Motorola MC44603ADW, MC44603AP Datasheet

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Fixed Frequency, Variable Frequency,
Standby Mode

The MC44603A is an enhanced high performance controller that is
specifically designed for off–line and dc–to–dc converter applications. This
device has the unique ability of automatically changing operating modes if
the converter output is overloaded, unloaded, or shorted, offering the
designer additional protection for increased system reliability. The
MC44603A has several distinguishing features when compared to
conventional SMPS controllers. These features consist of a foldback facility
for overload protection, a standby mode when the converter output is slightly
loaded, a demagnetization detection for reduced switching stresses on
transistor and diodes, and a high current totem pole output ideally suited for
driving a power MOSFET. It can also be used for driving a bipolar transistor
in low power converters (< 150 W). It is optimized to operate in
discontinuous mode but can also operate in continuous mode. Its advanced
design allows use in current mode or voltage mode control applications.

Current or Voltage Mode Controller

• Operation up to 250 kHz Output Switching Frequency

• Inherent Feed Forward Compensation

• Latching PWM for Cycle–by–Cycle Current Limiting

• Oscillator with Precise Frequency Control

High Flexibility

• Externally Programmable Reference Current

• Secondary or Primary Sensing

• Synchronization Facility

• High Current Totem Pole Output

• Undervoltage Lockout with Hysteresis

Safety/Protection Features

• Overvoltage Protection Against Open Current and Open Voltage Loop

• Protection Against Short Circuit on Oscillator Pin

• Fully Programmable Foldback

• Soft–Start Feature

• Accurate Maximum Duty Cycle Setting

• Demagnetization (Zero Current Detection) Protection

• Internally Trimmed Reference

• Enhanced Output Drive

GreenLine Controller: Low Power Consumption in Standby Mode

• Low Startup and Operating Current

• Fully Programmable Standby Mode

• Controlled Frequency Reduction in Standby Mode

• Low dV/dT for Low EMI Radiations

GreenLine is a trademark of Motorola, Inc.

This document contains information on a new product. Specifications and information herein
are subject to change without notice.

MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA

Order this document by MC44603A/D



MIXED FREQUENCY MODE

GREENLINE PWM*

CONTROLLER:

V ARIABLE FREQUENCY,

FIXED FREQUENCY,

ST ANDBY MODE

* PWM = Pulse Width Modulation

16

1

P SUFFIX

PLASTIC PACKAGE

CASE 648

16

1

DW SUFFIX

PLASTIC PACKAGE

CASE 751G

(SOP–16L)

PIN CONNECTIONS

1

V

CC
V

2

C

Output

3

Gnd

4

Foldback Input

Overvoltage

Protection (OVP)

Current Sense Input

Demag Detection

Device

MC44603AP
MC44603ADW SOP–16L

 Motorola, Inc. 1997 Rev 0

5
6

7
8

(Top View)

ORDERING INFORMATION

Operating

Temperature Range

TA = –25° to +85°C

16

R

ref

R

Frequency

15

Standby
Voltage Feedback

14

Input
Error Amp Output

13

R

12

Power Standby

Soft–Start/D

11

Voltage Mode
C

10

T

Sync Input

9

Package

Plastic DIP–16

max

/

1

MC44603A

pgg

OL

V

I

mA

0.1

1.0

MAXIMUM RATINGS

Rating Symbol Value Unit

Total Power Supply and Zener Current (ICC + IZ) 30 mA
Supply Voltage with Respect to Ground (Pin 4) V

Output Current (Note 1) mA

Source I

Sink I
Output Energy (Capacitive Load per Cycle) W 5.0 µJ
RF

, CT, Soft–Start, R

Stby

Foldback Input, Current Sense Input,
E/A Output, Voltage Feedback Input,
Overvoltage Protection, Synchronization Input

Synchronization Input

High State Voltage V

Low State Reverse Current V
Demagnetization Detection Input Current mA

Source I

Sink I
Error Amplifier Output Sink Current I
Power Dissipation and Thermal Characteristics

P Suffix, Dual–In–Line, Case 648

Maximum Power Dissipation at TA = 85°C P
Thermal Resistance, Junction–to–Air R

DW Suffix, Surface Mount, Case 751G

Maximum Power Dissipation at TA = 85°C P

Thermal Resistance, Junction–to–Air R
Operating Junction Temperature T
Operating Ambient Temperature T

NOTES: 1. Maximum package power dissipation limits must be observed.

