MOTOROLA LM2575TV-ADJ, LM2575TV-3.3, LM2575TV-015, LM2575TV-012, LM2575T-ADJ Datasheet

...
Device
Operating
Temperature Range
Package

EASY SWITCHER
1.0 A STEP–DOWN
VOLTAGE REGULATOR
LM2575T–** LM2575TV–** TJ = –40° to +125°C
Straight Lead
Vertical Mount
DEVICE TYPE/NOMINAL OUTPUT VOLTAGE
LM2575–3.3 LM2575–5 LM2575–12 LM2575–15 LM2575–Adj
3.3 V
5.0 V 12 V 15 V
1.23 V to 37 V
D2T SUFFIX
PLASTIC PACKAGE
CASE 936A
(D2PAK)
1
5
Order this document by LM2575/D
T SUFFIX
PLASTIC PACKAGE
CASE 314D
TV SUFFIX
PLASTIC PACKAGE
CASE 314B
Pin 1. V
in
2. Output
3. Ground
4. Feedback
5. ON
/OFF
LM2575D2T–**
Surface Mount
1
5
1
5
Heatsink surface (shown as terminal 6 in case outline
drawing) is connected to Pin 3.
Heatsink surface
connected to Pin 3.
** = Voltage Option, ie. 3.3, 5.0, 12, 15 V and
** =\Adjustable Output.
SEMICONDUCTOR
TECHNICAL DATA
1
MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA
     
The LM2575 series of regulators are monolithic integrated circuits ideally suited for easy and convenient design of a step–down switching regulator (buck converter). All circuits of this series are capable of driving a 1.0 A load with excellent line and load regulation. These devices are available in fixed output voltages of 3.3 V, 5.0 V, 12 V, 15 V, and an adjustable output version.
These regulators were designed to minimize the number of external components to simplify the power supply design. Standard series of inductors optimised for use with the LM2575 are offered by several different inductor manufacturers.
Since the LM2575 converter is a switch–mode power supply, its ef ficiency is significantly higher in comparison with popular three–terminal linear regulators, especially with higher input voltages. In many cases, the power dissipated by the LM2575 regulator is so low, that no heatsink is required or its size could be reduced dramatically.
The LM2575 features include a guaranteed ±4% tolerance on output voltage within specified input voltages and output load conditions, and ±10% on the oscillator frequency (±2% over 0°C to 125°C). External shutdown is included, featuring 80 µA typical standby current. The output switch includes cycle–by–cycle current limiting, as well as thermal shutdown for full protection under fault conditions.
Features
3.3 V, 5.0 V, 12 V, 15 V, and Adjustable Output Versions
Adjustable Version Output Voltage Range of 1.23 V to 37 V ±4%
Maximum Over Line and Load Conditions
Guaranteed 1.0 A Output Current
Wide Input Voltage Range: 4.75 V to 40 V
Requires Only 4 External Components
52 kHz Fixed Frequency Internal Oscillator
TTL Shutdown Capability, Low Power Standby Mode
High Efficiency
Uses Readily Available Standard Inductors
Thermal Shutdown and Current Limit Protection
Applications
Simple and High–Efficiency Step–Down (Buck) Regulators
Efficient Pre–Regulator for Linear Regulators
On–Card Switching Regulators
Positive to Negative Converters (Buck–Boost)
Negative Step–Up Converters
Power Supply for Battery Chargers
Motorola, Inc. 1999 Rev 2, 07/1999
LM2575
2
MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA
Figure 1. Block Diagram and Typical Application
7.0 V – 40 V
Unregulated
DC Input
L1
330
µ
H
Gnd
+V
in
1
C
in
100
µ
F
3ON
/OFF5
Output 2
Feedback 4
D1 1N5819
C
out
330
µ
F
Typical Application (Fixed Output Voltage Versions)
Representative Block Diagram and Typical Application
Unregulated
DC Input
+V
in
1
C
out
Feedback
4
C
in
L1
D1
R2
R1
1.0 k Output
2 Gnd
3
ON
/OFF
5
Reset
Latch
Thermal
Shutdown
52 kHz
Oscillator
1.235 V Band–Gap Reference
Freq Shift
18 kHz
Comparator
Fixed Gain Error Amplifier
Current
Limit
Driver
1.0 Amp Switch
ON
/OFF
3.1 V Internal Regulator
Regulated
Output
V
out
Load
Output
Voltage Versions
3.3 V
5.0 V 12 V 15 V
R2
(
)
1.7 k
3.1 k
8.84 k
11.3 k
For adjustable version R1 = open, R2 = 0
LM2575
5.0 V Regulated Output 1.0 A Load
This device contains 162 active transistors.
