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LM124/LM224/LM324/LM2902
Low Power Quad Operational Amplifiers
LM124/LM224/LM324/LM2902 Low Power Quad Operational Amplifiers
August 2000
General Description
The LM124 series consists of four independent, high gain,
internally frequency compensated operational amplifiers
which were designed specifically to operate from a single
power supply over a wide range of voltages. Operation from
split power supplies is also possible and the low power supply current drain is independent of the magnitude of the
power supply voltage.
Application areas include transducer amplifiers, DC gain
blocks and all the conventional op amp circuits which now
can be more easily implementedin single power supply systems. For example, the LM124 series can be directly operated off of the standard +5V power supply voltage which is
used in digital systems and will easily provide the required
interface electronics without requiring the additional
power supplies.
±
15V
Unique Characteristics
n In the linear mode the input common-mode voltage
range includes ground and the output voltage can also
swing to ground, even though operated from only a
single power supply voltage
n The unity gain cross frequency is temperature
compensated
n The input bias current is also temperature compensated
Advantages
n Eliminates need for dual supplies
n Four internally compensated op amps in a single
package
n Allows directly sensing near GND and V
to GND
n Compatible with all forms of logic
n Power drain suitable for battery operation
OUT
also goes
Features
n Internally frequency compensated for unity gain
n Large DC voltage gain 100 dB
n Wide bandwidth (unity gain) 1 MHz
(temperature compensated)
n Wide power supply range:
Single supply 3V to 32V
or dual supplies
n Very low supply current drain (700 µA)—essentially
independent of supply voltage
n Low input biasing current 45 nA
(temperature compensated)
n Low input offset voltage 2 mV
and offset current: 5 nA
n Input common-mode voltage range includes ground
n Differential input voltage range equal to the power
supply voltage
n Large output voltage swing 0V to V
±
1.5V to±16V
+
− 1.5V
Connection Diagram
Dual-In-Line Package
DS009299-1
Top View
Order Number LM124J, LM124AJ, LM124J/883 (Note 2), LM124AJ/883 (Note 1), LM224J,
LM224AJ, LM324J, LM324M, LM324MX, LM324AM, LM324AMX, LM2902M, LM2902MX, LM324N, LM324AN,
LM324MT, LM324MTX or LM2902N LM124AJRQML and LM124AJRQMLV(Note 3)
See NS Package Number J14A, M14A or N14A
Note 1: LM124A available per JM38510/11006
Note 2: LM124 available per JM38510/11005
© 2000 National Semiconductor Corporation DS009299 www.national.com
Connection Diagram (Continued)
Note 3: See STD Mil DWG 5962R99504 for Radiation Tolerant Device
LM124/LM224/LM324/LM2902
Order Number LM124AW/883, LM124AWG/883, LM124W/883 or LM124WG/883
LM124AWRQML and LM124AWRQMLV(Note 3)
LM124AWGRQML and LM124AWGRQMLV(Note 3)
Schematic Diagram (Each Amplifier)
DS009299-33
See NS Package Number W14B
See NS Package Number WG14A
www.national.com 2
DS009299-2
Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 12)
If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required,
please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/
Distributors for availability and specifications.
LM124/LM224/LM324 LM2902
Supply Voltage, V
+
Differential Input Voltage 32V 26V
Input Voltage −0.3V to +32V −0.3V to +26V
Input Current
<
(V
−0.3V) (Note 6) 50 mA 50 mA
IN
Power Dissipation (Note 4)
Molded DIP 1130 mW 1130 mW
Cavity DIP 1260 mW 1260 mW
Small Outline Package 800 mW 800 mW
Output Short-Circuit to GND
(One Amplifier) (Note 5)
+
V
≤ 15V and TA= 25˚C Continuous Continuous
Operating Temperature Range −40˚C to +85˚C
LM324/LM324A 0˚C to +70˚C
LM224/LM224A −25˚C to +85˚C
LM124/LM124A −55˚C to +125˚C
Storage Temperature Range −65˚C to +150˚C −65˚C to +150˚C
Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 seconds) 260˚C 260˚C
Soldering Information
Dual-In-Line Package
Soldering (10 seconds) 260˚C 260˚C
Small Outline Package
Vapor Phase (60 seconds) 215˚C 215˚C
Infrared (15 seconds) 220˚C 220˚C
See AN-450 “Surface Mounting Methods and Their Effect on Product Reliability” for other methods of soldering surface mount
devices.
