MICROCHIP PIC16C925, PIC16C926 Technical data
PIC16C925/926
Data Sheet
64/68-Pin CMOS Microcontrollers
with LCD Driver
2001 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS39544A
“All rights reserved. Copyright © 2001, Microchip Technology
Incorporated, USA. Information contained in this publication
regarding device applications and the like is intended through
suggestion only and may be superseded by updates. No representation or warranty is given and no liability is assumed by
Microchip Technology Incorporated with respect to the accuracy or use of such information, or infringement of patents or
other intellectual property rights arising from such use or otherwise. Use of Microchip’s products as critical components in
life support systems is not authorized except with express
written approval by Microchip. No licenses are conveyed,
implicitly or otherwise, under any intellectual property rights.
The Microchip logo and name are registered trademarks of
Microchip Technology Inc. in the U.S.A. and other countries.
All rights reserved. All other trademarks mentioned herein are
the property of their respective companies. No licenses are
conveyed, implicitly or otherwise, under any intellectual property rights.”
Trademarks
The Microchip name, logo, PIC, PICmicro, PICMASTER, PICSTART, PRO MATE, K
EELOQ, SEEVAL, MPLAB and The
Embedded Control Solutions Company are registered trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. and
other countries.
Total Endurance, ICSP, In-Circuit Serial Programming, FilterLab, MXDEV, microID, FlexROM, fuzzyLAB, MPASM,
MPLINK, MPLIB, PICDEM, ICEPIC, Migratable Memory,
FanSense, ECONOMONITOR, SelectMode and microPort
are trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the
U.S.A.
Serialized Quick T erm Programming (SQTP) is a service mark
of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A.
All other trademarks mentioned herein are property of their
respective companies.
© 2001, Microchip Technology Incorporated, Printed in the
U.S.A., All Rights Reserved.
Microchip received QS-9000 quality system
certification for its worldwide headquarters,
design and wafer fabrication facilities in
Chandler and Tempe, Arizona in July 1999. The
Company’s quality system processes and
procedures are QS-9000 compliant for its
PICmicro
devices, Serial EEPROMs and microperipheral
products. In addition, Microchip’s quality
system for the design and manufacture of
development systems is ISO 9001 certified.
®
8-bit MCUs, KEELOQ
®
code hoppin g
DS39544A - page ii Preliminary 2001 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16C925/926
64/68-Pin CMOS Microcontrollers with LCD Driver
High Performance RISC CPU:
• Only 35 single word instructions to learn
• All single cycle instructions except for program
branches which are two-cycle
• Operating speed: DC - 20 MHz clock input
DC - 200 ns instruction cycle
• Up to 8K x 14-bit words of EPROM program memory,
336 bytes general purpose registe r s (SRA M),
60 special function registers
• Pinout compatible with PIC16C923/924
Peripheral Features:
• 25 I/O pins with individual direction control and
25-27 input only pins
• Timer0 module: 8-bit timer/counter with program-
mable 8-bit prescaler
• Timer1 module: 16-bit timer/counte r, can be incre-
mented during SLEEP via external cryst al/clo ck
• Timer2 module: 8-bit timer/counter with 8-bit
period register, prescaler, and postscaler
• One Capture, Compare, PWM module
• Synchronous Serial Port (SSP) module with
two modes of operation:
- 3-wire SPI™ (supports all 4 SPI modes)
2
C™ Slave mode
-I
• Programmable LCD timing module:
- Multiple LCD timing sources available
- Can drive LCD panel while in SLEEP mode
- Static, 1/2, 1/3, 1/4 multiplex
- Static drive and 1/3 bias capability
- 16 bytes of dedicated LCD RAM
- Up to 32 segments, up to 4 commons
Analog Features:
• 10-bit 5-channel Analog -to-Digital Converter (A/D)
• Brown-out Reset (BOR)
Special Microcontroller Features:
• Power-on Reset (POR)
• Power-up Timer (PWRT) and Oscillator Start-up
Timer (OST)
• Watchdog Timer (WDT) with its own on-chip RC
oscillator for reliable operation
• Programmable code protection
• Selectable oscilla tor opti ons
• In-Circuit Serial Programming™ (ICSP™) via
two pins
• Processor read access to program memo ry
CMOS Technology:
• Low power, high speed CMOS/EPROM
technology
• Fully static design
• Wide operating voltage range: 2.5V to 5.5V
• Commercial and Industrial temperature ranges
• Low power consumption
Common Segment Pixels
13232
23162
33090
429116
2001 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS39544A-page 1
PIC16C925/926
Pin Diagrams
PLCC, CLCC
REF-
/VPP
SS
RA3/AN3/VREF+
RA1/AN1
RA0/AN0
RB2
RB3
MCLR
N/C
RB4
RB5
RB7
RB6
VDDCOM0
RD7/SEG31/COM1
RA2/AN2/V
V
RD6/SEG30/COM2
RA4/T0CKI
RA5/AN4/SS
RC3/SCK/SCL
RC4/SDI/SDA
OSC1/CLKIN
OSC2/CLKOUT
RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI
RB1
RB0/INT
RC5/SDO
C1
C2
LCD2
V
LCD3
V
VDD
A
VDD
VSS
987654321
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
2728293031323334353637383940414243
RC1/T1OSI
PIC16C92X
LCD1
V
VLCDADJ
RC2/CCP1
RD0/SEG00
RD1/SEG01
68676665646362
RE7/SEG27
RD2/SEG02
RD3/SEG03
RD4/SEG04
RE0/SEG05
RE1/SEG06
RE2/SEG07
RE3/SEG08
RE4/SEG09
RE5/SEG10
61
60
59
58
57
56
55
54
53
52
51
50
49
48
47
46
45
44
RE6/SEG11
RD5/SEG29/COM3
RG6/SEG26
RG5/SEG25
RG4/SEG24
RG3/SEG23
RG2/SEG22
RG1/SEG21
RG0/SEG20
RG7/SEG28
RF7/SEG19
RF6/SEG18
RF5/SEG17
RF4/SEG16
RF3/SEG15
RF2/SEG14
RF1/SEG13
RF0/SEG12
LEGEND:
Input Pin
Output Pin
Input/Output Pin
Digital Input/LCD Output Pin
LCD Output Pin
DS39544A-page 2 Preliminary 2001 Microchip Technology Inc.
Pin Diagrams (Continued)
TQFP
PIC16C925/926
REF-
RA4/T0CKI
RA5/AN4/SS
RC3/SCK/SCL
RC4/SDI/SDA
OSC1/CLKIN
OSC2/CLKOUT
RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI
RB1
RB0/INT
RC5/SDO
C1
C2
LCD2
V
LCD3
V
V
DD
VSS
SS
RA3/AN3/VREF+
RA1/AN1
RA2/AN2/V
V
646362616059585756555453525150
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
171819202122232425262728293031
MCLR/VPP
RA0/AN0
RB2
RB4
RB5
RB3
RB7
PIC16C92X
DD
COM0
V
RD7/SEG31/COM1
RB6
RD6/SEG30/COM2
49
48
47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
RD5/SEG29/COM3
RG6/SEG26
RG5/SEG25
RG4/SEG24
RG3/SEG23
RG2/SEG22
RG1/SEG21
RG0/SEG20
RF7/SEG19
RF6/SEG18
RF5/SEG17
RF4/SEG16
RF3/SEG15
RF2/SEG14
RF1/SEG13
RF0/SEG12
LCD1
V
VLCDADJ
RC2/CCP1
RC1/T1OSI
LEGEND:
Input Pin
Output Pin
Input/Output Pin
Digital Input/LCD Output Pin
LCD Output Pin
2001 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS39544A-page 3
RD0/SEG00
RD1/SEG01
RE0/SEG05
RE1/SEG06
RE2/SEG07
RE3/SEG08
RE4/SEG09
RE6/SEG11
RD2/SEG02
RD3/SEG03
RD4/SEG04
RE5/SEG10
PIC16C925/926
Table of Contents
1.0 Device Overview ...................................................................................................................................................5
2.0 Memory Organization ..........................................................................................................................................11
3.0 Reading Program Memory.................................................................................................................................. 27
4.0 I/O Ports ..............................................................................................................................................................29
5.0 Timer0 Module ....................................................................................................................................................41
6.0 Timer1 Module ....................................................................................................................................................47
7.0 Timer2 Module ....................................................................................................................................................51
8.0 Capture/Compare/PWM (CCP) Module ..............................................................................................................53
9.0 Synchronous Serial Port (SSP) Module ..............................................................................................................59
10.0 Analog-to-Digital Converter (A/D) Module ...........................................................................................................75
11.0 LCD Module ........................................................................................................................................................83
12.0 Special Features of the CPU............................................................................................................................... 97
13.0 Instruction Set Summary ...................................................................................................................................113
14.0 Development Support .......................... ...... ..... ........................................ ..... ...... ...... .........................................133
15.0 Electrical Characteristics ...................................................................................................................................139
16.0 DC and AC Characteristics Graphs and Tables ................................................................................................159
17.0 Packaging Information ......................................................................................................................................161
Appendix A: Revision History.................................................................................................................................... 167
Appendix B: Device Differences ............................................................................................................................... 167
Appendix C: Conversion Considerations .................................................................................................................. 168
Index .......................................................................................................................................................................... 169
On-Line Support......................................................................................................................................................... 175
Reader Response...................................................................................................................................................... 176
PIC16C925/926 Product Identifica tio n Syst em........................................... ....................................... ........................ 177
TO OUR VALUED CUSTOMERS
It is our intention to provide our valued customers with the best documentation possible to ensure successful use of your Microchip
products. To this end, we will continue to improve our publications to better suit your needs. Our publications will be refined and
enhanced as new volumes and updates are introduced.