2. ESD data available upon request.

ref

, RP

Inputs V

Stby

demag–ib (Source)

C

V

CC

O(Source)

O(Sink)

in

V

in

IH
IL

demag–ib (Sink)

E/A (Sink)

D

θJA

D

θJA

J
A

18 V

–750

750

–0.3 to 5.5 V

–0.3 to

VCC + 0.3

VCC + 0.3 V

–20 mA

–4.0

10
20 mA

0.6 W

100 °C/W

0.45 W
145 °C/W

150 °C

–25 to +85 °C

V

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (V

for min/max values TA = –25° to +85°C [Note 4], unless otherwise noted.)

Characteristic

OUTPUT SECTION

Output Voltage (Note 5) V

Low State (I

Low State (I

High State (I

High State (I

Output Voltage During Initialization Phase V

VCC = 0 to 1.0 V, I
VCC = 1.0 to 5.0 V, I

= 5.0 to 13 V,

CC
Output Voltage Rising Edge Slew–Rate (CL = 1.0 nF, TJ = 25°C) dVo/dT – 300 – V/µs
Output Voltage Falling Edge Slew–Rate (CL = 1.0 nF, TJ = 25°C) dVo/dT – –300 – V/µs

ERROR AMPLIFIER SECTION

Voltage Feedback Input (V
Input Bias Current (VFB = 2.5 V) I
Open Loop Voltage Gain (V

NOTES: 3. Adjust VCC above the startup threshold before setting to 12 V.

4.Low duty cycle pulse techniques are used during test to maintain junction temperature as close to ambient as possible.

5.VC must be greater than 5.0 V.

= 100 mA)

Sink

= 500 mA)

Sink

Source
Source

= 200 mA)
= 500 mA)

= 10 µA

Sink

= 100 µA

Sink

= 1.0

Sink

E/A out

E/A out

= 2.5 V) V

= 2.0 to 4.0 V) A

and VC = 12 V, [Note 3], R

CC

= 10 kΩ, CT = 820 pF, for typical values TA = 25°C,

ref

Symbol Min Typ Max Unit

V

OL

V

OH

OL

FB

FB–ib

VOL

–
–

–
–

– –
–
–

–

2.42 2.5 2.58 V
–2.0 –0.6 – µA

65 70 – dB

1.0

1.4

1.5

2.0

0.1

1.2

2.0

2.0

2.7

1.0

1.0

V

2

MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA

MC44603A

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) (V

and VC = 12 V , [Note 3], R

CC

= 10 kΩ, CT = 820 pF , for typical values TA = 25°C,

ref

for min/max values TA = –25° to +85°C [Note 4], unless otherwise noted.)

Characteristic

Symbol Min Typ Max Unit

ERROR AMPLIFIER SECTION (continued)

Unity Gain Bandwidth BW MHz

TJ = 25°C – 4.0 –
TJ = –25° to +85°C – – 5.5

Voltage Feedback Input Line Regulation (VCC = 10 to 15 V) V

FBline–reg

–10 – 10 mV

Output Current mA

Sink (V

TA = –25° to +85°C

Source (V

TA = –25° to +85°C

= 1.5 V, VFB = 2.7 V)

E/A out

= 5.0 V, VFB = 2.3 V)

E/A out

I

Sink

I

Source

2.0 12 –

–2.0 – –0.2

Output Voltage Swing V

High State (I
Low State (I

E/A out (source)

