RouterBOARD 411
User's Manual
Rev. A (31-Jan-2008)
Copyright
Copyright © 2003-2008 MikroTikls SIA. This manual contains information protected by copyright law. No
part of it may be reproduced or transmitted in any form without prior written permission from the copyright
holder.
Trademarks
RouterBOARD, RouterOS, RouterBOOT and MikroTik are trademarks of MikroTikls SIA. All trademarks and
registered trademarks appearing in this manual are the property of their respective holders.
Limited Warranty
Hardware. MikroTikls SIA warrants all RouterBOARD 411 series equipment for the term of one year from
the shipping date to be free of defects in materials and workmanship under normal use and service. All parts
will be repaired or replaced with similar or functionally equivalent parts by MikroTikls SIA during the
warranty term, except in case the returned parts have mechanical, electrical or other accidental or intended
damages caused by improper use or due to wind, rain, fire or other acts of nature.
Parts (or systems) must be shipped pre-paid to our facility in Riga, Latvia. All items must have a Return
Material Authorization (RMA) which you can get by contacting us via email, telephone or fax. RMA must be
printed, signed, and enclosed with the shipment, also the RMA number must be written on the package
itself. Parts sent without following the proper procedure will be treated as those not to be repaired or
replaced due to the above mentioned conditions. Items proved to be free of defects in our lab will be
returned to the customer at the customer's expense. Those that do meet the warranty repair requirements
will be repaired or replaced, and returned to the customer's location at our expense, extending the warranty
term for the time the items are being shipped to and from our facility and replaced or repaired.
Manual. This manual is provided “as is” without a warranty of any kind, expressed or implied, including, but
not limited to, the implied warranty of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. The manufacturer
has made every effort to ensure the accuracy of the contents of this manual, however, it is possible that it
may contain technical inaccuracies, typographical or other errors. No liability is assumed for any inaccuracy
found in this publication, nor for direct or indirect, incidental, consequential or other damages that may
result from such an inaccuracy, including, but not limited to, loss of data or profits. Please report any
inaccuracies found to docs@mikrotik.com.
RouterBOARD 411 Series User's Manual
Table of Contents
Copyright....................................................................................................................................... 1
Trademarks.................................................................................................................................... 1
Limited Warranty.............................................................................................................................1
System Board View......................................................................................................................... 3
System Board Layout.......................................................................................................................3
Specifications................................................................................................................................. 4
Hardware Guide.............................................................................................................................. 4
Memory and Storage Devices................................................................................................... 4
Onboard Memory........................................................................................................... 4
Onboard NAND Storage Device........................................................................................ 4
Extension Slots...................................................................................................................... 4
MiniPCI Slots................................................................................................................. 4
Input/Output Ports..................................................................................................................4
LAN1 Port with PoE.........................................................................................................4
DB9 Serial Port.............................................................................................................. 5
LEDs............................................................................................................................ 5
Power LED.................................................................................................................... 5
User LED...................................................................................................................... 5
Status LEDs.................................................................................................................. 5
User's Guide................................................................................................................................... 5
Assembling the Hardware........................................................................................................ 5
Powering...................................................................................................................... 5
Booting options...................................................................................................................... 5
Onboard NAND Storage Device........................................................................................ 6
Booting from network..................................................................................................... 6
RouterBOOT...........................................................................................................................6
Boot Loader Configuration........................................................................................................6
Configurable Options...................................................................................................... 7
Boot Loader Upgrading............................................................................................................ 7
Appendix....................................................................................................................................... 7
Serial Null-modem (Console) Cable with Loopback.......................................................................7
Connector Index..................................................................................................................... 8
Button Index..........................................................................................................................8
Ethernet Cables...................................................................................................................... 8
RouterBOARD 411 dimensions................................................................................................ 11
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RouterBOARD 411 Series User's Manual
System Board View
RB411:
Top view Bottom view
System Board Layout
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RouterBOARD 411 Series User's Manual
Specifications
RouterBOARD 411
CPU MIPS24k based, Atheros AR7130 300MHz CPU
Memory 32MB SDRAM onboard memory
Boot loader RouterBOOT
Data storage 64MB onboard NAND memory chip
Ethernet One 10/100 Mbit/s Fast Ethernet ports supporting Auto-MDI/X
MiniPCI slot One MiniPCI Type IIIA/IIIB slot
Serial port One DB9 RS232C asynchronous serial port
LEDs Power and User LED, 5 status LEDs
Speaker Mini PC-Speaker
Power options
Power over Ethernet: 12..28V DC (except power over datalines)
Power jack: 9..28V DC
Dimensions 105mm x 105mm
Weight 115 g (4.06 oz)
Temperature Operational: -20°C to +65°C (-4°F to 149°F)
Humidity Operational: up to 70% relative humidity (non-condensing)
Power consumption 3-4W without extension cards, maximum – 14W
Hardware Guide
Memory and Storage Devices
Onboard Memory
The board is equipped with 32 MB DDR onboard memory.
