FEATURES ................................................................................................................................................... 8-9
SETTING AND SELECTOR ................................................................................................................. 11-12-13
TECHNICAL DATA ........................................................................................................................................ 14
REGOLAZIONI E SELETTORI ............................................................................................................ 35-36-37
DATI TECNICI ............................................................................................................................................... 38
AJUSTES Y SELECTORES ................................................................................................................ 43-44-45
DATOS TECNICOS ....................................................................................................................................... 46
2
CONNECTIONS / ANSCHLUSSE / CONNEXIONES /
COLLEGAMENTI / CONEXIONES
123 4 5678 9 101112
ON OFF
INPUTINPUT/BY-PASS
A/E
B/F
0.5V
GAIN
CONTROL
0.1V2V
C
D
0.5V
GAIN
CONTROL
0.1V2V
4CH 2CH
3CH
4CH2CH
OUTPUT
LOW PASSINPUT
ON OFF
HIGH PASS
CROSSOVER CUTTING POINT
105Hz
105Hz
160Hz50Hz
LOW PASS HIGH PASS
Fig. 1/Abb. 1
160Hz50Hz
13 14 15 162117 18 19 2022 23 24
+
E
++
+
F
C A B25A
D
CHECK CONTROL
BATT GND REMOTE25A++
25
Fig. 2/Abb. 2
3
SYSTEM CHART / SYSTEM-DIAGRAMM / EXEMPLES DE SYSTEME
DIAGRAMMA DI SISTEMA / DIAGRAMA DEL SISTEMA
Five channel passive configuration
57.00
95.8395.83
Audio Signal
57.00
59.10
59.16
57.04
95.82s
59.16
ON
OFF
2CH
4CH
LOW PASS
HIGH PASS
2CH
OFF
ON
4CH
INPUT
OUTPUT
3CH
Six channel passive configuration
57.00
95.8395.83
59.10
59.16
4
.07
4
Power Amplifier
44.05/44.07
59.25
Audio Signal
59.25
Band-Pass
Filter
Coil 5mH
95.82s
LeftRight
+
-
+
MONO
+
59.10
59.16
57.04
59.16
-
-
57.00
59.10
59.16
57.04
59.16
4CH
4CH
INPUT
OUTPUT
3CH
-
MONO
+
57.04
59.16
-
-
95.82s
4
.07
4
ON
OFF
2CH
LOW PASS
HIGH PASS
2CH
OFF
ON
Power Amplifier
44.05/44.07
59.25
59.25
Coil 5mH
95.82s
LeftRight
+
+
6
INTRODUCTION
For us at MACROM the achievement of the topmost sound quality is one of our greatest
concerns. By the fact that you chose to buy one of the “programmable” amplifiers MACROM we
realize that this is also your concern.
This unit offers 70/100 Watt max. 4-channel at 4 Ohm or 2x150 Watt max. when mono-bridged, with
pure and stable sound qualities.
We advise you to read the following instructions very carefully in order to get the maximum out
of the outstanding performances and the advanced features and functions of the 44.05/44.07.
Please report any problem to the nearest MACROM dealer.
PRECAUTIONS
1. The unit may be damaged by wrong lead connection, therefore read carefully the instructions of
this manual for the correct connection of the leads.
2. The last lead to be connected is the one to the positive (+) terminal of the battery; connect this
lead only after having completed and checked all other connections.
3. Due to the power of the 44.05/44.07 it is imperative that all connections are clean and secure in
order to avoid damage to the unit.
4. Be sure to install the amplifier in a position with good air circulation and good heat dissipation.
5. In case of fuse replacement make sure to replace it with a fuse of the same amperage.
The use of fuses with the wrong amperage may seriously damage the components of the unit.
If fuses blow more than once, carefully check all electrical connections. Also have your car’s
voltage regulator checked. Do not attempt to repair the unit yourself. If repairs are ever needed,
take the unit to your MACROM dealer or to your nearest MACROM service station.
6. In order to obtain the best possible performance from this unit, make sure that the temperature
inside your car is within the range of -10° C and +60°C before you switch the unit on. Good air
circulation is essential to prevent heat build-up inside the unit.