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS (Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond
which damage to the device may occur.)
Rating
Symbol Value Unit
Maximum Supply Voltage V
in
45 V
ON/OFF Pin Input Voltage –0.3 V V +V
in
V Output Voltage to Ground (Steady–State) –1.0 V Power Dissipation
Case 314B and 314D (TO–220, 5–Lead) P
D
Internally Limited W
Thermal Resistance, Junction–to–Ambient R
θJA
65 °C/W
Thermal Resistance, Junction–to–Case R
θJC
5.0 °C/W
Case 936A (D2PAK) P
D
Internally Limited W
Thermal Resistance, Junction–to–Ambient
(Figure 34)
R
θJA
70 °C/W
Thermal Resistance, Junction–to–Case R
θJC
5.0 °C/W
Storage Temperature Range T
stg
–65 to +150 °C
Minimum ESD Rating (Human Body Model: C
= 100 pF, R = 1.5 k)
3.0 kV
Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 s) 260 ° C Maximum Junction Temperature T
J
150 ° C
NOTE: ESD data available upon request.
LM2575
3
MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA
OPERATING RATINGS (Operating Ratings indicate conditions for which the device is
intended to be functional, but do not guarantee specific performance limits. For guaranteed specifications and test conditions, see the Electrical Characteristics.)
Rating
Symbol Value Unit
Operating Junction Temperature Range T
J
–40 to +125 °C
Supply Voltage V
in
40 V
SYSTEM PARAMETERS ([Note 1] Test Circuit Figure 14)
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(Unless otherwise specified, Vin = 12 V for the 3.3 V, 5.0 V, and Adjustable version, Vin = 25 V for
the 12 V version, and Vin = 30 V for the 15 V version. I
Load
= 200 mA. For typical values TJ = 25°C, for min/max values TJ is the operating
junction temperature range that applies [Note 2], unless otherwise noted.)
Characteristics
Symbol Min Typ Max Unit
LM2575–3.3 ([Note 1] Test Circuit Figure 14)
Output Voltage (Vin = 12 V, I
Load
= 0.2 A, TJ = 25°C) V
out
3.234 3.3 3.366 V
Output Voltage (4.75 V Vin 40 V, 0.2 A I
Load
1.0 A) V
out
V TJ = 25°C 3.168 3.3 3.432 TJ = –40 to +125°C 3.135 3.465
Efficiency (Vin = 12 V, I
Load
= 1.0 A) η 75 %
LM2575–5 ([Note 1] Test Circuit Figure 14)
Output Voltage (Vin = 12 V, I
Load
= 0.2 A, TJ = 25°C) V
out
4.9 5.0 5.1 V
Output Voltage (8.0 V Vin 40 V, 0.2 A I
Load
1.0 A) V
out
V TJ = 25°C 4.8 5.0 5.2 TJ = –40 to +125°C 4.75 5.25
Efficiency (Vin = 12 V, I
Load
= 1.0 A) η 77 %
LM2575–12 ([Note 1] Test Circuit Figure 14)
Output Voltage (Vin = 25 V, I
Load
= 0.2 A, TJ = 25°C) V
out
11.76 12 12.24 V
Output Voltage (15 V Vin 40 V, 0.2 A I
Load
1.0 A) V
out
V TJ = 25°C 11.52 12 12.48 TJ = –40 to +125°C 11.4 12.6
Efficiency (Vin = 15V, I
Load
= 1.0 A) η 88 %
LM2575–15 ([Note 1] Test Circuit Figure 14)
Output Voltage (Vin = 30 V, I
Load
= 0.2 A, TJ = 25°C) V
out
14.7 15 15.3 V
Output Voltage (18 V Vin 40 V, 0.2 A I
