CAUTION : READ BEFORE ATTEMPTING INSTALLATION, OPERATION
OR MAINTENANCE OF THIS EQUIPMENT
1-1 INTRODUCTION
This equipment is intended for ultimate
applicat ion by commercial/indus trial
users and for operation by persons
trained and experienced in the use and
maintenance of welding equipment.
Operation should not be undertaken
without adequate training in the use of
such equipment. Training is available
from many public and private schools or
similar facilities.
Safe practices in the installation, operation and maintenance of this equipment
requires proper training in the art, a
careful study of the information provided
with the equipment , and the use of
common sense. Rules for safe use
are generally provided by suppliers of
welding power sources, compressed
gas suppliers, and electrode suppliers.
Careful compliance with these rules will
promote safe use of this equipment.
The following Safety Rules cover some
of the more generally found situations.
READ THEM CAREFULLY. In case of
any doubt, obtain qualied help before
proceeding.
1-2 GENERAL PRECAUTIONS
A. Burn Prevention
ELECTRIC ARC WELDING PRODUCES
HIGH INTENSITY HEAT AND ULTRAVIOLET RADIANT ENERGY WHICH
MAY CAUSE SERIOUS AND PERMANENT EYE DAMAGE AND WHICH
MAY DAMAGE ANY EXPOSED SKIN
AREAS.
Wear helmet with safety goggles or
glasses with side shields underneath,
appropriate lter lenses or plates (protected by clear cover glass). This is a
must for welding or cutting (and chipping)
to protect the eyes from radiant energy
and ying metal. Replace cover glass
when broken, pitted, or spattered.
Medical rst aid and eye treatment. First
aid facilities and a qualified first aid
person should be available for each shift
unless medical facilities are close by for
immediate treatment of ash burns of
the eyes and skin burns.
Wear protective clothing - leather (or
asbestos) gauntlet gloves, hat, and high
safety-toe shoes. Button shirt collar and
pocket aps, and wear cufess trousers
to avoid entry of sparks and slag.
Avoid oily or greasy clothing. A spark
may ignite them.
Flammable hair preparations should not
be used by persons intending to weld
or cut.
Hot metal such as electrode stubs and work
pieces should never be handled without
gloves.
Ear plugs should be worn when working
on overhead or in a conned space. A
hard hat should be worn when others work
overhead.
B. Toxic Fume Prevention
WARNING: The use of this product may
result in exposure to chemicals known
to the State of California to cause cancer
and birth defects or other reproductive
harm.
Adequate ventilation. Severe discomfort,
illness or death can result from fumes,
vapors, heat, or oxygen enrichment or
depletion that welding (or cutting) may
produce. Prevent them with adequate
ventilation. NEVER ventilate with oxygen.
Lead-, cadmium-, zinc-, mercury-, beryllium-bearing and similar materials, when
welded or cut, may produce harmful concentrations of toxic fumes. Adequate local
exhaust ventilation must be used, or each
person in the area, as well as the operator,
must wear an air-supplied respirator. For
beryllium, both must be used.
Metals coated with or containing materials
that emit toxic fumes should not be heated
unless coating is removed form the work
surface, the area is well ventilated, or the
operator wears an air-supplied respirator.
Work in a conned space only while it is
being ventilated and, if necessary, while
wearing an air-supplied respirator.
Gas leaks in a conned space should be
avoided. Leaked gas in large quantities can
change oxygen concentration dangerously.
Do not bring gas cylinders into a conned
space.
Leaving confined space, shut OFF gas
supply at source to prevent possible accumulation of gases in the space if downstream valves have been accidentally
opened or left open. Check to be sure that
the space is safe before reentering it.
Vapors from chlorinated solvents can be
decomposed by the heat of the arc (or
ame) to form PHOSGENE, a highly toxic
gas, and other lung and eye irritating prod-
ucts. The ultraviolet (radiant) energy of the
arc can also decompose trichloroethylene
and perchloro et hy lene vapors to form
phosgene. DO NOT WELD or cut where
solvent vapor s can be drawn into the
welding or cutting atmosphere or where
the radiant energy can penetrate to atmospheres containing even minute amounts of
trichloroethylene or perchloroethylene.
C. Fire and Explosion Prevention
Causes of re and explosion are: com-
bustibles reached by the arc, flame,
ying sparks, hot slag, or heated material, misuse of compressed gases and
cylinders, and short circuits.
BE AWARE THAT ying sparks or falling
slag can pass through cracks, along
pipes, through windows or doors, and
through wall or oor openings, out of
sight of the goggled operator. Sparks
can y many feet.
To prevent res and explosion:
Keep equipment clean and operable,
free of oil, grease, and (in electrical
parts) of metallic particles that can cause
short circuits.