7
FEATURES
•
4/3/2 CHANNEL OPERATION
The power of the 44.05/44.07 can be subdivided as follows:
a) 40/65 W RMS for each of the four output channels
b) 40/65 W RMS on two stereo channels and 110/150 W RMS mono
c) 100/150 W RMS on two stereo channels
•
NO AMPERAGE LIMITATIONS
The amperage limitation circuits incorporated in traditional amplifiers may cause untimely
clipping and a low transient response. The absence of such circuits ensures a low T.I.M. effect,
an excellent transient response and a perfect sound quality.
•
INPUT MODE SELECTOR
This selector allows the user to choose between 2 or 4 input signals to the amplifier.
•
OUTPUT MODE SELECTOR
This selector allows the user to specify the number and the configuration of the outputs.
•
BY-PASS OUTPUT
In the "2 CH INPUT" configuration a preamplified BY-PASS output with unitary gain can be used.
•
ADJUSTMENT OF INDEPENDENT CROSSOVER FREQUENCIES
This control allows for independent and continuous adjustment of the Low Pass and High Pass
crossover frequencies from 50 to 160 Hz adding great versatility to your unit.
•
REMOTE ON/OFF
On switching the head unit on or off, the amplifier is automatically switched on or off.
•
RCA INPUT SENSITIVITY
The sensitivity adjustment of this new amplifier is positioned at 500 mV for optimum coupling with
other MACROM sources. However, the continuous adjustment from 100 mV to 2 V is possible
for easy coupling of other sources available on the market.
•
CHECK CONTROL INDICATOR
This LED Shows the current state of the amplifier.
WHITE The unit is off.
GREEN The unit works perfectly well.
RED The unit is in the protection mode, verify connections.
•
TRIPLE PROTECTION
Your unit is provided with three different protection devices, as befits all high-end products:
SOFT START: the amp powers gradually in order to avoid damage to the speakers in case the
head unit is switched on with the volume control set to maximum.
OVERHEATING: in case of wrong installation the unit enters the protection mode before being
damaged. As soon as the temperature returns to normal values, the unit resumes normal
operation.
OUTPUT SHORT CIRCUIT: in case of a short circuit at the speaker outlets the unit enters the
protection mode in order to avoid serious damage to the end-stage transistors. Normal operation
is resumed on eliminating the short circuit.
•
FINAL STAGE WITH DISCREET COMPONENTS (TRANSISTORS)
8
FEATURES
•
MOS-FET POWER SUPPLY STAGE
The high power of the 44.05/44.07 is obtained by the use of a highly sophisticated C-MOS-FET
supply units giving constant performance, high efficiency in favour of lower current-consumption.
The results are excellent performance, a linear and ample frequency response with high
dynamics.
•
CAPACITIVE / INDUCTIVE POWER SUPPLY FILTER
This filter reduces radio frequency interferences (RFI) and cuts off system noises (i.e. the whine
of the alternator).
•
GILDED VETRONITE PRINTED CIRCUIT
•
GOLD-PLATED RCA-CONNECTORS
•
GOLD-PLATED SCREW-TYPE SPEAKER OUTPUT CONNECTIONS
INSTALLATION
INSTALLATION (Fig. 3, page 4)
Due to the high power of the amplifier a great amount of heat is generated when the unit is in use.
Therefore, it is necessary to install the unit in a place with good air circulation or otherwise the
amplifier will enter the protection mode. The most suitable place for installation is the boot;
obviously, the unit should not be covered with carpet floor or similar.
1. Place the unit at the point of installation and mark the position of the four securing screws
provided.
2. Drill the screw holes.
3. Place the amplifier in the correct position and secure it by means of the four tapping screws
provided.
NOTE: Connect the ground lead to a screw already provided on the chassis of the car (marked with
an * in the figure).
11 Frequency adjustment of Low Pass (the indication is referred to -3 dB)
12 Frequency adjustment of High Pass (the indication is referred to -3 dB)
9
CONNECTIONS
CONNECTIONS (Fig. 2, page 3)
13 Positive output terminal, speaker A, or positive output speaker E
14 Negative output terminal, speaker A
15 Positive output terminal, speaker B
16 Negative output terminal, speaker B, or negative output speaker E
17 Positive output terminal, speaker C, or positive output speaker F
18 Negative output terminal, speaker C
19 Positive output terminal, speaker D
20 Negative output terminal, speaker D, or negative output speaker F
21 2x20/2x25 A fuses
22 Power supply terminal +12 V to the battery (BATT)
23 Terminal for connection of the negative ground lead (GND)
24 Terminal for remote switch-on (REMOTE)
25 Check control status indicator
CONNECTIONS:
Battery lead: Connect the terminal BATT 22 to the battery cable of the car by means of a
1.