ESD Tolerance (Note 13) 250V 250V
LM124A/LM224A/LM324A
32V 26V
LM124/LM224/LM324/LM2902
Electrical Characteristics
V+= +5.0V, (Note 7), unless otherwise stated
Parameter Conditions
Input Offset Voltage (Note 8) T
Input Bias Current I
(Note 9) T
Input Offset Current I
Input Common-Mode V
Voltage Range (Note 10) T
Supply Current Over Full Temperature Range
Large Signal V
Voltage Gain (V
Common-Mode DC, V
Rejection Ratio T
IN(+)
IN(+)
T
R
V
V
A
A
+
A
L
+
+
+
O
A
= 25˚C 1 2 1 3 2 3 mV
A
or I
IN(−),VCM
= 25˚C
or I
IN(−),VCM
= 25˚C
= 30V, (LM2902, V+= 26V), 0 V+−1.5 0 V+−1.5 0 V+−1.5 V
= 25˚C
=∞On All Op Amps mA
= 30V (LM2902 V+= 26V) 1.5 3 1.5 3 1.5 3
= 5V 0.7 1.2 0.7 1.2 0.7 1.2
= 15V, RL≥ 2kΩ, 50 100 50 100 25 100 V/mV
= 1V to 11V), TA= 25˚C
CM
= 25˚C
= 0V,
= 0V, 2 10 2 15 5 30 nA
=0VtoV+− 1.5V, 70 85 70 85 65 85 dB
LM124A LM224A LM324A
Min Typ Max Min Typ Max Min Typ Max
20 50 40 80 45 100 nA
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Units
Electrical Characteristics (Continued)
V+= +5.0V, (Note 7), unless otherwise stated
Parameter Conditions
Power Supply V
Rejection Ratio (LM2902, V
Amplifier-to-Amplifier f = 1 kHz to 20 kHz, T
+
=5Vto30V
T
= 25˚C
A
+
= 5V to 26V), 65 100 65 100 65 100 dB
= 25˚C −120 −120 −120 dB
A
Coupling (Note 11) (Input Referred)
+
Output Current Source V
LM124/LM224/LM324/LM2902
Sink V
= 1V, V
IN
+
= 15V, VO= 2V, TA= 25˚C mA
V
−
= 1V, V
IN
+
V
= 15V, VO= 2V, TA= 25˚C
−
= 1V, V
V
IN
+
= 15V, VO= 200 mV, TA= 25˚C
V
Short Circuit to Ground (Note 5) V
−
= 0V, 20 40 20 40 20 40
IN
+
= 0V, 10 20 10 20 10 20
IN
+
= 0V, 12 50 12 50 12 50 µA
IN
+
= 15V, TA= 25˚C 40 60 40 60 40 60 mA
Input Offset Voltage (Note 8) 4 4 5 mV
Drift RS=0Ω 7 20 7 20 7 30 µV/˚C
V
OS
Input Offset Current I
Drift RS=0Ω 10 200 10 200 10 300 pA/˚C
I
OS
Input Bias Current I
Input Common-Mode V
IN(+)−IIN(−),VCM
or I
IN(+)
IN(−)
+
= +30V 0 V+−2 0 V+−2 0 V+−2 V
Voltage Range (Note 10) (LM2902, V
+
Large Signal V
Voltage Gain R
Output Voltage V
OH
= +15V (VOSwing = 1V to 11V)
≥ 2kΩ 25 25 15 V/mV
L
V+= 30V RL=2kΩ 26 26 26 V
Swing (LM2902, V
V
OL
Output Current Source V
V+= 5V, RL=10kΩ 520 520 520mV
=2V V
O
Sink V
=0V 303075nA
+
= 26V)
+
= 26V) RL=10kΩ 27 28 27 28 27 28
+
= +1V, 10 20 10 20 10 20
IN
−
= 0V,
V
IN
V+= 15V
−
= +1V, 10 15 5 8 5 8
IN
+
= 0V,
V
IN
V+= 15V
LM124A LM224A LM324A
Min Typ Max Min Typ Max Min Typ Max
40 100 40 100 40 200 nA
Units
mA
Electrical Characteristics
V+= +5.0V, (Note 7), unless otherwise stated
Parameter Conditions
Input Offset Voltage (Note 8) T
Input Bias Current I
(Note 9) T
Input Offset Current I
