The following major changes have been implemented in this manual since the previous edition:
EditionDescriptionDate
6881094C21-OInitial editionDec. 2001
i
6881094C21-BAdded changes from FMR2027-1 into manual.
Added Full keypad (FKP) controller board, schematics and parts lists (PCB no.8471678L01).
Added Limited keypad (LKP) controller board, schematics and parts lists (PCB no.8471679L01).
Added VHF Main Board, Controls and Switches,
Receiver, Synthesizer, VCO andTransmitter Diagrams, Parts List (PCB no. 8471021L01)
Added UHF Band 1 Main Board, Controls and
Switches, Receiver, Synthesizer, VCO and Transmitter Diagrams, Parts List (PCB no. 8471441L01).
Added UHF Band 2 Main Board, Controls and
Switches, Receiver, Synthesizer, VCO and Transmitter Diagrams, Parts List (PCB no. 8471475L01).
Added new universal controller flexes (PCB no.
8471612L01 and 8471698L01).
Updated model charts for UHF Band 1, UHF Band 2
and VHF to incIude IP67 radios.
Jan. 2007
Page 3
ii
Notes
Page 4
Safety-iii
!
C a u t i o n
PRODUCT SAFETY AND RF EXPOSURE COMPLIANCE
Before using this product, read the operating instructions for safe usage contained in the
Product Safety and RF Exposure booklet enclosed with your radio.
ATTENTION!
This radio is restricted to occupational use only to satisfy FCC RF energy exposure
requirements. Before using this product, read the RF energy awareness information and operating
instructions in the Product Safety and RF Exposure booklet enclosed with your radio (Motorola
Publication part number 68P81095C98) to ensure compliance with RF energy exposure limits.
For a list of Motorola-approved antennas, batteries, and other accessories, visit the following web site
which lists approved accessories: http://www.motorola.com/cgiss/index.shtml.
Page 5
Safety-iv
Notes
Page 6
Table of Contents
Product Safety and RF Exposure Compliance...........................................iii
6.1VHF Circuit Board/ Schematic Diagrams and Parts List ................................................................ 6-1
VHF Radio Parts List......................................................................................................................... 6-9
6.2VHF Circuit Board/ Schematic Diagrams and Parts List (PCB No. 8471021L01) ....................... 6-13
Parts List for VHF (for PCB No. 8471021L01) ................................................................................ 6-22
7.1UHF Band 1, Circuit Board/Schematic Diagrams and Parts List ................................................... 7-1
Page 8
vii
UHF Band 1 Radio Parts List ............................................................................................................ 7-9
7.2UHF Band 1, Circuit Board/ Schematic Diagrams and Parts List (PCB No. 8471441L01).......... 7-11
UHF Band 1 Radio Parts List (PCB No. 8471441L01) ................................................................... 7-20
8.1UHF Band 2, Circuit Board/Schematic Diagrams and Parts List ................................................... 8-1
UHF Band 2 Radio Parts List ............................................................................................................ 8-9
8.2UHF Band 2, Circuit Board/Schematic Diagrams and Parts List (PCB No.8471475L01)............ 8-11
UHF Band 2 Radio Parts List (PCB No. 8471475L01) ................................................................... 8-20
Page 9
viii
Notes
Page 10
Chapter 1Introduction
1.1Scope of Manual
This manual is intended for use by service technicians familiar with similar types of equipment. It
contains service information required for the equipment described and is current as of the printing
date. Changes that occur after the printing date are incorporated by a complete manual revision or
alternatively, as additions.
1-1
NOTE
Before operating or testing these units, please read the Safety Information Section in
the front of this manual.
1.2Warranty and Service Support
Motorola offers long term support for its products. This support includes full exchange and/or repair of
the product during the warranty period, and service/repair or spare parts support out of warranty. Any
“return for exchange” or “return for repair” by an authorized Motorola dealer must be accompanied by
a warranty claim form. Warranty claim forms are obtained by contacting customer service.
1.2.1 Warranty Period
The terms and conditions of warranty are defined fully in the Motorola dealer or distributor or reseller
contract. These conditions may change from time to time and the following notes are for guidance
purposes only.
1.2.2 Return Instructions
In instances where the product is covered under a “return for replacement” or “return for repair”
warranty, a check of the product should be performed prior to shipping the unit back to Motorola. This
is to ensure that the product has been correctly programmed or has not been subjected to damage
outside the terms of the warranty.
Prior to shipping any radio back to a Motorola warranty depot, please contact the appropriate
customer service for instructions. All returns must be accompanied by a warranty claim form,
available from your customer services representative. Products should be shipped back in the original
packaging, or correctly packaged to ensure no damage occurs in transit.
1.2.3 After Warranty Period
After the Warranty period, Motorola continues to support its products in two ways:
Firstly, Motorola's Accessories and Aftermarket Division (ADD) supplies individual parts and modules
that can be purchased by dealers who are technically capable of performing fault analysis and repair.
Secondly, Motorola’s service department offers a repair service to both end users and dealers at
competitive prices.
Page 11
1-2Related Documents
1.3Related Documents
The following documents are directly related to the use and maintainability of this product.
TitlePart Number
Service Manual, Basic, Engl, NA
Service Manual, Basic, Engl, LA
Service Manual, Basic, Span
Service Manual, Basic, Port
Service Manual, Detailed, Engl
Service Manual, Detailed, Span
Service Manual, Detailed, Port
1.4Technical Support
Technical support is available to assist the dealer/distributor and self-maintained customers in
resolving any malfunction which may be encountered. Initial contact should be by telephone to
customer resources wherever possible. When contacting Motorola technical support, be prepared to
provide the product model number and the unit’s serial number. The contact locations and telephone
numbers are located in the Basic Service Manual listed under the Related Documents paragraph of
this chapter.
1.4.1 Piece Parts Availability
Some replacement parts, spare parts, and/or product information can be ordered directly. If a
complete Motorola part number is assigned to the part, and it is not identified as “Depot ONLY”, the
part is available from Motorola Accessories and Aftermarket Division (AAD). If no part number is
assigned, the part is not normally available from Motorola. If the part number is appended with an
asterisk, the part is serviceable by a Motorola depot only. If a parts list is not included, this generally
means that no user-serviceable parts are available for that kit or assembly.
7:00 A. M. to 7:00 P. M. (Central Standard
Time)
Monday through Friday (Chicago, U. S. A.)
To Order Parts in the United States of
America:
1-800-422-4210, or 847-538-8023
1-800-826-1913, or 410-712-6200 (U. S.
Federal Government)
TELEX: 280127
FAX: 1-847-538-8198
FAX: 1-410-712-4991 (U. S. Federal Government)
(U. S. A.) after hours or weekends:
1-800-925-4357
To Order Parts in Latin America and the
Caribbean:
Please send an email to:
latech1@email.mot.com
Accessories and Aftermarket Division
(United States and Canada)
Attention: Order Processing
1313 E. Algonquin Road
Schaumburg, IL 60196
Accessories and Aftermarket Division
Attention: Latin America and Caribbean
Order Processing
1313 E. Algonquin Road
Schaumburg, IL 60196
Parts Identification
1-847-538-0021 (Voice)
1-847-538-8194 (FAX)
Page 12
Radio Model Chart and Specifications1-3
1.5Radio Model Chart and Specifications
The radio model charts and specifications are located in the Basic Service Manual listed under the
Related Documents paragraph of this chapter.
1.6Radio Model Information
The model number and serial number are located on a label attached to the back of your radio. You
can determine the RF output power, frequency band, protocols, and physical packages from these
numbers. The example below shows one portable radio model number and its specific
characteristics.
Table 1-1. Radio Model Number
Example: LAH38KDC9AA3
Type of
Unit
AA
or
LA
Model
Series
H38 K
H = Portable
LA = Motorola Internal Use
Freq.
Band
VHF
(136-
174MHz)
R
UHF1
(403-
470MHz)
S
UHF2
(450-
527MHz)
Power
Level
D
4-5W
Physical
Packages
C9
Channel
Spacing
Program-
mable
Protocol
AA
Conven-
tional
DU
LTR
Feature
Level
3A N
6
Model
Revision
Model
Package
Page 13
1-4Radio Model Information
Notes
Page 14
Chapter 2Theory of Operation
2.1Introduction
This section provides a detailed theory of operation for the radio and its components.
2.2Radio Power Distribution
Audio
Power
Amplifier
7.5V
Battery
UNSWB+
Fuse
3.5V
Reg.
LI Ion
PA, Dr i ve r
PCIC(ALC)
MECH.
SWB+
Low Battery
Detect
SWB+
Control
On/Off Switch
Antenna
Switch
R5
R1
Vdda
Regulator
Vddd
Regulator
TX.
Led
R2
Regulator
R3
MCU, MicroP, ROM
and EEPROM
5V
5V
Vdda
Vddd
LCD
Driver
RF. AMP, IF AMP
Ext. RX.
Buffer (NU)
ASFIC_CMP
FRACTN
VCOBIC
2-1
LVZ IF
Figure 2-1. DC Power Distribution Block Diagram
A Block diagram of the DC power distribution throughout the radio board is shown in Figure 2-1. A
7.5V battery (BATT 7.5V) supplies power directly to the electronic ON/OFF control as UNSWB+.
When the radio is turned on, MECH_SWB+ (ON/OFF volume control) will trigger the electronic ON/
OFF control (momentary-on path), then SWB+ is distributed. Vdda from 3.3V Vdda regulator will then
supply the microprocessor. Data is then sent to ASFIC_CMP to turn on GCB4(DAC). GCB4 will take
over the momentary-on path within 12ms. SWB+ will continue to support the whole board until the
radio is turned off.
Radio will be turned-off on two conditions;
1. MECH_SWB+ turned off
2. Low battery
When low battery level is detected by the microprocessor through both conditions above, it will store
the radio personality data to EEPROM before turning off.
Page 15
2-2Keypad
Table 2-1. Vdd Regulator Band and Radio Jumpers
2.3Keypad
The keypad block diagram is shown in Figure 2-2. The LED_EN setting is set by the codeplug. When
the value is set to high, the LED will not light up during power up and vice versa.
