TM
S OURCE
user’s manual
Thank you—to you the MartinLogan owner,
for loving what we do,
and
for making it possible for us to do what we love.
Serial Numbers: _______________ / _______________
Record your serial numbers here for easy reference. You will need this
information when filling out your warranty registration. Source’s serial
number is located near the bottom of the backplate and on the shipping
container. Each individual unit has a unique serial number.
Source
Tested to Comply
with FCC Standards
FOR HOME OR OFFICE USE
This device complies with part 15 of
the FCC Rules. Operation is subject
to the following two conditions: (1)
This device may not cause harmful
interference, and (2) this device must
accept any interference received,
including interference that may cause
undesired operation.
CONTENTS
Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Installation in Brief. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Low-Voltage (DC) Power Connection
Speaker Level Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
Break-In
Placement & Room Acoustics . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Listening Position
The Wall Behind the Listener
The Wall Behind the Speakers
The Side Walls
Experimentation
Final Placement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
The Extra “Tweak” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Your Room
Terminology
Rules of Thumb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
Dipolar Speakers and Your Room
Solid Footing
Dispersion Interactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Controlled Horizontal Dispersion
Controlled Vertical Dispersion
Three Major Types of Dispersion
Home Theater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Electrostatic Advantages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
MartinLogan Exclusives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Full Range Operation
CLS™ (Curvilinear Line Source) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
Generation 2 Diaphragm
MicroPerf Stator
Vacuum Bonding
AirFrame™ Technology
Electrostatic Loudspeaker History . . . . . . . . 17
Frequently Asked Questions. . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
General Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Specifications
Warranty and Registration
Serial Number
Service
Dimensional Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Glossary of Audio Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Notes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
In accordance with the European Union WEEE
(Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment) directive
effective August 13, 2005, we would like to notify
you that this product may contain regulated materials
which upon disposal, according to the WEEE directive, require special reuse and recycling processing.
For this reason MartinLogan has arranged with our
distributors in European Union member nations to collect
and recycle this product at no cost to you. To find your
local distributor please contact the dealer from whom
you purchased this product, email info@martinlogan.com
or visit the distributor locator at www.martinlogan.com.
Please note, only this product itself falls under the
WEEE directive. When disposing of packaging and
other related shipping materials we encourage you to
recycle these items through the normal channels.
The lightning bolt flash with arrowhead symbol, within
an equilateral triangle, is intended to alert the user to
the presence of uninsulated “dangerous voltage” within
the product’s enclosure that may be of sufficient magnitude to constitute a risk of electric shock.
The exclamation point within an equilateral triangle is
intended to alert the user to the presence of important
operating and maintenance (servicing) instructions in
the literature accompanying the appliance.
WARNING! Do not use your Source loudspeakers outside of the country of original sale—voltage requirements
vary by country. Improper voltage can cause damage that will be potentially expensive to repair. The Source is
shipped to authorized MartinLogan distributors with the correct power supply for use in the country of intended
sale. A list of authorized distributors can be accessed at www.martinlogan.com or by emailing info@martinlogan.
Contents 3
INSTALLATION IN BRIEF
We know you are eager to hear your Source speakers,
so this section is provided to allow fast and easy set up.
Once you have them operational, please take the time to
read, in depth, the rest of the information in this manual.
It will give you perspective on how to attain the greatest
possible performance from this most exacting transducer.
If you should experience any difficulties in the setup or
operation of your Source speakers, please refer to the Room
Acoustics, Placement or Operation sections of this manual.
Should you encounter a persistent problem that cannot be
resolved, please contact your authorized MartinLogan dealer.
They will provide you with the appropriate technical analysis
to alleviate the situation.
WARNING!
• Hazardous voltages exist inside—do not
remove cover.
• Refer servicing to a qualified technician.
• To prevent fire or shock hazard, do not
expose this module to moisture.
• Turn amplifier off and unplug speaker
should any abnormal conditions occur.
• Turn amplifier off before making or
breaking any signal connections!
• Do not operate if there is any visual
damage to the electrostatic panel element.
• Do not drive speaker beyond its rated
power.
• The power cord should not be
installed, removed, or left detached
from the speaker while the other end is
connected to an AC power source.
• No candles or other sources of open
flame should be placed on the speaker.
• No liquids either in glasses or vases
should be placed on speaker.
• Speaker should not be exposed to dripping or splashing liquids.
• The terminals marked with the lightning
bolt symbol should be connected by an
instructed person or by way of ready
made terminals.
Step 1: Unpacking
Remove your new Source speakers from their packaging.
Step 2: Placement
Place each Source at least two feet from the back wall
and angle them slightly toward your listening area. This is
a good place to start. Please see the Placement section
(pages 8–11) of this manual for more details.
Step 3: Power Connection (AC) (see warning)
Your Source speakers require AC power to energize their
electrostatic cells. Using the AC power cords provided,
them in
first to the AC power receptacle on the rear panel of
the speaker
nection, and then to a wall outlet. Please see Low-Voltage
(DC) Power Connection (pages 6) for more details.
Step 4: Signal Connection
Use the best speaker cables you can. Higher quality cables,
available from your specialty dealer, are recommended
and will give you superior performance. Spade connectors
are suggested for optimum contact and ease of installation.
Attach your speaker cables to the signal input section on the
rear panel. Be consistent when connecting speaker leads to
the terminals on the back of the Source. Take great care to
assign the same color to the (+) terminal on both the left and
right channels. If bass is nonexistent and you cannot discern
a tight, coherent image, you may need to reverse the (+) and
(–) leads on one side to bring the system into proper polarity.
For detailed setup instructions, please turn to the
Connections section (Page 6–7) of this manual for more
details.
Step 5: Listen and Enjoy
Now, you may turn on your system and enjoy!
, making sure that you have made a firm
plug
con-
4 Installation in Brief
INTRODUCTION
Congratulations! You have invested in one of
the world’s premier loudspeaker systems.
The MartinLogan Source represents an advanced
combination of sonic technologies establishing an unprecedented direction for audiophile design. The result of
years of research, the new Source™ hybrid electrostatic
loudspeaker delivers new standards for efficiency, dynamics and precision in a floorstanding loudspeaker.
Housed within a radical, ultra-rigid extruded aluminum
AirFrame™, the Source’s CLS transducer builds upon
the legacy of MartinLogan’s electrostatic heritage with
the incorporation of advanced vacuum bonding and
MicroPerf stat panels, providing even greater efficiency
and precision. The integration electrical interface technology developed by MartinLogan’s Statement™ e2
engineering team extends effortless dynamics and purity,
resulting in even higher sonic standards of efficiency and
precision.
Featuring an advanced crossover topology, MartinLogan
carefully builds each Source crossover utilizing precision
components to flawlessly preserve sonic subtleties while
effortlessly handling the broadest range of dynamics contained within even the most demanding sonic source.
The materials in your new Source speakers are of the highest
quality and will provide years of enduring enjoyment
and
deepening respect. The cabinetry is constructed from the
highest quality composite material for acoustical integrity.
Through rigorous testing, the curvilinear electrostatic panel
has proven itself to be one of the most durable and reliable transducers available today. Fabricated from a
custom tool punched high-grade steel, the patented
panel is then coated with a special polymer that is applied
via a proprietary electrostatic bonding process. This panel
assembly houses a membrane just 0.0005 of an inch
thick.