Load
1.0 A) V
out
V TJ = 25°C 14.4 15 15.6 TJ = –40 to +125°C 14.25 15.75
Efficiency (Vin = 18 V, I
Load
= 1.0 A) η 88 %
LM2575 ADJUSTABLE VERSION ([Note 1] Test Circuit Figure 14)
Feedback Voltage (Vin = 12 V, I
Load
= 0.2 A, V
out
= 5.0 V , TJ = 25°C) V
FB
1.217 1.23 1.243 V
Feedback Voltage (8.0 V Vin 40 V, 0.2 A I
Load
1.0 A, V
out
= 5.0 V) V
FB
V TJ = 25°C 1.193 1.23 1.267 TJ = –40 to +125°C 1.18 1.28
Efficiency (Vin = 12 V, I
Load
= 1.0 A, V
out
= 5.0 V) η 77 %
NOTES: 1. External components such as the catch diode, inductor, input and output capacitors can af fect switching regulator system performance. When the
LM2575 is used as shown in the
Figure 14 test circuit, system performance will be as shown in system parameters section
.
2.Tested junction temperature range for the LM2575: T
low
= –40°C T
high
= +125°C
LM2575
4
MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA
DEVICE PARAMETERS
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Unless otherwise specified, V
in
= 12 V for the 3.3 V, 5.0 V, and Adjustable version, Vin = 25 V for
the 12 V version, and Vin = 30 V for the 15 V version. I
Load
= 200 mA. For typical values TJ = 25°C, for min/max values TJ is the operating
junction temperature range that applies [Note 2], unless otherwise noted.)
Characteristics
Symbol Min Typ Max Unit
ALL OUTPUT VOLTAGE VERSIONS
Feedback Bias Current (V
out
= 5.0 V [Adjustable Version Only]) I
b
nA TJ = 25°C 25 100 TJ = –40 to +125°C 200
Oscillator Frequency [Note 3] f
osc
kHz TJ = 25°C 52 – TJ = 0 to +125°C 47 58 TJ = –40 to +125°C 42 63
Saturation Voltage (I
out
= 1.0 A [Note 4]) V
sat
V TJ = 25°C 1.0 1.2 TJ = –40 to +125°C 1.3
Max Duty Cycle (“on”) [Note 5] DC 94 98 % Current Limit (Peak Current [Notes 4 and 3]) I
CL
A TJ = 25°C 1.7 2.3 3.0 TJ = –40 to +125°C 1.4 3.2
Output Leakage Current [Notes 6 and 7], TJ = 25°C I
L
mA Output = 0 V 0.8 2.0 Output = –1.0 V 6.0 20
Quiescent Current [Note 6] I
Q
mA TJ = 25°C 5.0 9.0 TJ = –40 to +125°C 11
Standby Quiescent Current (ON/OFF Pin = 5.0 V (“off”)) I
stby
µA TJ = 25°C 80 200 TJ = –40 to +125°C 400
ON/OFF Pin Logic Input Level (Test Circuit Figure 14) V
V
out
= 0 V V
IH
TJ = 25°C 2.2 1.4 – TJ = –40 to +125°C 2.4
V
out
= Nominal Output Voltage V
IL
TJ = 25°C 1.2 1.0 TJ = –40 to +125°C 0.8
ON/OFF Pin Input Current (Test Circuit Figure 14) µA
ON/OFF Pin = 5.0 V (“off”), TJ = 25°C I
IH
15 30
ON/OFF Pin = 0 V (“on”), TJ = 25°C I
IL
0 5.0
NOTES: 3. The oscillator frequency reduces to approximately 18 kHz in the event of an output short or an overload which causes the regulated output voltage to
drop approximately 40% from the nominal output voltage. This self protection feature lowers the average dissipation of the IC by lowering the minimum duty cycle from 5% down to approximately 2%.
