Parameter Conditions Limits
(Note 7)
Temperature Error
(Note 8)
GS=0 TA = +20°C to +40°C; VDD = 1.5V to 5.5V ±1.5 °C (max)
TA = +0°C to +70°C; VDD = 1.5V to 5.5V ±1.8 °C (max)
TA = +0°C to +90°C; VDD = 1.5V to 5.5V ±2.1 °C (max)
TA = +0°C to +120°C; VDD = 1.5V to 5.5V ±2.4 °C (max)
TA = +0°C to +150°C; VDD = 1.5V to 5.5V ±2.7 °C (max)
TA = −50°C to +0°C; VDD = 1.6V to 5.5V ±1.8 °C (max)
GS=1 TA = +20°C to +40°C; VDD = 1.8V to 5.5V ±1.5 °C (max)
TA = +0°C to +70°C; VDD = 1.9V to 5.5V ±1.8 °C (max)
TA = +0°C to +90°C; VDD = 1.9V to 5.5V ±2.1 °C (max)
TA = +0°C to +120°C; VDD = 1.9V to 5.5V ±2.4 °C (max)
TA = +0°C to +150°C; VDD = 1.9V to 5.5V ±2.7 °C (max)
TA = −50°C to +0°C; VDD = 2.3V to 5.5V ±1.8 °C (max)
MAX
Units
(Limit)
3 www.national.com
Electrical Characteristics
Unless otherwise noted, these specifications apply for +VDD = +1.5V to +5.5V. Boldface limits apply for TA = TJ = T
LM94023
T
; all other limits TA = TJ = 25°C.
MAX
Symbol Parameter Conditions Typical
(Note 6)
Limits
(Note 7)
Sensor Gain GS = 0 -5.5 mV/°C
GS = 1 -8.2 mV/°C
Load Regulation
(Note 10)
Line Regulation
1.5V ≤ VDD < 5.5V Source ≤ 50 μA,
(VDD - V
) ≥ 200mV
OUT
Sink ≤ 50 μA,
V
≥ 200mV
OUT
200
-0.22 -1 mV (max)
0.26 1 mV (max)
(Note 13)
I
S
C
L
Power-on Time
Supply Current TA = +30°C to +150°C,
(VDD - V
) ≥ 100mV
OUT
TA = -50°C to +150°C,
(VDD - V
) ≥ 100mV
OUT
5.4 8.1
5.4 9
Output Load Capacitance 1100 pF (max)
CL= 0 pF to 1100 pF 0.7 1.9 ms (max)
(Note 11)
V
IH
GS1 and GS0 Input Logic
VDD- 0.5V V (min)
"1" Threshold Voltage
V
IL
GS1 and GS0 Input Logic
0.5 V (max)
"0" Threshold Voltage
I
IH
Logic "1" Input Current
0.001 1
(Note 12)
I
IL
Logic "0" Input Current
0.001 1
(Note 12)
MIN
to
Units
(Limit)
μV/V
μA (max)
μA (max)
μA (max)
μA (max)
Note 1: Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Operating Ratings indicate conditions for which the device is
functional, but do not guarantee specific performance limits. For guaranteed specifications and test conditions, see the Electrical Characteristics. The guaranteed
specifications apply only for the test conditions listed. Some performance characteristics may degrade when the device is not operated under the listed test
conditions.
Note 2: When the input voltage (VI) at any pin exceeds power supplies (VI < GND or VI > V+), the current at that pin should be limited to 5 mA.
Note 3: The human body model is a 100 pF capacitor discharged through a 1.5 kΩ resistor into each pin. The machine model is a 200 pF capacitor discharged
directly into each pin.
Note 4: Reflow temperature profiles are different for lead-free and non-lead-free packages.
Note 5: The junction to ambient thermal resistance (θJA) is specified without a heat sink in still air.
Note 6: Typicals are at TJ = TA = 25°C and represent most likely parametric norm.
Note 7: Limits are guaranteed to National's AOQL (Average Outgoing Quality Level).
Note 8: Accuracy is defined as the error between the measured and reference output voltages, tabulated in the Transfer Table at the specified conditions of
supply gain setting, voltage, and temperature (expressed in °C). Accuracy limits include line regulation within the specified conditions. Accuracy limits do not
include load regulation; they assume no DC load.