Input Common-Mode V
Voltage Range (Note 10) T
IN(+)
IN(+)
T
A
A
+
A
Supply Current Over Full Temperature Range
R
L
+
V
+
V
Large Signal V
Voltage Gain (V
+
O
Common-Mode DC, V
Rejection Ratio T
Power Supply V
A
+
Rejection Ratio (LM2902, V
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= 25˚C 2 5 2 7 2 7 mV
A
or I
IN(−),VCM
= 0V,
= 25˚C
or I
IN(−),VCM
= 0V, 3 30 5 50 5 50 nA
= 25˚C
= 30V, (LM2902, V+= 26V), 0 V+−1.5 0 V+−1.5 0 V+−1.5 V
= 25˚C
=∞On All Op Amps mA
= 30V (LM2902 V+= 26V) 1.5 3 1.5 3 1.5 3
= 5V 0.7 1.2 0.7 1.2 0.7 1.2
= 15V, RL≥ 2kΩ, 50 100 25 100 25 100 V/mV
= 1V to 11V), TA= 25˚C
=0VtoV+− 1.5V, 70 85 65 85 50 70 dB
CM
= 25˚C
=5Vto30V
+
= 5V to 26V), 65 100 65 100 50 100 dB
LM124/LM224 LM324 LM2902
Min Typ Max Min Typ Max Min Typ Max
45 150 45 250 45 250 nA
Units
Electrical Characteristics (Continued)
V+= +5.0V, (Note 7), unless otherwise stated
Parameter Conditions
T
= 25˚C
A
Amplifier-to-Amplifier f = 1 kHz to 20 kHz, T
= 25˚C −120 −120 −120 dB
A
Coupling (Note 11) (Input Referred)
+
Output Current Source V
Sink V
= 1V, V
IN
+
= 15V, VO= 2V, TA= 25˚C mA
V
−
= 1V, V
IN
+
= 15V, VO= 2V, TA= 25˚C
V
−
= 1V, V
V
IN
+
V
= 15V, VO= 200 mV, TA= 25˚C
Short Circuit to Ground (Note 5) V
−
= 0V, 20 40 20 40 20 40
IN
+
= 0V, 10 20 10 20 10 20
IN
+
= 0V, 12 50 12 50 12 50 µA
IN
+
= 15V, TA= 25˚C 40 60 40 60 40 60 mA
Input Offset Voltage (Note 8) 7 9 10 mV
Drift RS=0Ω 7 7 7 µV/˚C
V
OS
Input Offset Current I
Drift RS=0Ω 10 10 10 pA/˚C
I
OS
Input Bias Current I
Input Common-Mode V
IN(+)−IIN(−),VCM
or I
IN(+)
IN(−)
+
= +30V 0 V+−2 0 V+−2 0 V+−2 V
Voltage Range (Note 10) (LM2902, V
Large Signal V
Voltage Gain R
Output Voltage V
OH
+
= +15V (VOSwing = 1V to 11V)
≥ 2kΩ 25 15 15 V/mV
L
V+= 30V RL=2kΩ 26 26 22 V
Swing (LM2902, V
V
OL
Output Current Source V
V+= 5V, RL=10kΩ 5 20 5 20 5 100 mV
=2V V
O
Sink V
= 0V 100 150 45 200 nA
+
= 26V)
+
= 26V) RL=10kΩ 27 28 27 28 23 24
+
= +1V, 10 20 10 20 10 20
IN
−
V
= 0V,
IN
V+= 15V
−
= +1V, 5 8 5 8 5 8
IN
+
= 0V,
V
IN
+
V
= 15V
Note 4: For operating at high temperatures, the LM324/LM324A/LM2902 must be derated based on a +125˚C maximum junction temperature and a thermal resistance of 88˚C/W which applies for the device soldered in a printed circuit board, operating in a still air ambient. The LM224/LM224A and LM124/LM124A can be derated based on a +150˚C maximum junction temperature. The dissipation is the total of all four amplifiers— use external resistors, where possible, to allow the amplifier to saturate of to reduce the power which is dissipated in the integrated circuit.