4.Output (Pin 2) sourcing current. No diode, inductor or capacitor connected to output pin.
5.Feedback (Pin 4) removed from output and connected to 0 V.
6.Feedback (Pin 4) removed from output and connected to +12 V for the Adjustable, 3.3 V, and 5.0 V versions, and +25 V for the 12 V and 15 V versions, to force the output transistor “off”.
7.Vin = 40 V.
LM2575
5
MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (Circuit of Figure 14)
V
out
, OUTPUT VOLTAGE CHANGE (%)
0
20
–50
3.0
0
–50
2.0
0
1.2
–50
I
Q
, QUIESCENT CURRENT (mA)
Vin, INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
I
O
, OUTPUT CURRENT (A)
TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C)
Vin, INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
INPUT–OUTPUT DIFFERENTIAL (V)
TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C)
V
sat
, SATURATION VOLTAGE (V)
SWITCH CURRENT (A)
V
out
, OUTPUT VOLTAGE CHANGE (%)
Figure 2. Normalized Output Voltage
TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C)
Figure 3. Line Regulation
Vin = 20 V I
Load
= 200 mA Normalized at TJ = 25
°
C
Figure 4. Switch Saturation Voltage Figure 5. Current Limit
Figure 6. Dropout Voltage Figure 7. Quiescent Current
I
Load
= 200 mA
TJ = 25
°
C
3.3 V, 5.0 V and Adj
12 V and 15 V
25°C
Vin = 25 V
V
out
= 5.0 V Measured at Ground Pin TJ = 25
°
C
I
Load
= 200 mA
I
Load
= 1.0 A
V
out
= 5%
R
ind
= 0.2
125°C
–40°C
5.0–25 100 201525 257550 3530 40100 125
0.8
0.4
0.4
0
0
–0.2
–0.4
0.6
0.2
1.00.6
0.2
–0.2
–0.6
2.5
1.5
0.5
0
2.0
1.0
14
10
6.0
4.0
18
12
8.0
16
1.1
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.0
0.8
0.6
1.2
0.8
0.4
1.0
0.6
1.8
1.4
1.6
0.4 –250.1 00.2 250.3 500.4 750.5 1000.6 1250.7
5.0–25 100 1525 2050 2575 30100 35125
0.8 0.9 1.0
40
I
Load
= 200 mA
I
Load
= 1.0 A
LM2575
6
MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (PIN 2)
OUTPUT CURRENT (PIN 2)
INDUCTOR
OUTPUT RIPPLE VOLTAGE
V
out
, OUTPUT VOL TAGE
I
stby
, STANDBY QUIESCENT CURRENT ( A)
µ
100
–50
–50
10 V
–50
0
100
µ
s/DIV
I
FB
, FEEDBACK PIN CURRENT (nA)
TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C)
TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (
°
C)
5.0
µ
s/DIV
NORMALIZED FREQUENCY (%)
TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C)
I
stby
, STANDBY QUIESCENT CURRENT ( A)
µ
Figure 8. Standby Quiescent Current
Vin, INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
Figure 9. Standby Quiescent Current
Figure 10. Oscillator Frequency Figure 11. Feedback Pin Current
Figure 12. Switching Waveforms Figure 13. Load Transient Response
Vin = 12 V V
ON
/OFF
= 5.0 V
TJ = 25°C
–1001.0 A
1.0
40
0
2.0
0.5
20
1.0 A
0
120
0
0
100
0.5 A
–2.0
100
–40
80
–4.0
60
40
20 mV
–8.0
20
0
–10
0
00
40
80
120
60
20
–6.0
/DIV
I
Load
, LOAD CURRENT (A)
–20
–25
–25
–25
5.0
0
0
0
10
25
25
25
15
50
50
50
20
75
75
75
25
100
100
100
30
125
125
125
4035
Vin = 12 V Normalized at 25
°
C
Adjustable Version Only
CHANGE (mV)
CURRENT
LM2575
7
MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA
Figure 14. Typical Test Circuit
D1 1N5819
L1
330
µ
H
Output
2
4
Feedback
C
out
330
µ
F
/16 V
C
in
100
µ
F/50 V
LM2575–5
1
53ON
/OFFGnd
V
in
Load
V
out
Regulated
Output
V
in
Unregulated
DC Input
8.0 V – 40 V
D1 1N5819
L1
330
µ
H
Output
2
4
Feedback
C
out
330
µ
F
/16 V
C
in
100
µ
F/50 V
LM2575
Adjustable
1
53ON
/OFFGnd
V
in
Load
V
out
Regulated
Output
Unregulated
DC Input
8.0 V – 40 V
5.0 Output Voltage Versions
Adjustable Output Voltage Versions
V
out
+
V
ref
ǒ
1
)
R2 R1
Ǔ
R2+R1
ǒ
V
out
V
ref
–1
Ǔ
Where V
ref
= 1.23 V, R1
between 1.0 k
and 5.0 k
R2
R1
+
+
PCB LAYOUT GUIDELINES