Note 9: Changes in output due to self heating can be computed by multiplying the internal dissipation by the thermal resistance.
Note 10: Source currents are flowing out of the LM94023. Sink currents are flowing into the LM94023.
Note 11: Guaranteed by design.
Note 12: The input current is leakage only and is highest at high temperature. It is typically only 0.001µA. The 1µA limit is solely based on a testing limitation and
does not reflect the actual performance of the part.
Note 13: Line regulation (DC) is calculated by subtracting the output voltage at the highest supply voltage from the output voltage at the lowest supply voltage.
The typical DC line regulation specification does not include the output voltage shift discussed in Section 5.0.
www.national.com 4
Typical Performance Characteristics
LM94023
Temperature Error vs. Temperature
Supply Current vs. Temperature
Minimum Operating Temperature vs. Supply Voltage
30075007
30075006
Supply Current vs. Supply Voltage
30075004
30075005
5 www.national.com
LM94023
Load Regulation, Sourcing Current
Load Regulation, Sinking Current
30075040
Line Regulation: Change in Vout vs. Overhead Voltage
30075042
30075041
Supply-Noise Gain vs. Frequency
30075043
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LM94023
LIne Regulation: Output Voltage vs. Supply Voltage
Gain Select = 0
30075034
Line Regulation: Output Voltage vs. Supply Voltage
Gain Select = 1
30075035
7 www.national.com
1.0 LM94023 Transfer Function
The LM94023 has two selectable gains, selected by the Gain
LM94023
Select (GS) input pin. The output voltage for each gain, across
the complete operating temperature range is shown in the
LM94023 Transfer Table, below. This table is the reference
from which the LM94023 accuracy specifications (listed in the
Electrical Characteristics section) are determined. This table
can be used, for example, in a host processor look-up table.
A file containing this data is available for download at
www.national.com/appinfo/tempsensors.
LM94023 Temperature-Voltage Transfer Table
The output voltages in this table apply for VDD = 5V.
Temperature
(°C)
-50 1299 1955
-49 1294 1949
-48 1289 1942
-47 1284 1935
-46 1278 1928
-45 1273 1921
-44 1268 1915
-43 1263 1908
-42 1257 1900
-41 1252 1892
-40 1247 1885
-39 1242 1877
-38 1236 1869
-37 1231 1861
-36 1226 1853
-35 1221 1845
-34 1215 1838
-33 1210 1830
-32 1205 1822
-31 1200 1814
-30 1194 1806
-29 1189 1798
-28 1184 1790
-27 1178 1783
-26 1173 1775
-25 1168 1767
-24 1162 1759
-23 1157 1751
-22 1152 1743
-21 1146 1735
-20 1141 1727
-19 1136 1719
-18 1130 1711
-17 1125 1703
-16 1120 1695
-15 1114 1687
-14 1109 1679
GS = 0
(mV)
GS = 1
(mV)
Temperature
(°C)
-13 1104 1671
-12 1098 1663
-11 1093 1656
-10 1088 1648
-9 1082 1639
-8 1077 1631
-7 1072 1623
-6 1066 1615
-5 1061 1607
-4 1055 1599
-3 1050 1591
-2 1044 1583
-1 1039 1575
0 1034 1567
1 1028 1559
2 1023 1551
3 1017 1543
4 1012 1535
5 1007 1527
6 1001 1519
7 996 1511
8 990 1502
9 985 1494
10 980 1486
11 974 1478
12 969 1470
13 963 1462
14 958 1454
15 952 1446
16 947 1438
17 941 1430
18 936 1421
19 931 1413
20 925 1405
21 920 1397
22 914 1389
23 909 1381
24 903 1373
25 898 1365
26 892 1356
27 887 1348
28 882 1340
29 876 1332
30 871 1324
31 865 1316
32 860 1308
33 854 1299
34 849 1291
35 843 1283
GS = 0
(mV)
GS = 1
(mV)
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LM94023
Temperature
(°C)
36 838 1275
37 832 1267
38 827 1258
39 821 1250
40 816 1242
41 810 1234
42 804 1225
43 799 1217
44 793 1209
45 788 1201
46 782 1192
47 777 1184
48 771 1176
49 766 1167
50 760 1159
51 754 1151
52 749 1143
53 743 1134
54 738 1126
55 732 1118
56 726 1109
57 721 1101
58 715 1093
59 710 1084
60 704 1076
61 698 1067
62 693 1059
63 687 1051
64 681 1042
65 676 1034
66 670 1025