If you have any questions or c omm ents regarding th is publication, p lease c ontact the M a rketing Communications Department via
E-mail at docerrors@mail.microchip.com or fax the Reader Response Form in the back of this data sheet to (480) 792-4150.
We welcome your feedback.
Most Current Data Sheet
To obtain the most up-to-date version of this data sheet, please register at our Worldwide Web site at:
http://www.microchip.com
You can determine the version of a data sheet by examining its literature number found on the bottom outside corner of any page.
The last character of the literature number is the version number, (e.g., DS30000A is version A of document DS30000).
Errata
An errata sheet, describing minor operational differences from the data sheet and recommended workarounds, may exist for current
devices. As device/documentation issues become known to us, we will publish an errata sheet. The errata will specify the revision
of silicon and revision of document to which it applies.
To determine if an errata sheet exists for a particular device, please check with one of the following:
• Microchip’s Worldwide Web site; http://www.microchip.com
• Your local Microchip sales office (see last page)
• The Microchip Corporate Literature Center; U.S. FAX: (480) 792-7277
When contacting a sales office or the literature center, please specify which device, revision of silicon and data sheet (include literature number) you are using.
Customer Notification System
Register on our web site at www.microchip.com/cn to receive the most current information on all of our products.
DS39544A-page 4 Preliminary 2001 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16C925/926
1.0 DEVICE OVERVIEW
This document cont a ins dev ice -sp ec ifi c info rm ation for
the following devices:
1. PIC16C925
2. PIC16C926
The PIC16C925/926 series is a family of low cost, high
performanc e, CM OS , f u ll y stati c, 8 -b it m ic roc o nt ro ll ers
with an integrated LCD Driver module, in the
PIC16CXXX mid-range family.
For the PIC16C925/926 family, there are two device
“types” as indicated in the device number:
1. C, as in PIC16C926. These devices operate
over the standard voltage range.
2. LC, as in PIC16LC926. These devices operate
over an extended volta ge rang e.
TABLE 1-1: PIC16C925/926 DEVICE FEATURES
Features PIC16C925 PIC16C926
Operating Frequency DC-20 MHz DC-20 MHz
EPROM Program Memory (words) 4K 8K
Data Memory (bytes) 176 336
Timer Module(s) TMR0,TMR1,TMR2 TMR0,TMR1,TMR2
Capture/Compa re/PW M Mo dul e(s ) 1 1
Serial Port(s)
2
C, USART)
(SPI/I
Parallel Slave Port ——
A/D Converter (10-bit) Channels 5 5
LCD Module 4 Com, 32 Seg 4 Com, 32 Seg
Interrupt Sources 9 9
I/O Pins 25 25
Input Pins 27 27
Voltage Range (V) 2.5-5.5 2.5-5.5
In-Circuit Serial Programming Yes Yes
Brown-out Reset Yes Yes
Packages
68-pin CLCC (CERQUAD)
These devices c ome in 64-pin and 68-pin p ackages, as
well as die form. Both configurations offer identical
peripheral devices and other features. The only difference between the PIC16C925 and PIC16C926 is the
additional EPROM and data memory offered in the latter. An overview of features is presented in Table 1-1.
A UV-erasab le, CERQUAD package d version (compa tible with PLCC) is also available for both the
PIC16C925 and PIC16C926. This version is ideal for
cost effective code development.
A block diagram for the PIC16C925/926 family architecture is presented in Figure 1-1.
2
C SPI/I2C
SPI/I
64-pin TQFP
68-pin PLCC
Die
64-pin TQFP
68-pin PLCC
68-pin CLCC (CERQUAD)
Die
2001 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS39544A-page 5
PIC16C925/926
FIGURE 1-1: PIC16C925/926 BLOCK DIAGRAM
Program
Bus
OSC1/CLKIN
OSC2/CLKOUT
EPROM
Program
Memory
14
Instruction reg
Instruction
Decode &
Control
Timing
Generation
13
Program Counter
8 Level Stack
Direct Addr
8
Power-up
Oscillator
Start-up Timer
Power-on
Watchdog
MCLR
(13-bit)
Timer
Reset
Timer
V
DD, VSS
RAM Addr
7
8
Data Bus
RAM
File
Registers
Addr MUX
FSR reg
STATUS reg
3
ALU
W reg
9
MUX
Indirect
8
8
Addr
PORTA
PORTB
PORTC
PORTD
PORTE
RA0/AN0
RA1/AN1
RA2/AN2
RA3/AN3/VREF
RA4/T0CKI
RA5/AN4/SS
RB0/INT
RB1-RB7
RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI
RC1/T1OSI
RC2/CCP1
RC3/SCK/SCL
RC4/SDI/SDA
RC5/SDO
RD0-RD4/SEGnn
RD5-RD7/SEGnn/COMn
Timer0
A/D
Synchronous
Serial Port
Timer1, Timer2,
CCP1
LCD
PORTF
PORTG
RE0-RE7/SEGnn
RF0-RF7/SEGnn
RG0-RG7/SEGnn
COM0
VLCD1
VLCD2
VLCD3
C1
C2
VLCDADJ
DS39544A-page 6 Preliminary 2001 Microchip Technology Inc.
TABLE 1-2: PIC16C925/926 PINOUT DESCRIPTION
PIC16C925/926
PLCC,
Pin Name
OSC1/CLKIN 24 14 I ST/CMOS Oscillator crystal input or external clock source input. This
OSC2/CLKOUT 25 15 O — Oscillator crystal output. Connects to crystal or resonator in
/VPP 2 57 I/P ST Master Clear (Reset) input or programming voltage input. This
MCLR
RA0/AN0 5 60 I/O TTL RA0 can also be Analog input0.
RA1/AN1 6 61 I/O TTL RA1 can also be Analog input1.
RA2/AN2 8 63 I/O TTL RA2 can also be Analog input2.
RA3/AN3/V
RA4/T0CKI 10 1 I/O ST RA4 can also be the clock input to the Timer0
RA5/AN4/SS
RB0/INT 13 4 I/O TTL/ST RB0 can also be the external interrupt pin. This buffer is a
RB1 12 3 I/O TTL
RB2 4 59 I/O TTL
RB3 3 58 I/O TTL
RB4 68 56 I/O TTL Interrupt-on-change pin.
RB5 67 55 I/O TTL Interrupt-on-change pin.
RB6 65 53 I/O TTL/ST Interrupt-on-change pin. Serial programming clock. This
RB7 66 54 I/O TTL/ST Interrupt-on-change pin. Serial programming data. This
RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI 26 16 I/O ST RC0 can also be the Timer1 oscillator output or Timer1
RC1/T1OSI 27 17 I/O ST RC1 can also be the Timer1 oscillator input.
RC2/CCP1 28 18 I/O ST RC2 can also be the Capture1 input/Compare1
RC3/SCK/SCL 14 5 I/O ST RC3 can also be the synchronous serial clock input/
RC4/SDI/SDA 15 6 I/O ST RC4 can also be the SPI Data In (SPI mode) or
RC5/SDO 16 7 I/O ST RC5 can also be the SPI Data Out (SPI mode).
C1 17 8 P LCD Voltage Generation.
C2 18 9 P LCD Voltage Generation.