+
Note 5: Short circuits from the output to V
current is approximately 40 mA independent of the magnitude of V
can cause excessive heating and eventual destruction. When considering short circuits to ground, the maximum output
+
. At values of supply voltage in excess of +15V, continuous short-circuits can exceed the power
dissipation ratings and cause eventual destruction. Destructive dissipation can result from simultaneous shorts on all amplifiers.
Note 6: This input current will only exist when the voltage at any of the input leads is driven negative. It is due to the collector-base junction of the input PNP tran-
sistors becoming forward biased and thereby acting as input diode clamps. In addition to this diode action, there is also lateral NPN parasitic transistor action on the
IC chip. This transistor action can cause the output voltages of the op amps to go to the V
an input is driven negative. This is not destructive and normal output states will re-establish when the input voltage, which was negative, again returns to a value
greater than −0.3V (at 25˚C).
Note 7: These specifications are limited to −55˚C ≤ T
≤ +85˚C, the LM324/LM324A temperature specifications are limited to 0˚C ≤ TA≤ +70˚C, and the LM2902 specifications are limited to −40˚C ≤ TA≤ +85˚C.
≤ T
A
Note 8: V
. 1.4V, RS=0Ωwith V+from 5V to 30V; and over the full input common-mode range (0V to V+− 1.5V) for LM2902, V+from 5V to 26V.
O
≤ +125˚C for the LM124/LM124A. With the LM224/LM224A, all temperature specifications are limited to −25˚C
A
Note 9: The direction of the input current is out of the IC due to the PNP input stage. This current is essentially constant, independent of the state of the outputso
no loading change exists on the input lines.
Note 10: The input common-mode voltage of either input signal voltage should not be allowed to go negative by more than 0.3V (at 25˚C). The upper end of the
common-mode voltage range is V
+
.
V
+
− 1.5V (at 25˚C), but either or both inputs can go to +32V without damage (+26V for LM2902), independent of the magnitude of
Note 11: Due to proximity of external components, insure that coupling is not originating via stray capacitance between these external parts. This typically can be
detected as this type of capacitance increases at higher frequencies.
Note 12: Refer to RETS124AX for LM124A military specifications and refer to RETS124X for LM124 military specifications.
Note 13: Human body model, 1.5 kΩ in series with 100 pF.
LM124/LM224 LM324 LM2902
Min Typ Max Min Typ Max Min Typ Max
40 300 40 500 40 500 nA
+
voltage level (or to ground for a large overdrive) for the time duration that
Units
mA
LM124/LM224/LM324/LM2902
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Typical Performance Characteristics
Input Voltage Range
LM124/LM224/LM324/LM2902
Supply Current
DS009299-34
Input Current
DS009299-35
Voltage Gain
Open Loop Frequency
Response
DS009299-36
DS009299-37
Common Mode Rejection
Ratio
DS009299-38
DS009299-39
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Typical Performance Characteristics (Continued)
LM124/LM224/LM324/LM2902
Voltage Follower Pulse
Response
Large Signal Frequency
Response
DS009299-40
Voltage Follower Pulse
Response (Small Signal)
DS009299-41
Output Characteristics
Current Sourcing
Output Characteristics
Current Sinking
DS009299-42
DS009299-44
DS009299-43
Current Limiting
DS009299-45
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Typical Performance Characteristics (Continued)
Input Current (LM2902 only)
LM124/LM224/LM324/LM2902
DS009299-46
Application Hints
The LM124 series are op amps which operate with only a
single power supply voltage, have true-differential inputs,
and remain in the linear mode with an input common-mode
voltage of 0 V
of power supply voltage with little change in performance
characteristics. At 25˚C amplifier operation is possible down
to a minimum supply voltage of 2.3 V
The pinouts of the package have been designed to simplify
PC board layouts. Inverting inputs are adjacent to outputs for
all of the amplifiers and the outputs have also been placed at
the corners of the package (pins 1, 7, 8, and 14).