The other sections of your User’s Manual explain in detail
the operation of your Source speakers and the philosophy applied to their design. A clear understanding of your
speakers will insure that you obtain maximum performance
and pleasure from this most exacting transducer. It has been
designed and constructed to give you years of trouble-free
listening enjoyment.
Introduction 5
CONNECTIONS
Low-Voltage (DC) Power Connection
Your Source speakers use external low-voltage power supplies to energize their electrostatic panels. For this reason the
proper low-voltage power supplies are provided. A power
supply should be firmly inserted into the ‘DC Power In’
receptacle on the rear connection panel of each speaker,
then to any convenient AC wall outlet. Your Source speakers integrate a signal sensing circuit which will switch the
Source off after a few minutes of no music signal, and
requires less than two seconds to recharge the panels
when a music signal is present.
Your Source speakers are provided with a power supply
for the power service supplied in the country of original
consumer sale. The AC power requirements applicable to
a particular unit is specified both on the packing carton
and on the DC power supply.
If you remove your Source speakers from the country of
original sale, be certain that the AC power supplied in any
subsequent location is suitable before connecting the lowvoltage power supply. Substantially impaired performance
or severe damage may occur to a Source speaker if operation is attempted from an incorrect AC power source.
WARNING! The DC power supply should
not be installed, removed, or left detached
from the speaker while connected to an AC
power source.
Figure 1. Signal and Power Connection. One channel shown.
6 Connections
Speaker Level Connection
Break-In
Use the best speaker cables you can. The length and
type of speaker cable used in your system will have an
audible effect. Under no circumstance should a wire of
gauge higher (thinner) than #16 be used. In general, the
longer the length used, the greater the necessity of a lower
gauge, and the lower the gauge, the better the sound,
with diminishing returns setting in around #8 to #12.
A variety of cables are available whose
claim better performance than standard heavy gauge wire.
We have verified this in many cases, and the improvements
available are often more noticeable than the differences
between wires of different gauge. The effects of cables
may be masked if equipment is not of the highest quality.
Connections are done at the signal input section on the
rear electronics panel of the Source. Use spade connectors for optimum contact and ease of installation. Hand
tighten the binding posts, but do not overtighten—do not
use a tool to tighten the binding posts.
Be consistent when connecting the speaker cables to the
signal input terminals. Take care to assign the same color
cable lead to the (+) terminal on both the left and right
channel speakers. If bass is nonexistent and you cannot
discern a tight, coherent image, you may need to reverse
the (+) and (–) leads on one speaker to bring the system
into proper polarity.
manufacturers
When you first begin to play your Source speakers, they
will sound a bit bass shy. This is due to the high quality,
long-life components used in our woofer. Our custom
made, butyl surround woofer requires approximately
72 hours of break-in at 90 dB (moderate listening levels)
before any critical listening. The break-in requirements of
the crossover components (and, to a lesser degree, the
stator) are equivalent.
WARNING! Turn your amplifier off
before making or breaking any signal connections!
Connections 7
PLACEMENT & ROOM ACOUSTICS
Listening Position
Your speakers should be placed approximately two to
three feet from the front wall, the wall in front of the listening position, and about two feet from the side walls.
Your sitting distance should be further than the distance
between the speakers themselves. You are trying to attain
the impression of good center imaging and stage width.
There is no exact distance between speakers and listener,
but there is a relationship. In long rooms, naturally, that
relationship changes. The distance between the speakers
will be far less than the distance from you to the speaker
system. However, in a wide room, you will still find that
if the distance from the listener to the speakers becomes
smaller than the distance between the speakers themselves,
the image will no longer focus in the center.
Now that you have positioned your speaker system, spend
time listening. Wait to make any major changes in
setup for the next few days as the speaker
change subtly in its sound. Over the first 72 hours of play the
actual tonal quality will change slightly with deeper bass and
more spacious highs resulting. After a few days of listening
you can begin to make refinements and hear the differences.
your initial
system itself will
The Wall Behind the Listener
Near-field reflections can also occur from your back wall (the
wall behind the listening position). If your listening position
is close to the back wall, these reflections can cause problems and confuse imaging quality. It is better for the wall
behind you to be absorptive than to be reflective. If you
have a hard back wall and your listening position is close to
it, experiment with devices that will absorb information (i.e.
wall hangings and possibly even sound absorbing panels).
The front surface ideally should be one long wall without
any doors or openings. If you have openings, the reflection
and bass characteristics from each channel can be different.
The Side Walls
A good rule of thumb is to have the side walls as far away
from the speaker sides as possible. However, MartinLogan’s
unique controlled dispersion electrostatic transducer inherently minimizes side wall reflections—a position as little
as two feet from the side walls often proves adequate.
Sometimes, if the system is bright or the imaging is not to
your liking, and the side walls are very near, try putting
curtains or softening material directly to the edge of each
speaker. An ideal side wall, however, is no side wall at all.
Experimentation
Toe-in
Now you can begin to experiment. First begin by toeing
your speakers in towards the listening area and then facing them straight into the room. You will notice the tonal
balance and imaging changing. You will notice that as the
speakers are toed-out, the system becomes slightly brighter than when toed-in. This design gives you the flexibility
to compensate for a soft or bright room.
Generally it is found that the ideal listening position is with
the speakers slightly toed-in so that you are listening to the
inner third of the curved transducer section. A simple, yet
effective method to achieve proper toe involves sitting at the
listening position, holding a flashlight under your chin and
pointing it at each speaker. The reflection of the flashlight
should be within the inner third of the panel (see figure 2).
The Wall Behind the Speakers
The front surface, the wall behind the speakers, should
not be extremely hard or soft. A pane of glass will cause
reflections, brightness and confused imaging. Curtains,
drapery and objects such as bookshelves can be placed
along the wall to diffuse an overly reflective surface. A
standard sheet rock or textured wall is generally an adequate surface if the rest of the room is not too bright and
hard. Walls can also be too soft. If the entire front wall
consists of heavy drapery, your system can sound dull.
You may hear muted music with little ambience. Harder
surfaces will actually help in this case.
8 Placement & Room Acoustics
Figure 2. Flashlight toe-in technique.
Tilting the Speakers Backwards and Forwards
As the diagrams show in the Dispersion Interactions section of this manual (page 12), the vertical dispersion is
directional above and below the stator panel itself. In
some instances, if you are sitting close to the floor, slight
forward tilting of the speakers can enhance clarity and
precision. Tilt can be adjusted by adjusting the MiniETC
spikes (see page 11).
12° of tilt beyond the standard 1°. Experimenting with
increased tilt may yield a superior listening experience.
1 Turn off you amplifier. Unplug the speakers and discon-
nect all wires from the back of the Purity.
2 Using a blanket to protect Purity’s cabinet, place the
speaker on its side.
Your Source loudspeaker also is equipped with a pivoting
base which allows the speaker to achieve an additional
3 Loosen and remove the hand nut on bottom of the
speaker.
4 Remove the base, rotate it, and replace it.
5 Re-attach the hand nut.
Imaging
In their final location, your Source’s can have a stage
width somewhat wider than the speakers themselves.
On well recorded music, the instruments can extend
beyond the edges of each speaker (left and right), yet
a vocalist should appear directly in the middle. The size of the
instruments should be neither too large nor too small, subject
to the intent and results of each unique audio recording.
Additionally, you should find good clues as to stage
depth. Make sure that the vertical alignment, distance from
the front wall, and toe-in is exactly the same for both speakers.
