Section 12 UPGRADING THE FIRMWARE .................................................................. Page 32
APPENDIX I PROBE CONNECTION OPTIONS
APPENDIX II INTRINSIC SAFETY BARRIERS
APPENDIX III RS-485 CONNECTION DATA
APPENDIX IV MODBUS PROTOCOL
APPLICATION NOTE APNE-0003 - Fieldmeter Measurement Techniques Using Model 1036 Probes
APPLICATION NOTE APNE-0014 - Electrostatic Charging In Web Converting
APPLICATION NOTE APNE-0015 - Electric Fields and Fieldmeters in Web Converting
APPLICATION NOTE APNE-0016 - Static Control in Web Converting
Accessories Included:
Manual
110V Line Cord
220V Line Cord
DB9 M/F Straight-Thru Cable
USB A-Male/B-Male Cable
Mounting Hardware
2 – 2 Position terminal block plugs
4 – 6 Position terminal plugs
WARRANTY
Monroe Electronics, Inc., warrants to the Owners, this instrument to be free from defects in material
and workmanship for a period of two years after shipment from the factory. This warranty is
applicable to the original purchaser only.
Liability under this warranty is limited to service, adjustment or replacement of defective parts (other
than tubes, fuses or batteries) on any instrument or sub-assembly returned to the factory for this
purpose, transportation prepaid.
This warranty does not apply to instruments or sub-assemblies subjected to abuse, abnormal
operating conditions, or unauthorized repair or modification.
Since Monroe Electronics, Inc. has no control over conditions of use, no warranty is made or implied
as to the suitability of our product for the customer’s intended use.
THIS WARRANTY SET FORTH IN THIS ARTICLE IS EXCLUSIVE AND IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER
WARRANTIES AND REPRESENTATIONS, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY INCLUDING
BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS.
Except for obligations expressly undertaken by Monroe Electronics, in this Warranty, Owner hereby
waives and releases all rights, claims and remedies with respect to any and all guarantees, express,
implied, or statutory (including without limitation, the implied warranties of merchantability and
fitness), and including but without being limited to any obligation of Monroe Electronics with respect
to incidental or consequential damages, or damages for loss of use. No agreement or understanding
varying or extending the warranty will be binding upon Monroe Electronics unless in writing signed by
a duly authorized representative of Monroe Electronics.
In the event of a breach of the foregoing warranty, the liability of Monroe Electronics shall be limited
to repairing or replacing the non-conforming goods and/or defective work, and in accordance with the
foregoing, Monroe Electronics shall not be liable for any other damages, either direct or
consequential.
RETURN POLICIES AND PROCEDURES FACTORY REPAIR
Return authorization is required for factory repair work. Material being returned to the factory for
repair must have a Return Material Authorization number. To obtain an RMA number, call 585-765-
2254 and ask for Customer Service.
Material returned to the factory for warranty repair must be accompanied by a copy of a dated
invoice or bill of sale, which serves as a proof of purchase for the material.
Repairs will be returned promptly. Repairs are normally returned to the customer by UPS within ten
working days after receipt by Monroe Electronics, Inc. Return (to the customer) UPS charges will be
paid by Monroe Electronics on warranty work. Return (to the customer) UPS charges will be prepaid
and added to invoice for out-of-warranty repair work.
EXPEDITED FACTORY REPAIR:
All material returned to the factory by air or by an overnight service will be expedited. Expedited
factory repairs will be returned to the customer by the same mode of transportation by which the
material was returned to the factory for repair (i.e., material returned to the factory by an overnight
service will be returned to the customer by an overnight service).
NOTE: Return (to the customer) transportation expenses for expedited factory repairs will always be
at the expense of the customer despite the warranty status of the equipment.
FACTORY REPAIRS TO MODIFIED EQUIPMENT:
Material returned to the factory for repair that has been modified will not be tested unless the nature
and purpose of the modification is understood by us and does not render the equipment untestable
at our repair facility. We will reserve the right to deny service to any modified equipment returned to
the factory for repair regardless of the warranty status of the equipment.
2
Section 1
GENERAL
Monroe Electronics’ Multi-Point Fieldmeter and Alarm System, Model 177A measures electrostatic
fields (potential gradient) in terms of voltage per unit distance. Using probe-to-surface separation as
a calibration factor enables use of this instrument for measurement of surface voltage as well.
As with other models of Monroe Electronics’ electrostatic fieldmeters, the Model 177A’s primary
application is measurement and monitoring of electrostatic charge accumulation. As a charge
increases on the surface of a material, the electrostatic field in the vicinity increases proportionately.
The Model 177A Multi-Point Fieldmeter and Alarm System produces a reliable output signal directly
proportional to the surface charge accumulation while making NO PHYSICAL CONTACT with the
material being monitored.
The Monroe Electronics Model 177A is an intrinsically safe system, using FM-listed Monroe
Electronics Model 1036 sensors, which continuously monitor the critical points in your facility to
detect and warn of electrostatic charge buildup before it becomes a problem. In a typical alarmactivated or PLC-connected setup, as static levels in your application surpass a preset value, beyond
which there may be a danger to personnel or possible disruption or destruction to the process or
product, an initial warning is triggered and the process is allowed to continue. If the problem is
rectified, the “warning” returns to a “normal” state. If the condition persists and the static level
exceeds a second, more crucial value, an alarm is activated. This second-level alarm can be used to
shut down the process until it is brought under control, or to further warn the operator of the more
serious condition.
Each Model 177A will monitor up to four locations using Monroe Model 1036 sensors placed at
distances up to 1000 feet from the instrument. Processes can be continuously monitored and
recorder outputs may be utilized for long term, drift free data acquisition. Cascading of up to 32 units
via RS485 permits monitoring of up to 128 sensor locations using a PC and the supplied software.
Factory Mutual Research Corp. approves the Model 1036 probes for use in Class I, Division 1,
Groups C and D hazardous locations. To comply, approved intrinsic safety (IS) barriers must be
used with the Model 1036. Reference FM Standard Class Number 3610:January 2000
This document provides the user, for hazardous and non-hazardous areas, with operational
instructions for Monroe Model 1036 sensors and the corresponding Model 177A Fieldmeter/Alarm
System.