(yellow) cable of adequate section.
Do not connect this lead to circuits existing within the electric system of the car. In order to avoid
damage to the car it is imperative that this lead be fitted with a fuse (not provided) as near as
possible to the battery. This connection is the to be carried out last.
Remote switch-on lead: Connect the remote switch-on lead (REMOTE) or the control lead of
2.
the power antenna coming from the head unit (blue) to the REMOTE 24 terminal of the amplifier.
NOTE: In case this lead is not connected, the amplifier will not be switched on when the head
unit is switched on. If your head unit is not fitted with an outlet for a power antenna, a quick-break
lever switch (SPST) shall be installed between the power source (+12 V) and the remote switchon lead and connected to the REMOTE 24 terminal so as to provide for manual switch-on of
the amplifier.
Ground lead: Secure the ground lead (black) to a clean spot on the car chassis and to the GND
3.
terminal 23 . Make sure that there is electric continuity between this spot and the negative
terminal of the battery. The ground cable should be as short as possible; in case more than one
amps are used, connect all the ground connectors to one spot.
Fuse: In case of fuse replacement make sure to replace it with a fuse of the same amperage.
4.
The use of fuses with the wrong amperage may seriously damage the components of the unit.
Speaker outlet terminals: Make sure to keep the right polarity and phase on connecting the
5.
speakers. This includes the control of the right polarity, positive (+) and negative (-).
NOTE: The negatives of the speakers should NEVER be connected witch each other and no
common ground lead must be used.Non adequately isolated wires should never come into
contact with each other, with metallic parts of the car or with the ground lead.
RCA input connectors: Connect the Pre output leads of your head unit to the RCA input
6.
connectors by means of RCA extension cables (90.05-90.10-90.25-90.50 by MACROM).
Make sure to observe the right channel designation: left L (white) and right R (red).
10
SETTINGS AND SELECTORS
O
O
V
L
V
L
CROSSOVER CUTTING POINT
LOW PASS HIGH PASS
105Hz
160Hz50Hz
105Hz
160Hz
50Hz
ON/OFF MODE & HIGH-PASS SELECTOR SWITCH
a) "ON/OFF Low-Pass" MODE: Select the “ON” position
when you want to use the Low-Pass filter section; thus,
only the low frequencies are output at the C-D or F
outputs.
INPUT
OUTPUT
2CH4CH
LOW PASS
HIGH PASS
ONOFF
b) "ON/OFF High-Pass "MODE: Select the “ON” position
when you want to use the High-Pass filter section;
thus, only the medium-high frequencies are output at
the A-B or E outputs.
ADJUSTMENT OF LOW&HIGH PASS FREQUENCiES
a) "HIGH PASS": Allows for continuous adjustment of
the High Pass frequency between 50 and 160 Hz, that
is, for the determination of the point where the mediumhigh frequencies start.
b) "LOW PASS": Allows for continuous adjustment of
the Low Pass frequency between 50 and 160 Hz, that
is for the determination of the point where the low
frequencies end.
INPUT GAIN ADJUSTMENT CONTROL
In the mid position (click) an input sensitivity of 500 mV is
selected corresponding to the preamplified outputs of
MACROM products.
4CH 3CH 2CH
2CH4CH
INPUT
OUTPUT
4CH 3CH 2CH
CROSSOVER CUTTING POINT
105Hz
160Hz50Hz
LOW PASS HIGH PASS
0.5V
0.1V2 V
GAIN
CONTR
105Hz
50Hz
LOW PASS
HIGH PASS
160Hz
GAIN
CONTR
ONOFF
ONOFF
ONOFF
0.5V
0.1V2 V
In case the amplifier is to be connected to a head unit that
is not of MACROM make but is fitted with preamplified
RCA outputs, proceed as follows:
a) adjust the volume control of your head unit to 3/4 of
b) turn the input gain control by means of a screwdriver
NOTE: Both adjustments are always activated,
independently from the number of inputs, except in case
"c" described at page 13.
maximum output level.
and adjust the input gain from 2 V to 0.1 V in order to
have the maximum sound level with no distortion.
