Linksys LGS326, LGS318, LGS308P, LGS318P, LGS308 User Manual

User Guide

Smart Switch LGS3XX

Linksys

Table of Contents

Chapter 1: Getting Started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Starting the Web-based Conﬁguration Utility

Launching the Conﬁguration Utility

Interface Naming Conventions

Window Navigation

Conﬁguring with Menu Command line Interface

Chapter 2: System Status

System Summary

RMON

Interface Statistics

Chapter 3: Quick Start

Chapter 4: System Management

System Information

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RMON Statistics

RMON History

RMON Event

RMON Alarms

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Views

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Groups

Users

Communities

Notiﬁcation Filters

SNMPv1/v2 Notiﬁcation Recipients

SNMPv3 Notiﬁcation Recipients

Logs

Log Management

Remote Log Servers

RAM Log

Flash Memory Log

Chapter 5: Port Management

Ports

Link Aggregation

LAG Management

LAGs

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Management Session Timeout

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Time

Overview

System Time

SNTP Unicast Server

SNMP

SNMP Versions and Workﬂow

Feature Conﬁguration

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

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Green Ethernet

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PoE

Overview

Feature Conﬁguration

Port Limit Power Mode

Class Limit Power Mode

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LLDP

Overview

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Linksys

Table of Contents

Feature Conﬁguration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

LLDP MED Ports

LLDP Local Information

LLDP Neighbor Information

LLDP MED Network Policy

Chapter 6: VLAN Management

Overview

VLANs

Interfaces

VLAN Groups

MAC-Based Group

MAC-Based VLAN

Voice VLAN

Feature Conﬁguration

Telephony OUI Interfaces

Chapter 7: Spanning Tree Management

Spanning Tree

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Feature Conﬁguration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

IGMP/MLD Snooping

Multicast Router Ports

Forward All

Unregistered Multicast

IGMP/MLD IP Group Addresses

MAC Group Address FDB

IP Group Address FDB

Chapter 10: IP Interface

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IPv4

Overview

IPv4 Interface

ARP

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IPv6

Overview

IPv6 Interface

IPv6 Interface Addresses

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

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STP Interfaces

RSTP Interfaces

MSTP Properties

MSTP Instance Status

MSTP Instance Interface

Chapter 8: MAC Address Management

Dynamic MAC Addresses

Static MAC Addresses

Reserved MAC Addresses

Chapter 9: Multicast

Overview

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IPv6 Default Routers

IPv6 Routes

IPv6 Neighbors

Chapter 11: IP Network Operations

Domain Name System

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DNS

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DHCP

DHCP Snooping

DHCP Interfaces

Trusted Interface

DHCP Snooping Binding Database

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Linksys

Table of Contents

Interface Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

Chapter 12: Security

Management Security

User Access & Accounts

Access Authentication

Access Proﬁle

Access Proﬁle Rules

RADIUS

Network Access Control

Port Security

Storm Control

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Overview

Multiple Authentication Methods

Dynamic VLAN Assignment

Feature Conﬁguration

Port Authentication

Authenticated Hosts

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Queue Scheduling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .93

CoS/802.1p to Queue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94

DSCP to Queue

Bandwidth Control

Egress Shaping

Basic QoS

QoS Statistics

Chapter 15: Maintenance

Reboot

File Management

Diagnostics

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Overview

Firmware & Boot Code

Active Firmware Image

Conﬁguration & Log

Conﬁguration File Copy

Copper Test

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Chapter 13: Access Control List

MAC-Based ACL

MAC-Based ACE

IPv4-Based ACL

IPv4-Based ACE

IPv6-Based ACL

IPv6-Based ACE

ACL Binding

Chapter 14: Quality of Service

Overview

Feature Conﬁguration

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Optical Module Status

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Ping

Traceroute

Port Mirroring

Chapter 16: Support

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104

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iii

Linksys

CHAPTER 1 Getting Started

Getting Started

This section provides an introduction to the Web-based configuration utility, and covers the following topics:

• Starting the Web-based Configuration Utility

• Interface Naming Conventions

• Window Navigation

• Configuring with Menu Command Line Interface

There are two ways to configure the device: through the graphical user interface and through the menu command line interface.

Starting the Web-based Configuration

Table of Contents

STEP 2 Enter the IP address of the device you are configuring in the address

bar on the browser, and then press Enter.

NOTE:

When the device is using the factory default IP address of 192.168.1.251, its power LED flashes continuously. When the device is using a DHCP assigned IP address or an administrator-configured static IP address, the power LED is on solid.

Logging In

The default username is admin and the default password is admin to log in to the Web-based GUI:

STEP 1 Open the GUI. The Login page is displayed.

STEP 2 Enter the username/password. The password can contain up to 64

ASCII characters.

Logging Out

By default, the application logs out after ten minutes of inactivity.

Utility

This section describes how to navigate the Web-based switch configuration utility. If you are using a pop-up blocker, make sure it is disabled.

The following browsers are supported:

• Firefox (versions 16 and latest)

• IE version (versions 9, 10)

• Chrome (versions 35 and latest)

Browser Restrictions

If you are using IPv6 interfaces on your management station, use the IPv6 global address and not the IPv6 link local address to access the device from your browser.

Launching the Configuration Utility

To open the Web-based configuration utility, do the following:

STEP 1 Open a Web browser.

CAUTION:

Unless the Running Configuration is copied to the Startup Configuration, rebooting the device will remove all changes made since the last time the file was saved. Save the Running Configuration to the Startup Configuration before logging off to preserve any changes you made during this session.

When you click Quick Start > Save Your Configurations, the Configuration File Copy page appears. Save the Running Configuration file by copying it to the Startup Configuration file.

To log out, click Logout in the top right corner of any page. The system logs out of the device.

When a timeout occurs or you intentionally log out of the system, a message appears and the Login page appears, with a message indicating the logged-out state.

Linksys

Table of Contents

Interface Naming Conventions

Within the GUI, interfaces are denoted by linking the following elements:

Type of interface: The following types of interfaces are found on the switch:

• Gigabit Ethernet ports (displayed as GE).

• LAG (Port Channel) (displayed as LAG).

• VLAN (displayed as VLAN).

• Interface Number: Port, LAG or VLAN ID

Window Navigation

This section describes the features of the Web-based switch configuration utility.

Application Header

The Application Header appears on every page. It provides the following application links:

Application Link Name

Logout Click to log out of the Web-based switch

Firmware Version Display the device version number.

Help Click for the link to this administration guide.

Management Buttons

The following table describes the commonly used buttons that appear on various pages in the system.

Button Name Description

Add Click to display the related Add page and add an entry

Description

configuration utility.

to a table. Enter the information and click Apply to save it to the Running Configuration. Click Close to return to the main page. Click Save to display the Configuration File Copy page and save the Running Configuration to the Startup Configuration file type on the device.

Apply Click to apply changes to the Running Configuration

on the device. If the device is rebooted, the Running Configuration is lost unless it is saved to the Startup Configuration file type or another file type. Click Save to display the Configuration File Copy page and save the Running Configuration to the Startup Configuration file type on the device.

Button Name Description

Close Click to return to the previous page. Any changes not

applied are cleared.

Clear All Click to clear the statistic counters for all interfaces.

Clear Click to clear information, such a counters of an interface

or all interface, or log files.

Delete After selecting an entry in the table, click Delete to

remove.

Edit Select the entry and click Edit. The Edit page appears, and

the entry can be modified.

1. Click Apply to save the changes to the Running Configuration.

2. Click Close to return to the main page.

Search Enter the query filtering criteria and click Search. The

results are displayed on the page.

Refresh Click Refresh to refresh the counter values.

Test or Start Click Test/Start to perform the related tests.

View or View All Click View to display details associated with the entry

selected or for all entries (respectively).

Linksys

Configuring with Menu Command Line Interface

To configure the device through the menu CLI, do the following:

1. Log on to the device through telnet.

The following menu is displayed:

Table of Contents

2. Enter your user name and password.

The main menu is displayed:

3. Continue configuring the device.

4. Click Logout to log out of the CLI menu.

Linksys

CHAPTER 2 System Status

Table of Contents

• Firmware Version—Firmware version number.

• Boot Code Version—Boot version number.

• Hardware Version —Hardware version number of the device.

• Serial Number—Serial number.

System Status

This section describes how to view device statistics. It covers the following topics:

• System Summary

• RMON

• Interface Statistics

System Summary

The System Summary page provides a graphic view of the device, and displays device status, hardware information, firmware version information, general PoE status, and other items.

To view system information, click System Status > System Summary. The System Summary page contains system and hardware information.

• System Mode—Specifies whether the system is operating in Layer 2

system mode.