Precautions should be taken to insure that the power supply
for the integrated circuit never becomes reversed in polarity
or that the unit is not inadvertently installed backwards in a
test socket as an unlimited current surge through the resulting forward diode within the IC could cause fusing of the internal conductors and result in a destroyed unit.
Large differential input voltages can be easily accommodated and, as input differential voltage protection diodes are
not needed, no large input currents result from large differential input voltages. The differential input voltage may be
larger than V
should be provided to prevent the input voltages from going
negative more than −0.3 V
with a resistor to the IC input terminal can be used.
To reduce the power supply drain, the amplifiers have a
class A output stage for small signal levels which converts to
class B in a large signal mode. This allows the amplifiers to
both source and sink large output currents. Therefore both
NPN and PNP external current boost transistors can be used
to extend the power capability of the basic amplifiers. The
output voltage needs to raise approximately 1 diode drop
above ground to bias the on-chip vertical PNP transistor for
output current sinking applications.
For ac applications, where the load is capacitively coupled to
the output of the amplifier, a resistor should be used, from
the output of the amplifier to ground to increase the class A
bias current and prevent crossover distortion.
. These amplifiers operate over a wide range
DC
.
DC
+
without damaging the device. Protection
(at 25˚C). An input clamp diode
DC
Voltage Gain (LM2902 only)
DS009299-47
Where the load is directly coupled, as in dc applications,
there is no crossover distortion.
Capacitive loads which are applied directly to the output of
the amplifier reduce the loop stability margin. Values of
50 pF can be accommodated using the worst-case
non-inverting unity gain connection. Large closed loop gains
or resistive isolation should be used if larger load capacitance must be driven by the amplifier.
The bias network of the LM124 establishes a drain current
which is independent of the magnitude of the power supply
voltage over the range of from 3 V
to 30 VDC.
DC
Output short circuits either to ground or to the positive power
supply should be of short time duration. Units can be destroyed, not as a result of the short circuit current causing
metal fusing, but rather due to the large increase in IC chip
dissipation which will cause eventual failure due to excessive junction temperatures. Putting direct short-circuits on
more than one amplifier at a time will increase the total IC
power dissipation to destructive levels, if not properly protected with external dissipation limiting resistors in series
with the output leads of the amplifiers. The larger value of
output source current which is available at 25˚C provides a
larger output current capability at elevated temperatures
(see typical performance characteristics) than a standard IC
op amp.
The circuits presented in the section on typical applications
emphasize operation on only a single power supply voltage.
If complementary power supplies are available, all of the
standard op amp circuits can be used. In general, introducing a pseudo-ground (a bias voltage reference of V
allow operation above and below this value in single power
supply systems. Many application circuits are shown which
take advantage of the wide input common-mode voltage
range which includes ground. In most cases, input biasing is
not required and input voltages which range to ground can
easily be accommodated.