3
Section 2
SPECIFICATIONS
Monitor Console
Temperature Range: +15° to +45° C
Analog Outputs 10 V, 0 – 5V, (2.5V ±2.5V full sc ale); <10 impedance;
(user selectable): or simultaneous 4-20mA (optional)
RS232/485 Control: Channel status, channel disable / enable, group control / setup
Accuracy: ± 3% of full scale at analog outputs
± 3% of full-scale ±2 counts +0.3 counts/°C at front panel meters
Displays: Four 3½-digit LED’s, 0.6” (one per input channel)
Power Requirements: 90-260 VAC, 47-60 Hz; 13 W atts maximum
Alarm Relays: Per channel fail safe, NC (Form B)
System O.K.; Channel O.K.;
W arning; Alarm
Contact Ratings: DC: 1A, 30V; AC: .05A, 125V
Connector Styles: RS232/RS485 – DB9 Female
Probe – DB9 Female
Analog Out – BNC
Test Connector – Screw Terminals
4-20 mA option – Screw Terminals
Dimensions: 1¾ x 19 x 11 inches (4.45x 48.26 x 27.9 cm) Mounts in a standard 19” rack
Weight: 6 lbs
Relay Contacts: Switching load 30W 62.5VA; MAX switching voltage 110VDC, 125VAC
0.3A (rms), suggested limit 30VDC 1A MAX.
Closed for normal conditions
Drift: 1% of full scale (typical), non-cumulative, long-term when purged according to manufacturer’s instructions.
Noise: <0.05% of full scale, peak-to-peak
Speed of
Response: 1 second maximum, 10%-90% of full scale
Dimensions
Model 1036E(H): 6.0 x 3.0 x 2.063 inches
(15.24 x 7.62 x 5.24 cm) Model 1036F(H): 1.75dia. x 1.22 inches (4.45 x 3.11 cm)
Maximum
Cable Length: 1000 ft. (305 m)
Temperature
Range: -30° C to +80° C Models E & F
-30° C to +100° C Models EH & FH
Enclosure (optional)
Capacity: Two Monitor Consoles
Dimensions:
4.5 x 20 x 14 inches (11.4 x 50.8 x 35.6 cm)
Specifications are subject to change without notice.
4
Section 3
ELECTRIC FIELDS AND FIELDMETERS
Electric Field
An electric field is a region in space characterized by the existence of an electric force (F) generated
by an electric charge (q). The electric force F acting on a charge q in an electric field is proportional
to the charge itself. The relationship of these quantities is expressed by the electrostatic force law
[1]:
F = qE
E is called the electric field strength and is determined by the magnitude and locations of the other charges acting upon charge q
E = F/q
The electric field strength, E, is usually displayed in the unit of volt/meter (V/m), volt/centimeter
(V/cm) or volt/inch (V/in).
Electric Fieldmeters
Charge is often difficult or impossible to measure directly. We rely on detection and measurement of
the electric field from the charged object to determine the existence of the charged and to estimate
the relative magnitude of the charge. The electrostatic fieldmeter is the instrument that measures
electric field strength.
Electric field strength measurements can be difficult to measure and interpret correctly because of
several factors that can affect the electric field itself or affect the measurement of the electric field.
Guidance is given in this document to help understand or minimize the effects of these factors, and
to otherwise correctly interpret electric field measurements.
Fieldmeters measure the electrostatic field (voltage per unit distance) at the aperture of a grounded
probe. Ideally, a uniform electric field is established between a charged surface and a grounded
surface. The grounded surface may be the grounded surface of the fieldmeter probe, or the
fieldmeter probe may also be placed in the plane of a grounded surface (better). The electric field is
set up between the grounded surface and the charged surface some distance, D, away. Fieldmeters
are calibrated at a particular distance, such as V/inch or V/cm. Therefore, using the manufacturer’s
calibrated distance (one inch or one centimeter) makes the measurement easier to interpret. Probeto-surface separation should be carefully controlled for accurate measurement.
Probe
Charged
D
Figure 1: Probe-to-Charged-Surface Separation, D
Monroe Electronics electrostatic fieldmeters use a feedback-driven, null seeking design to assure
accurate, drift-free, non-contacting measurements. Accuracy is typically a moderate 3% in a carefully
controlled geometry.
Figure 2 illustrates a Monroe Model 1036 fieldmeter probe in simple graphical form. This particular
fieldmeter is a chopper-stabilized design that operates reliably in both ionized and non-ionized
environments (refer to Appendix II.)
Surface
5
Figure 2: Monroe Model 1036 Fieldmeter Probe
Electrostatic fieldmeters measure electric field strength by non-contacting means. All the charged
objects, voltage sources, and grounded conductors (including the fieldmeter probe housing) in the
general area affect the electric field strength measurement. The fieldmeter measures the electric
field strength only at its aperture. It does not have a viewing angle and it does not see the web or
object directly in front of it as a separate entity. This can be demonstrated by measuring the electric
field of an insulating sheet with a hole in it.
Place a ch arge on an insulati ng
sheet with a hole cut out of it
Hole
Probe
(a) (b)
(hole to be larg er than probe) .
Measure the electric field o ver
the sheet (a). Move the probe
over the hole and measure the
field again (b) .
The measured field strength in
(b) will be less than in ( a), but it
won’t be zero.
Probe Hole
Figure 3: Insulating Sheet Electric Field Demo, Top View
The field over the hole will not be zero, even though there is no charge directly in front of the probe
head. This is because the electric field at the probe aperture is a function of each charge on the
sheet, and is also a function of the concentration of field due to the grounded probe itself.
Probe
Perpendicular
Field Lines
- -
- - -
- -
- - -
Ground
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Insulating Sheet
Hole
Insulating Sheet
Figure 4: Insulating Sheet Electric Field Demo
6
Effect of Probe Type on Fieldmeter Readings
For measurement of insulating web surfaces, it is best to maintain the same distance from the
fieldmeter to the web as when the fieldmeter was calibrated. Since most fieldmeters are calibrated at
one inch, their apertures should be positioned one inch from the web. The Model 1036E probe will
give accurate readings (as-is) at a measurement distance of one inch because its large grounded
face helps to create a uniform electric field near the aperture of the probe. The Model 1036F probe is
significantly smaller than the Model 1036E probe. Unless a grounded shroud is used to enlarge the
smaller ground plane of the 1036F probe, the fieldmeter readings will be about 12% high because
the electric field will converge on the small probe.