• System Description—A description of the system.

• System Location—Physical location of the device. Click Edit to go the

System Information page to enter this value.

• System Contact—Name of a contact person. Click Edit to go the System

Information page to enter this value.

• Host Name—Name of the device. By default, the device host name is

composed of the word “switch” followed by the three least significant bytes of the device base MAC address (the six furthest right hexadecimal digits).

• Base MAC Address—Device MAC address.

• SNMP Object ID—Unique vendor identification of the network

management subsystem.

Device Status

• Fan Status—Applicable only to models that have fans. The following

values are possible:

• OK—Fan is operating normally.

• Fail—Fan is not operating correctly.

• Date & Time—System date and time.

• System Uptime—Length of time since last reboot.

RMON

RMON Statistics

The Statistics page displays detailed information regarding packet sizes and information regarding physical layer errors. The information displayed is according to the RMON (Remote Network Monitoring) standard. An oversized packet is defined as an Ethernet frame with the following criteria:

• Packet length is greater than MRU byte size.

• Collision event has not been detected.

• Late collision event has not been detected.

• Received (Rx) error event has not been detected.

• Packet has a valid CRC.

To view RMON statistics and/or set the refresh rate, do the following:

STEP 1 Click System Status > RMON > Statistics.

STEP 2 Select the Interface for which statistics are to be displayed.

STEP 3 Select the Refresh Rate, the time period that passes before the

interface statistics are refreshed.

The statistics are displayed for the selected interface.

Linksys

Table of Contents

• Bytes Received—Number of octets received, including bad packets and

FCS octets, but excluding framing bits.

• Drop Events—Number of packets dropped.

• Packets Received—Number of good packets received, including Multicast

and Broadcast packets.

• Broadcast Packets Received—Number of good Broadcast packets

received. This number does not include Multicast packets.

• Multicast Packets Received—Number of good Multicast packets received.

• CRC & Align Errors—Number of CRC and Align errors that have occurred.

• Undersize Packets—Number of undersized packets (less than 64

octets) received.

• Oversize Packets—Number of oversized packets (over 2000 octets) received.

• Fragments—Number of fragments (packets with less than 64 octets,

excluding framing bits, but including Frame Check Sequence octets) received.

• Jabbers—Total number received packets that were longer than 1632

octets. This number excludes frame bits, but includes FCS octets that had either a bad FCS with an integral number of octets (FCS Error) or a bad FCS with a non-integral octet (Alignment Error) number. A jabber packet is defined as an Ethernet frame that satisfies the following criteria:

• Packet data length is greater than MRU.

• Packet has an invalid CRC.

• Received (Rx) Error Event has not been detected.

• Collisions—Number of collisions received. If Jumbo Frames are

enabled, the threshold of Jabber Frames is raised to the maximum size of Jumbo Frames.

• Frames of 64 Bytes—Number of frames, containing 64 bytes that

were received.

• Frames of 65 to 127 Bytes—Number of frames, containing 65-127

bytes that were received.

• Frames of 128 to 255 Bytes—Number of frames, containing 128-255

bytes that were received.

• Frames of 256 to 511 Bytes—Number of frames, containing 256-511

bytes that were received.

• Frames of 512 to 1023 Bytes—Number of frames, containing 512-1023

bytes that were received.

• Packets of 1024 and More Bytes—Number of frames, containing

1024-2000 bytes, and Jumbo Frames, that were received.

To clear or view statistics counters, do the following:

• Click Refresh to refresh the counters on the page.

• Click Clear to clear the selected interfaces counters.

• Click View All to see all ports on a single page.

RMON History

The RMON feature enables monitoring statistics per interface.

The History Control Table page defines the sampling frequency, amount of samples to store and the port from which to gather the data.

After the data is sampled and stored, it appears in the History Table page that can be viewed by clicking the History button.

To enter RMON control information:

STEP 1 Click System Status > RMON > History.

STEP 2 Click Add.

STEP 3 Enter the parameters.

• New History Control Entry Index—Displays the number of the new

History table entry.

• Source Interface—Select the type of interface from which the history

samples are to be taken.

• Maximum Samples—Enter the number of samples to store.

• Samples Collected—RMON is allowed by the standard to not grant all

requested samples, but rather to limit the number of samples per request. Therefore, this field represents the sample number actually granted to the request that is equal or less than the requested maximum sample.

• Sampling Interval—Enter the time in seconds that samples are collected

from the ports. The field range is 1-3600.

• Owner—Enter the RMON station or user that requested the RMON

information.

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STEP 4 Click Apply. The entry is added to the History Control Table page, and

the Running Configuration file is updated.

STEP 5 Click the History button (described below) to view the actual

statistics.

RMON History

The History Table page displays interface-specific statistical network samplings. The samples were configured in the History Control table described above.

To view RMON history statistics:

STEP 1 Click System Status > RMON > History.

STEP 2 Click History.

STEP 3 From the History Control Entry Index No. drop down menu,

optionally select the entry number of the sample to display.

The fields are displayed for the selected sample.

• Owner—History table entry owner.

• Sample Index—Statistics were taken from this sample.

• Drop Events—Dropped packets due to lack of network resources during

the sampling interval. This may not represent the exact number of dropped packets, but rather the number of times dropped packets were detected.

• Bytes Received—Octets received including bad packets and FCS octets,

but excluding framing bits.

• Packets Received—Packets received, including bad packets, Multicast,

and Broadcast packets.

• Broadcast Packets—Good Broadcast packets excluding Multicast packets.

• Multicast Packets—Good Multicast packets received.

• CRC Align Errors—CRC and Align errors that have occurred.

• Undersize Packets—Undersized packets (less than 64 octets) received.

• Oversize Packets—Oversized packets (over 2000 octets) received.

• Fragments—Fragments (packets with less than 64 octets) received,

excluding framing bits, but including FCS octets.

• Jabbers—Total number of received packets that were longer than 2000

octets. This number excludes frame bits, but includes FCS octets that had either a bad FCS (Frame Check Sequence) with an integral number of octets (FCS Error) or a bad FCS with a non-integral octet (Alignment Error) number.

• Collisions—Collisions received.

• Utilization—Percentage of current interface traffic compared to

maximum traffic that the interface can handle.

RMON Event

You can control the occurrences that trigger an alarm and the type of notification that occurs. This is performed as follows:

• Events Page—Configures what happens when an alarm is triggered. This

can be any combination of logs and traps.

• Alarms Page—Configures the occurrences that trigger an alarm. To define

RMON events:

STEP 1 Click System Status > RMON > Events.

This page displays previously defined events.

STEP 2 Click Add.

STEP 3 Enter the parameters.

• Event Entry Index —Displays the event entry index number for the

new entry.

• Community—Enter the SNMP community string to be included when

traps are sent (optional). Note that the community must be defined using the Defining SNMPv1,2 Notification Recipients or Defining SNMPv3 Notification Recipients pages for the trap to reach the Network Management Station.

• Description—Enter a name for the event. This name is used in the Add

RMON Alarm page to attach an alarm to an event.

• Notification Type—Select the type of action that results from this event.

Values are:

• None—No action occurs when the alarm goes off.

• Event Log (Event Log Table)—Add a log entry to the Event Log table

when the alarm is triggered.

• Trap (SNMP Manager and SYSLOG Server)—Send a trap to the

remote log server when the alarm goes off.

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• Trap and Event Log—Add a log entry to the Event Log table and send

a trap to the remote log server when the alarm goes off.

• Owner—Enter the device or user that defined the event.

• Last Event Time—Displays the time of the event. (This is a read-only table

in the parent window and cannot be defined).

STEP 4 Click Apply. The RMON event is saved to the Running Configuration

file.

STEP 5 Click Event Log to display the log of alarms that have occurred and

that have been logged (see description below).

RMON Events Logs

The Event Log Table page displays the log of events (actions) that occurred. Two types of events can be logged: Log or Log and Trap. The action in the event is performed when the event is bound to an alarm (see the Alarms page) and the conditions of the alarm have occurred.

STEP 1 Click System Status > RMON > Events.

STEP 2 Click Event Log.

This page displays the following fields:

• Event Entry No.—Event’s log entry number.

• Log No.—Log number (within the event).

• Log Time—Time that the log entry was entered.

• Description—Description of event that triggered the alarm.

RMON Alarms

RMON alarms provide a mechanism for setting thresholds and sampling intervals to generate exception events on counters or any other SNMP object counter maintained by the agent. Both the rising and falling thresholds must be configured in the alarm.

After a rising threshold is crossed, no rising events are generated until the companion falling threshold is crossed. After a falling alarm is issued, the next alarm is issued when a rising threshold is crossed.