As in any switching regulator, the layout of the printed circuit board is very important. Rapidly switching currents associated with wiring inductance, stray capacitance and parasitic inductance of the printed circuit board traces can generate voltage transients which can generate electromagnetic interferences (EMI) and affect the desired operation. As indicated in the Figure 14, to minimize inductance and ground loops, the length of the leads indicated by heavy lines should be kept as short as possible. For best results, single–point grounding (as indicated) or ground plane construction should be used.
On the other hand, the PCB area connected to the Pin 2 (emitter of the internal switch) of the LM2575 should be kept to a minimum in order to minimize coupling to sensitive circuitry.
Another sensitive part of the circuit is the feedback. It is important to keep the sensitive feedback wiring short. To assure this, physically locate the programming resistors near to the regulator, when using the adjustable version of the LM2575 regulator.
LM2575
8
MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA
PIN FUNCTION DESCRIPTION
Pin Symbol Description (Refer to Figure 1)
1 V
in
This pin is the positive input supply for the LM2575 step–down switching regulator. In order to minimize voltage transients and to supply the switching currents needed by the regulator, a suitable input bypass capacitor must be present (Cin in
Figure 1).
2 Output This is the emitter of the internal switch. The saturation voltage V
sat
of this output switch is typically 1.0 V. It should be kept in mind that the PCB area connected to this pin should be kept to a minimum in order to minimize coupling to sensitive circuitry.
3 Gnd Circuit ground pin. See the information about the printed circuit board layout. 4 Feedback This pin senses regulated output voltage to complete the feedback loop. The signal is divided by the
internal resistor divider network R2, R1 and applied to the non–inverting input of the internal error amplifier. In the Adjustable version of the LM2575 switching regulator this pin is the direct input of the error amplifier and the resistor network R2, R1 is connected externally to allow programming of the output voltage.
5 ON/OFF It allows the switching regulator circuit to be shut down using logic level signals, thus dropping the total
input supply current to approximately 80 µA. The input threshold voltage is typically 1.4 V . Applying a voltage above this value (up to +Vin) shuts the regulator off. If the voltage applied to this pin is lower than
1.4 V or if this pin is connected to ground, the regulator will be in the “on” condition.
DESIGN PROCEDURE
Buck Converter Basics
The LM2575 is a “Buck” or Step–Down Converter which is the most elementary forward–mode converter. Its basic schematic can be seen in
Figure 15.
The operation of this regulator topology has two distinct time periods. The first one occurs when the series switch is on, the input voltage is connected to the input of the inductor.
The output of the inductor is the output voltage, and the rectifier (or catch diode) is reverse biased. During this period, since there is a constant voltage source connected across the inductor, the inductor current begins to linearly ramp upwards, as described by the following equation:
I
L(on)
+
ǒ
Vin–V
out
Ǔ
t
on
L
During this “on” period, energy is stored within the core material in the form of magnetic flux. If the inductor is properly designed, there is sufficient energy stored to carry the requirements of the load during the “off” period.