1036E Probe
1”
Straight field lines
Charged
Surface
Aperture
Figure 5: Field Lines Straight to 1036E Probe
1036F Probe
1”
Convergent field lines
Figure 6: Field Lines Converging to 1036F Probe
Charged
Surface
7
Section 4
INSTALLATION
The Model 177A Multi-Point Fieldmeter and Alarm System, is designed to occupy a 1¾” space in a
standard 19” equipment rack. A minimum of 4” should be left behind the instrument to allow for cable
connections to the back panel.
For use in conjunction with central data collection and/or monitoring, the 177A may be placed at any
convenient, centralized location provided that the distance to any one probe does not exceed 1000
feet. The probes should be placed at any location requiring the monitoring of charge buildup.
An earth ground is necessary for proper operation. The chassis of the instrument may be grounded
through the line cord, but the chassis must be grounded. A three wire grounded line cord is provided
with the unit. The power line connector is located on the rear of the instrument.
Probe Inputs:
Four probe-input connectors are located on the instrument back panel. These are 9-pin subminiature
D female receptacles for mating to plugs on either the cables attached directly to the probes or
extension cables or adapter cables used with them. Two captive screws normally furnished with the
plugs may be secured to female thread inserts alongside each receptacle.
At least one probe must be connected for the 177A to operate.
Probes of different full scale sensitivities are available for use with the 177A. Each probe is marked
with a number stamped on the gradient cap to indicate its sensitivity (see Table 1). As a default,
each 177A is shipped with its firmware set to indicate 10KV full-scale. If the installation is using
probes other than 10KV full-scale, the 177A will need to be re-set for a different full-scale value. To
do this, reference the 177A Front Panel Programming Tree shipped with the unit. Place the 177A in
Set-up mode and then navigate to the PT (Probe Type) block as shown in the tree. Change the
probe type value stored to match the full-scale sensitivity of the probe being installed on that
channel. Store the value and then exit the set-up mode.
Outputs:
Two types of outputs are available on the back panel to represent the inputs. Voltage outputs may be
taken at four BNC connectors or 4-20 mA current outputs at screw terminals at JP2. Simultaneous 4channel 4-20 mA current output is optional.
The two possible voltage outputs are: [1] ±10 volts, [2] 0 – 5 volts (±2.5 volts full scale).
The positive 4-20mA loop outputs are at terminals 2, 4, 6 and 8 of JP2 for Channels 1-4,
respectively. The returns are at terminals 1, 3, 5 and 7, which are connected to common. The unit
provides a 12V nominal supply which gives a compliance range of 7 volts. An external supply may
be connected which will be used by all 4 channels. The external supply must be less than 25 volts.
Output compliance is external supply minus 5 volts. Note that this supply will be referenced to
chassis and Analog ground. These outputs are in addition to the four voltage outputs. See the
overview of the 4-20mA module in Section 11 on page 30 for more information.
NOTE: The wire color code for the line cord provided is:
HIGH SIDE OF LINE — BLACK or BROWN
LOW SIDE OF LINE — WHITE or LIGHT BLUE
SAFETY GROUND — GREEN or GREEN/YELLOW
8
Figure 7: Rear panel relay hookups
Rear panel alarm relay connections:
Three status LEDs and relays are assigned to each channel. These LEDs and relays are referenced
as OK, WARNING, and ALARM. External monitoring equipment can be connected to these relays
and indicator LEDs via screw terminals located on the rear panel of the instrument and assigned as
specified on the instruments cover.
Connections should be made using the following diagram as a guide. For operational information
refer to the Rear Panel Relay Connection segment in Section 8 of this manual.
Input
Figure 8: Rear Panel Relay Connections
9
Section 5
PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
Refer to Figure 9 for the following discussion.
The probe is placed to “view” the target surface, which is assumed to be charged. In this instance,
the gradient cap containing the aperture faces the target surface.
A sensitive electrode behind the aperture is vibrated perpendicular to the electric field by means of a
drive coil (vibrated toward and away from the target surface). An A.C. signal is induced onto the
sensitive electrode due to the motion of the vibrating electrode in the electric field, which is created
by the charges on the target surface. The modulation amplitude of the A.C. signal, relative to the
drive coil signal, is related to the polarity of the charge on the target surface.
This A.C. signal, conditioned by a preamplifier, filter, and signal amplifier, is fed into a phasesensitive demodulator. This signal from this demodulator feeds an integrating amplifier. A fraction of
the integrator’s output signal is fed back to the sensing electrode to null the signal from the external
electric field.
The voltage signal from the integrator is thus directly proportional to the field intensity at the sensing
electrode of the probe. The output signal from the integrator drives a meter for direct readout.
Sensitive aperture
Sensitive electrode
High input
impedance
preamplifier
Driving
coil
Feedback
PROBE
Probe housing
Surface-under-test
SIMPLIFIED FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM
Electrostatic Fieldmeter
Signal
Cable
amplifier
Phase
sensitive
detector
Reference
oscillator
MAIN METER ASSEMBLY
Integrator
Earth
ground
Meter
(output)
V
Chassis
ground
Figure 9
10
Section 6
Using 1036E and 1036F Sensors
General
Models 1036E and 1036F electrostatic fieldmeter probes are electrically identical and
interchangeable. The major differences are physical. Model 1036F is a small (1.75” dia. x 1.25” H),
lightweight version for general-purpose applications, or where available space is a problem. Model
1036E, for most industrial applications, is a 1036F probe built into a standard Crouse-Hinds ½”-FS1
electrical box with a stainless steel cover.
Both probes utilize the same vibrating capacitor modulator, and both have built-in provisions for
purging with filtered air to prevent contamination and long-term drift. Inert gas may also be used for
purging in hazardous areas where the probe will be used in an inert gas atmosphere. Purge gas flow
in the Model 1036F exits through the sensitive aperture only. Gas flow in Model 1036E is directed
across the face of the probe as well as through the sensitive aperture. Both probes are designed to
be used with Monroe Electronics Model 177A Static Monitor 4 Channel Electrostatic
Fieldmeter/Alarm System.
Static electricity is a natural occurrence resulting from common converting, laminating, and printing
applications. At times static electricity is little more than an annoyance. However, in applications
where significant electrostatic charges accumulate, the effects can be very serious. Typical probe
applications include static level safety monitoring in explosive environments and static level quality
monitoring in sensitive machine areas.