This will greatly enhance the quality of your imaging.
Bass Response
Your bass response should neither be one note nor
should it be too heavy. It should extend to the deepest organ passages and yet be tight and well defined.
Kick-drums should be tight and percussive—string
bass notes should be uniform and consistent throughout the entirety of the run without booming or thudding.
Figures 3–5. Rotate the base to accommodate various listening positions.
Tonal Balance
Voices should be natural and full and cymbals
should be detailed and articulate yet not bright and
piercing, pianos should have a nice transient characteristic
and deep tonal registers. This will give you clues on how to
get closer to these ideal virtues.
Final Placement
After the full break in period, obtaining good wall treatments, and the proper toe-in angle, begin to experiment
with the distance from the wall behind the speakers. Move
Placement & Room Acoustics 9
your speaker slightly forward into the room. What happened to the bass response? What happened to the
imaging? If the imaging is more open and spacious and
the bass response is tightened, that is a superior position. Move the speakers back six inches from the initial
setup position and again listen to the imaging and bass
response. There will be a position where you will have pinpoint imaging and good bass response. That position is
the point of the optimal placement from the front wall.
Now experiment with placing the speakers farther apart.
As the speakers are positioned farther apart, listen again,
not so much for bass response but for stage width and
good pinpoint focusing. Your ideal listening position and
speaker position will be determined by:
• Tightness and extension of bass response
• Width of the stage
• Pinpoint focusing of imaging
Once you have determined the best of all three of these
considerations, you will have your best speaker location.
The Extra “Tweak”
This extra “tweak” may be useful when your speakers are
placed in a dedicated listening room. Use the following
procedure and measurements for your speakers placement
to see what can happen to your system’s performance.
These formulas will help determine optimum placement of
your speakers to minimize standing waves.
1 Distance from the front wall (in front of the listening
position) to the center of the curvilinear transducer: To
determine distance from the front wall, measure the
ceiling height (inches) and multiply the figure by 0.618
(i.e. ceiling height (inches) x 0.618 = the distance from
the front wall to the center of the curvilinear transducer).
Your room is actually a component and an important part
of your system. It can dramatically add to, or subtract
from, a great musical experience.
All sound is composed of waves. Each note has its own
wave size, with the lower bass notes literally encompassing
from 10’ feet to as much as 40’ feet. Your room participates in this wave experience like a three dimensional pool
with waves reflecting and becoming enhanced depending
on the size of the room and the types of surfaces in the room.
Remember, your audio system can literally generate all of
the information required to recreate a musical event in time,
space, and tonal balance. Ideally, your room should not
contribute to that information. However, every room does contribute to the sound to some degree. Fortunately MartinLogan
had designed the Source to minimize these anomalies
Terminology
Standing Waves
The parallel walls in your room will reinforce certain notes
to the point that they will sound louder than the rest of
the audio spectrum and cause “one note bass”, “boomy
bass” or “bloated bass”. For instance, 100Hz represents a
10 feet wavelength. Your room will reinforce that specific
frequency if one of the dominant dimensions is 10 feet.
Large objects in the room such as cabinetry or furniture
can help to minimize this potential problem. Some serious
“audiophiles” will literally build a special room with no
parallel walls just to help eliminate this phenomenon.
Reflective Surfaces (near-field reflections)
The hard surfaces of your room, particularly if close to your
speaker system, will reflect some waves back into the room
over and over again, confusing the clarity and imaging of
your system. The smaller sound waves are mostly affected
here, and occur in the mid and high frequencies. This is
where voice and frequencies as high as the cymbals occur.
2 Distance from the side-walls to the center of the curvi-
linear transducer: To determine distance from the side
walls, measure the width of your room in inches and
divide by 18. Next, multiply the quotient by 5 (i.e.
room width in inches / 18 x 5 = the distance from the
side-walls to the center of the curvilinear transducer).
Your Room
This is one of those areas that requires both a little background to understand and some time and experimentation
to obtain the best performance from your system.
10 Placement & Room Acoustics
Resonant Surfaces and Objects
All of the surfaces and objects in your room are subject to
the frequencies generated by your system. Much like an
instrument, they will vibrate and “carry on” in syncopation
with the music, and contribute in a negative way to the
music. Ringing, boominess, and even brightness can occur
simply because they are “singing along” with your music.
Resonant Cavities
Small alcoves or closet type areas in your room can be
chambers that create their own “standing waves” and can
drum their own “one note” sounds.
Clap your hands. Can you hear an instant echo respond
back? You have near-field reflections. Stomp your foot.
Can you hear a “boom”? You have standing waves or
large panel resonances such as a poorly supported wall.
Put your head in a small cavity area and talk loudly. Hear
a booming? You’ve just experienced a cavity resonance.
Rules of Thumb
Hard vs. Soft Surfaces
If the front or back wall of your listening room is soft, it
might benefit you to have a hard or reflective wall in
opposition. The ceiling and floor should follow the same
basic guideline as well. However, the side walls should be
roughly the same in order to deliver a focused image.
This rule suggests that a little reflection is good. As a matter
of fact, some rooms can be so “over damped” with carpeting, drapes and sound absorbers that the music system
can sound dull and lifeless. On the other hand, rooms can
be so hard that the system can sound like a gymnasium
with too much reflection and brightness. The point is that balance is the optimum environment.
Breakup Objects
Objects with complex shapes, such as bookshelves,
cabinetry and multiple shaped walls can help break up
those sonic gremlins and diffuse any dominant frequencies.
the precious timing information that carries the clues to imaging. Consequently the result is blurred imaging and excessive
brightness. Soft walls, curtains, wall hangings, or sound
dampeners (your dealer can give you good information here)
can be effective if these negative conditions occur.
Solid Footing
After living and experimenting with your Source speakers, you
may want to use ETC (energy transfer coupler) Spikes (see
figure 6), which are available from your local MartinLogan
dealer or from the Xtatic shop at www.martinlogan.com.
With the use of these spikes, the Source will become more
firmly planted on the floor and, consequently, bass will tighten and imaging will become more coherent and detailed.
It is best not to implement the spikes, however, until you are
secure in the positioning, as the spikes can damage the floor
if the speaker is moved. MartinLogan ETC spikes will fit any
common 1/4” x 20 thread insert that may be found on your
other audio equipment (racks, etc.)
Spike Installation Instructions:
1 Carefully place your speaker on its side.
2 Remove existing feet. Thread new spikes into holes
and screw them in all of the way. If the speaker does
not sit level loosen one spike until level is achieved.
Dipolar Speakers and Your Room
MartinLogan electrostatic loudspeakers are known as dipolar radiators. This means that they produce sound from
both their fronts and their backs. Consequently, musical
information is reflected by the wall behind them and may
arrive, either in or out of step, with the information produced by the front of the speaker.
The low frequencies can either be enhanced or nulled by
the position from the front wall. Your Source’s have been
designed to be placed two to three feet from the front wall
(the wall in front of the listening position) to obtain the best
results; however, your room may see things differently. So listening to the difference of the bass response as a result of the
changes in distance from the front wall can allow you to get
the best combination of depth of bass and tonal balance.
Now that you know about reflective surfaces and resonant
objects, you can see how the midrange and high frequencies can be affected. The timing of the initial wave as it
radiates to your ears, and then the reflected information as
it arrives at your ears later in time, can result in confusion of
3 Tighten the jam nut snugly by hand. Do not over tighten.
4 Right the speaker.
Caution: Make sure your hands and any cabling are
clear of the spikes. Do not slide speaker as spikes are
sharp and can damage your floor or carpet.