U602 is a comparator that will compare the voltage when any one of the keypad row or keypad
column keys is being pressed. Therefore when a key is being pressed, it will send a message to the
microprocessor through the output (KEY_INT) telling it that a key has been pressed. The
microprocessor will then sample the Analog to Digital voltages at the keypad row and keypad column
and map it with the table so that the key being pressed can be identified. Once the key has been
identified, the message that corresponds to the key will show up at the display.
Jumpers
R1YY
R2NN
R3NY
R4NN
R5YN
VddaYN
SW. Reg.NN
Dual Vdd Regulator
Scheme
Single Vdd Regulator
Scheme
Display
Data
Micro Processor
Key_Int
18 pin connector
LED
Comparator
Figure 2-2. Keypad Block Diagram
Keypad Column
Keypad
Row
Keypad
Button
Page 16
Keypad2-3
2.4Controller Board
The controller board is the central interface between the various subsytems of the radio. It is
separated into digital and audio architectures. The digital portion consists of a special Motorola
microcontroller (HC11FL0). The audio power amplifier (Audio PA) and audio/signalling/filter/
companding IC (ASFIC_CMP) form the backbone of the audio/signalling architecture.
External
Microphone
Internal
Microphone
External
Speaker
16.8 MHz
Reference Clock
from Synthesizer
Recovered Audio
Squelch
To Synthesizer
Mod
Out
ASFIC_CMP
Audio/Signalling
Architecture
Audio
PA
To RF Board
3.3V
Regulator
(Vdda)
Digital
Architecture
3.3V
Regulator
(Vddd)
Figure 2-3. Controller Block Diagram
SPI
RAM
EEPROM
ROM
µP Clock
HC11FL0
Internal
Speaker
SCI to Side
Connector
Page 17
2-4Keypad
C
4
2.4.1 MCU Configuration
There is one common MCU architecture for low-tier as well as for the high-tier products. It covers the
Conventional and Trunking portables. An open architecture system with the new HC11FL0 as the
processor is used. Combinations of different size RAM, ROM and EEPROM are available for various
application software.
2.4.2 Real Time Clock (RTC)
This radio supports Real Time Clock (RTC) module for purposes of Message Time Stamping and
Time Keeping. The RTC module resides in the micro-processor HC11FL0. It is kept alive by a back-up
Lithium Ion battery when the primary battery is removed.
UNSWB+
HC11FL0
MODA
MODB
PI6
R426
FL401
38.4kHz
R420
PI7
2.4.3 Circuit Description
The RTC module circuit, shown in Figure 2-4, which resides in the HC11FL0 is powered by the ModB/
Vstby pin and PI6/PI7 form the crystal oscillator circuit. Clock frequency of 38.4kHz from a crystal
oscillator provides the reference signal. In the processor, the frequency is divided down to 1Hz.
As the RTC module is powered separately from the processor Vdd, the RTC is kept alive through the
ModB / Vstby pin when the radio is switched off. A small button Lithium Ion battery continues to feed
the RTC when the primary battery is removed.
A MOSFET Q416 switches in the Li (Lithium) Ion supply when Vdd is removed. Q416 also provides
isolation from BOOT_CTRL function in the event of radio program flashing. A small 3.3V regulator is
used to charge the Li (Lithium) Ion battery.
OUT
GND
IN
C436
C437
Vddd
R461
Q416
3
1
R463
300
Q417
UNSWB+
1
2
3
6
Figure 2-4. RTC Circuit
C435
2
R462
CR411
15
4
2
3
CR413
51
4
3
2
TP405
TEST_POINT
SWB+
R460
2
LI_ION
1
U410
VOUT
VIN
VSS
1
R419
BOOT_CTRL
3.3V
3
Page 18
VHF Transmitter2-5
2.4.4 ModB/Vstby Supply
The supply to the ModB/Vstby pin varies depending on the conditions listed in Table 2-2
Table 2-2. ModB/Vstby Supply Modes
ConditionCircuit Operation
Radio OnVdd supply voltage via CR411
Radio Off• Vdd turned off
• Q416 gate is pulled low by R462
• Q416 is switched on
• U410 supplies 3.2V to ModB/Vstby
Primary battery removed• Vdd turned off
• Q416 gate is pulled low by R462
• Q416 is switched on
• Li Ion battery provides 3.2V to ModB/Vstby
Flash Mode• Boot_Ctrl line pull low
• ModA & ModB goes low
• Processor in boot-strap mode
• Flashing enabled
2.5VHF Transmitter
PCIC
Vcontrol
PA-Final
Stage
Antenna Switch/
Harmonic Filter/
Matching Network
From VCO
Vcontrol
PA
Driver
Figure 2-5. Transmitter Block Diagram
The VHF transmitter, shown in Figure 2-5, contains five basic circuits:
• Power Amplifier
• Antenna Switch
• Harmonic Filter
• Antenna Matching Network
• Power Control Integrated Circuit (PCIC).
Antenna
Jack
Page 19
2-6VHF Transmitter
2.5.1 Power Amplifier
The power amplifier consists of two devices:
• 9Z67 LDMOS driver IC (U3501) and
• PRF1507 LDMOS PA (Q3501).
The 9Z67 LDMOS driver IC contains a 2 stage amplification with a supply voltage of 7.3V.
This RF power amplifier is capable of supplying an output power of 0.3W (pin 6 and 7) with an input
signal of 2mW (3dBm) (pin16). The current drain would typically be 130mA while operating in the
frequency range of 136-174MHz.
The PRF1507 LDMOS PA is capable of supplying an output power of 7W with an input signal of 0.3W.
The current drain would typically be 1800mA while operating in the frequency range of 136-174MHz.
The power output can be varied by changing the biasing voltage.
2.5.2 Antenna Switch
The antenna switch circuit consists of two PIN diodes (D3521 and D3551), a pi network (C3531,
L3551 and C3550), and three current limiting resistors (R3571, R3572, R3573). In the transmit mode,
B+ at PCIC (U3502) pin 23 will go low and turn on Q3561 where a B+ bias is applied to the antenna
switch circuit to bias the diodes “on”. The shunt diode (D3551) shorts out the receiver port, and the pi
network, which operates as a quarter wave transmission line, transforms the low impedance of the
shunt diode to a high impedance at the input of the harmonic filter. In the receive mode, the diodes
are both off, and hence, there exists a low attenuation path between the antenna and receiver ports.
2.5.3 Harmonic Filter
The harmonic filter consists of C3532 to C3536, L3531 and L3532. This network forms a low-pass
filter to attenuate harmonic energy of the transmitter to specifications level. The harmonic filter
insertion loss should be less than 1.2dB.
2.5.4 Antenna Matching Network
A matching network which is made up of L3538 and C3537 is used to match the antenna's
impedance to the harmonic filter. This will optimize the performance of the transmitter and receiver
into an antenna.
2.5.5 Power Control Integrated Circuit (PCIC)
The transmitter uses the Power Control IC (PCIC), U3502 to control the power output of the radio by
maintaining the radio current drain. The current to the final stage of the power module is supplied
through R3519 (0.1ohms), which provides a voltage proportional to the current drain. This voltage is
then fedback to the Automatic Level Control (ALC) within the PCIC to keep the whole loop stable.
The PCIC has internal digital to analog converters (DACs) which provide the reference voltage of the
control loop. The voltage level is controlled by the microprocessor through the data line of the PCIC.
There are resistors and integrators within the PCIC, and external capacitors (C3562, C3563 and
C3565) in controlling the transmitter rising and falling time. These are necessary in reducing the
power splatter into adjacent channels.
U3503 and its associated circuitry acts as a temperature cut back circuitry. This circuitry provides the
necessary voltage to the PCIC to cut the transmitter power when the radio temperature gets too high.
Page 20
VHF Transmitter2-7
2.5.6 VHF Receiver
The VHF receiver consists of a front end, back end, and automatic gain control circuits. A block
diagram of the VHF receiver is shown in Figure 2-6. Detailed descriptions of these features are
contained in the paragraphs that follow.
Antenna
RF Jack
Pin Diode
Antenna
Switch
Varactor
Tuned Filter
Control Voltage
from ASFIC
RF Amp
AGC
First LO
from FGU
Varactor
Tuned Filter
Mixer
Crystal
Filter
IF Amp
2.5.7 Receiver Front-End
The RF signal is received by the antenna and applied to a low-pass filter. For VHF, the filter consists
of L3531, L3532, C3532 to C3563. The filtered RF signal is passed through the antenna switch. The
antenna switch circuit consists of two PIN diodes (D3521 and D3551) and a pi network (C3531,
L3551 and C3550). The signal is then applied to a varactor tuned bandpass filter. The VHF bandpass
filter comprises of L3301, L3303, C3301 to C3304 and D3301. The bandpass filter is tuned by
applying a control voltage to the varactor diode (D3301) in the filter.
The bandpass filter is electronically tuned by the DACRx from IC404 which is controlled by the
microprocessor. Depending on the carrier frequency, the DACRx will supply the tuned voltage to the
varactor diodes in the filter. Wideband operation of the filter is achieved by shifting the bandpass filter
across the band.
The output of the bandpass filter is coupled to the RF amplifier transistor Q3302 via C3306. After
being amplified by the RF amplifier, the RF signal is further filtered by a second varactor tuned
bandpass filter, consisting of L3305, L3306, C3311 to C3314 and D3302.
Both the pre and post-RF amplifier varactor tuned filters have similar responses. The 3 dB bandwidth
of the filter is about 12 MHz. This enables the filters to be electronically controlled by using a single
control voltage which is DACRx.
Recovered Audio
Squelch
RSSI
16.8 MHz
Reference Clock
Demodulator
U3220
IC
IF
SPI Bus
Figure 2-6. VHF Receiver Block Diagram
Synthesizer
Second
LO VCO
Page 21
2-8VHF Transmitter
The output of the post-RF amplifier filter is connected to the passive double balanced mixer which
consists of T3301, T3302 and CR3301. Matching of the filter to the mixer is provided by C3317,
C3318 and L3308. After mixing with the first LO signal from the voltage controlled oscillator (VCO)
using high side injection, the RF signal is down-converted to the 45.1 MHz IF signal.