67 664 1017
68 659 1008
69 653 1000
70 647 991
71 642 983
72 636 974
73 630 966
74 625 957
75 619 949
76 613 941
77 608 932
78 602 924
79 596 915
80 591 907
81 585 898
82 579 890
83 574 881
84 568 873
GS = 0
(mV)
GS = 1
(mV)
Temperature
(°C)
85 562 865
86 557 856
87 551 848
88 545 839
89 539 831
90 534 822
91 528 814
92 522 805
93 517 797
94 511 788
95 505 779
96 499 771
97 494 762
98 488 754
99 482 745
100 476 737
101 471 728
102 465 720
103 459 711
104 453 702
105 448 694
106 442 685
107 436 677
108 430 668
109 425 660
110 419 651
111 413 642
112 407 634
113 401 625
114 396 617
115 390 608
116 384 599
117 378 591
118 372 582
119 367 573
120 361 565
121 355 556
122 349 547
123 343 539
124 337 530
125 332 521
126 326 513
127 320 504
128 314 495
129 308 487
130 302 478
131 296 469
132 291 460
133 285 452
GS = 0
(mV)
GS = 1
(mV)
9 www.national.com
Temperature
(°C)
134 279 443
LM94023
135 273 434
136 267 425
137 261 416
138 255 408
139 249 399
140 243 390
141 237 381
142 231 372
143 225 363
144 219 354
145 213 346
146 207 337
147 201 328
148 195 319
149 189 310
150 183 301
Although the LM94023 is very linear, its response does have
a slight downward parabolic shape. This shape is very accurately reflected in the LM94023 Transfer Table. For a linear
approximation, a line can easily be calculated over the de-
GS = 0
(mV)
GS = 1
(mV)
sired temperature range from the Table using the two-point
equation:
Where V is in mV, T is in °C, T1 and V1 are the coordinates of
the lowest temperature, T2 and V2 are the coordinates of the
highest temperature.
For example, if we want to determine the equation of a line
with the Gain Setting at GS1 = 0 and GS0 = 0, over a temperature range of 20°C to 50°C, we would proceed as follows:
Using this method of linear approximation, the transfer function can be approximated for one or more temperature ranges
of interest.
www.national.com 10
LM94023
2.0 Mounting and Thermal Conductivity
The LM94023 can be applied easily in the same way as other
integrated-circuit temperature sensors. It can be glued or cemented to a surface.
To ensure good thermal conductivity, the backside of the
LM94023 die is directly attached to the GND pin (Pin 2). The
temperatures of the lands and traces to the other leads of the
LM94023 will also affect the temperature reading.
Alternatively, the LM94023 can be mounted inside a sealedend metal tube, and can then be dipped into a bath or screwed
into a threaded hole in a tank. As with any IC, the LM94023
and accompanying wiring and circuits must be kept insulated
and dry, to avoid leakage and corrosion. This is especially true
if the circuit may operate at cold temperatures where condensation can occur. If moisture creates a short circuit from
the output to ground or VDD, the output from the LM94023 will
not be correct. Printed-circuit coatings are often used to ensure that moisture cannot corrode the leads or circuit traces.
The thermal resistance junction to ambient (θJA) is the parameter used to calculate the rise of a device junction temperature due to its power dissipation. The equation used to
calculate the rise in the LM94023's die temperature is
For operation in very noisy environments, some bypass capacitance should be present on the supply within approximately 2 inches of the LM94023.
4.0 Capacitive Loads
The LM94023 handles capacitive loading well. In an extremely noisy environment, or when driving a switched sampling
input on an ADC, it may be necessary to add some filtering to
minimize noise coupling. Without any precautions, the
LM94023 can drive a capacitive load less than or equal to
1100 pF as shown in Figure 2. For capacitive loads greater
than 1100 pF, a series resistor may be required on the output,
as shown in Figure 3.