5 Adjust to level by rotating spikes. Tighten the jam nut
securely when satisfied that speaker is level. Caution:
Walking the speaker may result in a broken spike.
Figure 6. The ETC Spike.
Placement & Room Acoustics 11
DISPERSION INTERACTIONS
Controlled Horizontal Dispersion
Your Source’s launch a 30 degree horizontal dispersion pattern. This horizontal dispersion field gives a choice of good
seats for the performance while minimizing interactions with
side walls (see figure 7). Make sure both speakers stand
exactly at the same vertical angle, otherwise the image can
be skewed or poorly defined. The wave launch of both
speakers is extremely accurate in both the time and spectral
domain. Consequently, small refined adjustments can result
in noticeable sonic improvements.
Controlled Vertical Dispersion
As you can see from the illustrations, your Source speakers project a controlled dispersion pattern (see figure 8).
Each Source is a 28 inch line source beginning 22 inches
above the base. This vertical dispersion profile minimizes
interactions with the floor and the ceiling.
Figure 7–8. As can be seen here, point
source concepts invite a great deal of room
interaction. While delivering good frequency
response to a large listening audience, imaging is consequently confused and blurred.
Three Major Types of Dispersion
It is a known fact that as the sound wave becomes progressively smaller than the transducer producing it,
the dispersion of that wave becomes more and more
narrow, or directional. This fact occurs as long as the
transducer is a flat surface. Large flat panel speakers
exhibit venetian blind effects due to this phenomenon.
This is one reason why many manufacturers opt for small
drivers (i.e. tweeters and midrange) to approximate
what is known as a point source wave launch.
Historically, most attempts to achieve smooth dispersion
from large flat panel transducers resulted in trade-offs.
After exhaustive testing of many different methods, we
conceived an elegantly simple, yet intensely hand crafted process. By curving the radiating surface, we create
the effect of a horizontal arc. This allows the engineers at
MartinLogan to control the high frequency dispersion pattern of our transducers.
Figure 9–10. Even though they suffer from
“venetian blind” effect, angled multiple panel
speakers can deliver good imaging, but only
to specific spots in the listening area.
Figure 11–12. A controlled 30 degree cylindrical wave-front, a MartinLogan exclusive,
offers optimal sound distribution with minimal
room interaction. The result is solid imaging
with a wide listening area.
12 Dispersion Interactions
HOME THEATER
It had long been the practice of stereo buffs to connect their
television to a stereo system. The advantage was the use
of the larger speakers and more powerful amplifier of the
stereo system. Even though the sound was greatly improved, it
was still mono and limited by the broadcast signal.
In the late 1970’s and early 1980’s two new home
movie formats became widely available to the public:
VCR and laser disc.
By 1985, both formats had developed into very high quality
audio/video sources. In fact, the sonic performance of some
video formats exceeded audio-only formats. Now, with
theater-quality sound available at home, the only element
missing was the "surround sound" presentation found in
movie houses.
Fortunately, Dolby and DTS encoded DVD’s emerged
with the same surround sound information encoded on
home releases as the theatrical release. Additionally, new
high-resolution home-viewing formats such as HD-DVD
and Blu-ray as well as high-definition content provided via
cable or satellite have evolved which include multi-channel
encoded audio that is virtually master tape quality. All that
is required to retrieve this information is a decoder and
additional speakers and amps to reproduce it.
and that it is recommended for use as a center speaker.
This is not the place to cut corners.
Surround Speakers
We recommend (along with the film industry) that the surround speakers play down to at least 80 Hz. Surround
speakers contain the information that makes it appear that
planes are flying over your head. Some may suggest that this
is the place to save money and purchase small, inexpensive
speakers. If you choose to do so, be prepared to upgrade
in the future as discrete multi-channel digital encoding is
proliferating rapidly and the demands on surround speakers have increased.
Subwoofer
With any good surround system you will need one or
more high-quality subwoofers (the .1 in a 5.1, 6.1, or 7.1
channel surround system). Most movie soundtracks contain
large amounts of bass information as part of the special
effects. Good subwoofers will provide a foundation for the
rest of the system.
Home theater is a complex purchase and we recommend
that you consult your local MartinLogan dealer, as they
are well versed in this subject.
Each piece of a surround system can be purchased separately. Take your time and buy quality. No one has ever
complained that the movie was too real. The following list
and descriptions will give you only a brief outline of the
responsibilities and demands placed on each speaker.
Front Left and Front Right
If these speakers will be the same two used for your stereo
playback, they should be of very high quality and able to
play loudly (over 102 dB) and reproduce bass below 80 Hz.
Center Channel
This is the most important speaker in a home theater
system, as almost all of the dialogue and a large portion
of the front speaker information is reproduced by the center channel. It is important that the center speaker be
extremely accurate and mate well with the front speaker,
Figure 13. Source speakers as front channels, Vignette speakers above
the television and along the back wall as the center and surround (effects)
channels, and Dynamo subwoofers in the front corners as the 0.1 (effects)
channel.
Home Theater 13
ELECTROSTATIC ADVANTAGES
How can sound be reproduced by something that you are
able to see through? Electrostatic energy makes this possible.
Where the world of traditional loudspeaker technology
deals with cones, domes, diaphragms and ribbons that
are moved with magnetism, the world of electrostatic
loudspeakers deals with charged electrons attracting and
repelling each other.
To fully understand the electrostatic concept, some background information will be helpful. Remember when you
learned in a science or physics class that like charges repel
each other and opposite charges attract each other? Well,
this principle is the foundation of the electrostatic concept.
An electrostatic transducer consists of three pieces: stators,
the diaphragm and spacers (see figure 14). The diaphragm is what actually moves to excite the air and create
music. The stator’s job is to remain stationary, hence the
word stator, and to provide a reference point for the moving diaphragm. The spacers provide the diaphragm with
a fixed distance in which to move between the stators.
As your amplifier sends music signals to an electrostatic
speaker, these signals are changed into two high-voltage
signals that are equal in strength but opposite in polarity.
These high voltage signals are then applied to the stators.
The resulting electrostatic field, created by the opposing
high voltage on the stators, works simultaneously with
and against the diaphragm, consequently moving it back
and forth, producing music. This technique is known as
push-pull operation and is a major contributor to the sonic
purity of the electrostatic concept due to its exceptional
linearity and low distortion.
Since the diaphragm of an electrostatic speaker is uniformly driven over its entire area, it can be extremely light and
flexible. This allows it to be very responsive to transients,
thus perfectly tracing the music signal. As a result, great
delicacy, nuance and clarity is possible. When you look
at the problems of traditional electromagnetic drivers, you
can easily see why this is so beneficial. The cones and
domes which are used in traditional electromagnetic drivers cannot be driven uniformly because of their design.
Cones are driven only at the apex. Domes are driven at
their perimeter. As a result, the rest of the cone or dome
is just “along for the ride”. The very concept of these
drivers requires that the cone or dome be perfectly rigid,
damped and massless. Unfortunately, these conditions are
not available in our world today.
To make these cones and domes move, all electromagnetic drivers must use voice coils wound on formers, spider
assemblies, and surrounds to keep the cone or dome in
position (see figure 15). These pieces, when combined
with the high mass of the cone or dome materials used,
make it an extremely complex unit with many weaknesses
and potential for failure. These faults contribute to the high
distortion products found in these drivers and is a tremendous disadvantage when you are trying to change motion
as quickly and as accurately as a loudspeaker must
(40,000 times per second!).