The IF signal coming out of the mixer is transferred to the crystal filter (Y3200) through a resistor pad
(R3321 - R3323) and a diplexer (C3320 and L3309). Matching to the input of the crystal filter is
provided by C3200 and L3200. The crystal filter provides the necessary selectivity and
intermodulation protection.
2.5.8 Receiver Back-End
The output of crystal filter Y3200 is matched to the input of IF amplifier transistor Q3200 by capacitor
C3203. Voltage supply to the IF amplifier is taken from the receive 5 volts (R5). The gain controlled IF
amplifier provides a maximum gain of about 10dB. The amplified IF signal is then coupled into U3220
(pin 3) via L3202, C3207, and C3230 which provides the matching for the IF amplifier and U3220.
The IF signal applied to pin 3 of U3220 is amplified, down-converted, filtered, and demodulated, to
produce the recovered audio at pin 27 of U3220. This IF IC is electronically programmable, and the
amount of filtering (which is dependent on the radio channel spacing) is controlled by the
microprocessor. Additional filtering, once externally provided by the conventional ceramic filters, is
replaced by internal filters in the IF module (U3220).
The IF IC uses a type of direct conversion process, whereby the externally generated second LO
frequency is divided by two in U3220 so that it is very close to the first IF frequency. The IF IC (U3220)
synthesizes the second LO and phase-locks the VCO to track the first IF frequency. The second LO is
designed to oscillate at twice the first IF frequency because of the divide-by-two function in the IF IC.
In the absence of an IF signal, the VCO will “search” for a frequency, or its frequency will vary close to
twice the IF frequency. When an IF signal is received, the VCO will lock onto the IF signal. The
second LO/VCO is a Colpitts oscillator built around transistor Q3270. The VCO has a varactor diode,
D3270, to adjust the VCO frequency. The control signal for the varactor is derived from a loop filter
consisting of C3278 to C3280, R3274 and R3275.
The IF IC (U3220) also performs several other functions. It provides a received signal-strength
indicator (RSSI) and a squelch output. The RSSI is a dc voltage monitored by the microprocessor,
and used as a peak indicator during the bench tuning of the receiver front-end varactor filter. The
RSSI voltage is also used to control the automatic gain control (AGC) circuit at the front-end.
The demodulated signal on pin 27 of U3220 is also used for squelch control. The signal is routed to
U404 (ASFIC) where squelch signal shaping and detection takes place. The demodulated audio
signal is also routed to U404 for processing before going to the audio amplifier for amplification.
2.5.9 Automatic Gain Control Circuit
The front end automatic gain control circuit provides automatic reduction of gain, of the front end RF
amplifier via feedback. This action is necessary to prevent overloading of back end circuits. This is
achieved by drawing some of the output power from the RF amplifier output. At high radio
frequencies, capacitor C3327 provides the low impedance path to ground for this purpose. CR3302 is
a PIN diode used for switching the path on or off. A certain amount of forward biasing current is
needed to turn the PIN diode on. Transistor Q3301 provides this current.
Radio signal strength indicator, RSSI, a voltage signal, is used to drive Q3301 to saturation i.e. turned
on. RSSI is produced by U3220 and is proportional to the gain of the RF amplifier and the input power
to the radio.
Page 22
VHF Transmitter2-9
Resistors R3304 and R3305 are voltage dividers designed to turn on Q3301 at certain RSSI levels. In
order to turn on Q3301 the voltage across R3305 must be greater or equal to the voltage across
R3324, plus the base-emitter voltage (Vbe) present at Q3301. Capacitor C3209 is used to dampen
any instability while the AGC is turning on. The current flowing into the collector of Q3301, a high
current gain NPN transistor, will be drawn through the PIN diode to turn it on. Maximum current
flowing through the PIN is limited by the resistors R3316, R3313, R3306 and R3324. C3326 is a
feedback capacitor used to provide some stability to this high gain stage.
An additional gain control circuit is formed by Q3201 and its associated circuitry. Resistors R3206 and
R3207 are voltage dividers designed to turn on Q3201 at a significantly higher RSSI level than the
level required to turn on PIN diode control transistor Q3301. In order to turn on Q3201 the voltage
across R3207 must be greater or equal to the voltage across R3208, plus the base-emitter voltage
(Vbe) present at Q3201. As current starts flowing into the collector of Q3201, it reduces the bias
voltage at the base of IF amplifier transistor Q3200 and in turn, the gain of the IF amplifier. The gain
can be controlled in a range of -30dB up to +10dB.
2.5.10 Frequency Generation Circuitry
Voltage
Vmult2
16.8 MHz
Ref. USCG.
Multiplier
Vmult1
Modulating
Signal
VCP
Synthesizer
U3701
MOD Out
Aux3
Rx VCO Circuit
Loop
Filter
Tx VCO
Circuit
TRB
VCOBIC
U3801
Rx Out
Tx Out
To
Mixer
To
PA Driver
Figure 2-7. Frequency Generation Unit Block Diagram
The Frequency Generation Circuitry, shown in Figure 2-7, is composed of two main ICs, the
Fractional-N synthesizer (U3701), and the VCO/Buffer IC (U3801). Designed in conjunction to
maximize compatibility, the two ICs provide many of the functions that normally would require
additional circuitry. The synthesizer block diagram illustrates the interconnect and support circuitry
used in the region. Refer to the relevant schematics for the reference designators.
The synthesizer is powered by regulated 5V and 3.3V which come from U3711 and U3201
respectively. The synthesizer in turn generates a superfiltered 4.5V which powers U3801.
In addition to the VCO, the synthesizer must interface with the logic and ASFIC circuitry.
Programming for the synthesizer is accomplished through the data, clock and chip select lines from
the microprocessor. A 3.3V dc signal from synthesizer lock detect line indicates to the microprocessor
that the synthesizer is locked.
Transmit modulation from the ASFIC is supplied to pin 10 of U3701. Internally the audio is digitized by
the Fractional-N and applied to the loop divider to provide the low-port modulation. The audio runs
through an internal attenuator for modulation balancing purposes before going out to the VCO.
Page 23
2-10VHF Transmitter
2.5.11 Synthesizer
The Fractional-N Synthesizer, shown in Figure 2-8, uses a 16.8MHz crystal (Y3761) to provide a
reference for the system. The LVFractN IC (U3701) further divides this to 2.1MHz, 2.225MHz, and
2.4MHz as reference frequencies. Together with C3761, C3762, C3763, R3761 and D3761, they build
up the reference oscillator which is capable of 2.5ppm stability over temperatures of -30 to 85°C. It
also provides 16.8MHz at pin 19 of U3701 to be used by ASFIC and LVZIF.
The loop filter which consist of C3721, C3722, R3721, R3722 and R3723 provides the necessary dc
steering voltage for the VCO and determines the amount of noise and spur passing through.
In achieving fast locking for the synthesizer, an internal adapt charge pump provides higher current at
pin 45 of U3701 to put synthesizer within the lock range. The required frequency is then locked by
normal mode charge pump at pin 43.
Both the normal and adapt charge pumps get their supply from the capacitive voltage multiplier which
is made up of C3701 to C3704 and triple diodes D3701, D3702. Two 3.3V square waves (180 deg out
of phase) are first multiplied by four and then shifted, along with regulated 5V, to build up 13.5V at pin
47 of U3701.
DATA (U409 PIN 100)
CLOCK (U409 PIN 1)
CSX (U409 PIN 2)
MOD IN (U404 PIN 40)
+5V (U3711 PIN 4)
(U3201 PIN 5)
REFERENCE
OSCILLATOR
VOLTAGE
MULTIPLIER
10
13, 30
5, 20, 34, 36
23
24
32
47
7
DATA
8
CLK
9
CEX
MODIN
VCC, DC5V
VDD, 3.3V
XTAL1
XTAL2
25
WARP
PREIN
VCP
VMULT2VMULT1
14
BIAS2
5V
4
19
6, 22, 23, 24
43
45
41
3
2
28
40
39
DUAL
TSTRS
LOCK (U409 PIN 56)
FREF (U3220 PIN 21 & U404 PIN 34)
2-POLE
LOOP
FILTER
FILTERED 5V
R5
U3701
LOW VOLTAGE
FRACTIONAL-N
SYNTHESIZER
15
PRESCALER IN
LOCK
FREFOUT
GND
IOUT
IADAPT
MODOUT
AUX4
AUX3
SFOUT
BIAS1
AUX1
48
Figure 2-8. Synthesizer Block Diagram
STEERING
LINE
LO RF INJECTION
VOLTAGE
CONTROLLED
OSCILLATOR
TX RF INJECTION
(1ST STAGE OF PA)
Page 24
VHF Transmitter2-11
2.5.12 Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO)
AUX3 (U3701 Pin2)
Steer Line
Voltage
(VCTRL)
(U3701 Pin28)
VSF
RX Tank
TX Tank
Rx-SW
Tx-SW
RX VCO
Circuit
TX VCO
Circuit
Pin7
Pin13
Vcc-Superfilter
Pin3
Collector/RF in
Pin4
RX
Pin5
Pin6
TX
Pin16
Pin15
Pin18
Vcc-Logic
VSF
(U3701 Pin28)
Pin 20
Vsens
Circuit
TRB_IN
TX/RX/BS
Switching Network
U3801
VCOBIC
Rx
Active Bias
Tx
Active Bias
Pin2
Rx-I adjust
Prescaler Out
Pin1
Tx-I adjust
Pin 12Pin 19
Presc
RX
Pin8
Pin14
TX
Pin10
Pins 9,11,17
U3701 Pin 32
Matching
Network
VSF
VCC Buffers
TX RF Injection
LO RF INJECTION
Low Pass
Filter
(3701 Pin28)
Attenuator
The VCOBIC (U3801), shown in Figure 2-9, in conjunction with the Fractional-N synthesizer (U3701)
generates RF in both the receive and the transmit modes of operation. The TRB line (U3801 pin 19)
determines which oscillator and buffer will be enabled. A sample of the RF signal from the enabled
oscillator is routed from U3801 pin 12, through a low pass filter, to the prescaler input (U3701 pin 32).