30075015
FIGURE 2. LM94023 No Decoupling Required for
Capacitive Loads Less than 1100 pF.
where TA is the ambient temperature, IQ is the quiescent current, ILis the load current on the output, and VO is the output
voltage. For example, in an application where TA = 30 °C,
VDD = 5 V, IDD = 9 μA, Gain Select = 11, V
and IL = 2 μA, the junction temperature would be 30.021 °C,
showing a self-heating error of only 0.021°C. Since the
LM94023's junction temperature is the actual temperature
being measured, care should be taken to minimize the load
current that the LM94023 is required to drive. Figure 1 shows
the thermal resistance of the LM94023.
Device Number
LM94023BITME,
LM94023BITMX
FIGURE 1. LM94023 Thermal Resistance
NS Package
Number
TMD04AAA 122.6 °C/W
= 2.231 mV,
OUT
Thermal
Resistance (θJA)
3.0 Output and Noise Considerations
A push-pull output gives the LM94023 the ability to sink and
source significant current. This is beneficial when, for example, driving dynamic loads like an input stage on an analogto-digital converter (ADC). In these applications the source
current is required to quickly charge the input capacitor of the
ADC. See the Applications Circuits section for more discussion of this topic. The LM94023 is ideal for this and other
applications which require strong source or sink current.
The LM94023's supply-noise gain (the ratio of the AC signal
on V
to the AC signal on VDD) was measured during bench
OUT
tests. It's typical attenuation is shown in the Typical Performance Characteristics section. A load capacitor on the output
can help to filter noise.
30075033
C
LOAD
1.1 nF to 99 nF
100 nF to 999 nF
1 μF 800 Ω
FIGURE 3. LM94023 with series resistor for capacitive
Loading greater than 1100 pF.
Minimum R
3 kΩ
1.5 kΩ
S
5.0 Output Voltage Shift
The LM94023 is very linear over temperature and supply voltage range. Due to the intrinsic behavior of an NMOS/PMOS
rail-to-rail buffer, a slight shift in the output can occur when
the supply voltage is ramped over the operating range of the
device. The location of the shift is determined by the relative
levels of VDD and V
VDD- V
This slight shift (a few millivolts) takes place over a wide
change (approximately 200 mV) in VDD or V
shift takes place over a wide temperature change of 5°C to
20°C, V
in the Electrical Characteristics table already include this possible shift.
= 1.0V.
OUT
is always monotonic. The accuracy specifications
OUT
. The shift typically occurs when
OUT
. Since the
OUT
11 www.national.com
6.0 Selectable Gain for Optimization and In Situ Testing
LM94023
The Gain Select digital inputs can be tied to the rails or can
be driven from digital outputs such as microcontroller GPIO
pins. In low-supply voltage applications, the ability to reduce
the gain to -5.5 mV/°C allows the LM94023 to operate over
the full -50 °C to 150 °C range. When a larger supply voltage
is present, the gain can be increased as high as -8.2 mV/°C.
The larger gain is optimal for reducing the effects of noise (for
example, noise coupling on the output line or quantization
noise induced by an analog-to-digital converter which may be
sampling the LM94023 output).
Another application advantage of the digitally selectable gain
is the ability to perform dynamic testing of the LM94023 while
it is running in a system. By toggling the logic levels of the
gain select pin and monitoring the resultant change in the
output voltage level, the host system can verify the functionality of the LM94023.
www.national.com 12
7.0 Applications Circuits
LM94023
30075018
FIGURE 4. Celsius Thermostat
30075019
FIGURE 5. Conserving Power Dissipation with Shutdown
30075028
Most CMOS ADCs found in microcontrollers and ASICs have a sampled data comparator input structure. When the ADC charges
the sampling cap, it requires instantaneous charge from the output of the analog source such as the LM94023 temperature sensor
and many op amps. This requirement is easily accommodated by the addition of a capacitor (C
on the size of the sampling capacitor and the sampling frequency. Since not all ADCs have identical input stages, the charge
). The size of C
FILTER
FILTER
depends
requirements will vary. This general ADC application is shown as an example only.
FIGURE 6. Suggested Connection to a Sampling Analog-to-Digital Converter Input Stage
13 www.national.com
Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted
LM94023
4-Bump Thin micro SMD Ball Grid Array Package
Order Number LM94023BITME and LM94023BITMX
NS Package Number TMD04AAA
X1 = 0.815 mm
X2 = 0.815mm
X3 = 0.600mm
www.national.com 14
Notes
LM94023
15 www.national.com
Notes
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LM94023 1.5V, micro SMD, Dual-Gain Analog Temperature Sensor with Class AB Output
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