One or more alarms are bound to an event, which indicates the action to be taken when the alarm occurs.

Alarm counters can be monitored by either absolute values or changes (delta) in the counter values.

To enter RMON alarms:

STEP 1 Click System Status > RMON > Alarms. All previously-defined alarms

are displayed. The fields are described in the Add RMON Alarm page below. In addition to those fields, the following field appears:

• Counter Value—Displays the value of the statistic during the last

sampling period.

STEP 2 Click Add.

STEP 3 Enter the parameters.

• Alarm Entry Index—Displays the alarm entry number.

• Interface—Select the type of interface for which RMON statistics are

displayed.

• Counter Name—Select the MIB variable that indicates the type of

occurrence measured.

• Sample Type—Select the sampling method to generate an alarm. The

options are:

• Absolute—If the threshold is crossed, an alarm is generated.

• Delta—Subtracts the last sampled value from the current value. The

difference in the values is compared to the threshold. If the threshold was crossed, an alarm is generated.

• Interval—Enter the alarm interval time in seconds.

• Startup Alarm—Select the first event from which to start generation

of alarms. Rising is defined by crossing the threshold from a low-value threshold to a higher-value threshold.

• Rising Alarm—A rising value triggers the rising threshold alarm.

• Falling Alarm—A falling value triggers the falling threshold alarm.

• Rising and Falling Alarm—Both rising and falling values trigger

the alarm.

• Owner—Enter the name of the user or network management system that

receives the alarm.

• Rising Threshold—Enter the value that triggers the rising threshold alarm.

• Rising Event—Select an event to be performed when a rising event is

triggered. Events are created in the Events page.

• Falling Threshold—Enter the value that triggers the falling threshold alarm.

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• Falling Event—Select an event to be performed when a falling event

is triggered.

STEP 4 Click Apply. The RMON alarm is saved to the Running Configuration file.

Interface Statistics

The Interface Statistics page displays traffic statistics per port. The refresh rate of the information can be selected.

This page is useful for analyzing the amount of traffic that is both sent and received and its dispersion (Unicast, Multicast, and Broadcast).

To display Ethernet statistics and/or set the refresh rate, do the following:

STEP 1 Click System Status > Interface Statistics.

STEP 2 Enter the parameters.

Interface Statistics

• Interface—Select the specific interface for which Ethernet statistics are to

be displayed.

• Refresh Rate—Select the time period that passes before the interface

Ethernet statistics are refreshed. The available options are as follows:

• No Refresh—Statistics are not refreshed.

• 15 Sec—Statistics are refreshed every 15 seconds.

• Broadcast Packets—Good Broadcast packets transmitted.

• To clear or view statistics counters, do the following:

• Click Refresh to refresh the counters on the page.

• Click Clear to clear the selected interfaces counters.

• Click View All to see all ports on a single page.

• 30 Sec—Statistics are refreshed every 30 seconds.

• 60 Sec—Statistics are refreshed every 60 seconds.

The Receive Statistics area displays information about incoming packets.

• Unicast Packets—Good Unicast packets received.

• Multicast Packets—Good Multicast packets received.

• Broadcast Packets—Good Broadcast packets received.

• Error Packets—Packets with errors received.

The Transmit Statistics area displays information about outgoing packets.

• Total Octets—Octets transmitted, including bad packets and FCS octets,

but excluding framing bits.

• Unicast Packets—Good Unicast packets transmitted.

• Multicast Packets—Good Multicast packets transmitted.

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Chapter 3 Quick Start

Quick Start

This section describes how to view device statistics.

To simplify device configuration through quick navigation, the Quick Start page provides links to the most commonly used pages.

Link Name (on the Page) Linked Page

Configure User Accounts and

Management Access

Configure Device IP Address IPv4 Interface

Create VLANs VLANs

Configure VLAN Memberships VLAN Memberships

Save Your Configuration Configuration File Copy

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Clicking on the Support link takes you to the device product support page.

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Chapter 4 System Management

This chapter describes the following topics:

• System Information

• Management Session Timeout

• Time

• SNMP

Table of Contents

To set the idle session timeout for various types of sessions:

STEP 1 Click Configuration > System Management > Management Session

Timeout.

STEP 2 Select the timeout for the following sessions from the corresponding

list. The default timeout value is 10 minutes.

• Telnet Session Timeout—Select the timeout for a Telnet session.

• HTTP Session Timeout—Select the timeout for an HTTP session.

• HTTPs Session Timeout—Select the timeout for an HTTPS session.

STEP 3 Click Apply to set the configuration settings on the device.

• Logs

System Information

To enter system information, do the following:

STEP 1 Click Configuration > System Management > System Information.

STEP 2 View or modify the system settings.

• System Description—Displays a description of the device.

• System Location—Enter the location where the device is physically located.

• System Contact—Enter the name of a contact person.

• System Host Name—Select the host name of this device.

• Default—The default host name (System Name) of these switches is

switch123456, where 123456 represents the last three bytes of the device MAC address in hex format.

• User Defined—Enter the host name. Use only letters, digits, and hyphens.

Host names cannot begin or end with a hyphen. No other symbols, punctuation characters, or blank spaces are permitted (as specified in RFC1033, 1034, 1035).

STEP 3 Click Apply to save the values in the Running Configuration file.

Management Session Timeout

The Management Session Timeout configures the time intervals that the management sessions can remain idle before they timeout and you must log in again to reestablish the session.

Time

This section describes the options for configuring the system time, time zone, and Daylight Savings Time (DST). It covers the following topics:

• Overview

• System Time

• SNTP Unicast Server

Overview

Synchronized system clocks provide a frame of reference between all devices on the network. Network time synchronization is critical because every aspect of managing, securing, planning, and debugging a network involves determining when events occur. Without synchronized clocks, accurately correlating log files between devices when tracking security breaches or network usage is impossible.

Synchronized time also reduces confusion in shared file systems, as it is important for the modification times to be consistent, regardless of the machine on which the file systems reside.

For these reasons, it is important that the time configured on all of the devices on the network is accurate.

NOTE:

The device supports Simple Network Time Protocol (SNTP) and when enabled, the device dynamically synchronizes the device time with time from an SNTP server. The device operates only as an SNTP client, and cannot provide time services to other devices.

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System Time

System time can be set manually by the user dynamically from an SNTP server. If an SNTP server is chosen, the manual time settings are overwritten when communications with the server are established.

As part of the boot process, the device always configures the time, time zone, and DST. These parameters are obtained from SNTP, values set manually, or, if all else fails, from the factory defaults.

Time

The following methods are available for setting the system time on the device:

• Manual—You must manually set the time.

• SNTP—Time can be received from SNTP time servers. SNTP ensures

accurate network time synchronization of the device up to the millisecond by using an SNTP server for the clock source. When specifying an SNTP server, if choosing to identify it by host name, three suggestions are given in the GUI:

• time-a.timefreq.bldrdoc.gov

• time-b.timefreq.bldrdoc.gov

• time-c.timefreq.bldrdoc.gov

NOTE:

SNTP is the recommended method for time setting.

Time Zone and Daylight Savings Time (DST)

The Time Zone and DST can be set on the device in the following ways:

NOTE:

The DHCP server must supply DHCP option 100 in order for dynamic time zone configuration to take place.

SNTP Modes

The device can receive the system time from an SNTP server in one of the following ways:

• Client Broadcast Reception (passive mode)—SNTP servers broadcast the

time, and the device listens to these broadcasts. When the device is in this mode, there is no need to define a Unicast SNTP server.

• Client Broadcast Transmission (active mode)—The device, as an SNTP

client, periodically requests SNTP time updates. This mode works in either of the following ways:

• SNTP Anycast Client Mode—The device broadcasts time request

packets to all SNTP servers in the subnet, and waits for a response.

• Unicast SNTP Server Mode—The device sends Unicast queries to a list

of manually-configured SNTP servers, and waits for a response.

The device supports having all of the above modes active at the same time and selects the best system time received from an SNTP server, according to an algorithm based on the closest stratum (distance from the reference clock).

System Time

Use the System Time page to select the system time source. If the source is manual, you can enter the time here.

• Dynamic configuration of the device through a DHCP server, where:

• Dynamic DST, when enabled and available, always takes precedence over

the manual configuration of DST.

• If the server supplying the source parameters fails, or dynamic

configuration is disabled by the user, the manual settings are used.

• Dynamic configuration of the time zone and DST continues after the IP

address lease time has expired.

• Manual configuration of the time zone and DST becomes the Operational

time zone and DST, only if the dynamic configuration is disabled or fails.

CAUTION:

If the system time is set manually and the device is rebooted, the manual time settings must be reentered.