Figure 14. Cut away view of an electrostatic transducer. Notice the
simplicity due to minimal parts usage.
14 Electrostatic Advantages
Figure 15. Cut away view of a typical moving coil driver. Notice the
complexity due to the high number of parts.
Full Range Operation
MARTINLOGAN EXCLUSIVES
Another significant advantage of MartinLogan’s exclusive
transducer technology reveals itself when you look at examples of other loudspeaker products on the market today.
The Source uses no crossover networks above 470 Hz
because they are not needed. The Source consists of a
single, seamless electrostatic membrane reproducing all
frequencies above 470 Hz simultaneously. How is this possible?
First we must understand that music is not composed of
separate high, mid and low frequency pieces. In fact,
music is comprised of a single complex waveform with all
frequencies interacting simultaneously.
The electrostatic transducer of the Source essentially acts
as an exact opposite of the microphones used to record
the original event. A microphone, which is a single working element, transforms acoustic energy into an electrical
signal that can be amplified or preserved by some type
of storage media. The Source’s electrostatic transducer
transforms electrical energy from your amplifier back into
acoustical energy.
Due to the limitations of electromagnetic drivers, no single
unit can reproduce the full range of frequencies. Instead,
these drivers must be designed to operate within a narrow, fixed bandwidth of the frequency range, and then
combined electrically so that the sum of the parts equals
the total signal. While nice in theory, we must deal with
real-world conditions.
In order to use multiple drivers, a crossover network
is enlisted to attempt a division of the complex musical
signal into the separate pieces (usually highs, mids, and
lows) that each specific driver was designed to handle.
Unfortunately, due to the phase relationships that occur
within all crossover networks and during the acoustical
recombination process, nonlinearities and severe degradation of the music signal take place in the ear’s most
critical zone (see figure 16).
The Source’s electrostatic transducer can single-handedly
reproduce all frequencies above 470 Hz simultaneously.
You have in one transducer the ability to handle in elegant
simplicity the critical frequencies above 470 Hz.
The crossover phase aberrations that are associated with
traditional tweeter, midrange, and woofer systems are
eliminated. The result is a dramatic improvement in imaging and staging performance due to the minutely accurate
phase relationship of the full-range panel wave launch.
Figure 16. This diagram illustrates how a conventional speaker system must use multiple crossover networks
that have negative effects on the musical performance.
MartinLogan Exclusives 15
CLS™ (Curvilinear Line Source)
MicroPerf Stator
Since the beginning of audio, achieving smooth dispersion
has been a problem for all designers. Large panel transducers present unique challenge because the larger the
panel, the more directional the dispersion pattern becomes.
Wide range electrostats have long been one of the most
problematic transducers because they attain their full range
capabilities via a large surface area. It looked as if they
were in direct conflict to smooth dispersion and almost
every attempt to correct this resulted in either poor dispersion or a serious compromise in sound quality.
After extensive research, MartinLogan engineers discovered
an elegantly simple solution to achieve a smooth pattern of
dispersion without degrading sound quality. By curving the
horizontal plane of the electrostatic transducer, a controlled
horizontal dispersion pattern could be achieved, yet the
purity of the almost massless electrostatic diaphragm
remained uncompromised. After creating this technology,
MartinLogan developed the production capability to bring
it out of the laboratory and into the market place. You will
find this proprietary MartinLogan technology used in all
of our electrostatic products. It is one of the many reasons
behind our reputation for high quality sound with practical
usability. This is also why you see the unique “see through”
cylindrical shape of MartinLogan products.
Generation 2 Diaphragm
Source’s diaphragm employs an extremely sophisticated
conductive coating applied to the polymer surface at an
atomic level using a plasma bonding process. A proprietary compound is driven into the surface of the polymer
film in an oxygen free argon chamber. This process
allows extremely uniform surface resistivity characteristics,
an optically transparent surface, and a nearly massless
diaphragm. This uniform surface resistivity controls the electrostatic charge on the diaphragm surface and regulates
its migration. As a result, no discharging or “arcing” can
occur.
Sleek. Compact. MicroPerf stator technology, featured in
Source’s electrostatic transducer, reveals more open playable area in each panel, offering increased performance
from even more compact stat panels. It is significant to
note that the electrostatic transducer in the radical new
Source loudspeaker supports the bandwidth and dynamics associated with traditional electrostatic panels nearly
twice its size.
Vacuum Bonding
To achieve the power, precision, and strength of the
electrostatic transducer, two insulated high-purity carbon
steel stators along with a proprietary plasma bonded
diaphragm and ClearSpar™ spacers are fused into a
curved geometry with an aerospace adhesive whose
strength exceeds that of welding. Our proprietary Vacuum
Bonding process guarantees uniform diaphragm tensioning and extremely precise construction tolerances, resulting
in unequivocal precision, linearity and efficiency.
AirFrame™ Technology
Ultra-rigid extruded aerospace grade aluminum alloy
AirFrame™ technology rigidifies and secures the electrostatic panel to the woofer cabinet while at the same
time providing sonic and electrical isolation. Advanced
AirFrame™ technology maximizes the electrostatic panels playable surface area and dipole dispersion pattern
while minimizing potentially acoustically destructive
intermodulated distortion caused by spurious vibrations
and resonance. The result? Ultimate imaging capability,
low-level detail resolution, improved efficiency and overall
accuracy.
16 MartinLogan Exclusives
ELECTROSTATIC HISTORY
In the late 1800’s, any loudspeaker was considered exotic.
Today, most of us take the wonders of sound reproduction for
granted.
It was 1880 before Thomas Edison had invented the first
phonograph. This was a horn-loaded diaphragm that
was excited by a playback stylus. In 1898, Sir Oliver
Lodge invented a cone loudspeaker, which he referred to
as a “bellowing telephone”, that was very similar to the
conventional cone loudspeaker drivers that we know today.
However, Lodge had no intention for his device to reproduce
music because in 1898 there was no way to amplify an
electrical signal! As a result, his speaker had nothing to offer
over the acoustical gramophones of the
period. It was not until 1906 that Dr.
Lee DeForrest invented the triode vacuum tube. Before this, an electrical signal
could not be amplified. The loudspeaker, as we know it today, should have
ensued then, but it did not. Amazingly,
it was almost twenty years before this
would occur.
In 1921, the electrically cut phonograph record became
a reality. This method of recording was far superior to the
mechanically cut record and possessed almost 30 dB of
dynamic range. The acoustical gramophone couldn’t begin
to reproduce all of the information on this new disc. As a
result, further developments in loudspeakers were needed to
cope with this amazing new recording medium.
By 1923, Bell Telephone Laboratories made the decision
to develop a complete musical playback system consisting
of an electronic phonograph and a loudspeaker to take
advantage of the new recording medium. Bell Labs
assigned the project to two young engineers, C. W. Rice
and E. W. Kellogg.
Rice and Kellogg had a well equipped laboratory at their
disposal. This lab possessed a vacuum tube amplifier
with
an unheard of 200 watts, a large selection of the
new
electrically cut phonograph records and a variety of
loudspeaker prototypes that Bell Labs had been collecting
over
the past decade. Among these were Lodge’s cone, a
speaker
ma) speaker, and an electrostatic speaker.
that used compressed air, a corona discharge (plas-
Rice and Kellogg had
narrowed the field of
“contestants down” to the
cone and the electrostat.
