Motorola PPCBug User Manual

PPCBug

Firmware Package

User’s Manual

Part 1 and 2

PPCBUGA1/UM5 and PPCBUGA2/UM5

February 2001 Edition

© Copyright 2001 Motorola, Inc.

All rights reserved.

Printed in the United States of America.

®

Motorola

and the Motorola symbol are registered trademarks of Motorola, Inc.

PowerPC™ is a trademark of IBM, and is used by Motorola with permission.

TM

AIX

is a trademark of IBM Corp.

All other products ment io ned i n this document are trademarks or registered trade ma rk s of
their respective holders.

Safety Summary

The following general safety precautions must be observed during all phases of operation, service, and repair of this
equipment. Failure to comply with these precautions or with specific warnings elsewhere in this manual could result
in personal injury or damage to the equipment.

The safety precaut ions listed be low represent warnings of ce rtain danger s of which Mot orola is awar e. You, as the
user of the product, should follow these warnings and all other safety precautions necessary for the safe operation of
the equipment in your operating environment.

Ground the Instrument.

To minimize shock hazard, the equipment chassis and enclosure must be connected to an electrical ground. If the
equipment is su pplied wi th a three-c onductor A C power ca ble, the po wer cable m ust be plug ged into an a pproved
three-contact electrical outlet, with the grounding wire (green/yellow) reliably connected to an electrical ground
(safety ground) at the power outlet. The power jack and mating plug of the power cable meet International
Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) safety standards and local electrical regulatory codes.

Do Not Operate in an Explosive Atmosphere.

Do not operate the equipment in any explosive atmosphere such as in the presence of flammable gases or fumes.
Operation of any electrical equipment in such an environment could result in an explosion and cause injury or damage.

Keep Away From Live Circuits Inside the Equipment.

Operating personnel must not remove equipment covers. Only Factory Authorized Service Personnel or other
qualified service personnel may remove equipment covers for internal subassembly or component replacement or any
internal adjust ment. Service pe rsonnel should n ot replace compon ents with power c able connected. Under certain
conditions, dangerous voltages may exist even with the power cable removed. To avoid injuries, such personnel
should always disconnect power and d is charge circuits before touc hi ng components.

Use Caution When Exposing or Handling a CRT.

Breakage of a Cathode-Ray Tube (CRT) causes a high-velocity scattering of glass fragments (implosion). To prevent
CRT implosion, do not handl e the CRT and avoid rough handling o r jarring of t he equipment . Handling o f a CRT
should be done only by qualified service personnel using approved safety mask and gloves.

Do Not Substitute Parts or Modify Equipment.

Do not install substitute parts or perform any unauthorized modification of the equipment. Contact your local
Motorola representative for service and repair to ensure that all safety features are maintained.

Observe Warnings in Manual.

W arn ings , such as th e exa mple be low, preced e pote ntia lly da nger ous pro cedure s thro ugh out th is manual . In struc tion s
contained in the warnings m ust be follow ed. You should also employ all ot her safety precautions w hich you dee m
necessary for the operation of the equi pm ent in your operating en vi ronment.

To prevent serious injury or death from dangerous voltages, use extreme
caution when handling, testing, and adjusting this equipment and its

Warning

components.

Notice

While reasonable efforts have been made to assure the accuracy of this document,
Motorola, Inc. a ssumes n o lia bility r esulti ng from any omissio ns in this docu ment, or from
the use of the information ob tained therein. Motorola reserv es the right to r evise this
document and to ma ke c hanges from time to time in the content he reof without obligation
of Motorola to notify any person of such revision or changes.

Electronic versions of this material may be read online, downloaded for personal use, or
referenced in another document as a URL to the Motorola Computer Group website. The
text itself may n ot be publishe d commercially in print or ele ctronic form, e dited, transla ted,
or otherwise altered without the permission of Motorola, Inc.

It is possible th at t hi s publication may contain r ef erence to or information about Motorola
products (machines and pr ograms), progra mming, or services that are not av ailable in your
country. Such references or information must not be construed to mean that Motorola
intends to announce such Motorola products, programming, or services in your country.

Limited and Restricted Rights Legend

If the documentation contained herein is supplied, directly or indirectly, to the U.S.
Government, the following notice shall apply unless otherwise agreed to in writing by
Motorola, Inc.

Use, duplication, or disclosure by the Government is subject to restrictions as set forth in
subparagraph (b)(3) of t he Rig hts i n Tech nical Data clause at DFARS 252.227-7013 (Nov.

1995) and of the Rights in Noncommerc ial Computer Software and Docume ntation c lause
at DFARS 252.227-7014 (Jun. 1995).