Onboard NAND Storage Device
The boards are equipped with one 64MB NAND nonvolatile memory chip.
Extension Slots
MiniPCI Slots
The board has one MiniPCI Type IIIA slot with 3.3V only power signaling. It also accepts MiniPCI Type IIIB
standard cards. The board has been tested to operate with high power cards if ambient temperature and
adequate cooling is ensured.
NOTE: that RB400 series currently does not support Senao 8602 cards, Atheros AR5211 or older chipset and
Prism chipset based cards. Wireless compression is not supported on RB400 series devices.
Supplied power for the extension cards (excluding CPU and onboard Ethernet ports):
+3.3V: 3.3A max
Input/Output Ports
LAN1 Port with PoE
This Fast Ethernet port is recognized as the first LAN interface. It is compatible with passive (non-standard)
Power over Ethernet. The board accepts voltage input from 12 to 28 V DC. It is suggested to use higher
voltages for power over long cables because of better efficiency (less power is lost in the cable itself and
power supply is more efficient).
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RouterBOARD 411 Series User's Manual
See Connector Index for pinout of the standard cable required for PoE. All cables made to EIA/TIA 568A/B
cable specifications will work correctly with PoE. Note that this port supports automatic cross/straight cable
correction (Auto MDI/X), so you can use either straight or cross-over cable for connecting to other devices.
DB9 Serial Port
The RS232C standard male DB9 asynchronous serial port may be used for initial configuration, or for
attaching a modem or any other RS232 serial device. TxD (pin 3) of this port has -5V DC power when idle.
RTS and DTR signals are not connected. Note that the device does not fully implement the hardware (RTS/
CTS) flow control, so it is suggested to try to disable hardware flow control in the terminal emulation
program in case the serial console does not work as expected, and if it does not help, make a new cable
using the pinout given in the User's manual.
LEDs
Power LED
Power LED is on when the board is powered.
User LED
User LED may be programmed at user's option. It is lit by default when the board starts up, then it is turned
off when the bootloader runs kernel.
Status LEDs
Five LEDs (LD 501-505) may be used to show bootup activity, wireless signals, and user programmed
values.
User's Guide
Assembling the Hardware
First to use the board:
● Insert MiniPCI cards and connect antenna wires, if needed;
● Install the board in a case;
● Connect other peripherals and cables.
Powering
Power options:
● J801 power jack:
10..28V DC (supports overvoltage protection)
● Power over Ethernet (PoE) on the J602 LAN1 Ethernet port:
10..28V DC (18..28 V suggested) non-standard PoE powering support
The board has a direct-input power jack J801 (5.5mm outside and 2mm inside diameter, female, pin
positive plug) and can as well be powered with PoE. All power inputs are always active, but only one should
be used at the same time.
RouterBOARD 411 is equipped with a reliable 14W onboard power supply with overvoltage protection. 9..28
V DC input voltages are accepted, but when powered over long cables, it is suggested to use at least 18V.