After frequency comparison in the synthesizer, a resultant CONTROL VOLTAGE is received at the
VCO. This voltage is a DC voltage typically between 3.5V and 9.5V when the PLL is locked on
frequency.
Figure 2-9. VCO Block Diagram
Page 25
2-12UHF Transmitter (Band 1 and Band 2)
The RF section of the VCOBIC (U3801) is operated at 4.54 V (VSF), while the control section of the
VCOBIC and Fractional-N synthesizer (U3701) is operated at 3.3V. The operation logic is shown in
Table 2-3.
Table 2-3. VCO Control Logic
Desired ModeAUX 4AUX 3TRB
Txn.u.High (@3.2V)High (@3.2V)
Rxn.u.LowLow
Battery Savern.u.Hi-Z/Float
(@1.6V)
In the receive mode, U3801 pin 19 is low or grounded. This activates the receive VCO by enabling the
receive oscillator and the receive buffer of U3801. The RF signal at U3801 pin 8 is run through a
matching network. The resulting RF signal is the LO RF INJECTION and it is applied to the mixer at
T3302.
During the transmit condition, when PTT is depressed, 3.2 volts is applied to U3801 pin 19. This
activates the transmit VCO by enabling the transmit oscillator and the transmit buffer of U3801. The
RF signal at U3801 pin 10 is injected into the input of the PA module (U3501 pin16). This RF signal is
the TX RF INJECTION. Also in transmit mode, the audio signal to be frequency modulated onto the
carrier is received through U3701 pin 41.
When a high impedance is applied to U3801 pin19, the VCO is operating in BATTERY SAVER mode.
In this case, both the receive and transmit oscillators as well as the receive transmit and prescaler
buffer are turned off.
2.6UHF Transmitter (Band 1 and Band 2)
PCIC
Hi-Z/Float (@1.6V)
Vcontrol
From VCO
PA
Driver
The UHF transmitter consists of the following basic circuits as shown in Figure 2-10:
• Power Amplifier
• Antenna Switch
• Harmonic Filter
• Antenna Matching Network
• Power Control Integrated Circuit (PCIC).
Vcontrol
PA-Final
Stage
Antenna Switch/
Harmonic Filter/
Matching Network
Figure 2-10. Transmitter Block Diagram
Antenna
Jack
Page 26
UHF Transmitter (Band 1 and Band 2)2-13
2.6.1 Power Amplifier
The power amplifier consists of two devices:
• 9Z67 LDMOS driver IC (U101) and
• PRF1507 LDMOS PA (Q110).
The 9Z67 LDMOS driver IC contains a 2 stage amplification with a supply voltage of 7.3V.
This RF power amplifier is capable of supplying an output power of 0.3W (pins 6 and 7) with an input
signal of 2mW (3dBm) (pin 16). The current drain would typically be 160mA while operating in the
frequency range of 403-470MHz for Band 1 or 450-527MHz for Band 2.
The PRF1507 LDMOS PA is capable of supplying an output power of 7W with an input signal of 0.3W.
The current drain would typically be 1300mA while operating in the frequency range of 403-470MHz
for Band 1 or 450-527MHz for Band 2. The power output can be varied by changing the biasing
voltage.
2.6.2 Antenna Switch
The antenna switch circuit consists of two PIN diodes (CR101 and CR102), a pi network (C107, L104
and C106), and two current limiting resistors (R101, R170). In the transmit mode, B+ at PCIC (U102)
pin 23 will go low and turn on Q111 where a B+ bias is applied to the antenna switch circuit to bias the
diodes “on”. The shunt diode (CR102) shorts out the receiver port, and the pi network, which operates
as a quarter wave transmission line, transforms the low impedance of the shunt diode to a high
impedance at the input of the harmonic filter. In the receive mode, the diodes are both off, and hence,
there exists a low attenuation path between the antenna and receiver ports.
2.6.3 Harmonic Filter
The harmonic filter consists of C104, L102, C103, L101 and C102. The design of the harmonic filter
for UHF is that of a modified Zolotarev design. It has been optimized for efficiency of the power
module. This type of filter has the advantage that it can give a greater attenuation in the stop-band for
a given ripple level. The harmonic filter insertion loss is typically less than 1.2dB.
2.6.4 Antenna Matching Network
A matching network which is made up of L116 is used to match the antenna's impedance to the
harmonic filter. This will optimize the performance of the transmitter and receiver into an antenna.
2.6.5 Power Control Integrated Circuit (PCIC)
The transmitter uses the Power Control IC (PCIC), U102 to regulate the power output of the radio.
The current to the final stage of the power module is supplied through R101, which provides a voltage
proportional to the current drain. This voltage is then fedback to the Automatic Level Control (ALC)
within the PCIC to regulate the output power of the transmitter.
The PCIC has internal digital to analog converters (DACs) which provide the reference voltage of the
control loop. The reference voltage level is programmable through the SPI line of the PCIC.
There are resistors and integrators within the PCIC, and external capacitors (C133, C134 and C135)
in controlling the transmitter rising and falling time. These are necessary in reducing the power
splatter into adjacent channels.
CR105 and its associated components are part of the temperature cut back circuitry. It senses the
printed circuit board temperature around the transmitter circuits and output a DC voltage to the PCIC.
If the DC voltage produced exceeds the set threshold in the PCIC, the transmitter output power will be
reduced so as to reduce the transmitter temperature.
Page 27
2-14UHF Transmitter (Band 1 and Band 2)
2.6.6 UHF Receiver (Band 1 and Band 2)
The UHF receiver consists of a front end, back end, and automatic gain control circuits. a block
diagram of the receiver is shown in Figure 2-11.
Antenna
RF Jack
Pin Diode
Antenna
Switch
Varactor
Tuned Filter
Control Voltage
from ASFIC
RF Amp
AGC
First LO
from FGU
Varactor
Tuned Filter
Mixer
Crystal
Filter
IF Amp
A detailed description of these stages are contained in the paragraphs that follow.
2.6.7 Receiver Front-End
The RF signal is received by the antenna and applied to a low-pass filter. For UHF, the filter consists
of L101, L102, C102, C103, C104. The filtered RF signal is passed through the antenna switch. The
antenna switch circuit consists of two PIN diodes (CR101 and CR102) and a pi network (C106, L104
and C107).The signal is then applied to a varactor tuned bandpass filter. The UHF bandpass filter
comprises of L301, L302, C302, C303, C304, CR301 and CR302. The bandpass filter is tuned by
applying a control voltage to the varactor diodes (CR301 and CR302) in the filter.
The bandpass filter is electronically tuned by the DACRx from IC404 which is controlled by the
microprocessor. Depending on the carrier frequency, the DACRx will supply the tuned voltage to the
varactor diodes in the filter. Wideband operation of the filter is achieved by shifting the bandpass filter
across the band.
The output of the bandpass filter is coupled to the RF amplifier transistor Q301 via C307. After being
amplified by the RF amplifier, the RF signal is further filtered by a second varactor tuned bandpass
filter, consisting of L306, L307, C313, C317, CR304 and CR305.
Both the pre and post-RF amplifier varactor tuned filters have similar responses. The 3dB bandwidth
of the filter is about 50MHz. This enables the filters to be electronically controlled by using a single
control voltage which is DACRx.
Recovered Audio
Squelch
RSSI
16.8 MHz
Reference Clock
Demodulator
U301
IC
IF
SPI Bus
Synthesizer
Figure 2-11. UHF Receiver Block Diagram
Second
LO VCO
Page 28
UHF Transmitter (Band 1 and Band 2)2-15
The output of the post-RF amplifier filter which is connected to the passive double balanced mixer
consists of T301, T302 and CR306. Matching of the filter to the mixer is provided by C381. After
mixing with the first LO signal from the voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) using low side injection, the
RF signal is down-converted to the 45.1MHz IF signal.
The IF signal coming out of the mixer is transferred to the crystal filter (FL301) through a resistor pad
and a diplexer (C322 and L310). Matching to the input of the crystal filter is provided by C324 and
L311. The crystal filter provides the necessary selectivity and intermodulation protection.
2.6.8 Receiver Back-End
The output of crystal filter FL301 is matched to the input of IF amplifier transistor Q302 by
components R352 and C325. Voltage supply to the IF amplifier is taken from the receive 5 volts (R5).
The IF amplifier provides a gain of about 7dB. The amplified IF signal is then coupled into U301 (pin
3) via C330, C338 and L330 which provides the matching for the IF amplifier and U301.
The IF signal applied to pin 3 of U301 is amplified, down-converted, filtered, and demodulated, to
produce the recovered audio at pin 27 of U301. This IF IC is electronically programmable, and the
amount of filtering (which is dependent on the radio channel spacing) is controlled by the
microprocessor. Additional filtering, once externally provided by the conventional ceramic filters, is
replaced by internal filters in the IF module (U301).
The IF IC uses a type of direct conversion process, whereby the externally generated second LO
frequency is divided by two in U301 so that it is very close to the first IF frequency. The IF IC (U301)
synthesizes the second LO and phase-locks the VCO to track the first IF frequency. The second LO is
designed to oscillate at twice the first IF frequency because of the divide-by-two function in the IF IC.
In the absence of an IF signal, the VCO will “search” for a frequency, or its frequency will vary close to
twice the IF frequency. When an IF signal is received, the VCO will lock onto the IF signal. The
second LO/VCO is a Colpitts oscillator built around transistor Q320. The VCO has a varactor diode,
CR310, to adjust the VCO frequency. The control signal for the varactor is derived from a loop filter
consisting of C362, C363, C364, R320 and R321.
The IF IC (U301) also performs several other functions. It provides a received signal-strength
indicator (RSSI) and a squelch output. The RSSI is a DC voltage monitored by the microprocessor,
and used as a peak indicator during the bench tuning of the receiver front-end varactor filter. The
RSSI voltage is also used to control the automatic gain control (AGC) circuit at the front-end.
The demodulated signal on pin 27 of U301 is also used for squelch control. The signal is routed to
U404 (ASFIC) where squelch signal shaping and detection takes place. The demodulated audio
signal is also routed to U404 for processing before going to the audio amplifier for amplification.