1036E, 1036F Fieldmeter Probe IS / I / 1 / CD / T5 Ta = 800C – 1036/10/A
1036E, 1036F Fieldmeter Probe IS / I / 1 / CD / T5 Ta = 1000C – 1036/10/A
1. Parts of the Models 1036E and 1036EH Fieldmeter probe enclosures are constructed
from plastic. To prevent the risk of electrostatic sparking the plastic surface shall only be
cleaned with a damp cloth.
2. The Models 1036E, 1036EH, 1036F & 1036FH Fieldmeter Probe enclosure contains
aluminum and is considered to present potential risk if ignition by impact or friction.
Care must be taken into account during installation and use to prevent impact or friction.
Figure 10: Model 1036E Fieldmeter Probe Figure 11: Model 1036F Fieldmeter Probe
Installation
Sensitivity:
Full-scale sensitivity for any properly standardized and calibrated probe/instrument combination is
dependent upon the gradient cap (containing the aperture) on each probe. Full-scale sensitivity for
any given system or channel (in the case of a multi-channel system such as the Model 177A) can be
determined by inspecting the gradient cap on the probe. Each gradient cap is stamped on its face
with a number, which represents a different size aperture. This number relates to the sensitivity of
the probe as shown in the table below. Probes are standardized at the factory in a uniform electric
field between two relatively large metal plates (see Figure 12).Once standardized in this manner,
they may be interchanged at will.
11
Probe Model Full Scale Sensitivity
1036_-3 ±1 kV/cm (±100 kV/M)
1036_-4 ±10 kV/cm (±1 MV/M)
1036_-5 ±20 kV/cm (±2 MV/M)
1036_-6 ±10 kV/in Standard
1036_-7 ±1 kV/in
Table 1: Probe Model vs. Full Scale Sensitivity
Mounting:
Probe mounting requirements for electrostatic field determinations will vary somewhat with the
nature of the desired measurement. In general, it is best to mount the probe as near as practical to
the surface being monitored, as long as the input signal remains less than the full-scale sensitivity of
the probe. For example, mount the metric unit reading probes from Table 1 at one centimeter and
the English unit reading probes at one inch, if feasible. It is strongly recommended that, where
possible, the probe be mounted "looking" downward in order to minimize the probability of
contaminants entering the aperture in the face.
Model 1036E is provided with two mounting flanges. The case should be electrically connected to
ground. The gradient cap (containing the aperture) of the probe is a reference surface with its own
ground connection. Do not make a separate ground connection to this surface. Stainless steel
hardware is recommended as shown for this connection to avoid long-term corrosion issues.
Model 1036F may be held by hand to make rough measurements, or mounted by means of two
threaded inserts installed in the mounting block. Care must be exercised when selecting screw
length. Other temporary mounting options are friction clamps, adhesives or double-sided tape. The
metal body of the probe is internally connected to instrument ground and should not normally be
connected to any other ground.
Geometry:
A shroud is not necessary on 1036E probes mounted at 1in/1cm or less from the web because the
large faceplate provides the same function as a shroud (creates a uniform field in front of the probe
at one inch or less).
12
As a truly uniform field does not usually occur in most practical measurement situations using the
1036F probes, partly due to the introduction of the grounded probe itself, one must either:
Improve the geometry by establishing a grounded plane (shroud) through which the fieldmeter
probe can view the field under consideration. Refer to figure 6 on page 9. (see also
Application Note –0003 in Appendix.)
Establish a correction factor for the data, or
Accept relative data. In many cases, this is acceptable practice once a fixed geometry is
established and related to the real electric field.
Cables:
Both types of probes are normally equipped with 10-foot-long cables and subminiature D connectors
that mate with Monroe Electronics Model 177A. This is Option 1 of 6 available wiring options – see
Appendix A – Probe Connection Options for details. The first 3 options are for non-hazardous (nonclassified) locations where there are no Intrinsic Safety (IS) considerations. The last 3 options are for
hazardous (classified) locations where IS must be considered as part of the installation and barriers
are in use.
Extension cables are available from Monroe in lengths up to 1000 feet, which is the maximum
permissible length. These extension cables may be ordered in any length (up to 1000 feet) by part
number 1036/12-nnnn, where nnnn is the length in feet.
The cable exit on Model 1036E is supplied through a packing gland which is screwed into a ½"-14
NPT tapped hole in a boss on one end of the housing. Inside the housing, the probe is plugged into
a terminal block to which the cable attaches. Where it is desirable or necessary to connect Model
1036E probes to Model 177 Static Monitors with conduit, the original cable and packing gland can be
removed and the cable replaced by any length (up to 1000 feet) pulled through the conduit with a
connector on only the Model 177 end. Refer to Appendix A – Probe Connection Options, Options 3,
4 or 6 (depending on whether IS must be considered) for details.
Purging:
Any "contamination" present in the probe or near the measurement will have an adverse affect on
performance. When insulative particles or liquid becomes charged and enters the probe or attaches
near the aperture of the probe, it becomes a source of measurement error and drift. Less obvious is
the influence of gaseous atmospheric constituents, including aerosols, which contaminate the probe
by altering the contact potentials between critical surfaces.
13
Constant purging of the Model 1036 probe with clean dry air or an inert gas is recommended
whenever practical to prevent airborne contaminants from entering the aperture in the gradient cap
and being deposited on the electrode.
The air supply should meet standard ANSI/ISA-S7.0.01-1996 - Quality Standard for Instrument Air.
A Koby "Junior" filter available from Koby, Inc., 297 Lincoln Street, Marlboro, MA 01752 should meet
this standard and will provide sufficient mechanical and chemical filtration for one to four probes
under most conditions.
A complete probe purge kit, Model 1017/22G, is available for Model 1036F from Monroe Electronics.
It includes a low volume, long-life air pump, mechanical and chemical filters, and a supply of tubing.
The pump is fully capable of 24-hour per day operation, thus keeping the probe ready for immediate
use. A purge gas inlet tube supplied with each 1036F probe may be installed in either of two
positions, the choice of which is primarily a matter of convenience in routing of the hose carrying the
purge gas. These consist of tapped holes that exit at 90° to each other near the probe cable. If it is
desired to move the purge tube to the other location, simply switch it with the Allen set screw
plugging the other hole.
Purge the Model 1036E probe through a ¼"-18 NPT tapped hole in the end of the housing near the
cable exit using common plumbing or tubing components.
