Macromedia ColdFusion - 10.0 User Manual

ColdFusion 10 Lockdown Guide

Contents

Section 1: Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 5

1.1 Default File Paths and Usernames ...................................................................................................... 5

1.2 Operating Systems and Web Servers .................................................................................................. 5

1.3 ColdFusion Version ............................................................................................................................. 5

1.4 Scope of Document ............................................................................................................................. 5

Section 2: Installation Prerequisites ............................................................................................................. 5

2.1 Prerequisites for all ColdFusion installations ...................................................................................... 5

2.2 Prerequisites for a Windows 2008 Server Installation........................................................................ 6

2.2.1 Create Dedicated User Accounts ................................................................................................. 6

2.2.2 Create Web Root Directory .......................................................................................................... 7

2.2.3 Grant the Permission to Web Site Root Directories .................................................................... 7

2.2.4 Add / Remove IIS Server Roles ................................................................................................... 10

2.2.5 Delete Default IIS Web Site ........................................................................................................ 12

2.2.6 IIS Application Pool Settings ...................................................................................................... 12

2.2.7 Anonymous Access Identity ....................................................................................................... 14

2.2.8 Setup Request Filtering .............................................................................................................. 14

2.2.9 Create a Website For ColdFusion Administrator ....................................................................... 17

2.3 Prerequisites for a RedHat Enterprise Linux 6.3 Installation ............................................................ 20

2.3.1 Before you Install RedHat Enterprise Linux ............................................................................... 20

2.3.2 Installing RedHat Enterprise Linux ............................................................................................. 20

2.3.3 Update Installed Software and Remove Unnecessary Software ............................................... 20

2.3.4 Install/Update Apache and remove Unnecessary Modules ...................................................... 21

2.3.5 Create users and groups for ColdFusion and Apache ................................................................ 21

2.3.6 Apache Configuration ................................................................................................................ 21

Section 3 Installing ColdFusion ................................................................................................................... 24

3.1 Run ColdFusion Installer ................................................................................................................... 24

Section 4 Post ColdFusion Installation ........................................................................................................ 29

4.1 Windows 2008 Post ColdFusion Installation ..................................................................................... 29

4.1.1 Install ColdFusion Hotfixes ......................................................................................................... 29

4.1.2 Setup Permissions on ColdFusion installation directory ............................................................ 29

4.1.3 Specify Log On User for ColdFusion Services ............................................................................. 30

4.1.4 Remove /CFIDE and /cfdocs virtual directories added by installer ........................................... 31

4.1.5 Setup Virtual Directory alias for /CFIDE/scripts/ ....................................................................... 31

4.1.6 Update Java Virtual Machine ..................................................................................................... 32

4.1.7 Block Unused file types .............................................................................................................. 32

4.1.8 Remove Unused Handler Mappings .......................................................................................... 33

4.1.9 Handler Mapping Settings ......................................................................................................... 33

4.1.10 Optionally Remove ASP.NET .................................................................................................... 34

4.2.1 Install ColdFusion Hotfixes / Updates ........................................................................................ 34

4.2.2 Specify permissions on web sites............................................................................................... 35

4.2.3: Specify permissions for ColdFusion Directories ........................................................................ 35

4.2.4: Install Apache Connector .......................................................................................................... 36

4.2.5 Create a virtual mapping for /CFIDE/scripts .............................................................................. 37

4.2.6 Update Java Virtual Machine ..................................................................................................... 37

4.2.7 Setup Auditing ............................................................................................................................ 38

4.2.8 Add umask to startup script ....................................................................................................... 38

4.3.1 Enable Sandbox Security ............................................................................................................ 38

4.3.2 Remove Tomcat Web Server on cfusion instance ..................................................................... 39

4.3.3 Apply any ColdFusion additional Security Patches .................................................................... 39

4.3.4 Tomcat Shutdown Port .............................................................................................................. 39

4.3.5 Add a connector shared secret .................................................................................................. 40

4.3.6 Additional Tomcat Security Considerations ............................................................................... 40

4.3.7 Additional File Security Considerations ..................................................................................... 40

Section 5: ColdFusion Administrator Settings............................................................................................. 40

5.1 Server Settings > Settings .................................................................................................................. 40

5.2 Server Settings > Request Tuning ..................................................................................................... 44

5.3 Server Settings > Client Variables ..................................................................................................... 45

5.4 Server Settings > Memory Variables ................................................................................................. 45

5.5 Server Settings > Mail ....................................................................................................................... 46

5.6 Data & Services > Data Sources ........................................................................................................ 46

5.7 Data & Services > Flex Integration .................................................................................................... 47

5.8 Debugging & Logging > Debug Output Settings ................................................................................ 47

5.9 Debugging & Logging > Debugger Settings ....................................................................................... 47