COM0 63 51 L Comm on Driver0.
Legend: I = input O = output P = power L = LCD Driver
REF 9 64 I/O TTL RA3 can also be Analog input3 or A/D Voltage
— = Not used TTL = TTL input ST = Schmitt Trigger input
CLCC
Pin#
11 2 I/O TTL RA5 can be the slave select for the synchronous serial port
TQFP
Pin#
Pin
Type
Buffer
Type
Description
buffer is a Schmitt Trigger input when configured in RC
oscillator mode and a CMOS input otherwise.
crystal oscillator mode. In RC mode, OSC2 pin outputs
CLKOUT, which has 1/4 the frequency of OSC1 and denotes
the instruction cycle rate.
pin is an active low RESET to the device.
PORTA is a bi-directional I/O port.
Reference.
timer/counter. Output is open drain type.
or Analog input4.
PORTB is a bi-directional I/O port. PORTB can be software
programmed for internal weak pull-ups on all inputs.
Schmitt Trigger input when configured as an
external interrupt.
buffer is a Schmitt Trigger input when used in Serial
Programming mode.
buffer is a Schmitt Trigger input when used in Serial
Programming mode.
PORTC is a bi-directional I/O port.
clock input.
output/PWM1 output.
2
output for both SPI and I
2
data I/O (I
C mode).
C modes.
2001 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS39544A-page 7
PIC16C925/926
TABLE 1-2: PIC16C925/926 PINOUT DESCRIPTION (CONTINUED)
Pin Name
RD0/SEG00 31 21 I/O/L ST Segment Driver 00/Digital input/output.
RD1/SEG01 32 22 I/O/L ST Segment Driver 01/Digital input/output.
RD2/SEG02 33 23 I/O/L ST Segment Driver 02/Digital input/output.
RD3/SEG03 34 24 I/O/L ST Segment Driver 03/Digital input/output.
RD4/SEG04 35 25 I/O/L ST Segment Driver04/Digital input/output.
RD5/SEG29/COM3 60 48 I/L ST Segment Driver29/Common Driver 3/Digital input.
RD6/SEG30/COM2 61 49 I/L ST Segment Driver30/Common Driver 2/Digital input.
RD7/SEG31/COM1 62 50 I/L ST Segment Driver31/Common Driver 1/Digital input.
RE0/SEG05 37 26 I/L ST Segment Driver 05.
RE1/SEG06 38 27 I/L ST Segment Driver 06.
RE2/SEG07 39 28 I/L ST Segment Driver 07.
RE3/SEG08 40 29 I/L ST Segment Driver 08.
RE4/SEG09 41 30 I/L ST Segment Driver 09.
RE5/SEG10 42 31 I/L ST Segment Driver 10.
RE6/SEG11 43 32 I/L ST Segment Driver 11.
RE7/SEG27 36 - I/L ST Segment Driver 27 (not available on 64-pin devices).
RF0/SEG12 44 33 I/L ST Segm ent Driver 12.
RF1/SEG13 45 34 I/L ST Segm ent Driver 13.
RF2/SEG14 46 35 I/L ST Segm ent Driver 14.
RF3/SEG15 47 36 I/L ST Segm ent Driver 15.
RF4/SEG16 48 37 I/L ST Segm ent Driver 16.
RF5/SEG17 49 38 I/L ST Segm ent Driver 17.
RF6/SEG18 50 39 I/L ST Segm ent Driver 18.
RF7/SEG19 51 40 I/L ST Segm ent Driver 19.
RG0/SEG20 53 41 I/L ST Segment Driver 20.
RG1/SEG21 54 42 I/L ST Segment Driver 21.
RG2/SEG22 55 43 I/L ST Segment Driver 22.
RG3/SEG23 56 44 I/L ST Segment Driver 23.
RG4/SEG24 57 45 I/L ST Segment Driver 24.
RG5/SEG25 58 46 I/L ST Segment Driver 25.
RG6/SEG26 59 47 I/L ST Segment Driver 26.
RG7/SEG28 52 — I/L ST Segment Driver 28 (not available on 64-pin devices).
VLCDADJ 30 20 P — LCD Voltage Generation.
VDD 21 — P — Analog Power (PLCC and CLCC packages only).
A
LCD12919P— LCD Voltage.
V
LCD21910P— LCD Voltage.
V
V
LCD32011P— LCD Voltage.
DD 22, 64 12, 52 P — Digital power.
V
SS 7, 23 13, 62 P — Ground reference.
V
NC 1 —— — These pins are not internally connected. These pins should be
Legend: I = input O = output P = power L = LCD Driver
— = Not used TTL = TTL input ST = Schmitt Trigger input
PLCC,
CLCC
Pin#
TQFP
Pin#
Pin
Type
Buffer
Type
Description
PORTD is a digital input/output port. These pins are also used
as LCD Segment and/or Common Drivers.
PORTE is a Digital input or LCD Segment Driver port.
PORTF is a Digital input or LCD Segment Driver port.
PORTG is a Digital input or LCD Segment Driver port.
left unconnected.
DS39544A-page 8 Preliminary 2001 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16C925/926
1.1 Clocking Scheme/Instruction
Cycle
The clock input (from OSC1) is internally divided by
four to generate four non-overlapping quadrature
clocks, namely Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4. Internally, the program counter (PC) is incremented every Q1, the
instruction is fetched from the program memory and
latched into the instruction register in Q4. The instruction is decoded and executed during the following Q1
through Q4. The clocks and instruction execution flow
are shown in Figure1-2.
FIGURE 1-2: CLOCK/INSTRUCTION CYCLE
Q2 Q3 Q4
OSC1
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
PC
OSC2/CLKOUT
(RC mode)
Q1
PC PC+1 PC+2
Fetch INST (PC)
Execute INST (PC-1) Fetch INST (PC+1)
Q1
Execute INST (PC) Fetch INST (PC+2)
1.2 Instruction Flow/Pipelining
An “Instruction Cycle” consists of four Q cycles (Q1,
Q2, Q3 and Q4). The instruc tio n fetch and execute are
pipelined, such that fetch takes one instruction cycle,
while decode and execute takes another instruction
cycle. However, due to the pipelining, each instruction
effectively executes in one cycle. If an instruction
causes the program counter to change (e.g. GOTO),
then two cycles are req uired to c omplete the ins truction
(Example 1-1).
A fetch cycle begins with the program counter (PC)
incrementing in Q1.
In the execution cy cle, the fetch ed instruction i s latched
into the “Instruction Register” in cycle Q1. This instruction is then decoded and executed during the Q2, Q3,
and Q4 cycles. Data memory is read during Q2 (operand read) and written during Q4 (destination write).
Q2 Q3 Q4
Q2 Q3 Q4
Q1
Execute INST (PC+1)
Internal
Phase
Clock
EXAMPLE 1-1: INSTRUCTION PIPELINE FLOW
TCY0TCY1TCY2TCY3TCY4TCY5
1. MOVLW 55h
2. MOVWF PORTB
3. CALL SUB_1
4. BSF PORTA, BIT3 (Forced NOP)
5. Instruction @ address SUB_1
All instructions are s ingle cycle, exce pt for any program br anches. These t ake two cycl es, since the fetch in struction
is “flushed” from the pipeline while the new instruction is being fetched and then executed.
2001 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS39544A-page 9
Fetch 1 Execute 1
Fetch 2 Execute 2
Fetch 3 Execute 3
Fetch 4 Flush
Fetch SUB_1 Execute SUB_1
PIC16C925/926
NOTES:
DS39544A-page 10 Preliminary 2001 Microchip Technology Inc.
2.0 MEMORY ORGANIZATION
2.1 Program Memory Organization
The PIC16C925/926 family has a 13-bit program
counter capable of addressing an 8K x 14 program
memory space.
For the PIC16C925, only the first 4K x 14 (0000h0FFFh) are physically implemented. Accessing a location above the physically implemented addresses will
cause a wraparound. The RESET vector is at 0000h
and the interrupt vector is at 0004h.