+
/2) will
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LM124/LM224/LM324/LM2902
Typical Single-Supply Applications (V
Non-Inverting DC Gain (0V Input = 0V Output)
*
R not needed due to temperature independent I
DC Summing Amplifier
(V
≥ 0VDCand VO≥ VDC)
IN’S
IN
+
= 5.0 VDC)
DS009299-5
Power Amplifier
Where: V0=V1+V2−V3−V
(V1+V2)≥(V3+V4) to keep V
DS009299-7
DS009299-6
4
>
0V
O
DC
V0=0VDCfor VIN=0V
AV=10
DC
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Typical Single-Supply Applications (V
+
= 5.0 VDC) (Continued)
LED Driver
DS009299-8
LM124/LM224/LM324/LM2902
fo= 1 kHz
Q=50
= 100 (40 dB)
A
V
“BI-QUAD” RC Active Bandpass Filter
DS009299-9
Fixed Current Sources
Lamp Driver
DS009299-11
DS009299-10
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Typical Single-Supply Applications (V
Current Monitor
DS009299-12
+
= 5.0 VDC) (Continued)
LM124/LM224/LM324/LM2902
Driving TTL
DS009299-13
*
(Increase R1 for ILsmall)
Voltage Follower
Pulse Generator
DS009299-14
DS009299-15
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Typical Single-Supply Applications (V
+
= 5.0 VDC) (Continued)
Squarewave Oscillator
LM124/LM224/LM324/LM2902
Pulse Generator
DS009299-16
DS009299-17
High Compliance Current Sink
IO= 1 amp/volt V
(Increase REfor Iosmall)
IN
DS009299-18
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Typical Single-Supply Applications (V
Low Drift Peak Detector
+
= 5.0 VDC) (Continued)
LM124/LM224/LM324/LM2902
Comparator with Hysteresis
DS009299-20
DS009299-19
Ground Referencing a Differential Input Signal
VO=V
R
DS009299-21
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Typical Single-Supply Applications (V
Voltage Controlled Oscillator Circuit
LM124/LM224/LM324/LM2902
*
Wide control voltage range: 0 VDC≤ VC≤ 2(V+−1.5 VDC)
Photo Voltaic-Cell Amplifier
+
= 5.0 VDC) (Continued)
DS009299-22
AC Coupled Inverting Amplifier
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DS009299-23
DS009299-24
Typical Single-Supply Applications (V
AC Coupled Non-Inverting Amplifier
+
= 5.0 VDC) (Continued)
LM124/LM224/LM324/LM2902
DS009299-25
fO= 1 kHz
Q=1
=2
A
V
DC Coupled Low-Pass RC Active Filter
DS009299-26
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Typical Single-Supply Applications (V
High Input Z, DC Differential Amplifier
LM124/LM224/LM324/LM2902
High Input Z Adjustable-Gain
DC Instrumentation Amplifier
+
= 5.0 VDC) (Continued)
DS009299-27
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DS009299-28
Typical Single-Supply Applications (V
+
= 5.0 VDC) (Continued)
LM124/LM224/LM324/LM2902
Using Symmetrical Amplifiers to
Reduce Input Current (General Concept)
Bridge Current Amplifier
DS009299-30
DS009299-29
fO= 1 kHz
Q=25
Bandpass Active Filter
DS009299-31
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Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted
LM124/LM224/LM324/LM2902
Ceramic Dual-In-Line Package (J)
Order Number JL124ABCA, JL124BCA, JL124ASCA, JL124SCA, LM124J,
LM124AJ, LM124AJ/883, LM124J/883, LM224J, LM224AJ or LM324J
NS Package Number J14A
MX S.O. Package (M)
Order Number LM324M, LM324MX, LM324AM, LM324AMX, LM2902M or LM2902MX
NS Package Number M14A
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Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted (Continued)
LM124/LM224/LM324/LM2902
Molded Dual-In-Line Package (N)
Order Number LM324N, LM324AN or LM2902N
NS Package Number N14A
Ceramic Flatpak Package
Order Number JL124ABDA, JL124ABZA, JL124ASDA, JL124BDA, JL124BZA,
JL124SDA, LM124AW/883, LM124AWG/883, LM124W/883 or LM124WG/883
NS Package Number W14B
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Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted (Continued)
14-Pin TSSOP
Order NumberLM324MT or LM324MTX
NS Package Number MTC14
LM124/LM224/LM324/LM2902 Low Power Quad Operational Amplifiers
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COUNSEL OF NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION. As used herein:
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whose failure to perform when properly used in
accordance with instructions for use provided in the
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can be reasonably expected to cause the failure of
the life support device or system, or to affect its
safety or effectiveness.
labeling, can be reasonably expected to result in a
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Corporation
Americas
Tel: 1-800-272-9959
Fax: 1-800-737-7018
Email: support@nsc.com
www.national.com
National does not assume any responsibility for use of any circuitry described, no circuit patent licenses are implied and National reserves the right at any time without notice to change said circuitry and specifications.
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