5.10 Debugging & Logging > Logging Settings ........................................................................................ 47

5.11 Event Gateways > Settings .............................................................................................................. 48

5.12 Security > Administrator ................................................................................................................. 48

5.13 Security > RDS ................................................................................................................................. 48

5.14 Security > Sandbox Security ............................................................................................................ 49

5.15 Security > Allowed IP Addresses ..................................................................................................... 49

5.16 Server Update > Updates > Settings ............................................................................................... 49

Section 6: ColdFusion Server Services ........................................................................................................ 50

6.1 Servlets and Servlet Mappings in web.xml ....................................................................................... 50

6.2 Disabling RDS if Already Installed ..................................................................................................... 51

6.3 Disabling support for JWS files .......................................................................................................... 51

6.4 Disabling the GraphServlet ............................................................................................................... 52

6.5 Disabling Flash Remoting Servlet Mappings ..................................................................................... 52

6.6 Disabling Flash Form Servlet Mappings ............................................................................................ 52

6.7 Disabling the CFReport Servlet Mapping .......................................................................................... 53

6.8 Remove WSRP Servlet Mapping ....................................................................................................... 53

6.9 Disabling the CFFileServlet Mapping ................................................................................................ 53

6.10 Disabling Remote CFC Invocation ................................................................................................... 54

6.11 Adding ClickJacking Protection ....................................................................................................... 54

6.12 Security Constraints in web.xml ...................................................................................................... 54

Section 7: Patch Management Procedures ................................................................................................. 55

Appendex A: Sources of Information .......................................................................................................... 56

Appendix B: List of Acronyms ..................................................................................................................... 56

Section 1: Introduction

The ColdFusion 10 Server Lockdown Guide is written to help server administrators secure their ColdFusion 10 installations. In this document you will find several tips and suggestions intended to improve the security of your ColdFusion server. The reader is strongly encouraged to test all recommendations on an isolated test environment before deploying into production.

1.1 Default File Paths and Usernames

This guide will provide example file system paths for installation, you do not need to use the same example installation paths provided in this guide.

1.2 Operating Systems and Web Servers

This guide focuses on Windows 2008 / IIS 7, and Redhat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) 6.3 / Apache 2.2. Many of the suggestions presented in this document can be extrapolated to apply to similar Operating Systems and Web Servers.

1.3 ColdFusion Version

This guide was written for ColdFusion 10.0 Enterprise Edition.

1.4 Scope of Document

This document does not detail security settings for the Operating System, the Web Server, or Network Firewalls. It is focused on security settings for the ColdFusion server only.

All suggestions in this document should be tested and validated on a non-production environment before deploying to production.

Section 2: Installation Prerequisites

Before running the ColdFusion 10 installer follow the steps in this section to prepare your Web Server for installation.

2.1 Prerequisites for all ColdFusion installations

Create a separate partition / drive for ColdFusion Installation and website assets. This mitigates

the successfulness of path traversal attacks. Install the latest security patches for your Operating System

Install the latest security patches for your Web Server Software

Configure your Firewall to block all non-administrative traffic to the server during installation.

Download ColdFusion 10 from Adobe.com

Verify that the MD5 checksum of the downloaded file matches the MD5 specified on the



Adobe.com download page.

On Mac OSX: To obtain the MD5 checksum of a file on Mac OSX launch Terminal.app and type: md5

filename

On Linux: To obtain the MD5 checksum of a file on RedHat Enterprise Linux open a shell and type:

md5sum filename

On Windows:

Windows installations do not include a MD5 checksum verifier by default. Microsoft provides a free MD5 checksum verifier called sigcheck.exe as part of SysInternals toolkit. Download the utility, open the command prompt and type sigcheck -h filename. The sigcheck utility not only generates a MD5 sum, it also verifies the signature of the ColdFusion installation executable (you should see Verified: Signed in the program output).

2.2 Prerequisites for a Windows 2008 Server Installation

Read the Microsoft Windows Security Compliance Management Toolkit (see Appendix A.1)



Run Windows Update to ensure all software is up to date



Create Dedicated User Accounts



Ensure that all partitions use NTFS to allow for fine grained access control.

  Setup a dedicated website for CF administrator

2.2.1 Create Dedicated User Accounts

Create a new User for the ColdFusion Service to Run As, in the screenshot below we call this user cfusion, choose a unique username that may not be easily guessed.

Create ColdFusion Service User Account

Next create a new user for the IIS Application Pool:

For both users right click and select Properties. In the Remote Desktop Services Profile tab check the box that says Deny this user permission to log on to Remote Desktop Session Host server.

If you are setting up multiple instances of ColdFusion for different applications you will want to create dedicated user accounts for each instance to isolate them from each other. In addition each IIS application pool can have a dedicated user account, typically each website in IIS is assigned its own application pool.