PIC16C925/926
FIGURE 2-1: PROGRAM MEMORY MAP
AND STACK FOR
PIC16C925
PC<12:0>
CALL, RETURN
RETFIE, RETLW
On-chip
Program
Memory
Stack Level 1
Stack Level 2
Stack Level 8
RESET Vector
Interrupt Vector
Page 0
Page 1
Reads
0000h-0FFFh
ID Locations
Reserved
Configuration Word
Reserved
13
0000h
0004h
0005h
07FFh
0800h
0FFFh
1000h
1FFFh
2000h
2003h
2004h
2007h
3FFFh
FIGURE 2-2: PROGRAM MEMORY MAP
AND STACK FOR
PIC16C926
PC<12:0>
CALL, RETURN
RETFIE, RETLW
On-chip
Program
Memory
Stack Level 1
St ac k Lev el 2
Stac k Lev el 8
RESET Vector
Interru pt Vector
Page 0
Page 1
Page 2
Page 3
ID Locations
Reserved
Configuration Wo rd
Reserved
13
0000h
0004h
0005h
07FFh
0800h
0FFFh
1000h
17FFh
1800h
1FFFh
2000h
2003h
2004h
2007h
3FFFh
2001 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS39544A-page 11
PIC16C925/926
2.2 Data Memory Organization
The data memory is partitioned into four banks which
contain the General Purpose Reg isters a nd the Special
Function Registers. Bits RP1 and RP0 are the bank
select bits.
RP1:RP0
(STATUS<6:5>)
11
10
01
00
The lower locations of each Bank are reserved for the
Special Function Registers. Above the Special Function Registers are General Purpose Registers implemented as static RAM. All four banks contain special
function registers. Some “high use” special function
registers are mirrored in other banks for code reduc tion
and quicker access.
Bank
3 (180h-1FFh)
2 (100h-17Fh)
1 (80h-FFh)
0 (00h-7Fh )
2.2.1 GENERAL PURPOSE REGISTER FILE
The register file can be acces sed either directly, or indirectly through the File Select Register FSR
(Section 2.6).
The following General Purp ose Register s are not physically implemented:
• F0h-FFh of Bank 1
• 170h-17Fh of Bank 2
• 1F0h-1FFh of Bank 3
These locations are used for common access across
banks.
DS39544A-page 12 Preliminary 2001 Microchip Technology Inc.
FIGURE 2-3: REGISTER FILE MAP — PIC16C925
PIC16C925/926
Indirect addr.(*)
TMR0
PCL
STATUS
FSR
PORTA
PORTB
PORTC
PORTD
PORTE
PCLATH
INTCON
PIR1
TMR1L
TMR1H
T1CON
TMR2
T2CON
SSPBUF
SSPCON
CCPR1L
CCPR1H
CCP1CON
ADRESH
ADCON0
File
Address
00h
01h
02h
03h
04h
05h
06h
07h
08h
09h
0Ah
0Bh
0Ch
0Dh
0Eh
0Fh
10h
11h
12h
13h
14h
15h
16h
17h
18h
19h
1Ah
1Bh
1Ch
1Dh
1Eh
1Fh
20h
Indirect addr.(*)
OPTION
PCL
STATUS
FSR
TRISA
TRISB
TRISC
TRISD
TRISE
PCLATH
INTCON
PIE1
PCON
PR2
SSPADD
SSPSTAT
ADRESL
ADCON1
File
Address
80h
81h
82h
83h
84h
85h
86h
87h
88h
89h
8Ah
8Bh
8Ch
8Dh
8Eh
8Fh
90h
91h
92h
93h
94h
95h
96h
97h
98h
99h
9Ah
9Bh
9Ch
9Dh
9Eh
9Fh
A0h
Indirect addr.(*)
TMR0
PCL
STATUS
FSR
PORTB
PORTF
PORTG
PCLATH
INTCON
PMCON1
LCDSE
LCDPS
LCDCON
LCDD00
LCDD01
LCDD02
LCDD03
LCDD04
LCDD05
LCDD06
LCDD07
LCDD08
LCDD09
LCDD10
LCDD11
LCDD12
LCDD13
LCDD14
LCDD15
File
Address
100h
101h
102h
103h
104h
105h
106h
107h
108h
109h
10Ah
10Bh
10Ch
10Dh
10Eh
10Fh
110h
111h
112h
113h
114h
115h
116h
117h
118h
119h
11Ah
11Bh
11Ch
11Dh
11Eh
11Fh
120h
Indirect addr.(*)
OPTION
PCL
STATUS
FSR
TRISB
TRISF
TRISG
PCLATH
INTCON
PMDATA
PMADR
PMDATH
PMADRH
File
Address
180h
181h
182h
183h
184h
185h
186h
187h
188h
189h
18Ah
18Bh
18Ch
18Dh
18Eh
18Fh
190h
191h
192h
193h
194h
195h
196h
197h
198h
199h
19Ah
19Bh
19Ch
19Dh
19Eh
19Fh
1A0h
General
Purpose
General
Purpose
Register
7Fh
Bank 0
Un implemented data memory locations, read as ’0’.
* Not a physical register.
2001 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS39544A-page 13
Register
accesses
70h - 7Fh
Bank 1
EFh
F0h
FFh
accesses
70h - 7Fh
Bank 2
16Fh
170h
17Fh
accesses
70h - 7Fh
Bank 3
1EFh
1F0h
1FFh
PIC16C925/926
FIGURE 2-4: REGISTER FILE MAP— PIC16C926
Indirect addr.(*)
TMR0
PCL
STATUS
FSR
PORTA
PORTB
PORTC
PORTD
PORTE
PCLATH
INTCON
PIR1
TMR1L
TMR1H
T1CON
TMR2
T2CON
SSPBUF
SSPCON
CCPR1L
CCPR1H
CCP1CON
ADRESH
ADCON0
General
Purpose
Register
96 Bytes
Bank 0
File
Address
00h
01h
02h
03h
04h
05h
06h
07h
08h
09h
0Ah
0Bh
0Ch
0Dh
0Eh
0Fh
10h
11h
12h
13h
14h
15h
16h
17h
18h
19h
1Ah
1Bh
1Ch
1Dh
1Eh
1Fh
20h
7Fh
Indirect addr.(*)
OPTION
PCL
STATUS
FSR
TRISA
TRISB
TRISC
TRISD
TRISE
PCLATH
INTCON
PIE1
PCON
PR2
SSPADD
SSPSTAT
ADRESL
ADCON1
General
Purpose
Register
80 Bytes
accesses
70h - 7Fh
Bank 1
File
Address
80h
81h
82h
83h
84h
85h
86h
87h
88h
89h
8Ah
8Bh
8Ch
8Dh
8Eh
8Fh
90h
91h
92h
93h
94h
95h
96h
97h
98h
99h
9Ah
9Bh
9Ch
9Dh
9Eh
9Fh
A0h
BFh
C0h
EFh
F0h
FFh
Indirect addr.(*)
TMR0
PCL
STATUS
FSR
PORTB
PORTF
PORTG
PCLATH
INTCON
PMCON1
LCDSE
LCDPS
LCDCON
LCDD00
LCDD01
LCDD02
LCDD03
LCDD04
LCDD05
LCDD06
LCDD07
LCDD08
LCDD09
LCDD10
LCDD11
LCDD12
LCDD13
LCDD14
LCDD15
General
Purpose
Register
80 Bytes
accesses
70h - 7Fh
Bank 2
File
Address
100h
101h
102h
103h
104h
105h
106h
107h
108h
109h
10Ah
10Bh
10Ch
10Dh
10Eh
10Fh
110h
111h
112h
113h
114h
115h
116h
117h
118h
119h
11Ah
11Bh
11Ch
11Dh
11Eh
11Fh
120h
16Fh
170h
17Fh
Indirect addr.(*)
OPTION
PCL
STATUS
FSR
TRISB
TRISF
TRISG
PCLATH
INTCON
PMDATA
PMADR
PMDATH
PMADRH
General
Purpose
Register
80 Bytes
accesses
70h - 7Fh
Bank 3
File
Address
180h
181h
182h
183h
184h
185h
186h
187h
188h
189h
18Ah
18Bh
18Ch
18Dh
18Eh
18Fh
190h
191h
192h
193h
194h
195h
196h
197h
198h
199h
19Ah
19Bh
19Ch
19Dh
19Eh
19Fh
1A0h
1EFh
1F0h
1FFh
Unimplemented data memory locations, read as ’0’.
* Not a physical register.
DS39544A-page 14 Preliminary 2001 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16C925/926
2.3 Special Function Registers
The Special Function Registers (SFRs) are registers
used by the CPU and Peripheral Modules for controlling the desired operation of the device. These registers are implemented as static RAM.
The special function regi sters can be classified into tw o
sets, core and peripheral. Those registers associated
with the “core” functions are described in this section.
Those related to the operation of the peripheral
features are described in the section of that peripheral
feature.