2.6.9 Automatic Gain Control Circuit
The front end automatic gain control circuit is to provide automatic gain reduction of the front end RF
amplifier via feedback. This action is necessary to prevent overloading of back end circuits. This is
achieved by drawing some of the output power from the RF amplifier’s output. At high radio
frequencies, capacitor C331 provides the low impedance path to ground for this purpose. CR308 is a
PIN diode used for switching the path on or off. A certain amount of forward biasing current is needed
to turn the PIN diode on. Transistors Q315 provides this current where upon saturation, current will
flow via R347, PIN diode, collector and emitter of Q315 and R319 before going to ground. Q315 is an
NPN transistor used for switching here. Maximum current flowing through the PIN is mainly limited by
the resistor R319.
Radio signal strength indicator, RSSI, a voltage signal, is used to drive Q315 to saturation hence
turning it on. RSSI is produced by U301 and is proportional to the gain of the RF amplifier and the
input RF signal power to the radio.
Page 29
2-16UHF Transmitter (Band 1 and Band 2)
Resistor network at the input to the base of Q315 is scaled to turn on Q315, hence activating the
AGC, at certain RSSI levels. In order to turn on Q315, the voltage across the transistor’s base to
ground must be greater or equal to the voltage across R319, plus the base-emitter voltage (Vbe)
present at Q315. The resistor network with thermistor RT300 is capable of providing temperature
compensation to the AGC circuit, as RSSI generated by U301 is lower at cold temperatures
compared to normal operation at room temperature. Resistor R300 and capacitor C397 form an R-C
network used to dampen any transient instability while the AGC is turning on.
2.6.10 Frequency Generation Circuitry
Dual
Tran-
Vmult2
16.8 MHz
Ref. Osc.
Voltage
Multiplier
Vmult1
Synthesizer
VCP
Aux3
Aux4
U201
MOD Out
Loop
Filter
sistor
Rx VCO Circuit
Tx VCO Circuit
TRB
VCOBIC
U241
Rx Out
Tx Out
Matching
Network
Attenuator
Low
Pass
Filter
To
PA Driver
To
Mixer
Modulating
Signal
The Frequency Generation Circuitry is composed of two main ICs, the Fractional-N synthesizer
(U201), and the VCO/Buffer IC (U241). Designed in conjunction to maximize compatibility, the two ICs
provide many of the functions that normally would require additional circuitry. The synthesizer block
diagram illustrates the interconnect and support circuitry used in the region. Refer to the relevant
schematics for the reference designators.
The synthesizer is powered by regulated 5V and 3.3V which come from U247 and U248 respectively.
The synthesizer in turn generates a superfiltered 4.5V which powers U241.
In addition to the VCO, the synthesizer must interface with the logic and ASFIC circuitry.
Programming for the synthesizer is accomplished through the data, clock and chip select lines from
the microprocessor. A 3.3V dc signal from synthesizer lock detect line indicates to the microprocessor
that the synthesizer is locked.
Transmit modulation from the ASFIC is supplied to pin10 of U201. Internally the audio is digitized by
the Fractional-N and applied to the loop divider to provide the low-port modulation. The audio runs
through an internal attenuator for modulation balancing purposes before going out to the VCO.
2.6.11 Synthesizer
The Fractional-N Synthesizer uses a 16.8MHz crystal (FL201) to provide a reference for the system.
The LVFractN IC (U201) further divides this to 2.1MHz, 2.225MHz, and 2.4MHz as reference
frequencies. Together with C206, C207, C208, R204 and CR203, they build up the reference
oscillator which is capable of 2.5ppm stability over temperatures of -30 to 85°C. It also provides
16.8MHz at pin 19 of U201 to be used by ASFIC and LVZIF.
The loop filter which consist of C231, C232, C233, R231, R232 and R233 provides the necessary DC
steering voltage for the VCO and determines the amount of noise and spur passing through.
Figure 2-12. Frequency Generation Unit Block Diagram
Page 30
UHF Transmitter (Band 1 and Band 2)2-17
In achieving fast locking for the synthesizer, an internal adapt charge pump provides higher current at
pin 45 of U201 to put synthesizer within the lock range. The required frequency is then locked by
normal mode charge pump at pin 43.
Both the normal and adapt charge pumps get their supply from the capacitive voltage multiplier which
is made up of C258, C259, C228, triple diode CR201 and level shifters U210 and U211. Two 3.3V
square waves (180 deg out of phase) are first shifted to 5V, then along with regulated 5V, put through
arrays of diodes and capacitors to build up 13.3V at pin 47 of U201.
DATA (U409 PIN 100)
CLOCK (U409 PIN 1)
CSX (U409 PIN 2)
MOD IN (U404 PIN 40)
+5V (U247 PIN 4)
(U248 PIN 5)
REFERENCE
OSCILLATOR
VOLTAGE
MULTIPLIER
10
13, 30
5, 20, 34, 36
23
24
25
32
47
7
DATA
8
CLK
9
CEX
MODIN
V
, DC5V
CC
, 3.3V
V
DD
XTAL1
XTAL2
WARP
PREIN
VCP
VMULT2VMULT1
14
BIAS1
BIAS2
5V
4
19
6, 22, 23, 24
43
45
41
3
2
FILTERED 5V
28
40
39
DUAL
TRANSISTORS
LOCK (U409 PIN 56)
FREF (U201 PIN 21 & U404 PIN 34)
2-POLE
LOOP
FILTER
DUAL
TRANSIS
TORS
R5
U251
LOW VOLTAGE
FRACTIONAL-N
SYNTHESIZER
15
PRESCALER IN
LOCK
FREFOUT
GND
IOUT
IADAPT
MODOUT
AUX4
AUX3
SFOUT
AUX1
48
Figure 2-13. Synthesizer Block Diagram
STEERING
LINE
LO RF INJECTION
VOLTAGE
CONTROLLED
OSCILLATOR
TX RF INJECTION
(1ST STAGE OF PA)
Page 31
2-18UHF Transmitter (Band 1 and Band 2)
2.6.12 Voltage Controlled Oscillator - (VCO)
5V
Steer Line
Voltage
(VCTRL)
(U201 Pin28)
VSF
RX Tank
TX Tank
Rx-SW
Tx-SW
RX VCO
Circuit
TX VCO
Circuit
Pin7
Pin13
Vcc-Superfilter
Pin3
Collector/RF in
Pin4
RX
Pin5
Pin6
TX
Pin16
Pin15
Pin18
Vcc-Logic
Pin 20
Vsens
Circuit
TRB_IN
TX/RX/BS
Switching Network
U241
VCOBIC
Rx
Active Bias
Tx
Active Bias
Pin2
Rx-I adjust
Prescaler Out
Pin1
Tx-I adjust
Level Shifter
Network
Pin 12Pin 19
Presc
RX
Pin8
Pin14
TX
Pin10
Pins 9,11,17
AUX3 (U201 Pin2)
AUX4 (U201 Pin3)
U201 Pin 32
Matching
Network
VSF
VCC Buffers
TX RF Injection
LO RF INJECTION
Low Pass
Filter
(U201 Pin28)
Attenuator
VSF
(U201 Pin28)
Figure 2-14. VCO Block Diagram
The VCOBIC (U241) in conjunction with the Fractional-N synthesizer (U201) generates RF in both the
receive and the transmit modes of operation. The TRB line (U241 pin 19) determines which oscillator
and buffer will be enabled. A sample of the RF signal from the enabled oscillator is routed from U241
pin 12, through a low pass filter, to the prescaler input (U201 pin 32). After frequency comparison in
the synthesizer, a resultant CONTROL VOLTAGE is received at the VCO. This voltage is a DC
voltage between 3.5V and 9.5V when the PLL is locked on frequency.
The VCOBIC(U241) is operated at 4.54V (VSF) and Fractional-N synthesizer (U201) at 3.3V. This
difference in operating voltage requires a level shifter consisting of Q260 and Q261 on the TRB line.
The operation logic is shown in Table 2-4.
Page 32
UHF Transmitter (Band 1 and Band 2)2-19
Table 2-4. Level Shifter Logic
Desired ModeAUX 4AUX 3TRB
TxLowHigh (@3.2V)High (@4.8V)
RxHighLowLow
Battery SaverLowLowHi-Z/Float (@2.5V)
In the receive mode, U241 pin 19 is low or grounded. This activates the receive VCO by enabling the
receive oscillator and the receive buffer of U241. The RF signal at U241 pin 8 is run through a
matching network. The resulting RF signal is the LO RF INJECTION and it is applied to the mixer at
T302.
During the transmit condition, when PTT is depressed, five volts is applied to U241 pin 19. This
activates the transmit VCO by enabling the transmit oscillator and the transmit buffer of U241. The RF
signal at U241 pin 10 is injected into the input of the PA module (U101 pin16). This RF signal is the
TX RF INJECTION. Also in transmit mode, the audio signal to be frequency modulated onto the
carrier is received through the U201 pin 41.
When a high impedance is applied to U241 pin19, the VCO is operating in BATTERY SAVER mode.
In this case, both the receive and transmit oscillators as well as the receive transmit and prescaler
buffer are turned off.
Page 33
2-20UHF Transmitter (Band 1 and Band 2)
Notes
Page 34
Chapter 3Maintenance
!
3.1Introduction
This chapter of the manual describes:
• Preventive maintenance
• Safe handling of CMOS devices
• Repair procedures and techniques
3.2Preventive Maintenance
The radios do not require a scheduled preventive maintenance program; however, periodic visual
inspection and cleaning is recommended.
3.2.1 Inspection
Check that the external surfaces of the radio are clean, and that all external controls and switches are
functional. It is not recommended to inspect the interior electronic circuitry.
3.2.2 Cleaning
The following procedures describe the recommended cleaning agents and the methods to be used
when cleaning the external and internal surfaces of the radio. External surfaces include the front
cover, housing assembly, and battery case. These surfaces should be cleaned whenever a periodic
visual inspection reveals the presence of smudges, grease, and/or grime.