Gas pressure to either probe type should be sufficient to produce a slight positive flow out of the
probe and in no event should exceed a pressure of ½ psi.
Servicing
General:
It must be emphasized that the critical elements of these probes (gradient cap and sensing
electrode) must be kept free from contaminants, e.g., dust, fumes, mists or any foreign material. The
materials of which these probe elements are made were very carefully chosen to minimize contact
potential. Any foreign matter which will cause relative electrical activity when combined with relative
motion will tend to cause drift and measurement errors.
Therefore, it is recommended that:
Probes be constantly purged even when not in use, if this is practical.
Probes be kept tightly covered when not in use and are not being purged to prevent
contamination. A covering such as a plastic bag or aluminum foil may be used. DO NOT
cover the sensitive aperture with adhesive tape.
Probes be cleaned only to the degree and frequency necessary to achieve the required
stability.
Gradient caps NOT be removed for cleaning unless absolutely essential.
Major cleaning and reconditioning be should performed by the factory.
Cleaning:
The recommended cleaning solvent is instrument grade 70-100% isopropyl alcohol applied with a
suitable soft, lint-free applicator. Use of a non-approved solvent may degrade performance
permanently, requiring factory service.
Outside surfaces of the probe should first be wiped clean with a lint-free wiping tissue saturated in
solvent. Then the interior surfaces should be flushed with solvent, using a plastic squeeze bottle
through the aperture until no dirt or dust may be seen. The probe should then be allowed to drain
and dry thoroughly. A 15-minute bake-out at 75°C is recommended to remove residual solvent.
Disassembly/Assembly, Model 1036E:
In order to rewire the cable terminal block, replace or standardize the probe assembly and, in most
cases, to calibrate Model 1036E, it must first be removed from its housing. This is done by loosening
the four cross point screws around the outer edge of the cover 1-1½ turns each, in turn, several
times while lifting the cover and probe straight out of the housing until it is completely removed. DO
NOT attempt to remove the screws completely one at a time. These four screws have circular
14
"E-rings" installed on them under the cover plate to make the screws captive and prevent their falling
into machinery below.
The probe assembly will need to be removed from the cover plate, for standardizing, calibration, or to
replace the gradient cap. This is done by removing the four cross point screws which secure the
phenolic mounting block to the hex standoffs, leaving the standoffs attached to the cover plate.
To reassemble the probe unit, reverse the above procedure. After the phenolic mounting block has
been re-secured to the four hex standoffs, the probe unit should be inspected to assure that an even
air gap exists completely around the gradient cap between the cap and the cover plate. If not, loosen
the two cross point screws which secure the probe body to the phenolic mounting block, and adjust
the probe body so that it is centered and completely surrounded by an even air gap.
Partially mate the card-edge fingers into the terminal block connector in the housing and tighten the
four outer screws in the cover plate 1-1½ turns at a time until the assembly is secured in the housing.
Standardization:
A simple accurate means of standardizing Model 1036 probes using any channel of the Model 177A
Static Monitor as a test vehicle is given here.
The primary reason for standardization of type 1036 probes is to assure interchangeability of probes.
The procedure is not suggested as routine, but is presented here in the event it becomes necessary
to re-standardize following replacement of a gradient cap or major probe overhaul. It should be
performed only under controlled conditions in a suitably equipped electronics laboratory. Monroe
Electronics recommends that all probe standardization be performed at its facility.
All type 1036 probes are shipped from the factory standardized in a uniform (parallel) electric field
using a fixture similar to that shown in Figure 12. The fixture consists of two flat rigid metal plates,
which are parallel and separated with insulators by a distance "d" of one inch and have side
dimensions of at least 5d (the bigger, the better; within practical limitations). The ground plate has a
hole in its center just large enough to provide clearance around the probe so that the probe does not
make contact with the plate. A calibrating voltage is applied to the gradient plate to establish a
reference field in the volume between the plates. This fixture is available from Monroe Electronics,
Inc. aspart number96102A.
1 03 6 P ro be
A ss e m b ly
Figure 12:StandardizationFixture(P.N. 96102)Setup for 1036 Probes
A Probe Standardization/Test Cable, Model number 1036/22C shown in Figure 13 below is required
to standardize or bench-test type 1036E-X probes. No special cable is required for type 1036F-X
probes.
15
DB9M
Connector
6
7
4
5
2
1
3
8
9
ME P/N
9232278
9230070
7
r
to
6
c
e
n
n
o
2
C
e
g
d
11
E
d
r
a
l/C
5
a
in
m
r
4
e
T
3
1036E Probe Housing
WH
BK
RD
BK
GN
BK
Bulk Cable is Belden 8777
NOTES:
1. Place Teflon tubing over drain wires.
2. Place shrink tubing over shielded pairs.
3. All shields to be isolated from each other.
Connector Parts
Conn. Plug
DB9, Male
Conn. Housing
DB9, Die-cast
Figure 13: 1036E Standardization/Test Cable, Model No. 1036/22C
16
The standardization procedure is as follows:
Set up apparatus as outlined above. Set a precision calibrating voltage source to zero volts.
Set the Model 177A Static Monitor zero control of the selected channel to read a value of
0.000 at its ±10V analog output using a high quality, 4½ digit digital multimeter (DMM).
Apply calibrating source voltage (VHV) shown in Table 2 for the probe model being
standardized.
Adjust the standardization potentiometer in the probe to produce value (V
), as shown in
IND
Table 2, at the analog output of the selected channel using the same DMM as above.
Probe Model Sensitivity VHV V
1036_-3 ±1 kV/cm 2540 V 10.00 V
1036_-4 ±10 kV/cm 2540 V 1.00 V
1036_-5 ±20 kV/cm 2540 V 0.50 V
1036_-6 ±10 kV/in 1000 V 1.000 V
1036_-7 ±1 kV/in 1000 V 10.00 V
IND
Maximum Surface Voltage
Table 2: HV Source and Meter Reading for Probe Standardization
Full Scale Range*
I. Probe II. Probe to Surface
Spacing
20.0 kV 20 kV/cm (-5) 0.4 in 1.0 cm
10 kV/cm (-4) 0.8 in 2.0 cm
10 kV/in (-6) 2.0 in 5.1 cm
1.0 kV/cm (-3) 7.9 in 20 cm
10.0 kV 10 kV/cm (-4) 0.4 in 1.0 cm
10 kV/in (-6) 1.0 in 2.5 cm
1.0 kV/cm (-3) 3.9 in 10 cm.