The system is tested with 24V solar/wind/RV systems with 27.6 charge voltage. Overvoltage protection
starts from about 28V (up to 100V), so the board will not be damaged if connected to a 48V or 60V power
line.
RouterBOARD 411 series boards are compatible with non-standard (passive) Power over Ethernet injectors
(except power over datalines) and accept powering over up to 100m (330 ft) long Ethernet cable connected
to the Ethernet port (J602). The board does not work with IEEE802.3af compliant 48V power injectors.
The maximum output of the power supply to the extension cards is normally at about 3.3A
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RouterBOARD 411 Series User's Manual
Booting options
First, RouterBOOT loader is started. It displays some useful information on the onboard RS232C
asynchronous serial port, which is set to 115200bit/s, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit, no parity by default. The loader
may be configured to boot the system from the onboard NAND module or from Ethernet network. See the
respective section of this manual for how to configure booting sequence and other boot loader parameters.
Onboard NAND Storage Device
The RouterBOARD may be started from the onboard NAND storage chip. As there is no partition table on the
device, the boot loader assumes the first 4MiB form a YAFFS filesystem, and executes the file called “kernel”
stored in the root directory on that partition.
Booting from network
Network boot works similarly to PXE or EtherBoot protocol, and allows you to boot a RouterBOARD 411
series computer from an executable image stored on a TFTP server. It uses BOOTP or DHCP (configurable in
boot loader) protocol to get a valid IP address, and TFTP protocol to download an executable (ELF) kernel
image combined with the initial RAM disk (inserted as an ELF section) to boot from (the TFTP server's IP
address and the image name must be sent by the BOOTP/DHCP server).
To boot the RouterBOARD computer from Ethernet network you need the following:
● An ELF kernel image for the loader to boot from (you can embed the kernel parameters and initrd
image as ELF sections called kernparm and initrd respectively)
● A TFTP server which to download the image from
● A BOOTP/DHCP server (may be installed on the same machine as the TFTP server) to give an IP
address, TFTP server address and boot image name
See the RouterBOOT section on how to configure loader to boot from network.
Note that you must connect the RouterBOARD you want to boot, and the BOOTP/DHCP and TFTP servers to
the same broadcast domain (i.e., there must not be any routers between them).
RouterBOOT
The RouterBOOT firmware (also referred as “boot loader” here) provides minimal functionality to boot an
Operating System. It supports serial console via the onboard serial port at the boot time. The loader
supports booting from the onboard NAND device and from a network server (see the respective section for
details on this protocol).
Boot Loader Configuration
Loader parameters may be configured through the onboard RS232C DB9 asynchronous serial interface. To
connect to it, use a standard null-modem cable. By default, the port is set to 115200bit/s, 8 data bits, 1 stop
bit, no parity. Note that the device does not fully implement the hardware (RTS/CTS) flow control, so it is
suggested to try to disable hardware flow control in the terminal emulation program in case the serial
console does not work as expected, and if it does not help, make a new cable using the pinout given in the
Appendix.
To enter the loader configuration screen, press any key (or only [Delete] key (or [Backspace] key – see the
note for the respective configurable option), depending on the actual configuration) just after the loader is
asking for it:
RouterBOOT booter 2.12
RouterBoard 411
CPU frequency: 300 MHz
Memory size: 32 MB
Press any key within 2 seconds to enter setup
RouterBOOT-2.12
What do you want to configure?
d - boot delay
k - boot key
s - serial console
o - boot device
u - cpu mode
r - reset configuration
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RouterBOARD 411 Series User's Manual
e - format nand
g - upgrade firmware
i - board info
p - boot protocol
t - do memory testing
x - exit setup
your choice:
To select a menu point, press the indicated key. Pressing [Enter] selects the option marked with '*'.