If combustibles are in area, do NOT weld
or cut. Move the work if practicable,
to an area free of combustibles. Avoid
paint spray rooms, dip tanks, storage
areas, ventilators. If the work cannot
be moved, move combustibles at least
35 feet away, out of reach of sparks and
heat; or protect against ignition with
suitable and snug-tting, re-resistant
covers or shields.
Walls touching combustibles on opposite
sides should not be welded on (or cut).
Walls, ceil in gs , and floor near work
should be protected by heat-resistant
covers or shields.
Fire watcher must be standing by with
suitable fire extinguishing equipment
during and for some time after welding
or cutting if:
1. Appreciable combustibles (including
building construction) are within 35 feet.
2. Appreciable combustibles are further
than 35 feet, but can be ign it ed by
sparks.
3. Openings (concealed or visible) in
oors or walls within 35 feet may expose
combustibles to sparks.
4. Combustibles adjacent to walls, ceilings, roofs, or metal partitions can be
ignited by radiant or conducted heat.
Hot work permit should be obtained
before operation to ensure supervisor’s
approval that adequate precautions have
been taken.
After work is done, check that area is
free of sparks, glowing embers, and
ames.
An empty container that held combus-
tibles, or that can produce ammable or
toxic vapors when heated, must never
be welded on or cut, unless container
has rst been cleaned in accordance
with industry standards.
This includ es: a thoro ugh stea m or
caustic cleaning (or a solvent of water
washing, depending on the combustible’s
solubility), followed by purging and inerting with nitrogen or carbon dioxide, and
using protective equipment.
Water-lling just below working level may
substitute for inerting.
A cont ainer with unknow n cont ents
sh oul d be clea ned (see para gra ph
above). Do NOT depend on sense of
smell or sight to determine if it is safe
to weld or cut.
Hollow castings or containers must be
vented before welding or cutting. They
can explode.
Explosive atmospheres. NEVER weld or
cut where the air may contain ammable
dust, gas, or liquid vap ors (such as
gasoline).
D. Compressed Gas Equipment
The safe handling of compressed gas
equipme nt is detailed in numer ous
industry publications. The following
general rules cover many of the most
common situations.
1. Pressure Regulators
Regulator relief valve is designed to
protect only the regulator from overpressure; it is not intended to protect
any downstream equipment. Provide
such protection with one or more relief
devices.
Never connect a regulator to a cylinder
containing gas other than that for which
the regulator was designed.
Remove faulty regulator from service
immediately for repair (rst close cylinder
valve). The following symptoms indicate
a faulty regulator:
Leaks - if gas leaks externally.
Excessive Creep - if delivery pressure
continues to rise with downstream valve
closed.
Faulty Gauge - if gauge pointer does
not move off stop pin when pressurized,
nor returns to stop pin after pressure
release.
Repair. Do NOT attempt repair. Send
faulty regulators for repair to manufacturer’s designated repair center, where
special techniques and tools are used
by trained personnel.
2. Cylinders
Cylinders must be handled carefully to
prevent leaks and damage to their walls,
valves, or safety devices:
Avoid electr ical circui t cont act with
cylinders including third rails, electrical
wires, or welding circuits. They can
produced short circuit arcs that may lead
to a serious accident. (See 1-3C)
ICC or DOT marking must be on each
cylinder. It is an assurance of safety
when the cylinder is properly handled.
Identifying gas content. Use only cylinders with name of gas marked on them;
do not rel y on colo r to iden ti fy gas
content. Notify supplier if unmarked.
NEVER DEFACE or alter name, number,
or other markings on a cylinder. It is illegal
and hazardous.
Empties: Keep valves closed, replace caps
securely; mark MT; keep them separate
from FULLS, and return promptly.
Prohibited use. Never use a cylinder or its
contents for other than its intended use,
NEVER as a support or roller.
Locate or secure cylinders so they cannot
be knocked over.
Passageways and work areas. Keep cylinders clear of areas where they may be
stuck.
Transporting cylinders. With a crane, use
a secure support such as a platform or
cradle. Do NOT lift cylinders off the ground
by their valves or caps, or by chains, slings,
or magnets.
Do NOT expose cylinders to excessive
heat, sparks, slag, and ame, etc. that may
cause rupture. Do not allow contents to
exceed 55 degrees C (130 degrees F.)
Cool with water spray where such exposure
exists.
Protect cylinders, particularly valves from
bumps, falls, falling objects, and weather.
Replace caps securely when moving cylinders.
Stuck valve. Do NOT use a hammer or
wrench to open a cylinder valve that cannot
be opened by hand. Notify your supplier.
Mixing gases. NEVER try to mix any gases
in a cylinder.
NEVER rell any cylinder.
Cylinder ttings should never be modied
or exchanged.
3. Hose
Prohibited use. Never use hose other
than that designed for the specied gas.
A general hose identication rule is: red
for fuel gas, green for oxygen, and black
for inert gases.