3-1
NOTE
The only recommended agent for cleaning the external radio surfaces is a 0.5% solution of a mild
dishwashing detergent in water. The only factory recommended liquid for cleaning the printed circuit
boards and their components is isopropyl alcohol (70% by volume).
CAUTION: The effects of certain chemicals and their vapors can have harmful results on certain plastics. Aerosol sprays, tuner cleaners, and other chemicals should be avoided.
1. Cleaning External Plastic Surfaces
2. Cleaning Internal Circuit Boards and Components
Internal surfaces should be cleaned only when the radio is disassembled for servicing or repair.
The detergent-water solution should be applied sparingly with a stiff, non-metallic, short-bristled
brush to work all loose dirt away from the radio. A soft, absorbent, lintless cloth or tissue should
be used to remove the solution and dry the radio. Make sure that no water remains entrapped
near the connectors, cracks, or crevices.
Isopropyl alcohol may be applied with a stiff, non-metallic, short-bristled brush to dislodge embedded or caked materials located in hard-to-reach areas. The brush stroke should direct the dislodged material out and away from the inside of the radio. Make sure that controls or tunable
components are not soaked with alcohol. Do not use high-pressure air to hasten the drying process since this could cause the liquid to collect in unwanted places. Upon completion of the
cleaning process, use a soft, absorbent, lintless cloth to dry the area. Do not brush or apply any
isopropyl alcohol to the frame, front cover, or back cover.
NOTE Always use a fresh supply of alcohol and a clean container to prevent contamination
by dissolved material (from previous usage).
Page 35
3-2Safe Handling of CMOS and LDMOS
3.3Safe Handling of CMOS and LDMOS
Complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) and lateral diffusion metal oxide semiconductor
(LDMOS) devices are used in this family of radios. Their characteristics make them susceptible to
damage by electrostatic or high voltage charges. Damage can be latent, resulting in failures occurring
weeks or months later. Therefore, special precautions must be taken to prevent device damage
during disassembly, troubleshooting, and repair.
Handling precautions are mandatory for the circuits and are especially important in low humidity
conditions. DO NOT attempt to disassemble the radio without first referring to the CMOS CAUTION
paragraph in the Disassembly and Reassembly section of the basic manual (See Chapter 3).
3.4General Repair Procedures and Techniques
1. Parts Replacement and Substitution
When damaged parts are replaced, identical parts should be used. If the identical replacement
component is not locally available, check the parts list for the proper Motorola part number and
order the component from the nearest Motorola Communications parts center listed in the “Piece
Parts” section of this manual (See Chapter 1).
2. Rigid Circuit Boards
The family of radios uses bonded, multi-layer, printed circuit boards. Since the inner layers are
not accessible, some special considerations are required when soldering and unsoldering components. The printed-through holes may interconnect multiple layers of the printed circuit. Therefore, care should be exercised to avoid pulling the plated circuit out of the hole.
3. When soldering near the 20-pin and 40-pin connectors:
• avoid accidentally getting solder in the connector.
• be careful not to form solder bridges between the connector pins
• closely examine your work for shorts due to solder bridges.
4. Flexible Circuits
The flexible circuits are made from a different material than the rigid boards and different techniques must be used when soldering. Excessive prolonged heat on the flexible circuit can damage the material. Avoid excessive heat and excessive bending.
5. For parts replacement, use the ST-1087 Temperature-Controlled Solder Station with a 600-700
degree tip, and use small diameter solder such as ST-633. The smaller size solder will melt faster
and require less heat to be applied to the circuit.
To replace a component on a flexible circuit:
• grasp the edge of the flexible circuit with seizers (hemostats) near the part to be removed
• pull gently
• apply the tip of the soldering iron to the component connections while pulling with the seizers.
• Do not attempt to puddle out components. Prolonged application of heat may damage the flexi-
ble circuit.
6. Chip Components
Use either the RLN-4062 Hot-Air Repair Station or the Motorola 0180381B45 Repair Station for
chip component replacement. When using the 0180381B45 Repair Station, select the TJ-65 minithermojet hand piece. On either unit, adjust the temperature control to 700 degrees F. (370
degrees C), and adjust the airflow to a minimum setting. Airflow can vary due to component density.
• To remove a chip component:
•Use a hot-air hand piece and position the nozzle of the hand piece approximately 1/8” (0.3 cm)
above the component to be removed.
Page 36
Shields3-3
• Begin applying the hot air. Once the solder reflows, remove the component using a pair of tweezers.
• Using a solder wick and a soldering iron or a power desoldering station, remove the excess solder
fr
om the pads.
• To replace a chip component using a soldering iron:
• Select the appropriate micro-tipped soldering iron and apply fresh solder to one of the solder pads.
• Using a pair of tweezers, position the new chip component in place while heating the fresh solder.
• Once solder wicks onto the new component, remove the heat from the solder.
• Heat the remaining pad with the soldering iron and apply solder until it wicks to the component. If
necessary, touch up the first side. All solder joints should be smooth and shiny.
• To replace a chip component using hot air:
• Use the hot-air hand piece and reflow the solder on the solder pads to smooth it.
• Apply a drop of solder paste flux to each pad.
• Using a pair of tweezers, position the new component in place.
• Position the hot-air hand piece approximately 1/8” (0.3 cm) above the component and begin apply-
ing heat.
• Once the solder wicks to the component, remove the heat and inspect the repair. All joints should
be smooth and shiny.
3.5Shields
Removing and replacing shields will be done with the R-1070 station with the temperature control set
to approximately 415°F (215°C) [445°F (230°C) maximum]
• To remove the shield:
• Place the circuit board in the R-1070’s holder.
• Select the proper heat focus head and attach it to the heater chimney.
• Add solder paste flux around the base of the shield.
• Position the shield under the heat-focus head.
• Lower the vacuum tip and attach it to the shield by turning on the vacuum pump.
• Lower the focus head until it is approximately 1/8” (0.3 cm) above the shield.
• Turn on the heater and wait until the shield lifts off the circuit board.
• Once the shield is off, turn off the heat, grab the part with a pair of tweezers, and turn off the vac-
uum pump.
• Remove the circuit board from the R-1070’s circuit board holder.
• To replace the shield:
• Add solder to the shield if necessary, using a micro-tipped soldering iron.
• Next, rub the soldering iron tip along the edge of the shield to smooth out any excess solder. Use
solder wick and a soldering iron to remove excess solder from the solder pads on the circuit board.
• Place the circuit board back in the R1070’s circuit board holder.
• Place the shield on the circuit board using a pair of tweezers.
• Position the heat-focus head over the shield and lower it to approximately 1/8” (0.3 cm) above the
shield.
• Turn on the heater and wait for the solder to reflow.
• Once complete, turn off the heat, raise the heat-focus head and wait approximately one minute for
the part to cool.
• Remove the circuit board and inspect the repair. No cleaning should be necessary.
Page 37
3-4Recommended Test Tools
3.6Recommended Test Tools
Table 3-1 lists the tools recommended for working on this family of radios. These tools are also
available from Motorola.
Table 3-1.
MotorolaPart Number Description:Application:
RSX4043A Torx Driver Tighten and remove chassis screws
6680387A70 T-6 Torx BitRemovable Torx driver bit
R1453A Digital readout solder station Digitally controlled soldering iron
RLN4062AHot Air Workstation, 120VTool for hot air soldering / desolder-
0180386A78 Illuminated magnifying glass with
lens attachment.
0180302E51 Master Lens SystemIllumination and magnification of
0180386A82 Anti-static grounding kitUsed during all radio assembly and
Sensitivity Measurements.
or *R1370A SINAD Meter w/ RMS w/
RMS Audio Voltmeter. Receiver
Sensitivity Measurements.
S1348DProgrammable DC 0-20VDC, 0-5Amps, current Bench
Supply for 7.5Vdc. Power Supply
limited
3.7Replacing the Circuit Board Fuse.
In cases where the radio fails to turn on when power is applied, the circuit board fuse should always
be checked as a probable cause of the failure. The locations of the fuse for both the UHF and VHF
boards are shown in Figure 3-1. The radio must be disassembled to replace the fuses as described in
the Basic Service Manual (see Chapter 1 - Related Documents), then the circuit board separated
from the radio chassis as described in the paragraphs that follow.