E/A out (sink)

= 0.5 mA, VFB = 2.3 V) V

= 0.33 mA, VFB = 2.7 V) V

OH

OL

5.5 6.5 7.5
– 1.0 1.1

REFERENCE SECTION

Reference Output Voltage (VCC = 10 to 15 V) V
Reference Current Range (I
Reference Voltage Over I

= V

ref
Range ∆V

ref

, R = 5.0 k to 25 kΩ) I

ref/Rref

ref

ref

ref

2.4 2.5 2.6 V

–500 – –100 µA

–40 – 40 mV

OSCILLATOR AND SYNCHRONIZATION SECTION

Frequency f

OSC
TA = 0° to +70°C 44.5 48 51.5
TA = –25° to +85°C 44 – 52

Frequency Change with Voltage (VCC = 10 to 15 V) ∆f
Frequency Change with Temperature (TA = –25° to +85°C) ∆f
Oscillator Voltage Swing (Peak–to–Peak) V
Ratio Charge Current/Reference Current I

/∆V – 0.05 – %/V

OSC

/∆T – 0.05 – %/°C

OSC

OSC(pp)

1.65 1.8 1.95 V

charge/Iref

TA = 0° to +70°C (VCT = 2.0 V) 0.375 0.4 0.425
TA = –25° to +85°C 0.37 – 0.43

Fixed Maximum Duty Cycle = I

discharge

Ratio Standby Discharge Current versus IR F

TA = 0° to +70°C IR F

/(I

discharge

+ I

(Note 6) I

Stby

) D 78 80 82 %

charge

disch–Stby

Stby

/ –

0.46 0.53 0.6

TA = –25° to +85°C (Note 8) 0.43 – 0.63

VR F
Frequency in Standby Mode (RF
Current Range IR F
Synchronization Input Threshold Voltage (Note 7) V

Synchronization Input Current I
Minimum Synchronization Pulse Width (Note 8) t

Stby

(IR F

= 100 µA) VR F

Stby

(Pin 15) = 25 kΩ) F

Stby

Stby

Stby

Stby

inthH

V

inthL

Sync–in

Sync

2.4 2.5 2.6 V
18 21 24 kHz

–200 – –50 µA

3.2

0.45

3.7

0.7

4.3

0.9

–5.0 – 0 µA

– – 0.5 µs

UNDERVOLTAGE LOCKOUT SECTION

Startup Threshold V
Output Disable Voltage After Threshold T urn–On (UVLO 1) V

stup–th

disable1

13.6 14.5 15.4 V

TA = 0° to +70°C 8.6 9.0 9.4
TA = –25° to +85°C 8.3 – 9.6

Reference Disable Voltage After Threshold T urn–On (UVLO 2) V

NOTES: 13. Adjust VCC above the startup threshold before setting to 12 V.

14. Low duty cycle pulse techniques are used during test to maintain junction temperature as close to ambient as possible.

16. Standby is disabled for VR P

17. If not used, Synchronization input must be connected to Ground.

18. Synchronization Pulse Width must be shorter than t

< 25 mV typical.

Stby

OSC

= 1/f

OSC

.

disable2

7.0 7.5 8.0 V

kHz

–

V

V

MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA

3

MC44603A

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) (V

for min/max values TA = –25° to +85°C [Note 4], unless otherwise noted.)

Characteristic

DEMAGNETIZATION DETECTION SECTION (Note 9)

Demagnetization Detect Input

Demagnetization Comparator Threshold (V
Propagation Delay (Input to Output, Low to High) – – 0.25 – µs

Input Bias Current (V
Negative Clamp Level (I
Positive Clamp Level (I

SOFT–START SECTION (Note 11)