TABLE 2-1: SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTER SUMMARY
Address Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0
Bank 0
00h INDF Addressing this location uses contents of FSR to address data memory (not a physical register)
01h TMR0 Timer0 Module Register
02h PCL Program Counter (PC) Least Significant Byte
03h STATUS IRP RP1 RP0 TO PD Z DC C
04h FSR Indirect Data Memory Address Pointer
05h PORTA
06h PORTB PORTB Data Latch when writt en: PORTB pins when read
07h PORTC
08h PORTD PORTD Data Latch when written: PORTD pins when read
09h PORTE PORTE pins when read
0Ah PCLATH
0Bh INTCON GIE PEIE TMR0IE INTE RBIE TMR0IF INTF RBIF
0Ch PIR1 LCDIF ADIF
0Dh — Unimplemented — —
0Eh TMR1L Holding register for the Least Significant Byte of the 16-bit TMR1 Register
0Fh TMR1H Holding register for the Most Significant Byte of the 16-bit TMR1 Register
10h T1CON
11h TMR2 Timer2 Module Register
12h T2CON
13h SSPBUF Synchronous Ser i al Po rt Receive Buffer/Transmit Register
14h SSPCON WCOL SSPOV SSPEN CKP SSPM3 SSPM2 SSPM1 SSPM0
15h CCPR1L Capture/Compare/PWM Register (LSB)
16h CCPR1H Capture/Compare/PWM Register (MSB)
17h CCP1CON
18h — Unimplemented — —
19h — Unimplemented — —
1Ah — Unimplemented — —
1Bh — Unimplemented — —
1Ch — Unimplemented — —
1Dh — Unimplemented — —
1Eh ADRESH A/D Result Register High
1Fh ADCON0 ADCS1 ADCS0 CHS2 CHS1 CHS0 GO/DONE
Legend:
Note 1: These pixels do not display, but can be used as general purpose RAM.
x = unknown, u = unchanged, q = value depends on condition, - = unimplemented, read as '0'.
Shaded locations are unimplemented, read as ‘0’.
— — PORTA Data Latch when written: PORTA pins when read --0x 0000 29
— — PORTC Data Latch when written: PORTC pins when read --xx xxxx 33
— — — Write Buffer for the upper 5 bits of the Program Counter ---0 0000 25
— — SSPIF CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF 00-- 0000 23
— — T1CKPS1 T1CKPS0 T1OSCEN T1SYNC TMR1CS TMR1ON --00 0000 47
— TOUTPS3 TOUTPS2 TOUTPS1 TOUTPS0 TMR2ON T2CKPS1 T2CKPS0 -000 0000 52
— — CCP1X CCP1Y CCP1M3 CCP1M2 CCP1M1 CCP1M0 --00 0000 53
— ADON 0000 0000 75
Value on
Power-on
Reset
0000 0000 26
xxxx xxxx 41
0000 0000 25
0001 1xxx 19
xxxx xxxx 26
xxxx xxxx 31
0000 0000 34
0000 0000 36
0000 000x 21
xxxx xxxx 47
xxxx xxxx 47
0000 0000 51
xxxx xxxx 64, 72
0000 0000 60
xxxx xxxx 58
xxxx xxxx 58
xxxx xxxx 80, 81
Details on
page
2001 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS39544A-page 15
PIC16C925/926
TABLE 2-1: SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTER SUMMARY (CONTINUED)
Address Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0
Bank 1
80h INDF Addressing this location uses contents of FSR to address data memory (not a physical register)
81h OPTION RBPU INTEDG T0CS T0SE PSA PS2 PS1 PS0
82h PCL Program Counter (PC) Least Significant Byte
83h STATUS IRP RP1 RP0 TO PD Z DC C
84h FSR Indirect Data Memory Address Pointer
85h TRISA
86h TRISB PORTB Data Direction Register
87h TRISC
88h TRISD PORTD Data Direction Register
89h TRISE PORTE Data Direction Register
8Ah PCLATH
8Bh INTCON GIE PEIE TMR0IE INTE RBIE TMR0IF INTF RBIF
8Ch PIE1 LCDIE ADI E
8Dh — Unimplemented — —
8Eh PCON
8Fh — Unimplemented — —
90h — Unimplemented — —
91h — Unimplemented — —
92h PR2 Timer2 Period Register
93h SSPADD Synchronous Serial Port (I
94h SSPSTAT SMP CKE D/A
95h — Unimplemented — —
96h — Unimplemented — —
97h — Unimplemented — —
98h — Unimplemented — —
99h — Unimplemented — —
9Ah — Unimplemented — —
9Bh — Unimplemented — —
9Ch — Unimplemented — —
9Dh — Unimplemented — —
9Eh ADRESL A/D Result Register Low
9Fh ADCON1
Legend:
Note 1: These pixels do not display, but can be used as general purpose RAM.
x = unknown, u = unchanged, q = value depends on condition, - = unimplemented, read as '0'.
Shaded locations are unimplemented, read as ‘0’.
— — PORTA Data Direction Register --11 1111 29
— — PORTC Data Direction Register --11 1111 33
— — — Write Buffer for the upper 5 bits of the PC ---0 0000 25
— — SSPIE CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE 00-- 0000 24
— — — — — — POR BOR ---- --0- 24
2
C mode) Address Register 0000 0000 69, 72
PSR/WUA BF 0000 0000 59
— — — — — PCFG2 PCFG1 PCFG0 ---- -000 76
Value on
Power-on
Reset
0000 0000 26
1111 1111 20
0000 0000 25
0001 1xxx 19
xxxx xxxx 26
1111 1111 31
1111 1111 34
1111 1111 36
0000 000x 21
1111 1111 51
xxxx xxxx 79
Details on
page
DS39544A-page 16 Preliminary 2001 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16C925/926
TABLE 2-1: SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTER SUMMARY (CONTINUED)
Address Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0
Bank 2
100h INDF Addressing this location uses contents of FSR to address data memory (not a physical register)
101h TMR0 Timer0 Module Register
102h PCL Program Counter (PC) Least Significant Byte
103h STATUS IRP RP1 RP0 TO PD Z DC C
104h FSR Indirect Data Memory Address Pointer
105h — Unimplemented — —
106h PORTB PORTB Data Latch when writt en: PORTB pins when read
107h PORTF PORTF pins when read
108h PORTG PORTG pins when read
109h — Unimplemented — —
10Ah PCLATH
10Bh INTCON GIE PEIE TMR0IE INTE RBIE TMR0IF INTF RBIF
10Ch PMCON1
10Dh LCDSE SE29 SE27 SE20 SE16 SE12 SE9 SE5 SE0
10Eh LCDPS
10Fh LCDCON LCDEN SLPEN
110h LCDD00 SEG07
111h LCDD01 SEG15
112h LCDD02 SEG23
113h LCDD03 SEG31
114h LCDD04 SEG07
115h LCDD05 SEG15
116h LCDD06 SEG23
117h LCDD07
118h LCDD08 SEG07
119h LCDD09 SEG15
11Ah LCDD10 SEG23
11Bh LCDD11
11Ch LCDD12 SEG07
11Dh LCDD13 SEG15
11Eh LCDD14 SEG23
11Fh LCDD15
Legend:
Note 1: These pixels do not display, but can be used as general purpose RAM.
x = unknown, u = unchanged, q = value depends on condition, - = unimplemented, read as '0'.
Shaded locations are unimplemented, read as ‘0’.