Motorola, Inc.
Computer Group
2900 South Diablo Way
Tempe, Arizona 85282

Contents

About This Manual

Summary of Changes.................................................................................................xvi

Overview of Contents................................................................................................xvi

Comments and Suggestions.....................................................................................xviii

Conventions Used in This Manual...........................................................................xviii

CHAPTER 1 General Information

PPCBug Overview.....................................................................................................1-1

Comparison with other Motorola Bugs......................................................................1-2

PPCBug Implementation ...........................................................................................1-2

Memory Requirements....................................... ..... ........................................ ...........1-3

Size and Address Requirements for NVRAM....................................................1-3

Set-up.........................................................................................................................1-3

Start-up.......................................................................................................................1-4

MPU, Hardware, and Firmware Initialization....................................................1-5

LED/Serial Startup Diagnostic Codes.........................................................1-7

Running the Diagnostics and Debugger ..................................................................1-12

Auto Boot.................................................................................................................1-13

ROMboot .................................................................................................................1-14

Sample ROMboot Routine............................... ...... ...... .....................................1-16

Network Auto Boot..................................................................................................1-18

Restarting the System ..............................................................................................1-19

Reset..................................................................................................................1-19

Abort.................................................................................................................1-19

Reset/Abort.......................................................................................................1-20

Break.................................................................................................................1-20

Board Failure ....................................................................................................1-21

SYSFAIL* Assertion and Negation (VMEbus Boards)............................1-21

MPU Clock Speed Calculation.........................................................................1-22

Disk I/O Support......................................................................................................1-22

Blocks and Sectors............................................................................................1-23

Device Probe.......................................................... ...... .....................................1-23

Disk I/O via Debugger Commands...................................................................1-24

IOI (Input/Output Inquiry).........................................................................1-24

v

IOP (Physical I/O to Disk)........................................................................1-24

IOT (I/O Configure)............................................................................. .....1-24

IOC (I/O Control)......................................................................................1-24

PBOOT (Bootstrap Operating System).....................................................1-25

Disk I/O via Debugger System Calls ...............................................................1-26

Default PPCBug Controller and Device Parameters........................................1-27

Disk I/O Error Codes........................................................................................1-27

Network I/O Support .............................................................................................1-28

Physical Layer Manager Ethernet Driver .........................................................1-28

UDP and IP Modules........................................................................................1-28

RARP and ARP Modules................................................................................. 1-30

BOOTP Module ...............................................................................................1-30

TFTP Module................................................................... .................................1-30

Network Boot Control Module.........................................................................1-30

Network I/O Error Codes.................................................................................1-31

Multiprocessor Support (Remote Start)................................................................... 1-31

Multiprocessor Control Register (MPCR) Method..........................................1-32

GCSR Method..................................................................................................1-35

Data and Address Sizes ...........................................................................................1-37

Byte Ordering.......................................................................................................... 1-37

CHAPTER 2 Using the Debugger

Entering Commands....................... ...... ....................................... ..............................2-1

Command Syntax...............................................................................................2-1

Command Arguments.........................................................................................2-2

EXP .............................................................................................................2-2

ADDR .........................................................................................................2-4

PORT...........................................................................................................2-6

Command Options..............................................................................................2-6

Control Characters..............................................................................................2-6

Entering and Debugging Programs............................................................................2-7

System Call Routines in User Programs....................................................................2-8

Preserving the Operating Environment ............................................. ...... ..................2-8

Memory Requirements........................................ ........................................ .......2-9

Exception Vectors............................................................................. ..................2-9

MPU Registers .................................................................................................2-10

MPU Register SPR275..............................................................................2-10

MPU Registers SPR272-SPR274..............................................................2-10

Context Switching ................................................. ..... ........................................ .....2-10

Floating Point Support.............................................................................................2-12

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Single Precision Real........................................................................................2-13

Double Precision Real ......................................................................................2-13

Scientific Notation............................................................................................2-14

CHAPTER 3 Debugger Commands

Introduction................................................................................................................3-1

Debugger Commands.................................................................................................3-1

AS - One-Line Assembler...................................................................................3-5

BC - Block of Memory Compare.......................................................................3-6

BF - Block of Memory Fill.................................................................................3-8

BI - Block of Memory Initialize.......................................................................3-11

BM - Block of Memory Move..........................................................................3-13

BR - Breakpoint Insert

NOBR - Breakpoint Delete...............................................................................3-16

BS - Block of Memory Search..........................................................................3-18

BV - Block of Memory Verify..........................................................................3-23

CACHE - Cache Control ............................................. ..... ................................3-26