Configurable Options
boot delay – how much time to wait for a key stroke while booting (1..9 seconds; 2 second by default).
boot key – which key will cause the loader to enter configuration mode during boot delay (any key |
<Delete> key only; any key by default). Note that in some serial terminal programs, it is impossible to use
the [Delete] key to enter the setup – in this case it might be possible to do this with the [Backspace] key.
serial console – to configure initial serial console bitrate (1200 | 2400 | 4800 | 9600 | 19200 | 38400 |
57600 | 115200; 115200 bps by default).
boot device – initial boot device (boot over Ethernet | boot from NAND | boot Ethernet once, then NAND;
boot from NAND by default). You can also select boot chosen device option to boot from the device
selected immediately, without saving the setting.
cpu mode – whether to enter CPU suspend mode on WAIT instruction (power save | regular; power save
by default). Most OSs use WAIT instruction during CPU idle cycle. When CPU is in suspend mode, it
consumes less power, but in low-temperature conditions (below 0°C) it is recommended to choose regular
mode, so that overall system temperature would be higher.
reset configuration – whether to reset all the boot loader settings to their respective default values
(yes | no; no by default).
format nand – perform a low-level NAND format. During this operation, all previously marked bad sectors
are retested to find out if they are faulty indeed.
upgrade firmware – receive a new boot loader image using XModem protocol over serial line or using
DHCP/BOOTP and TFTP protocols through the Ethernet network (upgrade firmware over ethernet | upgrade
firmware over serial port).
board info – prints the serial number, boot loader version, CPU frequency, memory size and MAC addresses
of the onboard Ethernet ports
boot protocol – network booting protocol (bootp protocol | dhcp protocol; bootp protocol by default).
do memory testing – performs a full memory test.
Boot Loader Upgrading
The boot loader is needed to initialize all the hardware and boot the system up. Newer loader versions might
have support for more hardware, so it's generally a good idea to upgrade the loader once a newer version is
available. You can upgrade the loader through the onboard serial port using XModem protocol (programs
available for all major OSs). For example, you can use HyperTerminal for Windows or Minicom for Linux to
upload the boot loader. Alternatively if you have a DHCP/BOOTP and TFTP servers available, you can specify
the loader image as a boot image and choose the bios upgrade over ethernet option in the boot loader
configuration menu. The loader will get the image from the TFTP server and upgrade itself. The most current
loader image is available for download on www.routerboard.com.
The boot loader upgrading is supported also from MikroTik RouterOS. The procedure is described in the
MikroTik RouterOS manual.
Appendix
Serial Null-modem (Console) Cable with Loopback
DB9f Function DB9f DB25f
1 + 4 + 6 CD + DTR + DSR 1 + 4 + 6 6 + 8 + 20
2 RxD 3 2
3 TxD 2 3
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RouterBOARD 411 Series User's Manual
DB9f Function DB9f DB25f
5 GND 5 7
7 + 8 RTS + CTS 7 + 8 4 + 5
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RouterBOARD 411 Series User's Manual
Connector Index
J401 MiniPCI Type type IIIA/B connector
J301 RS232C male DB9 serial port
1 DCD (Data Carrier Detect)
2 RxD (Receive Data)
3 TxD (Transmit Data)
5 GND
6 DSR (Data Set Ready)
8 CTS (Clear to Send)
J602 RJ45 Fast Ethernet 100Base-TX port LAN1 with passive PoE extension
1 Data TX+
2 Data TX-
3 Data RX+
4
5
6
7
8
PoE power +
PoE power +
Data RX-
PoE power -
PoE power -
J801 Power jack (9..28 V DC, positive contact is the central pin)
Button Index
S301 Software reset button
Ethernet Cables
RJ45
Pin
Color Function RJ45 pin for Straight
cable
(MDI, EIA/TIA568A)
RJ45 pin for Crossover
cable
(MDI-X, EIA/TIA568B)
1 Green TX+ Data 1 3
2 Green/White TX- Data 2 6
3 Orange RX+ Data 3 1
4 Blue - 4 4
5 Blue/White - 5 5
6 Orange/White RX- Data 6 2
7 Brown - 7 7
8 Brown/White - 8 8
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