— — — Write Buffer for the upper 5 bits of the PC ---0 0000 25
reserved — — — — — —
— — — — LP3 LP2 LP1 LP0 ---- 0000 84
— VGEN CS1 CS0 LMUX1 LMUX0 00-0 0000 83
COM0
COM0
COM0
COM0
COM1
COM1
COM1
SEG31
COM1
COM2
COM2
COM2
SEG31
COM2
COM3
COM3
COM3
SEG31
COM3
SEG06
COM0
SEG14
COM0
SEG22
COM0
SEG30
COM0
SEG06
COM1
SEG14
COM1
SEG22
COM1
SEG30
(1)
COM1
SEG06
COM2
SEG14
COM2
SEG22
COM2
SEG30
(1)
COM2
SEG06
COM3
SEG14
COM3
SEG22
COM3
SEG30
(1)
COM3
SEG05
COM0
SEG13
COM0
SEG21
COM0
SEG29
COM0
SEG05
COM1
SEG13
COM1
SEG21
COM1
SEG29
COM1
SEG05
COM2
SEG13
COM2
SEG21
COM2
SEG29
(1)
COM2
SEG05
COM3
SEG13
COM3
SEG21
COM3
SEG29
(1)
COM3
SEG04
COM0
SEG12
COM0
SEG20
COM0
SEG28
COM0
SEG04
COM1
SEG12
COM1
SEG20
COM1
SEG28
COM1
SEG04
COM2
SEG12
COM2
SEG20
COM2
SEG28
COM2
SEG04
COM3
SEG12
COM3
SEG20
COM3
SEG28
(1)
COM3
SEG03
COM0
SEG11
COM0
SEG19
COM0
SEG27
COM0
SEG03
COM1
SEG11
COM1
SEG19
COM1
SEG27
COM1
SEG03
COM2
SEG11
COM2
SEG19
COM2
SEG27
COM2
SEG03
COM3
SEG11
COM3
SEG19
COM3
SEG27
COM3
SEG02
COM0
SEG10
COM0
SEG18
COM0
SEG26
COM0
SEG02
COM1
SEG10
COM1
SEG18
COM1
SEG26
COM1
SEG02
COM2
SEG10
COM2
SEG18
COM2
SEG26
COM2
SEG02
COM3
SEG10
COM3
SEG18
COM3
SEG26
COM3
SEG01
COM0
SEG09
COM0
SEG17
COM0
SEG25
COM0
SEG01
COM1
SEG09
COM1
SEG17
COM1
SEG25
COM1
SEG01
COM2
SEG09
COM2
SEG17
COM2
SEG25
COM2
SEG01
COM3
SEG09
COM3
SEG17
COM3
SEG25
COM3
RD
SEG00
COM0
SEG08
COM0
SEG16
COM0
SEG24
COM0
SEG00
COM1
SEG08
COM1
SEG16
COM1
SEG24
COM1
SEG00
COM2
SEG08
COM2
SEG16
COM2
SEG24
COM2
SEG00
COM3
SEG08
COM3
SEG16
COM3
SEG24
COM3
Value on
Power-on
Reset
0000 0000 26
xxxx xxxx 41
0000 0000 25
0001 1xxx 19
xxxx xxxx 26
xxxx xxxx 31
0000 0000 37
0000 0000 38
0000 000x 21
1--- ---0 27
1111 1111 94
xxxx xxxx 92
xxxx xxxx 92
xxxx xxxx 92
xxxx xxxx 92
xxxx xxxx 92
xxxx xxxx 92
xxxx xxxx 92
xxxx xxxx 92
xxxx xxxx 92
xxxx xxxx 92
xxxx xxxx 92
xxxx xxxx 92
xxxx xxxx 92
xxxx xxxx 92
xxxx xxxx 92
xxxx xxxx 92
Details on
page
2001 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS39544A-page 17
PIC16C925/926
TABLE 2-1: SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTER SUMMARY (CONTINUED)
Address Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0
Bank 3
180h INDF Addressing this location uses contents of FSR to address data memory (not a physical register)
181h OPTION RBPU INTEDG T0CS T0SE PSA PS2 PS1 PS0
182h PCL Program Counter’s (PC) Least Significant Byte
183h STATUS IRP RP1 RP0 TO PD Z DC C
184h FSR Indirect Data Memory Address Pointer
185h — Unimplemented — —
186h TRISB PORTB Data Direction Register
187h TRISF PORTF Data Directi on Register
188h TRISG PORTG Data Direction Register
189h — Unimplemented — —
18Ah PCLATH
18Bh INTCON GIE PEIE TMR0IE INTE RBIE TMR0IF INTF RBIF
18Ch PMDATA Data Register Low Byte
18Dh PMADR Address Register Low Byte
18Eh PMDATH
18Fh PMADRH
190h — Unimplemented — —
191h — Unimplemented — —
192h — Unimplemented — —
193h — Unimplemented — —
194h — Unimplemented — —
195h — Unimplemented — —
196h — Unimplemented — —
197h — Unimplemented — —
198h — Unimplemented — —
199h — Unimplemented — —
19Ah — Unimplemented — —
19Bh — Unimplemented — —
19Ch — Unimplemented — —
19Dh — Unimplemented — —
19Eh — Unimplemented — —
19Fh — Unimplemented — —
Legend:
Note 1: These pixels do not display, but can be used as general purpose RAM.
x = unknown, u = unchanged, q = value depends on condition, - = unimplemented, read as '0'.
Shaded locations are unimplemented, read as ‘0’.
— — — Write Buffer for the upper 5 bits of the PC ---0 0000 25
— — Data Regist er Hi gh Byt e xxxx xxxx 27
— — —
Address Register High Byte
Value on
Power-on
Reset
0000 0000 26
1111 1111 20
0000 0000 25
0001 1xxx 19
xxxx xxxx 26
1111 1111 31
1111 1111 37
1111 1111 38
0000 000x 21
xxxx xxxx 27
xxxx xxxx 27
xxxx xxxx
Details on
page
27
DS39544A-page 18 Preliminary 2001 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16C925/926
2.3.1 STATUS REGISTER
The STATUS register, shown in Register2-1, contains
the arithmetic st atus of th e ALU, the RE SET statu s and
the bank select bits for data memory.
The STATUS register can be the destination for any
instruction, as with any other register. If the STATUS
register is the destination for an instruction that affects
the Z, DC or C bits, then the write to these three bits is
disabled. These bit s are set or cleared ac cording to the
device logic. Furthermore, the TO
writable. Therefore, the result of an instruction with the
STATUS register as dest ination may be di fferent than
intended.
and PD bits are not
For example, CLRF STATUS will clear the upper-three
bits and set the Z bit. This leaves the STATUS register
as 000u u1uu (where u = unchanged).
It is recommended, therefore, that only BCF, BSF,
SWAPF and MOVWF instructions are used to alter the
STATUS register because these instructions do not
affect the Z, C or DC bits from the ST ATUS reg ister . For
other instructions, no t affecting any status bi ts, see the
“Instruction Set Summary.”
Note: The C and DC bits operate as a borrow
and digit borrow bit, respectively, in subtraction. See the SUBLW and SUBWF
instructions for examples.
REGISTER 2-1: STATUS REGISTER (ADDRESS 03h, 83h, 103h, 183h)
R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R-1 R-1 R/W-x R/W-x R/W-x
IRP RP1 RP0 TO
bit 7 bit 0
bit 7 IRP: Register Bank Select bit (used for indirect addressing)
1 = Bank 2, 3 (100h - 1FFh)
0 = Bank 0, 1 (00h - FFh)
bit 6-5 RP1:RP0: Register Bank Select bits (used for direct addressing)
11 = Bank 3 (180h - 1FFh)
10 = Bank 2 (100h - 17Fh)
01 = Bank 1 (80h - FFh)
00 = Bank 0 (00h - 7Fh)
bit 4 TO: Time-out bit
1 = After power-up, CLRWDT instruction, or SLEEP instruction
0 = A WDT time-out occurred
bit 3 PD
bit 2 Z: Zero bit
bit 1 DC: Digit carry/borrow bit (ADDWF, ADDLW,SUBLW,SUBWF instructions)
bit 0 C: Carry/borrow
: Power-down bit
1 = After power-up or by the CLRWDT instruction
0 = By execution of the SLEEP instruction
1 = The result of an arithmetic or logic operation is zero
0 = The result of an arithmetic or logic operation is not zero
(for borrow
1 = A carry-out from the 4th low order bit of the result occurred
0 = No carry-out from the 4th low order bit of the result
(for borrow
1 = A carry-out from the Most Significant bit of the result occurred
0 = No carry-out from the Most Significant bit of the result occurred
the polarity is reversed)
bit (ADDWF, ADDLW,SUBLW,SUBWF instructions)
the polarity is reversed)
PD ZDCC
Note: A subtraction is executed by adding the two’s complement of the second operand.
For rotate (RRF, RLF) instructions, thi s bi t is l oad ed w ith ei the r th e h igh or low order
bit of the source register.
Legend:
R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
- n = Value at POR ’1’ = Bit is set ’0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
2001 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS39544A-page 19
PIC16C925/926
2.3.2 OPTION REGISTER
The OPTION register is a readable and writable register, which contains various control bits to configure the
TMR0/WDT prescaler, the external RB0/INT pin interrupt, TMR0, and the weak pull-ups on PORTB.