Figure 15. Basic Buck Converter
D1
V
in
V
out
R
Load
L
C
out
Power Switch
The next period is the “off” period of the power switch. When the power switch turns off, the voltage across the inductor reverses its polarity and is clamped at one diode voltage drop below ground by catch dioded. Current now flows through the catch diode thus maintaining the load current loop. This removes the stored energy from the inductor. The inductor current during this time is:
I
L(off)
+
ǒ
V
out
–V
D
Ǔ
t
off
L
This period ends when the power switch is once again turned on. Regulation of the converter is accomplished by varying the duty cycle of the power switch. It is possible to describe the duty cycle as follows:
d
+
t
on
T
, where T is the period of switching.
For the buck converter with ideal components, the duty cycle can also be described as:
d
+
V
out
V
in
Figure 16 shows the buck converter idealized waveforms of the catch diode voltage and the inductor current.
Power Switch
Figure 16. Buck Converter Idealized Waveforms
Power Switch
Off
Power Switch
Off
Power Switch
On
Power
Switch
On
V
on(SW)
VD(FWD)
Time
Time
I
Load
(AV)
I
min
I
pk
Diode Diode
Power
Switch
Diode VoltageInductor Current
LM2575
9
MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA
Procedure (Fixed Output Voltage Version) In order to simplify the switching regulator design, a step–by–step
design procedure and example is provided.
Procedure Example
Given Parameters:
V
out
= Regulated Output Voltage (3.3 V, 5.0 V, 12 V or 15 V)
V
in(max)
= Maximum DC Input Voltage
I
Load(max)
= Maximum Load Current
Given Parameters:
V
out
= 5.0 V
V
in(max)
= 20 V
I
Load(max)
= 0.8 A
1. Controller IC Selection
According to the required input voltage, output voltage and current, select the appropriate type of the controller IC output voltage version.
1. Controller IC Selection
According to the required input voltage, output voltage, current polarity and current value, use the LM2575–5 controller IC
2. Input Capacitor Selection (Cin)
To prevent large voltage transients from appearing at the input and for stable operation of the converter, an aluminium or tantalum electrolytic bypass capacitor is needed between the input pin +Vin and ground pin Gnd. This capacitor should be located close to the IC using short leads. This capacitor should have a low ESR (Equivalent Series Resistance) value.
2. Input Capacitor Selection (Cin)
A 47 µF, 25 V aluminium electrolytic capacitor located near to the input and ground pins provides sufficient bypassing.
3. Catch Diode Selection (D1)
A.Since the diode maximum peak current exceeds the
regulator maximum load current the catch diode current rating must be at least 1.2 times greater than the maximum load current. For a robust design the diode should have a current rating equal to the maximum current limit of the LM2575 to be able to withstand a continuous output short
B.The reverse voltage rating of the diode should be at least
1.25 times the maximum input voltage.
3. Catch Diode Selection (D1)
A.For this example the current rating of the diode is 1.0 A.
B.Use a 30 V 1N5818 Schottky diode, or any of the suggested
fast recovery diodes shown in the Table 4.
4. Inductor Selection (L1)
A.According to the required working conditions, select the
correct inductor value using the selection guide from Figures 17 to 21
.
B.From the appropriate inductor selection guide, identify the
inductance region intersected by the Maximum Input Voltage line and the Maximum Load Current line. Each region is identified by an inductance value and an inductor code.
C.Select an appropriate inductor from the several different
manufacturers part numbers listed in Table 1 or Table 2. When using Table 2 for selecting the right inductor the designer must realize that the inductor current rating must be higher than the maximum peak current flowing through the inductor. This maximum peak current can be calculated as follows
:
where ton is the “on” time of the power switch and
For additional information about the inductor, see the inductor section in the “External Components” section of this data sheet.
I
p(max)
+
I
Load(max)
)
ǒ
Vin–V
out
Ǔ
t
on
2L
t
on
+
V
out
V
in
x
1
f
osc
4. Inductor Selection (L1)
A.Use the inductor selection guide shown in Figures 17 to 21.
B.From the selection guide, the inductance area intersected
by the 20 V line and 0.8 A line is L330.
C.Inductor value required is 330 µH. From the Table 1 or
Table 2
,
choose an inductor from any of the listed
manufacturers.
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