1.0 kV 1.0 kV/cm (-3) 0.4 in 1.0 cm
Table 2A: Probe Selection/Sensitivity Chart
Intrinsic Safety (IS) Barriers:
Model 1036E and 1036F Electrostatic Fieldmeter Probes meet Factory Mutual Research Corporation
requirements for Class I, Division 1, Groups C and D hazardous locations when installed in
accordance with the appropriate Monroe Electronics, Inc. control drawings. To comply, approved
safety barriers must be used as shown in the drawings. These drawings are included in Appendix B
– Intrinsic Safety Barriers or are available from Monroe Electronics. Copies of the Factory Mutual
Research Corporation report 1Q3A9.AX specific to these probes are also available on request.
inches cm.
*Called “Probe type” in Software
17
Section 7
Typical Setup
1036
Sensor #1
1036
Sensor #2
to a PC or PLC
Master RS-485 /232
Slave/Out
177A Master
RS-232
PC
RS-485
PLC
Analog out
Master Slave In
Slave/Out
Master Slave In
Slave/Out
Figure 14 – Block Diagram of a typical set up
Analog Inputs
Monitoring equipment for voltage levels may be connected to any or all of the for channels via the
BNC connectors located adjacent to each channel probe connector on the rear panel on the
instrument.
Monitoring equipment for current levels may be connected to the optional 4-20mA pcb via screw
terminals located on the rear panel of the instrument.
1036
Sensor #3
1 2 3 4
177A #2 Slave
177A #3 Slave
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
1036
Sensor #4
To 1036
Sensors
5-8
To 1036
Sensors
9-12
18
Front Panel Features
Section 8
OPERATION
Console Switches
Figure 15: Front Panel View
PWR – Switches unit ON or OFF (There is a main power switch on the rear panel that supplies DC
power. The front panel console push button switches the power to the to the unit’s power supply.) If
line power is lost, the 177A will return to operational status when power is restored.
GROUP ENA/DIS - All channels in the group (of four) are enabled on power-up. These channels
may be immediately and simultaneously disabled by pressing the GROUP ENA/DIS button on the
front panel or clicking the GROUP ENA/DIS button on the program monitor screen.
SETUP – Initiates programming via the front panel. Yellow Program LED lights when SETUP button
is pressed and remains lit for duration that instrument is in program mode.
TEST – Initiates testing of all connected and enabled probes. Pressing and holding down the TEST
button causes a shift in the probe reading to the minus direction, the reading should return to normal
when the button is released, indicating a good probe.
ENTER – Press ENTER to accept changes during programming or to perform a function.
EXIT – Press EXIT to escape the changes or exit the program mode.
Console LEDs
POWER – Green LED lights when power is applied to the instrument. A flashing power LED
indicates a problem with the instrument’s power supplies. If this occurs refer to the
Return Policy on page 3 for servicing.
PROGRAM – Yellow LED lights when the SETUP switch is depressed and remains lit until the
program mode is exited. If master/slave units are utilized the program light will pulse
on the master unit which drives probe oscillation. If it is a slave unit the program light
will not be lit.
The program LED does not pulse when the unit is in program mode.
The program light flashes (pulses at a slower rate) when the unit is receiving a
firmware update. If the update is interrupted either, by the user or power failure, the
light will flash and remain flashing until the update is completed successfully.
FP LOCK – Red LED indicates that the front panels controls have been locked. When locked the
front panel buttons do not function except for Power, Setup and Exit. FP lock can be
enabled or disabled via the front panel controls or the pc software supplied.
REMOTE – Lights when the PC program is in use.
19
Rear Panel Relay Connections
Three status LEDs and relays are assigned to each channel. These LEDs and relays are referenced
as OK, WARNING, and ALARM. External monitoring equipment can be connected to these via
screw terminals located on the rear panel of the instrument. Connections are specified in Figure 7
on page 10 and on the instrument’s cover.
Three modes of operation are available:
Alarm Mode - Latching
Under normal operating conditions (i.e. the monitored static level is less than the preset
warning and alarm levels) all three relays are energized initiating a contact closure. The
green or OK status LED is blinking while the yellow or WARNING and red or ALARM status
LEDs are not lit.
When static levels reach the preset Warning level and the preset Alarm Delay has expired
(refer to Program Setup in Section 9 for details) the Warning relay will open and the Warning
LED will light. The OK LED will continue to blink. Whenever the instrument achieves
Warning mode it will stay in that condition until the problem is corrected or the static level
falls to less than the preset warning.
When static levels reach the preset Alarm level and the preset Alarm Delay has expired
(refer to Program Setup in Section 9 for details) the Alarm relay will open and the Alarm LED
will light. The OK LED will continue to blink and the Warning LED remains lit as well.
System Alarm - Upon realization of an alarm condition the System Alarm relay will open.
Upon opening the System button on the Monitor screen on your pc will flash red.
Whenever the instrument achieves Alarm mode it will stay in that condition until the problem
is corrected and the instrument is manually reset by toggling the channel’s ENA/DIS button
on the instrument console or via the pc program provided or by momentarily shorting the
Alarm Reset terminals on the back panel.
Alarm Mode – Non-Latching
Under normal operating conditions (i.e. the monitored static level is less than the preset
warning and alarm levels) all three relays are energized initiating a contact closure. The
green or OK status LED is blinking while the yellow or WARNING and red or ALARM status
LEDs are not lit.
When static levels reach the preset Warning level and the preset Alarm Delay has expired
(refer to Program Setup in Section 9 for details) the Warning relay will open and the Warning
LED will light. The OK LED will continue to blink. Whenever the instrument achieves
Warning mode it will stay in that condition until the problem is corrected or the static level
falls to less than the preset warning level.
When static levels reach the preset Alarm level and the preset Alarm Delay has expired
(refer to Program Setup in Section 9 for details) the Alarm relay will open and the Alarm LED
will light. The OK LED will continue to blink and the Warning LED remains lit as well.
System Alarm - Upon realization of an alarm condition the System Alarm relay will open.
Upon opening the System button on the Monitor screen on your pc will flash red.
Whenever the instrument achieves Alarm mode it will stay it that condition until the static
level falls to less than the preset warning level resetting to normal operation.