To define system time, do the following:

STEP 1 Click Configuration > System Management > Time > System Time.

The current time on the device is displayed. This shows the DHCP time zone or the acronym for the user-defined time zone if these were defined.

STEP 2 Enter these parameters:

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• SNTP—If you enable this, the system time is obtained from an SNTP server.

To use this feature, you must also configure a connection to an SNTP server in the SNTP Unicast Server page.

• SNTP Client Unicast—Select to enable client Unicast mode.

• SNTP IPv4 Multicast Rx—Select to receive SNTP IPv4 Multicast

synchronization packets requesting system time information. The packets are transmitted from any SNTP servers on the subnet.

• SNTP IPv4 Anycast Tx—Select to transmit SNTP IPv4 Anycast

synchronization packets requesting system time information. The packets are transmitted to all SNTP servers on the subnet.

• SNTP IPv6 Multicast Rx—Select to receive SNTP IPv6 Multicast

synchronization packets requesting system time information. The packets are transmitted from any SNTP servers on the subnet.

• SNTP IPv6 Anycast Tx—Select to transmit SNTP IPv6 Anycast

synchronization packets requesting system time information. The packets are transmitted to all SNTP servers on the subnet.

• Manual Date/Time—Set the date and time manually. The local time is used

when there is no alternate source of time, such as an SNTP server.Time Zone—The local time is used via the DHCP server or Time Zone offset.

Time Zone-The local time is used via the DHCP server or Time Zone offset .

• Time Zone from DHCP—Select to enable dynamic configuration of the

time zone and the DST from the DHCP server. Whether one or both of these parameters can be configured depends on the information found in the DHCP packet. If this option is enabled, you must also enable DHCP client on the device. The DHCP Client supports Option 100 providing dynamic time zone setting.

• DHCP Time Zone—Displays the acronym of the time zone configured

from the DHCP server. This acronym appears in the Actual Time field.

• Time Zone Offset—Select the difference in hours between Greenwich

Mean Time (GMT) and the local time. For example, the Time Zone Offset for Paris is GMT +1, while the Time Zone Offset for New York is GMT – 5.

• Time Set Offset—Enter the number of minutes offset from GMT ranging

from1—1440. The default is 60.

• Daylight Savings Type—Click one of the following:

• USA—DST is set according to the dates used in the USA.

• European—DST is set according to the dates used by the European

Union and other countries that use this standard.

• By Dates—DST is set manually, typically for a country other than the

USA or a European country. Enter the following parameters:

• Recurring - DST occurs on the same date every year . This allows

customization of the start and stop of DST

• For Daylight Savings Time, enter the following parameters:

• From—Day and time that DST starts.

• To—Day and time that DST ends.

• Recurring From, enter the following parameters that indicate when DST

begins each year:

• Day—Day of the week on which DST begins every year.

• Week—Week within the month from which DST begins every year.

• Month—Month of the year in which DST begins every year.

• Time—The time at which DST begins every year.

• (Recurring) To - Enter the following parameters that indicate when DST

ends each year:

• Day—Day of the week on which DST ends every year.

• Week—Week within the month from which DST ends every year.

• Month—Month of the year in which DST ends every year.

• Time—The time at which DST ends every year.

STEP 3 Click Apply. The system time values are written to the Running

Configuration file.

• Time Zone Acronym—Enter a user-defined name that represents the time

zone you have configured. This acronym appears in the Actual Time field.

Daylight Savings Time—Select how DST is defined:

• Daylight Savings—Select to enable Daylight Saving Time.

SNTP Unicast Server

Up to 16 Unicast SNTP servers can be configured.

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NOTE:

To specify a Unicast SNTP server by name, you must first configure DNS server(s) on the device (see DNS Settings). To add a Unicast SNTP server, SNTP Client Unicast must be enabled.

To add a Unicast SNTP server:

STEP 1 Click Configuration > Time > SNTP Unicast Server.

This page displays the following information for each configured Unicast SNTP server:

• SNTP Server—SNTP server IP address. The preferred server, or host name,

is chosen according to its stratum level.

• SNTP Server Status—SNTP server status. The possible values are as follows:

• Up—SNTP server is currently operating normally.

• Down—SNTP server is currently not available.

• Unknown—SNTP server is currently being searched for by the device.

• In Process—Occurs when the SNTP server has not fully trusted its

own time server (i.e. when first booting up the SNTP server).

• Stratum Level—Distance from the reference clock expressed as a

numerical value. An SNTP server cannot be the primary server (stratum level 1) unless polling interval is enabled.

• Offset—The estimated offset of the server’s clock relative to the local

clock, in milliseconds. The host determines the value of this offset using the algorithm described in RFC 2030.

• Delay—The estimated round-trip delay of the server’s clock relative to

the local clock over the network path between them, in milliseconds. The host determines the value of this delay using the algorithm described in RFC 2030.

• Poll Interval—Displays whether polling is enabled or disabled.

• Last Response Time—Date and time of the last time a response was

received from this SNTP server.

STEP 2 To add a Unicast SNTP server, enable SNTP Client Unicast.

STEP 3 Click Add.

STEP 4 Enter the following parameters:

• SNTP Server—Select if the SNTP server is going to be identified by its IP

address or if you are going to select a well-known SNTP server by name from the list.

NOTE:

To specify a well-known SNTP server, the device must be connected to the Internet and configured with a DNS server or configured so that a DNS server is identified by using DHCP. (See DNS Settings)

• IP Version—Select the version of the IP address: Version 4 or Version 6.

• IPv6 Address Type—Select the IPv6 address type (if IPv6 is used). The

options are

• Link Local—The IPv6 address uniquely identifies hosts on a single

network link. A link local address has a prefix of FE80, is not routable, and can be used for communication only on the local network. Only one link local address is supported. If a link local address exists on the interface, this entry replaces the address in the configuration.

• Link Local Interface—Select the link local interface (if IPv6 Address

• Type Link Local is selected) from the list.

• Global—The IPv6 address is a global Unicast IPV6 type that is visible

and reachable from other networks.

• SNTP Server IP Address—Enter the SNTP server IP address. The format

depends on which address type was selected.

• SNTP Server Name—Select the name of the SNTP server from a list of

well-known NTP servers. If other is chosen, enter name of SNTP server in the adjacent field.

• Poll Interval—Select to enable polling of the SNTP server for system time

information. All NTP servers that are registered for polling are polled, and the clock is selected from the server with the lowest stratum level (distance from the reference clock) that is reachable. The server with the lowest stratum is considered to be the primary server. The server with the next lowest stratum is a secondary server, and so forth. If the primary server is down, the device polls all servers with the polling setting enabled, and selects a new primary server with the lowest stratum.

STEP 5 Click Apply. The STNP server is added, and you are returned to the

main page.

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SNMP

This section describes the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) feature that provides a method for managing network devices.

It covers the following topics:

• SNMP Versions and Workflow

• Model OID

• Feature Configuration

• Views

• Groups

• Users

• Communities

• Notification Filters

• V1/V2 Notification Recipients

• V3 Notification Recipients

SNMP Versions and Workflow

The device functions as SNMP agent and supports SNMPv1, v2, and v3. It also reports system events to trap receivers using the traps defined in the supported MIBs (Management Information Base).

SNMPv1 and v2

To control access to the system, a list of community entries is defined. Each community entry consists of a community string and its access privilege. The system responds only to SNMP messages specifying the community which has the correct permissions and correct operation.

SNMP agents maintain a list of variables that are used to manage the device These variables are defined in the Management Information Base (MIB).

NOTE:

Due to the security vulnerabilities of other versions, it is recommended to use SNMPv3.

SNMPv3

In addition to the functionality provided by SNMPv1 and v2, SNMPv3 applies access control and new trap mechanisms to SNMPv1 and SNMPv2 PDUs. SNMPv3 also defines a User Security Model (USM) that includes:

• Authentication—Provides data integrity and data origin authentication.

• Privacy—Protects against disclosure message content. Cipher Block-

Chaining (CBC-DES) is used for encryption. Either authentication alone can be enabled on an SNMP message, or both authentication and privacy can be enabled on an SNMP message. However, privacy cannot be enabled without authentication.

• Timeliness—Protects against message delay or playback attacks. The

SNMP agent compares the incoming message time stamp to the message arrival time.

SNMP Workflow

NOTE:

For security reasons, SNMP is disabled by default. Before you can manage the device via SNMP, you must turn on SNMP in the SNMP>Feature Configuration page.