If the new users were added to any default groups (such as Users) remove them from that group.

2.2.2 Create Web Root Directory

Created a separate partition for the CFML source and web site assets, for the examples in this guide it is mapped to drive f:\.

Create a directory to contain the web sites for example f:\web\ and then create a sub directory to house each web site.

2.2.3 Grant the Permission to Web Site Root Directories

Right click on the Web site partition folder (eg f:\web\), and select properties. Select the Security tab and click the Advanced button:

In the Advanced Security Settings Dialog click the Edit Button:

Uncheck the checkbox labeled Include inheritable permissions from this object’s parent. A confirmation box will appear, select remove:

User / Group

Permissions

Administrators (or equivalent users and groups)

Full Control

iisservice (Your Application Pool Identity User)

List folder / read data

IUSR (the anonymous authentication account)

List folder / read data

cfusion (Your ColdFusion Service Identity)

List folder / read data

2.2.3.1 Web Root Content Security Permissions

 

 Read attributes  Read extended attributes  Read permissions



 Read attributes  Read extended attributes  Read permissions



 Read attributes  Read extended attributes  Read permissions  (Add additional write/delete

permissions to folders or files that CF must write to)

Click the Add button and add the iisservice user grant Read and List Folder Contents Permission. Add the cfusion user and grant Read, List Folder Contents Permission. Grant cfusion Write and Delete permission if your applications make use of the file system via (cffile, cfdirectory, etc). Also give the Administrators full control over this folder, and remove any unnecessary privileges.

Check the Replace all existing inheritable auditing entries on all descendants with inheritable auditing entries from this object checkbox to propagate this setting to all sub folders and files existing or created below this folder.

Select the Auditing tab in the Advanced Security Settings dialog. Click the Edit button and ensure that some level of auditing exists. Auditing can generate a large amount of logs, and if too verbose can make the job of monitoring the server logs difficult. Auditing every successful file read in this directory may not be necessary. Use your judgement to determine an appropriate auditing policy based on your security requirements. A good minimal policy would be to audit all Fails, and certain Success events (Delete, Change Permissions, etc).

2.2.4 Add / Remove IIS Server Roles

On a clean Windows 2008 install IIS may need to be installed. This is done by opening the Server Manager and selecting Roles:

Next Click Add Roles, and select the checkbox next to Web Server (IIS):

The IIS role includes a number of optional sub-components called “Role Services”. ColdFusion requires that the ASP.NET, CGI, ISAPI Extensions and ISAPI Filters Role Services are selected. After we have configured the ColdFusion 10 IIS connection we can actually remove the ASP.NET and CGI Role Services.

Review the list of Role Services and remove any that may not be necessary (for example Directory Browsing). You may find other Role Services to be useful or necessary, such as Logging Tools, HTTP Redirection, Request Filtering, and IP and Domain Restrictions.

2.2.5 Delete Default IIS Web Site

A web site is installed with IIS called Default Web Site, right click and select Remove.

2.2.6 IIS Application Pool Settings

Click on Application Pools in IIS Manager and then click Set Application Pool Defaults in the Actions menu. This allows you to change the defaults used when a new Application Pool is created. By default each new web site in IIS gets it’s own Application Pool. Remove any unused application pools (such as the one created by default).

Change the .NET Framework Version to No Managed Code if your web sites do not require .NET.

Under Process Model change the Identity to be the IIS user you created (for example iisservice). You will be prompted for the password of this user:

Remove any Application Pools that are defined and not in use, such as the DefaultAppPool.

2.2.7 Anonymous Access Identity

By default IIS7 is setup to use the built-in Windows user account called IUSR for anonymous request authentication. This means that when a request is made to your web site without authenticating with the web server will use IUSR for the NTFS file permissions.

The IUSR account is setup to be a low privilege account, but there may be cases where you want to change this to another account, for example if you want to isolate between multiple web sites or applications. The IUSR account is inherently a member of the Users group which may allow for additional unnecessary access to files.

2.2.8 Setup Request Filtering

Make sure that you have the Request Filtering Role Service for IIS installed. Under the IIS root (applicable for all web sites) click on Request Filtering. Select the URL tab and click Deny Sequence.

When a string is added to the Deny Sequence if it is matched in the url IIS will return a 404 Not Found response, and the request will not reach the ColdFusion server.

Our strategy here is to block all URI’s that do not need to be accessible to the public. Some of the resources we will block here may not pose any known threat but could be used to determine the version of ColdFusion you are running. Ideally we could block all /CFIDE, however if you use cfchart the generated graphics are rendered from /CFIDE/GraphData.cfm

It is not possible using request filtering to deny the URI /CFIDE but then allow /CFIDE/GraphData.cfm for example.