Non-Alarm Mode
In non-alarm mode the alarms are disabled, the green or OK remains lit continuously.
Warning and Alarm are not triggered. The instrument continues to monitor static levels
regardless of operating conditions.
20
Channel Switches
ENA/DIS – Toggles the channel status between Disable / Enable / Alarm
ZERO – Press and release the ZERO button to zero the channel. Display will return to pre-set zero
level. The channel display to the immediate right of the channel display being zeroed will count
down the pre-set zero time out. (For Channel 4 the channel display immediately to the left will count
down the zero time out.) If zero level is reached within the pre-set time the channel display will read
don for “done.” If the zero level is not reached within the pre-set time the display will read err for
“error.”
Auto-Zero – Press and release the Zero button (< 1sec)
Manual Zero – Press and hold the zero button then push the up or down arrow buttons to
adjust the zero reading
Channel LEDs
Green (left) LED – Lights and remains lit when a probe is connected and the channel is enabled
(Non-Alarm mode). Lights and flashes when a probe is connected and the channel alarm is enabled.
(Alram Mode: Latching and non-latching.) LED remains flashing even as the Yellow, Warning and
Red, Alarm LEDs light during warning and alarm conditions.
Yellow (center) LED – Lights when the pre-set voltage warning level is reached. Remains lit until
voltage level drops below warning level (non-latching) or until the condition corrected and the
channel is reset (Latching).
Red (right) LED - Lights when the pre-set voltage alarm level is reached. Remains lit until voltage
level drops below warning level (non-latching) or until the condition corrected and the channel is
reset (Latching).
177A Relay and LED Functions
Initially all Ok, warning, alarm relays are closed (shorted or activated). The Ok LED is on; warning
and alarm LEDs are off.
Channel Ok relay is open (the green LED off) when:
The channel is enabled and has no probe.
The channel is disabled.
Channel Warning relay is open (the ember LED on) when:
The channel is enabled and the reading is on or above the warning level.
Channel Alarm relay is open (the red LED on) when:
The channel is enabled and has no probe.
The channel is enable and the reading is on or above the alarm level.
If the unit is in alarm latching mode and the reading comes back down, the relay will not close
until the [Ena/Dis] or [GRP] button is depressed.
System relay is normally closed. It is open when:
One or more of the alarm relay is open.
One or more of the enabled channel has no probe.
Power supplies have failed.
Power LED:
On when the unit is powered up. Slow blink if power supply has failed.
21
Program LED:
Normally off. It is on when doing front panel setup.
Pulses on when the unit is a master. See section on master/slave operation in the User
Manual.Note: if USB cable A & B are connected to the same unit, oscillator is disabled.
FP Lock LED:
Normally off. On when the front panel is locked.
When the front panel is locked, only the [Setup] and arrow buttons work. You can unlock the unit, or
browse the program setup but cannot change it.
Master/Slave out & Slave in:
Purpose
These connections provide synchronization of the probe modulators on multiple 177A’s.
When probes are attached to common mountings from multiple 177A’s they can interact and
cause zero shifts and low frequency oscillations without synchronization of the modulators.
Setup
Master/Slave out and Slave in connectors are provided on each 177A. The Master/Slave out
either generates or passes through reference signal for synchronization. Multiple units can be
daisy chained as shown in Fig 14, on page 17.. The Slave in connector accepts the Reference
and forces the modulator to be synchronized with the other 177A’s. Standard USB cables with
Type A/B connectors are used for interconnects. These are supplied with the 177As.
Note. These connectors are NOT USB Ports
Remote LED
Normally off. Blinks when serial port is receiving.
22
Section 9
177A Software
Connecting the instrument to a PC (via RS232 serial port)
Connect the 177A to your PC using the DB9-M/F straight through cable in your accessories. Plug
the male end of the cable into the RS-485/232 receptacle on the rear of the instrument. Plug the
female end of the cable into the appropriate connector on your PC.
Connecting via RS485
Refer to Appendix III for RS-485 connections details.
Installing the Software
Insert the supplied disk into the appropriate drive. A Launch program should automatically begin
running. Follow the instructions for the desired action. (i.e. to install the software click the
Installation button.) If the Launch program does not automatically start refer to the following
instructions:
Click on Start on your task bar and then select Run –
Type the appropriate drive letter for the disk and “Install-177A-105.exe”
(i.e. - a:\ Install-177A-105.exe) on the disk and follow the subsequent instructions.
Upon completion, the program icon will be displayed in a window. Click on and drag
the icon to your desktop to place a short cut there. Close the window.
Programming via PC
The software included with the 177A is designed to program, monitor and test the instrument via RS232 or RS-485 connections using the toolbar on the program’s main screen.
Connect – Select the appropriate comport and baud rate to be used for the monitor from the
drop-down menus. The baud rate should reflect the current Windows setting for this
comport.
Program Setup – Permits enable/disable of alarms; setting of warning and alarm levels; full
scale; alarm delay; auto zero time and level; and decimal position. Four user-defined
programs are available which can be set up and stored. The instrument is set to P0, the
default setup program. P1 – P4 are initialized to the default settings, resetting these four
programs is accomplished via the ME177A program.
From the Program Setup drop-down menu:
Click on Read Setup from 177A to select program 1 – 4, or retrieve the
active program.
Click on Open Program on disk to retrieve a program (*.prg) from a file.
Upon retrieving a program the following window will open:
23
Fromthe Filedrop-down menu:
SelectOpento retrievea storedprogramfileneme.prg
SelectSave to savea program
SelectRestoreDefaultstorestore the default settingsto allchannels
Click on Getto selectprogram 1 -4, orretrieve the active program
EditChannel-Eachchannel hasitsown alarmandwarninglevels, full-scale settinganddecimalsetting.Theauto zerotime outandlevelare the same
forall4 channels.
Disable Disables the channel display (three dashes across display)
Enable Enables the channel display
Alarm Enables the channel and alarm
flashing)
(display is active with green LED lit)
(display is active with green LED
Full-scale Sets the full scale range for the channel display. Default is 1000v.
Alarm Level – When value exceeds this setting the alarm, if set,
will activate. Default is 9000v.
Warning Level - When value exceeds this setting the alarm, if set, will activate. Default is 500v.
24
Note: Alarm level must be greater than the Warning level. Full
scale setting must be greater than or equal to the alarm levels.