11
0.5V
2 V
GAIN
CONTRO
0.5V
0.1
2 V
GAIN
CONTRO
0.1
SETTINGS AND SELECTORS
OUTPUT MODE SELECTOR WITH 4 INPUT CHANNELS
a) "4CH
INPUT" "4CH OUTPUT" MODE: As your head unit is equipped with four pre-amplified outputs
select the position “4CH” and connect the outputs to the amplifier inputs marked with the letters
A (left), B (right), C (left) and D (right). Thus, the amplifier can be used as a 4-channel stereo
system, front section A and B and rear section C and D, by using the speaker outputs A, B, C
and D. You can then activate (ON) independently the different sections of the built-in electronic
crossover to obtain the High-Pass outputs A and B and/or the Low-Pass outputs C and D.
FRONTREAR
A / E
B / F
b) "4CH
0.5V
2 V
GAIN
CONTROL
0.5V
C
0.1V
D
2 V
GAIN
CONTROL
0.1V
INPUT
OUTPUT
4CH 3CH 2CH
2CH4CH
LOW PASS
HIGH PASS
ONOFF
ONOFF
INPUT" "3CH OUTPUT" MODE: This configuration uses a single 44.05/44.07 amplifier as a
FRONT
E
-
+
AB
+
LEFTRIGHT
-+
-
CD
+
F
-
multi-amplifying system. There are 3 output channels, 2 stereo channels A and B, and a third
channel F with a single bridged mono signal which can then be balanced by means of the fader
control of your head unit.
In case you want to use the built-in electronic crossover, it is possible to connect medium-high
speaker systems to the A and B outputs by placing the High-Pass selector in the ON position,
whereas a woofer system or a powerful subwoofer can be connected to the section F by placing
the Low-Pass in the ON position.
FRONTREAR
A / E
B / F
2 V
GAIN
CONTROL
0.5V
0.1V
0.5V
C
0.1V
2 V
D
GAIN
CONTROL
INPUT
OUTPUT
4CH 3CH 2CH
2CH4CH
LOW PASS
HIGH PASS
ONOFF
ONOFF
FRONT
+
E
AB
+
LEFTRIGHT
-
-+-
+
CD
+
F
-+
-
+
-
-+-
12
SETTINGS AND SELECTORS
OUTPUT MODE SELECTOR WITH 2 INPUT CHANNELS AND A BY-PASS OUTPUT
a) "2CH
INPUT" "4CH OUTPUT" MODE: As your head unit is equipped with only two pre-amplified
outputs select the position “2CH” and connect the outputs to the amplifier inputs marked with the
letters A / E (left) and B / F (right). Then select the position "4CH" in order to have 4 output
channels, A, B, C and D, respectively, to drive 4 speakers. You can then activate (ON) the
different sections of the built-in electronic crossover to obtain the High-Pass outputs A and B and/
or the Low-Pass outputs C and D.
NOTE: In case a preamplified output is needed to control another amplifier, the RCA-connectors
C and D marked BY-PASS and carrying a unitary gain output signal can be used.
The By-Pass output is active only with the "2CH
INPUT" configuration.
IMPORTANT NOTE: Both input sensitivity adjustments are activated and operate independently
on the respective outputs.
A / E
B / F
0.5V
2 V
GAIN
CONTROL
0.1V
BY-PASS
C
D
0.5V
2 V
GAIN
CONTROL
0.1V
INPUT
OUTPUT
4CH 3CH 2CH
2CH4CH
LOW PASS
HIGH PASS
ONOFF
AB
+
ONOFF
LEFTRIGHT
-+
E
-
-
+
-
CD
+
F
+
b) "2CH INPUT" "3CH OUTPUT" MODE: This configuration uses a single 44.05/44.07 amplifier as a
multi-amplifying system. There are 3 output channels, 2 stereo channels A and B, and a third
channel F with a single bridged mono signal.
In case you want to use the built-in electronic crossover, the outputs A and B can be connected
to medium-high speaker systems by placing the High-Pass selector in the ON position , whereas
by placing the Low-Pass selector in the position ON a woofer system or a powerful subwoofer
can be connected to the mono output F.
IMPORTANT NOTE: Both input sensitivity adjustments are activated and operate independently
on the respective outputs.