After a short time, Rice and Kellogg had narrowed the field
of “contestants” down to the cone and the electrostat. The outcome would dictate the way that future generations would refer
to loudspeakers as being either “conventional” or “exotic”.
Bell Laboratory’s electrostat was something to behold. This
enormous bipolar speaker was as big as a door. The diaphragm, which was beginning to rot, was made of a pig
intestine that was covered with fine gold leaf to conduct the
audio signal.
When Rice and Kellogg began playing the new electrically
cut records through the electrostat, they were stunned and
impressed. The electrostat performed splendidly. They had never heard instrumental
timbres reproduced with such realism.
This system sounded like real music rather
than the honking, squawking rendition of
the acoustic gramophone. Immediately,
they knew they were on to something big.
The acoustic gramophone was
destined to become obsolete.
Due to Rice and Kellogg’s enthusiasm, they devoted a
considerable amount of time researching the electrostatic
design. However, they soon encountered the same difficulties that even present designers face; planar speakers require
a very large surface area to reproduce the lower frequencies of the audio spectrum. Because the management at Bell
Labs considered large speakers
Kellogg’s
for a commercial product. Reluctantly, they advised the Bell
management to go with the cone. For the next 30 years,
electrostatic design lay dormant.
During the Great Depression of the 1930’s, consumer audio
almost died. The new electrically amplified loudspeaker
never gained acceptance, as most people continued to
use their old Victrola-style acoustic gramophones. Prior to
the end of World War II, consumer audio saw little, if any,
progress. However, during the late 1940’s, audio experienced a great rebirth. Suddenly there was tremendous
interest in audio products, and with that, a great demand
for improved audio components. No sooner had the cone
become established than it was challenged by products
developed during this new rebirth.
work on electrostatics would never be put to use
unacceptable, Rice and
the
Electrostatic History 17
In 1947, Arthur Janszen, a young Naval engineer, took part
in a research project for the Navy. The Navy was interested
in developing a better instrument for testing microphone
arrays. The test instrument needed an extremely accurate
speaker, but Janszen found that the cone speakers of the
od were too nonlinear in phase and amplitude response
meet his criteria. Janszen believed that electrostats were inherently more linear than cones, so he built a
plastic diaphragm treated with a conductive coating. This
model confirmed Janszen’s beliefs, for it exhibited remarkable
phase and amplitude linearity.
Janszen was so excited with the results that he continued
research on the electrostatic speaker on his own time. He
soon thought of insulating the stators to
prevent the destructive effects of arcing.
By 1952, he had an electrostatic
tweeter element ready for commercial
production. This new tweeter soon
created a sensation among American
audio hobbyists. Since Janszen’s
tweeter element was limited to high frequency reproduction, it often found itself
used in conjunction with woofers—most notably, those from
Acoustic Research. These systems were highly regarded by
all audio enthusiasts.
As good as these systems were, they would soon be surpassed
by another electrostatic speaker.
In 1955, Peter Walker published three articles regarding
electrostatic loudspeaker design in Wireless World, a British
magazine. In these articles, Walker demonstrated the benefits
of the electrostatic loudspeaker. He explained that electrostatics permit the use of diaphragms that are low in mass, large
in area and uniformly driven over their surfaces by electrostatic forces. Due to these characteristics, electrostats have the
inherent ability to produce a wide bandwidth, flat frequency
response with distortion products being no greater than the
electronics driving them.
By 1956, Walker backed up his articles by introducing a
consumer product, the now famous Quad ESL. This speaker
immediately set a standard of performance for the audio
industry due to its incredible accuracy. However, in actual
use, the Quad had a few problems. It could not be played
very loud, it had poor bass performance, it presented a difficult load that some amplifiers did not like, its dispersion
model
using a thin
These developments allow
the consumer to own the
highest performance loud-
speaker products ever built.
peri-
to
was very directional and its power handling was limited to
around 70 watts. As a result, many people continued to use
box speakers with cones.
In the early 1960’s Arthur Janszen joined forces with the KLH
loudspeaker company, and together they introduced the KLH
9. Due to the large size of the KLH 9, it did not have as
many sonic limitations as the Quad. The KLH 9 could play
markedly louder and lower in frequency than the Quad ESL.
Thus a rivalry was born.
Janszen continued to develop electrostatic designs. He
was instrumental in the design of the Koss Model One,
the Acoustech and the Dennesen speakers. Roger West,
the chief designer of the Janszen
Corporation, became the president of Sound Lab.
Corporation was
loudspeaker company bought
half of the production tooling. This
tooling was used to make the
trostatic panels for the Servostatic, a
hybrid electrostatic
Infinity’s first speaker product. Other companies soon
followed; each with their own unique applications of
the technology. These include Acoustat, Audiostatic, Beverage,
Dayton Wright, Sound Lab and Stax, to name a few.
Electrostatic speakers have progressed and prospered
because they actually do what Peter Walker claimed they
would. The limitations and problems experienced in the past
were not inherent to the electrostatic concept. They were
related to the applications of these concepts.
Today, these limitations have been resolved. Advancements
in materials due to the U.S. space program give designers
the ability to harness the superiority of the electrostatic principle. Today’s electrostats use advanced insulation techniques
or provide protection circuitry. The poor dispersion properties of early models have been addressed by using delay
lines, acoustical lenses, multiple panel arrays or, as in our
own products, by curving the diaphragm. Power handling
and sensitivity have also been increased.
These developments allow the consumer the opportunity to
own the highest performance loudspeaker products ever
built. It’s too bad Rice and Kellogg were never able to see
just how far the technology would be taken.
When Janszen
sold, the RTR
elec-
system that was
18 Electrostatic History
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
How do I clean my speakers?
Use a dust free cloth or a soft brush to remove the dust
from your speakers. We also recommend a specialty
cloth (available at the Xtatic shop at www.martinlogan.
com) that cleans your speakers better than anything else
we have tried. For the wood surfaces it is acceptable to
slightly dampen the cloth. Do not spray any kind
of cleaning agent on or in close proximity
to the electrostatic element. Avoid the use of
ammonia based products or silicone oil on
the wood parts.
What is the advantage of ESL?
Since the diaphragm is uniformly driven over its entire
surface—unlike a tweeter that is only driven at its
edges— it is the only technology that can be made
large enough to play bass, yet is still light enough for
high frequencies. This unique property allows for the
elimination of high frequency crossover points and their
associated distortions.
What size amplifier should I use?
We recommend an amplifier with 100 to 200 watts
per channel for most applications. Probably less would
be adequate for our smaller hybrids or when used in
home theater where a subwoofer is employed. Our
hybrid designs will perform well with either a tube or
transistorized amplifier, and will reveal the sonic character of either type. However, it is important that the
amplifier be stable operating into varying impedance
loads: an ideally stable amplifier will typically be able
to deliver nearly twice its rated wattage into 4 Ohms
and should again increase into 2 Ohms.
Could you suggest a list of suitable electronics and cables that would be ideal for
MartinLogan speakers?
The area of electronics and cable choice is probably
the most common type of question that we receive. It
is also the most subjective. We have repeatedly found
that brands that work well in one setup will drive someone else nuts in another. We use many brands with
great success. Again, we have no favorites; we use
electronics and cables quite interchangeably. We
would suggest listening to a number of brands—and
above all else— trust your ears. Dealers are always the
best source for information when purchasing additional
audio equipment.