REGISTER 2-2: OPTION REGISTER (ADDRESS 81h, 181h)
R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1
RBPU INTEDG T0CS T0SE PSA PS2 PS1 PS0
bit 7 bit 0
Note: To achieve a 1:1 prescaler assignment for
the TMR0 register, assign the prescaler to
the Watchdog Timer.
bit 7 RBPU
bit 6 INTEDG: Interrupt Edge Select bit
bit 5 T0CS: TMR0 Clock Source Select bit
bit 4 T0SE: TMR0 Source Edge Select bit
bit 3 PSA: Prescaler Assignment bit
bit 2-0 PS2:PS0: Prescaler Rate Select bits
: PORTB Pull-up Enable bit
1 = PORTB pull-ups are disabled
0 = PORTB pull-ups are enabled by individual port latch values
1 = Interrupt on rising edge of RB0/INT pin
0 = Interrupt on falling edge of RB0/INT pin
1 = Transition on RA 4/T0CKI pin
0 = Internal instruction cycle clock (CLKOUT)
1 = Increment on high-to-low transition on RA4/T0CKI pin
0 = Increment on low-to-high transition on RA4/T0CKI pin
1 = Prescaler is assigned to the WDT
0 = Prescaler is assigned to the Timer0 module
Bit Value TMR0 Rate WDT Rate
000
001
010
011
100
101
110
111
1 : 2
1 : 4
1 : 8
1 : 16
1 : 32
1 : 64
1 : 128
1 : 256
1 : 1
1 : 2
1 : 4
1 : 8
1 : 16
1 : 32
1 : 64
1 : 128
Legend:
R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
- n = Value at POR ’1’ = Bit is set ’0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
DS39544A-page 20 Preliminary 2001 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16C925/926
2.3.3 INTCON REGISTER
The INTCON Register is a readabl e and writ able register which contains various enable and flag bits for the
TMR0 register overflow, RB Port change and external
RB0/INT pin interrupts.
Note: Interrupt flag bit s are set whe n an in terrupt
condition occurs, regardless of the state of
its corresponding enable bit or the global
enable bit, GIE (INTCON<7>).
REGISTER 2-3: INTCON REGISTER (ADDRESS 0Bh, 8Bh, 10Bh, 18Bh)
R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-x
GIE PEIE TMR0IE INTE RBIE TMR0IF INTF RBIF
bit 7 bit 0
bit 7 GIE: Global Interrupt Enable bit
1 = Enables all unmasked interrupts
0 = Disables all interrupts
bit 6 PEIE/GEIL: Peripheral Interrupt Enable bit
1 = Enables all unmasked peripheral interrupts
0 = Disables all peripheral interrupts
bit 5 TMR0IE: TMR0 Overflow Interrupt Enable bit
1 = Enables the TMR0 overflow interrupt
0 = Disables the TMR0 overflow interrupt
bit 4 INTE: RB0/INT0 External Interrupt Enable bit
1 = Enables the RB0/INT external interrupt
0 = Disables the RB0/INT external interrupt
bit 3 RBIE: RB Port Change Interrupt Enable bit
1 = Enables the RB port change interrupt
0 = Disables the RB port change interrupt
bit 2 TMR0IF: TMR0 Overflow Interrupt Flag bit
1 = TMR0 register has overflowed (must be cleared in software)
0 = TMR0 register did not overflow
bit 1 INTF: RB0/INT0 External Interrupt Flag bit
1 = The RB0/INT external interrupt occurred (must be cleared in software)
0 = The RB0/INT external interrupt did not occur
bit 0 RBIF: RB Port Change Interrupt Flag bit
1 = At least one of the RB7:RB4 pins changed state (must be cleared in software)
0 = None of the RB7:RB4 pins have changed state
Legend:
R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
- n = Value at POR reset ’1’ = Bit is set ’0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
2001 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS39544A-page 21
PIC16C925/926
2.3.4 PIE1 REGISTER
This register contains the individual enable bits for the
peripheral interrupts.
REGISTER 2-4: PIE1 REGISTER (ADDRESS 8Ch)
R/W-0 R/W-0 U-0 U-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0
LCDIE ADIE
bit 7 bit 0
bit 7 LCDIE: LCD Interrupt Enable bit
1 = Enables the LCD interrupt
0 = Disables the LCD interrupt
bit 6 ADIE: A/D Converter Interrupt Enable bit
1 = Enables the A/D interrupt
0 = Disables the A/D interrupt
bit 5-4 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
bit 3 SSPIE: Synchronous Serial Port Interrupt Enable bit
1 = Enables the SSP interrupt
0 = Disables the SSP interrupt
bit 2 CCP1IE: CCP1 Interrupt Enable bit
1 = Enables the CCP1 interrupt
0 = Disables the CCP1 interrupt
bit 1 TMR2IE: TMR2 to PR2 Match Interrupt Enable bit
1 = Enables the TMR2 to PR2 match interrupt
0 = Disables the TMR2 to PR2 match interrupt
bit 0 TMR1IE: TMR1 Overflow Interrupt Enable bit
1 = Enables the TMR1 overflow interrupt
0 = Disables the TMR1 overflow interrupt
— — SSPIE CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE
Note: Bit PEIE (INTCON<6>) must be set to
enable any peripheral interrupt.
Legend:
R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
- n = Value at POR ’1’ = Bit is set ’0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
DS39544A-page 22 Preliminary 2001 Microchip Technology Inc.
2.3.5 PIR1 REGISTER
This register contains the individual flag bits for the
peripheral interrupts.
Note: Interrupt flag bits are se t w he n an interrupt
condition occurs, re gardless of the state of
its corresponding enable bit or the global
enable bit, GIE (INTCON<7>). User software should ensure the appropriate interrupt flag bits are clear prior to enabling an
interrupt.
REGISTER 2-5: PIR1 REGISTER (ADDRESS 0Ch)
R/W-0 R/W-0 U-0 U-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0
LCDIF ADIF
bit 7 bit 0
bit 7 LCDIF: LCD Interrupt Flag bit
1 = LCD interrupt has occurred (must be cleared in software)
0 = LCD interrupt did not occur
bit 6 ADIF: A/D Converter Interrupt Flag bit
1 = An A/D conversion completed (must be cleared in software)
0 = The A/D conversion is not complete
bit 5-4 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
bit 3 SSPIF: Master Synchronous Serial Port Interrupt Flag bit
1 = The transmission/reception is complete (must be cleared in software)
0 = Waiting to transmit/receive
bit 2 CCP1IF: CCP1 Interrupt Flag bit
Capture mode:
1 = A TMR1 register capture occurred (must be cleared in software)
0 = No TMR1 register capture occurred
Compare mode:
1 = A TMR1 register compare match occurred (must be cleared in software)
0 = No TMR1 register compare match occurred
PWM mode:
Unused in this mode
bit 1 TMR2IF: TMR2 to PR2 Match Interrupt Flag bit
1 = TMR2 to PR2 match occurred (must be cleared in software)
0 = No TMR2 to PR2 match occurred
bit 0 TMR1IF: TMR1 Overflow Interrupt Flag bit
1 = TMR1 register overflowed (must be cleared in software)
0 = TMR1 register did not overflow
— — SSPIF CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF
PIC16C925/926
Legend:
R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
- n = Value at POR rese t ’1’ = Bit is set ’0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
2001 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS39544A-page 23
PIC16C925/926
2.3.6 PCON REGISTER
The Power Control (PCON) register contains a flag bit
to allow differentiation between a Power-on Reset
(POR) to an external MCLR
For various RESET conditions, see Table 12-4 and
Table 12-5.
REGISTER 2-6: PCON REGISTER (ADDRESS 8Eh)
bit 7-2 Unimplemented: Read as '0'
bit 1 POR
bit 0 BOR
Reset or WDT Reset.
U-0 U-0 U-0 U-0 U-0 U-0 R/W-0 R/W-1
— — — — — — POR BOR
bit 7 bit 0
: Power-on Reset Status bit
1 = No Power-on Reset occurred
0 = A Power-on Reset occurred (must be set in software after a Power-on Reset occurs)
: Brown-out Reset Status bit
1 = No Brown-out Reset occurred
0 = A Brown-out Reset occurred (must be set in software after a Brown-out Reset occurs)
Legend:
R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
- n = Value at POR ’1’ = Bit is set ’0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
DS39544A-page 24 Preliminary 2001 Microchip Technology Inc.