A / E
B / F
0.5V
2 V
GAIN
CONTROL
0.1V
BY-PASS
C
D
0.5V
2 V
GAIN
CONTROL
0.1V
INPUT
OUTPUT
4CH 3CH 2CH
2CH4CH
LOW PASS
HIGH PASS
ONOFF
ONOFF
+
AB
+
LEFTRIGHT
-
E
-+-
+
CD
+
F
-+
-
-
-+-
c) "2CH INPUT" "2CH OUTPUT MODE: This configuration uses the amplifier as a traditional and
powerful 2-channel stereo system with the output channels E and F.
On activating the built-in electronic crossover, Low-Pass ON with this configuration, only the low
frequencies are output for driving two powerful subwoofers.
IMPORTANT NOTE: With this configuration only one of the two input sensitivity controls (the
right one) is activated for the adjustment of the signal at the E (left) outputs.
A / E
B / F
0.5V
2 V
GAIN
CONTROL
0.1V
BY-PASS
C
D
0.5V
2 V
GAIN
CONTROL
2CH4CH
INPUT
0.1V
OUTPUT
4CH 3CH 2CH
LOW PASS
HIGH PASS
ONOFF
AB
+
ONOFF
-
LEFT
-+
E
-
+
CD
+
-+
F
-
-
+
13
TECHNICAL DATA
44.05 Maximum Power ............................................................. 65Wx4
Power supply ( Negative ground ) ............................................ 14.0V DC (11-16V permissible)
Net Weight
44.05 ......................................................................................... 3.2 kg
44.07 ......................................................................................... 4.5 kg
Chassis size
44.05 ......................................................................................... 280(W) x 55(H) x 250(D)
44.07 .......................................................................................... 280(W) x 55(H) x 300(D)
Due to continuing improvement, the features and the design are subject to change without
notice.
14
3CH 2 Ohm 4 Ohm (mono bridged)
4CH 2-4 Ohm
EINFÜHRUNG
Für uns von MACROM ist die Soundqualität eines unserer Hauptziele. Die Tatsache, daß Sie
sich für einen der neuen Verstärker “Programmable” Digital Ready von MACROM entschieden
haben, bedeutet, daß Sie ebenso denken.
Ihr Verstärker hat eine Leistung von 70/100x4 Watt pro Kanal bei 4 Ohm oder von 2x150/220 Watt
max. mono-gebrückt, mit einem sauberen, stabilen Klang. Diese Anleitungen sollen Sie dabei
unterstützen, die außergewöhnlichen Leistungen und alle technologischen Eigenschaften Ihres
neuen Leistungsverstärkers aufs Beste zu nutzen.
Wir empfehlen Ihnen, diese Bedienungsanleitung sorgfältig durchzulesen, um sich mit den
einzelnen Bedienungselementen und Funktionen des 44.05/44.07 vertraut zu machen. Wenden
Sie sich für jedes Problem vertrauensvoll an Ihren MACROM-Vertragshändler.
VORSICHT
1. Jeglicher falscher Anschluß der Kabel kann zu Beschädigungen des Geräts führen; lesen
Sie aufmerksam die vorliegenden Anleitungen für den Geräteanschluß.
2. Schließen Sie das Batteriekabel als letztes an den Batteriepol (+) an, nachdem alle anderen
Verbindungen vollständig ausgeführt und kontrolliert worden sind.
3. Aufgrund der hohen Leistung des Verstärkers 44.05/44.07 müssen alle Verbindungen sauber
und fest sein, um Beschädigungen zu vermeiden.
4. Installieren Sie den Verstärker in einer Position mit ausreichender Luftzirkulation, wo die
Wärme gut abgestrahlt werden kann.
5. Sollte das Auswechseln von Sicherungen erforderlich sein, so vergewissere man sich, daß
eine Sicherung mit derselben Amperezahl verwendet wird.
Die Verwendung von Sicherungen mit falscher Amperezahl kann zu schweren Beschädigungen von Verstärkerteilen führen.
Sollten die Sicherungen mehr als einmal durchbrennen, so muß man die elektrischen
Anschlüsse auf Kurzschluß prüfen. Den Spannungsregler des Fahrzeuges ebenfalls
überprüfen lassen. Versuchen Sie auf keinen Fall, das Gerät selbst zu reparieren. Wenden
Sie sich an Ihren MACROM-Händler oder an eine MACROM-Dienststelle.