Ratio Charge Current/I

TA = 0° to +70°C 0.37 0.4 0.43

TA = –25° to +85°C 0.36 – 0.44
Discharge Current (V
Clamp Level V
Duty Cycle (R

Duty Cycle (V

OVERVOLTAGE SECTION

Protection Threshold Level on V
Propagation Delay (V
Protection Level on V

TA = 0° to +70°C 16.1 17 17.9

TA = –25° to +85°C 15.9 – 18.1
Input Resistance – kΩ

TA = 0° to +70°C 1.5 2.0 3.0

TA = –25° to +85°C 1.4 – 3.4

FOLDBACK SECTION (Note 10)

Current Sense Voltage Threshold (V
Foldback Input Bias Current (V

STANDBY SECTION

Ratio IR P

TA = 0° to +70°C 0.37 0.4 0.43

TA = –25° to +85°C 0.36 – 0.44
Ratio Hysteresis (Vh Required to Return to Normal Operation from Standby

Operation)

TA = 0° to +70°C 1.42 1.5 1.58

TA = –25° to +85°C 1.4 – 1.6
Current Sense Voltage Threshold (VR P

CURRENT SENSE SECTION

Maximum Current Sense Input Threshold

(V
Input Bias Current I
Propagation Delay (Current Sense Input to Output at VTH of

MOS transistor = 3.0 V)

TOTAL DEVICE

Power Supply Current I

Startup (VCC = 13 V with VCC Increasing) – 0.3 0.45

Operating TA = –25° to +85°C (Note 3) 13 17 20
Power Supply Zener Voltage (ICC = 25 mA) V
Thermal Shutdown – – 155 – °C

NOTES: 13. Adjust VCC above the startup threshold before setting to 12 V.

Stby/Iref

feedback (Pin 14)

14. Low duty cycle pulse techniques are used during test to maintain junction temperature as close to ambient as possible.

19. This function can be inhibited by connecting Pin 8 to Gnd. This allows a continuous current mode operation.

10. This function can be inhibited by connecting Pin 5 to VCC.

11. The MC44603A can be shut down by connecting the Soft–Start pin (Pin 11) to Ground.

soft–start

soft–start
soft–start (Pin 11)

OVP
CC

= 65 mV) I

demag

= –2.0 mA) C

demag

= 2.0 mA) C

demag

ref

= 1.0 V) I

= 12 kΩ)

= 0.1 V)

OVP

> 2.58 V to V

foldback (Pin 5)

= 2.3 V and V

out

foldback (Pin 5)

Stby (Pin 12)

foldback (Pin 6)

Decreasing) V

Pin 9

Low) 1.0 – 3.0 µs

= 0 V) I

and VC = 12 V , [Note 3], R

CC

I

D

soft–start 12k

D

= 0.9 V) V

foldback–lb

IR P

Vh/VR P

= 1.0 V) V

= 1.2 V)

= 10 kΩ, CT = 820 pF , for typical values TA = 25°C,

ref

Symbol Min Typ Max Unit

demag–th

demag–lb

L(neg)
L(pos)

ss(ch)/Iref

discharge

ss(CL)