Use ferrules or clamps designed for the
hose (not ordinary wire or other substitute)
as a binding to connect hoses to ttings.
No copper tubing splices. Use only stan-
dard brass ttings to splice hose.
Avoid long runs to prevent kinks and abuse.
Suspend hose off ground to keep it from
being run over, stepped on, or otherwise
damaged.
Coil excess hose to prevent kinks and
tangles.
Protect hose from damage by sharp edges,
and by sparks, slag, and open ame.
Examine hose regularly for leaks, wear, and
loose connections. Immerse pressured
hose in water; bubbles indicate leaks
Repair leaky or worn hose by cutting area
out and splicing. Do NOT use tape.
4. Proper Connections
Clean cylinder valve outlet of impurities that
may clog orices and damage seats before
connecting regulator. Except for hydrogen,
crack valve momentarily, pointing outlet
away from people and sources of ignition.
Wipe with a clean, lintless cloth.
Mat ch regulator to cylinder. Before
connecting, check that the regulator label
and cylinder marking agree, and that the
regulator inlet and cylinder outlet match.
NEVER Connect a regulator designed
for a particular gas or gases to a cylinder
containing any other gas.
Tighten connections. When assembling
threaded connections, clean and smooth
seats where necessary. Tighten. If
connection leaks, disassemble, clean,
and retight en, usin g properly fitt in g
wrench.
Adapters. Use a CGA adapter (available
from your supplier) between cylinder
and regulator, if one is required. Use
two wrenches to tighten adapter marked
RIGHT and LEFT HAND threads.
Regulator outlet (or hose) connections
may be identied by right hand threads
for oxygen and left hand threads (with
grooved hex on nut or shank) for fuel
gas.
5. Pressurizing Steps:
Drain regulator of residual gas through
suitable vent before opening cylinder
(or manifold valve) by turning adjusting
screw in (clockwise). Draining prevents
excessiv e compression heat at high
pressure seat by allowing seat to open
on pres su rization. Le ave adjustin g
screw engaged slightly on single-stage
regulators.
Stand to side of regulator while opening
cylinder valve.
Open cylinder valve slowly so that regulator pressure increases slowly. When
gauge is pressurized (gauge reaches
regulator maximum) leave cylinder valve
in following position: for oxygen and inert
gases, open fully to seal stem against
possible leak; for fuel gas, open to less
than one turn to permit quick emergency
shut-off.
Use pressure charts (available from
your supplier) for safe and efficient
recomm en ded pres sure set ti ngs on
regulators.
Check for leaks on rst pressurization
and regularly thereafter. Brush with
soap solution. Bubbles indicate leaks.
Clean off soapy water after test; dried
soap is combustible.
E. User Responsibilities
Follow all Safety Rules.
Remove leaky or defective equipment
from service immediately for repair. Read
and follow user manual instructions.
F. Leav i n g Equip m e n t Unat tended
Close gas supply at source and drain
gas.
G. Rope Staging-Support
Rope staging-support shou ld not be
used for welding or cutting operation;
rope may burn.
1-3 ARC WELDING
Comply with precautions in 1-1, 1-2,
and this section. Arc Welding, properly
done, is a safe process, but a careless
operator invites trouble. The equipment
carries high currents at signicant voltages. The arc is very bright and hot.
Sparks y, fumes rise, ultraviolet and
infrared energy rad iates, wel dments
are hot, and compressed gases may
be used. Th e wise opera tor avoids
unnecessary risks and protects himself
and others from accidents.
A. Burn Protection
Comply with precautions in 1-2.
The welding arc is intense and visibly
bright. Its radiation can damage eyes,
penetrate lightweight clothing, reflect
from light-colored surfaces, and burn
the skin and eyes. Skin burns resemble
acute sunburn; those from gas-shielded
arcs are more severe and painful. DON’T
GET BURNED; COMPLY WITH PRECAUTIONS.
1. Protective Clothing
Wear long-sleeve clothing in addition to
gloves, hat, and shoes. As necessary,
use additional protective clothing such
as leather jacket or sleeves, ameproof
apron, and re-resistant leggings. Avoid
outer garments of untreated cotton.
Bare skin protection. Wear dark, substantial clothing. Button collar to protect
chest and neck, and button pockets to
prevent entry of sparks.
2. Eye and Head Protection
Protect eyes from exposure to arc. Eyes
may be damaged by radiant energ y
when exposed to the electric arc, even
when not looking in the direction of the
arc. Never look at an electric arc without
protection.
Welding helmet or shield containing a
lter plate shade no. 12 or denser must
be used when welding. Place over face
before striking arc.
Protect filter plate with a clear cover
plate.
Cra ck ed or broken helmet or shield
should NOT be worn; radiation can be
passed through to cause burns.