The following is the recommended series of actions for configuring SNMP:

If you decide to use SNMPv1 or v2:

STEP 1 Navigate to the SNMP -> Communities page and click Add. The

community can be associated with access rights and a view in Basic mode or with a group in Advanced mode. There are two ways to define access rights of a community:

• Basic mode—The access rights of a community can configure with Read

Only, Read Write, or SNMP Admin. In addition, you can restrict the access to the community to only certain MIB objects by selecting a view (defined in the Views page).

• Advanced Mode—The access rights of a community are defined by a group

(defined in the Groups page). You can configure the group with a specific security model. The access rights of a group are Read, Write, and Notify.

STEP 2 Choose whether to restrict the SNMP management station to one

address or allow SNMP management from all addresses. If you choose to restrict SNMP management to one address, then input the address of your SNMP Management PC in the IP Address field.

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STEP 3 Input the unique community string in the Community String field.

STEP 4 Optionally, define a notification filter(s) by using the Notification

Filter page.

STEP 5 Configure the notification recipients on the Notification Recipients

SNMPv1,2 page.

If you decide to use SNMPv3:

STEP 1 Define the SNMP engine by using the Engine ID page. Either create a

unique Engine ID or use the default Engine ID. Applying an Engine ID configuration clears the SNMP database.

STEP 2 Optionally, define SNMP view(s) by using the Views page. This limits

the range of OIDs available to a community or group.

STEP 3 Define groups by using the Groups page.

STEP 4 Define users by using the SNMP Users page, where they can be

associated with a group. If the SNMP Engine ID is not set, then users may not be created.

STEP 5 Optionally, define a notification filter(s) by using the Notification

Filter page.

STEP 6 Define a notification recipient(s) by using the Notification Recipients

SNMPv3 page.

Model OIDs

The following are the device model Object IDs (OIDs):

LGS326P 24-Port Smart Gigabit PoE Switch enterprises(1).linksys(3955).

smb(1000).3.26.2

The private Object IDs are placed under:

enterprises(1).linksys(3955).smb(1000).switch01(201).

Feature Configuration

The Engine ID is used by SNMPv3 entities to uniquely identify them. An SNMP agent is considered an authoritative SNMP engine. This means that the agent responds to incoming messages (Get, GetNext, GetBulk, Set) and sends trap messages to a manager. The agent’s local information is encapsulated in fields in the message.

Each SNMP agent maintains local information that is used in SNMPv3 message exchanges. The default SNMP Engine ID is comprised of the enterprise number and the default MAC address. This engine ID must be unique for the administrative domain, so that no two devices in a network have the same engine ID.

Local information is stored in four MIB variables that are read-only (snmpEngineId, snmpEngineBoots, snmpEngineTime, and snmpEngineMaxMessageSize).

CAUTION:

When the engine ID is changed, all configured users and groups are erased.

Mode Name Description Object ID

LGS308 8-Port Smart Gigabit Switch enterprises(1) .linksys(3955).

smb(1000).3.8.1

LGS318 18-PortSmartGigabit Switch enterprises(1).linksys(3955).

smb(1000).3.18.1

LGS326 24-Port Smart Gigabit Switch enterprises(1).linksys(3955).

smb(1000).3.26.1

LGS308P 8-Port Smart Gigabit PoE Switch enterprises(1).linksys(3955).

smb(1000).3.8.2

LGS318P 16-Port Smart Gigabit PoE Switch enterprises(1).linksys(3955).

smb(1000).3.18.2

To configure SNMP:

STEP 1 Click Configuration > System Management > Feature Configuration.

STEP 2 Enter the following fields:

• SNMP—Select to enable SNMP.

• Authentication Notification—Select to enable SNMP authentication

failure notification.

• SNMP Notification—Select to enable SNMP notifications.

• Local SNMPv3 Engine ID—Configure the engine. The options are:

• Use Default—Select to use the device-generated engine ID. The

default engine ID is based on the device MAC address, and is defined per standard as:

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• First 4 octets—First bit = 1, the rest is the IANA enterprise number.

• Fifth octet—Set to 3 to indicate the MAC address that follows.

• Last 6 octets—MAC address of the device.

• None—No engine ID is used.

• User Defined—Enter the local device engine ID. The field value is a

hexadecimal string (range: 10 - 64). Each byte in the hexadecimal character strings is represented by two hexadecimal digits.

All remote engine IDs and their IP addresses are displayed in the Remote Engine ID table.

STEP 3 Click Apply. The Running Configuration file is updated.

The Remote Engine ID table shows the mapping between IP addresses of the engine and Engine ID. To add the IP address of an engine ID:

STEP 4 Click Add. Enter the following fields:

• Remote Engine Host Address—Select whether to specify the Engine ID

server by IP address or name.

• IP Version—Select the supported IP format.

• IPv6 Address Type—Select the IPv6 address type (if IPv6 is used). The

options are:

• Link Local—The IPv6 address uniquely identifies hosts on a single

well- known names can be used to specify the root of the desired subtree or an OID can be entered (see Model OIDs).

Each subtree is either included or excluded in the view being defined.

The Views page enables creating and editing SNMP views. The default views (Default, DefaultSuper) cannot be changed.

Views can be attached to groups in the Groups page or to a community which employs basic access mode through the Communities page.

To define SNMP views:

STEP 1 Click Configuration > System Management > SNMP > Views.

STEP 2 Click Add to define new views.

STEP 3 Enter the parameters.

• VIew Name—Enter a view name between 0-30 characters)

• View Object—Select the node in the MIB tree that is included or excluded

in the selected SNMP view. The options to select the object are as follows:

• Object ID—Enter an OID not offered in the Object ID Selection List option.

• Object ID Selection List—Enables you to navigate the MIB tree. Press the

Up arrow to go to the level of the selected node’s parent and siblings; press the Down arrow to descend to the level of the selected node’s children. Click nodes in the view to pass from one node to its sibling. Use the scrollbar to bring siblings in view.

STEP 4 Include or exclude the MIB object from the view. If Include Object

is selected, the MIB objects are included in the view, otherwise they are excluded.

• Global—The IPv6 address is a global Unicast IPV6 type that is visible

and reachable from other networks.

• Remote Engine IP Address—Enter the IP address of the log server.

• Remote Engine IP Host—Enter the domain name of the log server.

• Engine ID—Enter the Engine ID.

STEP 5 Click Apply. The Running Configuration file is updated.

Views

A view is a user-defined label for a collection of MIB subtrees. Each subtree ID is defined by the Object ID (OID) of the root of the relevant subtrees. Either

STEP 5 Click Apply.

STEP 6 In order to verify your view configuration, select the user-defined views

from the Filter: View Name list. The following views exist by default:

• Default—Default SNMP view for read and read/write views.

• DefaultSuper—Default SNMP view for administrator views.

Other views can be added.

• Object ID—Displays the Object ID and its subtree to be included or

excluded in the SNMP view.

• Object View—Displays whether the defined object and its subtree are

included or excluded in the selected SNMP view.

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Groups

• In SNMPv1 and SNMPv2, a community string is sent along with the SNMP

frames. The community string acts as a password to gain access to an SNMP agent. However, neither the frames nor the community string are encrypted. Therefore, SNMPv1 and SNMPv2 are not secure.

• In SNMPv3, the following security mechanisms can be configured.

• Authentication—The device checks that the SNMP user is an authorized

system administrator. This is done for each frame.

• Privacy—SNMP frames can carry encrypted data.

Thus, in SNMPv3, there are three levels of security:

• No security (No authentication and no privacy)

• Authentication (Authentication and no privacy)

• Authentication and privacy

SNMPv3 provides a means of controlling the content each user can read or write and the notifications they receive. A group defines read/write privileges and a level of security. It becomes operational when it is associated with an SNMP user or community.

NOTE:

To associate a non-default view with a group, first create the view in the Views page.

To create an SNMP group:

STEP 1 Click Configuration > System Management > SNMP> Groups.

• This page displays the existing SNMP groups and their security levels. The

following fields are displayed for each SNMP group (only the fields not explained in the Add page):

• No Authentication Read View—No authentication is needed, and anyone

is able to read the view.

• No Authentication Write View—No authentication is needed, and anyone

is able to write the view.

• No Authentication Notify View—No authentication is needed, and

anyone is able to receive notification of the view.

• Authentication Read View—Only authenticated users are allowed to read

the view. By default, all users or community of a group can access all the MIB objects. A group can be limited to specific view(s) based on the read, write, notify, authentication and/or privacy configurations.

• Authentication Write View—Only authenticated users are able to write

the view.

• Management access is write for the selected view.

• Authentication Notify View—Only authentication users are allowed

toreceived notification.

• Privacy Read View— When reading the objects in the view, the SNMP

messages are encrypted.

• Privacy Write View—When writing the object in the view, the SNMP

messages are encrypted.

• Privacy Notify View—Notification on the objects in the view are encrypted.

STEP 2 Click Add.

STEP 3 Enter the parameters.

• Group Name—Enter a new group name.

• Security Model—Select the SNMP version attached to the group,

SNMPv1, v2, or v3.

• Three types of views with various security levels can be defined. For each

security level, select the views for Read, Write and Notify by entering the following fields:

• Enable—Select this field to enable the Security Level.

• Security Model—Define the security level attached to the group. SNMPv1

and SNMPv2 support neither authentication nor privacy. If SNMPv3 is selected, select to enable one of the following:

• No Authentication and No Privacy—Neither the Authentication nor the

Privacy security levels are assigned to the group.

• Authorized View—Select the Read, Write and Notify views associated with

this group and with the above security level.

• Authentication and No Privacy—Authenticates SNMP messages, and ensures

the SNMP message origin is authenticated but does not encrypt them.

• Authorized View—Select the Read, Write and Notify views associated with

this group and with the above security level.

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• Authentication and Privacy—Authenticates SNMP messages, and

encrypts them.

• Authorized View—Select the Read, Write and Notify views associated with

this group and with the above security level.

STEP 4 Click Apply. The SNMP group is saved to the Running Configuration file.

Users

An SNMP user is defined by the login credentials (username, passwords, and authentication method) and by the context and scope in which it operates by association with a group and an Engine ID.

The configured user has the attributes of its group, having the access privileges configured within the associated view.

Groups enable network managers to assign access rights to a group of users instead of to a single user.

A user can only belong to a single group.

• To create an SNMPv3 user, the following must first exist:

• An engine ID must first be configured on the device. This is done in

the Engine ID page.

• An SNMPv3 group must be available. An SNMPv3 group is defined in

the Groups page.

To display SNMP users and define new ones:

STEP 1 Click Configuration > System Management > SNMP > Users.

This page contains existing users.

STEP 2 Click Add.

This page provides information for assigning SNMP access control privileges to SNMP users.

STEP 3 Enter the parameters.

• User Name—Enter a name for the user.

• Engine—User is connected to a different SNMP entity besides the

local device. If the remote Engine ID is defined, remote devices receive inform messages, but cannot make requests for information.

• Select the remote engine ID.

• Group Name—Select the SNMP group to which the SNMP user belongs.

SNMP groups are defined in the Add Group page.

NOTE Users, who belong to groups which have been deleted, remain, but

they are inactive.

• Authentication Method—Select the Authentication method that varies

according to the Group Name assigned. If the group does not require authentication, then the user cannot configure any authentication. The options are:

• None—No user authentication is used.

• MD5—A password that is used for generating a key by the MD5

authentication method.

• SHA—A password that is used for generating a key by the SHA

(Secure Hash Algorithm) authentication method.

• Authentication Password—If authentication is accomplished by either

a MD5 or a SHA password, enter the local user password in either Encrypted or Plaintext. Local user passwords are compared to the local database, and can contain up to 32 ASCII characters.

• Privacy Method—Select one of the following options:

• None—Privacy password is not encrypted.

• DES—Privacy password is encrypted according to the Data Encryption

Standard (DES).

• Privacy Password—16 bytes are required (DES encryption key) if the DES

privacy method was selected. This field must be exactly 32 hexadecimal characters. The Encrypted or Plaintext mode can be selected.

STEP 4 Click Apply to save the settings.

• Engine ID—Select either the local or remote SNMP entity to which the

user is connected. Changing or removing the local SNMP Engine ID deletes the SNMPv3 User Database. To receive inform messages and request information, you must define both a local and remote user.

• Local—User is connected to the local device.

Communities

Access rights in SNMPv1 and SNMPv2 are managed by defining communities in the Communities page. The community name is a type of shared password between the SNMP management station and the device. It is used to authenticate the SNMP management station.

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Communities are only defined in SNMPv1 and v2 because SNMPv3 works with users instead of communities. The users belong to groups that have access rights assigned to them.

The Communities page associates communities with access rights, either directly (Basic mode) or through groups (Advanced mode):

• Basic mode—The access rights of a community can configure with Read

Only, Read Write, or SNMP Admin. In addition, you can restrict the access to the community to only certain MIB objects by selecting a view (defined in the SNMP Views page).

• Advanced Mode—The access rights of a community are defined by a group

(defined in the Groups page). You can configure the group with a specific security model. The access rights of a group are Read, Write, and Notify.

To define SNMP communities:

STEP 1 Click Configuration > System Management > SNMP> Communities.

• This page contains a table of configured SNMP communities and their

properties.

STEP 2 Click Add.

• This page enables network managers to define and configure new

SNMP communities.

STEP 3 Enter the following fields:

• IP Address—Enter the SNMP management station IP address

• Community—Enter the community name used to authenticate the

management station to the device.

• Access Control—Select one of the following:

• Basic—In this mode, there is no connection to any group. You can only

choose the community access level (Read Only, Read Write, or SNMP Admin) and, optionally, further qualify it for a specific view. By default, it applies to the entire MIB.

• Advanced—In this mode, access is controlled by group configurations

• Access Mode—Configure the community:

• Read Only—Management access is restricted to read-only. Changes

cannot be made to the community.

• Read Write—Management access is read-write. Changes can be made to

the device configuration, but not to the community.

• SNMP Admin—User has access to all device configuration options, as well

as permissions to modify the community. SNMP Admin is equivalent to Read Write for all MIBs except for the SNMP MIBs. SNMP Admin is required for access to the SNMP MIBs.

• View Name—Select an SNMP view (a collection of MIB subtrees to which

access is granted).

• SNMP Management Station—Click User Defined to enter the

management station IP address that can access the SNMP community. Click All to indicate that any IP device can access the SNMP community.

• IP Version—Select either IPv4 or IPv6.

• IPv6 Address Type—Select the supported IPv6 address type if IPv6 is

used. The options are:

• Link Local—The IPv6 address uniquely identifies hosts on a single

• Global—The IPv6 address is a global Unicast IPV6 type that is visible and

reachable from other networks.

• Interface—If the IPv6 address type is Link Local, select whether it is

received through a VLAN or ISATAP.

• Group Name—Select an SNMP group that determines the access rights in

Advanced mode.

STEP 4 Click Apply. The SNMP Community is defined, and the Running

Configuration is updated.

Notification Filters

The Notification Filter page enables configuring SNMP notification filters and Object IDs (OIDs) that are checked. After creating a notification filter, it is possible to attach it to a notification recipient in the Notification Recipients SNMPv1,2 page, and Notification Recipients SNMPv3 page.

The notification filter enables filtering the type of SNMP notifications that are sent to the management station based on the OID of the notification to be sent.

To define a notification filter:

STEP 1 Click Configuration > System Management >SNMP> Notification Filter.

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• The Notification Filter page contains notification information for each

filter. The table is able to filter notification entries by Filter Name.

STEP 2 Click Add.

STEP 3 Enter the parameters.

• Filter Name—Enter a name between 0-30 characters.

• Filter Object—Select the node in the MIB tree that is included or excluded

in the selected SNMP filter. The options to select the object are as follows:

• Selection List—Enables you to navigate the MIB tree. Press the Up arrow

to go to the level of the selected node’s parent and siblings; press the Down arrow to descend to the level of the selected node’s children. Click nodes in the view to pass from one node to its sibling. Use the scrollbar to bring siblings in view.

• If Object ID is used, the object identifier is included in the view if the

Include in filter option is selected.

STEP 4 Include or exclude in Object Filter. If this is selected, the selected MIBs

are included in the filter, otherwise they are excluded.

STEP 5 Click Apply. The SNMP views are defined and the running

configuration is updated.

SNMP v1/v2 Notification Recipients

Trap messages are generated to report system events, as defined in RFC 1215. The system can generate traps defined in the MIB that it supports.

Trap receivers (aka Notification Recipients) are network nodes where the trap messages are sent by the device. A list of notification recipients are defined as the targets of trap messages.

A trap receiver entry contains the IP address of the node and the SNMP credentials corresponding to the version that is included in the trap message. When an event arises that requires a trap message to be sent, it is sent to every node listed in the Notification Recipient Table.

The Notification Recipients SNMPv1,2 page and the Notification Recipients SNMPv3 page enable configuring the destination to which SNMP notifications are sent, and the types of SNMP notifications that are sent to each destination (traps or informs). The Add/Edit pop-ups enable configuring the attributes of the notifications.

An SNMP notification is a message sent from the device to the SNMP management station indicating that a certain event has occurred, such as a link up/ down.

It is also possible to filter certain notifications. This can be done by creating a filter in the Notification Filter page and attaching it to an SNMP notification recipient. The notification filter enables filtering the type of SNMP notifications that are sent to the management station based on the OID of the notification that is about to be sent.

Defining SNMP Notification Recipients

• To define a recipient in SNMPv1,2:

STEP 1 Click Configuration > System Management > SNMP > V1/V2 >

Notification Recipients

• This page displays the currently-defined SNMP recipients.

STEP 2 Enter the parameters.

• Recipient—Select whether to specify the remote log server by IP address

or server name.

• IP Version—Select either IPv4 or IPv6.

• IPv6 Address Type—Select either Link Local or Global.

• Link Local—The IPv6 address uniquely identifies hosts on a single

• Global—The IPv6 address is a global Unicast IPV6 type that is visible

and reachable from other networks.

• Interface—If the IPv6 address type is Link Local, select whether it is

received through a VLAN or ISATAP.

• Recipient IP Address—Enter the IP address of where the traps are sent.

• Recipient Name—Enter the server name of where the traps are sent.

• UDP Port—Enter the UDP port used for notifications on the recipient device.

• Notification Type—Select whether to send Traps or Informs. If both are

required, two recipients must be created.

• Notification Version—Select the trap SNMP version 1 or 2.

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• Community—Select from the pull-down the community string of the trap

manager. Community String names are generated from those listed in the Community page.

• Notification Filter—Select to enable filtering the type of SNMP

notifications sent to the management station. The filters are created in the Notification Filter page.

• Filter Name—Select the SNMP filter that defines the information

contained in traps (defined in the Notification Filter page).

STEP 3 Click Apply. The SNMP Notification Recipient settings are written to

the Running Configuration file.

SNMP v3 Notification Recipients

• To define a recipient in SNMPv3:

STEP 1 Click Configuration > System Management > SNMP > V3 Notification

Recipients.

This page displays recipients for SNMPv3.

STEP 2 Enter the fields:

• Recipient—Select whether to specify the remote log server by IP address

or server name.

• IP Version—Select either IPv4 or IPv6.

• IPv6 Address Type—Select the IPv6 address type (if IPv6 is used). The

options are:

• Link Local—The IPv6 address uniquely identifies hosts on a single

• Global—The IPv6 address is a global Unicast IPV6 type that is visible

and reachable from other networks.

• Link Local Interface—Select the link local interface (if IPv6 Address Type

Link Local is selected) from the pull-down list.

• Recipient IP Address/Name—Enter the IP address or server name of

where the traps are sent.

• UDP Port—Enter the UDP port used to for notifications on the

recipient device.

• Notification Type—Select whether to send traps or informs. If both are

required, two recipients must be created.

• User Name—Select from the drop-down list the user to whom SNMP

notifications are sent. In order to receive notifications, this user must be defined on the SNMP User page, and its engine ID must be remote.

• Security Level—Select how much authentication is applied to the packet.

NOTE:

The Security Level here depends on which User Name was selected. If this User Name was configured as No Authentication, the Security Level is No Authentication only. However, if this User Name has assigned Authentication and Privacy on the User page, the security level on this screen can be either No Authentication, or Authentication Only, or Authentication and Privacy.

The options are:

• No Authentication—Indicates the packet is neither authenticated

nor encrypted.

• Authentication—Indicates the packet is authenticated but not encrypted.

• Privacy—Indicates the packet is both authenticated and encrypted.

• Notification Filter—Select to enable filtering the type of SNMP

notifications sent to the management station. The filters are created in the Notification Filter page.

• Filter Name—Select the SNMP filter that defines the information

contained in traps (defined in the Notification Filter page).

STEP 3 Click Apply. The SNMP Notification Recipient settings are written to

the Running Configuration file.

Logs

This section describes the Logs feature, which enables the device to generate multiple independent logs. It covers the following topics:

• Log Management

• Remote Log Servers

• RAM Log

• Flash Memory Log

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Overview

Each log is a set of messages describing system events.

The device generates the following local logs:

• Log sent to the console interface.

• Log written into a cyclical list of logged events in the RAM and erased

when the device reboots.

• Log written to a cyclical log-file saved to the Flash memory and persists

across reboots.

In addition, you can send messages to remote SYSLOG servers in the form of SNMP traps and SYSLOG messages.

You can configure the messages that are written to each log by severity, and amessage can go to more.

Log Management

You can enable or disable logging on the Log Management page.

You can select the events by severity level. Each log message has a severity level marked with the first letter of the severity level separated by dashes (-) on each side (except for Emergency that is indicated by the letter F). For example, the log message “%INIT-I-InitCompleted: … “ has a severity level of I, meaning Informational.

The event severity levels are listed from the highest severity to the lowest severity, as follows:

• Emergency—System is not usable.

• Alert—Action is needed.

• Critical—System is in a critical condition.

• Error—System is in error condition.

• Warning—System warning has occurred.

• Notice—System is functioning properly, but a system notice has occurred.

• Informational—Device information.

• Debug—Detailed information about an event.

You can select different severity levels for RAM and Flash logs. These logs are displayed in the RAM Log page and Flash Memory Log page, respectively.

Selecting a severity level to be stored in a log causes all of the higher severity events to be automatically stored in the log. Lower severity events are not stored in the log.

For example, if Warning is selected, all severity levels that are Warning and higher are stored in the log (Emergency, Alert, Critical, Error, and Warning). No events with severity level below Warning are stored (Notice, Informational, and Debug).

To set global log parameters, do the following:

STEP 1 Click Configuration > System Management > Logs > Log

Management.

STEP 2 Enter the parameters.

System Log

• Logging—Select to enable message logging.

• Originator Identifier—Enables adding an origin identifier to SYSLOG

• messages. The options are as follows:

• None—Do not include the origin identifier in SYSLOG messages.

• Hostname—Include the system hostname in SYSLOG messages.

• IPv4 Address—Include the IPv4 address of the sending interface in

• SYSLOG messages.

• IPv6 Address—Include the IPv6 address of the sending interface in

• SYSLOG messages.

• User Defined—Enter a description to be included in SYSLOG messages.

Log Settings

• Severity—Select the severity levels of the messages to be logged to

the following:

• RAM Memory Logging—Severity levels of the messages to be logged to

the RAM.

• Flash Memory Logging—Severity levels of the messages to be logged to

the Flash memory.

STEP 3 Click Apply. The Running Configuration file is updated.

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Remote Log Servers

The Remote Log Servers page enables defining remote SYSLOG servers where log messages are sent (using the SYSLOG protocol). For each server, you can configure the severity of the messages that it receives.

To define SYSLOG servers, do the following:

STEP 1 Click Configuration > System Management > Logs > Remote

Log Servers.

The list of configured remote log servers is displayed.

STEP 2 Click Add.

STEP 3 Enter the parameters.

• Remote Log Server—Select whether to identify the remote log server by

IP address or name.

• IP Version—Select the supported IP version.

• IPv6 Address Type—Select the IPv6 address type (if IPv6 is used). The

options are as follows:

• Global—The IPv6 address is a global Unicast IPV6 type that is visible

and reachable from other networks.

• Link Local—The IPv6 address uniquely identifies hosts on a single

• Interface—Select the link local interface (if IPv6 Address Type Link

Local is selected) from the list.

• Log Server IP Address—Enter the IP address of the log server if it is to be

identified by address.

• Log Server Name—Enter the domain name of the log server if it is to be

identified by name.

Server Settings

• UDP Port—Enter the UDP port to which the log messages are sent.

• Facility—Select a facility value from which system logs are sent to the

remote server. Only one facility value can be assigned to a server. If a second facility code is assigned, the first facility value is overridden.

• Description—Enter a server description.

• Minimum Logging Level—Select the minimum level of system log

messages to be sent to the server.

STEP 4 Click Apply. The SYSLOG server is added, and the Running

Configuration file is updated.

RAM Log

The RAM Log page displays all messages that were saved in the RAM (cache) in chronological order. Entries are stored in the RAM log according to the configuration in the Log Management page.

To view log entries, click Configuration > System Management > Logs > RAM Log.

This page contains the following fields:

• Log Index—Log entry number.

• Log Time—Time when message was generated.

• Severity—Event severity.

• Description—Message text describing the event.

To clear the log messages, click Clear. The messages are cleared.

Flash Memory Log

The Flash Memory Log page displays the messages that were stored in the Flash memory, in chronological order. The minimum severity for logging is configured in the Log Management page. Flash logs remain when the device is rebooted. You can clear the logs manually.

To view the Flash logs, click Configuration > System Management > Logs >

Flash Memory Log.

This page contains the following fields:

• Log Index—Log entry number.

• Log Time—Time when message was generated.

• Severity—Event severity.

• Description—Message text describing the event.

To clear the messages, click Clear. The messages are cleared.

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Chapter 5 Port Management

This section describes port configuration, link aggregation, and the Green Ethernet feature.

It covers the following topics:

• Ports

• Link Aggregation

• Green Ethernet

• PoE

• LLDP

Ports

Workflow

To configure ports, perform the following actions:

1. Configure port by using the Ports page.

2. Enable/disable the Link Aggregation Control protocol, and configure the potential member ports to the desired LAGs by using the LAGs page. By default, all LAGs are empty.

3. Configure the Ethernet parameters, such as speed and auto-negotiation for the LAGs by using the LAGs page.

4. Configure the LACP parameters for the ports that are members or candidates of a dynamic LAG by using the LAGs page.

5. Configure Green Ethernet and 802.3 Energy Efficient Ethernet by using the Green Ethernet page.

6. Configure Green Ethernet energy mode and 802.3 Energy Efficient Ethernet per port by using the Green Ethernet page.

7. If PoE is supported and enabled for the device, configure the device as described in PoE.

8. Configure LLDP and LLDP-MED Port feature by using Discovery LLDP.

Configure Port Settings

To configure port settings:

STEP 1 Click Configuration > Port Management > Ports.

STEP 2 Select Enable to support jumbo packets of up to 10 KB in size. If

Jumbo Frames is not enabled (default), the system supports packet size up to 2,000 bytes. For Jumbo Frames to take effect, the device must be rebooted after the feature is enabled.

STEP 3 To update the port settings, select the desired port, and click Edit.

STEP 4 Modify the following parameters:

• Port—Select the port number.

Port Settings

• Operational Status—Displays whether the port is currently up or down.

If the port is down because of an error, the description of the error is displayed.

• Administrative Mode—Select to bring the port up or down.

• Suspended Port—Select to reactivate a port that has been suspended.

The reactivate operation brings the port up without regard to why the port was suspended.

• Protected Port—Select to make this a protected port. (A protected port is

also referred to as a Private VLAN Edge (PVE).) The features of a protected port are as follows:

• Protected Ports provide Layer 2 isolation between interfaces (Ethernet

ports and LAGs) that share the same VLAN.

• Packets received from protected ports can be forwarded only to

unprotected egress ports. Protected port filtering rules are also applied to packets that are forwarded by software, such as snooping applications.

• Port protection is not subject to VLAN membership. Devices connected to

protected ports are not allowed to communicate with each other, even if they are members of the same VLAN.

• Both ports and LAGs can be defined as protected or unprotected.

Protected LAGs are described in the LAGs section.

• Auto Negotiation—Select to enable auto-negotiation on the port. Auto-

negotiation enables a port to advertise its transmission speed, duplex mode, and flow control abilities to the port link partner.

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• Port Speed—Configure the speed of the port. The port type determines

the available speeds. You can designate this field only when port autonegotiation is disabled.

• Duplex Mode—Select the port duplex mode. This field is configurable

only when auto-negotiation is disabled, and the port speed is set to 10M or 100M. At port speed of 1G, the mode is always full duplex. The possible options are:

• Half—The interface supports transmission between the device and

the client in only one direction at a time.

• Full—The interface supports transmission between the device and

the client in both directions simultaneously.

• Auto Advertisement—Select the capabilities advertised by auto-negotiation

when it is enabled. The optionsare as follows:

• Max Capability—All port speeds and duplex mode settings can be accepted.

• 10 Full Duplex—10 Mbps speed and Full Duplex mode.

• 10 Half Duplex—10 Mbps speed and Half Duplex mode.

• 100 Full Duplex—100 Mbps speed and Full Duplex mode.

• 100 Half Duplex—100 Mbps speed and Half Duplex mode.

• 1000 Full Duplex—1000 Mbps speed and Full Duplex mode.

• Back Pressure—Select the Back Pressure mode on the port (used with

Half Duplex mode) to slow down the packet reception speed when the device is congested. It disables the remote port, preventing it from sending packets by jamming the signal.

• Flow Control—Enable or disable 802.3x Flow Control, or enable the auto-

negotiation of flow control on the port (only when in Full Duplex mode).

• MDI/MDIX—the Media Dependent Interface (MDI)/Media Dependent

Interface with Crossover (MDIX) status on the port. The options are as follows:

• MDIX—Select to swap the port’s transmit and receives pairs.

• MDI—Select to connect this device to a station by using a straight-

through cable.

• Auto—Select to configure this device to automatically detect the

correct pinouts for the connection to another device.

STEP 5 Click Apply. The port settings are written to the Running

Configuration file.

Link Aggregation

This section describes how to configure LAGs. It covers the following topics:

• Overview

• LAGs

Overview

Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP) is part of the IEEE specification (802.3ad) that enables you to bundle several physical ports together to form a single logical channel (LAG). LAGs multiply the bandwidth, increase port flexibility, and provide link redundancy between two devices.

Two types of LAGs are supported:

• Static—A LAG is static if the LACP is disabled on it. The ports assigned to

a static LAG are always active members. After a LAG is manually created, the LACP option cannot be added or removed, until the LAG is edited and a member is removed (which can be added prior to applying), then the LACP button becomes available for editing.

• Dynamic—A LAG is dynamic if LACP is enabled on it. The ports assigned

to dynamic LAG are candidate ports. LACP determines which candidate ports are active member ports. The non-active candidate ports are standby ports ready to replace any failing active member ports.

Load Balancing

• Traffic forwarded to a LAG is load-balanced across the active member

ports, thus achieving an effective bandwidth close to the aggregate bandwidth of all the active member ports of the LAG.

• Traffic load balancing over the active member ports of a LAG is managed

by a hash-based distribution function that distributes Unicast and Multicast traffic based on Layer 2 or Layer 3 packet header information.

• The device supports two modes of load balancing:

• By MAC Addresses—(Default) Based on the destination and source MAC

• addresses of all packets.

• Description—Enter the port description.

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• By IP and MAC Addresses—Based on the destination and source IP

addresses for IP packets, and destination and source MAC addresses for non-IP packets.

LAG Management

In general, a LAG is treated by the system as a single logical port. In particular, the LAG has port attributes similar to a regular port, such as state and speed.

The device supports four LAGs.

Every LAG has the following characteristics:

• All ports in a LAG must be of the same media type.

• To add a port to the LAG, it cannot belong to any VLAN except the default

VLAN.

• Ports in a LAG must not be assigned to another LAG.

• No more than eight ports are assigned to a static LAG and no more than

16 ports can be candidates for a dynamic LAG.

• All the ports in a LAG must have auto-negotiation disabled, although the

LAG can have auto-negotiation enabled.

• When a port is added to a LAG, the configuration of the LAG is applied

to the port. When the port is removed from the LAG, its original configuration is reapplied.

• Protocols, such as Spanning Tree, consider all the ports in the LAG to be

one port.

Default Settings and Configuration

Ports are not members of a LAG and are not candidates to become part of a LAG.

Disable LACP on the LAG to make it static. Assign up to eight member ports to the static LAG in the Port List to the LAG Port Member list. Perform these actions in the LAGs page.

Configure various aspects of the LAG, such as speed and flow control by using the Edit LAG page.

To configure a dynamic LAG, perform the following actions:

Enable LACP on the LAG. Assign up to 16 candidates ports to the dynamic LAG by selecting and moving the ports from the Port List to the LAG Port Member List by using the LAGs page.

Configure various aspects of the LAG, such as speed and flow control by using the LAGs page.

LAGs

The LAGs page displays global and per-LAG settings. The page also enables you to configure the global settings and to select and edit the desired LAG on the Edit LAG Membership page.

• To define the member or candidate ports in a LAG.

STEP 1 Click Configuration > Port Management > Link Aggregation > LAGs.

Information for each defined LAG is displayed.

STEP 2 Select the Load Balance Method:

• by MAC Address—(Default) Based on the destination and source MAC

addresses of all packets.

• by IP and MAC Address—Based on the destination and source IP addresses

for IP packets, and destination and source MAC addresses for non-IP packets.

STEP 3 Select the LAG to be configured, and click Edit.

Static and Dynamic LAG Workflow

After a LAG has been manually created, LACP cannot be added or removed until the LAG is edited and a member is removed. Only then the LACP field is activated.

• To configure a static LAG, perform the following actions:

STEP 4 Enter the values for the following fields:

Operational Status—Displays the following:

• Port List—Move those ports that are to be assigned to the LAG from the

Port List to the LAG Port Member list. Up to eight ports per static LAG can be assigned, and 16 ports can be assigned to a dynamic LAG.

• LAG Mode—Displays whether the LAG is up or down.

• Suspended LAG—Select to reactivate the LAG.

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