Is there likely to be any interaction between my
speakers and the television in my Audio/Video
system?
Actually, there is less interaction between a television
and an electrostatic speaker than between a television
and a conventional system. However, we do recommend
that you keep your speakers at least one foot away
from the television because of the dynamic woofer they
employ.
Will my electric bill go ‘sky high’ by leaving my
speakers plugged in all the time?
No. A pair of MartinLogan’s will draw about 8 watts
maximum (idle). There is circuitry to turn off the static
charge when not in use; however, actual consumption
will remain close to the same. The primary purpose of
the sensing circuitry is to prevent dust collection on the
electrostatic element.
If the diaphragm is punctured with a pencil or
similar item, how extensive would the damage
to the speaker be?
Our research department has literally punctured hundreds
of holes in a diaphragm, neither affecting the quality of
the sound nor causing the diaphragm to rip. However,
you will be able to see the actual puncture and it can
be a physical nuisance. If this is the case, replacing the
electrostatic transducer will be the only solution.
Will exposure to sunlight affect the life or performance of my speakers?
We recommend that you not place any loudspeaker
in direct sunlight. The ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun
can cause deterioration of grill cloth, speaker cones,
etc. Small exposures to UV will not cause a problem.
In general, the filtering of UV rays through glass will
greatly reduce the negative effects on the electrostatic
membrane itself.
Frequently Asked Questions 19
Will excessive smoke or dust cause any problems with my electrostatic speakers?
Exposure to excessive contaminants such as smoke
or dust may potentially affect the performance of the
electrostatic membrane, and may cause discoloration
of the diaphragm membrane. When not in use for
extended periods, you should unplug the speakers and
cover them with the plastic bags in which the speakers
were originally packed. It is a good idea to vacuum
the electrostatic portion of each speaker three or four
times a year. See the vacuuming FAQ.
A problem has recently developed with my
MartinLogan speakers. The right speaker
seems to be hissing even when the amplifier
and such are not connected. I was wondering if this sounds like any problem you have
encountered previously and have a simple
solution for or might it be something which will
need to be looked into more carefully.
Your speakers are dusty. See the vacuuming FAQ. The
electrostatic charge on the element has attracted airborne
dust or pollen. Since 1993, all of our speakers have
been built with a charging circuit board that only charges the electrostatic element when music plays. At other
times they are not charged and cannot collect dust. You
can get the same benefit by simply unplugging them
whenever they are not in use. A power strip is an easy
way to do that.
tremendous difference in the consistent performance of
our product. There may be a little more maintenance
involved in humid regions when not in an air conditioned environment. Simply enough, the concern is to
keep the electrostatic panels dust free. Humidity will
combine with any dust on the panel to make it slightly
conductive. This will result in a slight pathway for the
charge to leave the membrane of the speaker. The solution is simple. They only require occasional vacuuming
with a strong vacuum hose.
How do I vacuum my MartinLogan speakers?
Vacuuming will be most effective if the speakers have
been unplugged for six hours to twelve hours (or overnight). You need not worry about the vacuum pressure
damaging the "delicate" membrane. It is extraordinarily durable. Dirt and dust may be vacuumed off. Use
an open hose with your finger tips at the opening acting as a soft bumper to prevent the hose from scratching
the coating of the panel. When vacuuming or blowing
off your panels do so to both sides, but focus the majority of your attention on the front of the panels.
Should I unplug my speakers during a thunderstorm?
Yes, or before. It’s a good idea to disconnect all of
your audio/video components during stormy weather.
Could my children, pets, or myself be shocked
by the high-voltage present in the electrostatic
panel?
No. High voltage with low current is not dangerous.
As a matter of fact, the voltage in our speakers is 10
times less than the static electricity that builds up on the
surface of your television screen.
How do MartinLogan speakers hold up over a
long term in the humidity of tropical climates?
We should tell you that MartinLogan indeed has a very
substantial number of customers in tropical regions of
the world. Our speakers have been serving them nicely
for many years. This concern may have come from our
earlier design of speakers, which were charged continuously. Since 1993, all of our speakers have been
designed so that they only charge the panel while
music is being played. This improvement has made a
20 Frequently Asked Questions
TROUBLESHOOTING
No Output
• Check that all your system components are turned on.
• Check your speaker wires and connections.
• Check all interconnecting cables.
• Try hooking up a different set of speakers. The lack of
output could point to a problem with other equipment in
your system (amp, pre-amp, processor, etc.)
Weak or no Output from Electrostatic Panel, Loss
of Highs
• Check the power cord. Is it properly connected to the
speaker and to the wall?
• Is the power cord connected to a switched outlet?
• Dirt and dust may need to be vacuumed off. Please see
the FAQ regarding vacuuming.
• Check the binding posts. Are the dirty? If so clean them
with rubbing alcohol.
• Check the binding posts. Are the loose? Make sure
they are firmly hand-tightened.
• Has a foreign substance (such as a household cleaning
chemical or soap) been applied to the panel? If so the
speaker will require servicing.
Popping and Ticking Sounds, Funny Noises
• These occasional noises are harmless and will not hurt
your audio system or your speakers. All electrostatic
speakers are guilty of making odd noises at one time or
another. It is the result of airborne contaminates (most
notably dust). Vacuuming is recommended.
• These noises may be caused by dirt and dust particles
collecting on the speaker, by high humidity.
• Dirt and dust may need to be vacuumed off. Please see
the FAQ regarding vacuuming.
Exaggerated Highs, Brightness
• Check the toe-in of the speakers. Read the Placement
section of this manual for more information.
Muddy Bass
• Check placement. Try moving the speakers closer to the
front and sidewalls.
• Possibly means low electrostatic panel output. See
'Weak Output from Electrostatic Panel, Loss of Highs’.
Lack of Bass, No Bass
• Check your speaker wires. Is the polarity correct?
• Check the binding posts. Are the dirty? If so clean them
with rubbing alcohol.
• Check the binding posts. Are the loose? Make sure
they are firmly hand-tightened.
Poor Imaging
• Check placement. Are both speakers the same distance
from the walls? Do they have the same amount of toein? Try moving the speakers away from the back and
sidewalls.
• Check the polarity of the speaker wires. Are they connected properly?
• Try switching the left speaker with the right.
• Are your speakers set up in an L-shaped room? If so,
you may experience off-center imaging. Talk to your
dealer about acoustical room treatment options.
Troubleshooting 21
GENERAL INFORMATION
Specifications* Warranty and Registration
System Frequency Response:
43–22,000 Hz ± 3db
Dispersion
Horizontal: 30 Degrees
Vertical: 28” (71 cm) line source
Sensitivity
90 dB/2.83 volts/meter
Impedance
Nominal: 5 ohms
Minimum: 1.6 ohms @ 20 kHz
Crossover Frequency
470 Hz
Components
Custom-wound audio transformer, air core coils
Woofer Type
8” (20.3 cm) high excursion, high-rigidity paper cone with
extended throw driver assembly, non-resonance asymmetrical chamber format, bass reflex
Your Source speakers are provided with an automatic
Limited 90 Day Warranty coverage. You have the
option, at no additional charge, to receive a Limited
5 Year Warranty coverage. To obtain the Limited
5 Year Warranty coverage you need to complete and
return the Certificate of Registration, included with your
speakers, and provide a copy of your dealer receipt, to
MartinLogan within 30 days of purchase. For your convenience MartinLogan also offers online warranty registration at
www.martinlogan.com.