Page 40
Replacing the Circuit Board Fuse.3-7
6
8
0
2
4
6
8
0
2
7
2
5
0
J3502
3
4
2
L3523
C3526
C3569
R3572R3573
R3566
R3571
TP3502
C3565
C3562
C3563
R3565
C3560
8
9
U3502
C3568
C3571
16
17
R3569
L3809
C3808
C3809
C3811
L3811
R3811
C3810
R3805
L3812
R3806
C3806
C3812
R3818
C3818
R3817
R3816
L3813
C3816
R434
R436
C446
C440
C411
1
C414
C415
C451
SH403
12
C430
C452
3
4
Q410
C450
1
5
R471
C478
C476
VR432
VR433
J3501
C3516
C3564
H3501
C3515
R3519
C3561
R3564
U3503
R3567
R3563
C3507
1
C3506
32
C3566
R3561
L3519
R3562
C3509
R3570
25
24
C3508
Q3561
R3807
R3801
C3804
SH3802
C3801
L3801
C3802
R3802
C3805
L3826
Q3801
R3804
R3803
C3803
R3808
C3823
R3825
R3826
R3824
C3821
10
1
C3813
R3812
U3801
C3827
20
11
R3832
R3831
R3830
R3829
L3816
C3815
C410
C409
R449
C408
R445
C407
R475
C479
R425
48
37
36
R413
C481
U404
C419
C420
C421
R400
25
24
13
C416
C422
C447
C447
C448
R424
20
1
R423
R472
R431
U420
C475
10
11
C477
C445
VR448
C483
R473
C442
C484
VHF Board
S501
C
4
8C2
C3301
L3301 L3303
C3302
D3301
C3303
C3305
R3303
C3304
C3321
C3326
C3325
R3307
R3306
CR3302
Q3301
R3324
R3304
R3301
R3305
C3315C3316
RT3301
R3319
L3308
C3317
R3320
CR3301
C3336
R3727
C3726
C3727
36
37
U3701
48
C3725
1
R3726
C3734
R3705
C3709
C3708
C3733
C3705
L3731
R3702
R419
U410
C434
R461
SH402
R432
C453
C456
R411
L411
R409
R457
L410
E400
S502
3
2
5
4
C3236
C3237
C3235
C3231
C3240
R3223
R3224
C3232
C3322
C3233
C3242
C3224
C3323
C3234
C3324
R3315
R3314
C3339
C3337
C503
C3755
C3704
D3702
Q416
R462
C459
C3241
363725
24
C3239
U3220
SH3202
C3226
SH3301
C3223
C3229
13
48
12
1
C3243
C3244
C3238
R3219
R3222
C3230
C3220
R3220
L3221
C3219
C3227
R3221
C3228
C3211
C3221
R3222
C3218
C535
B501
F501
123
CR501
C3735
R3763
SH3702
VR439
L3701
25
C 3762
24
R3762
C3761
C3732
C3731
R3704
13
12
C3702
C3707
C3701
C435
R460
CR411
75
100
1
C458
C466
VR441
VR506
L505
3
4
Y3762
R3703
C3703
2
D3701
D3761
VR442
R3760
C3751
C3763
R3761
C437
3
C436
FL401
R426
R414
R415
R463
C431
C433
R420
50
U409
25
E404
E405
E406
E402
C463
E401
E403
C449
Fuse
F501
J102
4
3
2
J101
C108
R101
3
4
R170
Q111
P100
C132
R133
C172
H101
C173
R172
CR105
R102
R130
R131
C105
C126
17
C138
25
C150
U102
C151
1
C152
9
R132
C174
C135
C133
R109
L112
C134
C378
CR241
CR243
R241
L242
R112
R110
R242
R111
C295
L281
R349
C281
R245
10
C372
R331
Q310
C371
R330
C373
R332
C255
R251
R252
CR251
1
4
C
S501
2
C8
R328
R340
C307
R303
L303
C309
Q301
R304
CR303
L304
C310
C321
C315
R305
R347
C311
L340
C314
L305
C306
SH302
C395
C312
C313
CR304
L306
R306
C316
C380
R307
CR305
L307
C317
C318
R329
E101
CR306
C170
C130
C128
CR242
C242
C243
C250
C246
C245
U241
R254
C254
C252
SH304
VR439
F501
C123
CR501
C241
L241
R233
C232
C201
C231
C234
R201
R232
R231
C244
R244
1
SH242
C224
U201
20111
13
C259
U211
U210
3
C218
4
C265
L251
R281
C296
4
3
C258
C551
C553
R511
C552
S502
3
2
4
5
C339
C390
C383
C346
C357
C343
C340
R344
C358
C341
C359
C342
C345
25
37
C334
C347
SH322
C356
U301
C348
1
13
C337
R350
L314
C329
C360
C382
C361
C355
C344
R343
L331
C336
C326
C338
R313
C330
C327
L330
R311
R312
Q302
R315
C503
1
32
B501
L505
C278
VR506
C277
C293
R202
C219
U248
L261
37
C223
SH202
C264
C263
C279
C298
C202
25
R204
C207
C206
C548
C549
C550
R510
VR442
C204
CR203
C208
C523
C525
C527
C529
C531
C533
C535
C537
C539
C541
C543
C544
C545
C546
C526
C528
C530
C532
C534
C536
C538
C540
C542
C547
C555
R509
UHF Band 1 Board
4
3
J102
J101
2
1
C108
CR103
M100
P100
4
3
Q111
C132
R133
C172
C173
R172
CR105
R102
R130
R131
C105
C126
C138
17
25
U102
1
9
C174
R132
C135
C133
R109
C134
C378
CR241
L242
R112
R110
M300
R111
L281
C295
R349
C281
10
R245
Q310
R331
C372
11
C371
R330
C373
R251
R332
R252
CR251
C
4
S501
C
2
R328
C307
R340
R303
L303
Q301
R304
C309
C310
CR303
L304
R170
C315
C321
R101
R347
C311
L340
R305
L305
C314
C306
C395
C312
C313
L306
CR304
C380
R306
H101
R307
C316
CR305
L307
C317
C318
R329
E101
C170
VR439
C150
C128
C151
C130
C152
C123
L112
CR501
CR242
CR243
C241
L241
C232
C242
R241
C243
C234
C250
C244
R231
R242
C246
C245
R244
R232
SH242
1
C224
1
U241
20
13
C259
C255
R254
C254
U211
3
U210
4
C252
L251
3
C258
C296
UHF Band 2 Board
S502
3
2
4
5
8
C383
C390
C346
C357
C339
C343
C340
R344
C358
C359
C341
C342
C345
25
37
SH322
SH302
CR306
SH304
F501
R233
C201
C231
R201
37
U201
C218
C207
R281
C265
4
C206
C551
C553
C55
R511
C334
C347
C356
C348
C337
L314
C329
C355
R315
C503
32
R202
C293
C219
L261
C223
C264
C263
SH202
C298
C202
25
C204
R204
C208
CR203
C545
C546
C548
C549
C550
C54
M301
U301
1
13
R350
C382
C361
C360
C344
R343
C336
L331
C338
C326
R313
C327
C330
L330
Q302
R312
R311
1
B501
VR506
C278
L505
M101
C277
C522
U248
VR441
C215
VR442
R205
C279
43
Y201
C523
2
C525
C527
C529
C531
C533
C535
C537
C539
C541
C543
C544
C52
C52
C53
C53
C53
C53
C53
C54
C54
C55
R509R51
Figure 3-1. VHF, UHF Band 1, and UHF Band 2 Circuit Board Fuse Location
Page 41
3-8Removing and Reinstalling the Circuit Board
3.8Removing and Reinstalling the Circuit Board
Both the UHF and VHF circuit boards are removed from the radio chassis in the following manner:
1. Refer to the Basic Service Manual (see Chapter 3- Related Documents) for radio disassembly,
then use a philips screwdriver and to remove the four M2X4 screws shown in Figure 3-2.
2. Lift the circuit board out of the radio chassis, then remove and discard the O-rings located
between the circuit board and chassis.
3. After repairs, replace the O-rings then reinstall the circuit board into the radio chassis.
4. Reinstall and tighten the four Torx screws to secure the circuit board to the chassis.
5. Refer to the Basic Service Manual to reassemble the radio.
Turning on the radio using the ON/OFF volume control starts a self-test routine which checks the
RAM, ROM checksum, EEPROM hardware and EEPROM checksum. If these checks are
successfully completed, the radio will generate the Self-Test Pass Tone. Radio emits a low pitch tone
if it fails the self-test.
Troubleshooting Flow Chart for Receiver (Sheet 2 of 2)
Check Q3721, U3701 (pin 48)
Are varactor volt-
ages OK?
Yes
No
Check U404 voltage and if U404 can
be selected by MCU before replacing
U404.
voltages and U247
Check varactor filter.
Page 46
VHF Troubleshooting Charts3-13
START
No Power
Yes
1. Check Pin Diodes
2. Check Harmonic Filter
Inspect/Repair Tx. Output Net-
Is Current OK?
work
Yes
No
Is There B+ Bias for
Ant switch
Is Control Voltage High
No
or Low
High
Check Drive to Mod-
ule
Is Drive OK?
Yes
Inspect PA Network/Check Power
Out of U3501 at Cap C3512
Check Q3561
Low
Check PCIC
No
Troubleshoot VCO
Is Power OK?
No
Yes
Yes
Done
Done
Yes
Done
Troubleshooting Flow Chart for Transmitter
Is Power OK?
No
Replace U3501
Is Power OK?
No
Replace Q3501
Page 47
3-14VHF Troubleshooting Charts
Check D3701,
D3702, U3701,
C3701 - C3707
YES
5V
NO
at pin 6
of
D3701
NO
Check
L3701,
R3701
Is U3701 Pin
AT = 13 VDC
Is U3701 Pin
19
<0.7 VDC in
RX &
>4.3 VDC in
TX?
YES
Is U3701
Pin 18 AT
4.54
VDC?
YES
Is RF level at
U3701 Pin 32
>-30 dBm?
Correct
Problem
47
YES
NO
NO
Check Q260,
NO
U3701 pin 2
at >3V in Tx
and <0.7V in
Q261 &
R260
Rx
NO
Replace
U3701
If R3727, C3726 &
C3727 are OK, then
see VCO
troubleshooting chart
YES
NO
Star t
Visual
check of the
Board OK?
NO
Check
5V
NO
YES
+5V at
U3701
Pin’s
13 & 30?
Are signals
at Pin’s 14 &
15 of
U3701?
YES
Is there a short
between Pin 47
and Pins 14 & 15
of U3701?
YES
Remove
Shorts
YES
NO
3.3V at
U3701 pins
5, 20, 34 &
36
YES
Is 16.8MHz
Signal at
U3701 Pin
19?
YES
Are Waveforms
at Pins 14 & 15
triangular?
YES
Check program-
ming lines between
U409 and U3701
Pins 7, 8 & 9
Check uP U409
Troubleshooting
Chart
NO
NO
Check Y3761,
C3761, C3762,
C3763, D3761 &
NO
NO
Check
U3201,
L3731
Is
16.8MHz
signal at
U3701
pin
23?
YES
NO
R3761
NO
Do Pins 7,8 & 9
of U3701 tog-
gle
when channel
is
changed?
YES
Is information
from μP U409
correct?
YES
Replace
U3701
Replace
U3701
YES
Are C3721,
C3722,C3723,
R3721, R3722,
NO
R3723 OK?
YES
Replace
U3701
Replace or resolder
necessary
components
Troubleshooting Flow Chart for Synthesizer
Page 48
VHF Troubleshooting Charts3-15
START
Change U3801
No
L3831, L3832,
L3833 O/C?
No
Pin 10 >1V?
Check R3811, L3811 for dry
joint or faulty
Yes
A
Yes
Change L3831,
Yes
TRB = 3.2V?
AUX 3 High?
Check U3701 Pin 2
L3832
for 3.2V
No
No
No
Yes
Tx Carrier?