CM - Concurrent Mode

NOCM - No Concurrent Mode.........................................................................3-27

CNFG - Configure Board Information Block...................................................3-31

CS - Checksum ................................................ ...... ...... .....................................3-35

CSAR - PCI Configuration Space READ Access............................................3-37

CSAW - PCI Configuration Space WRITE Access..........................................3-38

DC - Data Conversion.......................................................................................3-39

DMA - Block of Memory Move.......................................................................3-42

DS - One-Line Disassembler............................................................................3-49

DU - Dump S-Records...................................................... ...... ..........................3-50

ECHO - Echo String.........................................................................................3-52

ENV - Set Environment....................................................................................3-54

FORK - Fork Idle MPU at Address..................................................................3-59

FORKWR - Fork Idle MPU with Registers......................................................3-60

GD - Go Direct (Ignore Breakpoints)...............................................................3-61

GEVBOOT - Global Environment Variable Boot............................................3-63

GEVDEL - Global Environment Variable Delete.............................................3-69

GEVDUMP - Global Environment Variable(s) Dump.....................................3-70

GEVEDIT - Global Environment Variable Edit...............................................3-72

GEVINIT - Global Environment Variable Initialization..................................3-73

GEVSHOW - Global Environment Variable(s) Display ..................................3-74

GN - Go to Next Instruction.............................................................................3-75

G, GO - Go Execute User Program..................................................................3-77

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GT - Go to Temporary Breakpoint...................................................................3-80

HE - Help..........................................................................................................3-83

IBM - Indirect Block Move..............................................................................3-86

IDLE - Idle Master MPU..................................................................................3-88

IOC - I/O Control for Disk...............................................................................3-89

IOI - I/O Inquiry...............................................................................................3-92

IOP - I/O Physical (Direct Disk Access)..........................................................3-95

IOT - I/O Configure Disk Controller .............................................................3-101

IRD, IRM, IRS - Idle MPU Register Display/Modify/Set............................. 3-109

LO - Load S-Records from Host....................................................................3-110

MA - Macro Define/Display

NOMA - Macro Delete...................................................................................3-115

MAE - Macro Edit..........................................................................................3-118

MAL - Enable Macro Listing

NOMAL - Disable Macro Listing..................................................................3-120

MAR - Load Macros ......................................................................................3-121

MAW - Save Macros......................................................................................3-123

MD, MDS - Memory Display ........................................................................3-125

MENU - System Menu............................. ...... ..... ...... ...... ...............................3-129

M, MM - Memory Modify .............................................. ..... ..........................3-130

MMD - Memory Map Diagnostic..................................................................3-134

MMGR - Memory Manager...........................................................................3-136

MS - Memory Set...........................................................................................3-140

MW - Memory Write......................................................................................3-141

NAB - Network Auto Boot ............................................................................3-143

NAP - NAP MPU........................................................................................... 3-144

NBH - Network Boot Operating System, Halt...............................................3-145

NBO - Network Boot Operating System........................................................3-147

NIOC - Network I/O Control.........................................................................3-151

NIOP - Network I/O Physical ........................................................................3-157

NIOT - Network I/O Teach (Configuration) ..................................................3-161

NPING - Network Ping..................................................................................3-168

OF - Offset Registers Display/Modify...........................................................3-170

PA - Printer Attach

NOPA - Printer Detach...................................................................................3-173

PBOOT - Bootstrap Operating System..........................................................3-175

PF - Port Format

NOPF - Port Detach .......................................................................................3-183

PFLASH - Program FLASH Memory............................................................3-188

PS - Put RTC into Power Save Mode.............................................................3-192

RB - ROMboot Enable

NORB - ROMboot Disable............................................................................3-193

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RD - Register Display.....................................................................................3-195

REMOTE - Remote........................................................................................3-201

RESET - Cold/Warm Reset ............................................................................3-202

RL - Read Loop..............................................................................................3-204

RM - Register Modify.....................................................................................3-205

RS - Register Set.......................................................... ..... ...... ........................3-208

RUN - MPU Execution/Status........................................................................3-210

SD - Switch Directories..................................................................................3-212

SET - Set Time and Date ................................................................................3-213

SROM - SROM Examine/Modify..................................................................3-214

SYM - Symbol Tabl e Attach

NOSYM - Symbol Table Detach ....................................................................3-218

SYMS - Symbol Table Display/Search ..........................................................3-221

T - Trace..........................................................................................................3-223

TA - Terminal Attach......................................................................................3-227

TIME - Display Time and Date......................................................................3-228

TM - Transparent Mode..................................................................................3-229

TT - Trace to Temporary Breakpoint..............................................................3-231