6. Vor dem Einschalten des Gerätes sicherstellen, daß die Temperatur im Fahrzeugraum
zwischen -10° C und +60° C liegt, um die besten Betriebsbedingungen zu gewährleisten. Bei
großer Hitze besonders gut auf ausreichende Luftzirkulation im Fahrzeug achten, damit kein
Wärmestau in dem Gerät auftritt.
15
EIGENSCHAFTEN
•
4/3/2-KANALBETRIEB
Die Leistung des Verstärkers 44.05/44.07 kann folgendermaßen aufgeteilt werden:
a) 40/65 W Sinus pro Kanal für jeden der 4 Ausgangskanäle
b) 40/65 W Sinus auf 2 Stereokanälen, und 110/150 W Sinus in mono
c) 100/150 W Sinus für zwei Stereokanäle
•
KEINERLEI STROMBEGRENZUNG
Die Strombegrenzungskreisläufe der herkömmlichen Verstärker können ein vorzeitiges Clipping
und ein niedrigeres Ansprechen auf Nebenfrequenzen verursachen. Die Abwesenheit dieser
Kreisläufe im Versorgungsteil gewährleistet einen niedrigen T.I.M.-Effekt, ein ausgezeichnetes
Ansprechen auf Nebenfrequenzen und ein perfektes Klangbild.
•
EINGANGSMODUSWÄHLER
Dieser Schalter bietet dem Benutzer die Möglichkeit, zwischen 2 oder 4 Eingangssignalen zum
Verstärker zu wählen.
•
AUSGANGSMODUSWÄHLER
Dieser Schalter bietet dem Benutzer die Möglichkeit, die Anzahl und Konfiguration der Ausgänge
zu wählen.
•
BY-PASS AUSGANG
In der Konfiguration 2 CH INPUT kann ein vorverstärkter BY-PASS Ausgang mit einheitlichem
Gewinn benutzt werden.
•
UNABHÄNGIGE EINSTELLUNG DER ÜBERGANGSFREQUENZEN
Diese Einstellung bietet dem Benutzer die Möglichkeit, die Übergangsfrequenzen Low und High
unabhängig und stufenlos von 50 bis 160 Hz zu regeln.
•
REMOTE-EIN- UND AUSSCHALTEN.
Der Verstärker wird bei Ein- oder Ausschalten des Hauptgeräts automatisch ein- oder
ausgeschaltet.
•
RCA-EINGANGSEMPFINDLICHKEIT
Die Eingangsempfindlichkeit des neuen Verstärkers ist für den optimalen Anschluß eines
MACROM-Gerätes auf 500 mV eingestellt. Die Empfindlichkeit kann jedoch stufenlos von 100
mV bis 2 V eingestellt werden, um den Verstärkern anderen auf dem Markt verfügbaren Geräten
anzupassen.
•
CHECK CONTROL-ANZEIGE
Diese LED zeigt den Betriebszustand des Verstärkers an:
WEIß Das Gerät ist ausgeschaltet.
GRÜN Das Gerät funktioniert einwandfrei.
ROT Das Gerät befindet sich im Schutzzustand: ein Fehler liegt vor.
•
DREIFACHER SCHUTZ
Wie es sich für High-End-Geräte gehört, ist dieses Gerät mit drei verschiedenen
Schutzvorrichtungen versehen.
SOFT START: Der Verstärker gibt seine Leistung allmählich ab, um die Lautsprecher nicht zu
beschädigen, wenn das Hauptgerät aus Versehen mit höchster Lautstärke eingeschaltet wird.
ÜBERHITZUNG: Bei Installationsfehlern tritt das Gerät in den Schutzstatus, bevor es beschädigt
werden kann. Sobald die Temperatur wieder auf einen normalen Wert sinkt, wird der Betrieb
wieder aufgenommen.
KURZSCHLUß AM AUSGANG: Im Falle von Kurzschlüssen an den Lautsprecherausgängen tritt
das Gerät in den Schutzstatus, um die Beschädigung der Endstufentransistoren zu vermeiden.
Die Rückkehr zum normalen Betriebszustand erfolgt automatisch nach Beseitigung des
Kurzschlusses.
•
ENDSTUFE MIT DISKRETEN KOMPONENTEN (TRANSISTOREN)
16
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