Alarm Delay – Delay time for the alarm/warning relay to open after
the value exceeds the set level. Default is 0 seconds. Setting an
alarm delay can prevent erroneous alarms.
Auto zero – Time and Level – When the Zero button is pressed
auto-zero begins. If the channel reading reaches the level within
the time period, the process stops and shows done. If it times out
without reaching the level, it will show error and exit out of the autozero process. Default time for Auto-Zero time is 20 seconds.
Default for Auto-Zero level is 3v.
After editing a program you may save it to your hard drive or send it
to the 177A as it’s active program. First exit the Edit Channel
window by clicking on O.K., then from the Store drop-down menu:
Click on Active Program or Program 1, 2, 3, or 4 to store your
program into permanent memory. If program 1, 2, 3, or 4 is set as
your active program those changes will also be applied.
Hardware Config – Permits selection of the station (unit) number,
system type, active program, probe type, outputs, serial port, and baud
rate.
Station Number – Each 177A should be assigned a unique number for
identification, especially when more then one unit is connected to the
RS-485 bus. Station numbers may range from 1 to 255.
Active Program – Selects the program P0 (default) or P1 – P4 to be
activated.
System Type – Selects the alarm mode for the instrument
Non-Alarm – Alarms are disabled
Alarm Latching – When the probe reading exceeds the alarm level the
alarm relay latches causing the alarm LED for that channel to light.
Alarm remains in latched or in Alarm mode until the corresponding
channel ENA/DIS button is pressed on the instrument’s front panel, reset
from the PC or by external reset connection.
Alarm Unlatching - When the probe reading exceeds the alarm level the
alarm relay latches causing the alarm LED for that channel to light.
25
Monitor
The monitor screen enables you to observe the 177A console in real time. It reads data
from the 177A console and updates the screen at approximately 3 times per second. The
top half of the Monitor screen mimics the instrument’s front panel, while the bottom half of
the Monitor screen displays the active program from the 177A.
From the Monitor drop-down menu select Monitor, the following window will open:
Use the pc mouse to activate the instrument controls via the monitor screen.
Alarm remains in latched or in Alarm mode until the probe reading falls
back under the alarm level at which point the relay unlatches.
Probe Type – Must be set from the front panel set-up mode. Please
refer to the Front Panel Programming Tree included on your disk.
Output Voltage - Click in a specific channel’s probe type box to set the
output voltage to either 0-5V or 10V.
Serial Type – Set serial connection type: RS-232 RS-485Half, or RS485Full. If RS-485Full is selected and there are more then two units
connected, the RS-485 Terminator should be enabled on the first and
last units on the bus. Note: If the serial configuration is not properly
set up the instrument will lock up. If this happens turn off the unit,
disconnect the plug, reset the firmware to the correct type, restart
and reconfigure the software.
Baud Rate – Set the appropriate baud rate for your system. Should be
the setting used under “Connect.”
Group ENA/DIS – All channels in the group (of four) are enabled on power-up.
These channels may be immediately and simultaneously
disabled by pressing the GROUP ENA/DIS button on the
front panel or clicking the GROUP ENA/DIS button on the
program monitor screen.
Test Button – Tests the probe. Click on and hold causing an output and
display shift in the minus direction. Release the button, the
reading will return to normal if the probe is functioning properly.
On Line – Click on to set the instrument for continuous monitoring
Off Line – Click off to end continuous monitoring
26
Ena/Dis – Toggles channel status Disable / Enable / Alarm for the corresponding channel
Zero – Initiates Auto Zeroing for the corresponding channel
Auto Zero Exit – Stops ongoing auto zeroing
FP Lock – Click on the button on the monitor screen or select FP
From the Front panel drop-down menu:
Lock/Unlock – Select to toggle the front panel between lock / unlock. Red
LED indicates that the front panels controls have been locked.
When locked the front panel buttons do not function except for
Power, Setup and Exit. FP lock can be enabled or disabled
via the front panel controls or the pc software supplied.
Alarm/Non-Alarm –Select to set the Alarm mode. In Alarm mode channels
can be set to enable / disable / alarm. In Non-Alarm
mode channels can be set to enable / disable only.
System Diagnostic – Indicates if a system error exists. Select to test the
system. If the System icon is blinking it may be due to
one or more of the following:
A channel is enabled, the alarm is set but no probe is connected.
Fix: Disable the channel or connect a probe to the channel.
A channel, with its alarm activated, has reached the alarm level.
Fix: When the level has returned to its normal range toggle the
channel’s ENA/DIS button to clear the alarm.
System power supply is below normal. Check power supply.
Change Password – Select to change the password. Enter the default
password (Default password is 1 9 5 3 ) as prompted.
Enter the new password as prompted. Upon
completion, the system will confirm the password
change if accepted.
Diagnostic
From the Monitor drop-down menu select Diagnostic, the following window will open:
27
Selecting this window from the MONITOR drop-down menu on the main
screen permits reading and writing to the front panel displays, LEDs, and
exercising the system relay contacts. Before using this feature, the 177A
must be connected and set to Group-Disable to permit control of these
items. This feature is helpful in testing all external relay contact wiring to
external devices.
To turn an LED or relay contact on or off or to obtain it’s status, click on the
appropriate box on the Set LED/Relay grid, then click the On, Off, or Read
button. Remember that the relay contacts are set to be “fail safe” meaning
that when conditions are O.K. in normal operation, these contacts are
closed. They will then open under caution or alarm conditions or system
failures. See Figure 8, on page 10, for examples of connecting external
devices.
To read a register (channel display), select the channel in the Channel
Display box in the right of the Diagnostic window, and then click the Read
button. The selected channel display data is shown in the window below the
channel display pull-down.
Numerical or text data can be written to any channel display by first selecting
the channel in the Channel Display pull-down in the right of the Diagnostic
window, entering the data to be written in the boxes below and then clicking
the Write Number or Write Text button.
Display decimal points can be checked by using the Set Decimal box.
Select the decimal position to be written and then click the Set Decimal
button. The display should show the correct decimal point with associated
zeros. This only checks the functionality of the decimal point and does not
alter the setting used in the Edit Channel screen of the Program Setup.
Any settings written to the unit during diagnostic checks are automatically
canceled when the unit is cycled back to Group Enable.
The Read / Write commands use MODBUS protocol. The addresses for the
relays, LEDs, and displays are listed below and in the Coil Address Table in
the
help menu of the Read / Write Coils window.