MartinLogan may not honor warranty service claims unless
we have a completed Warranty Registration card on
file! If you did not receive a Certificate of Registration with
your new Source speakers you cannot be sure of having
received new units. If this is the case, please contact your
authorized MartinLogan dealer.
Serial Number
Source’s serial number is located near the binding posts.
Each individual unit has a unique serial number.
Service
Power Handling
200 watts per channel
Weight
47 lbs. each (21.4 kg)
Size
51.2” h x 9.7” w x 14.6” d
(130 h x 24.5 w x 37 d cm)
Should you be using your MartinLogan product in a country
other than the one in which it was originally purchased,
we ask that you note the following:
1 The appointed MartinLogan distributor for any given
country is responsible for warranty servicing only on
units distributed by or through it in that country in
accordance with its applicable warranty.
2 Should a MartinLogan product require servicing in a
country other than the one in which it was originally
purchased, the end user may seek to have repairs performed by the nearest MartinLogan distributor, subject
to that distributor’s local servicing policies, but all cost of
repairs (parts, labor, transportation) must be born by the
owner of the MartinLogan product.
3 If, after owning your speakers for six months, you
relocate to a country other than the one in which
you purchased your speakers, your warranty may be
transferable. Contact MartinLogan for details.
*Specifications are subject to change without notice.
22 General Information
DIMENSIONAL DRAWINGS
Dimensional Drawings 23
GLOSSARY OF AUDIO TERMS
AC. Abbreviation for alternating current.
Active crossover. Uses active devices (transistors, IC’s,
tubes) and some form of power supply to operate.
Amplitude. The extreme range of a signal. Usually mea-
sured from the average to the extreme.
Arc. The visible sparks generated by an electrical discharge.
Bass. The lowest frequencies of sound.
Bi-Amplification. Uses an electronic crossover, or line-
level passive crossover, and separate power amplifiers for
the high and low frequency loudspeaker drivers.
Capacitance. That property of a capacitor which deter-
mines how much charge can be stored in it for a given
potential difference between its terminals, measured in
farads, by the ratio of the charge stored to the potential
difference.
Capacitor. A device consisting of two or more conducting
plates separated from one another by an insulating material and used for storing an electrical charge. Sometimes
called a condenser.
Clipping. Distortion of a signal by its being chopped
off. An overload problem caused by pushing an amplifier
beyond its capabilities. The flat-topped signal has high levels
of harmonic distortion which creates heat in a loudspeaker
and is the major cause of loudspeaker component failure.
CLS. The abbreviation for curvilinear linesource.
Crossover. An electrical circuit that divides a full band-
width signal into the desired frequency bands for the
loudspeaker components.
dB (decibel). A numerical expression of the relative loud-
ness of a sound. The difference in decibels between two
sounds is ten times the Base 10 logarithm of the ratio of
their power levels.
DC. Abbreviation for direct current.
Diffraction. The breaking up of a sound wave caused by
some type of mechanical interference such as a cabinet
edge, grill frame or other similar object.
Diaphragm. A thin flexible membrane or cone that
vibrates in response to electrical signals to produce sound
waves.
Distortion. Usually referred to in terms of total harmonic
distortion (THD) which is the percentage of unwanted harmonics of the drive signal present with the wanted signal.
Generally used to mean any unwanted change introduced
by the device under question.
Driver. See transducer.
Dynamic Range. The range between the quietest and
the loudest sounds a device can handle (often quoted in
dB).
Efficiency. The acoustic power delivered for a given elec-
trical input. Often expressed as decibels/watt/meter
(dB/w/m).
ESL. The abbreviation for electrostatic loudspeaker.
Headroom. The difference, in decibels, between the
peak and RMS levels in program material.
Hybrid. A product created by the marriage of two dif-
ferent technologies. Meant here as the combination of a
dynamic woofer with an electrostatic transducer.
Hz (Hertz). Unit of frequency equivalent to the number of
cycles per second.
Imaging. To make a representation or imitation of the original
sonic event.
Impedance. The total opposition offered by an electric
circuit to the flow of an alternating current of a single frequency. It is a combination of resistance and reactance and
is measured in ohms. Remember that a speaker’s impedance changes with frequency, it is not a constant value.
24 Glossary of Audio Terms
Inductance. The property of an electrical circuit by which
a varying current in it produces a varying magnetic field
that introduces voltages in the same circuit or in a nearby
circuit. It is measured in henrys.
Inductor. A device designed primarily to introduce induc-
tance into an electrical circuit. Sometimes called a choke
or coil.
Linearity. The extent to which any signal handling pro-
cess is accomplished without amplitude distortion.
Midrange. The middle frequencies where the ear is the
most sensitive.
Passive crossover. Uses no active components (transis-
tors, IC’s, tubes) and needs no power supply (AC, DC,
battery) to operate. The crossover in a typical loudspeaker is of the passive variety. Passive crossovers consist of
capacitors, inductors and resistors.
Phase. The amount by which one sine wave leads or lags
a second wave of the same frequency. The difference is
described by the term phase angle. Sine waves in phase
reinforce each other; those out of phase cancel.
Resistor. A device used in a circuit to provide resistance.
Resonance. The effect produced when the natural vibra-
tion frequency of a body is greatly amplified by reinforcing
vibrations at the same or nearly the same frequency from
another body.
Sensitivity. The volume of sound delivered for a given
electrical input.
Stator. The fixed part forming the reference for the moving
diaphragm in a planar speaker.
THD. The abbreviation for total harmonic distortion. (See
Distortion)
TIM. The abbreviation for transient intermodulation distortion.
Transducer. Any of various devices that transmit energy
from one system to another, sometimes one that converts
the energy in form. Loudspeaker transducers convert electrical energy into mechanical motion.
Transient. Applies to that which lasts or stays but a short
time. A change from one steady-state condition to another.
Pink noise. A random noise used in measurements, as it
has the same amount of energy in each octave.
Polarity. The condition of being positive or negative with
respect to some reference point or object.
RMS. Abbreviation for root mean square. The effective value
of a given waveform is its RMS value. Acoustic power is
proportional to the square of the RMS sound pressure.
Resistance. That property of a conductor by which it oppos-
es the flow of electric current, resulting in the generation of
heat in the conducting material, usually expressed in ohms.
Tweeter. A small drive unit designed to reproduce only
high frequencies.
Wavelength. The distance measured in the direction of
progression of a wave, from any given point characterized by the same phase.
White noise. A random noise used in measurements, as
it has the same amount of energy at each frequency.
Woofer. A drive unit operating in the bass frequencies
only. Drive units in two-way systems are not true woofers
but are more accurately described as being mid/bass
drivers.
Glossary of Audio Terms 25
NOTES
26 Notes
Notes 27
WARNING! Do not use your Source loudspeakers outside of the country of original sale—voltage requirements vary by country. Improper voltage can cause damage that will be potentially expensive to repair. The
Source is shipped to authorized MartinLogan distributors with the correct power supply for use in the country of intended sale. A list of authorized distributors can be accessed at www.martinlogan.com or by emailing
info@martinlogan.com.
®
Lawrence, Kansas, USA tel 785.749.0133 fax 785.749.5320 www.martinlogan.com
©2007 MartinLogan. All rights reserved. Rev. #051007
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