VE - Verify S-Records Against Memory........................................................3-234

VER - Revision/Version Display....................................................................3-238

WL - Write Loop ............................................................................................3-242

CHAPTER 4 One-Line Assembler/ Disassembler

Introduction................................................................................................................4-1

PowerPC Assembly Language...................................................................................4-1

Machine-Instruction Operation Codes................................................................4-2

Directives............................................................................................................4-2

Comparison with the Standard Assembler.................................................................4-2

Source Program Coding.............................................................................................4-3

Source Line Format ............................................................................................4-3

Operation Field............................................................................................4-3

Operand Field...................................... ....................................... .................4-4

Disassembled Source Line...........................................................................4-4

Mnemonics and Delimiters..........................................................................4-4

Instructions ..................................................................................................4-6

Character Set........................................ ....................................... .................4-7

Addressing Modes..............................................................................................4-8

WORD Define Constant Directive.....................................................................4-9

SYSCALL System Call Directive ....................................................................4-10

Entering and Modifying Source Programs ..............................................................4-11

ix

Invoking the Assembler/Disassembler.............................................................4-11

Entering a Source Line.................................................... .................................4-12

Entering Branch Operands ........................................ ...... .................................4-13

Assembler Output/Program Listings................................................................4-13

Assembler Error Messages ...............................................................................4-14

CHAPTER 5 System Calls

Introduction ...............................................................................................................5-1

Invoking System Calls.............................. ...... ....................................... .............5-1

String Formats for I/O........................................................................................5-2

System Call Routines.................................................................................................5-2

.INCHR..............................................................................................................5-7

.INSTAT ............................................................................................................5-8

.INLN .................................................................................................................5-9

.READSTR .....................................................................................................5-10

.READLN .......................................................................................................5-12

.CHKBRK ....................................................................................................... 5-13

.DSKRD

.DSKWR ..........................................................................................................5-14

.DSKCFIG ....................................................................................................... 5-17

Configuration Area Block CFGA Fields...................................................5-22

.DSKFMT .......................................................................................................5-27

.DSKCTRL ......................................................................................................5-30

.NETRD

.NETWR .......................................................................................................... 5-32

.NETCFIG ......................................................................................................5-34

.NETFOPN ......................................................................................................5-40

.NETFRD ........................................................................................................ 5-42

.NETCTRL....................................................................................................... 5-44

.OUTCHR ....................................................................................................... 5-47

.OUTSTR

.OUTLN ..........................................................................................................5-48

.WRITE

.WRITELN ...................................................................................................... 5-49

.PCRLF ...........................................................................................................5-50

.ERASLN ........................................................................................................ 5-51

.WRITD

.WRITDLN ......................................................................................................5-52

.SNDBRK .......................................................................................................5-54

.DELAY ..........................................................................................................5-55

.RTC_TM ........................................................................................................ 5-56

x

.RTC_DT .........................................................................................................5-57

.RTC_DSP .......................................................................................................5-58

.RTC_RD .........................................................................................................5-59

.REDIR ............................................................................................................5-60

.REDIR_I

.REDIR_O ........................................................................................................5-61

.RETURN ........................................................................................................5-62

.BINDEC ..........................................................................................................5-63

.CHANGEV .....................................................................................................5-64

.STRCMP ........................................................................................................5-65

.MULU32 ........................................................................................................5-66

.DIVU32 ..........................................................................................................5-67

.CHK_SUM .....................................................................................................5-68

.BRD_ID ..........................................................................................................5-69

.ENVIRON ......................................................................................................5-72

.PFLASH Function ..........................................................................................5-76

.DIAGFCN .......................................................................................................5-79

.SIOPEPS ........................................................................................................5-91

.FORKMPU Function.......................................................................................5-93

.FORKMPUR Function....................................................................................5-94

.IDLEMPU Function ............................................................. ..........................5-99

.IOINQ ...........................................................................................................5-100

.IOINFORM ..................................................................................................5-105

.IOCONFIG ...................................................................................................5-107

.IODELETE ...................................................................................................5-108

.SYMBOLTA .................................................................................................5-110

.SYMBOLTD ................................................................................................5-112

APPENDIX A Related Documentation

Motorola Computer Group Documents....................................................................A-1

Microprocessor and Controller Documents..............................................................A-3

Related Specifications...............................................................................................A-9

APPENDIX B System Menu

Introduction...............................................................................................................B-1

Menu Items ...............................................................................................................B-1

Continue System Start-up..................................................................................B-1

Select Alternate Boot Device.............................................................................B-1

Go to System Diagnostics.................................................................................. B-2

xi

Initiate Service Call........................................................................................... B-2