Cracked, broken, or loose lter plates
mus t b e replaced IM M E D I AT E LY.
Replace clear cover plate when broken,
pitted, or spattered.
Flash goggles with side shields MUST
be worn under the helmet to give some
protection to the eyes should the helmet
not be lowered over the face before
an arc is struck. Looking at an arc
mome nta rily with unp rotec ted eyes
(particularly a high intensity gas-shielded
arc) can cause a retinal burn that may
leave a permanent dark area in the eld
of vision.
3. Protection of Nearby Personnel
Enclose the welding area. For production
welding, a separate room or enclosed
bay is best. In open areas, surround the
operation with low-reective, noncombustible screens or panels. Allow for free
air circulation, particularly at oor level.
Viewing the weld. Provide face shields for
all persons who will be looking directly
at the weld.
Others working in area. See that all persons
are wearing ash goggles.
Before starting to weld, make sure that
screen aps or bay doors are closed.
B. Toxic Fume Prevention
Comply with precautions in 1-2B.
Generator engine exhaust must be vented
to the outside air. Carbon monoxide can
kill.
C. Fire and Explosion Prevention
Comply with precautions in 1-2C.
Equipment’s rated capacity. Do not overload
arc welding equipment. It may overheat
cables and cause a re.
Loose cable connections may overheat or
ash and cause are.
Never strike an arc on a cylinder or other
pressure vessel. It creates a brittle area that
can cause a violent rupture or lead to such
a rupture later under rough handling.
D. Compressed Gas Equipment
Comply with precautions in 1-2D.
E. Shock Prevention
Exposed electrically hot conductors or
other bare metal in the welding circuit, or in
ungrounded, electrically-HOT
equipment can fat al ly shock a person
whose body becomes a conductor. DO
NOT STAND, SIT, LIE, LEAN ON, OR
TOUCH a wet surface when welding without
suitable protection.
To protect against shock:
Keep body and clothing dry. Never work
in damp area without adequate insulation
against electrical shock. Stay on a dry
duckboard, or rubber mat when dampness
or sweat cannot be avoided. Sweat, sea
water, or moi sture betw een body and
an electrically HOT part - or grounded
metal - reduces the body surface electrical resistance, enabling dangerous and
possibly lethal currents to flow through
the body.
1. Grounding the Equipment
When installing, connect the frames of
each unit such as welding power source,
control, work table, and water circulator to
the building ground. Conductors must be
adequate to carry ground currents safely.
Equipment made electrically HOT by stray
currents may shock, possibly fatally. Do
NOT GROUND to electrical conduit, or to
a pipe carrying ANY gas or a ammable
liquid such as oil or fuel.
Three-phase connection. Check phase
requirement of equipment before installing.
If only three-phase power is available,
connect single-phase equipment to only
two wires of the three-phase line. Do NOT
connect the equipment ground lead to
the third (live) wire, or the equipment will
become electrically HOT - a dangerous
condition that can shock, possibly fatally.
Before welding, check ground for continuity. Be sure conductors are touching
bare metal of equipment frames at connections.
If a line cord with a ground lead is
provided with the equipment for connection to a switch box, connect the ground
lead to the grounded switch box. If a
three-prong plug is added for connection
to a grounded mating receptacle, the
ground lead must be connected to the
ground prong only. If the line cord comes
with a three-prong plug, connect to a
grounded mating receptacle. Never
remove the ground prong from a plug, or
use a plug with a broken ground prong.
2. Connectors
Fully insulated lock-type connectors
should be used to join welding cable
lengths.
3. Cables
Frequent ly inspect cables for wear,
cracks, and damage. IMMEDIATELY
REPLACE those with excessively worn
or damaged insulation to avoid possibly
lethal shock from bared cable. Cables
with damaged areas may be taped to
give resistance equivalent to original
cable.
Keep cable dry, free of oil and grease,
an d prote c ted fro m hot met a l and
sparks.
4. Term i nal s and Other Expo sed
Parts
Terminals and other exposed parts of
electrical units should have insulating
covers secured before operation.
5. Electrode Wire
Electrode wire becomes electrically HOT
when the power switch of gas metal-arc
welding equipment is ON and welding
gun trigger is pressed. Keep hands
and body clear of wire and other HOT
parts.
6. Safety Devices
Safety devices such as interlocks and
circuit breakers should not be disconnected or shunted out.
Before installation, inspection, or service
of equipment, shut OFF all power, and
remove line fuses (or lock or red-tag
switches) to prevent accidental turning
ON of power. Disconnect all cables from
welding power source, and pull all 115
volts line-cord plugs.
Do not open power circuit or change
polarity while welding. If, in an emergency, it must be disconnected, guard
against shock burns or ash from switch
arcing.
Leaving equipment unattended. Always
shut OFF, and disconnect all power to
equipment.
Power disconnect switch must be available near the welding power source.
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