VCO OK
Check R3829
Change L3821,
L3822, L382,
L243
No
Yes
Yes
No LO?
Yes
A
Pin 19 =0V
AUX 3 Low?
Change U3801
Troubleshooting Flow Chart for VCO
No
Yes
V ctrl 0V or
13V?
Yes
Yes
No
Check for faulty parts or dry joints of
L3812 C3806, R3806, R3802 & L3801
No
Change U3701
L3821, L3822,
L3823 Open Cir-
cuit?
No
Change U3801
Page 49
3-16UHF (Band 1 and Band 2) Troubleshooting Charts
3.11 UHF (Band 1 and Band 2) Troubleshooting Charts
INT
AUDIO
J403 Audio
at Pin 2 &
Pin 3
Check Spk. Flex
Connection
Check
U301
LV Z I F
EXT
PTT
Radio could
not PTT
externally
EXT
SPKR
J403 Pin 9 low?
Pin 8 high?
YES
NO
Audio from Pin
41 ASFIC, U404?
NO
ASFIC U404
OPT_SEL_1 &
NO
YES
Audio at
AudioPA
(U420)
input
(U447)
NO
NO
Audio at
Pin 2
U404?
YES
Check
J403
OPT_SEL_2
Pin 8 & 9
low?
YES
Check
Accessories
YES
Check
Audio PA
(U420)
LED should
light up
NO
PTT
Press PTT. Red
LED does not
light up
PTT U409
Pin 53
low?
YES
Press PTT
Q502-2
High?
Check
Q502-2
voltage
Check
Accessories
YES
U409
Pin 52, 6
low?
NO
NO
Check
PB504
YES
No
LED
YES
Q502,R501
OK?
No
Replace
Faulty
Component
Check
MCU
See FGU
Troubleshoot-
ing chart
MCU Check
Power Up
Alert Tone
OK?
NO
Speaker
OK?
YES
U409 EXTAL=
7.3728 MHz?
NO
U201 Pin 19
16.8 MHz
YES
5V at U247?
3.3V at U248?
YES
U409 Reset Pin
94 High?
YES
Not able to pro-
YES
gram RF Board
NO
YES
NO
NO
NO
ICs
Replace
Speaker
Read Radio
OK?
YES
Troubleshooting
7.5V at
Pin 3/5 U247?
4/3.3V at Pin 1
U248
YES
Check any short
to SWB+,
Vdda or Vddd
Before replacing
MCU, check SPI
clock, SPI data,
and RF IC select
NO
Check
Setup
Reprogram the
correct data.
See FGU
NO
Check
Q400
Replace
U247/U248
ASFIC U404
Pin 14 & 15
high?
Check
U420 Audio PA
NO
YES
Check
U404
MCU is OK
Troubleshooting Flow Chart for Controller
Page 50
UHF (Band 1 and Band 2) Troubleshooting Charts3-17
START
Bad SINAD
Bad 20dB Quieting
No Recovered Audio
Audio at pin 27 of
U301?
Yes
Check Controller
No
Spray of inject 1st IF into XTAL Filter
IF Freq: 45.1MHz
Check Q320 bias circuitry
Yes
B
Audio heard?
No
Check 2nd LO Control Voltage at
C363
No
A
for faults.
Rotate Freq. Knob
Activity on U301 sel
pin?
Yes
B
VCO locked?
Check controller.
Yes
Check FGU
No
Troubleshooting Flow Chart for Receiver (Sheet 1 of 2)
No
16.8 MHz check at
pin 22 U301?
Yes
A
Before replacing U301, check 2nd VCO Q320. Check
VCO O/P level, C351, C352.
Page 51
3-18UHF (Band 1 and Band 2) Troubleshooting Charts
B
Inject RF into J101
IF Signal at
L311?
No
RF Signal att
T301?
No
RF Signal at
C310?
No
RF Signal at
No or
weak RF
C307?
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
1st LO O/P OK?
Trace IF signal from
L311 to Q302. Check
for bad XTAL filter.
Locked?
Yes
Check filter between C310 &
Check RF amp (Q301) Stage.
T301.
No
Check FGU
Check T301, T302, CR306,
R308, R309, R310
Q302 collector OK?
IF signal present?
No
Check for 2.6 VDC
No
Is R5 present?
Yes
Before replacing U301,
check U301 voltages;
trace IF signal path.
Yes
A
Yes
A
Check filter between C301 & C307;
Yes
RF Signal at C301?
program filter to schematic test freq
No
Check harmonic filters L101 & L102 and ant. switches
CR101, CR102, L104
Troubleshooting Flow Chart for Receiver (Sheet 2 of 2)
and check varactor voltages.
Check U404 voltage. U404 can be
selected by MCU before replacing
Are varactor volt-
ages OK?
No
U404.
No
Check Q210, U201 (pin 48)
voltages and U247
Yes
Check varactor filter.
Page 52
UHF (Band 1 and Band 2) Troubleshooting Charts3-19
START
No Power
Yes
Is Current OK?
1. Check Pin Diodes
2. Check Harmonic Filter
Inspect/Repair Tx. Output Net-
work
Yes
No
Is There B+ Bias for
Ant switch
Is Control Voltage High
No
or Low
High
Check Drive to Mod-
ule
Is Drive OK?
Yes
Inspect PA Network/Check Power
Out of U101 at Cap C160
Check Q111
Low
Check PCIC
No
Troubleshoot VCO
Is Power OK?
No
Yes
Yes
Done
Done
Yes
Done
Troubleshooting Flow Chart for Transmitter
Is Power OK?
No
Replace U101
Is Power OK?
No
Replace Q101
Page 53
3-20UHF (Band 1 and Band 2) Troubleshooting Charts
NO
Check U248,
L201 & L202
NO
16.8MHz
signal at
U201 pin
23?
Check FL201,
C206, C207,
C208, CR203 &
R204
NO
Do Pins 7,8 & 9
NO
Is
YES
NO
of U201 toggle
when channel
is changed?
Replace
U201
Check CR201,
U210, U211,
C258, C259 &
C228
YES
5V
NO
at pin 6
of
CR201
NO
Check
L202
Is U241 Pin 19
Is U201 Pin
AT = 1 3
VDC
<0.7 VDC in
RX &
>4.3 VDC in
TX?
YES
47
Correct
Problem
YES
NO
Check Q260,
Q261 &
R260
U201 pin 2 at
>3V in Tx
and <0.7V in
Rx
YES
NO
Star t
Visual
check of the
Board OK?
YES
NO
Check 5V
Regulator
+5V at
U201
Pin’s
13 & 30?
Are signals
at Pin’s 14 &
15 of U201?
YES
YES
NO
3.3V at
U201 pins 5,
20, 34 & 36
YES
Is 16.8MHz
Signal at
U201 Pin
19?
YES
Are Waveforms
at Pins 14 & 15
triangular?
YES
Is U201 Pin
18
AT 4.54
VDC?
YES
Is RF level at
U201 Pin 32
>-30 dBm?
YES
Are R231,R232,
R233,C231,C23
2 & C233 OK?
YES
Replace
U201
NO
NO
Replace
U201
If L261, C263 & C264
NO
NO
NO
are OK, then see
VCO troubleshooting
chart
Replace or
resolder
necessary
components
Is there a short
between Pin 47
and
Pins 14 & 15 of
U201?
YES
Remove
Shorts
Check program-
ming lines between
U409 and U201
Pins 7,8 & 9
NO
Check uP U409
Troubleshooting
Chart
YES
Is information
from μP U409
correct?
YES
Replace
U201
Troubleshooting Flow Chart for Synthesizer
Page 54
UHF (Band 1 and Band 2) Troubleshooting Charts3-21
START
Change U241
No
No
Check R245 for dry joint or
faulty
Pin 10 >1V?
L253 O/C?
Yes
A
Yes
Yes
Change L253
TRB = 5V?
AUX 3 High?
Check U201 Pin 2
for 3.2V
No
No
No
No
Tx Carrier?
Yes
VCO OK
Check R260
Change L243
Yes
No LO?
Yes
A
Pin 19 =0V
AUX 4 High?
Change Q261
Troubleshooting Flow Chart for VCO
No
Yes
V ctrl 0V or
13V?
Yes
Yes
No
Check for faulty parts or dry joints of
L271, L273, C370, C386, R339 & L320
No
Change U201
L243 Open Cir-
cuit?
No
Change U241
Page 55
3-22Keypad Troubleshooting Chart
3.12 Keypad Troubleshooting Chart
ON
Display
Keypad LED
ON
End
OFF
IF STILL OFF
OFF
Disconnect and reconnect
18-pin flex
Disconnect and reconnect
40-pin flex
Page 56
Chapter 4Schematic Diagrams, Overlays, and Part
Lists
4.1Introduction
This chapter provides schematic diagrams, overlays, and parts lists for the radio circuit board and
interface connections.
4.1.1 Notes For All Schematics and Circuit Boards
* Component is frequency sensitive. Refer to the Electrical Parts List for value and usage.
1. Unless otherwise stated, resistances are in Ohms (k = 1000), and capacitances are in picofarads
(pF) or microfarads (µF).
2. DC voltages are measured from point indicated to chassis ground using a Motorola DC multimeter or equivalent. Transmitter measurements should be made with a 1.2 µH choke in series with
the voltage probe to prevent circuit loading.
3. Reference Designators are assigned in the following manner:
100 Series = Transmitter UHF
200 Series = Frequency Generation UHF
300 Series = Receiver UHF
400/500 Series = Controller
600 Series = Keypad Board
3200 Series = IF Circuitry
3300 Series = Receiver VHF
3500 Series = Transmitter VHF
3700/3800 Series = Frequency Generation VHF
4-1
4. Interconnect Tie Point Legend:
UNSWB+ = Unswitch Battery Voltage (7.5V)
SWB+ = Switch Battery Voltage (7.5V)
R5 = Receiver Five Volts
CLK = Clock
Vdda = Regulated 3.3 Volts (for analog)
Vddd = Regulated 3.3 Volts (for digital)
CSX = Chip Select Line (not for LVZIF)
SYN = Synthesizer
DACRX = Digital to Analog Voltage (For Receiver Front End Filter)