Display System Test Errors ............................................................................... B-2

Dump Memory to Tape .....................................................................................B-2

Using the Service Call Function............................................................................... B-5

Operation........................................................................................................... B-5

Sending Messages......................................................................................B-7

Concurrent Mode .......................................................................................B-7

Terminating the Conversation and Concurrent Modes.............................. B-8

Manual Connection ........................................................................................... B-9

Terminal Connection.......................................................................................B-10

APPENDIX C PPCBug Messages

Introduction .............................................................................................................. C-1

Error Messages....................................................................... ..................................C-2

Other Messages.........................................................................................................C-3

APPENDIX D S-Record Format

Introduction ..............................................................................................................D-1

S-Record Content .....................................................................................................D-1

S-Record Types.........................................................................................................D-2

Creating S-Records........................................................... ...... ..... .............................D-3

Example................................................ ..... ........................................ .......................D-4

APPENDIX E Disk and Tape Controllers

Disk and Tape Support ..............................................................................................E-1

Floppy Drive Configuration Parameters....................................................................E-2

APPENDIX F Disk Status Codes

Introduction ...............................................................................................................F-1

SCSI....................................................................................................................F-1

ATA (Hard Disks/CD-ROM Drives)..................................................................F-2

ATAPI (CD-ROM Drives)..................................................................................F-2

Controller-Independent Status Codes........................................................................F-3

SCSI Firmware Status Codes ....................................................................................F-3

ATA/ATAPI Firmware Status Codes ......................................................................... F-6

xii

APPENDIX G Establishing Network Connections with PPCBug

APPENDIX H Network Communication Status Codes

xiii

xiv

List of Figures

Figure 1-1. Network Boot Modules.........................................................................1-29

Figure 3-1. Boot Record ........................................................................................3-177

Figure 3-2. PowerPC Reference Platform Partition Table Entry...........................3-178

Figure 3-3. Layout of the $41-Type Partition ........................................................3-179

xv

xvi

List of T ables

Table 1-1. LED/Serial Startup Diagnostic Codes ......................................................1-8

T ab le 1-2. MPCR Method Remote Start Register Model........................................1-33

T ab le 1-3. GCSR Method Remote Start Register Model.........................................1-35

Table 1-4. LM/SIG Register Bit Assignments.........................................................1-36

T ab le 3-1. Debugger Command s........................................ .......................................3-1

Table 5-1. System Call Routines -- Hex Code Order.................................................5-2

Table 5-2. System Call Routines -- Alphabetical Order............................................5-4

Table 5-3. Disk Packet Parameters ..........................................................................5-20

T ab le 5-4. IOSATM Fields (CFGA) ............................................................... .........5-22

T ab le 5-5. IOSPRM Fields (CFGA) .............................................. ...... ..... ...............5-23

T ab le 5-6. IOSEPRM Fields (CFGA)...................................... ...... ..........................5-23

Table 5-7. IOSATW Fields (CFGA) ........................................................................5-24

T ab le 5-8. CFGA Fields..................................... ....................................... ...............5-25

Table A-1. Motorola Computer Group Documents .................................................A-1

Table A-2. Microprocessor and Controller Documents ...........................................A-3

Table A-3. Related Specifications ...........................................................................A-9

Table C-1. Debugger Error Messages ......................................................................C-2

Table C-2. Other Messages ......................................................................................C-3

Table D-1. S-Record Fields .....................................................................................D-1

Table E-1. Disk and Tape Controllers Supported ................................................ ....E-1

Table E-2. Floppy Drive Configuration Parameters ................................................E-2

Table F-1. Controller-Independent Status Codes ..................................................... F-3

Table F-2. SCSI Firmware Status Codes ................................................................. F-4

Table F-3. ATA/ATAPI Controller-Dependent Errors ............................................ F-7

Table H-1. Controller-Independent Status Codes ....................................................H-1

Table H-2. DEC21040/21140/21143 Controller Status Codes ................................H-2

Table H-3. Intel 82559/ER Controller Status Codes................................................H-3

xvii

xviii

About This Manual

The PPCBug Firmware Package User’s Ma nual provides infor mation on
the PPCBug firmware, the start-up and boot routines, the debugger
commands, the one-li ne assembler/disas sembler, and the debugger system
calls.

Information in thi s manua l ap plies to Motorola PowerPC™-based boards
that use PPCBug as its resident debugger program. The majority of
Motorola’s PowerPC™-based boards including most VME, CompactPCI
and ATX form factors are equipped with PPCBug.

This document is bound in two parts:
Part 1 (PPCBUGA1/UM5) contains the Tabl e of Contents, List of Figures,

and List of Tables fo r Cha pte rs 1 t hr ough 3, Chapters 1 through 3 and th e
Index.

Part 2 (PPCBUGA2/UM5) contains the Table of Contents and List of
Tables for Chapters 4 and 5 and Appendi ces A th rough H, a nd Chapte rs 4
and 5, Appendixes A through H, and the Index.

The diagnostics are covered in the PPCBug Diagnostics Manual
(PPCDIAA/UM).

xix

Summary of Changes

This is the fifth edition of the PPCbug Firmware Package User’s Manual.
It supersedes the fourth edition (UM4) and in corporates the following
updates.

Where Updated Description of Change

Overall Change Most instances of PPC1Bug or PPC1 were changed to

PPCxBug or PPCx to accommodate multiple versions of
Bug, which have been released.

Chapter 1 Since PPCBug resides on most PowerPC boards, specific

boards are no longer listed at the beginning of this chapter.
A correction was made to the starting address (from

$03F80000 to $03F40000) of the example described in the
section titled Memory Requirements on page 1-3.

A second example for the size and address requirements of
NVRAM was added in the sections titled Size and Address

Requirements for NVRAM on page 1-3.

New LED/Serial Startup Diagnostic codes were added to

Table 1-1 on page 1-8.

The section titled Multiprocessor Su pport (Remote Start) on

page 1-31 was completely revised.

Chapter 3 Several new commands were added (e.g., CACHE, IBM and

MMGR), and several existing command descriptions were
updated (e.g., ENV, NIOT, SROM, and TA).

Appendix G The content was completely revised from the previous

version of this manual.

Appendix H Status codes were added for the 21143 and 82559ER

controllers.

Overview of Contents

Chapter 1, General Information, provides an overview of PPCBug,

memory requirements, an explanation of the start-up process, a "high­level" list of what PPCBug checks, a list of the LED/Serial startup
diagnostic codes, a brief explanation on how to run the Debugger and
Diagnostics firmware interactively, an explanation of the auto boot

xx

process, an explanation of the ROMboot process, an explanation of the
network auto boot process, an explanation on restarting the system, a
description of the types of board failures, an ex planation of the MPU c lock
speed calculation, a des cription of the disk I/O s upport, a description of t he
network I/O support, and an explanation of the multiprocessor support
(remote start).

Chapter 2, Using the Debugger, contains a series of explanations on the

various aspects of Debugger use including such subjects as command
syntax, command arguments, command options, control characters,
entering and debugging programs, system call routines in user programs,
preserving the operating environment, context switching, and floating
point support.

Chapter 3, Debugger Commands, a list of all current commands, and a

detailed explanation of each command including command input and
description.

Chapter 4, One-Line Assembler/ Disassembler, describes a PPCBug tool

that allows you to create, modify and debug code written in PowerPC
assembly languag e.

Chapter 5, System Calls, describes the PPCBug System Call handler,
which allows system call s from user programs.

Appendix A, Related Documentation, lists related Motorola
documentation, as well as other vendor documents and specifications.

Appendix B, System Menu, describes each menu item within the PPCx­Bug> or PPCx-Diag> environment.

Appendix C, PPCBug Messages, contains a series of tables listing all
PPCBug messages and their meaning.

Appendix D, S-Record Format, describes the purpose and use of the S-
Record format.

Appendix E, Disk and Tape Controllers, lists and describes the types of
disk and tape controllers supported by PPCBug.

Appendix F, Disk Status Codes, lists and descr ibes the various disk status
codes supported by PPCBug.

xxi

Appendix G, Establishing Network Connections with PPCBug, describes
a procedure that can be used to establis h a netw ork conn ect ion using
standard PPCBug commands from a PowerPC board with a compatible
network connectivity device.

Appendix H, Network Communication Status Codes, lists and describes
two main types of network communication status codes: controller
independent and controller dependent.

Comments and Suggestions

Motorola welcomes and appreciates your comments on its doc umentation.
We want to know what y ou think about our manuals and how we can make
them better. Mail comments to:

Motorola Computer Group
Reader Comments DW164
2900 S. Diablo Way
Tempe, Arizona 85282

You can also submit comments to the following e-mail address:

[e-mail]

In all your corres pondence , plea se li st your name, po si tion, a nd compan y.
Be sure to include the title and par t number of the manual and tell how you
used it. Then tell us your feelings about its strengths and weaknesses and
any recommendations for improvements.

Conventions Used in This Manual

The following typographical conventions are used in this document:

bold

is used for user input that you type j ust as it appe ars. Bold is al so used
for commands, options and arguments to commands, and names of
programs, directories and files.

italic

xxii

is used for names of variables to which you assign values. Italic is also
used for comments in screen dis plays and examples, and to intr odu ce
new terms.

courier

is used for system output (for example, screen displays, reports),
examples, and system prompts.

<Enter>, <Return> or <CR>

<CR> represents the carriage return or Enter key.

CTRL

represents the Control key. Execute control characters by pr essing the
Ctrl key and the letter simultaneously, for example, Ctrl-d.

|

separates two or more items from which to choose (one only)

[ ]

encloses an optiona l item th at may not occ ur at all , or may occur once.

{ }

encloses an optional item that may not occur at all, or may occur one
or more times.

A character precedes a data or address parameter to specify the numberic
format, as follows (if not specified, the format is hexadecimal):

$dollar

a hexadecimal character.

0x Zero-x
% percent a binary number.
& ampersand a decimal number.

Data and address sizes are defined as follows:
A byte is eight bits, numbered 0 through 7, with bit 0 being the least

significant.

xxiii

A half-word is 16 bits, numbered 0 through 15, with bit 0 being the least
significant.

A word is 32 bits, numbered 0 through 31, with bit 0 being the least
significant.

The MPU on the PowerPC board is programmed to big-endian byte
ordering. Any attempt to use little-endian byte ordering will immediately
render the debugger unusable

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1General Information

PPCBug Overview

PPCBug is a powerful evaluation and debugging tool for systems built
around the Motorola PowerPC microprocessors. PPCBug firmware
consists of three parts:

❏ Command-driven user-interactive software debugger. It is hereafter

referred to as the debugger, which is described in this manual.
Debugging commands are ava ilabl e for lo adi ng and exec uting us er
programs under complete operator control for system evaluation.

❏ Command-driven diagnostic package for testing and

troubleshooting the PowerPC board, which is hereafter called the
diagnostics. Refer to the PPCBug Diagnostics Manual for
information on th e diag nost ics and the diagn ost ics ut ili ties and se lf­tests.

❏ MPU, firmware, and hardware initialization routines, which are

described in this manual.

1

The PPCBug firmware is implemented on most Motorola PowerPC-based
products:

A PMCspan board ad ded to an y mai n boar d als o in terf ac es wi th PP CBug.
They are collectively referred to in this manual as the PowerPC board or

board.
The debugger includes:

❏ Commands for display and modification of memory
❏ Breakpoint and tracing capabilities
❏ Assembler and disassembler useful for patching programs

Various PPCBug routines that handle I/O, data conversion, and string
functions are available to user programs through the System Call handler.

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1

General Information

Because PPCBug is command-driv en, it performs it s various operatio ns in
response to user commands entered at the keyboard.

Comparison with other Motorola Bugs

The PPCBug is similar to previous Motorola firmware packages (e.g.,
MVME147Bug, MVME167Bug, MVME187Bug), with dif ferences due to
microprocessor archi te ct ures. These differences ar e pr i ma rily r ef le ct ed i n
the instruction mnemonics, register displays, addressing modes of the
assembler/disassembler, and argument passing to the system calls.

PPCBug Implementation

PPCBug is written largely in the C programming language, providing
benefits of porta bility and maintainabili ty. Where nece ssary, the a ssembly
language has been used in sep arately compiled program module s that deal
with processor-specific issues. No mixed-language modules are used.

Physically, PPCBug is contained in two socketed 32-pin PLCC Flash
devices that together provide 1MB (256KB words) of storage. PPCBug
uses the entire memory contained in the two devices.

The executable code is checksummed at every power-on or reset firmwa re
entry. The result is checked with a pre-calculated checksum contained in
the last 16-bit word of the Flash image.

Although a command to allow the erasing and repr ogramming

!

Caution

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of this Flash memory is available to you, keep in mind that
reprogramming any portion of Flash memory will erase
everything currently contained in Flash, including PPCBug.

Memory Requirements

The debugger requires approximately 768KB of read/write memory (i.e.,
DRAM). The debugger allocates this memory from the top, down. For
example, on a system which contains 64MB ($04000000) of read/write
memory, the debugger’s memory page will be located at $03F40000 to
$03FFFFFF.

Size and Address Requirements for NVRAM

Currently, Motorola uses the SGS-Thompson Timekeeper SRAM device
(48T559, or M48T35), or equivalent. This is used on the PowerPlus boards
and is structured by the Debugger as follows:

Example 1: NVRAM = 8192 bytes total size (with rtc):

Size/Area Offset

5880 bytes user area 0000 - 16f7
2048 bytes debugger area 16f8 - 1ef7
256 bytes configuration area 1ef8 - 1ff7
8 bytes real time clock registers 1ff8 - 1fff

Memory Requirements

1

Example 2: NVRAM = 32768 bytes total size

Size/Area Offset

30456 bytes user area 0000 - 76f7
2048 bytes debugger area 76f8 - 7ef7
256 bytes configuration area 7ef8 - 7ff7
8 bytes real time clock registers 7ff8 - 7fff

Set-up

Refer to the board installation and use manual for information on installing
the hardware, configuring jumpers, and assigning the console monitor.

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1

General Information

Start-up

At either power-up or system reset, PPCBug perfo rms the MPU, hardware,
and firmware initialization process (refer to MPU, Hardware, and

Firmware Initializat ion on page 1-5). This process inc ludes a check sum of

the FLASH memory contents.
The following types of messages are displayed on the firmware console

during the in itialization pr ocess:

Copyright Motorola Inc. 1988 - 1997, All Rights Reserved
PPCx Debugger/Diagnostics Release Version 4.x - xx/xx/xx/RMxx

COLDStart
Local Memory Found =04000000 (&67108864)
MPU Clock Speed =167Mhz
BUS Clock Speed =67Mhz
Reset Vector Location : ROM Bank B

Mezzanine Configuration: Single-MPU
Current 60X-Bus Master : MPU0
Idle MPU(s) : NONE

System Memory: 64MB, ECC Enabled (ECC-Memory Detected)
L2 Cache: NONE
PPCx-Bug>

At this point, PPCBug is waiting for you to enter one of the commands
described in Chapter 3, of this manual.

PPCBug may alternatively be configured via the ENV command to run
selftest and/or autoboot automatically during startup. If so, then PPCBug
will instead behave as follows:

The system pauses five se conds, during which y ou may terminate st art-up,
and exit to the diagnostics prompt, by pressing ESC or the Break key.

The system performs the self test diagnostics if you do not terminate
system start-up. Upon successful completion of these tests, the system
pauses another five seconds. You may terminate start-up, and exit to the
diagnostics prompt, by pressing ESC or the Break key.

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If you do not terminate system start-up , the s ystem begi ns the boot ro utine
that has been set up in the ENV command, ei ther NVRAM Boot List Boot,
Auto Boot, ROMboot, or Network Auto Boot.

If the self-tests fail, various error messages appear, and the diagnostics
prompt appears.

Refer to Chapter 3, for information on setting the ENV command
parameters.

MPU, Hardware, and Firmware Initialization

The MPU, hardware, and firmware initialization process is performed by
the PPCBug power-up or system reset. The steps below are a high-level
outline; not all of the detailed steps are listed.

1. Set MPU.MSR to known value.

2. Invalidate the MPU’s data/instruction caches.

3. Clear all segment registers of the MPU.

Start-up

1

4. Clear all block address translation registers of the MPU.

5. For “du al CPU only” boards (MVME460x or MTX), catch one CPU

of a dual CPU and place it in a waiting loop.

6. Initialize the MPU bus to PCI bus bridge device.

7. Initialize the PCI bus to ISA bus bridge device.

8. Calculate the external bus clock speed of the MPU.

9. Delay for 750 milliseconds.

10. Determine the CPU board type.

11. Size the local read/write memory (i.e., DRAM).

12. Initialize the read/write memory controller.

13. Set base address of memory to $00000000.

14. Retrieve the speed of read/write memory.

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1

General Information

15. Initialize read/write memory controller with the speed of read/write
memory.

16. Retrieve the speed of read only memory (Flash).

17. Initialize read only memory controller with the speed of read only
memory.

18. Enable the MPU’s instruction cache.

19. Copy the MPU’s exception vector table from $FFF00000 to
$00000000.

20. Initialize the SIO (PC87303/PC87307/PC87308) resources’ base
addresses for boards that have the SIO device.

21. Initialize the Z8536 device if the board has the device.

22. Verify MPU type.

23. Enable the super-scalar feature of the MPU (boards with MPC604­type chips only).

24. Initialize the Keyboard Controller (PC87303/PC87307/PC87308)
for boards that have the device.

25. Determine the debugger’s Console/Host ports, and initialize the
appropriate UART or Graphic devices.

26. Display the debugger’s copyright message.

27. Display any hardware initialization errors that may have occurred.

28. Checksum the debugger object, and display a warning message if
the checksum failed to verif y.

29. Display the amount of local read/write memory found.

30. Verify the configuration data that is resident in NVRAM, and
display a war ning message if the verificatio n failed.

31. Calculate and display the MPU clock speed. Verify that the MPU
clock speed matches the configuration data, and display a warning
message if the verification fails.

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