soft–start

V

OVP–th

VCC

prot

CS–th

Stby/Iref

Stby

CS–Stby

V

CS–th

CS–ib

– – 120 200 ns

CC

Z

50 65 80 mV

–0.5 – – µA

– –0.38 – V
– 0.72 – V

1.5 5.0 – mA

2.2 2.4 2.6 V
36

–

2.42 2.5 2.58 V

0.86 0.89 0.9 V
–6.0 –2.0 – µA

0.28 0.31 0.34 V

0.96 1.0 1.04 V

–10 –2.0 – µA

18.5 – – V

42

–

49

0

–

%

V

–

–

mA

4

MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA

MC44603A

Representative Block Diagram

Demag

Detect

Sync
Input

C

10

C

R

Pwr Stby

12

Feed–

back

14

Compen–

sation

13

Foldback

Input

8

9

T

T

5

Negative

Active

Clamp

0.4 I

ref

1.0 V

1.6 V

0.4 I

+

+

V

ref

ref

2.5 V

65 mV

3.7 V

+

3.6 V

0.4 I

ref

V

refVref

V

CC

1.0 mA

0.7 V

R

Q

S

+

+

R

Q

S

ref

0.8 I

2R

0.6 I

Error Amplifier

V

Demag Out

R

Q

S

V

refVref

ref

I

Discharge/2

R

Synchro

V

OSC prot

I

Discharge

0.25
IF

Stby

Current Mirror X2

1.0 V

RF

Stby

RF

V

OSC

V

ref

0.2 I

ref

Stby

2.4 V

15 16

V

refIref

0.4 I

ref

1.6 V

Reference

Block

Thermal

Shutdown

V

ref

+

5.0 mA

R

ref

V

ref

UVLO2

V

CC

1

OVP

ref

11.6 k

2.0 k

V

CC

+

9.0 V

18.0 V

V

CC

V

C

2

Output

3

4

Gnd

OVP

6

R

OVP

Current
Sense Input

7

+

V

CC

14.5 V/7.5 V

IF

Stby

S

Q

R

2.0
Delay

V

ref

µ

5.0
Delay

+

2.5 V

µ

s

s

UVLO1

V
Out

V

V

aux

To Power

Transformer

= Sink only

= Positive True Logic

MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA

SS/D

11

R

SS

This device contains 243 active transistors.

/VM

max

C

SS

5

MC44603A

100

Ω

, TIMING RESISTANCE (k )

ref

R

CT = 2200 pF

10 k

52
51
50
49
48

Figure 1. Timing Resistor versus

Oscillator Frequency

CT = 100 pF

CT = 500 pF

f

, Oscillator Frequency (Hz)

OSC

VCC = 16 V

TA = 25

CT = 1000 pF

Figure 3. Oscillator Frequency

versus T emperature

Figure 2. Standby Mode Timing Capacitor

versus Oscillator Frequency

10000

VCC = 16 V

°

°

C

RF

= 2.0 k

Stby

RF

= 5.0 k

100010

, TIMING CAPACIT OR (pF)

T

C

3003.0
10 k

Stby

RF

= 27 k

Stby

RF

Stby

100 k100 k 1.0 M1.0 M

f

, Oscillator Frequency (Hz)

OSC

= 100 k

TA = 25

R

= 10 k

ref

C

Figure 4. Ratio Charge Current/Reference

Current versus Temperature

0.43

0.42

0.41

0.40
47
46

, OSCILLAT OR FREQUENCY (kHz)

45

OSC

f

44

–50 –25 0 25 50 75 100

TA, AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (°C)

VCC = 12 V

R

= 10 k

ref

CT = 820 pF

Figure 5. Output Waveform Figure 6. Output Cross Conduction

600
400
200

–200
–400

, OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)

–600

O

I

–800

–1000

Current

0

Voltage

VCC = 12 V

CL = 2200 pF

°

C

TA = 25

70
60
50
40
30

20
10
0

–10

0.39

= RATIO CHARGE CURRENT/I

REFERENCE CURRENT

ref

/I

0.38

charge

0.37

–50 –25 0 25 50 75 100

70

VCC = 12 V

60

CL = 2200 pF

TA = 25

50
40
30
20

V

10

, OUTPUT DRIVE VOL TAGE (V)

, OUTPUT DRIVE VOL TAGE (V)

O

O

V

V

–10

O

0

I

CC

TA, AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (°C)

°

C

Current

Voltage

1.0

µ

s/Div1.0 µs/Div

VCC = 12 V

R

= 10 k

ref

CT = 820 pF

300
200
100
0
–100

–200
–300
–400
–500

6

MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA

MC44603A

Figure 7. Oscillator Discharge Current

versus T emperature

500

A)

475

µ

450
425
400
375
350

, DISCHARGE CURRENT (

325

disch

I

300

–50 –25 0 25 50 75 100

VCC = 12 V

R

= 10 k

ref

CT = 820 pF

°

C)