URI

Purpose

Safe to Block

/CFIDE/administrator

ColdFusion Administrator

Yes, we will create a dedicated

/CFIDE/adminapi

Admin API

Yes, if the admin api is called

/CFIDE/AIR

AIR Sync API

Usually, unless AIR sync API is used.

/CFIDE/appdeployment

Yes

/CFIDE/classes

Contains java applets for cfgrid, cftree, and cfslider

Usually, unless java applets are used.

/CFIDE/componentutils

CFC Documentation viewer

Yes

/CFIDE/debug

Used when debugging is enabled on the server.

Yes

/CFIDE/images

Contains two image files that do

Yes

/CFIDE/multiservermonitor-

Used to set a policy for allowing

Yes - the server monitor now

/CFIDE/orm

Contains interfaces used with

Yes

/CFIDE/portlets

Contains API for building

Yes

If you are not using cfchart and do not need access to any of the URIs below you may simply deny /CFIDE instead of listing each sub directory.

2.2.8.1 CFIDE URIs

web site for ColdFusion administrator access.

from internal CFML code it will still work when the URI is blocked. If the admin api is accessed through a remote cfc function call then use another method to protect this uri (eg IP restriction). Do not leave this URI open to the public.

access-policy.xml

not appear to be used anymore

viewing the server monitor from multiple domains.

ORM. These interfaces do not need to be accessible through the web server.

portlets with JSR-286, JSR-168 or WSRP. The API does not need to be accessible through the web server.

runs on its own web server on port 5500.

/CFIDE/probe.cfm

You can configure probes in the

Yes, however if you want to use

/CFIDE/scheduler

Contains an interface for

Yes

/CFIDE/scripts

Contains javascript and other

Yes - we will create a new, non

/CFIDE/ServerManager

Contains the AIR application

Yes

/CFIDE/services

Contains CFCs that can act as a

Yes

/CFIDE/websocket

API for web socket listener

Yes /CFIDE/wizards

Possibly used for IDE

Yes /CFIDE/GraphData

Used to render cfgraph and

Only if cfchart and cfgraph is /CFIDE/main

Used for RDS

Yes

URI

Purpose

Safe to Block

ColdFusion administrator which are used to monitor a URL for failures. This will throw an exception if not run over

127.0.0.1.

scheduled task event handlers. Does not need to be accessible through the web server.

assets for several ColdFusion features cfform, cfchart, ajax tags, etc.

binary for the Server Manager.

service layer to Flex, or other client side applications. The client application must have a username / password and also an allowed IP. Enabling this feature can open up a large amount of security risk to the application server.

probes you should create a web site that only listens on

127.0.0.1 and remove this block.

default URI for this folder, and specify the new URI in the ColdFusion administrator.

Additional URI Sequences to consider blocking

CFCs. Does not need to be open via the web server if used.

integration, not needed on production.

cfchart assets.

not used.

Application.cf

Block Application.cfc and

Yes

WEB-INF

WEB-INF contains configuration

Yes

/cfformgateway

Used for <cfform format=flash>

Only if Flash Forms are not used.

/flex2gateway

Flex Remoting

Only if Flex Remoting is not

/cfform-internal

Used for <cfform format=flash>

Only if Flash Forms are not used.

/flex-internal

Flex Remoting

Only if Flex Remoting is not used.

/cffileservlet

Serves dynamically generated

Only if cfreport, cfpresentations

/rest

Used for CF10 Rest web services

Only if CF10 REST web services

/WSRPProducer

Web Services Endpoint for

Usually, unless WSRP is used.

.svn

If you use subversion to deploy

Yes

Application.cfm requests which result in an error when accessed directly.

data used by the java application server. The Tomcat connector will block this already, but you can block it at the web server level as well.

used.

assets. It supports the cfreport, cfpresentation, and cfimage (with action=captcha and action=writeToBrowser) tags

support.

WSRP.

your ColdFusion applications you can block the .svn folders, which may allow source code disclosure.

2.2.9 Create a Website For ColdFusion Administrator

First create a self signed certificate (or preferably utilize a certificate from a trusted certificate authority) by clicking on the Server Certificates icon under the IIS root. Click on the link to Create Self-Signed Certificate on the right.

and cfimage are not used.

are not used.

Create an empty directory for the web site root of the ColdFusion administrator web site (For instance, f:\web\cfadmin\)

Next click on Sites and Add Web Site to create a new website for ColdFusion Administrator, point the web root or content directory to the directory you just created. Bind the new site to 127.0.0.1 (or another IP address only accessible to system administrators). Select HTTPS for the protocol, and select the self signed certificate.

Consider disabling anonymous access to this site and require web server authentication for an additional layer of protection and auditing.

Next Require SSL Connections for this website by double clicking on the SSL Settings icon for the cfadmin website:

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