2.4 PCL and PCLATH
The program counter (PC) is 13-bits wid e. The low byte
comes from the PCL register, which is a readable and
writable register. The upper bits (PC<12:8>) are not
readable, but are indirectly writable through the
PCLA TH reg is ter. On any RESET, the up per bi t s of the
PC will be cleared. Fig ure2-5 shows the two situations
for the loading of the PC. The up per ex ample in th e figure shows how the PC is loaded on a write to PCL
(PCLATH<4:0> → PCH). The lower exampl e i n th e fi gure shows how the PC is loaded during a CALL or GOTO
instruction (PCLATH<4:3> → PCH).
FIGURE 2-5: LOADING OF PC IN
DIFFERENT SITUATIONS
PIC16C925/926
2.5 Program Memory Paging
PIC16C925/926 devices are capable of addressing a
continuous 8K word block of program memory. The
CALL and GOTO instructions provide only 11-bits of
address to allow branching within any 2K program
memory page. When doing a CALL or GOTO instruction,
the upper 2-bits of the address are provided by
PCLATH<4:3>. When doing a CALL or GOTO instruction, the user must ensu re tha t the p age select bits are
programmed so that the desired program memory
page is addressed. If a return from a CALL instruction
(or interrupt) is executed, the en tire 13-bit PC is pushed
onto the stack. Therefore, manipulation of the
PCLATH<4:3> bits is not required for the RETURN
instructions (which POPs the address from the stack).
2.4.1 COMPUTED GOTO
A computed GOTO is accomplish ed by adding an offset
to the program counter (ADDWF PCL). When doing a
table read using a computed GOTO method, care
should be exercise d i f the t able loca tio n cros ses a PCL
memory boundary (each 256 byte block). Refer to the
application note “I mplementing a Table Read” (AN556).
2.4.2 STACK
The PIC16CXXX family has an 8-level deep x 13-bit
wide hardware stack. The stack space is not part of
either program or data space and the stack pointer is not
readable or writable. The PC is PUSHed onto the stack
when a CALL instruction is executed, or an interrupt
causes a branch. The stack is POPed in the event of a
RETURN, RETLW or a RETFIE instruction execution.
PCLATH is not affected by a PUSH or POP operation.
The stack opera tes as a circular buf fer . This means that
after the st ack h as be en PUSHed ei ght ti mes, th e nin th
push overwrites the v alue tha t was stored fro m the first
push. The tenth pus h ov erwri t es the se co nd p us h (an d
so on).
Example 2-1 shows the calling of a subroutine in
2001 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS39544A-page 25
PIC16C925/926
2.6 Indirect Addressing, INDF and FSR Registers
The INDF register is not a physi cal register. Addressing
the INDF register will cause indirect addressing.
Indirect addressing is possible by using the INDF register. Any instruc tion using the INDF register actual ly
accesses the register pointed to by the File Sele ct Register (FSR). Reading the INDF register itself, indirectly
(FSR = ’0’), w ill produc e 00h . W rit ing to the INDF re gister indirectly results in a no operation (although status
bits may be affected). An effective 9-bit address is
obtained by co ncatenating the 8-bit FSR re gister and
the IRP bit (STATUS<7>), as shown in Figure 2-6.
FIGURE 2-6: DIRECT/INDIRECT ADDRESSING
RP1:RP0 6
Bank Select Location Select
From Opcode
00h
0
00 01 10 11
A simple program to clear RAM locations 20h-2Fh
using indirect addressing is shown in Example 2-2.
EXAMPLE 2-2: INDIRECT ADDRESSING
MOVLW 0x20 ;initialize pointer
NEXT CLRF INDF ;clear INDF register
CONTINUE
MOVWF FSR ;to RAM
INCF FSR,F ;inc pointer
BTFSS FSR,4 ;all done?
GOTO NEXT ;no clear next
: ;yes continue
Indirect AddressingDirect Addressing
IRP FSR Register
Bank Select
7
Location Select
00h
0
Data
Memory
7Fh
Bank 0 Bank 1 Bank 2 Bank 3
Note: For memory map detail, see Figure 2-3.
7Fh
DS39544A-page 26 Preliminary 2001 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16C925/926
3.0 READING PROGRAM MEMORY
The Program Memory is readable during normal operation over the entire V
addressed through Special Function R egisters ( SFR).
Up to 14-bit numbers can be stored in memory for use
as calibration param eters, serial nu mbers, packe d 7-bit
ASCII, etc. Executing a pro gram m em ory location containing data tha t forms an inval id instructi on result s in a
NOP.
There are five SFRs used to read the program and
memory. These registers are:
• PMCON1
• PMDATA
• PMDATH
• PMADR
• PMADRH
The program memory allows word reads. Program
memory access allows for checksum calculation and
reading calibration t abl es .
DD range. It is indirectly
When interfacing to the program memory block, the
PMDATH:PMDATA registers form a two-byte word,
which holds the 14-bit data for reads. The
PMADRH:PMADR registers form a two-byte word,
which holds the 13-bit address of the location being
accessed. These devices can have from 4K words to
8K words of program memory, with an address range
from 0h to 3FFFh.
The unused upper bits in both the PMDATH and
PMADRH registers are not implemented and read as
“0’s”.
3.1 PMADR
The address registers can address up to a maxim um of
8K words of program memory.
When selecting a program address value, the MSByte
of the address is written to the PMADRH register and
the LSByte is written to the PMADR regi ster . The upper
MSbits of PMADRH must always be clear.
3.2 PMCON1 Register
PMCON1 is the control register for memory accesses.
The control bit RD initiates read operations. This bit
cannot be cleared, only set , in sof tware. It is cleared in
hardware at the completion of the read operation.
REGISTER 3-1: PMCON1 REGISTER (ADDRESS 10Ch)
R-1 U-0 U-0 U-0 U-x U-0 U-0 R/S-0
r — — — — — — RD
bit 7 bit 0
bit 7 Reserved: Read as ‘1’
bit 6-1 Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
bit 0 RD: Read Control bit
1 = Initiates a read, RD is cleared in hardware. The RD bit can only be set (not cleared)
in software.
0 = Does not initiate a read
Legend:
R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
- n = Value at POR reset ’1’ = Bit is set ’0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
2001 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS39544A-page 27
PIC16C925/926
3.3 Reading the Program Memory
A program memory loca tion may be read by wri ting two
bytes of the address to the PMADR and PMADRH registers, and then setting control bit RD (PMCON1<0>).
Once the read control bit is set, the microcontroller will
data is available in the PMDATA and PMDATH registers after the NOP instruction. Therefore, it can be read
as two bytes in the f ollowin g instruct ions. The PMDATA
and PMDA TH re gisters w ill hold this value unti l another
read operation.
use the next two instruction cy cles to read the data. The
EXAMPLE 3-1: PROGRAM READ
BSF STATUS, RP1 ;
BSF STATUS, RP0 ; Bank 3
MOVLW MS_PROG_PM_ADDR ;
MOVWF PMADRH ; MS Byte of Program Address to read
MOVLW LS_PROG_PM_ADDR ;
MOVWF PMADR ; LS Byte of Program Address to read
BCF STATUS, RP0 ; Bank 2
BSF PMCON1, RD ; PM Read
;
BSF STATUS, RP0 ; Bank 3
;
NOP ; Any instructions here are ignored as program
;
MOVF PMDATA, W ; W = LS Byte of Program PMDATA
MOVF PMDATH, W ; W = MS Byte of Program PMDATA
; First instruction after BSF PMCON1,RD executes normally
; memory is read in second cycle after BSF PMCON1,RD
3.4 Operation During Code Protect
If the progra m memory is not co de prot ected, the pro gram memory control can read anywhere within the
program memory.
If the entire program memory is code protected, the
program memory control can re ad anywh ere within the
program memory.
TABLE 3-1: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH PROGRAM MEMORY
Address Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 B it 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0
10Ch PMCON1 (1)
18Ch PMDATA Data Register Low Byte xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu
18Dh PMADR Address Register Low Byte xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu
18Eh PMDATH — — Data Register High Byte xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu
18Fh PMADRH — — — Address Register High Byte xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu
Legend: x = unknown, u = unchanged, r = reserved, - = unimplemented, read as '0'.
Shaded cells are not used during FLASH access.
Note 1: This bit always reads as a ‘1’.
— — — — — — RD 1--- ---0 1--- ---0
If only part of the program memory is code protected,
the program memory control can read the unprotected
segment and cannot read the protected segment. The
protected area cannot be read, because it may be
possible to write a downloading routine into the
unprotected segment.
Value o n:
POR, BOR
Value on
all other
RESETS
DS39544A-page 28 Preliminary 2001 Microchip Technology Inc.
Loading...