Figure 9. Sink Output Saturation Voltage

versus Sink Current

Sink Saturation

(Load to VCC)

1.6

1.2

Figure 8. Source Output Saturation Voltage

versus Load Current

2.5

2.0

1.5

1.0

, SOURCE OUTPUT SATURATION VOLT AGE (V)

OH

0 100 200 300 400 500

V

I

, OUTPUT SOURCE CURRENT (mA)TA, AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (

source

Figure 10. Error Amplifier Gain and Phase

versus Frequency

802.0

60

40

VCC = 12 V
G = 10
Vin = 30 mV

VO = 2.0 to 4.0 V

RL = 100 k
TA = 25

VCC = 12 V

R

= 10 k

ref

CT = 820 pF

°

C

TA = 25

°

C

140

0.8
TA = 25°C

0.4

, SINK OUTPUT SA TURATION VOLT AGE (V)

0

OL

V

0 100

200 300 400 500

I

, SINK OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)

sink

VCC = 12 V

µ

s Pulsed Load

80

120 Hz Rate

Figure 11. Voltage Feedback Input

versus T emperature

2.60
VCC = 12 V

2.55

2.50

2.45

, VOLTAGE FEEDBACK INPUT (V)

FB

V

2.40

–50 –25 0 25 50 75 100

TA, AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (

G = 10

VO = 2.0 to 4.0 V

RL = 100 k

°

C)

GAIN (dB)

20

0

–20

01234

1010 10 10

f, FREQUENCY (kHz)

50

PHASE (DEGREES)

–40

10

Figure 12. Demag Comparator Threshold

versus T emperature

80

75

70

65

60

55

, DEMAG COMPARATOR THRESHOLD (mV)

50

–50 –25 0 25 50 75 100

demag–th

V

TA, AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (

VCC = 12 V

°

C)

MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA

7

MC44603A

Figure 13. Current Sense Gain

versus T emperature

3.2

3.1

3.0

, CURRENT SENSE GAIN

2.9

VCS

A

2.8
–50 –25 0 25 50 75 100

TA, AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (

VCC = 12 V

R

= 10 k

ref

CT = 820 pF

°

C)

Figure 15. Propagation Delay Current Sense

Input to Output versus Temperature

140

Figure 14. Thermal Resistance and Maximum

°

Power Dissipation versus P.C.B. Copper Length

100

80

60

40

20

0

, THERMAL RESISTANCE JUNCTION–TO–AIR ( C/W)

0

JA

θ

R

R

θ

JA

P

for TA = 70°C

D(max)

10 20 30 40 50

L, LENGTH OF COPPER (mm)

Printed circuit board heatsink example

2.0 oz

L

Copper

L

Graphs represent symmetrical layout

Figure 16. Startup Current versus V

0.35

0.30

3.0 mm

CC

5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

0

, MAXIMUM POWER DISSIPATION (W)

D

P

120

100

PROPAGATION DELAY (ns)

80

–50 –25 0 25 50 75 100

TA, AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (°C)

VCC = 12 V

R

= 10 k

ref

CT = 820 pF

Figure 17. Supply Current versus

Supply V oltage

16
14
12
10

8.0
TA = 25°C

6.0

R

= 10 k

, SUPPLY CURRENT (mA)

CC

I

ref

CT = 820 pF

4.0

VFB = 0 V

2.0

VCS = 0 V

0

2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10 12 14 16
VCC, SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)

0.25

0.20

0.15

0.10

STAR TUP CURRENT (mA)

0.05
0

4.00 2.0 6.0
VCC, SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)

8.0 10 12 14

R

= 10 k

ref

CT = 820 pF

Figure 18. Power Supply Zener V oltage

versus T emperature

21.5

21.0

20.5

20.0

, ZENER VOLTAGE (V)

Z

V

19.5

19.0
–50 –25 0 25 50 75 100

TA, AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (

ICC = 25 mA

°

C)

8

MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA